Engineering drawings for equipment, maps, and 1919-1925 reports of cultural practices at the Wind River Nursery in southwest Washington

Metadata:
Identification_Information:
Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Harrington, Constance A.
Publication_Date: 2024
Title:
Engineering drawings for equipment, maps, and 1919-1925 reports of cultural practices at the Wind River Nursery in southwest Washington
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: figures and maps
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Fort Collins, CO
Publisher: Forest Service Research Data Archive
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.2737/EFR-2024-001
Description:
Abstract:
The Wind River Nursery in Skamania County, Washington was started in 1909 to grow seedlings to regenerate burned and cut over lands. The nursery workers developed several types of equipment and cultural practices. Some of the equipment developed at the nursery has been mentioned in early accounts of the nursery and shown in some photographs, but details of their construction were noted as not available. The engineering drawings for the Wind River Seed Drill and Weeder prepared in 1947 by Oregon Department of Forestry have been found and scans of those drawings are included in this package. Each piece of equipment is described in 4 or 5 oversized sheets (18 inch by 24 inch). The first sheet provides an overview of the equipment with front, plan and side views and the other sheets for each type of equipment include detailed drawings of all the parts involved down to the type and size of the fasteners used. This package also includes three maps: the Wind River Nursery area; the cover crops used in the nursery fields, along with the date of sowing and turning (plowing into the soil) in each field for crops of oats or oats and vetch from 1926 to 1932; and fertilization practices used in each field from 1919 to 1926 (manure, sulphur [sic], sodium nitrate and acid phosphate) and the sizes of the various nursery fields. Reports summarizing fertilizer treatments and soil crops at the Wind River Nursery from 1919 to 1925 are also included.
Purpose:
The purpose of these images, maps, and reports were to document the equipment developed and the cultural practices used in an early nursery.
Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 1919
Ending_Date: 1947
Currentness_Reference:
Ground condition
Status:
Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned
Spatial_Domain:
Description_of_Geographic_Extent:
The Wind River Nursery was established in 1909 in Skamania County, Washington. In 1913, this area became a part of what was known as the Wind River Forest Experiment Station, which became the Wind River Experimental Forest in 1932.
Bounding_Coordinates:
West_Bounding_Coordinate: -122.93300
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -121.92400
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 45.80000
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 45.79500
Bounding_Altitudes:
Altitude_Minimum: 1100
Altitude_Maximum: 1150
Altitude_Distance_Units: feet
Keywords:
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: biota
Theme_Keyword: boundaries
Theme_Keyword: farming
Theme_Keyword: imageryBaseMapsEarthCover
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: National Research & Development Taxonomy
Theme_Keyword: Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment
Theme_Keyword: Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis
Theme_Keyword: Natural Resource Management & Use
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Theme_Keyword: nursery equipment
Theme_Keyword: seed drill
Theme_Keyword: weeder
Theme_Keyword: nursery practices
Theme_Keyword: cover crops
Theme_Keyword: green manure
Theme_Keyword: fertilization
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Place_Keyword: Washington
Place_Keyword: Wind River Nursery
Place_Keyword: Skamania County
Place_Keyword: Columbia National Forest
Place_Keyword: Hemlock Ranger Station
Place_Keyword: Wind River Experimental Forest
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:
This content was obtained or developed using funding from the U.S. Government and can be used without additional permissions or fees. If you use these data in a publication, presentation, or other research product please use the following citation:

Harrington, Constance A. 2024. Engineering drawings for equipment, maps, and 1919-1925 reports of cultural practices at the Wind River Nursery in southwest Washington. Fort Collins, CO: Forest Service Research Data Archive. https://doi.org/10.2737/EFR-2024-001
Point_of_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station
Contact_Person: Constance Harrington
Contact_Position: Emeritus Scientist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 3625 93rd Ave. SW
City: Olympia
State_or_Province: WA
Postal_Code: 98512
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 360-753-7670
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: constance.harrington@usda.gov
Contact Instructions: This contact information was current as of original publication date. For current information see Contact Us page on: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS.
Data_Set_Credit:
Funding for this content was provided by the USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station.


Author Information:

Constance A. Harrington
USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8243-1976
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Data_Quality_Information:
Attribute_Accuracy:
Attribute_Accuracy_Report:
Accuracy of the equipment drawings, maps, treatments and application, and reports are not known. This historical content is provided as is.
Logical_Consistency_Report:
No quality assurance or quality control checks were applied to the information provided in this package. This historical information is provided as is.
Completeness_Report:
Drawings and maps are assumed to be complete. All related documents (reports, maps, etc.) that have been found, are included in this package.
Lineage:
Methodology:
Methodology_Type: Lab
Methodology_Description:
A bareroot nursery equipment catalog prepared in 1992 by the Forest Service Missoula Technology and Development Center (Lowman et al. 1992) describes the seed drill as follows:

"The Wind River Seed Drill consists of a hopper, drop tubes, rollers, soil-penetrating shoes, and metering devices. A metering device consists of ground-driven short cylinders that are fluted and cup-shaped at both ends. When the cups rotate the seed is metered from the hopper into the drop tubes. To allow different seed sizes, the cups at one end of the cylinder are deeper than the other. Most nurseries using the Wind River seed drills have made changes to the basic design. Parts are difficult, if not impossible, to obtain. The original Wind River Seed Drill was a combination of parts from an International Harvester grain drill and a Planet Jr. Seeder.”

Lowman et al. (1992) states that drawings for the seed drill were not available. Because these equipment drawings have since been found, we decided to scan those drawings and all related content that we could find (other historical drawings, maps, and reports) for the Wind River Nursery and include them in this package.
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Lowman, Ben J.
Originator: Landis,Thomas D.
Originator: Zensen, Fred
Originator: Holland, Brenda J.
Publication_Date: 1992
Title:
Bareroot nursery equipment catalog
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Missoula Technology and Developement Center Project Report
Issue_Identification: No. 9224-2839-MTDC
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Missoula, MT
Publisher: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, National Technology and Development Program
Other_Citation_Details:
204 pages
Online_Linkage: https://www.fs.usda.gov/t-d/php/library_card.php?p_num=9224%202839
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Large (18 inch by 24 inch) engineering drawings or maps were scanned on a large format scanner and saved as TIF files. Maps were not georeferenced.

The associated nursery reports were also scanned and provided as PDF files.
Process_Date: 2023
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Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
Overview_Description:
Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
Below you will find a list and description of the files included in this package.

FILES INCLUDED IN PACKAGE (17)
All equipment and maps are provided as Tagged Image Format (TIF) files. All reports are provided as Portable Document Format (PDF) files.

Equipment:

1. \Equipment\TreeSeedDrill1.tif: Images of the Wind River Seed Drill showing the front elevation, plan view, left elevation, and perspective.

2. \Equipment\TreeSeedDrill2.tif: Images of the Wind River Seed Drill showing the hopper and spreader blocks.

3. \Equipment\TreeSeedDrill3.tif: Images of the Wind River Seed Drill showing the roller scraper and frame.

4. \Equipment\TreeSeedDrill4.tif: Images of the Wind River Seed Drill showing the planting blade, covering blade, tie rod and spring, scrapers, braces, and seed box.

5. \Equipment\Weeder1.tif: Images of the Wind River Weeder showing the front view, left view, and plan view.

6. \Equipment\Weeder2.tif: Images of the Wind River Weeder showing the perspective, shoe guide, lateral control movement, and front elevation shoe spacing.

7. \Equipment\Weeder3.tif: Images of the Wind River Weeder showing the wheels, braces, arms, and coulter shaft.

8. \Equipment\Weeder4.tif: Images of the Wind River Weeder showing the runners, shoe sidewall, and braces.

9. \Equipment\Weeder5.tif: Images of the Wind River Weeder showing the lateral control column, hitch control arm, coulter, and coulter adjusting gears.


Maps:

10. \Maps\WRNCoverCrops.tif: Map of cover crops in the Wind River Nursery fields. Information includes the cover crop (oats or oats and vetch), date of sowing, date of turning, and size of crop in each nursery field.

11. \Maps\WRNFertilization.tif: Map of fertilization practices in the Wind River Nursery fields. Information includes the date and type of fertilization treatments applied in nursery beds.

12. \Maps\WRNLocation.tif: Map showing the topography and location of the Wind River Nursery and Hemlock Ranger Station.


Reports:

13. \Reports\1919NurseryReport.pdf: December 1919 final report "Effect of Fertilizers in Douglas Fir Seed Beds" by J.V. Hofmann (20 pages).

14. \Reports\1919NurseryReportFigures.pdf: Figures for the December 1919 final report \1919NurseryReport.pdf (8 pages/figures).

15. \Reports\1920NurseryReport.pdf: June 1920 report "Initiation of 1920 Fertilizing Experiment, Wind River Experiment Station" (6 pages).

16. \Reports\1924NurseryReport.pdf: September 1924 report "Summary of Fertilizer Experiments and Soil Treatments at Wind River Nursery" by Julius F. Kummel (14 pages). This report contains a description and summary of nursery treatments from 1912-1921.

17. \Reports\1925NurseryReport.pdf: January 1925 report "Fertilizer and Soil Crops on Wind River Nursery" by Leo A. Isaac (13 pages). This report also includes additional details on treatments, discussion and recommendations.
Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:
none provided
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Distribution_Information:
Distributor:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: USDA Forest Service, Research and Development
Contact_Position: Research Data Archivist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 240 West Prospect Road
City: Fort Collins
State_or_Province: CO
Postal_Code: 80526
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: see Contact Instructions
Contact Instructions: This contact information was current as of April 2024. For current information see Contact Us page on: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS.
Resource_Description: EFR-2024-001
Distribution_Liability:
Metadata documents have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness. Unless otherwise stated, all data and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. However, neither the author, the Archive, nor any part of the federal government can assure the reliability or suitability of these data for a particular purpose. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed for a user's application of these data or related materials.

The metadata, data, or related materials may be updated without notification. If a user believes errors are present in the metadata, data or related materials, please use the information in (1) Identification Information: Point of Contact, (2) Metadata Reference: Metadata Contact, or (3) Distribution Information: Distributor to notify the author or the Archive of the issues.
Standard_Order_Process:
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: PDF
Format_Version_Number: see Format Specification
Format_Specification:
Portable Document Format file
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.2737/EFR-2024-001
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: TIFF
Format_Version_Number: see Format Specification
Format_Specification:
Tagged Image File Format
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.2737/EFR-2024-001
Fees: None
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Metadata_Reference_Information:
Metadata_Date: 20240408
Metadata_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station
Contact_Person: Constance Harrington
Contact_Position: Emeritus Scientist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 3625 93rd Ave. SW
City: Olympia
State_or_Province: WA
Postal_Code: 98512
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 360-753-7670
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: constance.harrington@usda.gov
Contact Instructions: This contact information was current as of original publication date. For current information see Contact Us page on: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS.
Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Biological Data Profile of the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001.1-1999
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