Historical tree surveys of the Umatilla National Forest

Metadata:

Identification_Information:
Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Powell, David C.
Originator: Hanberry, Brice B.
Publication_Date: 2020
Title:
Historical tree surveys of the Umatilla National Forest
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Fort Collins, CO
Publisher: Forest Service Research Data Archive
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2020-0051
Description:
Abstract:
The original public land survey for the Umatilla National Forest was completed primarily between 1879 and 1887. Notes from these General Land Office (GLO) surveys provide the earliest systematically recorded information about species composition for national forest system lands in the Blue Mountains of northeastern Oregon and southeastern Washington. Using these historical records we were able to obtain GLO survey point locations as well as tree species and size information for trees found in the survey process. Point locations are included as a shapefile, and trees species and diameter are provided in tabular format.
Purpose:
The GLO survey notes serve as a data source for characterizing presettlement vegetation conditions for the Umatilla National Forest.
Supplemental_Information:
Data were published on 08/06/2020. On 11/05/2020 the metadata were updated to include reference to the article associated with these data (Hanberry et al. 2020).
Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 1879
Ending_Date: 1887
Currentness_Reference:
Ground condition
Status:
Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned
Spatial_Domain:
Description_of_Geographic_Extent:
Data were collected in the historical forests of the Umatilla National Forest.
Bounding_Coordinates:
West_Bounding_Coordinate: -119.950435
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -117.218081
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 46.381428
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 44.623644
Keywords:
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: biota
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: National Research & Development Taxonomy
Theme_Keyword: Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment
Theme_Keyword: Environment and People
Theme_Keyword: Forest & Plant Health
Theme_Keyword: Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis
Theme_Keyword: Natural Resource Management & Use
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Theme_Keyword: douglas fir
Theme_Keyword: grand fir
Theme_Keyword: lodgepole pine
Theme_Keyword: ponderosa pine
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Place_Keyword: Oregon
Place_Keyword: Washington
Place_Keyword: Umatilla National Forest
Taxonomy:
Keywords/Taxon:
Taxonomic_Keyword_Thesaurus:
None
Taxonomic_Keywords: multiple species
Taxonomic_Keywords: plants
Taxonomic_System:
Classification_System/Authority:
Classification_System_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: ITIS
Publication_Date: 2020
Title:
Integrated Taxonomic Information System
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: database
Other_Citation_Details:
Retrieved [June, 30, 2020]
Online_Linkage: https://www.ITIS.gov
Classification_System_Modifications:
Taxonomy provided is for main species found in this study area.
Taxonomic_Procedures:
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Kingdom
Taxon_Rank_Value: Plantae
Applicable_Common_Name: plantes
Applicable_Common_Name: Planta
Applicable_Common_Name: Vegetal
Applicable_Common_Name: plants
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Subkingdom
Taxon_Rank_Value: Viridiplantae
Applicable_Common_Name: green plants
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Infrakingdom
Taxon_Rank_Value: Streptophyta
Applicable_Common_Name: land plants
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Superdivision
Taxon_Rank_Value: Embryophyta
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Division
Taxon_Rank_Value: Tracheophyta
Applicable_Common_Name: vascular plants
Applicable_Common_Name: tracheophytes
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Subdivision
Taxon_Rank_Value: Spermatophytina
Applicable_Common_Name: spermatophytes
Applicable_Common_Name: seed plants
Applicable_Common_Name: phanérogames
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Class
Taxon_Rank_Value: Pinopsida
Applicable_Common_Name: conifers
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Subclass
Taxon_Rank_Value: Pinidae
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
Taxon_Rank_Value: Pinales
Applicable_Common_Name: pines
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
Taxon_Rank_Value: Pinaceae
Applicable_Common_Name: pines
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Abies
Applicable_Common_Name: fir
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Abies grandis
Applicable_Common_Name: white fir
Applicable_Common_Name: silver fir
Applicable_Common_Name: giant fir
Applicable_Common_Name: lowland white fir
Applicable_Common_Name: yellow fir
Applicable_Common_Name: grand fir
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Pinus
Applicable_Common_Name: pine
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Pinus contorta
Applicable_Common_Name: lodgepole pine
Applicable_Common_Name: scrub pine
Applicable_Common_Name: shore pine
Applicable_Common_Name: tamarack pine
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Pinus ponderosa
Applicable_Common_Name: ponderosa pine
Applicable_Common_Name: bull pine
Applicable_Common_Name: western yellow pine
Applicable_Common_Name: blackjack pine
Applicable_Common_Name: pinabete
Applicable_Common_Name: rock pine
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Pseudotsuga
Applicable_Common_Name: Douglas-fir
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Pseudotsuga menziesii
Applicable_Common_Name: red fir
Applicable_Common_Name: Douglas spruce
Applicable_Common_Name: Oregon pine
Applicable_Common_Name: Douglas-fir
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:
These data were collected using funding from the U.S. Government and can be used without additional permissions or fees. If you use these data in a publication, presentation, or other research product please use the following citation:

Powell, David C.; Hanberry, Brice B. 2020. Historical tree surveys of the Umatilla National Forest. Fort Collins, CO: Forest Service Research Data Archive. https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2020-0051
Point_of_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Brice Hanberry
Contact_Organization: USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 8221 Mt. Rushmore Rd.
City: Rapid City
State_or_Province: SD
Postal_Code: 57702
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 605-716-2205
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: brice.hanberry@usda.gov
Data_Set_Credit:
Funding for this project provided by USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station.
Native_Data_Set_Environment:
Version 6.2 (Build 9200) ; Esri ArcGIS 10.5.1.7333
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Hanberry, Brice B.
Originator: Justice, Donald C.
Originator: Powell, David C.
Publication_Date: 2020
Title:
Discovering Douglas-fir woodlands in the historical forests of the Umatilla National Forest, eastern Oregon and Washington
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Forests
Issue_Identification: 11(10): 1122
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3390/f11101122
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Powell, David C.
Publication_Date: 2008
Title:
Using General Land Office Survey notes to characterize historical vegetation conditions for the Umatilla National Forest
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document
Series_Information:
Series_Name: White Paper
Issue_Identification: F14-SO-WP-SILV-41
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Pendleton, OR
Publisher: USDA Forest Service: Supervisor’s Office
Other_Citation_Details:
(also included in data publication as \Supplements\Powell_2008_fseprd716503.pdf)
Online_Linkage: https://www.fs.usda.gov/detail/umatilla/home/?cid=stelprdb5210179
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Data_Quality_Information:
Attribute_Accuracy:
Attribute_Accuracy_Report:
Data are as accurate as possible.

It was found that paper printouts from microfiche records could be hard to read. Printing out a hard copy of the GLO database and checking it for inconsistencies and errors, while paying particular attention that the correct legal description was matched to the correct ID number, required several days for a large analysis area such as the Umatilla National Forest.
Logical_Consistency_Report:
not applicable
Completeness_Report:
The database is complete.
Lineage:
Methodology:
Methodology_Type: Field
Methodology_Description:
BACKGROUND - PUBLIC LAND SURVEY

Public land surveys followed a consistent and standardized process when it was used to subdivide lands in western United States. First, an initial starting point was selected. For Oregon and Washington, this starting point is located a short distance west of the city of Portland, Oregon. From this starting point north-south and east-west survey lines were generated. This process of establishing township and range lines resulted in land and water areas being divided into grid cells measuring 6 × 6 miles (36 square miles per cell). Area within each individual six-mile-on-a-side cell is called a township. (See Powell 2008 for more details.)

Tree species and diameter (ostensibly as a diameter at breast height), along with distance and direction to a corner, were provided for up to four bearing trees at each survey line (section) corner and quarter corner (halfway along section; see figure 1 in Powell 2008). If bearing trees were not available, surveyors selected a non-tree reference monument.

In addition to bearing-tree information, surveyors recorded common names and diameters of line trees used to mark a section line between section corners (but no distances from the line were recorded for these trees).


OBTAINING DATA FROM HISTORICAL FILES

All of the data included in this publication were obtained from historical records. Paper copies of the microfiche files for all townships within the Umatilla National Forest boundary were made using the office’s microfiche reader and copier. Processing the microfiche copies of the survey notes and plotting out the GIS maps required between one and two months' time. Reading and interpreting the survey notes required over 100, 8-hour workdays for approximately 120 townships. The notes for some townships were relatively easy to process and took, on average, a day to finish; others took longer. Some notes were typed up while others were handwritten.

For more information see Hanberry et al. (2020).
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Powell, David C.
Publication_Date: 2008
Title:
Using General Land Office Survey notes to characterize historical vegetation conditions for the Umatilla National Forest
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document
Series_Information:
Series_Name: White Paper
Issue_Identification: F14-SO-WP-SILV-41
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Pendleton, OR
Publisher: USDA Forest Service: Supervisor’s Office
Other_Citation_Details:
(also included in data publication as \Supplements\Powell_2008_fseprd716503.pdf)
Online_Linkage: https://www.fs.usda.gov/detail/umatilla/home/?cid=stelprdb5210179
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Hanberry, Brice B.
Originator: Justice, Donald C.
Originator: Powell, David C.
Publication_Date: 2020
Title:
Discovering Douglas-fir woodlands in the historical forests of the Umatilla National Forest, eastern Oregon and Washington
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Forests
Issue_Identification: 11(10): 1122
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3390/f11101122
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
See methodology section for details.
Process_Date: Unknown
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Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector
Point_and_Vector_Object_Information:
SDTS_Terms_Description:
SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Entity point
Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 10094
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Spatial_Reference_Information:
Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
Planar:
Map_Projection:
Map_Projection_Name: NAD 1983 USFS R6 Albers
Albers_Conical_Equal_Area:
Standard_Parallel: 43.0
Standard_Parallel: 48.0
Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -120.0
Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 34.0
False_Easting: 600000.0
False_Northing: 0.0
Planar_Coordinate_Information:
Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: coordinate pair
Coordinate_Representation:
Abscissa_Resolution: 0.0000000033997027415466626
Ordinate_Resolution: 0.0000000033997027415466626
Planar_Distance_Units: meter
Geodetic_Model:
Horizontal_Datum_Name: D North American 1983
Ellipsoid_Name: GRS 1980
Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.0000
Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222101
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Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
Overview_Description:
Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
Below you will find a list and description of the files available in this data publication.

DATA FILES

\Data\Umatilla_GLO_pts.shp: ESRI ArcGIS shapefile (and associated files) containing General Land Office (GLO) survey point locations.
Variables include:
FID = internal feature number, which contains sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated
Shape = feature geometry (point)
IDTRSD = join field of township, range, and section number


\Data\corner_trees.dbf and \Data\corner_trees.csv: dBase database file (DBF) and comma-delimited ASCII text file (CSV) containing tree species, diameter, and distance to survey points at section corners and quarter corners (i.e., middle of section lines). See Powell (2008) for more details.
Variables include:
OID = internal feature number
IDTRSD = join field of township, range, and section number
TreeSpecie = tree species (see \Data\tree_species.csv for a list of the tree species and the associated scientific name)
TreeDia = tree diameter at breast height (inches)
TreeDist = distance to a corner in links (a link is one-hundredth of a chain and since a chain is 66 feet, then one link is 0.66 feet)


\Data\line_trees.dbf and \Data\line_trees.csv: dBase database file (DBF) and comma-delimited ASCII text file (CSV) containing tree species and diameter for trees measured along survey lines. See Powell (2008) for more details.
Variables include:
OID = internal feature number
IDTRSD = join field of township, range, and section number
TreeSpecie = tree species (see \Data\tree_species.csv for a list of the tree species and the associated scientific name)
TreeDBH = tree diameter at breast height (inches)


\Data\tree_species.csv: Comma-delimited ASCII text file containing a list of the tree species and corresponding scientific names found in corner_trees and line_trees data files.
Variables include:
DataFile = name of data file that referenced species
TreeSpecies = tree species as referenced in data file
CommonName = common name for tree species
ScientificName = scientific name for tree species


SUPPLEMENTAL FILES

\Supplements\Powell_2008_fseprd716503.pdf: Portable Document Format file containing the Powell 2008 (updated 2019) White Paper "Using General Land Office Survey notes to characterize historical vegetation conditions for the Umatilla National Forest".
Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:
Powell, David C. 2008. Using General Land Office Survey notes to characterize historical vegetation conditions for the Umatilla National Forest. White Paper F14-SO-WP-SILV-41. USDA Forest Service. Pendleton, OR: Supervisor’s Office. https://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/fseprd716503.pdf (also included in data publication as \Supplements\Powell_2008_fseprd716503.pdf)

Hanberry, Brice B.; Justice, Donald C.; Powell, David C. 2020. Discovering Douglas-fir woodlands in the historical forests of the Umatilla National Forest, eastern Oregon and Washington. Forests 11(10): 1122. https://doi.org/10.3390/f11101122
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Distribution_Information:
Distributor:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: USDA Forest Service, Research and Development
Contact_Position: Research Data Archivist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 240 West Prospect Road
City: Fort Collins
State_or_Province: CO
Postal_Code: 80526
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: see Contact Instructions
Contact Instructions: This contact information was current as of November 2020. For current information see Contact Us page on: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS.
Resource_Description: RDS-2020-0051
Distribution_Liability:
Metadata documents have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness. Unless otherwise stated, all data and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. However, neither the author, the Archive, nor any part of the federal government can assure the reliability or suitability of these data for a particular purpose. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed for a user's application of these data or related materials.

The metadata, data, or related materials may be updated without notification. If a user believes errors are present in the metadata, data or related materials, please use the information in (1) Identification Information: Point of Contact, (2) Metadata Reference: Metadata Contact, or (3) Distribution Information: Distributor to notify the author or the Archive of the issues.
Standard_Order_Process:
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: ASCII
Format_Version_Number: see Format Specification
Format_Specification:
Comma-delimited ASCII text file (CSV)
File_Decompression_Technique: Files zipped with 7-Zip 19.0
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2020-0051
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: DBF
Format_Version_Number: see Format Specification
Format_Specification:
dBase database file
File_Decompression_Technique: Files zipped with 7-Zip 19.0
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2020-0051
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: SHP
Format_Version_Number: see Format Specification
Format_Specification:
ESRI ArcGIS shapefile
File_Decompression_Technique: Files zipped with 7-Zip 19.0
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2020-0051
Fees: None
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Metadata_Reference_Information:
Metadata_Date: 20201105
Metadata_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station
Contact_Person: Brice Hanberry
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 8221 Mt. Rushmore Rd.
City: Rapid City
State_or_Province: SD
Postal_Code: 57702
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 605-716-2205
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: brice.hanberry@usda.gov
Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Biological Data Profile of the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998
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