Witness trees of the Monongahela National Forest: 1752-1899

Metadata:

Identification_Information:
Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Thomas-Van Gundy, Melissa A.
Originator: Strager, Michael P.
Publication_Date: 2014
Title:
Witness trees of the Monongahela National Forest: 1752-1899
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Fort Collins, CO
Publisher: Forest Service Research Data Archive
Other_Citation_Details:
Updated 15 September 2016
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2014-0022
Description:
Abstract:
This data publication contains a shapefile of points created from 1930s maps of the first land grants within the Monongahela National Forest (MNF) proclamation boundary. Corner or witness trees are those trees listed in a land survey to describe the survey corner for future re-establishment of the corner or property line. Witness trees listed in the deeds were added as attributes to the digital point locations. Deed dates range from 1752 to 1899. If no trees were listed in the deed to witness the corner, the corner was created in the point file, but no species was assigned. The deeds and surveys were created under the metes and bounds method of land survey common in the colonial era. The entire area was not surveyed in any systematic method as is found in the Western United States so there are areas of the MNF with no witness trees. Also included are the scanned images of the maps used to create the database of corner points. Each map covers a portion of the Monongahela National Forest, WV and includes latitude and longitude reference lines. On each map are the individual parcels of land drawn by draftsmen in the 1930s from the original deeds or grants. With each tract is the name of the grantee, the data of the deed or grant, the size of the tract of land (in acres), and a unique identification number that references the deed/grant from which the sketch was made. This data publication also includes two location maps (north and south) showing the location and area covered by the individual map sheets. The base map is a 1936 map of the Monongahela National Forest, WV produced by the USDA Forest Service.
Purpose:
This database was developed to help characterize the forest at the time of European settlement.
Supplemental_Information:
Original metadata date was 10/09/2014. Scanned images of the maps used to create the database of corner points were added on 09/15/2016 along with a few minor metadata updates.

Minor metadata updates on 12/13/2016 and 09/16/2024 (which included URL updates for related articles).
Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 1752
Ending_Date: 1899
Currentness_Reference:
Publication date
Status:
Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As needed
Spatial_Domain:
Description_of_Geographic_Extent:
The Monongahela National Forest is located in the north central highlands of West Virginia.
Bounding_Coordinates:
West_Bounding_Coordinate: -80.671458
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -79.147721
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 39.298912
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 37.803762
Keywords:
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: boundaries
Theme_Keyword: location
Theme_Keyword: society
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: National Research & Development Taxonomy
Theme_Keyword: Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment
Theme_Keyword: Geography
Theme_Keyword: Landscape ecology
Theme_Keyword: Environment and People
Theme_Keyword: History
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Theme_Keyword: European settlement
Theme_Keyword: witness trees
Theme_Keyword: forest composition
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Place_Keyword: Monongahela National Forest
Place_Keyword: West Virginia
Taxonomy:
Keywords/Taxon:
Taxonomic_Keyword_Thesaurus:
None
Taxonomic_Keywords: multiple species
Taxonomic_Keywords: plants
Taxonomic_System:
Classification_System/Authority:
Classification_System_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: ITIS
Publication_Date: 2014
Title:
Integrated Taxonomic Information System
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: database
Other_Citation_Details:
Retrieved [October, 2, 2014]
Online_Linkage: https://www.itis.gov
Taxonomic_Procedures:
Taxonomic_Completeness:
Vegetation was identified to species when possible. Some species which were minor components of the study area were identified to genus.
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Kingdom
Taxon_Rank_Value: Plantae
Applicable_Common_Name: plantes
Applicable_Common_Name: Planta
Applicable_Common_Name: Vegetal
Applicable_Common_Name: plants
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Subkingdom
Taxon_Rank_Value: Viridaeplantae
Applicable_Common_Name: green plants
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Infrakingdom
Taxon_Rank_Value: Streptophyta
Applicable_Common_Name: land plants
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Division
Taxon_Rank_Value: Tracheophyta
Applicable_Common_Name: vascular plants
Applicable_Common_Name: tracheophytes
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Subdivision
Taxon_Rank_Value: Spermatophytina
Applicable_Common_Name: spermatophytes
Applicable_Common_Name: seed plants
Applicable_Common_Name: phanérogames
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Infradivision
Taxon_Rank_Value: Angiospermae
Applicable_Common_Name: flowering plants
Applicable_Common_Name: angiosperms
Applicable_Common_Name: plantas com flor
Applicable_Common_Name: angiosperma
Applicable_Common_Name: angiospermes
Applicable_Common_Name: plantes à fruits
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Class
Taxon_Rank_Value: Magnoliopsida
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Superorder
Taxon_Rank_Value: Asteranae
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
Taxon_Rank_Value: Ericales
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
Taxon_Rank_Value: Ericaceae
Applicable_Common_Name: heaths
Applicable_Common_Name: éricacées
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Oxydendrum
Applicable_Common_Name: sourwood
Applicable_Common_Name: swamp cranberry
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Oxydendrum arboreum
Applicable_Common_Name: sourwood
Applicable_Common_Name: sorrel tree
Applicable_Common_Name: lily-of-the-valley tree
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Rhododendron
Applicable_Common_Name: azaleas
Applicable_Common_Name: rhododendron
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
Taxon_Rank_Value: Cornales
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
Taxon_Rank_Value: Cornaceae
Applicable_Common_Name: dogwoods
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Cornus
Applicable_Common_Name: dogwood
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
Taxon_Rank_Value: Nyssaceae
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Nyssa
Applicable_Common_Name: tupelo
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Nyssa sylvatica
Applicable_Common_Name: black gum
Applicable_Common_Name: black tupelo
Applicable_Common_Name: blackgum
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
Taxon_Rank_Value: Lamiales
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
Taxon_Rank_Value: Oleaceae
Applicable_Common_Name: olives
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Fraxinus
Applicable_Common_Name: ash
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Fraxinus americana
Applicable_Common_Name: white ash
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
Taxon_Rank_Value: Aquifoliales
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
Taxon_Rank_Value: Aquifoliaceae
Applicable_Common_Name: hollies
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Ilex
Applicable_Common_Name: hollies
Applicable_Common_Name: holly
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Ilex opaca
Applicable_Common_Name: American holly
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Superorder
Taxon_Rank_Value: Magnolianae
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
Taxon_Rank_Value: Magnoliales
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
Taxon_Rank_Value: Magnoliaceae
Applicable_Common_Name: magnolias
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Magnolia
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Magnolia acuminata
Applicable_Common_Name: cucumbertree
Applicable_Common_Name: cucumber-tree
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Liriodendron
Applicable_Common_Name: tuliptree
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Liriodendron tulipifera
Applicable_Common_Name: yellow poplar
Applicable_Common_Name: tulip poplar
Applicable_Common_Name: yellow-poplar
Applicable_Common_Name: tuliptree
Applicable_Common_Name: bois-jaune
Applicable_Common_Name: tulip-poplar
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
Taxon_Rank_Value: Laurales
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
Taxon_Rank_Value: Lauraceae
Applicable_Common_Name: laurels
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Sassafras
Applicable_Common_Name: sassafras
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Sassafras albidum
Applicable_Common_Name: sassafras
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Superorder
Taxon_Rank_Value: Proteanae
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
Taxon_Rank_Value: Proteales
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
Taxon_Rank_Value: Platanaceae
Applicable_Common_Name: plane trees
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Platanus
Applicable_Common_Name: sycamore
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Platanus occidentalis
Applicable_Common_Name: sycamore
Applicable_Common_Name: American sycamore
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Superorder
Taxon_Rank_Value: Rosanae
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
Taxon_Rank_Value: Fagales
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
Taxon_Rank_Value: Juglandaceae
Applicable_Common_Name: walnuts
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Carya
Applicable_Common_Name: caryer
Applicable_Common_Name: hickory
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Juglans
Applicable_Common_Name: nogal
Applicable_Common_Name: walnut
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Juglans cinerea
Applicable_Common_Name: noyer cerdr
Applicable_Common_Name: white walnut
Applicable_Common_Name: butternut
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Juglans nigra
Applicable_Common_Name: black walnut
Applicable_Common_Name: noyer noir
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
Taxon_Rank_Value: Fagaceae
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Quercus
Applicable_Common_Name: chêne
Applicable_Common_Name: oak
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Quercus coccinea
Applicable_Common_Name: scarlet oak
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Quercus alba
Applicable_Common_Name: chêne blanc
Applicable_Common_Name: white oak
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Quercus montana
Applicable_Common_Name: chestnut oak
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Quercus rubra
Applicable_Common_Name: northern red oak
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Quercus velutina
Applicable_Common_Name: black oak
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Castanea
Applicable_Common_Name: chestnut
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Castanea dentata
Applicable_Common_Name: American chestnut
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Fagus
Applicable_Common_Name: beech
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Fagus grandifolia
Applicable_Common_Name: American beech
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
Taxon_Rank_Value: Betulaceae
Applicable_Common_Name: alder
Applicable_Common_Name: birch
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Betula
Applicable_Common_Name: birch
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Betula nigra
Applicable_Common_Name: river birch
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Betula alleghaniensis
Applicable_Common_Name: yellow birch
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Betula lenta
Applicable_Common_Name: sweet birch
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Carpinus
Applicable_Common_Name: hornbeam
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Carpinus caroliniana
Applicable_Common_Name: American hornbeam
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Ostrya
Applicable_Common_Name: hophornbeam
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Ostrya virginiana
Applicable_Common_Name: eastern hophornbeam
Applicable_Common_Name: hophornbeam
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
Taxon_Rank_Value: Malvales
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
Taxon_Rank_Value: Malvaceae
Applicable_Common_Name: mallows
Applicable_Common_Name: mauves
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Tilia
Applicable_Common_Name: basswood
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
Taxon_Rank_Value: Rosales
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
Taxon_Rank_Value: Ulmaceae
Applicable_Common_Name: elms
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Ulmus
Applicable_Common_Name: elm
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
Taxon_Rank_Value: Moraceae
Applicable_Common_Name: mulberries
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Morus
Applicable_Common_Name: mulberry
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Maclura
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Maclura pomifera
Applicable_Common_Name: osage-orange
Applicable_Common_Name: bois d'arc
Applicable_Common_Name: osage orange
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
Taxon_Rank_Value: Rosaceae
Applicable_Common_Name: roses
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Crataegus
Applicable_Common_Name: hawthorns
Applicable_Common_Name: aubépines
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Prunus
Applicable_Common_Name: chokecherry
Applicable_Common_Name: plum
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Prunus serotina
Applicable_Common_Name: black chokecherry
Applicable_Common_Name: black cherry
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Amelanchier
Applicable_Common_Name: serviceberry
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Malus
Applicable_Common_Name: apple
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
Taxon_Rank_Value: Sapindales
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
Taxon_Rank_Value: Sapindaceae
Applicable_Common_Name: soapberries
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Aesculus
Applicable_Common_Name: buckeye
Applicable_Common_Name: horsechestnut
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Acer
Applicable_Common_Name: maples
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Acer rubrum
Applicable_Common_Name: red maple
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Acer saccharum
Applicable_Common_Name: sugar maple
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Acer pensylvanicum
Applicable_Common_Name: moosewood
Applicable_Common_Name: striped maple
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
Taxon_Rank_Value: Fabales
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
Taxon_Rank_Value: Fabaceae
Applicable_Common_Name: peas
Applicable_Common_Name: legumes
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Robinia
Applicable_Common_Name: locust
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Robinia pseudoacacia
Applicable_Common_Name: black locust
Applicable_Common_Name: false acacia
Applicable_Common_Name: yellow locust
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
Taxon_Rank_Value: Malpighiales
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
Taxon_Rank_Value: Salicaceae
Applicable_Common_Name: willows
Applicable_Common_Name: saules
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Populus
Applicable_Common_Name: cottonwood
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Salix
Applicable_Common_Name: saule
Applicable_Common_Name: saules
Applicable_Common_Name: willow
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Superorder
Taxon_Rank_Value: Saxifraganae
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
Taxon_Rank_Value: Saxifragales
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
Taxon_Rank_Value: Hamamelidaceae
Applicable_Common_Name: witch hazel
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Hamamelis
Applicable_Common_Name: witchhazel
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Hamamelis virginiana
Applicable_Common_Name: witch-hazel
Applicable_Common_Name: witchhazel
Applicable_Common_Name: American witchhazel
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Infradivision
Taxon_Rank_Value: Gymnospermae
Applicable_Common_Name: gymnosperms
Applicable_Common_Name: gymnospermes
Applicable_Common_Name: gimnosperma
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Class
Taxon_Rank_Value: Pinopsida
Applicable_Common_Name: conifers
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
Taxon_Rank_Value: Pinales
Applicable_Common_Name: pines
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
Taxon_Rank_Value: Pinaceae
Applicable_Common_Name: pines
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Abies
Applicable_Common_Name: fir
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Abies balsamea
Applicable_Common_Name: balsam fir
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Picea
Applicable_Common_Name: spruce
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Picea rubens
Applicable_Common_Name: red spruce
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Pinus
Applicable_Common_Name: pine
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Pinus pungens
Applicable_Common_Name: hickory pine
Applicable_Common_Name: prickley pine
Applicable_Common_Name: Table Mountain pine
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Pinus rigida
Applicable_Common_Name: pitch pine
Applicable_Common_Name: pin rigide
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Pinus strobus
Applicable_Common_Name: eastern white pine
Applicable_Common_Name: white pine
Applicable_Common_Name: northern white pine
Applicable_Common_Name: soft pine
Applicable_Common_Name: Weymouth pine
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Pinus virginiana
Applicable_Common_Name: scrub pine
Applicable_Common_Name: Jersey pine
Applicable_Common_Name: Virginia pine
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Tsuga
Applicable_Common_Name: hemlock
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Tsuga canadensis
Applicable_Common_Name: Canada hemlock
Applicable_Common_Name: hemlock spruce
Applicable_Common_Name: eastern hemlock
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
Taxon_Rank_Value: Cupressales
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
Taxon_Rank_Value: Cupressaceae
Applicable_Common_Name: cypress
Applicable_Common_Name: redwood
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Juniperus
Applicable_Common_Name: juniper
Applicable_Common_Name: cedar
Applicable_Common_Name: cedro
Applicable_Common_Name: redcedar
Applicable_Common_Name: sabino
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Juniperus virginiana
Applicable_Common_Name: eastern red-cedar
Applicable_Common_Name: genévrier rouge
Applicable_Common_Name: red cedar juniper
Applicable_Common_Name: eastern redcedar
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
Taxon_Rank_Value: Taxaceae
Applicable_Common_Name: yews
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Taxus
Applicable_Common_Name: yew
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Taxus canadensis
Applicable_Common_Name: Canada yew
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:
These data were collected using funding from the U.S. Government and can be used without additional permissions or fees. If you use these data in a publication, presentation, or other research product please use the citation below when citing the data:

Thomas-Van Gundy, Melissa A.; Strager, Michael P. 2014. Witness trees of the Monongahela National Forest: 1752-1899. Updated 15 September 2016. Fort Collins, CO: Forest Service Research Data Archive. https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2014-0022
Point_of_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Melissa Thomas-Van Gundy
Contact_Organization: USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station
Contact_Position: research forester
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing
Address: P.O. Box 404
City: Parsons
State_or_Province: WV
Postal_Code: 26287
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 304-478-2000 ext. 114
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: melissa.thomasvangundy@usda.gov
Contact Instructions: This contact information was current as of original publication date. For current information see Contact Us page on: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS.
Data_Set_Credit:
Funding for this project provided by USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Monongahela National Forest, and West Virginia University under participating agreement number 06-PA-11092100-046.
Native_Data_Set_Environment:
Microsoft Windows 7 Version 6.1 (Build 7601) Service Pack 1; Esri ArcGIS 10.2.2.3552
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Thomas-Van Gundy, Melissa A.
Originator: Strager, Michael P.
Publication_Date: 2012
Title:
European settlement-era vegetation of the Monongahela National Forest, West Virginia
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Gen. Tech. Rep.
Issue_Identification: NRS-GTR-101
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Newtown Square, PA
Publisher: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station
Other_Citation_Details:
39 p.
Online_Linkage: https://research.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/41448
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Thomas-Van Gundy, Melissa A.
Originator: Nowacki, Gregory J.
Publication_Date: 2013
Title:
The use of witness trees as pyro-indicators for mapping past fire conditions
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Forest Ecology and Management
Issue_Identification: 304: 333-344
Online_Linkage: https://research.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/43747
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Thomas-Van Gundy, Melissa A.
Originator: Strager, Michael P.
Originator: Rentch, James
Publication_Date: 2012
Title:
Site characteristics of red spruce witness tree locations in the uplands of West Virginia, USA
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society
Issue_Identification: 139(4): 391-405
Online_Linkage: https://research.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/42805
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Thomas-Van Gundy, Melissa A.
Originator: Strager, Michael P.
Publication_Date: 2011
Title:
Site characteristics of American chestnut, oak, and hickory witness trees on the Monongahela National Forest, West Virginia
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document
Other_Citation_Details:
In: Fei, Songlin; Lhotka, John M.; Stringer, Jeffrey W.; Gottschalk, Kurt W.; Miller, Gary W., eds. Proceedings, 17th central hardwood forest conference; 2010 April 5-7; Lexington, KY; Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-P-78. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Online_Linkage: https://research.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/38055
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Data_Quality_Information:
Attribute_Accuracy:
Attribute_Accuracy_Report:
Errors in corner location were introduced in the creation of the digital maps and data set from the hand-drawn maps. See Thomas-Van Gundy and Strager 2012 for more details.
Logical_Consistency_Report:
During creation of the dataset, random deeds were selected to check the accuracy of data entry and transfer of deed corners from paper copies to digital.
Completeness_Report:
Some corners listed in deeds had no tree species associated with them, they were rock piles, stakes, or some geographic feature (i.e. bend in the stream). These points were created in the digital file, however there is no tree species associated with them.
Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:
A measure of positional error has been estimated at about 21 meters (m) for the conversion of the paper maps to digital, meaning that the true location of a corner or witness tree is within 21 m of the point in this file.
Lineage:
Methodology:
Methodology_Type: Field
Methodology_Description:
In the 1930s, personnel on the MNF obtained copies of the first land grant or deed for parcels that would later become MNF, from county courthouses. They then used the bearings and distances listed in the deeds and land grants to plot the parcels. The 83 parcel maps that resulted each covered an area of approximately 11,300 hectares; the maps overlapped to varying degrees.

In 2005 these 1930s maps were scanned, georeferenced, and used to digitize the corners of the individual parcels. The point features were manually digitized in ArcGIS with corners placed using the 2005 digital maps as visual guides. Each map covers a portion of the Monongahela National Forest, WV and includes latitude and longitude reference lines. On each map are the individual parcels of land drawn by draftsmen in the 1930s from the original deeds or grants. With each tract is the name of the grantee, the data of the deed or grant, the size of the tract of land (in acres), and a unique identification number that references the deed/grant from which the sketch was made.

To assign the witness trees to the correct corners, the deed survey descriptions were used to determine corner number and tree species, or other marker, defining that corner. Along with tree species, the locator number and date of deed or survey were recorded in the ArcGIS attribute file. If species was not noted for a witness tree in the deed, those witness trees were recorded at the genus level. There is duplication of corners as the deeds themselves reference adjoining parcels. For this database, duplicate points were retained if new species were included as witness trees or the survey was made 10 or more years after the first survey using the shared corner.

See Methodology Citation for more details.
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Thomas-Van Gundy, Melissa A.
Originator: Strager, Michael P.
Publication_Date: 2012
Title:
European settlement-era vegetation of the Monongahela National Forest, West Virginia
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Gen. Tech. Rep.
Issue_Identification: NRS-GTR-101
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Newtown Square, PA
Publisher: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station
Other_Citation_Details:
39 p.
Online_Linkage: https://research.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/41448
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
No process steps have been described for this data set
Process_Date: Unknown
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Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector
Point_and_Vector_Object_Information:
SDTS_Terms_Description:
SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Entity point
Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 15589
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Spatial_Reference_Information:
Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
Planar:
Map_Projection:
Map_Projection_Name: NAD 1983 UTM Zone 17N
Planar_Coordinate_Information:
Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: coordinate pair
Coordinate_Representation:
Abscissa_Resolution: 0.00000000222002416450096
Ordinate_Resolution: 0.00000000222002416450096
Planar_Distance_Units: meter
Geodetic_Model:
Horizontal_Datum_Name: D North American 1983
Ellipsoid_Name: GRS 1980
Semi-major_Axis: 6378137
Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222101
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Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
Detailed_Description:
Entity_Type:
Entity_Type_Label: corners_1752_1899_revised_052012
Entity_Type_Definition:
Witness trees found within the Monongahela National Forest (MNF) proclamation boundary from 1752 to 1899.
Entity_Type_Definition_Source:
USFS Researchers
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Shape
Attribute_Definition:
Feature geometry.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
ESRI
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain:
Coordinates defining the features.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: FID
Attribute_Definition:
Internal feature number
Attribute_Definition_Source:
ESRI
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain:
Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: X
Attribute_Definition:
UTM X coordinate
Attribute_Definition_Source:
USFS researchers
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Y
Attribute_Definition:
UTM Y coordinate
Attribute_Definition_Source:
USFS researchers
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: LOCATOR_NU
Attribute_Definition:
Unique identifier assigned in the 1930s to each parcel. This number is found on the original paper maps and on the copy of the deed on file at the Supervisors Office, Elkins, WV.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
USFS researchers
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: DATE_
Attribute_Definition:
Date of the survey or deed.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
USFS researchers
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: TREE_NUMBE
Attribute_Definition:
Number of the tree given in the deed.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
USFS researchers
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: SPECIES_1
Attribute_Definition:
Species of the first witness or corner tree given in the deed. (The species codes used in the attribute file are defined in a file included in the full data publication download)
Attribute_Definition_Source:
USFS researchers
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: SPECIES_2
Attribute_Definition:
Species of the second witness or corner tree given in the deed. (The species codes used in the attribute file are defined in a file included in the full data publication download)
Attribute_Definition_Source:
USFS researchers
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: SPECIES_3
Attribute_Definition:
Species of the third witness or corner tree given in the deed. (The species codes used in the attribute file are defined in a file included in the full data publication download)
Attribute_Definition_Source:
USFS researchers
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: SPECIES_4
Attribute_Definition:
Species of the fourth witness or corner tree given in the deed. (The species codes used in the attribute file are defined in a file included in the full data publication download)
Attribute_Definition_Source:
USFS researchers
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: SPECIES_5
Attribute_Definition:
Species of the fifth witness or corner tree given in the deed. (The species codes used in the attribute file are defined in a file included in the full data publication download)
Attribute_Definition_Source:
USFS researchers
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: SPECIES_6
Attribute_Definition:
Species of the sixth witness or corner tree given in the deed. (The species codes used in the attribute file are defined in a file included in the full data publication download)
Attribute_Definition_Source:
USFS researchers
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: TOTAL_STEM
Attribute_Definition:
Total number of trees listed in the deed for the given point.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
USFS researchers
Overview_Description:
Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
This data publication contains the files listed below.

\Data\corners_1752_1899_revised_052012.shp
A shapefile (and associated files) containing points representing witness trees (corners) for land grants within the Monongahela National Forest. Note that a point or corner could represent up to 6 trees. See the detailed section above for a list of all of the variables available in this file along with their definition.

\Data\species_codes_witness_trees_Monongahela.csv
Comma-delimited ASCII text file containing a list of all of the species names and associated codes used in the above SHP file.

\Supplements\Rectifyindex_map_north.tif
Tagged image file (TIF) and associated files (RRD, AUX, TFW, etc.) containing a location map showing the location and area covered by the individual map sheets. The base map is roughly the north half of a 1936 map of the Monongahela National Forest, WV produced by the USDA Forest Service.

\Supplements\Rectifyindex_map_south.tif
Tagged image file (TIF) and associated files (RRD, AUX, TFW, etc.) containing a location map showing the location and area covered by the individual map sheets. The base map is roughly the south half of a 1936 map of the Monongahela National Forest, WV produced by the USDA Forest Service.

\Supplements\Rectifymon_XX.tif
Tagged image files (TIF) and associated files (RRD, AUX, TFW, etc.) containing the individual map sheets referenced in the index maps. Each map covers a portion of the Monongahela National Forest, WV and includes latitude and longitude reference lines. On each map are the individual parcels of land drawn by draftsmen in the 1930s from the original deeds or grants. With each tract is the name of the grantee, the data of the deed or grant, the size of the tract of land (in acres), and a unique identification number that references the deed/grant from which the sketch was made. (XX=2-29)
Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:
None provided
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Distribution_Information:
Distributor:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: USDA Forest Service, Research and Development
Contact_Position: Research Data Archivist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 240 West Prospect Road
City: Fort Collins
State_or_Province: CO
Postal_Code: 80526
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: see Contact Instructions
Contact Instructions: This contact information was current as of September 2024. For current information see Contact Us page on: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS.
Resource_Description: RDS-2014-0022
Distribution_Liability:
Metadata documents have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness. Unless otherwise stated, all data and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. However, neither the author, the Archive, nor any part of the federal government can assure the reliability or suitability of these data for a particular purpose. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed for a user's application of these data or related materials.

The metadata, data, or related materials may be updated without notification. If a user believes errors are present in the metadata, data or related materials, please use the information in (1) Identification Information: Point of Contact, (2) Metadata Reference: Metadata Contact, or (3) Distribution Information: Distributor to notify the author or the Archive of the issues.
Standard_Order_Process:
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: SHP
Format_Version_Number: see Format Specification
Format_Specification:
ESRI ArcGIS shapefile
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2014-0022
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: ASCII
Format_Version_Number: see Format Specification
Format_Specification:
Comma-delimited ASCII text file (CSV)
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2014-0022
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: TIF
Format_Version_Number: see Format Specification
Format_Specification:
Tagged image file
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2014-0022
Fees: None
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Metadata_Reference_Information:
Metadata_Date: 20240916
Metadata_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Melissa Thomas-Van Gundy
Contact_Organization: USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station
Contact_Position: Research Forester
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing
Address: P.O. Box 404
City: Parsons
State_or_Province: WV
Postal_Code: 26287
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 304-478-2000 ext. 114
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: melissa.thomasvangundy@usda.gov
Contact Instructions: This contact information was current as of original publication date. For current information see Contact Us page on: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS.
Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Biological Data Profile of the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998
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