BeeTrees: tropical and sub-tropical nectar and pollen sources

Metadata:
Identification_Information:
Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Workman, Sarah W.
Originator: Stuthman, Joel
Publication_Date: 2015
Title:
BeeTrees: tropical and sub-tropical nectar and pollen sources
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Fort Collins, CO
Publisher: Forest Service Research Data Archive
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2015-0020
Description:
Abstract:
BeeTrees is a data set that contains information about tropical and sub-tropical trees utilized by bees for nectar and pollen sources. There are over 500 trees included in this data set, which has been compiled from global literature references. Many are confirmed from in-situ observations by the author. This is not an exhaustive list of trees visited by bees or used by them for food, although the information contained here will be of assistance to foresters, horticulturalists and others interested in native trees and/or trees useful to bees.

Data found in this data set provide descriptive characteristics of trees and shrubs valued for provision of food sources for honey bees and other bees or pollinators in tropical and sub-tropical ecological zones. Parameters of the data include genus and species, common local name, precipitation and evelvation ranges along with a geographical area of occurrence and brief habitat description. The data are delimited by the growth habit of the plants to include only plants that have a woody and at least semi-perennial growth. The plant scientific names included in the original text of the literature are updated to match current accepted taxonomy nomenclature (2015) in the BeeTrees database.
Purpose:
These data can be used to help decision makers identify trees that may be useful in reforestation, landscaping and restoration projects in sub-tropical and tropical regions of the world. It is a contribution to conservation efforts focused on native flora, on honey bees and other types of bees valued for their roles as pollinators, and on tropical fruit and nectar trees. Literature searches to compile information began in 1997 in support of agroforestry projects and partners working with the International Technology Transfer Program of the USDA National Agroforestry Center, Lincoln, Nebraska, the US Forest Service International Programs and the USAID Global Bureau. Additional material was added with occasion of other forestry projects undertaken by the primary author (e.g. Hurricane Mitch Reconstruction; TSTAR-Caribbean).
Supplemental_Information:
Original metadata date was 05/28/2015. Minor metadata updates on 12/15/2016.
Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 1953
Ending_Date: 2014
Currentness_Reference:
ground condition
Status:
Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned
Spatial_Domain:
Description_of_Geographic_Extent:
Tropical and sub-tropical zones worldwide (Africa, Asia, Caribbean, Central America, Mediterranean, North America, Oceania, South America).
Bounding_Coordinates:
West_Bounding_Coordinate: 179.99999
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -180
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 35
South_Bounding_Coordinate: -35
Keywords:
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: farming
Theme_Keyword: biota
Theme_Keyword: environment
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: National Research & Development Taxonomy
Theme_Keyword: Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment
Theme_Keyword: Ecology
Theme_Keyword: Forest & Plant Health
Theme_Keyword: Insects
Theme_Keyword: Wildlife (or Fauna)
Theme_Keyword: Habitat management
Theme_Keyword: Forest Products
Theme_Keyword: Non-wood forest products
Theme_Keyword: Natural Resource Management & Use
Theme_Keyword: Agroforestry
Theme_Keyword: Conservation
Theme_Keyword: Restoration
Theme_Keyword: Ecosystem services
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Theme_Keyword: pollen sources
Theme_Keyword: nectar
Theme_Keyword: honey bees
Theme_Keyword: forestry
Theme_Keyword: native flora
Theme_Keyword: reforestation
Theme_Keyword: landscaping
Theme_Keyword: horticulture
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Place_Keyword: world tropical and sub-tropical zones
Place_Keyword: tropical
Place_Keyword: sub-tropical
Place_Keyword: world
Place_Keyword: Africa
Place_Keyword: Asia
Place_Keyword: Central America
Place_Keyword: Caribbean
Place_Keyword: Mediterranean
Place_Keyword: North America
Place_Keyword: South America
Place_Keyword: Oceania
Place_Keyword: Yucatan
Taxonomy:
Keywords/Taxon:
Taxonomic_Keyword_Thesaurus:
None
Taxonomic_Keywords: plants
Taxonomic_System:
Classification_System/Authority:
Classification_System_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: ITIS
Publication_Date: 2015
Title:
Integrated Taxonomic Information System
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: database
Other_Citation_Details:
Retrieved [May, 15, 2015]
Online_Linkage: https://www.itis.gov
Taxonomic_Procedures:
Taxonomic_Completeness:
Taxonomy list is complete and up to date on current scientific names (October 30, 2014).
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Kingdom
Taxon_Rank_Value: Animalia
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Subkingdom
Taxon_Rank_Value: Bilateria
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Infrakingdom
Taxon_Rank_Value: Protostomia
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Superphylum
Taxon_Rank_Value: Ecdysozoa
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Phylum
Taxon_Rank_Value: Arthropoda
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Subphylum
Taxon_Rank_Value: Hexapoda
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Class
Taxon_Rank_Value: Insecta
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Subclass
Taxon_Rank_Value: Pterygota
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Infraclass
Taxon_Rank_Value: Neoptera
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Superorder
Taxon_Rank_Value: Holometabola
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
Taxon_Rank_Value: Hymenoptera
Applicable_Common_Name: bees
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:
These data were collected using funding from the U.S. Government and can be used without additional permissions or fees. If you use these data in a publication, presentation, or other research product please use the citation below when citing the data product:

Workman, Sarah W.; Stuthman, Joel. 2015. BeeTrees: tropical and sub-tropical nectar and pollen sources. Fort Collins, CO: Forest Service Research Data Archive. https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2015-0020
Data_Set_Credit:
These data were gathered with funding support from the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) and USDA Forest Service (USFS). Support also provided by the USDA National Agroforestry Center (NAC), USFS International Programs, and USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station (SRS). See the methodology citations for a list of sources from which these data were obtained.
Back to Top
Data_Quality_Information:
Attribute_Accuracy:
Attribute_Accuracy_Report:
There are a number of ecological life zone classification systems based on climatic similarities, e.g. Köppen Climate Zones and Holdridge Life Zones. Many scientists consider classification by Global Ecozones as outlined by the Biosphere Project as representative of combined precipitation, altitude and temperature regimes (see https://iridl.ldeo.columbia.edu/SOURCES/.ECOSYSTEMS/.Holdridge/.present/.life-zone/).

Leemans, Rik, 1990. Global data sets collected and compiled by the Biosphere Project, Working Paper, IIASA-Laxenburg, Austria: International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis.

Leemans, Rik. 1991. The IIASA database for mean monthly values of temperature, precipitation, and cloudiness on a global terrestrial grid. Laxenburg, Austria: International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis.

McKnight, Tom L; Hess, Darrel. 2000. "Climate Zones and Types". Physical Geography: A Landscape Appreciation. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-020263-0.
Logical_Consistency_Report:
not applicable
Completeness_Report:
The data represent infomation compiled from peer reviewed and other scientific literature and are complete as far as facts appearing in the published material. Parameters for some categories may be missing for individual entries and reflect the information contained in the publication(s) cited.
Lineage:
Methodology:
Methodology_Type: Lab
Methodology_Description:
The methodology citation section below contains a list of the citations used to collect these data. All references are labelled with an Aref = 1-63 (see the Other Citation Details section of each citation). We have also included the citations for two additional publications referenced above.

Extensive literature searches began in 1997 to find information focused on plants used by honey bees in tropical and sub-tropical areas. All publications cited were found through use of Agricola and CAB Abstracts using focused keyword searches related to apiculture-bees-nectar sources and tropical and sub-tropical trees. Library resources and publications obtained, including foreign language sources, were evaluated to determine if they provided data relevant to ‘bee fodder’, the BeeTrees theme. The initial work was undertaken to support agroforestry projects and efforts by USDA-USAID partner groups. Data was added over time as new projects and areas of interest were encountered and communities engaged in activities. Indications about tree use by bees for pollen, nectar or otherwise are taken mainly from the literature, with some from supplemental observations in the field. The majority of data entries have been confirmed by more than one literature citation and many have been observed or worked with in the field by the primary author and/or partner groups.

Below is a description of some of the classifications used when gathering data.

PRECIPITATION ZONES (approximations based on annual precipitation):
Humid =>2000 millimeters (mm),
subHumid between 1000 and 2000 mm,
semiarid with 500 to 1000 mm, and
arid <500 mm annual precipitation.

ELEVATION (Lowland or Montane):
These zones are primarily classified by a combination of elevation and air temperature, with the critical temperature division between montane and lowlands being 18 °Celsius (C). The influence of evapotranspiration is also a factor. The elevation habitat zone assigned for a particular tree derives from these factors as they interact in the tree species’ local area. A wetland in low topography that is forested is indicated as a swamp habitat or a swamp forest and shrub swamps also exist. Swamps can be inundated with fresh, brachish or seawater and both forest and shrub swamps are often found along rivers or adjacent to lakes.

*CLIMATIC ZONE:
Tropical climates are characterized by constant high temperatures (at sea level and low elevations) with 12 months having average temperatures of 18 °C (64 °Fahrenheit [F]) or higher. Latitudes between 23.5 degrees north and south of the Equator are classified as tropical zones.

Subtropical climates have average temperatures above 10 °C (50 °F) during the warmest months and between −3 and 18 °C (27 to 64 °F) as their coldest month average. Subtropical climate zones are the result of interacting latitude, altitude, precipitation and temperature, as described above for altitudinal belts.

Dry-summer subtropical or Mediterranean climates are usually on the western sides of continents between 30° and 45° latitude.

Humid subtropical climates are usually on the eastern sides of continents or eastern coasts, primarily in high 20s and 30s latitudes.

*There are a number of ecological life zone classification systems based on climatic similarities, e.g. Köppen Climate Classification and Holdridge Life Zones (McKnight & Hess 2000). Many scientists consider classification by Global Ecozones as outlined by the Biosphere Project as representative of combined precipitation, altitude and temperature regimes (Leemans 1990).
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Abdelhamid, E.G.
Originator: Kechaou, M.
Originator: Triki, M.
Publication_Date: 1984
Title:
The effect of pollination by bees on yield increase in the almond tree collection at Et-taus, Sfax
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Options Méditerranéennes
Issue_Identification: 2:165-175
Other_Citation_Details:
Aref=60
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Allan, Dr. P.
Publication_Date: 1963
Title:
Pollination of Papaws
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Farming in South Africa
Issue_Identification: 38(11); February 1963:13-15
Other_Citation_Details:
Aref=28
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Aronson, James
Originator: Toledo, Carlos Saravia
Publication_Date: 1992
Title:
Caesalpinia paraguariensis (Fabaceae): Forage Tree for all Seasons
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Economic Botany
Issue_Identification: 46(2):121-132
Other_Citation_Details:
Aref=43
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Atwal, A.S.
Originator: Bains, S.S.
Originator: Singh, Balraj
Publication_Date: 1970
Title:
Bee Flora for Four Species of Apis at Ludhiana
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Indian Journal of Entomology
Issue_Identification: 32(4):330–334
Other_Citation_Details:
Aref=16
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Baker, H.G.
Publication_Date: 1976
Title:
Mistake Pollination as a Reproductive System with Special Reference to the Cariaceae
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Linnean Society Symposium
Issue_Identification: 2:161-169
Other_Citation_Details:
Aref=45
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Budowski, Gerardo
Originator: Russo, Ricardo O.
Publication_Date: 1993
Title:
Live Fence Posts in Costa Rica: A Compilation of the Farmer's Beliefs and Technologies
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture
Issue_Identification: 3(2):65-87
Other_Citation_Details:
Aref=44
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Chapman, G.P.
Publication_Date: 1964
Title:
Urediospore Collections by Honey Bees from Puccinia psidii
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Annals of the Entomological Society of America
Issue_Identification: 57:264
Other_Citation_Details:
Aref=24
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Chemas, A.
Originator: Rico-Gray, V.
Publication_Date: 1991
Title:
Apiculture and Management of Associated Vegetation by the Maya of Tixcacaltuyub, Yucatan, Mexico
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Agroforestry Systems
Issue_Identification: 13:13-25
Other_Citation_Details:
Aref=41
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Chen, Su-Hwa
Originator: Shen, Chi
Publication_Date: 1990
Title:
An Ultrastructural Study of Formosan Honey Pollen
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Taiwania
Issue_Identification: 35(4):221-239
Other_Citation_Details:
Aref=51
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Crane, Eva
Originator: Walker, P.
Originator: Day, R.
Publication_Date: 1984
Title:
Directory of important world honey sources
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: London
Publisher: International Bee Research Association
Other_Citation_Details:
Aref=35; 384 p.
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Crane, Eva (Editor)
Publication_Date: 1975
Title:
Honey: A Comprehensive Survey
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: London
Publisher: Heinemann
Other_Citation_Details:
Aref=29; Appendix 2. Pages 55-76
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Crane, Eva
Publication_Date: 1973
Title:
Honey Sources in Some Tropical and Subtropical Countries
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Bee World
Issue_Identification: 54(4):177-185
Other_Citation_Details:
Aref=21
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Fisher Honey Bees
Publication_Date: 2013
Title:
Florida Nectar Plants
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: website
Other_Citation_Details:
Aref=56; Accessed November 2013 (with additions via personal communication by W.H. Kern, University of Florida)
Online_Linkage: www.fisherhoneybees.com/nectarf.ows.html
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Garden Guides
Publication_Date: 2013
Title:
Florida Plants for Honeybees, Garden Guides
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: website
Other_Citation_Details:
Aref=55; Accessed November 2013
Online_Linkage: //www.gardenguides.com/99453-florida-plants-honeybees.html#ixzz1f72sEaXV
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Frankie, G.W.
Publication_Date: 1976
Title:
Pollination of Widely Dispersed Trees by Animals in Central America, with an Emphasis on Bee Pollination Systems
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document
Other_Citation_Details:
Aref=33; In Burley, J. and Styles, B.T. (eds). Variation, Breeding and Tropical Conservation of Tropical Forest Trees. Vol 2:151-159 (London, Academic Press).
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Free, J.B.
Originator: Raw, A.
Originator: Williams, I.H.
Publication_Date: 1975
Title:
Pollination of coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) in Jamaica by honeybees and wasps
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Applied Animal Ethology
Issue_Identification: 1:213-223
Other_Citation_Details:
Aref=62
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Yucatan Field Office
Originator: Haggar, J. (Coordinator)
Originator: World Agroforestry Centre
Publication_Date: 1988
Title:
ICRAF_Mexico
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: personal communication
Other_Citation_Details:
Aref=63; Also see Agroforestree database: a tree species reference and selection guide (2009). https://www.worldagroforestry.org/resources/databases/agroforestree
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Jay, S.C.
Publication_Date: 1974
Title:
Nectar and Pollen Collection by Honeybees from Coconut Flowers
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Bee World
Issue_Identification: 55(1):105-111
Other_Citation_Details:
Aref=22
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Jones, K.D.
Publication_Date: 1995
Title:
Native Trees for Community Forests: A Guide to Landscaping with the Native Trees of St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: book
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands
Publisher: St. George Village Botanical Garden, Inc.
Other_Citation_Details:
Aref=65; 124 p.
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Kapil, R.P.
Publication_Date: 1957
Title:
The Length of Life and the Brood-Rearing Cycle of the Indian Bee
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Bee World
Issue_Identification: 38(10):258-263
Other_Citation_Details:
Aref=37
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Kent, Robert B.
Publication_Date: 1976
Title:
Beekeeping Regions and the Beekeeping Industry in Colombia
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Bee World
Issue_Identification: 57(3):151-158
Other_Citation_Details:
Aref=34
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: McGregor, S.E.
Publication_Date: 1976
Title:
Insect Pollination of Cultivated Crop Plants
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Agricultural Research Service
Issue_Identification: No. 19. Tung p 364
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Washington D.C.
Publisher: United States Department of Agriculture
Other_Citation_Details:
Aref=19
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: McGregor, S.E.
Publication_Date: 1976
Title:
Insect Pollination of Cultivated Crop Plants
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Agricultural Research Service
Issue_Identification: No. 20. Jujube, Tsao or Chinese date p 23
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Washington D.C.
Publisher: United States Department of Agriculture
Other_Citation_Details:
Aref=20
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: McGregor, S.E.
Publication_Date: 1976
Title:
Insect Pollination of Cultivated Crop Plants
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Agricultural Research Service
Issue_Identification: No. 25. Quince p 312
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Washington D.C.
Publisher: United States Department of Agriculture
Other_Citation_Details:
Aref=25
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: McGregor, S.E.
Publication_Date: 1976
Title:
Insect Pollination of Cultivated Crop Plants
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Agricultural Research Service
Issue_Identification: No. 47. Olive p 267
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Washington D.C.
Publisher: United States Department of Agriculture
Other_Citation_Details:
Aref=47
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: McGregor, S.E.
Publication_Date: 1976
Title:
Insect Pollination of Cultivated Crop Plants
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Agricultural Research Service
Issue_Identification: No. 1 Avocado p 93; 2 Pimento or Allspice p 299; 3 Papaya p 274; 4 Nutmeg and Mace p 263; 5 Mango p 254; 6 Macadamia p 251; 7 Guava p 230; 8 Feijoa p 216; 9 Coffee p 162; 10 Coconut p 159; 11 Clove p 157; 12 Cashew p 130; 13 Cacao p 122; 14 Litchi or Lychee p 247; 15 Loquat p 249.
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Washington D.C.
Publisher: United States Department of Agriculture
Other_Citation_Details:
Aref=1 to 15
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Miller, Janet K.
Publication_Date: 1984
Title:
Secondary Products of Species Native to the Dinderesso National Forest
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Forestry Education and Development Project
Issue_Identification: USAID No. 686-0235
Other_Citation_Details:
Aref=58; USAID/Burkina Faso. USDA/OICD/TAD/W Secretary General, MET.
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Mori, Scott A.
Originator: Kallunki, Jacquelyn A.
Publication_Date: 1976
Title:
Phenology and Floral Biology of Gustavia superba (Lecythidaceae) in Central Panama
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Biotropica
Issue_Identification: 8(3):184-192
Other_Citation_Details:
Aref=49
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Murali, K.S.
Publication_Date: 199308
Title:
Differential Reproductive Success in Cassia fistula in Different Habitats - a Case of Pollinator Limitation
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Current Science
Issue_Identification: 65(10):270-272
Other_Citation_Details:
Aref=38
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Muthana, K.D.
Publication_Date: 198806
Title:
Technology for Propagation and by-products Utilization of Prosopis chilensis
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Indian Farming
Issue_Identification: 38(3):11-13, 21
Other_Citation_Details:
Aref=39
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Muttoo, R.N.
Publication_Date: 195607
Title:
Facts about Beekeeping in India
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Bee World
Issue_Identification: 37(7):125-133
Other_Citation_Details:
Aref=23
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Nishida, Toshiyuki
Publication_Date: 195804
Title:
Pollination of the Passion Fruit in Hawaii
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Journal of Economic Entomology
Issue_Identification: 51(2):146-149
Other_Citation_Details:
Aref=31
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Pandey, R.S.
Publication_Date: 1974
Title:
Honey Collection in Relation to Migration Schedules of Wild Honey Bees in U.P. (India)
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: American Bee Journal
Issue_Identification: 114(10):379
Other_Citation_Details:
Aref=17
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Percival, Mary
Publication_Date: 1973
Title:
Floral Ecology of Coastal Scrub in Southeast Jamaica
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Biotropica
Issue_Identification: 6(2):104-129
Other_Citation_Details:
Aref=50
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Prinsen, J.H.
Publication_Date: 198606
Title:
Potential of Albizia lebbeck (Mimosaceae) as a Tropical Fodder Tree: A Review of Literature
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Tropical Grasslands
Issue_Identification: 20(2):79-83
Other_Citation_Details:
Aref=42
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Quesnel, Victor C.
Originator: Ferrell, T. Francis
Publication_Date: 2000
Title:
Native Trees of Trinidad and Tobago
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Trinidad and Tobago Field Naturalists' Club
Issue_Identification:
Other_Citation_Details:
Aref=57; 156 p.
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Ramanujam, C.G.K.
Originator: Kalpana, T.P.
Publication_Date: 1992
Title:
Tamarindus indica: an important forage plant for Apis florea F. in south central India
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Apidologie
Issue_Identification: 23(5):403-413
Other_Citation_Details:
Aref=59
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Rico-Gray, V.
Originator: Chemas, A.
Originator: Mandujano, S.
Publication_Date: 1991
Title:
Uses of Tropical Deciduous Forest Species by the Yucatan Maya
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Agroforestry Systems
Issue_Identification: 14:149-161
Other_Citation_Details:
Aref=46
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Roberts, Edward
Publication_Date: 1971
Title:
A Survey of Beekeeping in Uganda
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Bee World
Issue_Identification: 52(2):57-66
Other_Citation_Details:
Aref=26
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Ruggiero, C.
Originator: Lam-Sanchez, A.
Publication_Date: 197610
Title:
Studies on Natural and Controlled Pollination in Yellow Passion Fruit (Passiflora edulis F. flavicarpa (Deg.)
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Acta Hortica
Issue_Identification: 57
Other_Citation_Details:
Aref=18
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Sagwal, S.S.
Publication_Date: 198406
Title:
Silver Oak A Tree of Many Uses
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Indian Farming
Issue_Identification: June 1984: 29-32
Other_Citation_Details:
Aref=40
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Salas Estrada, Juan B.
Publication_Date: 1993
Title:
Áboles de Nicaragua
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: book
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Managua, Nicaragua
Publisher: Instituto Nicaragũense de Recursos Naturales y del Ambiente, IRENA
Other_Citation_Details:
Aref=54; 390 p.
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Sanborn, C.E.
Publication_Date: 1908
Title:
Texas Honey Plants
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Texas Agricultural Experimental Stations
Issue_Identification: Bulletin No. 102
Other_Citation_Details:
Aref=36; 31 p.
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Shigeura, Gordon T.
Originator: Lee, James
Originator: Silva, James A.
Publication_Date: 1970
Title:
The Role of Honey Bees in Macadamia Nut (Macadamia integrifolia v. Maiden & Betche) Production in Hawaii
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Journal of the American Society of Horticultural Science
Issue_Identification: 95(5):544-546
Other_Citation_Details:
Aref=30
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Sholdt, L.L.
Originator: Mitchell, W.A.
Publication_Date: 1966
Title:
The Pollination of Cocos nucifera L. in Hawaii
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Tropical Agriculture of Trinidad
Issue_Identification: 44(2):133-142
Other_Citation_Details:
Aref=32
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Singh, M.P.
Publication_Date: 1984
Title:
Studies on the activity of some insect pollinators on jujube (Zizyphus mauritiana Lamk.)
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Entomon
Issue_Identification: 9(3):177-180
Other_Citation_Details:
Aref=61
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Smith, F.G.
Publication_Date: 1960
Title:
Beekeeping in the Tropics
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: book
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: London, UK
Publisher: Longmans
Other_Citation_Details:
Aref=27; 265 p. (see Bee Forage, Chapter VI)
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Tajuddin, Ismail
Publication_Date: 1984
Title:
Integration of Animals in Rubber Plantations
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Agroforestry Systems
Issue_Identification: 4:55-66
Other_Citation_Details:
Aref=48
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Tybirk, Knud
Publication_Date: 1989
Title:
Flowering, Pollination and Seed Production of Acacia nilotica
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Nordic Journal of Botany
Issue_Identification: 9:375-381
Other_Citation_Details:
Aref=52
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Workman, Susan W.
Publication_Date: Unpublished material
Title:
Conversations with bee keepers on St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands (2000-2015)
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: personal observation
Other_Citation_Details:
Aref=66
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: World Agroforestry Centre
Publication_Date: Unpublished material
Title:
Agroforestree Database: Southeast Asia Region, Resources
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: database
Other_Citation_Details:
Aref=64; Accessed online 20 May 2015
Online_Linkage: https://www.worldagroforestry.org/resources/databases/agroforestree
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Yarkhlef, A.
Publication_Date: 1986
Title:
Effects of insect pollination on production in almond (Prunus amygdalus Batsch.) pear (Pyrus communis L.) and apple (Malus pumila Mill.)
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Annales de l'Institut National Agronomique (El Harach)
Issue_Identification: 10(2):115-131
Other_Citation_Details:
Aref=53
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Leemans, Rik
Publication_Date: 1990
Title:
Global data sets collected and compiled by the Biosphere Project
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Working Paper
Issue_Identification:
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Austria
Publisher: IIASA-Laxenburg
Other_Citation_Details:
Aref=geo
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: McKnight, Tom L.
Originator: Hess, Darrel
Publication_Date: 2000
Title:
"Climate Zones and Types". Physical Geography: A Landscape Appreciation
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: book chapter
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Upper Saddle River, NJ
Publisher: Prentice Hall
Other_Citation_Details:
Aref=geo; ISBN 0-13-020263-0
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
During the archiving process we discovered that many of the scientific names for the trees were no longer accepted. Many had new accepted names or synonyms that were more commonly used. Therefore two additional variables were added to these data. The first variable is the new accepted name or synonym for the species (or we left the original scientific name if there was no change), and the second describes the website/entity where the new name was obtained.
Process_Date: 201505
Back to Top
Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
Overview_Description:
Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
Below you will find the data set available in this download and a short description of its contents.

\Data\BeeTrees.csv: comma-delimited ASCII text file containing information about tropical and sub-tropical trees utilized by bees for nectar and pollen sources.

GENUS / SPECIES = Scientific name of tree (genus and species).

2015 ACCEPTED GENUS / SPECIES = Synonym or accepted scientific name of tree used as of May 2015 (genus and species). If there was no change, then the original scientific name was provided.

NAME INFO = Description of where the synonym or new accepted scientific name of tree was obtained, and where the full taxonomy can be found. (Blank means there was no change, ITIS.gov=https://www.itis.gov/, catalogueoflife.org=//www.catalogueoflife.org, florabase= https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/, GBIF.org=//www.gbif.org, theplantlist.org=//www.theplantlist.org).

Aref = Number reference to literature citation (see methodology citations, where sources are assigned an Aref number).

COMMON NAME = Locally recognized name of tree.

P = An X in this column indicates tree serves as a source of pollen (P).

N = An X in this column indicates tree serves as a source of nectar (N).

H = An X in this column indicates tree serves as a source of honey (H).

PRECIP = Precipitation zone, based on millimeters (mm) of annual precip (where H=Humid (≥2000 mm); sH=subHumid (1000 to 2000 mm); sA=semiArid(500 to 1000 mm); A=Arid (<500 mm)).

ELEVATION = Lowland, montane, or swamp habitat based primarily on altitude.

GEOGRAP = Location by Geographic Region (Africa=Africa, Asia=Asia, CA=Central America, Carib=Caribbean, Med=Mediterranean, NA=North America, SA=South America, Ocean=Oceania, Yucatan=Yucatan).

ZONE = Latitudinal Climatic Zone (T=tropical; subT=subtropical).

HABITAT = Brief description of habitat and location. (Descriptions for acronyms and other special characters used: mm = millimeters, m = meters, N = north, NOR = north, S = south, E = east, SE = southeast, S.E. = southeast, W = west, Lat = latitude, Long = longitude, Lon = longitude, deg = degrees, dg = degrees elv = elevation, av = average, aver = average, max = maximum, " = inches, ' = feet, trop = tropical, Amer = America, Am = America, Caribb = Caribbean, Cent = central, Jan = January, Mar = March, C = Celcius).
Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:
None provided
Back to Top
Distribution_Information:
Distributor:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: USDA Forest Service, Research and Development
Contact_Position: Research Data Archivist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 240 West Prospect Road
City: Fort Collins
State_or_Province: CO
Postal_Code: 80526
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: see Contact Instructions
Contact Instructions: This contact information was current as of December 2016. For current information see Contact Us page on: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS.
Resource_Description: RDS-2015-0020
Distribution_Liability:
Metadata documents have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness. Unless otherwise stated, all data and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. However, neither the author, the Archive, nor any part of the federal government can assure the reliability or suitability of these data for a particular purpose. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed for a user's application of these data or related materials.

The metadata, data, or related materials may be updated without notification. If a user believes errors are present in the metadata, data or related materials, please use the information in (1) Identification Information: Point of Contact, (2) Metadata Reference: Metadata Contact, or (3) Distribution Information: Distributor to notify the author or the Archive of the issues.
Standard_Order_Process:
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: ASCII
Format_Version_Number: see Format Specification
Format_Specification:
Comma-delimited ASCII text file (CSV)
File_Decompression_Technique: Files zipped with Winzip 14.0
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2015-0020
Fees: None
Back to Top
Metadata_Reference_Information:
Metadata_Date: 20161215
Metadata_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Sarah W. Workman
Contact_Organization: USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment Center
Contact_Position: Extension and Technology Transfer Specialist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 200 W.T. Weaver Blvd.
City: Asheville
State_or_Province: NC
Postal_Code: 28804
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 828-257-4887
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sarahwworkman@fs.fed.us
Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Biological Data Profile of the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001.1-1999
Back to Top