Daily air temperature data, recorded by NWS thermometer, from climate station 01 at Coweeta Hydrologic Lab, North Carolina

Metadata:
Identification_Information:
Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Miniat, Chelcy Ford
Originator: Laseter, Stephanie H.
Originator: Swank, Wayne T.
Originator: Swift, Lloyd W. Jr.
Publication_Date: 2015
Title:
Daily air temperature data, recorded by NWS thermometer, from climate station 01 at Coweeta Hydrologic Lab, North Carolina
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Fort Collins, CO
Publisher: Forest Service Research Data Archive
Other_Citation_Details:
Updated 03 March 2022
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2015-0049
Description:
Abstract:
This dataset contains 1935-2021 daily air temperature recorded by the National Weather Service maximum/minimum thermometers at the main climate station (CS01) at Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory in Macon County, North Carolina, USA. The station is operated by the Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, but is also a cooperative station with the National Weather Service.
Purpose:
The Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory was established in 1934 and is world-renowned for its research in forest hydrology. Coweeta was established to determine the fundamental effects of forest management on soil and water resources and to serve as a testing ground for theories in forest hydrology. To facilitate this, a network of climate and precipitation stations was established across the site. The research program has since expanded its focus to encompass watershed ecosystem science. The original climate and precipitation network continues to facilitate these studies and serves as the foundation of the long-term data record.
Supplemental_Information:
Original metadata date 12/07/2015. On 01/19/2016 data updated to include measurements through 2015. Minor metadata updates on 12/15/2016. On 02/28/2017 data updated to include measurements through 2016. On 02/13/2018 data updated to include measurements through 2017, and on 02/13/2019 data through 2018 were added. Additional minor metadata updates were made on 09/06/2019. On 01/27/2020 data were updated to include 2019 measurements. On 03/02/2021 data for 2020 were added. Data for 2021 were added on 03/03/2022.

For more information about Coweeta: https://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/coweeta/research/lter/.
Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 19350501
Ending_Date: 20211231
Currentness_Reference:
Ground condition
Status:
Progress: Planned
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As needed
Spatial_Domain:
Description_of_Geographic_Extent:
Coweeta Hydrologic Lab in the Coweeta Basin consists of 1,626 hectares in Macon County, North Carolina, USA. Since May 1963 this station has been located in a grassy field northwest of the junction of Ball Creek and Shope Fork of Coweeta Creek. Previously CS01 was located about 100 meters southwest of its current location. The current elevation is 685.5 meters (2249 feet) above sea level at latitude 35-3-37.21 North and longitude 83-25-49.02 West. During the 1940s, forest re-growth was tolerated up to 150 feet from the station. In August 1949, the larger opening was reestablished.
Bounding_Coordinates:
West_Bounding_Coordinate: -83.47845
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -83.42166
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 35.07382
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 35.02734
Bounding_Altitudes:
Altitude_Minimum: 685
Altitude_Maximum: 1389
Altitude_Distance_Units: meters
Keywords:
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere
Theme_Keyword: environment
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: National Research & Development Taxonomy
Theme_Keyword: Climate change
Theme_Keyword: Climate change effects
Theme_Keyword: Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment
Theme_Keyword: Forest & Plant Health
Theme_Keyword: Climate effects
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Theme_Keyword: climate
Theme_Keyword: temperature
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Place_Keyword: Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory
Place_Keyword: Coweeta Lab
Place_Keyword: North Carolina
Place_Keyword: Macon County
Place_Keyword: southern Appalachians
Place_Keyword: Coweeta Basin
Place_Keyword: NCDC Coop ID 31202
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:
These data were collected using funding from the U.S. Government and can be used without additional permissions or fees. If you use these data in a publication, presentation, or other research product please use the following citation:

Miniat, Chelcy Ford; Laseter, Stephanie H.; Swank, Wayne T.; Swift, Lloyd W. Jr. 2015. Daily air temperature data, recorded by NWS thermometer, from climate station 01 at Coweeta Hydrologic Lab, North Carolina. Fort Collins, CO: Forest Service Research Data Archive. Updated 03 March 2022. https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2015-0049

* We also encourage data users to contact the Coweeta Project Leader (via the Metadata Contact below) for a review of manuscripts that use any of these Coweeta data.
Browse_Graphic:
Browse_Graphic_File_Name: \Supplements\CoweetaBasinMap.pdf
Browse_Graphic_File_Description:
Adobe Acrobat PDF file containing a contour map of the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory showing the location of the climate stations, rain gages, and weirs.
Browse_Graphic_File_Type: PDF
Data_Set_Credit:
Funding for these data was provided by the USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station (SRS).

We acknowledge the support of many individuals, past and present, including James Vose, Charlie L. Shope, Charles Swafford, Neville Buchanan, Bryant Cunningham, B. Bruce McCoy, Chuck Marshall, Mark Crawford, and Julie Moore.
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Ford, Chelcy R.
Originator: Laseter, Stephanie H.
Originator: Swank, Wayne T.
Originator: Vose, James M.
Publication_Date: 2011
Title:
Can forest management be used to sustain water-based ecosystem services in the face of climate change?
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Ecological Applications
Issue_Identification: 21: 2049-2067
Online_Linkage: https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/38726
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1890/10-2246.1
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Laseter, Stephanie H.
Originator: Ford, Chelcy R.
Originator: Vose, James M.
Originator: Swift, Lloyd W. Jr.
Publication_Date: 2012
Title:
Long-term temperature and precipitation trends at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, Otto, North Carolina, USA
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Hydrology Research
Issue_Identification: 43(6): 890-901
Online_Linkage: https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/42197
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.2166/nh.2012.067
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Swift, Lloyd W. Jr.
Originator: Cunningham, G. B.
Originator: Douglass, J. E.
Publication_Date: 1988
Title:
Chapter 3. Climatology and hydrology
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: book chapter
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Ecological Studies
Issue_Identification: 66
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: New York
Publisher: Springer-Verlag
Other_Citation_Details:
In: Forest Hydrology and Ecology at Coweeta (W. T. Swank & D. A. Crossley Jr., eds)
Online_Linkage: https://coweeta.uga.edu/publications/425_3.pdf
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Miniat, Chelcy Ford
Originator: Laseter, Stephanie H.
Originator: Swank, Wayne T.
Originator: Swift, Lloyd W. Jr.
Publication_Date: 2015
Title:
Daily air temperature, relative humidity, vapor pressure, PPFD, wind speed and direction for climate stations at the Coweeta Hydrologic Lab, North Carolina
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Fort Collins, CO
Publisher: Forest Service Research Data Archive
Other_Citation_Details:
Updated 02 March 2021
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2015-0042
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Data_Quality_Information:
Attribute_Accuracy:
Attribute_Accuracy_Report:
Graduations: 1°Fahrenheit (F), 0.5°Celsius (C)
Accuracy: ± 0.2°C above 0°C
Logical_Consistency_Report:
Standard checks were done to ensure that maximum temperature measurements were larger than minimum temperatures. Thermometers were changed when any cracks, chips or mercury breaks were noted.
Completeness_Report:
Missing data are recorded as blank values. Any zeros in the data are actual measurements.
Lineage:
Methodology:
Methodology_Type: Field
Methodology_Description:
Temperature is recorded at the main climate station (CS01) using a National Weather Service (NWS) maximum, minimum and standard thermometer, each secured to a steel plate.

The mercury-filled maximum thermometer is 10-1/2 inches long with graduations and numerals etched in the glass. It has a constricted capillary just above the bulb which prevents the mercury from flowing back with lowering temperatures. It remains fixed at the warmest temperature to which it has been exposed. The alcohol-filled minimum thermometer is also an etched stem type, 10-1/2 inches long, similar to the maximum thermometer. It has a long, thin, dark colored float, held in tension in the capillary, which moves down towards the bulb with lowering temperatures. When the air temperature warms, the alcohol rises past the float, which remains fixed at the minimum temperature. Temperature is recorded with these maximum/minimum thermometers Monday through Friday at 0800 EST. Thermometers are housed in a vented, wooden Stevenson Screen, or instrument shelter. The shelters are north-facing and protect the instruments from direct sunlight.

In addition, the shelter contains a hygrothermograph instrument which is recording air temperature and relative humidity simultaneously (note that relative humidity data are not included in this data publication) on the NWS standard thermometer. A bimetal strip distorts with changes in temperature, which is magnified using a lever system connected to a pen arm. The pen records the changes onto a strip chart. Charts are changed every 7 days. Because the maximum/minimum thermometers are only read Monday through Friday, the weekend temperatures are recorded using the hygrothermograph chart. When the charts are changed, the hygrothermograph temperature is corrected to the NWS standard thermometer.
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Laseter, Stephanie H.
Originator: Ford, Chelcy R.
Originator: Vose, James M.
Originator: Swift, Lloyd W. Jr.
Publication_Date: 2012
Title:
Long-term temperature and precipitation trends at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, Otto, North Carolina, USA
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Hydrology Research
Issue_Identification: 43(6): 890-901
Online_Linkage: https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/42197
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.2166/nh.2012.067
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
No process steps have been described for this data set
Process_Date: Unknown
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Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
Overview_Description:
Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
Below you will find the data available in this data publication and a short description of its contents.

\Data\cs01_daily_airtemp.csv
Comma-delimited ASCII text file containing daily air temperature recorded by National Weather Service maximum/minimum thermometers at the main climate station CS01.

YEAR = Calendar year of recorded measurement (1935-2021).

MONTH = Month of recorded measurement (1-12).

DAY = Day of month for recorded measurement (1-31).

TMIN = Minimum daily air temperature (°Celsius [C]).

TMAX = Maximum daily air temperature (°Celsius).
Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:
Laseter, Stephanie H.; Ford, Chelcy R.; Vose, James M.; Swift, Lloyd W. 2012. Long-term temperature and precipitation trends at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, Otto, North Carolina, USA. Hydrology Research 43(6): 890-901. https://doi.org/10.2166/nh.2012.067
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Distribution_Information:
Distributor:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: USDA Forest Service, Research and Development
Contact_Position: Research Data Archivist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 240 West Prospect Road
City: Fort Collins
State_or_Province: CO
Postal_Code: 80526
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: see Contact Instructions
Contact Instructions: This contact information was current as of March 2022. For current information see Contact Us page on: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS.
Resource_Description: RDS-2015-0049
Distribution_Liability:
Metadata documents have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness. Unless otherwise stated, all data and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. However, neither the author, the Archive, nor any part of the federal government can assure the reliability or suitability of these data for a particular purpose. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed for a user's application of these data or related materials.

The metadata, data, or related materials may be updated without notification. If a user believes errors are present in the metadata, data or related materials, please use the information in (1) Identification Information: Point of Contact, (2) Metadata Reference: Metadata Contact, or (3) Distribution Information: Distributor to notify the author or the Archive of the issues.
Standard_Order_Process:
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: ASCII
Format_Version_Number: see Format Specification
Format_Specification:
Comma-delimited ASCII text file (CSV)
File_Decompression_Technique: Files zipped with 7-Zip 19.00
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2015-0049
Fees: None
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Metadata_Reference_Information:
Metadata_Date: 20220303
Metadata_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Andrew C. Oishi (Chris)
Contact_Organization: USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 3160 Coweeta Lab Road
City: Otto
State_or_Province: NC
Postal_Code: 28763
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 828-524-2128
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: andrew.c.oishi@usda.gov
Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Biological Data Profile of the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001.1-1999
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