Data supporting publication of fortifying the forest: thinning and burning increase resistance to a bark beetle outbreak and promote forest resilience

Metadata:
Identification_Information:
Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Hood, Sharon M.
Publication_Date: 2016
Title:
Data supporting publication of fortifying the forest: thinning and burning increase resistance to a bark beetle outbreak and promote forest resilience
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Fort Collins, CO
Publisher: Forest Service Research Data Archive
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2016-0010
Description:
Abstract:
This package contains data used for the publication "Fortifying the forest: thinning and burning increase resistance to a bark beetle outbreak and promote forest resilience" (Hood et al. 2016). This study includes measurements from 1996-2012 at the Lubrecht Fire-Fire Surrogate Study Site, which was established in 2000 and includes four treatments, an untreated control, prescribed burn, a thinning, and a thinning followed by prescribed burn. This study site is located at the University of Montana's Lubrecht Experimental Forest in western Montana, approximately 50 kilometers east of Missoula. Data are available in four data sets. 1) Plot level ponderosa pine mortality (≥ 10 centimeter (cm) diameter at breast height (DBH) before (2005) and after (2010 and 2012) the mountain pine beetle outbreak. 2) Plot level basal area, density, and quadratic mean diameter of ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir before and after the mountain pine beetle outbreak. 3) Annual tree-level growth and resin duct defense for the most recent 15 years (1996-2011) of tree growth, including basal area increment, duct size, duct production, and total duct area. 4) Tree-level constitutive resin flow and phloem monoterpene data collected in 2012.
Purpose:
These data were collected as part of a long-term project to monitor forest stand dynamics after fuel treatments. During the 2005 data collection period, tree mortality from mountain pine beetle (MPB) was observed. Additional data collection was done in 2010 and 2012 to record any additional mortality and changes in forest structure and composition. In 2012 more detailed tree growth and defense data were collected in order to relate treatment differences in MPB attack success to tree physiology.
Supplemental_Information:
Original metadata date 5/26/2016. Minor metadata updates on 12/19/2016.
Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 1996
Ending_Date: 2012
Currentness_Reference:
ground condition
Status:
Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned
Spatial_Domain:
Description_of_Geographic_Extent:
The study site is located on the University of Montana’s Lubrecht Experimental Forest in western Montana, US (46°53’N, 113°26’W) and is part of a national program to study the effects of silvicultural methods designed to reduce fire hazard in forests with a historical frequent, low-to-moderate severity fire regime (Stephens et al. 2009). Mean annual temperature is 7 °Celsius (C), ranging from a mean minimum of 0 °C and maximum of 13 °C. The area receives an average of 50 cm precipitation annually, about half in the form of snow (Fiedler et al. 2010). Our study site is located in a second-growth forest that established after widespread harvesting in the late 1800s to early 1900s. The forest is dominated by ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir, with scattered western larch (Larix occidentalis Nutt) and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Douglas ex Louden). The historical mean fire return interval was 7 years (range of 2 to 14 years), but fire frequency greatly declined after 1871 (Grissino-Mayer et al. 2006). The study site had not burned since the late 1800s, although there was moderate grazing throughout the 1900s (Gundale et al. 2005).

Stephens, Scott L.; Moghaddas, Jason J.; Edminster, Carl; Fiedler, Carl E.; Haase, Sally; Harrington, Michael G.; Keeley, Jon E.; Knapp, Eric E.; McIver, James D.; Metlen, Kerry L.; Skinner, Carl N.; Youngblood, Andrew. 2009. Fire treatment effects on vegetation structure, fuels, and potential fire severity in western U.S. forests. Ecological Applications 19(2)305-320. https://doi.org/10.1890/07-1755.1

Fiedler, Carl E.; Metlen, Kerry L.; Dodson, Erich K. 2010. Restoration treatment effects on stand structure, tree growth, and fire hazard in a ponderosa pine/Douglas-fir forest in Montana. Forest Science 56(1):18-31. https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/saf/fs/2010/00000056/00000001/art00004

Grissino-Mayer Henri D.; Gentry Christopher M.; Croy Steve; Hiatt John; Osborne Ben; Stan, Amanda; Wight Georgina DeWeese. 2006. Fire history of western Montana forested landscapes via tree-ring analyses. Professional Paper No. 23, 47-56.

Gundale, Michael J.; DeLuca, Thomas H.; Fiedler, Carl E.; Ramsey, Philip W.; Harrington, Michael G.; Gannon, James E. 2005. Restoration treatments in a Montana ponderosa pine forest: effects on soil physical, chemical and biological properties. Forest Ecology and Management 213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2005.03.015
Bounding_Coordinates:
West_Bounding_Coordinate: -113.46000
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -113.40000
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 46.91000
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 46.89000
Keywords:
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: biota
Theme_Keyword: environment
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: National Research & Development Taxonomy
Theme_Keyword: Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment
Theme_Keyword: Ecology
Theme_Keyword: Fire
Theme_Keyword: Fire ecology
Theme_Keyword: Fire effects on environment
Theme_Keyword: Fire suppression, pre-suppression
Theme_Keyword: Prescribed fire
Theme_Keyword: Forest & Plant Health
Theme_Keyword: Insects
Theme_Keyword: Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis
Theme_Keyword: Monitoring
Theme_Keyword: Natural Resource Management & Use
Theme_Keyword: Forest management
Theme_Keyword: Restoration
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Theme_Keyword: resilience
Theme_Keyword: resistance
Theme_Keyword: fuel treatment effectiveness
Theme_Keyword: tree defense
Theme_Keyword: bark beetle outbreak
Theme_Keyword: ponderosa pine
Theme_Keyword: fire regime
Theme_Keyword: fire exclusion
Theme_Keyword: resin chemistry
Theme_Keyword: stand dynamics
Theme_Keyword: disturbance
Theme_Keyword: flora in natural environment
Theme_Keyword: fauna in natural environment
Theme_Keyword: environmental resources
Theme_Keyword: protection and conservation
Theme_Keyword: Joint Fire Science Program
Theme_Keyword: JFSP
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Place_Keyword: Lubrecht Experimental Forest
Place_Keyword: Missoula County
Place_Keyword: Montana
Taxonomy:
Keywords/Taxon:
Taxonomic_Keyword_Thesaurus:
None
Taxonomic_Keywords: plants
Taxonomic_Keywords: invertebrates
Taxonomic_Keywords: multiple species
Taxonomic_System:
Classification_System/Authority:
Classification_System_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: ITIS
Publication_Date: 2016
Title:
Integrated Taxonomic Information System
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: database
Other_Citation_Details:
Retrieved [March, 25, 2016]
Online_Linkage: https://www.itis.gov
Taxonomic_Procedures:
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Empire
Taxon_Rank_Value: Biovitae
Applicable_Common_Name: Carbon-based lifeforms
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Kingdom
Taxon_Rank_Value: Plantae
Applicable_Common_Name: plantes
Applicable_Common_Name: Planta
Applicable_Common_Name: Vegetal
Applicable_Common_Name: plants
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Subkingdom
Taxon_Rank_Value: Viridiplantae
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Infrakingdom
Taxon_Rank_Value: Streptophyta
Applicable_Common_Name: land plants
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Superdivision
Taxon_Rank_Value: Embryophyta
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Division
Taxon_Rank_Value: Tracheophyta
Applicable_Common_Name: vascular plants
Applicable_Common_Name: tracheophytes
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Subdivision
Taxon_Rank_Value: Spermatophytina
Applicable_Common_Name: spermatophytes
Applicable_Common_Name: seed plants
Applicable_Common_Name: phanérogames
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Class
Taxon_Rank_Value: Pinopsida
Applicable_Common_Name: conifers
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Subclass
Taxon_Rank_Value: Pinidae
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
Taxon_Rank_Value: Pinales
Applicable_Common_Name: pines
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
Taxon_Rank_Value: Pinaceae
Applicable_Common_Name: pines
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Pinus
Applicable_Common_Name: pine
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Pinus ponderosa
Applicable_Common_Name: ponderosa pine
Applicable_Common_Name: bull pine
Applicable_Common_Name: western yellow pine
Applicable_Common_Name: blackjack pine
Applicable_Common_Name: pinabete
Applicable_Common_Name: rock pine
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Variety
Taxon_Rank_Value: Pinus ponderosa var. ponderosa
Applicable_Common_Name: ponderosa pine
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Pseudotsuga
Applicable_Common_Name: Douglas-fir
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Pseudotsuga menziesii
Applicable_Common_Name: red fir
Applicable_Common_Name: Douglas spruce
Applicable_Common_Name: Oregon pine
Applicable_Common_Name: Douglas-fir
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Kingdom
Taxon_Rank_Value: Animalia
Applicable_Common_Name: Animal
Applicable_Common_Name: animaux
Applicable_Common_Name: animals
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Subkingdom
Taxon_Rank_Value: Bilateria
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Infrakingdom
Taxon_Rank_Value: Protostomia
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Superphylum
Taxon_Rank_Value: Ecdysozoa
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Phylum
Taxon_Rank_Value: Arthropoda
Applicable_Common_Name: Artrópode
Applicable_Common_Name: arthropodes
Applicable_Common_Name: arthropods
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Subphylum
Taxon_Rank_Value: Hexapoda
Applicable_Common_Name: hexapods
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Class
Taxon_Rank_Value: Insecta
Applicable_Common_Name: insects
Applicable_Common_Name: hexapoda
Applicable_Common_Name: inseto
Applicable_Common_Name: insectes
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Subclass
Taxon_Rank_Value: Pterygota
Applicable_Common_Name: insects ailés
Applicable_Common_Name: winged insects
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Infraclass
Taxon_Rank_Value: Neoptera
Applicable_Common_Name: modern, wing-folding insects
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Superorder
Taxon_Rank_Value: Holometabola
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
Taxon_Rank_Value: Coleoptera
Applicable_Common_Name: beetles
Applicable_Common_Name: coléoptères
Applicable_Common_Name: besouro
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Suborder
Taxon_Rank_Value: Polyphaga
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Infraorder
Taxon_Rank_Value: Cucujiformia
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Superfamily
Taxon_Rank_Value: Curculionoidea
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
Taxon_Rank_Value: Curculionidae
Applicable_Common_Name: snout beetles
Applicable_Common_Name: weevils
Applicable_Common_Name: charançons
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Subfamily
Taxon_Rank_Value: Scolytinae
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Dendroctonus
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Dendroctonus ponderosae
Applicable_Common_Name: mountain pine beetle
Applicable_Common_Name: dendroctone du pin ponderosa
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:
These data were collected using funding from the U.S. Government and can be used without additional permissions or fees. If you use these data in a publication, presentation, or other research product please use the following citation:

Hood, Sharon M. 2016. Data supporting publication of fortifying the forest: thinning and burning increase resistance to a bark beetle outbreak and promote forest resilience. Fort Collins, CO: Forest Service Research Data Archive. https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2016-0010
Data_Set_Credit:
Funding for this work was provided by the USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station (Fire, Fuel, and Smoke Science Program) as well as the IM-SURE Program of National Science Foundation Award #0755560 and 1157101, and National Science Foundation EPSCoR Track-1 EPS-1101342 and EPS-IIA-1443108 (INSTEP 3). This data package and corresponding publication (Hood et al. 2016) are Contribution Number 223 of the National Fire and Fire Surrogate Project (FFS #99-S-01), funded by the Joint Fire Science Program.
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Hood, Sharon M.
Originator: Baker, Stephen
Originator: Sala, Anna
Publication_Date: 2016
Title:
Fortifying the forest: Thinning and burning increase resistance to a bark beetle outbreak and promote forest resilience
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Ecological Applications
Issue_Identification:
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.1363
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Stephens, Scott L.
Originator: Moghaddas, Jason J.
Originator: Edminster, Carl
Originator: Fiedler, Carl E.
Originator: Haase, Sally
Originator: Harrington, Michael G.
Originator: Keeley, Jon E.
Originator: Knapp, Eric E.
Originator: McIver, James D.
Originator: Metlen, Kerry L.
Originator: Skinner, Carl N.
Originator: Youngblood, Andrew
Publication_Date: 2009
Title:
Fire treatment effects on vegetation structure, fuels, and potential fire severity in western U.S. forests
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Ecological Applications
Issue_Identification: 19(2)305-320
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1890/07-1755.1
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Fiedler, Carl E.
Originator: Metlen, Kerry L.
Originator: Dodson, Erich K.
Publication_Date: 2010
Title:
Restoration treatment effects on stand structure, tree growth, and fire hazard in a ponderosa pine/Douglas-fir forest in Montana
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Forest Science
Issue_Identification: 56(1):18-31
Online_Linkage: https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/saf/fs/2010/00000056/00000001/art00004
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Gundale, Michael J.
Originator: DeLuca, Thomas H.
Originator: Fiedler, Carl E.
Originator: Ramsey, Philip W.
Originator: Harrington, Michael G.
Originator: Gannon, James E.
Publication_Date: 2005
Title:
Restoration treatments in a Montana ponderosa pine forest: effects on soil physical, chemical and biological properties
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Forest Ecology and Management
Issue_Identification: 213
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2005.03.015
Back to Top
Data_Quality_Information:
Attribute_Accuracy:
Attribute_Accuracy_Report:
Attribute accuracy is detailed in Hood et al. 2016. The methodology section below also has additional information on attribute accuracy for these data.

Hood, Sharon M.; Baker, Stephen; Sala, Anna. 2016. Fortifying the forest: Thinning and burning increase resistance to a bark beetle outbreak and promote forest resilience. Ecological Applications. https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.1363
Logical_Consistency_Report:
All data reported within the data sets were collected within the same block, unit, plot, and tree and numbers are consistent throughout the data sets.
Completeness_Report:
There are some cases where there was no data to collect or measurement to record, and in these cases the data are left as a blank cell. Plots that have no mountain pine beetle mortality do not have a value for dbhcm of attacked trees. Trees without resin ducts for a given year do not a value for size because no ducts occurred. Resin flow was not collected on every tree sampled for monoterpene content. For these trees, there are no values for rf, pt, dbhcm, thm, clm, or cr. (See the entity and attribute section below for descriptions of these variables).
Lineage:
Methodology:
Methodology_Type: Field
Methodology_Description:
Experimental design and treatment description:

Three, 36-hectare (ha) blocks consisting of 4, 9-ha units each were established in 2000. This study was a randomized complete block design, with each unit within a block randomly assigned one of four treatments: control, burn-only, thin-only, and thin-burn. The control treatment involved no thinning or burning. The burn-only treatment involved prescribed broadcast burning in the spring, but no thinning. Thin-only consisted of a low thinning and improvement/selection cutting, but no burning. The thin-burn treatment entailed thinning with the same objectives as the thin-only treatment but was followed by broadcast burning the following year to reduce logging slash (i.e., tree tops and limbs) and existing surface fuels. See Gundale et al. 2005 and Fiedler et al. 2010 for more detailed treatment prescriptions and pre-treatment conditions.

In each unit, 36 gridded plots (0.1 acre) were established as part of the larger, multi-disciplinary study. At ten of these points a 20 meter (m) x 50 m (0.1 ha) plot was established for sampling trees ≥ 10 cm diameter at breast height (DBH; 1.37 m above ground). Control treatments were not manipulated. Thinning and burning treatments were designed to restore stands towards historical conditions by reducing tree density, particularly shade-tolerant Douglas-fir, and encourage shade-intolerant species such as ponderosa pine, while also reducing the hazard of stand-replacing wildfire.

The goal of all treated units was to create fire-resistant forests in which 80% of basal area of overstory trees would survive a wildfire burning under 80th percentile weather conditions. In the thin-only and thin-burn units, a low thinning with improvement/selection cutting to favor ponderosa pine ≥ 40 cm DBH reduced average residual basal area to a target of 11 squared meters (m²) per ha.

Thinning was conducted in the winter of 2001. Burn-only and thin-burn units were broadcast burned in May and June 2002. The prescribed burns were designed to reduce surface fuel loading and ladder fuels consisting of seedling and saplings.
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Hood, Sharon M.
Originator: Baker, Stephen
Originator: Sala, Anna
Publication_Date: 2016
Title:
Fortifying the forest: Thinning and burning increase resistance to a bark beetle outbreak and promote forest resilience
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Ecological Applications
Issue_Identification:
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.1363
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Gundale, Michael J.
Originator: DeLuca, Thomas H.
Originator: Fiedler, Carl E.
Originator: Ramsey, Philip W.
Originator: Harrington, Michael G.
Originator: Gannon, James E.
Publication_Date: 2005
Title:
Restoration treatments in a Montana ponderosa pine forest: effects on soil physical, chemical and biological properties
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Forest Ecology and Management
Issue_Identification: 213
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2005.03.015
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Fiedler, Carl E.
Originator: Metlen, Kerry L.
Originator: Dodson, Erich K.
Publication_Date: 2010
Title:
Restoration treatment effects on stand structure, tree growth, and fire hazard in a ponderosa pine/Douglas-fir forest in Montana
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Forest Science
Issue_Identification: 56(1):18-31
Online_Linkage: https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/saf/fs/2010/00000056/00000001/art00004
Methodology:
Methodology_Type: Field
Methodology_Description:
Mortality and forest attributes (\Data\mortality.csv and \Data\2_forest_attributes.csv):

Pre-harvest measurements were completed in 2000, with annual measurements for the first four years post-treatment. Initial treatment effects through 2005 have been reported (Gundale et al. 2005, Metlen and Fiedler 2006, Six and Skov 2009, Stephens et al. 2009, Fiedler et al. 2010); hence we only present data collected between 2005 and 2012.

In 2005 and 2010 we measured DBH for all trees ≥ 10 cm DBH in each treatment and assessed MPB attack status and tree mortality. During the 2010 assessment, we observed increasing mountain pine beetle (MPB) activity in many units in conjunction with a large-scale regional outbreak in western Montana. MPB activity was low during the first several years after treatment implementation, at least through 2004. We therefore sampled the site again in 2012, during which time we also collected additional data to quantify potential treatment differences in tree growth and defense-related traits to further examine mechanisms associated with stand-level resistance to MPB.

We calculated several forest structural and species composition attributes using the tree data (≥ 10 cm DBH) from the 2005 and 2012 plot surveys, including basal area (i.e., cross-sectional area of living trees per hectare; m²/ha), density (living trees/ha), quadratic mean diameter (QMD, i.e., average diameter [cm²] of the mean basal area) by host (ponderosa) and non-host (Douglas-fir) species for each plot for each time step. We also calculated the percent of host basal area and density per plot for each time step. Analysis only included living trees.
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Hood, Sharon M.
Originator: Baker, Stephen
Originator: Sala, Anna
Publication_Date: 2016
Title:
Fortifying the forest: Thinning and burning increase resistance to a bark beetle outbreak and promote forest resilience
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Ecological Applications
Issue_Identification:
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.1363
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Gundale, Michael J.
Originator: DeLuca, Thomas H.
Originator: Fiedler, Carl E.
Originator: Ramsey, Philip W.
Originator: Harrington, Michael G.
Originator: Gannon, James E.
Publication_Date: 2005
Title:
Restoration treatments in a Montana ponderosa pine forest: effects on soil physical, chemical and biological properties
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Forest Ecology and Management
Issue_Identification: 213
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2005.03.015
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Metlen, Kerry L.
Originator: Fiedler, Carl E.
Publication_Date: 2006
Title:
Restoration treatment effects on the understory of ponderosa pine/Douglas-fir forests in western Montana, USA
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Forest Ecology and Management
Issue_Identification: 222
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2005.10.037
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Six, Diana L.
Originator: Skov, Kjerstin
Publication_Date: 2009
Title:
Response of bark beetles and their natural enemies to fire and fire surrogate treatments in mixed-conifer forests in western Montana
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Forest Ecology and Management
Issue_Identification: 258
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2009.05.016
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Stephens, Scott L.
Originator: Moghaddas, Jason J.
Originator: Edminster, Carl
Originator: Fiedler, Carl E.
Originator: Haase, Sally
Originator: Harrington, Michael G.
Originator: Keeley, Jon E.
Originator: Knapp, Eric E.
Originator: McIver, James D.
Originator: Metlen, Kerry L.
Originator: Skinner, Carl N.
Originator: Youngblood, Andrew
Publication_Date: 2009
Title:
Fire treatment effects on vegetation structure, fuels, and potential fire severity in western U.S. forests
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Ecological Applications
Issue_Identification: 19(2)305-320
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1890/07-1755.1
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Fiedler, Carl E.
Originator: Metlen, Kerry L.
Originator: Dodson, Erich K.
Publication_Date: 2010
Title:
Restoration treatment effects on stand structure, tree growth, and fire hazard in a ponderosa pine/Douglas-fir forest in Montana
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Forest Science
Issue_Identification: 56(1):18-31
Online_Linkage: https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/saf/fs/2010/00000056/00000001/art00004
Methodology:
Methodology_Type: Field
Methodology_Description:
Tree growth and resin ducts (\Data\3_annualgrowth_ducts.csv):

We randomly selected three plots in each unit. One ponderosa pine, between 27-36 cm DBH with no sign of MPB attack, was selected in each plot in 2012. We collected resin flow samples on the west and east aspects of each tree at approximately 1.37 m above ground by removing a 2.5 cm circular section of the bark and phloem and using a silicone funnel to channel resin into a 50 milliliter (ml) vial attached to the tree below the tapping site. After 24 hours we measured the volume of resin to the nearest 0.25 ml.

To quantify annual tree growth and axial resin duct production, we extracted two, 5 mm wide increment cores from each tree in October 2013 using a manual increment borer to obtain a cross section of wood containing annual rings from 2013 to the tree pith. Cores were collected at approximately 1.37 m above the ground, below and within 3 to 6 cm the resin flow tapping site. We prepared cores using standard techniques (mounted and sanded until cellular structure was visible through a binocular microscope) and assigned the correct calendar year to each tree ring (i.e., crossdated).

We scanned all cores using an Epson platform scanner at 2400 dpi and measured ring widths to the nearest 0.001 mm using CooRecorder v7.7 (Cybis Elekronik & Data AB, Saltsjöbaden, Sweden). We measured individual resin duct area in ImageJ (version 1.46r, National Institutes of Health, USA) to the nearest 1 x 10-7 squared mm using the ellipse tool and assigned the calendar year in which each duct formed. We measured ducts formed from 1996 (5 growing seasons pre-treatment) through 2011 (10 growing seasons post-burn and year prior to resin flow sampling).

We calculated basal area increment (BAI), duct size, duct production, and total duct area, for each core based on raw ring width values and calculated the average annual value per tree from the two collected cores. We observed no age-related decline in ring widths for the section of the chronology we used for analyses (the most recent 16 years); therefore, we did not detrend raw ring width values. We calculated BAI from ring widths and the tree diameter inside bark using the dplR package v. 1.6.0 in R v. 3.0.1 (Bunn 2008). From the resin duct area measurements we calculated the following additional metrics: (1) duct size (mean size of all ducts per annual ring; mm²); (2) duct production (total number of ducts per annual ring; no. per year); and (3) total duct area (sum of duct size per annual ring; mm² per year).
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Hood, Sharon M.
Originator: Baker, Stephen
Originator: Sala, Anna
Publication_Date: 2016
Title:
Fortifying the forest: Thinning and burning increase resistance to a bark beetle outbreak and promote forest resilience
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Ecological Applications
Issue_Identification:
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.1363
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Bunn, Andrew G.
Publication_Date: 2008
Title:
A dendrochronology program library in R (dplR)
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Dendrochronologia
Issue_Identification: 26:115-124
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dendro.2008.01.002
Methodology:
Methodology_Type: Field
Methodology_Description:
Resin flow and chemistry (\Data\4_resin_chemistry_flow.csv):

We measured resin flow on an additional 6 to 11 trees in each unit using the same methods as described above to increase sample size (n=128). To quantify constitutive monoterpene composition we collected phloem tissue from 9 to 24 trees in each unit, including all trees sampled for resin flow (n=199). We extracted 2 x 5 cm samples of phloem at approximately 1.37 m high on the east of each tree using a chisel. Tissue was placed in 15 ml plastic vials and stored on dry ice in the field and then in a -80°C freezer in the laboratory until chemical analysis. Chisels were rinsed in 70% ethanol between samples.

We extracted monoterpenes from phloem tissue and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC). We placed finely chopped tissue into 2 ml glass GC vials with 1 ml hexane and agitated for 24 hours. We then filtered the hexane solution through glass wool into a second GC vial, rinsed the first vial with 0.25 ml hexane twice, and added the filtered solution into the second vial for a final volume of 1.5 ml. We added 10 µl 0.01% isobutylbenzene (IBB) to the vial as an internal standard. Phloem samples were dried for one week at 25 °C and weighed.

Samples were analyzed using a Hewlett Packard 5890 Series II gas chromatograph with an Agilent Technologies Cyclodex-B column (0.25 mm diameter x 30 m) with helium as the carrier gas. The oven temperature program was 60 °C for 10 minutes, with a 5 °C rise per minute to 160 °C, held at 160 °C for 10 minutes, for a total run time of 40 minutes. Initial temperature was 60 °C for 10 minutes with a 5 °C rise per minute until 160 °C. We ran seven GC-grade standards (Sigma-Aldrich Co., St. Louis, MO, US) of known ponderosa pine monoterpenes using the method described above to determine retention times, for identification of the peaks in the phloem sample chromatograms. We calculated absolute concentration of each monoterpene (mg) by integrating the area under each peak, dividing by the IBB peak area, and multiplying by the density of IBB.

For monoterpenes, we standardized monoterpene concentrations by mass of the phloem sample in grams (g) to calculate absolute concentration (mg g⁻¹ phloem) for each compound and summed the concentration of the seven compounds for total concentration. For individual monoterpenes, we calculated the relative concentration of each compound as percent of the total concentration.
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Hood, Sharon M.
Originator: Baker, Stephen
Originator: Sala, Anna
Publication_Date: 2016
Title:
Fortifying the forest: Thinning and burning increase resistance to a bark beetle outbreak and promote forest resilience
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Ecological Applications
Issue_Identification:
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.1363
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
See individual methods sections above for both the methodology and process steps for each data file.
Process_Date: unknown
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Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
Detailed_Description:
Entity_Type:
Entity_Type_Label: mortality
Entity_Type_Definition:
\Data\1_mortality.csv: Comma-delimited ASCII text file containing information on each 0.1 hectare plot of trees ≥ 10 centimeters (cm) diameter at breast height (DBH) in each block and treatment combination. Attributes include number of host trees, number of host trees killed, and the percentage of host trees killed. Mortality is from mountain pine beetle between 2005-2012.
Entity_Type_Definition_Source:
FS Researcher
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Block
Attribute_Definition:
block number (three blocks in the study)
Attribute_Definition_Source:
FS Researcher
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 1
Range_Domain_Maximum: 3
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: trt
Attribute_Definition:
Treatment
Attribute_Definition_Source:
FS Researcher
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: treatment
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
co: untreated control; bo: burn only; to: thin only; tb: thin-burn
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:
FS Researcher
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Plot
Attribute_Definition:
number of plot
Attribute_Definition_Source:
FS Researcher
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 2
Range_Domain_Maximum: 33
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: nhosttrees
Attribute_Definition:
number of mountain pine beetle (MPB) host species trees on a 0.1 hectare plot. Only trees ≥ 10 cm diameter at breast height (DBH) measured.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
FS Researcher
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 1
Range_Domain_Maximum: 94
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: nkilled
Attribute_Definition:
number of mountain pine beetle host species trees killed between 2005-2012 on a 0.1 hectare plot. Only trees ≥ 10 cm DBH measured
Attribute_Definition_Source:
FS Researcher
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 80
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: per_att
Attribute_Definition:
percentage of trees attacked and killed on plot. Calculated by nkilled/nhosttrees *100.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
FS Researcher
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 94
Detailed_Description:
Entity_Type:
Entity_Type_Label: forest_attributes
Entity_Type_Definition:
\Data\2_forest_attributes.csv: Comma-delimited ASCII text file containing data by block, treatment, plot, host, and year for diameter at breast height (DBH), basal area, and density (trees per hectare).
Entity_Type_Definition_Source:
FS Researcher
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Block
Attribute_Definition:
block number (three blocks in the study)
Attribute_Definition_Source:
FS Researcher
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 1
Range_Domain_Maximum: 3
Attribute_Value_Accuracy_Information:
Attribute_Value_Accuracy: 1
Attribute_Value_Accuracy_Explanation:
There are three blocks in the study. The blocks are numbered 1, 2, or 3.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: trt
Attribute_Definition:
Treatment
Attribute_Definition_Source:
FS Researcher
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: treatment
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
co: untreated control; bo: burn only; to: thin only; tb: thin-burn
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:
FS Researcher
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Plot
Attribute_Definition:
number of plot
Attribute_Definition_Source:
FS Researcher
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 2
Range_Domain_Maximum: 33
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: mpbhost
Attribute_Definition:
mpbhost = 0: not a mountain pine beetle (mpb) host (e.g., Douglas-fir); mpbhost = 1: mpb host (e.g., ponderosa pine)
Attribute_Definition_Source:
FS Researcher
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 1
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: dbhcm
Attribute_Definition:
average diameter at breast height (centimeters [cm]).
Attribute_Definition_Source:
FS Researcher
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: ba_ha
Attribute_Definition:
basal area of trees ≥ 10 cm DBH per hectare.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
FS Researcher
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 37
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: square meters per hectare
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: tpha
Attribute_Definition:
density: number of trees ≥ 10 cm DBH per hectare.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
FS Researcher
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: year
Attribute_Definition:
year of sampling
Attribute_Definition_Source:
FS Researcher
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 1996
Range_Domain_Maximum: 2012
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: year
Detailed_Description:
Entity_Type:
Entity_Type_Label: treerings
Entity_Type_Definition:
\Data\3_annualgrowth_ducts.csv: Comma-delimited ASCII text file containing growth and resin duct data by block, treatment, plot, and tree for the years 1996-2011 based on tree core data.
Entity_Type_Definition_Source:
FS Researcher
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Block
Attribute_Definition:
block number (three blocks in the study)
Attribute_Definition_Source:
FS Researcher
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 1
Range_Domain_Maximum: 3
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: trt
Attribute_Definition:
Treatment
Attribute_Definition_Source:
FS Researcher
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: treatment
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
co: untreated control; bo: burn only; to: thin only; tb: thin-burn
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:
FS Researcher
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: plot
Attribute_Definition:
number of plot
Attribute_Definition_Source:
FS Researcher
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 2
Range_Domain_Maximum: 33
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: tree
Attribute_Definition:
tagged tree number on the individual plots (note: a few trees have random tag numbers, but all are valid).
Attribute_Definition_Source:
FS Researcher
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: year
Attribute_Definition:
year of sampling
Attribute_Definition_Source:
FS Researcher
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 1996
Range_Domain_Maximum: 2012
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: year
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: duct_prod
Attribute_Definition:
resin duct production: total number of ducts per annual ring (number per year).
Attribute_Definition_Source:
FS Researcher
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: TDA
Attribute_Definition:
Total Duct Area: sum of duct area per annual ring (squared millimeters per year).
Attribute_Definition_Source:
FS Researcher
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: size
Attribute_Definition:
Duct Size: mean size of all ducts per annual ring (squared millimeters).
Attribute_Definition_Source:
FS Researcher
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: series
Attribute_Definition:
unique identifier for each tree core based on block + trt + plot + tree + aspect cored.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
FS Researcher
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: bai_mm
Attribute_Definition:
basal area increment (squared millimeters)
Attribute_Definition_Source:
FS Researcher
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: rw_mm
Attribute_Definition:
ring width (millimeters)
Attribute_Definition_Source:
FS Researcher
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: rdd
Attribute_Definition:
resin duct density: total number of duct per annual ring divided by ring area, calculated as ring width multiplied by 5, the width of the increment core (number per squared millimeter per year).
Attribute_Definition_Source:
FS Researcher
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: aid
Attribute_Definition:
relative duct area: total duct area divided by ring area (i.e., ring width multiplied by 5, the width of the increment core) multiplied by 100 (% annual ring).
Attribute_Definition_Source:
FS Researcher
Detailed_Description:
Entity_Type:
Entity_Type_Label: resin_chemistry_flow
Entity_Type_Definition:
\Data\4_resin_chemistry_flow.csv: Comma-delimited ASCII text file containing resin flow and phloem monoterpene chemistry by block, tree, plot, and tree from samples collected in 2012.
Entity_Type_Definition_Source:
FS Researcher
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Block
Attribute_Definition:
block number
Attribute_Definition_Source:
FS Researcher
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 1
Range_Domain_Maximum: 3
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: trt
Attribute_Definition:
Treatment
Attribute_Definition_Source:
FS Researcher
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: treatment
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
co: untreated control; bo: burn only; to: thin only; tb: thin-burn
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source:
FS Researcher
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: plot
Attribute_Definition:
number of plot
Attribute_Definition_Source:
FS Researcher
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 2
Range_Domain_Maximum: 35
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: tree
Attribute_Definition:
tagged tree number on the individual plots (note: a few trees have random tag numbers, but all are valid).
Attribute_Definition_Source:
FS Researcher
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: nap
Attribute_Definition:
absolute concentration (milligrams per gram dry phloem) of (-)-alpha-pinene.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
FS Researcher
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: pap
Attribute_Definition:
absolute concentration (milligrams per gram dry phloem) of (+)-alpha-pinene.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
FS Researcher
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: myr
Attribute_Definition:
absolute concentration (milligrams per gram dry phloem) of myrcene.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
FS researcher
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: car
Attribute_Definition:
absolute concentration (milligrams per gram dry phloem) of D-carene.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
FS researcher
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: bpin
Attribute_Definition:
absolute concentration (milligrams per gram dry phloem) of beta-pinene.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
FS researcher
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: lim
Attribute_Definition:
absolute concentration (milligrams per gram dry phloem) of limonene.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
FS researcher
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: ter
Attribute_Definition:
absolute concentration (milligrams per gram dry phloem) of terpinoline.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
FS researcher
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: total
Attribute_Definition:
absolute concentration (milligrams per gram dry phloem) of the 7 monoterpenes.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
FS researcher
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: per_nap
Attribute_Definition:
Relative concentration (%) of (-)-alpha-pinene.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
FS researcher
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: per_pap
Attribute_Definition:
Relative concentration (%) of (+)-alpha-pinene.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
FS researcher
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: per_myr
Attribute_Definition:
Relative concentration (%) of myrcene.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
FS researcher
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: per_car
Attribute_Definition:
Relative concentration (%) of D-carene.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
FS researcher
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: per_bpin
Attribute_Definition:
Relative concentration (%) of beta-pinene.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
FS researcher
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: per_lim
Attribute_Definition:
Relative concentration (%) of limonene.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
FS researcher
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: per_ter
Attribute_Definition:
Relative concentration (%) of terpinoline.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
FS researcher
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: rf
Attribute_Definition:
24-hour resin flow (millimeters), blank = not collected.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
FS researcher
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: pt
Attribute_Definition:
phloem thickness (millimeters), blank = not collected.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
FS researcher
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: dbhcm
Attribute_Definition:
average diameter at breast height (centimeters).
Attribute_Definition_Source:
FS Researcher
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: thm
Attribute_Definition:
tree height (meters), blank = not collected.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
FS researcher
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: clm
Attribute_Definition:
crown length (meters)
Attribute_Definition_Source:
FS researcher
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: cr
Attribute_Definition:
crown ratio (0-1); crown length to tree height ratio, blank = not collected.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
FS researcher
Overview_Description:
Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
Below you will find a simple overview description of the data files available in this package.

The following three variables are in all data files:
block = block number (1-3).
trt = treatment (co = untreated control; bo = burn only; to = thin only; tb = thin-burn).
plot = plot number.

\Data\1_mortality.csv: Comma-delimited ASCII text file containing information on each 0.1 hectare plot of trees >= 10 centimeters (cm) diameter at breast height (DBH) in each block and treatment combination. Attributes include number of host trees, number of host trees killed, and the percentage of host trees killed. Mortality is from mountain pine beetle between 2005-2012. Variables included are described below.
nhosttrees = number of mountain pine beetle host species trees on a 0.1 hectare plot. Only trees ≥ 10 cm diameter at breast height (DBH) measured.
nkilled = number of mountain pine beetle host species trees killed between 2005-2012 on a 0.1 hectare plot. Only trees ≥ 10 cm DBH measured.
per_att = percentage of trees attacked and killed on plot. Calculated by nkilled/nhosttrees *100.

\Data\2_forest_attributes.csv: Comma-delimited ASCII text file containing data by block, treatment, plot, host, and year for diameter at breast height (DBH), basal area, and density (trees per hectare). Variables included are described below.
mpbhost = host species for mountain pine beetle (mpb) (0 = not a mpb host (e.g., Douglas-fir); 1 = mpb host (e.g., ponderosa pine)).
dbhcm = average DBH in cm.
ba_ha = basal area in meters² per hectare of trees ≥ 10 cm DBH.
tpha = density (number of trees ≥ 10 cm DBH per hectare).
year = year of sampling.

\Data\3_annualgrowth_ducts.csv: Comma-delimited ASCII text file containing growth and resin duct data by block, treatment, plot, and tree for the years 1996-2011 based on tree core data. Variables included are described below.
tree = tagged tree number on the individual plots (note: a few trees have random tag numbers, but all are valid).
Year = year of sampling.
duct_prod = resin duct production: total number of ducts per annual ring (number per year).
TDA = Total Duct Area: sum of duct area per annual ring in millimeters² per year (mm²/year).
size = Duct Size: mean size of all ducts per annual ring (mm²).
series = unique identifier for each tree core based on block + trt + plot + tree + aspect cored.
bai_mm = basal area increment (mm²).
rw_mm = ring width (mm).
rdd = resin duct density: total number of duct per annual ring divided by ring area (i.e., ring width multiplied by 5, the width of the increment core) (number/mm²/year).
aid = relative duct area: total duct area divided by ring area (i.e., ring width multiplied by 5, the width of the increment core) multiplied by 100 (% annual ring).

\Data\4_resin_chemistry_flow.csv: Comma-delimited ASCII text file containing resin flow and phloem monoterpene chemistry by block, tree, plot, and tree from samples collected in 2012. Variables included are described below.
tree = tagged tree number on the individual plots (note: a few trees have random tag numbers, but all are valid).
nap = absolute concentration in milligrams per gram (mg/g) dry phloem of (-)-alpha-pinene.
pap = absolute concentration (mg/g dry phloem) of (+)-alpha-pinene.
myr = absolute concentration (mg/g dry phloem) of myrcene.
car = absolute concentration (mg/g dry phloem) of D-carene.
bpin = absolute concentration (mg/g dry phloem) of beta-pinene.
lim = absolute concentration (mg/g dry phloem) of limonene.
ter = absolute concentration (mg/g dry phloem) of terpinoline.
total = absolute concentration (mg/g dry phloem) of the 7 monoterpenes.
per_nap = Relative concentration (%) of (-)-alpha-pinene.
per_pap = Relative concentration (%) of (+)-alpha-pinene.
per_myr = Relative concentration (%) of myrcene.
per_car = Relative concentration (%) of D-carene.
per_bpin = Relative concentration (%) of beta-pinene.
per_lim = Relative concentration (%) of limonene.
per_ter = Relative concentration (%) of terpinoline.
rf = 24-hour resin flow in millimeters (mm) (blank = not collected).
pt = phloem thickness (mm) (blank = not collected).
dbhcm = average diameter at breast height (cm) (blank = not collected).
thm = tree height in meters (m) (blank = not collected).
clm = crown length (m) (blank = not collected).
cr = crown length to tree height ratio (blank = not collected).
Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:
https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.1363
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Distribution_Information:
Distributor:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: USDA Forest Service, Research and Development
Contact_Position: Research Data Archivist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 240 West Prospect Road
City: Fort Collins
State_or_Province: CO
Postal_Code: 80526
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: see Contact Instructions
Contact Instructions: This contact information was current as of December 2016. For current information see Contact Us page on: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS.
Resource_Description: RDS-2016-0010
Distribution_Liability:
Metadata documents have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness. Unless otherwise stated, all data and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. However, neither the author, the Archive, nor any part of the federal government can assure the reliability or suitability of these data for a particular purpose. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed for a user's application of these data or related materials.

The metadata, data, or related materials may be updated without notification. If a user believes errors are present in the metadata, data or related materials, please use the information in (1) Identification Information: Point of Contact, (2) Metadata Reference: Metadata Contact, or (3) Distribution Information: Distributor to notify the author or the Archive of the issues.
Standard_Order_Process:
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: ASCII
Format_Version_Number: see Format Specification
Format_Specification:
Comma-delimited ASCII text file (CSV)
File_Decompression_Technique: Files zipped with Winzip 14.0
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2016-0010
Fees: None
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Metadata_Reference_Information:
Metadata_Date: 20161219
Metadata_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station (Fire, Fuel, and Smoke Program)
Contact_Person: Hood, Sharon
Contact_Position: Research Ecologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 5775 Highway 10 W
City: Missoula
State_or_Province: MT
Postal_Code: 59808
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 406-329-4818
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sharonmhood@fs.fed.us
Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Biological Data Profile of the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001.1-1999
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