Use characteristics, visitor preferences, and conflict between horse users and hikers in the Charles C. Deam Wilderness Area: 1990-1991 visitor survey data

Metadata:
Identification_Information:
Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Watson, Alan E.
Originator: Daigle, John J.
Originator: Armatas, Chris A.
Originator: Campbell, Carly J.
Publication_Date: 2017
Title:
Use characteristics, visitor preferences, and conflict between horse users and hikers in the Charles C. Deam Wilderness Area: 1990-1991 visitor survey data
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Fort Collins, CO
Publisher: Forest Service Research Data Archive
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2017-0013
Description:
Abstract:
The Charles C. Deam Wilderness area is located on the Hoosier National Forest in Indiana. There has been historic use of this area by both hikers and horse riders, however there was substantial concern about the interaction and conflict between these two groups in this wilderness area. Between the summers of 1990 and 1991 a mailback questionnaire was sent to people visiting the Charles C. Deam Wilderness are for recreational purposes to investigate visitor use characterstics and preferences about their wilderness experience. Data include visitor activity, visitor characteristics, interaction with other groups, opinions regarding management policies, current wilderness conditions, preferred wilderness conditions, items influencing visitor quality, as well as user perception of similarities and differences between hikers and horse users.
Purpose:
The purpose of this research was to learn enough about horse users and hikers including their interactions, and perceptions of each other to recommend some potential management solutions for mitigating conflict. Potential management solutions include separation of uses physically, separating uses temporally, using persuasive communication to change inappropriate or unacceptable behaviors, using information to help visitors avoid conflicting situations, and using information to change expectations about interactions with other groups.

The goal was to establish baseline information on who the visitors are, their use patterns, and perceptions of appropriate social conditions.
Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 19900701
Ending_Date: 19910630
Currentness_Reference:
ground condition
Status:
Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned
Spatial_Domain:
Description_of_Geographic_Extent:
The Charles Deam Wilderness Area is located on the Hoosier National Forest in Indiana, and is 12,935 acres. It was established as wilderness in 1982, though the area had a history of use by horse riders and hikers prior to wilderness classification.
Bounding_Coordinates:
West_Bounding_Coordinate: -86.408357
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -86.277511
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 39.076895
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 38.985593
Keywords:
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: biota
Theme_Keyword: boundaries
Theme_Keyword: environment
Theme_Keyword: health
Theme_Keyword: planningCadastre
Theme_Keyword: society
Theme_Keyword: transportation
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: National Research & Development Taxonomy
Theme_Keyword: Environment and People
Theme_Keyword: Recreation
Theme_Keyword: Social values, ethics
Theme_Keyword: Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis
Theme_Keyword: Natural Resource Management & Use
Theme_Keyword: Wilderness
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Theme_Keyword: horse users
Theme_Keyword: stock
Theme_Keyword: hikers
Theme_Keyword: conflict
Theme_Keyword: wilderness
Theme_Keyword: social conditions
Theme_Keyword: visitor preferences
Theme_Keyword: planning
Theme_Keyword: conflict mitigation
Theme_Keyword: management
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Place_Keyword: Charles Deam Wilderness
Place_Keyword: United States
Place_Keyword: Indiana
Place_Keyword: Hoosier National Forest
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:
These data were collected using funding from the U.S. Government and can be used without additional permissions or fees. If you use these data in a publication, presentation, or other research product please use the following citation:

Watson, Alan E.; Daigle, John J.; Armatas, Chris A.; Campbell, Carly J. 2017. Use characteristics, visitor preferences, and conflict between horse users and hikers in the Charles C. Deam Wilderness Area: 1990-1991 visitor survey data. Fort Collins, CO: Forest Service Research Data Archive. https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2017-0013
Data_Set_Credit:
Funding for this project provided by the Aldo Leopold Wilderness Research Institute (ALWRI), which includes USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station (RMRS).
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Watson, Alan E.
Originator: Niccolucci, Michael J.
Originator: Williams, Daniel R.
Publication_Date: 1993
Title:
Hikers and recreational stock users: Predicting and managing recreation conflicts in three wildernesses
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Research Paper (RP)
Issue_Identification: INT-468
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Ogden, UT
Publisher: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.2737/int-rp-468
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Watson, Alan E.
Originator: Daigle, John J.
Originator: Sullivan, Z. Kent
Originator: Blevins, Sally
Originator: Kissel, Dave
Originator: Whittredge, Bruce
Originator: Whittredge, Charlene
Originator: Overshiner, Ron
Publication_Date: Unpublished material
Title:
Charles C. Deam Wilderness: Study of wilderness visitors
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document
Other_Citation_Details:
January 29, 1992 (available in full data publication download: \Supplements\Final results with summary data.pdf)
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Data_Quality_Information:
Attribute_Accuracy:
Attribute_Accuracy_Report:
Optical character recognition has been performed on \Supplements\Mailback survey instrument.pdf, and therefore the document may have some transcription errors.

The data contain some values that are outside the range of acceptable responses (e.g. coded values are 1=yes, blank=no, and there are values of 2 and 8). It is unknown what the correct values should be. It is the responsibility of the user to make decisions about how to treat inaccurate pieces of data.
Logical_Consistency_Report:
The data contain some response values that are logically inconsistent with each other. For example, some of the "no" responses to the question "Should there be a limit to the size of parties visiting the Deam?" have corresponding suggested limits, implying that the respondent actually does believe there should be a party size limit. It is unclear if these errors were made by the respondent or during data entry, or what the actual answer should be.
Completeness_Report:
The mailback data are complete. Missing data in Deam_Mailback_Data_1991.csv are indicated with blanks and sometimes a '9999' or '999'. In some cases, such as when a box is left unchecked, it is difficult to know whether the question was answered in the negative or simply skipped.

Unfortunately the onsite data mentioned in the methods section are not available. We have included the onsite survey, and the coding manual for the onsite survey in order to show the data user what kinds of questions were asked to the visitors.
Lineage:
Methodology:
Methodology_Type: Field
Methodology_Description:
Data collection for this project proceeded in two phases.

(1) Onsite survey to determine who would receive mailback questionnaire:

There is not a permit system for the Charles Deam Wilderness, and visitor contact opportunities at developed trailheads are limited. Because of these factors and the need to obtain input from some people who were using the access road but not visiting the wilderness, a roadside interview process was selected for sampling. On randomly selected clusters of days between July 1, 1990 and June 30, 1991, visitors passing either direction at one of three randomly assigned interview points were briefly stopped and interviewed. The only exception to this process was the six randomly selected days that the interviewer attempted to contact users of the wilderness who originated from the Monroe Reservoir. A total of 105 sample days were planned, two weekday (three days each) and two weekend (two days each) clusters per month (one weekday and one weekend cluster for each month January – March). On each sample day, at a randomly selected location, traffic was stopped and interviews were conducted during two of six possible two-hour blocks of time (between 8:00 am and 8:00 pm), with the constraint that not more than 6 hours would exist between the two time blocks chose on one day.

The purpose of this interview was to determine if the group in the vehicle was visiting the Deam for recreational purposes or if they were driving through. If they were there for a recreational visit, all adults over 16 were asked to provide a name and address where a mailback questionnaire could be sent to them at a later date. If the group was not visiting the Deam for recreational purposes, that was noted.

(2) Mailback Questionnaire:

The onsite survey resulted in contact with 2400 people, and about 48% of those contacted (1148) were visiting the wilderness and, thus, eligible for a mailback questionnaire. Of those 1148 eligible participants, 717 agreed to receive a mailback survey. Of the 717 mailback questionnaires sent we have 525 responses.

See Watson et al. (1993) and the Watson study plan noted below.
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Watson, Alan E.
Originator: Niccolucci, Michael J.
Originator: Williams, Daniel R.
Publication_Date: 1993
Title:
Hikers and recreational stock users: predicting and managing recreation conflicts in three wildernesses
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Research Paper (RP)
Issue_Identification: INT-468
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Ogden, UT
Publisher: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.2737/int-rp-468
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Watson, Alan E.
Publication_Date: Unpublished material
Title:
Study plan: an in-depth analysis of the nature of conflict between hikers and recreational stock users in USDA Forest Service wilderness - The John Muir and Charles C. Deam cases
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document
Other_Citation_Details:
(available in full data publication download: \Supplements\Study plan.pdf)
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
No process steps have been described for this data set
Process_Date: Unknown
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Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
Overview_Description:
Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
\Data\Deam_Mailback_Data_1991.csv is a comma-delimited ASCII text file containing compiled response data from a mailback survey given to visitors of the Charles Deam Wilderness in 1990-1991. Below is a complete description of the variables within this file. * NOTE: 9999 and occasionally 999 are used to denote missing values.

SEQ = Sequential unique id for response

QNUM = Unique questionnaire id

DVDEAM = Date visited Deam Wilderness in the format mdd. July-Dec dates are from 1990, January-June dates are from 1991.

(1) FISHING-OTHERDES = What activities were participated in during this visit and how important were each to your decision to make this trip? (1=participated, but not a major reason for making trip; 2=major reason for making trip; 3=both items checked; blank=unchecked/did not participate)
FISHING = fishing
HUNTING = hunting
HUNTCHEK = checking out places to hunt
HIKONTRL = hiking on trails
HIKOFTRL = hiking off trails
CAVING = caving
VIEWSCEN = viewing scenery
NATURSTD = nature study
PHOTO = photography
SWIMMING = swimming
CAMPING = camping
PICNICK = picnicking
COLECTED = collecting edibles
CAMPTIME = spending time in camp
HORSERID = horseback riding
CRCNSKI = cross-country skiing
OTHERACT = other activies
OTHERDES = description of other activities

(2) STAOVWIL = On this visit, did you stay overnight inside the wilderness (1=yes; blank=no/unchecked)
(2) TOTNITSW = Total number of nights in wilderness
(2) STABHCOV = On this visit, did you stay in the blackwell horse camp? (1=yes; blank=no/unchecked)
(2) NITESBHC = Number of nights at Blackwell horse camp?
(2) CMPDNROD = On this visit, did you camp near the road bordering wilderness? (1=yes; blank=no/unchecked)
(2) NITSNROD = Number of nights camped near road bordering wilderness?
(2) NOVRNIT = Did not stay overnight on this visit. (1=yes; blank=no/unchecked)
(2) WILHOURS = If NOVRNIT=1, number of hours in wilderness
(2) NUMTRIP = Approximate number of trips into the wilderness from the horse camp

(3) TYPFUEL = What type of fuel did you use on this trip? (1=wood; 2=gas; 3=charcoal; 4=sterno; 5=chemical; 6=other)
(3) OTHRFUEL = Description of other type of fuel
(3) TIMEWOOD = How many times on trip did you have a wood fire?
(3) WOODEVEN = Number of wood fires in the evening?
(3) EVENJOY = Number of wood fires for enjoyment, not cooking?

(4) SAWTOTAL-WALKMOST = We would like to know three things about the number of different types of groups you met while in the Deam:
{TOTAL/TOTL} = The total number of each type of group you saw on the entire trip.
{LEAST/LEST} = The least number of each type of group you saw in a single day
{MOST} = The most number of each type of group you saw in a single day

(4a) SAW{TOTAL/LEAST/MOST} = Number of groups seen in Wilderness
(4b) LG{TOTAL/LEAST/MOST} = Number of large groups - greater than 6 people
(4c) HORS{TOTL/LEST/MOST} = Number of groups seen with mules or horses in Wildernes
(4d) CAMP{TOTL/LEST/MOST} = If you camped, number of groups that camped within sight or sound of your campsite
(4e) WALK{TOTL/LEST/MOST} = Number of groups that walked past your camp

(5) LMTSZGRP = Should there be a limit to the size of parties visiting the Deam? (1=no; 2=yes)
(5) MXNBRPPL-MXNMBHRS = If "yes" to LMTSZGRP, what is the maximum number per party that should be permitted for each of the following:
MXNBRPPL = people in hiking parties
MXHRSPPL = people in horse parties
MXNMBHRS = horses

(6) CTRLNUMB = Do you feel that conrols are needed on number of people using the Deam (1=yes, controls are needed to lower current use; 2=yes, controls are need to hold current use; 3=no controls now but maybe in the future; 4=no controls now or in the future)

(7) FIRSTCUM-BYUSEFEE = How would you feel about the following management policies to limit the number of people entering the wilderness: (1=strongly favor; 2=favor; 3=neutral; 4=oppose; 5=strongly oppose)
FIRSTCUM = by issuing a limited number of permits on a first come, first serve basis
DRAWING = by issuing a limited number of permits on a drawing (or lottery) basis
BYMAIL = by issuing a limited number of permits through a mail reservation system
USERFEE = by charging a flat rate user fee
BYUSEFEE = by charging a higher fee at congested times and places

(8) GROUPS-QUALINFL = Which of the items listed below influence the quality of your wilderness experience in the Deam? (1=not at all; 2=slightly; 3=somewhat; 4=moderate amount; 5=very much; 6=extreme amount)
GROUPS = The number of groups of hikers I see along the trail
PEOPLE = The total number of people I see along the trail
LGROUPS = The total number of large groups I see along the trial (more than 6 people)
HKRCAMPS = The number of hiker groups that camp within sight or sound of my campsite
HKRWALKS = The total number of hiker groups that walk past my campsite
HRSGROUP = The number of horse groups that I see along the trail
HORSES = The total number of horses I see along the trail
HRSCAMPS = The number of horse groups that camp within sight or sound of my campsite
HRSWALKS = The number of horse groups that travel past my campsite while I am there
INSIGHT = The percent of time that other people are in sight while I'm along the trail
HRSSIZE = The size of horse parties I meet (number of horses per group)
HKRSIZE = The size of hiker parties I meet (number of hikers per group)
QUALINFL = Any other items that influence the quality of your experience in the Deam

(9) PPLTRLLU-HKSSGULA = Preference for wilderness conditions in the Deam?
{LLU/LU}-{ULU/UU} = range of values that is completely unacceptable
{PRE/PR} = point that is most preferred
{LLA/LA}-{ULA/UA} = range of values that is acceptable

(9A) PPLTR{ZZZ} = Total number of people I see hiking along the trail in a day (lower limit unacceptable)
(9B) LGTRL{ZZZ} = Number of large groups (more than 6 people) that I see along the trail in a day
(9C) GRPCS{ZZZ} = Number of hiker groups that camp within sight or sound of my campsite
(9D) NGWCS{ZZZ} = Number of hiker groups that walk past my campsite in a day
(9E) HRSGR{ZZZ} = Number of horse groups I see along the trails in a day
(9F) HRSSG{ZZZ} = Number of horse riders I see in a single group traveling together
(9G) HRTRDA{ZZ} = Total number of horses I see along the trail in a day
(9H) HRSCS{ZZZ} = Number of horse groups that travel past my campsite in a day
(9I) HKGRTR{ZZ} = Number of hiker groups I see along the trail in a day
(9J) HRSSGR{ZZ} = Number of horses I see in a single horse group
(9K) HKSSG{ZZZ} = Number of hikers I see in a single group traveling together

(10) DAYHKRS-LVDOGS = Evaluations of encounters with other groups during this visit to Deam wilderness? (1=enjoyed meeting them; 2=didn't mind meeting them; 3=disliked meeting them; 4=didn't meet any)
DAYHKRS = Hikers with daypacks
BKPAKERS = Hikers with backpacks (overnight campers)
HORSEBAK = Horseback Riders
LVDOGS = Dog(s) accompanying a group

(11) DESHKRS-DESDOGS = In general, when you go into the wilderness how desirable do you find it to meet each of the following types of trail users along the trail? (1=very desirable; 2=desirable; 3=neutral; 4=undesirable; 5=very undesirable)
DESHKRS = Hikers with daypacks
DESPKRS = Hikers with backpacks (overnight campers)
DESRIDER = Horseback Riders
DESDOGS = Dog(s) accompanying a group

(12) LOSOFEXP = Did others' behavior interfere with your enjoyment (1=yes; 2=no)
(12) LOSDAHKR-LOSOTHER = if "yes" to LOSOFEXP, what type of group was it: (1=yes; blank=no/unchecked or their response was not unclear)
LOSDAHKR = Hikers with daypacks
LOSBPKRS = Hikers with backpacks (overnight campers)
LOSHORSE = Horseback riders
LOSOTHRS = Other
LOSOTHER = description of other

(13) SEIMPACT = Did you notice physical impacts believed to be caused by innappropriate behaviors of others? (1=yes; 2=no)
(13) DESIMPCT = if "yes" to SEIMPACT, description of impact and behavior

(14) SATDEAM-AHACHED = Please indicate the extent to which each statement below describes your general feelings about the Deam Wilderness. (1=strongly agree; 2=agree; 3=neutral; 4=disagree; 5=strongly disagree)
(14a) SATDEAM = I get greater satisfaction from the Deam than any other recreational place
(14b) FURTGEN = It is important to me that future generations will be able to use this place
(14c) NOSUBAR = I wouldn't subsitute any other area for doing the types of things I did here
(14d) TIMSPNTE = The time I spent here could have easily been spent somewhere else
(14 e) LIFORGPL = I find that a lot of my life is organized around this place
(14f) FRNDSJOY = Most of my friends would enjoy this place
(14g) MAJREASN = One of the major reason I live where I do is because this place is nearby
(14h) DEMNFUTR = I plan on visiting this place as often or more often in the future than I have in the past
(14i) PLPTOFME = I feel like this place is a part of me
(14j) MORETIME = I would prefer to spend more time here if I could
(14k) JOYTYPTH = I enjoy doing the type of things I did here in this area more than in any other area
(14l) PLNOFEEL = This place makes me feel like no other place can
(14m) AHACHED = I am very attached to this place

(15) BKPKSKIL-OILWATER = This section deals with your perception of similarities and differences between hikers and horse users in the Deam. (1=strongly agree; 2=agree; 3=neutral; 4=disagree; 5=strongly disagree)
(15a) BKPKSKIL = It takes more skill to backpack in wilderness than to visit the wilderness on horseback
(15b) STOKSKIL = Learning to handle stock is an important wilderness skill
(15c) PLANTRIP = Trips by horseback are more difficult to plan than backpacking trips
(15d) SKILTIME = It takes more time to acquire the skills necessary to ride a horse into wilderness than it does to walk into wilderness
(15 e) HORSKILL = I am often impressed with the horsemanship skills of riders I meet in the wilderness
(15f) HORSENVY = I am often envious of those who ride horses into the wilderness
(15g) HRSRTWAY = Horse riders should have the right-of-way when hikers and horse riders meet in the wilderness
(15h) HKRRYWAY = Hikers should have the right-of-way when hikers and horse riders meet in the wilderness
(15i) RIDERUDE = Horse riders are often rude to hikers they meet along the trail
(15j) HIKERUDE = Hikers are often rude to horse riders they meet along the trail
(15k) RITAWAY = There are some situations where horses should have the right-of-way and some situations where hikers should have the right-of-way when they meet on the trail
(15L) SPNDMONY-SAMVALUE = Horse riders and hikers are similar in the following ways.
SPNDMONY = They spend about the same amount of money to visit wilderness
SAMPLACE = They live in similar types of places
SAMESTYL = They have similar lifestyles
SAMEJOBS = They have similar types of jobs
SAMEDUC = They have similar levels of education
SAMEAGE = They are about the same age
SAMEWAGE = They have about the same income
REARING = They grew up in similar types of places
SAMETRAV = They travel about the same distance to the wilderness
SAMREAS = They come to wilderness for similar reasons
ENJOYSAM = They enjoy the same things about the wilderness
SAMVALUE = They have similar feelings about the values of the wilderness
(15m) RIDERACC = Horse riders have access to the best trails in the area
(15n) OILWATER = Horses and hikers don't mix well on the trails

(16) ALONE-LESSPPL = Please evaluate each of the following statements in terms of what you believe the Deam Wilderness should be. (1=strongly agree; 2=agree; 3=neutral; 4=disagree; 5=strongly disagree)
ALONE = A place to be alone
SOMHORSE = A place with some horse travel
NOHORSE = A place with no horses allowed
MOREPPL = A place with more people
VISREGS = A place with strict visitor regulations
HKONLYTR = A place with some trails for hikers only
TRELESOP = A place with many treeless openings
LESSPPL = A place with less people

(17) BEALONE-TMNYHUNT = Please evaluate these statements in terms of what you believe the Deam Wilderness is. (1=strongly agree; 2=agree; 3=neutral; 4=disagree; 5=strongly disagree)
BEALONE = A place to be alone
MANYREGS = A place with too many regulations
HIKRSGO = A place with some areas where only hikers go
NTENUFRG = A place with not enough regulations
TOMNYPPL = A place with too many people
SKILTEST = A place to test my skills
TOMNYBPS = A place with too many backpackers
TMNYDAHK = A place with too many day hikers
TMNYHORS = A place with too many horses
TMNYHUNT = A place with too many hunters

(18) EXENVIR-CORELATE = Please indicate the extent to which each statement below describes your recent visit to the Deam Wilderness. (1=strongly agree; 2=agree; 3=neutral; 4=disagree; 5=strongly disagree)
(18a) EXENVIR = I often stopped along the trail to examine the environment in detail
(18b) SOLCLOS = The solitude of this place helped to bring my companion(s) and me closer together
(18c) ATTONACT = I focused a lot of my attention on outdoor activites and skills
(18d) STUDENVI = I spent a lot of my time studying the features of the environment
(18e) APLYSKIL = I thought a lot about how I could apply my outdoor skills
(18f) SHAREXP = I really enjoyed sharing the experience with my companion(s)
(18g) LAYLAND = I tried to learn as much as possible about the lay of the land
(18h) USESKIL = I felt good about how much I was able to use my outdoor skills
(18i) COMPTIME = Spending time with my companion(s) was the focal point of the trip for me
(18j) TIMEXPLR = I spent a lot of time just exploring the area
(18k) TIMECOMP = I spent a lot of time with my companion(s)
(18l) DORECACT = I spent most of my time doing and thinking about outdoor recreation activities that are important to me
(18m) PLACEXPL = Exploring the place was the focal point of the trip for me
(18n) IMPODACT = I spent most of my time improving my skills in outdoor activites that are important to me
(18o) CORELATE = I thought a lot about my relationship(s) with my companion(s) on the trip

(19) HORSPACT-DESCOTHR = This set of items concerns problems you may have run into on your visit to the Deam. Please tell us how much of a problem you perceive each item to be. Please answer in relation to conditions you encountered inside the Deam Wilderness boundaries, not in the Blackwell Horse Camp. (1=no problem at all; 2=a small problem; 3=a moderate problem; 4=a big problem; 5=don't know)
(19a) HORSPACT = Trails heavily impacted by horse use
(19b) OFFTRAIL = Inability to get off the trail when meeting other groups
(19c) SEEDUNG = Horse manure on the trails
(19d) HKRMANIA = Too many hikers on the trails
(19e) HRSMANIA = Too many horses on the trails
(19f) CAMPSCAT = Horse manure in the campsite area
(19g) DEADIRT = Stream bank or lake shore erosion due to stock use
(19h) HORSEVEG = Horse damage to vegetation (trampled meadows, damaged trees)
(19i) HUMANVEG = Human damage to vegetation (hatchet or axe marks on trees, etc.)
(19j) NOWOOD = Not enough firewood
(19k) LITTER = Litter
(19l) ROWDYNES = Rowdy people
(19m) LGRPSPPL = Too many large groups
(19n) INADISPO = Inadequate disposal of human body wastes
(19o) TMNYPPLA = Too many people in the area as a whole
(19p) PPLCRTPL = Too many people at certain places in the area
(19q) DOGSDW = Dogs
(19r) LOFLYPLN = Low flying aircraft
(19s) SONBOOMS = Sonic booms
(19t) WATERPOL = Lakes/streams appear polluted
(19u) OTHRPROB = Other
(19u) DESCOTHR = description of other

(20) WILDTIME = length of visit into wilderness areas like the Deam (1=usually stay only a few hours; 2=usually stay a full day; 3=usually stay one or two nights; 4=usually stay more than two nights)

(21) GRADE = How satisfied were you with the Deam and what kind of grade would you give it (1=A, very good; 2=B, good; 3=C, fair; 4=D, poor; 5=F, very poor)
(21) ENVSCEN-REASOTH3 = What made you feel this way? (derived from text response) (1=yes; blank=no/not mentioned or response unclear)
ENVSCEN = Environment - scenery
GOODTRL = Good trails and facilities
POORTRL = Poor trails and facilities
SOLITUDE = Solitude
CROWDING = Crowding
GOODKILL = Good fishing and hunting
POORKILL = Poor fishing and hunting
GOODCAMP = Good campsites
POORCAMP = Poor campsites
GOODAGEN = Good to see agency personnel
BADAGEN = Bad to see agency personnel
FRNDFAM = To be with friends/family
REASOTH1 = Other 1 - wildlife
REASOTH2 = Other 2 - loud partying
REASOTH3 = Other 3 - way of living

(22) PREVDVIS = How many times have you visited the Deam before
(22) FRSTVIS = How many years ago did you first visit the Deam Wilderness
(22) NUMOTHRW = How many other wilderness areas have you visited? (1=this is the only one; 2=1-2 other areas; 3=3-5 areas; 4=over 5 areas)
(22) TIMVSPST = Including this visit how many times did you visit any wilderness in the past 12 months

(23) TYPCLUB = Do you belong to an organization that is primarily concerned with conservation or outdoor recreation (derived from text response) (1=wilderness-oriented organizations (Sierra Club, Wilderness Society, Local Wilderness Association, Friends of the Earth, National Parks Association); 2=other conservation organizations (The American Forestry Association, National Wildlife Federation, Audubon, Ducks Unlimited, Trout Unlimited); 3=youth organizations (Boy Scouts, Girl Scouts, Camp Fire); 4=riding associations (Backcountry Horsemen); 5=Other Resource Organizations (Rod and Gun Club); 6=Other (NRA, etc); 7=Combinations of 1 and 2; 8=Cominations other than 1 and 2; 9=No organizations)

(24) GROWNUP = Which of these places did you spend the most time growing up (1=on a farm or ranch; 2=rural or small town (under 1,000 population); 3=town (1,000 - 5,000 population); 4=small city (5,000 - 50,000 population); 5=medium city (50,000 - 1 million population); 6=in a major city or metropolitan area (over 1 million people))

(25) NOWLIVE = Type of community you live in now (1=on a farm or ranch; 2=rural or small town (under 1,000 population); 3=town (1,000 - 5,000 population); 4=small city (5,000 - 50,000 population); 5=medium city (50,000 - 1 million population); 6=in a major city or metropolitan area (over 1 million people))

(26) EDUCATN = Highest level of education obtained (1=less than 8; 2=8; 3=9; 4=10; 5=11; 6=12; 7=13; 8=14; 9=15; 10=16; 11=greater than 16)
(26) STUDSTIL = Are you still a student (1=yes; 2=no)

(27) OCCUP = Current employment status (1=employed outside the home; 2=unemployed; 3=retired; 4=full-time homemaker; 5=student; 6=temporarily laid off)
(27) FULLPART = Employed full or part time (1=full-time; 2=part-time)
(27) STUDTIME = Student full or part time (1=full-time; 2=part-time)

(28) JOBTITLE = Current job title
(28) KINDWORK = Kind of work
(28) COMPYBUS = Kind of company or business

(29) HHINCOME = Annual household income before taxes (1=less than 5,000; 2=5,000-9,999; 3=10,000-14,999; 4=15,000-19,999; 5=20,000-24,999; 6=25,000-34,999; 7=35,000-49,999; 8=50,000-74,999; 9=75,000-100,000; 0=greater than 100,000)

(12) DESBEHAV = Description of the behavior that interfered with your enjoyment of the visit
Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:
\Supplements\Mailback survey instrument.pdf
Overview_Description:
Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
This data publication includes 10 PDF or PDF/a files:

\Supplements\Appendices questions and rationale.pdf is an Adobe Acrobat PDF file containing rationale for questions asked in the survey.

\Supplements\Final results with summary data.pdf is an Adobe Acrobat PDF file containing the scan of a report written in January 1992 summarizing the results of a "Study of Wilderness Areas"

\Supplements\Study Plan.pdf is an Adobe Acrobat PDF file containing the study plan "An in-depth analysis of the nature of conflict between hikers and recreational stock users in the USDA Forest Service Wilderness: the John Muir and Charles C. Deam cases".

\Supplements\Survey mailings.pdf is an Adobe Acrobat PDF file containing a scan of 3 different letters sent to those that received the survey or required follow-up correspondence.

\Supplements\PhaseI_Onsite_survey\Coding manual Onsite survey.pdf is an Adobe Acrobat PDF file containing a list of the questions in the survey and their associated variable names and answer codes for the onsite survey.

\Supplements\PhaseI_Onsite_survey\Onsite survey and sampling plan.pdf is an Adobe Acrobat PDF file containing the onsite survey questions and the proposed sampling plan.

\Supplements\PhaseI_Onsite_survey\Onsite survey instrument.pdf is an Adobe Acrobat PDF file containing a scan of the onsite interview survey used for this study.

\Supplements\PhaseII_Mailback_survey\Coding manual embedded in mailback survey.pdf is an Adobe Acrobat PDF file containing the mailback survey with the coding manual and variables names provided directly in the file.

\Supplements\PhaseII_Mailback_survey\Coding manual Mailback survey.pdf is an Adobe Acrobat PDF file containing a scan of handwritten notes describing the variables in the data file and how they relate to the survey questions.

\Supplements\PhaseII_Mailback_survey\Mailback survey instrument.pdf is an Adobe Acrobat PDF/a file containing the original mailback survey used to collect the data in Deam_Mailback_Data_1991.csv.
Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:
None provided.
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Distribution_Information:
Distributor:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: USDA Forest Service, Research and Development
Contact_Position: Research Data Archivist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 240 West Prospect Road
City: Fort Collins
State_or_Province: CO
Postal_Code: 80526
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: see Contact Instructions
Contact Instructions: This contact information was current as of February 2017. For current information see Contact Us page on: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS.
Resource_Description: RDS-2017-0013
Distribution_Liability:
Metadata documents have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness. Unless otherwise stated, all data and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. However, neither the author, the Archive, nor any part of the federal government can assure the reliability or suitability of these data for a particular purpose. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed for a user's application of these data or related materials.

The metadata, data, or related materials may be updated without notification. If a user believes errors are present in the metadata, data or related materials, please use the information in (1) Identification Information: Point of Contact, (2) Metadata Reference: Metadata Contact, or (3) Distribution Information: Distributor to notify the author or the Archive of the issues.
Standard_Order_Process:
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: ASCII
Format_Version_Number: see Format Specification
Format_Specification:
Comma-delimited ASCII text file (CSV)
File_Decompression_Technique: Files zipped with Winzip 14.0
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2017-0013
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: PDF
Format_Version_Number: see Format Specification
Format_Specification:
Adobe Acrobat PDF or PDF/a file
File_Decompression_Technique: Files zipped using Winzip 14.0
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2017-0013
Fees: None
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Metadata_Reference_Information:
Metadata_Date: 20170224
Metadata_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Alan Watson
Contact_Organization: USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Research Institute
Contact_Position: Research Social Scientist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 790 East Beckwith Avenue
City: Missoula
State_or_Province: MT
Postal_Code: 59801
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 406-542-4197
Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Biological Data Profile of the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001.1-1999
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