# Event runoff volume data and daily runoff data for the S2 and S6 catchments at the Marcell Experimental Forest

## Metadata:

- Identification_Information
- Data_Quality_Information
- Entity_and_Attribute_Information
- Distribution_Information
- Metadata_Reference_Information

Identification_Information:
  Citation:
    Citation_Information:
      Originator: Sebestyen, Stephen D.
      Originator: Kyllander, Richard
      Publication_Date: 2018
      Title:
      Event runoff volume data and daily runoff data for the S2 and S6 catchments at the Marcell Experimental Forest
      Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data
      Publication_Information:
        Publication_Place: Fort Collins, CO
        Publisher: Forest Service Research Data Archive
      Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2018-0020
  Description:
    Abstract:
      The data publication includes both estimated daily (2009-2015) and measured event (2009-2011) runoff volume data for both surface and subsurface plots in the S2 and S6 research catchments at the Marcell Experimental Forest (MEF) in Balsam Township, Itasca County, Minnesota. Runoff measurements were made at runoff plots installed on north-facing (S2S and S6S collectors) and south-facing (S2N and S6N) hillslopes of the uplands of each catchment (Sebestyen et al. 2011).
    Purpose:
      Runoff volumes have been measured in the S2 and S6 catchments at the Marcell Experimental Forest as part of the monitoring in the long-term research program.
    Supplemental_Information:
      Additional information about the Marcell Experimental Forest, its instrumentation, and data can be found at https://www.nrs.fs.fed.us/ef/marcell/ and in Sebestyen et al. 2011.
  Time_Period_of_Content:
    Time_Period_Information:
      Range_of_Dates/Times:
        Beginning_Date: 2009
        Ending_Date: 2015
    Currentness_Reference:
      Ground condition
  Status:
    Progress: Complete
    Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As needed
  Spatial_Domain:
    Description_of_Geographic_Extent:
      The USDA Forest Service Marcell Experimental Forest (MEF) is an 1140-hectare tract of land located 40 kilometers north of Grand Rapids in Balsam Township, Itasca County, Minnesota, USA. Measurements were made on the South Unit of MEF and the coordinates of runoff collectors are included in \Supplements\S2_S6_SiteLocations.csv. The bounding coordinates are the maximum extents of western, eastern, northern, and southern corners of both the North and South Units of the Marcell Experimental Forest.
      Watershed areas:
      S2 = 9.7 hectares
      S6 = 8.9 hectares
    Bounding_Coordinates:
      West_Bounding_Coordinate: -93.49200
      East_Bounding_Coordinate: -93.44900
      North_Bounding_Coordinate: 47.50000
      South_Bounding_Coordinate: 47.43300
      Bounding_Altitudes:
      Altitude_Minimum: 420.000
      Altitude_Maximum: 435.000
      Altitude_Distance_Units: meters (above mean sea level)
  Keywords:
    Theme:
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
      Theme_Keyword: environment
      Theme_Keyword: inlandWaters
    Theme:
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: National Research & Development Taxonomy
      Theme_Keyword: Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment
      Theme_Keyword: Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation
      Theme_Keyword: Natural Resource Management & Use
      Theme_Keyword: Water
      Theme_Keyword: Forest management
      Theme_Keyword: Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis
      Theme_Keyword: Monitoring
    Theme:
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
      Theme_Keyword: upland-peatland catchments
      Theme_Keyword: overland flow (OF)
      Theme_Keyword: shallow subsurface stormflow (SSF)
      Theme_Keyword: runoff plots
      Theme_Keyword: upland forest soils
      Theme_Keyword: subsurface runoff
      Theme_Keyword: surface runoff
      Theme_Keyword: long-term monitoring sites
      Theme_Keyword: catchment studies
      Theme_Keyword: small watershed approach
    Place:
      Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
      Place_Keyword: Marcell Experimental Forest
      Place_Keyword: Minnesota
  Access_Constraints: None
  Use_Constraints:
    These data were collected using funding from the U.S. Government and can be used without additional permissions or fees. If you use these data in a publication, presentation, or other research product please use the following citation:
    Sebestyen, Stephen D.; Kyllander, Richard. 2018. Event runoff volume data and daily runoff data for the S2 and S6 catchments at the Marcell Experimental Forest. Fort Collins, CO: Forest Service Research Data Archive. https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2018-0020
  Point_of_Contact:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Person_Primary:
        Contact_Person: Stephen D. Sebestyen
        Contact_Organization: USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station
      Contact_Position: Research Hydrologist
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing and physical
        Address: Forestry Sciences Lab, 1831 HWY 169 E
        City: Grand Rapids
        State_or_Province: MN
        Postal_Code: 55744
        Country: USA
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 218-326-7108
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: `ssebestyen@fs.fed.us`
  Browse_Graphic:
    Browse_Graphic_File_Name: MEF_map_S2_S6.jpg
    Browse_Graphic_File_Description:
      JPEG file containing a 50 centimeter contour map of the S2 and S6 catchments at Marcell Experimental Forest along with the locations of meteorological stations, weirs, rain gauges, etc.
    Browse_Graphic_File_Type: JPG
  Data_Set_Credit:
    Funding for this project provided by USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
  Cross_Reference:
    Citation_Information:
      Originator: Kolka, Randall K.
      Originator: Sebestyen, Stephen D.
      Originator: Verry, Elon S.
      Originator: Brooks, Kenneth (ed.)
      Publication_Date: 2011
      Title:
      An evolving research agenda at the Marcell Experimental Forest. Chapter 3.
      Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: book chapter
      Other_Citation_Details:
        pages 73-91
      Online_Linkage: https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/37980
      Larger_Work_Citation:
        Citation_Information:
          Originator: Kolka, Randall K. (ed.)
          Originator: Sebestyen, Stephen D. (ed.)
          Originator: Verry, Elon S. (ed.)
          Originator: Brooks, Kenneth N. (ed.)
          Publication_Date: 2011
          Title:
          Peatland biogeochemistry and watershed hydrology at the Marcell Experimental Forest
          Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: book
          Publication_Information:
            Publication_Place: Boca Raton, FL
            Publisher: CRC Press
          Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1201/b10708
  Cross_Reference:
    Citation_Information:
      Originator: Sebestyen, Stephen D.
      Originator: Dorrance, Carrie
      Originator: Olson, Donna M.
      Originator: Verry, Elon S.
      Originator: Kolka, Randall K.
      Originator: Elling, Art E.
      Originator: Kyllander, Richard
      Publication_Date: 2011
      Title:
      Long-term monitoring sites and trends at the Marcell Experimental Forest. Chapter 2.
      Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: book chapter
      Other_Citation_Details:
        pages 15-71
      Online_Linkage: https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/37979
      Larger_Work_Citation:
        Citation_Information:
          Originator: Kolka, Randall K. (ed.)
          Originator: Sebestyen, Stephen D. (ed.)
          Originator: Verry, Elon S. (ed.)
          Originator: Brooks, Kenneth N. (ed.)
          Publication_Date: 2011
          Title:
          Peatland biogeochemistry and watershed hydrology at the Marcell Experimental Forest
          Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: book
          Publication_Information:
            Publication_Place: Boca Raton, FL
            Publisher: CRC Press
          Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1201/b10708

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Data_Quality_Information:
  Attribute_Accuracy:
    Attribute_Accuracy_Report:
      Runoff volumes < 5 liters (L), were visually estimated by observing the amount of water in a stainless steel pail with a capacity to hold 5 L of water before draining to a larger approximately (~) 700 L tank. Values < 5 L are expected to be accurate within 0.5 to 1 L.
      When runoff volumes exceeded 5 L, runoff drained into an ~700-L tank. Runoff volumes were calculated by adding the 5 L of water in the pail to the volume in the larger basin. Water volumes in basins were read from calibrated stand-pipes inside each ~700-L tank. Tank volumes were calibrated before installation in shelters at the field sites. Runoff volumes > 5 L and < 10 L are expected to be accurate to within 1 to 2 L. Runoff volumes > 10 L and < 100 L are expected to be accurate to within 5 L. Runoff volumes > 100 L are expected to be accurate to within 10 L.
      Sebestyen, Stephen D.; Dorrance, Carrie; Olson, Donna M.; Verry, Elon S.; Kolka, Randall K.; Elling, Art E.; Kyllander, Richard. 2011. Long-term monitoring sites and trends at the Marcell Experimental Forest. Chapter 2. In: Kolka, Randall K.; Sebestyen, Stephen D.; Verry, Elon S.; Brooks,Kenneth N., eds. Peatland biogeochemistry and watershed hydrology at the Marcell Experimental Forest. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press: 15-71. https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/37979 and https://doi.org/10.1201/b10708
  Logical_Consistency_Report:
    not applicable
  Completeness_Report:
    Missing data are denoted by blank cells. Missing values indicate that no estimate was possible due to measurement gaps or errors that prevented recording of values that were needed to calculate daily runoff values. Gaps usually occurred with power failures. Sensor errors were sometimes a problem. Though rare, float tapes were sometimes dislodged from shaft encoders.
    Values of zero indicate there was no runoff on that day.
    Event runoff volumes (overland flow [OF] and shallow subsurface stormflow [SSF]) were recorded for each of the four runoff plots: S2S, S2N, S6S, and S6N. Event runoff volumes have been recorded from 1969-1973 and since the 1980s in the S2 catchment; and since the 1980s at the S6 catchment. These data are not yet available for archiving, and will be added at a later time.
    Estimates of daily runoff (OF and SSF) were calculated from sensor logged data. Sensors and logging systems were incrementally installed, starting during 2008 at S2S, then S2N during 2010, and at S6N during 2013. A similar system is planned, though not yet installed at S6S.
    For the S2 catchment, estimates of daily runoff may eventually be available back to 1986 when Belfort FW-1 stripchart recorders were placed to measure water tank levels. Metadata and data will be reported when resources become available to digitize stripcharts, automate calculation of runoff from the recorded data, and complete quality assurance and quality control data checks.
  Lineage:
  Methodology:
  Methodology_Type: Field
  Methodology_Description:
    LOCATION:
    The S2 and S6 catchments are located on the South Unit of the Marcell Experimental Forest (MEF). Studies in these research catchments were initiated during the early 1960s. The S2 catchment has a 6.5-hectare (ha) deciduous uplands forest dominated by aspen (Populus tremuloides) and white birch (Betula papyrifera). The S2 catchment is a reference basin for paired catchment studies at the MEF (Sebestyen et al. 2011). The S6 catchment has a 6.9-ha uplands forest. The forest was similar in composition to the S2 uplands prior to the start of a forest harvesting study during 1980. The S6 uplands forest has had conifer cover since 1983, after a 100% clearcut of the upland forest and replanting in white spruce (Picea glauca) and red pine (Pinus resinosa; Sebestyen et al. 2011). Both catchments have soils that developed in surficial glacial tills on deep (50 meters) outwash sand deposits. Each catchment has a central, ombrotrophic, raised-dome bog with a black spruce (Picea mariana)-Sphagnum community. The bog in S2 is 3.2 ha in size and the bog in S6 is 1.9 ha. Verry 2018 provides more details about the historical forest cover of MEF watersheds.
    STUDY DESIGN:
    Two hydrological technicians (D. Kyllander and C. Dorrance) were responsible for field measurements, data recording, and data curation of runoff collectors. Runoff measurements were made at runoff plots installed on north-facing (S2S and S6S collectors) and south-facing (S2N and S6N) hillslopes of the uplands of each catchment (Sebestyen et al. 2011; Timmons et al. 1977). These runoff plots are used to measure surface runoff as overland flow (OF) and subsurface runoff as shallow subsurface stormflow (SSF) from upland hillslopes.
    Runoff volumes for events have been measured at S2 from 1969-1973, then again since the 1980s. At S6, measurements have been made since 1981.
    The runoff collectors were originally installed during the late 1960s in the S2 catchment for a comparison of runoff volumes and chemistry between agricultural lands and forests (Timmons et al. 1977). The intent was to collect runoff on the two different aspects that affect the accumulation and ablation of snow packs, and evapotranspiration in the catchment. When the S6 catchment was instrumented, the choice of two dominant aspects was repeated to allow comparisons between the S2 and S6 catchments during and after a harvest/forest conversion study on the S6 uplands (Sebestyen et al. 2011). The runoff plots are located on planar hillslopes to avoid divergent or convergent flowpaths that would occur on concave or convex surfaces. The elevation change on the runoff plots is < 5 meters. Locations are designated by the watershed (first 2 characters: S2 or S6) and a third character (N or S). N designates a south-facing plot on the north side of a bog, and S designates a north-facing plot on the south side of a bog.
    Starting 2008, the total runoff measurements during events were supplemented with electronic water level sensors and data loggers were used to measure water levels in calibrated runoff tanks every 5 minutes. These data were used to estimate daily runoff from runoff plots. Note: flow from runoff plots is intermittent and most of the time, there is no flow.
    For more information on the basic premise of the runoff collectors and collection system, see also: Mutchler 1963, Timmons et al. 1977, and Verry and Timmons 1982.
    INSTRUMENTATION:
    The runoff collectors include the runoff plots on hillslopes and the wooden shelters with water collection basins for surface and subsurface runoff. The shelters with tanks are downslope of the runoff plots that capture the water that drains from hillslopes. Overland surface runoff plots were 1.8-meters (m) wide and running from midslope to the tops of slopes. Surface plots were bounded by galvanized sheet metal that was vertically inserted through forest floors into shallow mineral soils. Overland flow (OF) occurs as runoff through the forest floor overlying mineral soils, typically when soils are severely frozen (Verry et al. 2011). Water from surface runoff plots was routed through a galvanized metal pan into a PVC pipe that drained first into a 5-liter (L) pail. When full to 5-liters, water from the pail then drains into a 700-L tank for runoff volume measurement. Subsurface runoff plots were beside OF plots.
    In each plot, lateral subsurface stormflow (SSF) from a B soil horizon (about 30-centimeters deep) overlying a Bt2 soil horizon drained into in a hillslope trench. A 1.82 m long stainless steel well screen was placed in a trench to capture the SSF. A trench was backfilled with native soil, and a thin stainless steel sheet was placed about 5-cm above the well screen to prevent infiltration of surface runoff into the trench. A well screen was connected to a PVC pipe that emptied into a collection pail and tank. Water volumes were read from a calibrated stand pipe in each tank at the time of emptying. A tank could fill in less than 12 hours when runoff was highest. Runoff volumes were measured before a tank was emptied (upon filling or when flow from the runoff event stopped). Though possible, no tanks overflowed during the period (2009-2015) covered by the data set. Enclosures were heated during winter and spring to prevent freezing.
    Tank volumes were calibrated before installation in shelters at the field sites. Every 10-L interval of volume is marked on a standpipe (a horizontal line at each additional 10-L increment and each 100-L increment labeled next to a line). (See \Supplements\Images for different pictures of the instrumentation.)
    EVENT RUNOFF MEASUREMENTS:
    Runoff collectors are checked at least weekly. Since tanks may fill and overflow during large or extended duration events, the runoff collectors are checked more frequently after rainfall or at times when snowmelt may have occurred.
    Runoff volumes are read from a calibrated standpipe in each tank and recorded upon filling or when flow from the runoff event stopped. Runoff may slowly drip into a tank for days without filling the tank. Alternatively, a tank may fill in 12 hours or less from a steady flow of water, and need to be repeatedly emptied throughout a runoff event to allow incremental refilling/draining for accurate measurement of event runoff for extended-duration, large runoff events. It is possible for a tank to fill and overflow before being checked, in which case the volume was recorded as the amount of water in the tank and a note was taken about the tank having overflow. After a volume was recorded, a tank was drained to allow refilling if flow continued, or to ready a tank for the next runoff event if flow had stopped. The date, time, tank volume, and notes (e.g., about flow continuing or having stopped, overflow, weather conditions, other info relevant to the operation/maintenance/status of the runoff collector) were recorded on a paper field data sheet each time that a tank was emptied. Associated water samples for chemical analysis were collected (Sebestyen et al. 2017), with a serial number assigned to each water sample. Observations were usually made within a day or two of flow cessation. The date and time represent the time at which the recording was made after an event ended or the tank was drained, and do not indicate the actual start or stop time of runoff. The runoff volume is the total volume of water that had accumulated in the tank from the start of runoff or since the last emptying to the time at which a tank was drained. To calculate total event runoff when a tank was emptied and allowed to refill, consecutive runoff volumes from the first drain/refill cycle through the cessation of flow. Event runoff volumes may include multiple rainfall-runoff events if flow restarted before a runoff collector was checked for measurement.
    Event runoff volumes < 5 L, were visually estimated by observing the amount of water in a stainless steel pail with a capacity to hold 5 L of water. Values < 5 L are expected to be accurate within 0.5 to 1 L. When runoff volumes exceeded 5 L, runoff drained into an ~700-L tank. Runoff volumes were calculated by adding the 5 L of water in the pail to the volume in the larger basin. Water volumes in basins were read from calibrated stand-pipes inside each ~700-L tank. On a standpipe, a horizontal line is marked at each 10-L increment and increments of 100 L are labeled next to the corresponding line. Runoff volumes > 5 L and < 10 L are expected to be accurate to within 1 to 2 L. Runoff volumes > 10 L and < 100 L are expected to be accurate to within 5 L. Runoff volumes > 100 L are expected to be accurate to within 10 L.
    Paper field data sheets are stored at the Forestry Sciences Lab in Grand Rapids, MN. Kyllander and Dorrance entered data into electronic spreadsheet within days to weeks of sample collection. Sometimes other technicians entered the data, mostly notes. Sebestyen curates the paper and electronic records. All computers files are stored with multiple redundancy on desktop computers and backup drives at the Forestry Sciences Lab and elsewhere.
    ESTIMATES OF DAILY RUNOFF:
    Starting during 2008, electronic water level recorders and data loggers were used to measure water levels in OF and SSF tanks at S2S every 5 minutes. Similar systems were installed at the S2N runoff collector during 2010 and at the S6N runoff collector during 2013. The control and measurement programs were later modified to record levels every 4 hours when water levels were stable and every five minutes as tanks filled or drained. These measurements are used to estimate daily runoff of OF and SSF at each runoff plot.
    A float-pulley-counterweight system drives the rotation of the shaft encoder (Handar or Vaisala, Louisville, CO, 436B incremental shaft encoders). The float sits on the bottom of a 700-L tank when a tank is empty and rises as water fills the tank after the 5-L pail starts overflow. Each shaft encoder has a resolution of 0.3 centimeters (cm). The date/time and water level at that time are recorded by Campbell Scientific Inc (Logan, UT) CR1000 dataloggers. The water level sensor systems were setup and programmed by Sebestyen. The programs (CRBasic language in .CR1 format) are archived on desktop computers at the Forestry Sciences Lab in Grand Rapids, MN. Data were recorded as comma-delimited text files (.dat files), downloaded every one to four weeks from dataloggers using a Juniper Systems (Logan, UT) handheld field computer. The files are saved as .dat files and converted to.csv (comma-delimited ASCII text) files when transferred to personal computers for storage, compilation, and daily runoff volume calculation.
    Water level values were converted into volumes using a water level height-volume relationship for the tanks in the runoff collectors. Data from individual .csv files were compiled into annual files (by calendar year) using macros (VBA, Visual Basic) in Microsoft Excel. Spurious logged values (> 2 feet [ft] of water recorded height) were removed prior to calculating runoff volumes. Due to minimal sensor drift or physical contraction/expansion of tanks and structures, some recorded values were < 0 ft (-0.02 ft or 0.01 ft) and these values were replaced with 0. When similar reasons or sensor drift led to recording of slightly positive values (> 0 ft and < 0.04 ft) during periods of no flow, those values were subtracted from the following periods when flow occurred to account for artificts that would have led to the incorrect estimation of runoff volumes. The macros were also used to calculate hourly runoff amounts for overflow (OF) and subsurface flows (SSF) for each of the runoff plots with sensor data. The macros add in the first five liters of runoff (captured in a pail and that volume is not measured by a logging sensor system) and account for volumes that were collected manually or by ISCO/Teledyne (Lincoln, NE) automated water samplers (Sebestyen et al. 2017). These volumes were added in five minute intervals prior to the recorded time of flow initiation or water sampling with timing and volumes prorated to preceding 5-minute periods by inflow rate. Hourly runoff amounts were summed for each day and recorded in the compilation/calculation spreadsheet (.xlxs file format). Runoff volumes were compared to manual measurements of tank volumes by visually assessing bivariate plots of estimated and measured tank volumes to check the estimates. Runoff volumes were not estimated for periods in which the sensor or datalogging system provided no values (blanks in the data spreadsheets). VBA code was written by Sebestyen and he maintains the code, macro-enabled spreadsheets, and all associated logger download files on a personal computer and backup drives.
  Methodology_Citation:
  Citation_Information:
    Originator: Verry, Elon Sandy
    Publication_Date: 2018
    Title:
    Marcell Experimental Watersheds 1968 vegetation survey data
    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data
    Publication_Information:
      Publication_Place: Fort Collins, CO
      Publisher: Forest Service Research Data Archive
    Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2018-0016
  Methodology_Citation:
  Citation_Information:
    Originator: Verry, Elon Sandy
    Originator: Brooks, Kenneth N.
    Originator: Nichols, D. S.
    Originator: Ferris, D. R.
    Originator: Sebestyen, Stephen D.
    Publication_Date: 2011
    Title:
    Watershed hydrology. Chapter 7.
    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: book chapter
    Other_Citation_Details:
      pages 193-212
    Online_Linkage: https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/37981
    Larger_Work_Citation:
      Citation_Information:
        Originator: Kolka, Randall K. (ed)
        Originator: Sebestyen, Stephen D. (ed)
        Originator: Verry, Elon S. (ed)
        Originator: Brooks, Kenneth N. (ed)
        Publication_Date: 2011
        Title:
        Peatland biogeochemistry and watershed hydrology at the Marcell Experimental Forest
        Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: book
        Publication_Information:
          Publication_Place: Boca Raton, FL
          Publisher: CRC Press
        Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1201/b10708
  Methodology_Citation:
  Citation_Information:
    Originator: Sebestyen, Stephen D.
    Originator: Funke, Meghan M.
    Originator: Cotner, James B.
    Originator: Larson, John T.
    Originator: Aspelin, Nathan A.
    Publication_Date: 2017
    Title:
    Water chemistry data for studies of the biodegradability of dissolved organic matter in peatland catchments at the Marcell Experimental Forest: 2009-2011
    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data
    Publication_Information:
      Publication_Place: Fort Collins, CO
      Publisher: Forest Service Research Data Archive
    Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2017-0067
  Methodology_Citation:
  Citation_Information:
    Originator: Sebestyen, Stephen D.
    Originator: Dorrance, Carrie
    Originator: Olson, Donna M.
    Originator: Verry, Elon S.
    Originator: Kolka, Randall K.
    Originator: Elling, Art E.
    Originator: Kyllander, Richard
    Publication_Date: 2011
    Title:
    Long-term monitoring sites and trends at the Marcell Experimental Forest. Chapter 2.
    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: book chapter
    Other_Citation_Details:
      pages 15-71
    Online_Linkage: https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/37979
    Larger_Work_Citation:
      Citation_Information:
        Originator: Kolka, Randall K. (ed)
        Originator: Sebestyen, Stephen D. (ed)
        Originator: Verry, Elon S. (ed)
        Originator: Brooks, Kenneth N. (ed)
        Publication_Date: 2011
        Title:
        Peatland biogeochemistry and watershed hydrology at the Marcell Experimental Forest
        Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: book
        Publication_Information:
          Publication_Place: Boca Raton, FL
          Publisher: CRC Press
        Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1201/b10708
  Methodology_Citation:
  Citation_Information:
    Originator: Timmons, D.R.
    Originator: Verry, Elron S.
    Originator: Burwell, R.E.
    Originator: Holt, R.F.
    Publication_Date: 1977
    Title:
    Nutrient transport in surface runoff and interflow from an aspen-birch forest
    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
    Series_Information:
      Series_Name: J. Environ. Qual.
      Issue_Identification: 6: 188-192
    Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1977.00472425000600020019x
  Methodology_Citation:
  Citation_Information:
    Originator: Mutchler, Calvin K.
    Publication_Date: 1963
    Title:
    Runoff plot design and installation for soil erosion studies
    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Document
    Series_Information:
      Series_Name: Agricultural Research Service
      Issue_Identification: ARS 41-79
    Publication_Information:
      Publisher: U.S. Department of Agriculture
    Other_Citation_Details:
      27 pages
  Methodology_Citation:
  Citation_Information:
    Originator: Verry, Elon S.
    Originator: Timmons, D.R.
    Publication_Date: 1982
    Title:
    Waterborne nutrient flow through an upland-peatland watershed in Minnesota
    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
    Series_Information:
      Series_Name: Ecology
      Issue_Identification: 63(5): 1456-1467
    Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.2307/1938872
    Online_Linkage: https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/12975
  Process_Step:
    Process_Description:
      See Methods section for details.
    Process_Date: Unknown

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Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
  Overview_Description:
    Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
      Below is a description of the data files available for download.
      \DATA\
      EventRunoffVolumes: ASCII text file containing 2009-2011 runoff volumes (OF and SSF) that were read on a date/time when a tank was drained. Variables are described below.
      LAB_ID = serial number assigned to each chemistry sample/runoff volume measurement and can be used to link a particular chemistry sample to the runoff volume at the time of sampling (see Sebestyen et al. 2017 for chemistry metadata and data)
      SITE = runoff plot designation (first two characters correspond to the catchment, S2 or S6, and the third letter corresponds to the aspect, N for south facing on the north side of a bog or S for north facing on the south side of the bog; four possible designations are: S2N, S2S, S6N, and S6S)
      NAME = name of the measurement location (Naming convention combines the SITE designation with the type of runoff plot. SURF = "surface" runoff plot for OF and SUB = "subsurface" runoff plot. The eight possible designations are S2N SURF, S2N SUB, S2S SURF, S2S SUB, S6N SURF, S6N SUB, S6S SURF, and S6S SUB.)
      TYPE = type of runoff (OF = overland flow from a surface runoff plot, SSF = shallow subsurface stormflow from a subsurface runoff plot)
      COLLECTED = the data and time at which a runoff measurement was made. (The format is m/d/yyyy h:mm where m=month, d=day, and yyyy=year).
      VOLUME = the volume of water in the runoff collector at the time of measurement/sample collection.
      DailyRunoffPlotData: ASCII text file containing estimates of daily runoff (OF or SSF) that were calculated from logged sensor data. Variables are described below.
      SITE = runoff plot designation (first two characters correspond to the catchment, S2 or S6, and the third letter corresponds to the aspect, N for south facing on the north side of bog or S for north facing on south side of bog; four possible designations are: S2N, S2S, S6N, and S6S)
      TYPE = type of runoff (OF = overland flow from a surface runoff plot, SSF = shallow subsurface stormflow from a subsurface runoff plot)
      DATE = date (m/d/yyyy where m=month, d=day, and yyyy=year)
      RUNOFF_L_day = volume of water in the runoff collector at the time of measurement/sample collection in liters per day (L/d)
    Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:
      none provided
  Overview_Description:
    Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
      Below is a description of the supplemental files also available for download.
      \SUPPLEMENTS\
      1980.06.25_RunoffCollectorDrawings.pdf: Adobe Acrobat PDF file containing scanned images of runoff collector drawings from 6/25/1980.
      MEF_map_S2_S6.jpg: JPEG file containing a 50 centimeter contour map of the S2 and S6 catchments at Marcell Experimental Forest along with the locations of meteorological stations, weirs, rain gauges, etc.
      S#RunoffInstrumentation.pdf: Adobe Acrobat PDF/a files containing a description of the upland runoff instrumentation for the specified S# watershed (where # = 2 or 6) including measurement, type of instrument, record period, and some additional notes.
      S#InstrumentationMap.jpg: JPEG image files containing a map of the specified S# watershed (where # = 2 or 6) providing locations of the different instrumentation available. (e.g., air temperature, soil temperature, peatland wells, groundwater wells, runoff collectors, rain gages, soil water tubes, weirs, snowcourse location, etc.)
      S2_S6_SiteLocations.csv: Comma-delimited ASCII text file containing the location of the study sites where the runoff data were collected. Variables are described below.
      CATCHMENT = catchment: S2 or S6 corresponding to research catchments on the Marcell Experimental Forest.
      SITE = the name used to document a site location.
      TYPE = for samples, TYPE indicates the water (bog, lagg, overland flow = OF, shallow subsurface stormflow = SSF, or stream) that was collected at the site. TYPE is left blank when the site was physical infrastructure where long-term monitoring measurements were made.
      INFRASTRUCTURE = INFRASTRUCTURE describes the field collection equipment/infrastructure ("runoff plots").
      COORDINATE.SYSTEM = horizontal control datum for the United States.
      EASTING = distance northward in the NAD 83 coordinate system.
      NORTHING = distance eastward in the NAD 83 coordinate system.
      LONGITUDE = the angular distance in decimal degrees north or south of the meridian at Greenwich, England.
      LATITUDE = the angular distance in decimal degrees east or west of the meridian at Greenwich, England.
      \SUPPLEMENTS\IMAGES\
      1968_S2.subsurface.runoff.installation_ESV.jpg: JPEG photograph taken in 1968 by Elon S. Verry showing part of the installation of the subsurface runoff instrumentation in the S2 catchment.
      1968_S2S.runoff.collector.jpg: JPEG photograph taken in 1968 showing the installation of the S2S runoff collector.
      1979_S6.runoff.collector_ESV_94.jpg: JPEG photograph taken in 1979 by Elon S. Verry showing the installation of the S6 runoff collector.
      2007.09.21_S2.runoff.collector_datasheet_SDS_IMG4386.jpg: JPEG photograph taken on 9/21/2007 by Stephen D. Sebestyen showing an S2 runoff collector data sheet.
      2008.04.21_S2S.SUB.runoff.collector_SDS_IMG5251.jpg: JPEG photograph taken on 4/21/2008 by Stephen D. Sebestyen showing the S2S subsurface runoff collector being filled.
      2009.04.10_S2N.SURF.runoff.collector_SDS_IMG6040.jpg: JPEG photograph taken on 4/10/2009 by Stephen D. Sebestyen showing the S2N surface runoff collector.
      2011.04.09_S2S.SUB_SDS_IMG8933.jpg: JPEG photograph taken on 4/09/2011 by Stephen D. Sebestyen showing the S2S subsurface runoff collector being filled.
      2013.11.14_S6N.RO_SDS_IMG4308.jpg: JPEG photograph taken on 11/14/2013 by Stephen D. Sebestyen showing the S6N enclosure.
      2013.11.15_S6N.RO_SDS_IMG4316.jpg: JPEG photograph taken on 11/15/2013 by Stephen D. Sebestyen showing the instrumentation inside of the S6N enclosure.
    Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:
      none provided

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Distribution_Information:
  Distributor:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Organization_Primary:
        Contact_Organization: USDA Forest Service, Research and Development
      Contact_Position: Research Data Archivist
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing and physical
        Address: 240 West Prospect Road
        City: Fort Collins
        State_or_Province: CO
        Postal_Code: 80526
        Country: USA
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: see Contact Instructions
      Contact Instructions: This contact information was current as of April 2018. For current information see Contact Us page on: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS.
  Resource_Description: RDS-2018-0020
  Distribution_Liability:
    Metadata documents have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness. Unless otherwise stated, all data and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. However, neither the author, the Archive, nor any part of the federal government can assure the reliability or suitability of these data for a particular purpose. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed for a user's application of these data or related materials.
    The metadata, data, or related materials may be updated without notification. If a user believes errors are present in the metadata, data or related materials, please use the information in (1) Identification Information: Point of Contact, (2) Metadata Reference: Metadata Contact, or (3) Distribution Information: Distributor to notify the author or the Archive of the issues.
  Standard_Order_Process:
    Digital_Form:
      Digital_Transfer_Information:
        Format_Name: ASCII
        Format_Version_Number: see Format Specification
        Format_Specification:
          Comma-delimited ASCII text file (CSV)
        File_Decompression_Technique: Files zipped with 7-Zip 18.01
      Digital_Transfer_Option:
        Online_Option:
          Computer_Contact_Information:
            Network_Address:
              Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2018-0020
    Digital_Form:
      Digital_Transfer_Information:
        Format_Name: PDF
        Format_Version_Number: see Format Specification
        Format_Specification:
          Adobe Acrobat PDF or PDF/a file
        File_Decompression_Technique: Files zipped with 7-Zip 18.01
      Digital_Transfer_Option:
        Online_Option:
          Computer_Contact_Information:
            Network_Address:
              Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2018-0020
    Digital_Form:
      Digital_Transfer_Information:
        Format_Name: JPG
        Format_Version_Number: see Format Specification
        Format_Specification:
          JPEG image file
        File_Decompression_Technique: Files zipped with 7-Zip 18.01
      Digital_Transfer_Option:
        Online_Option:
          Computer_Contact_Information:
            Network_Address:
              Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2018-0020
    Fees: None

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Metadata_Reference_Information:
  Metadata_Date: 20180420
  Metadata_Contact:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Person_Primary:
        Contact_Person: Stephen D. Sebestyen
        Contact_Organization: USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station
      Contact_Position: Research Hydrologist
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing and physical
        Address: Forestry Sciences Lab, 1831 HWY 169 E
        City: Grand Rapids
        State_or_Province: MN
        Postal_Code: 55744
        Country: USA
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 218-326-7108
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: `ssebestyen@fs.fed.us`
  Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Biological Data Profile of the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
  Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001.1-1999

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