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Research Projects

INSECT POPULATION DISTRIBUTION AND CLIMATE CHANGE

Forest Defoliators and Climatic Change: Potential Changes in Spatial Distribution of Outbreaks of Western Spruce Budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and Gypsy Moth (Lepidoptera: Lymontriidae)

Williams, D.W. and Liebhold, A.M. (1995): Forest Defoliators and Climatic Change: Potential Changes in Spatial Distribution of Outbreaks of Western Spruce Budworm and Gypsy Moth. Environmental Entomology 24, 1-9.

Figure 5:

Potential outbreak areas of gypsy moth in Pennsylvania under different climatic change scenarios.

(a) Ambient temperature and precipitation. Areas thought to be defoliated in Pennsylvania under normal conditions.


(b) 2º C increase
.Areas predicted to be defoliated in Pennsylvania under a 2 degree C increase in temperature.


(c) 2º C increase with 0.5 mm precipitation per day increase.Areas predicted to be defoliated in Pennsylvania under a 2 degree C increase in temperature and 0.5 mm precipitation per day increase.


(d) 2º C increase with 0.5 mm precipitation per day decrease.Areas predicted to be defoliated in Pennsylvania under a 2 degree C decrease in temperature and 0.5 mm precipitation per day decrease.


(e) GISS model
.Areas predicted to be defoliated in Pennsylvania under the GISS model.

(f) GFDL model
.Areas predicted to be defoliated in Pennsylvania under the GFDL model.


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