Models of habitat quality and connectivity for mountain lion (Puma concolor), mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), desert bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis nelsoni), black bear (Ursus americanus), and pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) on the Navajo Nation

Metadata:
Identification_Information:
Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Fleishman, Erica
Originator: Dickson, Brett G.
Originator: Anderson, Jesse J.
Publication_Date: 2015
Title:
Models of habitat quality and connectivity for mountain lion (Puma concolor), mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), desert bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis nelsoni), black bear (Ursus americanus), and pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) on the Navajo Nation
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Fort Collins, CO
Publisher: Forest Service Research Data Archive
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2015-0018
Description:
Abstract:
This data publication contains estimates of habitat quality and connectivity for mountain lion, mule deer, desert bighorn sheep, and black bear, and combined estimates of high habitat and connectivity areas for all species. The analysis area was a 236,000 square kilometers that encompassed the Navajo Nation, which includes portions of Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah. The estimates of habitat quality were created with spatially explicit habitat variables and either an expert-based linear combination process (for mountain lion and mule deer) or a generalized linear mixed model-based estimation that used radio-collar telemetry data (for desert bighorn sheep, black bear, and pronghorn; collected between 2005-2011). Habitat variables varied among species but included vegetation type, terrain ruggedness, topographic position index (TPI), road density, distance to water, population density, and major barriers to movement.
Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to estimate habitat quality and landscape permeability for mountain lion, mule deer, desert bighorn sheep, black bear and pronghorn on the Navajo Nation.
Supplemental_Information:
Original metadata date was 05/21/2015. Minor metadata updates on 12/15/2016 and 10/31/2019.
Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 2005
Ending_Date: 2011
Currentness_Reference:
Ground condition
Status:
Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned
Spatial_Domain:
Description_of_Geographic_Extent:
The Navajo Nation, which includes northeastern Arizona and small portions of Utah and New Mexico that are along the Arizona border. The analysis area also included a 100 kilometer buffer around the Navajo Nation perimeter.
Bounding_Coordinates:
West_Bounding_Coordinate: -113.050594
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -107.001529
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 38.281830
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 34.201114
Keywords:
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: biota
Theme_Keyword: environment
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: National Research & Development Taxonomy
Theme_Keyword: Wildlife (or Fauna)
Theme_Keyword: Mammals
Theme_Keyword: Habitat management
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Theme_Keyword: mountain lion
Theme_Keyword: puma
Theme_Keyword: cougar
Theme_Keyword: Puma concolor
Theme_Keyword: mule deer
Theme_Keyword: Odocoileus hemionus
Theme_Keyword: desert bighorn sheep
Theme_Keyword: Ovis canadensis nelsoni
Theme_Keyword: black bear
Theme_Keyword: Ursus americanus
Theme_Keyword: pronghorn
Theme_Keyword: Antilocapra americana
Theme_Keyword: habitat
Theme_Keyword: habitat quality
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Place_Keyword: Arizona
Place_Keyword: Utah
Place_Keyword: New Mexico
Place_Keyword: Navajo Nation
Taxonomy:
Keywords/Taxon:
Taxonomic_Keyword_Thesaurus:
None
Taxonomic_Keywords: multiple species
Taxonomic_Keywords: vertebrates
Taxonomic_System:
Classification_System/Authority:
Classification_System_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: ITIS
Publication_Date: 2015
Title:
Integrated Taxonomic Information System
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: database
Other_Citation_Details:
Retrieved [May, 11, 2015]
Online_Linkage: https://www.itis.gov
Taxonomic_Procedures:
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Kingdom
Taxon_Rank_Value: Animalia
Applicable_Common_Name: Animal
Applicable_Common_Name: animaux
Applicable_Common_Name: animals
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Subkingdom
Taxon_Rank_Value: Bilateria
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Infrakingdom
Taxon_Rank_Value: Deuterostomia
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Phylum
Taxon_Rank_Value: Chordata
Applicable_Common_Name: cordés
Applicable_Common_Name: cordado
Applicable_Common_Name: chordates
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Subphylum
Taxon_Rank_Value: Vertebrata
Applicable_Common_Name: vertebrado
Applicable_Common_Name: vertébrés
Applicable_Common_Name: vertebrates
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Infraphylum
Taxon_Rank_Value: Gnathostomata
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Superclass
Taxon_Rank_Value: Tetrapoda
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Class
Taxon_Rank_Value: Mammalia
Applicable_Common_Name: mammifères
Applicable_Common_Name: mamífero
Applicable_Common_Name: mammals
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Subclass
Taxon_Rank_Value: Theria
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Infraclass
Taxon_Rank_Value: Eutheria
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
Taxon_Rank_Value: Carnivora
Applicable_Common_Name: cachorro do mato
Applicable_Common_Name: carnívoro
Applicable_Common_Name: gato do mato
Applicable_Common_Name: lontra
Applicable_Common_Name: carnivores
Applicable_Common_Name: carnivores
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Suborder
Taxon_Rank_Value: Caniformia
Applicable_Common_Name: dog-like carnivores
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
Taxon_Rank_Value: Ursidae
Applicable_Common_Name: bears
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Ursus
Applicable_Common_Name: bears
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Ursus americanus
Applicable_Common_Name: American Black Bear
Applicable_Common_Name: black bear
Applicable_Common_Name: Oso negro
Applicable_Common_Name: ours noir
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Suborder
Taxon_Rank_Value: Feliformia
Applicable_Common_Name: cat-like carnivores
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
Taxon_Rank_Value: Felidae
Applicable_Common_Name: cats
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Subfamily
Taxon_Rank_Value: Felinae
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Puma
Applicable_Common_Name: pumas
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Puma concolor
Applicable_Common_Name: Cougar
Applicable_Common_Name: Puma
Applicable_Common_Name: Puma
Applicable_Common_Name: mountain lion
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
Taxon_Rank_Value: Artiodactyla
Applicable_Common_Name: artiodactyls
Applicable_Common_Name: porco do mato
Applicable_Common_Name: veado
Applicable_Common_Name: cloven-hoofed ungulates
Applicable_Common_Name: even-toed ungulates
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
Taxon_Rank_Value: Cervidae
Applicable_Common_Name: cervids
Applicable_Common_Name: caribou
Applicable_Common_Name: deer
Applicable_Common_Name: moose
Applicable_Common_Name: wapiti
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Subfamily
Taxon_Rank_Value: Capreolinae
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Odocoileus
Applicable_Common_Name: mule deer
Applicable_Common_Name: white-tailed deer
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Odocoileus hemionus
Applicable_Common_Name: mule deer
Applicable_Common_Name: Venado bura
Applicable_Common_Name: Mule Deer
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
Taxon_Rank_Value: Bovidae
Applicable_Common_Name: antelopes
Applicable_Common_Name: cattle
Applicable_Common_Name: goats
Applicable_Common_Name: sheep
Applicable_Common_Name: bovids
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Subfamily
Taxon_Rank_Value: Caprinae
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Ovis
Applicable_Common_Name: sheep
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Ovis canadensis
Applicable_Common_Name: bighorn sheep
Applicable_Common_Name: Borrego cimarrón
Applicable_Common_Name: Bighorn Sheep
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Subspecies
Taxon_Rank_Value: Ovis canadensis nelsoni
Applicable_Common_Name: Nelson's bighorn sheep
Applicable_Common_Name: Nelson bighorn sheep
Applicable_Common_Name: Peninsular bighorn sheep
Applicable_Common_Name: desert bighorn sheep
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
Taxon_Rank_Value: Antilocapridae
Applicable_Common_Name: pronghorns
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Antilocapra
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Antilocapra americana
Applicable_Common_Name: pronghorn
Applicable_Common_Name: Berrendo
Applicable_Common_Name: Pronghorn
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:
These data were collected using funding from the U.S. Government and can be used without additional permissions or fees. If you use these data in a publication, presentation, or other research product please use the following citation:

Fleishman, Erica; Dickson, Brett G.; Anderson, Jesse J. 2015. Models of habitat quality and connectivity for mountain lion (Puma concolor), mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), desert bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis nelsoni), black bear (Ursus americanus), and pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) on the Navajo Nation. Fort Collins, CO: Forest Service Research Data Archive. https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2015-0018
Point_of_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Erica Fleishman
Contact_Organization: University of California, Davis
Contact_Position: Researcher
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: John Muir Institute of the Environment
Address: The Barn
Address: One Shields Avenue
Address: University of California
City: Davis
State_or_Province: CA
Postal_Code: 95616
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 530-754-9167
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: efleishman@ucdavis.edu
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: erica.fleishman@gmail.com
Data_Set_Credit:
Funds for data analysis and archival were provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service via the Southern Rockies Landscape Conservation Cooperative. We also acknowledge the partnership and support of the Navajo Nation Department of Fish and Wildlife. Collection of animal locational data reflected in the data package was conducted and funded by the Arizona Game and Fish Department with Wildlife Restoration Act funds. The Wilburforce Foundation and The Grand Canyon Trust provided funds for development of analytical models for mountain lion and mule deer.
Native_Data_Set_Environment:
Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2 Version 6.1 (Build 7601) Service Pack 1; Esri ArcGIS 10.2.1.3497
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Fleishman, Erica
Originator: Anderson, Jesse J.
Originator: Dickson, Brett G.
Publication_Date: Unpublished material
Title:
Assessment of connectivity and enhancement of adaptive management capacity on Navajo Nation lands
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: report
Other_Citation_Details:
2013 Final Report, Document Number F11AC00393 (included in the full data publication download: \Supplements\F11AC00393_narrative_final.pdf)
Online_Linkage: https://southernrockieslcc.org/project/assessment-connectivity-and-enhancement-adaptive-management-capacity-navajo-nation-lands
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Dickson, Brett G.
Originator: Roemer, Gary W.
Originator: McRae, Brad H.
Originator: Rundall, Jill M.
Publication_Date: 2013
Title:
Models of regional habitat quality and connectivity for pumas (Puma concolor) in the southwestern United States
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: PLoS ONE
Issue_Identification: 8(12)): e81898
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0081898
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Data_Quality_Information:
Attribute_Accuracy:
Attribute_Accuracy_Report:
These data represent models derived from expert-assigned values, generalized linear mixed-models, or use of Circuitscape software. The results are consistent with the input data, model parameters, and methods applied.
Logical_Consistency_Report:
Data were visually assessed for correspondence with input data. Values were assessed for mathematical consistency with input data. No errors were observed or detected.
Completeness_Report:
not applicable
Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:
Several raster datasets were used in the development of these data. Uncertainty in the geographic registation in each of these data sources will contribute to the positional accuracy of the final product.
Lineage:
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Lab of Landscape Ecology and Conservation Biology, Northern Arizona University
Publication_Date: 2011
Title:
Model of habitat quality for mountain lion and mule deer
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data
Online_Linkage: https://www.grandcanyontrust.org/
Online_Linkage: https://nau.edu/CEFNS/NatSci/SESES/Research/Labs-Collections/Landscape-Ecology-and-Conservation-Biology/
Type_of_Source_Media: raster digital data
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 2005
Ending_Date: 2020
Source_Currentness_Reference:
ground condition
Source_Citation_Abbreviation:
LLECB
Source_Contribution:
Models of habitat quality for mountain lion and mule deer.
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Wildland Fire Science, Earth Resources Observation and Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey
Publication_Date: 20130331
Title:
LANDFIRE.US_120EVC
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map
Series_Information:
Series_Name: LANDFIRE existing vegetation cover
Issue_Identification: LANDFIRE 2010 (lf_1.2.0)
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Sioux Falls, SD
Publisher: Wildland Fire Science, Earth Resources Observation and Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey
Other_Citation_Details:
United States Forest Service
Online_Linkage: https://landfire.cr.usgs.gov/viewer/
Online_Linkage: https://www.landfire.gov/
Type_of_Source_Media: online
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 2010
Source_Currentness_Reference:
ground condition
Source_Citation_Abbreviation:
LANDFIRE_EVC
Source_Contribution:
This layer was used to represent percent cover of vegetation in habitat quality models for desert bighorn sheep, black bear, and pronghorn.
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Wildland Fire Science, Earth Resources Observation and Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey
Publication_Date: 20130331
Title:
LANDFIRE.US_120EVT
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map
Series_Information:
Series_Name: LANDFIRE Existing Vegetation Type
Issue_Identification: LANDFIRE 2010 (lf_1.2.0)
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Sioux Falls, SD
Publisher: Wildland Fire Science, Earth Resources Observation and Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey
Other_Citation_Details:
United States Forest Service
Online_Linkage: https://landfire.cr.usgs.gov/viewer/
Online_Linkage: https://www.landfire.gov/
Type_of_Source_Media: online
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 2010
Source_Currentness_Reference:
ground condition
Source_Citation_Abbreviation:
LANDFIRE_EVT
Source_Contribution:
This layer was used to define land cover classes in models of habitat quality for desert bighorn sheep, black bear, and pronghorn.
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Wildland Fire Science, Earth Resources Observation and Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey
Publication_Date: 20130331
Title:
LANDFIRE.US_120EVH
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map
Series_Information:
Series_Name: LANDFIRE existing vegetation height
Issue_Identification: LANDFIRE 2010 (lf_1.2.0)
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Sioux Falls, SD
Publisher: Wildland Fire Science, Earth Resources Observation and Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey
Other_Citation_Details:
United States Forest Service
Online_Linkage: https://landfire.cr.usgs.gov/viewer/
Online_Linkage: https://www.landfire.gov/
Type_of_Source_Media: online
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 2010
Source_Currentness_Reference:
ground condition
Source_Citation_Abbreviation:
LANDFIRE_EVH
Source_Contribution:
This layer was used to represent height of vegetation in models of habitat quality for desert bighorn sheep and pronghorn.
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: U.S. Geological Survey
Publication_Date: 20130331
Title:
LANDFIRE.US_DEM
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map
Series_Information:
Series_Name: NED
Issue_Identification: NED
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: USGS EROS, Sioux Falls, SD
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
Online_Linkage: https://landfire.cr.usgs.gov/viewer/
Online_Linkage: https://www.landfire.gov/
Type_of_Source_Media: online
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 2000
Ending_Date: 2015
Source_Currentness_Reference:
publication date
Source_Citation_Abbreviation:
LANDFIRE_DEM
Source_Contribution:
This layer was used to derive slope, vector ruggedness measure, topographic position index used in models of habitat quality for desert bighorn sheep and black bear.
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: U.S. Geological Survey
Publication_Date: Unknown
Title:
NHD
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Reston, VA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
Other_Citation_Details:
(USGS in cooperation with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, USDA Forest Service, and other Federal, State and local partners)
Online_Linkage: https://nhd.usgs.gov
Type_of_Source_Media: online
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 2012
Source_Currentness_Reference:
publication date
Source_Citation_Abbreviation:
NHD
Source_Contribution:
This layer was used to define perennial waters bodies used in models of habitat quality for desert bighorn sheep and pronghorn.
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Federal Highway Administration
Publication_Date: 2010
Title:
nhpn
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Washington DC
Publisher: Reasearch and Innovative Technology Administration’s Bureau of Transportation Statistics
Online_Linkage: https://maps.bts.dot.gov/
Type_of_Source_Media: online
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 2010
Source_Currentness_Reference:
publication date
Source_Citation_Abbreviation:
NHPN
Source_Contribution:
This layer was used to define barriers used in models of habitat quality for desert bighorn sheep and pronghorn.
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
These data were derived from data prepared for the Grand Canyon Trust by the LLECB. They were created by clipping the source layer to the current extent. The source layer was created by first asking five individuals with regional expertise on either species to identify a maximum of four environmental attributes that they believed to be associated strongly with habitat quality and permeability for the species in the southwestern United States. Aggregation of this information resulted in a set of seven variables for mountain lion and nine for mule deer. Environmental variables for mountain lion were existing dominant land-cover type, terrain ruggedness, topographic position, road density, presence of major barriers to movement (e.g., highways and canals), distance to perennial water, and human population density. For mule deer, the environmental variables were existing dominant land-cover type, distance to perennial water, distance to highways, percent cover of shrubs, topographic position, normalized difference vegetation index, elevation, average annual precipitation, and presence of major barriers to movement. We then integrated experts’ assessment of the extent to which each class of each environmental variable could support an individual animal on a daily basis (on a scale from 0–1000) into a weighted linear combination of all variables within a geographic information system (GIS; ArcGIS v10.0, Esri, Redlands, California). For more details on creation of the source layer please refer to the final report, which is included in the full data publication download (\Supplements\F11AC00393_narrative_final.pdf)
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation:
LLECB
Process_Date: 2014
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation:
MOUNTAIN_LION_QUALITY
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation:
MULE_DEER_QUALITY
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
We reclassified LANDFIRE_EVT into dominant vegetation types as input for models of habitat quality for desert bighorn sheep, black bear, and pronghorn. Categories varied among the three species and included shrubland / non-shrubland for desert bighorn sheep; forest, woodland, shrubland, grassland, and other for black bear; and pine-oak, pinyon-juniper, shrubland, grassland, barren, and other for pronghorn.

For more details on creation of the source layer please refer to the final report, which is included in the full data publication download (\Supplements\F11AC00393_narrative_final.pdf)
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation:
LANDFIRE_EVT
Process_Date: 2014
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation:
LAND_COVER_TYPE
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
We created topographic variables used as input for models of habitat quality for desert bighorn sheep and black bear. Slope (in degrees) was created with the Spatial Analyst extension to ArcGIS 10.2. Vector ruggedness measure (VRM) was created using the Benthic Terrain Modeler add-in for ArcGIS 10.2. A four-category topographic position index was calculated using the Land Facet Analysis toolbar for ArcGIS 10.2.
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation:
LANDFIRE_DEM
Process_Date: 2014
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation:
SLOPE
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation:
VRM
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation:
TPI
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Features representing perennial water bodies the Colorado River were extracted from the National Hydrography Dataset (NHD). Highways of two or more lanes were extracted from the National Highway Planning Network (NHPN). The features from the two layers were converted to a 300-meter raster in ArcGIS 10.2.
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation:
NHD
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation:
NHPN
Process_Date: 2014
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation:
BARRIER
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
We created habitat quality layers for desert bighorn sheep, black bear, and pronghorn on the basis of models of space-use intensity derived for each species as described in the project final report included in the full data publication download. For desert bighorn sheep, the input layers included LAND_COVER_TYPE, LANDFIRE_EVT, LANDFIRE_EVH, LANDFIRE_EVC, SLOPE, VRM, and TPI. For black bear, the input layers included LAND_COVER_TYPE, SLOPE, and LANDFIRE_EVC. Input layers for pronghorn included LAND_COVER_TYPE, LANDFIRE_EVC, and LANDFIRE_EVH. Input layers for each species were combined with a weighted-linear combination, with the parameters defined by the models of space-use intensity as weights. The values were rescaled from one to 1000. Areas that contained barriers defined by the BARRIER layer were given a value of one.
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation:
LAND_COVER_TYPE
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation:
SLOPE
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation:
TIP
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation:
VRM
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation:
BARRIER
Process_Date: 2014
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation:
BIGHORN_QUALITY
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation:
BEAR_QUALITY
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation:
PRONGHORN_QUALITY
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
We created connectivity layers for the five species with Circuitscape software (v4.0). We defined two sets of nodes; one set was the first and last row of pixels in the raster representation of the study area used in all data sets, and the other was the first and last column. We ran Circuitscape twice (once for each set of nodes) for each input habitat quality map. We rescaled each output by multiplying by the number of pixels in each node, then summed the results.
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation:
MOUNTAIN_LION_QUALITY
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation:
MULE_DEER_QUALITY
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation:
BIGHORN_QUALITY
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation:
BEAR_QUALITY
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation:
PRONGHORN_QUALITY
Process_Date: 2014
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation:
MOUNTAIN_LION_CONNECTIVITY
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation:
MULE_DEER_CONNECTIVITY
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation:
BIGHORN_CONNECTIVITY
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation:
BEAR_CONNECTIVITY
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation:
PRONGHORN_CONNECTIVITY
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
For each habitat quality and connectivity layer, we ran a focal mean filter with a radius of ten kilometers. We represented the highest quality or highest connectivity areas of each output as pixels in the top quantile of each result. We removed high quality or connectivity areas less than 100 square-kilometers. Within a ten-kilometer buffer of the Navajo Nation boundary, we tallied the number of overlapping high quality or connectivity areas among the five species.
Process_Date: 2014
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Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster
Raster_Object_Information:
Raster_Object_Type: Pixel
Row_Count: 1487
Column_Count: 1765
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Spatial_Reference_Information:
Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
Planar:
Map_Projection:
Map_Projection_Name: Transverse Mercator
Transverse_Mercator:
Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.9996
Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -111.0
Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.0
False_Easting: 500000.0
False_Northing: 0.0
Planar_Coordinate_Information:
Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: coordinate pair
Coordinate_Representation:
Abscissa_Resolution: 0.00000000222002416450096
Ordinate_Resolution: 0.00000000222002416450096
Geodetic_Model:
Horizontal_Datum_Name: D North American 1983
Ellipsoid_Name: GRS 1980
Semi-major_Axis: 6378137
Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222101
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Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
Overview_Description:
Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
Below you will find a list of the data files available in this publication, along with a description of the contents.

\Data\XXXXX_connectivity.tif:
Tag Image Files (TIF) (and associated files) containing a raster map of unitless values representing a relative index of habitat connectivity for the specified animal (XXXXX = bear, bighorn, mountain lion, mule deer, or pronghorn). Higher values indicate higher connectivity.

\Data\XXXXX_connectivity.tif.lyr:
ESRI ArcGIS 10.2 layer file (and associated files) defining appropriate color ramp and value distribution for XXXXX_connectivity.tif.

\Data\XXXXX_quality.tif:
Tag Image Files (TIF) (and associated files) containing a raster map of unitless values representing a relative index of habitat quality for the specified animal (XXXXX = bear, bighorn, mountain lion, mule deer, or pronghorn). Values range from 1 to 1000, with higher values indicating higher quality habitat.

\Data\XXXXX_quality.tif.lyr:
ESRI ArcGIS 10.2 layer file (and associated files) defining appropriate color ramp and value distribution for XXXXX_quality.tif.

\Data\high_connectivity_count.tif:
Tag Image File (TIF) (and associated files) containing a raster map with values representing the number of overlapping high connectivity areas for black bear, desert bighorn sheep, mountain lion, mule deer, and pronghorn.

\Data\high_quality_count.tif:
Tag Image File (TIF) (and associated files) containing a raster map with values representing the number of overlapping high connectivity areas for black bear, desert bighorn sheep, mountain lion, mule deer, and pronghorn.
Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:
See final report included in the full data publication download (\Supplements\F11AC00393_narrative_final.pdf).
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Distribution_Information:
Distributor:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: USDA Forest Service, Research and Development
Contact_Position: Research Data Archivist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 240 West Prospect Road
City: Fort Collins
State_or_Province: CO
Postal_Code: 80526
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: see Contact Instructions
Contact Instructions: This contact information was current as of December 2016. For current information see Contact Us page on: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS
Resource_Description: RDS-2015-0018
Distribution_Liability:
Metadata documents have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness. Unless otherwise stated, all data and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. However, neither the author, the Archive, nor any part of the federal government can assure the reliability or suitability of these data for a particular purpose. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed for a user's application of these data or related materials.

The metadata, data, or related materials may be updated without notification. If a user believes errors are present in the metadata, data or related materials, please use the information in (1) Identification Information: Point of Contact, (2) Metadata Reference: Metadata Contact, or (3) Distribution Information: Distributor to notify the author or the Archive of the issues.
Standard_Order_Process:
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: TIFF
Format_Version_Number: see Format Specification
Format_Specification:
Tagged Image File format
File_Decompression_Technique: Files zipped using 7-Zip 18.05
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2015-0018
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: TIFF.LYR
Format_Version_Number: ESRI ArcGIS 10.2
Format_Specification:
Layer file for the specified Tagged Image File (TIF) format.
File_Decompression_Technique: Files zipped using 7-Zip 18.05
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2015-0018
Fees: None
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Metadata_Reference_Information:
Metadata_Date: 20191031
Metadata_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: University of California, Davis
Contact_Person: Erica Fleishman
Contact_Position: Researcher
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: John Muir Institute of the Environment
Address: The Barn
Address: One Shields Avenue
Address: University of California
City: Davis
State_or_Province: CA
Postal_Code: 95616
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 530-754-9167
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: efleishman@ucdavis.edu
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: erica.fleishman@gmail.com
Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Biological Data Profile of the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001.1-1999
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