Deciduous shrubs are widely distributed throughout temperate and boreal conifer forests and influence a wide range of ecological processes and forest resources.
The complex topography, climate, and geological history of Western North America have shaped contemporary patterns of biodiversity and species distributions in the region.
Variable density thinning (VDT) post-treatment monitoring is challenging and potentially costly because resulting stand structure is not well characterized by small area plots used in forestry.
Approximately 170,000 ha have been logged on the Tongass National Forest since the early 20th century, resulting in a vast network of young, and even-aged Sitka spruce–western hemlock stands.
Climate change poses a clear danger to salmon and steelhead in the Columbia River basin. Rising water temperatures increasingly limit their ability to migrate, spawn, and successfully produce the next generation of fish.
Pacific martens (Martes caurina) remain common in montane regions of the Pacific states, yet their distribution and status on the Olympic Peninsula, Washington, is uncertain.
Natural areas are tracts of land with little or no evidence of past human influence and designated for research, education, and conservation. Many sites were selected to represent high-quality examples of both common and rare plant association groups.
