Geospatial data for Great Basin perennial montane watersheds - geomorphology, hydrology, vegetation, disturbance and species

Metadata:

Identification_Information:
Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Board, David I.
Originator: Dilts, Thomas E.
Originator: Weisberg, Peter J.
Originator: Knight, Anna C.
Originator: Chambers, Jeanne C.
Originator: Lord, Mark L.
Originator: Miller, Jerry R.
Publication_Date: 2020
Title:
Geospatial data for Great Basin perennial montane watersheds - geomorphology, hydrology, vegetation, disturbance and species
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Fort Collins, CO
Publisher: Forest Service Research Data Archive
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2020-0059
Description:
Abstract:
Multiple partners working together developed a multiscale approach for assessing the geomorphic sensitivity of streams and ecological resilience of riparian ecosystems, including meadows, in upland watersheds of the Great Basin to disturbances and management actions. This data publication contains the geospatial data, representative of 2020, resulting from that work. The study area, the Great Basin of North America, includes portions of Nevada, Utah, California, Oregon, and Idaho. Nine shapefiles are included, which provide the seven regions (1) and the mountain ranges (2) identified in the study area, streams within each watershed (3) along with the stream heads (4), longest stream (5), lowest drainage points (6), and the stream head that has the farthest stream distance from the pour point (7), and the valley bottom which is considered the area surrounding the stream that is less than 15 meters above the stream's elevation (8) for each watershed. Also included are the watershed boundaries (9) and additional watershed information related to climate, topography, and wildlife. Also included is an ArcGIS map associated with these shapefiles.
Purpose:
The approach builds on long-term work by the research and management partners on the geomorphic sensitivity and ecological resilience of these systems to stressors and disturbances. At the core of the assessments is information on past and present watershed and stream channel characteristics, geomorphic and hydrologic processes, and riparian and meadow vegetation characteristics.
Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 20200821
Currentness_Reference:
Ground condition
Status:
Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned
Spatial_Domain:
Description_of_Geographic_Extent:
Great Basin of North America including portions of the states of Nevada, Utah, California, Oregon, and Idaho.
Bounding_Coordinates:
West_Bounding_Coordinate: -120.576727
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -111.507231
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 43.533266
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 37.538899
Keywords:
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: environment
Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation
Theme_Keyword: location
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: National Research & Development Taxonomy
Theme_Keyword: Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment
Theme_Keyword: Geology
Theme_Keyword: Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Theme_Keyword: climate
Theme_Keyword: ecosystem resistance and resilience
Theme_Keyword: geomorphology
Theme_Keyword: watershed characteristics
Theme_Keyword: watershed database
Theme_Keyword: hydrology
Theme_Keyword: meadows
Theme_Keyword: mountain range delineation
Theme_Keyword: riparian
Theme_Keyword: species
Theme_Keyword: watershed delineation
Theme_Keyword: watersheds
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Place_Keyword: Great Basin
Place_Keyword: California
Place_Keyword: Idaho
Place_Keyword: Nevada
Place_Keyword: Oregon
Place_Keyword: Utah
Place_Keyword: Central Great Basin
Place_Keyword: Eastern Great Basin
Place_Keyword: Humboldt
Place_Keyword: Lahontan
Place_Keyword: Lava Plains
Place_Keyword: Southeast Idaho
Place_Keyword: United States
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:
These data were collected using funding from the U.S. Government and can be used without additional permissions or fees. If you use these data in a publication, presentation, or other research product please use the following citation:

Board, David I.; Dilts, Thomas E.; Weisberg, Peter J.; Knight, Anna C.; Chambers, Jeanne C.; Lord, Mark L.; Miller, Jerry R. 2020. Geospatial data for Great Basin perennial montane watersheds - geomorphology, hydrology, vegetation, disturbance and species. Fort Collins, CO: Forest Service Research Data Archive. https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2020-0059
Point_of_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: David Board
Contact_Organization: USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station
Contact_Position: Data Analyst
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 920 Valley Road
City: Reno
State_or_Province: NV
Postal_Code: 89512
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 775-784-7021
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: david.i.board@usda.gov
Data_Set_Credit:
Funding for this project provided by USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station.
Native_Data_Set_Environment:
Version 6.2 (Build 9200) ; ESRI ArcGIS 10.5.1.7333
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Board, David I.
Originator: Dilts, Thomas E.
Originator: Weisberg, Peter J.
Originator: Knight, Anna C.
Originator: Chambers, Jeanne C.
Originator: Lord, Mark L.
Originator: Miller, Jerry R.
Publication_Date: 2020
Title:
Characterizing ecoregions and montane perennial watersheds of the Great Basin
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document
Series_Information:
Series_Name: General Technical Report
Issue_Identification: RMRS-GTR-419
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Fort Collins, CO
Publisher: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station
Other_Citation_Details:
51 p.
Online_Linkage: https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/61573
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Data_Quality_Information:
Attribute_Accuracy:
Attribute_Accuracy_Report:
see logical consistency report section
Logical_Consistency_Report:
MountainRanges.shp & Watersheds.shp:
Topology has not been formally validated, but it has been visually checked by Tom Dilts and Dave Board. Mountain range mapping and watershed delineation was originally based on an automated method. Watershed pour points were checked by Jerry Miller and Mark Lord in January of 2019. Jerry and Mark made several suggested changes to the locations of pour points. As a result of these suggestions a team comprised of Dave Board, Anna Knight, Peter Weisberg, Tom Dilts, and Evan Thompson evaluated each and every pour point and moved the location if it did not appear to meet the criteria set out by Jerry and Mark.

Tom Dilts and Dave Board evaluated each watershed to ensure that no duplicates existed. If duplicates existed, the watersheds were merged. We also evaluated the location of watersheds to ensure that they were consistent with the mountain range and regions layers.

Furthest_Head.shp:
Furthest stream head was located using the Network Analyst tool in ArcMap for each watershed.

Heads.shp:
Stream heads were determined by identifying dangling nodes within the watershed that were not the pour point. A dangling node is a line start/end point that does not connect to any other line.

LongestStream.shp:
The distance between the pour point and each head was calculated using the Network Analyst tool in ArcMap and the stream lines connecting the furthest head and the pour were dissolved into a single longest stream length.

PourPoint.shp:
The pour point is the lowest stream location within the watershed. All upstream cells flow into the pour point. Pour points were determined first by mapping the mountain ranges and determining where the watershed exited the mountain ranges. Pour points (and watersheds) were then moved based on expert criteria. The criteria were 1) abrupt breaks in slope following a linear trend parallel to a mountain range, 2) distribution of piedmont deposits, 3) linear fault structures, 4 shoreline features associated with pluvial lakes, and 5) degree of channel entrenchment.

Regions.shp:
Regions have not had formal topological analysis performed, but they were checked manually by Tom Dilts and modified to ensure that no regions overlapped, that the boundaries are spatially consistent with one another, and that no gaps exist.

Streams4000.shp:
All cells with flow accumulation greater than 4000 were classified as streams and used to create the hydrological network.

ValleyBottom.shp:
Data were created using an automated methods using a 15 meter Height Above Nearest Drainage.
Completeness_Report:
MountainRanges.shp & Watersheds.shp:
1454 watersheds represent every single watershed with perennial water (as defined by the National Hydrography Dataset) in the Great Basin as defined in Board et al. (2020). The Great Basin includes the interior mountain ranges but excludes the Sierra Nevada, Wasatch and immediately adjacent ranges. It also excludes the mountain ranges in the southern (Mojave) hydrographic Great Basin, but includes mountain ranges that drain into the Snake River.

Furthest_Head.shp:
There is a single furthest head for each watershed and all channel heads were mapped in a consistent manner.

Heads.shp:
All channel heads were mapped in a consistent manner. They are all defined using the 4000 cell flow accumulation threshold.

LongestStream.shp:
The longest stream was calculated in a consistent manner. There is a single longest stream in each watershed.

PourPoint.shp
There is a single pour point in each watershed.

Regions.shp:
All of the regions included in Board et al. (2020) are included in these data. Three additional draft regions that were not analyzed are not included in this dataset.

Streams4000.shp:
All cells with flow accumulation greater than 4000 upstream cells were mapped as streams.

ValleyBottom.shp:
All valley bottoms within the watersheds dataset were mapped in a consistent manner using a 15-meter Height Above Nearest Drainage.
Lineage:
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: PRISM Climate Group
Publication_Date: Unknown
Title:
PRISM gridded climate data
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: database
Publication_Information:
Publisher: Oregon State University
Online_Linkage: http://prism.oregonstate.edu
Type_of_Source_Media: Online
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 1981
Ending_Date: 2010
Source_Currentness_Reference:
Publication Date
Source_Citation_Abbreviation:
PRISM
Source_Contribution:
Data obtained from PRISM:

1. 30-year mean annual precipitation

2. Proportion of precipitation that falls during monsoon season: 30-year mean July to September precipitation / annual precipitation

3. Proportion of precipitation that is snow: 30-year mean snow precipitation / annual precipitation
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: U.S. Geological Survey
Publication_Date: 2017
Title:
National Hydrography Dataset Plus High Resolution (NHDPlus HR)
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data
Series_Information:
Series_Name: USGS National Map Downloadable Data Collection
Publication_Information:
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
Online_Linkage: https://www.epa.gov/waterdata/nhdplus-national-hydrography-dataset-plus
Type_of_Source_Media: Online
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 2017
Source_Currentness_Reference:
Publication Date
Source_Citation_Abbreviation:
NHD
Source_Contribution:
Data obtained from NHD:

1. Perennial stream length / total stream length

2. Number of unique perennial stream segments

3. Average length of perennial stream segments

4. Count of the number of dams and diversions
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: U.S. Geological Survey
Publication_Date: Unknown
Title:
National Land Cover Database
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: database
Publication_Information:
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
Online_Linkage: https://www.mrlc.gov/data/nlcd-2016-all-shrubland-fractional-components
Online_Linkage: https://www.mrlc.gov/data/type/tree-canopy
Type_of_Source_Media: Online
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 2016
Source_Currentness_Reference:
Publication Date
Source_Citation_Abbreviation:
NLCD 2016
Source_Contribution:
NLCD data obtained:

1. Watershed mean of pixel percent cover of provisional herbaceous vegetation based on the NLCD Shrub Cover Product

2. Watershed mean of pixel percent tree canopy cover based on the NLCD Tree Cover Product

3. Watershed mean of pixel percent shrub cover based on the NLCD Shrub Cover Product


Xian et al. (2013); Coulston et al. (2013)

Xian, George; Homer, Collin; Meyer, Debbie; Granneman, Brian. 2013. An approach for characterizing the distribution of shrubland ecosystem components as continuous fields as part of NLCD. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 86: 136-149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2013.09.009

Coulston, John W.; Moisen, Gretchen G.; Wilson, Barry T.; Finco, Mark V.; Cohen, Warren B.; Brewer, C. Kenneth. 2012. Modeling percent tree canopy cover: a pilot study. Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing 78(7): 715–727. https://doi.org/10.14358/pers.78.7.715
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Horton, John D.
Originator: San Juan, Carma A.
Originator: Stoeser, Douglas B.
Publication_Date: 2017
Title:
The State Geologic Map Compilation (SGMC) geodatabase of the conterminous United States
Edition: (ver. 1.1, August 2017)
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: database
Series_Information:
Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series
Issue_Identification: 1052
Other_Citation_Details:
46 p.
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/ds1052
Type_of_Source_Media: Online
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 2017
Source_Currentness_Reference:
Publication Date
Source_Citation_Abbreviation:
Horton et al. (2017)
Source_Contribution:
Data obtained from SGMC:

1. Proportion of watershed area with sedimentary bedrock, intrusive bedrock, volcanic bedrock
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: U.S. Geological Survey
Publication_Date: 2017
Title:
Geospatial Multi-Agency Coordination Wildland Fire Perimeters
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data
Publication_Information:
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
Online_Linkage: https://www.usgs.gov/media/images/wildland-fire-map-geomac
Type_of_Source_Media: Online
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 1984
Ending_Date: 2017
Source_Currentness_Reference:
Publication Date
Source_Citation_Abbreviation:
GeoMac
Source_Contribution:
Data obtained from GeoMAC:

1. Cumulative proportional area of watershed burned between 1984 and 2017

Walters et al. (2011)

Walters, Sandra P.; Schneider, Norma J.; Guthrie, John D. 2011. Geospatial Multi-Agency Coordination (GeoMAC) Wildland Fire Perimeters, 2008. Data Series 612. Reston, VA: U.S. Geological Survey. https://doi.org/10.3133/ds612
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: U.S. Geological Survey
Originator: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service
Originator: U.S. Department of the Interior
Publication_Date: 2017
Title:
Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data
Publication_Information:
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
Online_Linkage: https://www.mtbs.gov/
Type_of_Source_Media: Online
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 1984
Ending_Date: 2017
Source_Currentness_Reference:
Publication Date
Source_Citation_Abbreviation:
MTBS
Source_Contribution:
Data obtained from MTBS:

1. Cumulative proportional area of watershed burned between 1984 and 2017

Eidenshink et al. (2007)

Eidenshink, Jeff; Schwind, Brian; Brewer, Ken; Zhu, Zhi-Liang; Quayle, Brad; Howard, Stephen. 2007. A project for monitoring trends in burn severity. Fire Ecology 3(1): 3-21. https://doi.org/10.4996/fireecology.0301003
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: U.S. Census Bureau
Publication_Date: 2019
Title:
U.S. Census TIGER/Line shapefiles
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data
Publication_Information:
Publisher: U.S. Census Bureau
Online_Linkage: https://www.census.gov/geographies/mapping-files/time-series/geo/tiger-line-file.html
Type_of_Source_Media: Online
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 2019
Source_Currentness_Reference:
Publication Date
Source_Citation_Abbreviation:
U.S. Census Tiger Line Roads
Source_Contribution:
Data obtained from U.S. Census Tiger Line Roads:

1. Density of roads within the watershed
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: U.S. Geological Survey
Publication_Date: 2018
Title:
Protected Areas Database of the United States Version 2.0
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data
Publication_Information:
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P955KPLE
Type_of_Source_Media: Online
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 2018
Source_Currentness_Reference:
Publication Date
Source_Citation_Abbreviation:
USGS (2018)
Source_Contribution:
Data obtained from U.S. Geological Survey PAD-US Database Version 2.0

1. Percentage of private land within the watershed
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
1. Obtaining elevation data

1/3 arc-second Digital Elevation Models were obtained from the U.S. Geological Survey National Elevation Dataset and were merged together to create approximately 10-meter digital elevation models (DEMs) for each of the study regions (Central, Eastern, Utah, Humboldt, Lahontan, Lava Plains, and Southeast Idaho) and re-projected to a common coordinate system (Universal Transverse Mercator Zone 11 North American Datum 1983).
Process_Date: 20170101
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
2. Clipping the DEM to the mountain ranges

Watersheds in the Great Basin are internally draining. To avoid excessive filling that could interfere with watershed delineation we first needed to define a rough shapefiles of the mountain ranges. Within Nevada we used an existing shapefile of mountains and ranges digitized by Robert Elston Jr. in 2003 (data not available online). Outside of Nevada we digitized our own boundaries based on approximate boundaries between mountain ranges and valley alluvium. We buffered the mountain ranges by 1.5 miles and clipped the DEM to this shapefile to ensure that excessive filling did not occur in subsequent steps.
Process_Date: 20170315
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
3. Hydro-conditioning the DEM

The DEMs for each region were pit-filled, and flow direction, flow accumulation rasters were calculated using ArcGIS Spatial Analyst Version 10.3.1.
Process_Date: 20170401
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
4. Mapping the mountain ranges

We used a semi-automated approach to mapping mountain ranges. We calculated slope in degrees from the clipped DEM. For each slope raster we calculated the average slope within a 1 km neighborhood and thresholded the slope rasters at 4, 6, and 8 degrees. For each of the three slope thresholds within each region we evaluated the map accuracy against mountain range map digitized by Robert Elston Jr. For each region, we selected map using the slope threshold with the greatest accuracy. Finally, to identify “flow through” cells in mountain ranges we used a custom tool that ran in ModelBuilder in ArcGIS 10.3.1 that identified cells at the edge of mountain ranges in which rivers flowed through. Although rare in the Great Basin there were a handful of rivers that flowed through mountain ranges. These included the Humboldt, Bruneau, and Owhyee Rivers.
Process_Date: 20170415
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
5. Identifying watersheds within mountain ranges

We clipped the DEM using the new mountain range shapefile and ran the Basin tool in ArcGIS Spatial Analyst 10.3.1 to identify candidate watersheds and removed watersheds less than 400 Hectares. The lowest cell in each watershed was mapped as the pour point and converted from a raster grid cell to a point shapefile.
Process_Date: 20170515
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
6. Refining the spatial location of the watershed maps

The pour point is the lowest stream location within the watershed. All upstream cells flow into the pour point. Pour points (and watersheds) were then moved based on the advice of Jerry Miller and Mark at Western Carolina State University. The criteria were 1) abrupt breaks in slope following a linear trend parallel to a mountain range, 2) distribution of piedmont deposits, 3) linear fault structures, 4 shoreline features associated with pluvial lakes, and 5) degree of channel entrenchment. Each pour point was visually assessed by Evan Thompson, Anna Knight, Dave Board, Peter Weisberg, and Tom Dilts and moved to the appropriate location.
Process_Date: 20180115
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
7. Mapping watersheds using the new pour points; drawing regions

The newly mapped pour points were used to define the watershed boundaries. We used the DEM from process step 2 which included some cells outside the mountain ranges in order to ensure completeness. We used the new pour points from process step 6 to identify all upstream cells. The DEM was pit-filled, and a flow direction raster and flow accumulation raster were mapped. We ran the Watershed Tool using ArcGIS 10.3.1 Spatial Analyst. We visually inspected the results of each watershed and in cases where incomplete mapping occurred we manually moved the pour point to the nearest cell with high flow accumulation. We opted not to use the Snap Pour Point tool Spatial Analyst as their were a handful of instances where this resulted in a pour point moving to the wrong watershed.

Regions were initially drawn by Tom Dilts and Dave Board. Further GIS work was done by Tom Dilts.
Process_Date: 20180201
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
8. Mapping streams within the watershed

We used the flow accumulation rasters from process step 7 to define streams rather than the National Hydrography Dataset. This was because in some cases the NHD streams had sections that did not connect with other sections and we wished to ensure full connectivity for our geomorphic variables. Streams were defined using a flow accumulation threshold of 4000 and were converted from raster to shapefile and named streams4000.shp.
Process_Date: 20180215
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
9. Identifying channel heads

Channel heads are defined as the uppermost cell in the stream network with 4000 or greater cells accumulation. After converting from raster to vector the stream lines were planarized and and line starts and ends were converted to points. Points that had both starts and ends were removed as they were stream junctions. The pour point was also removed. The remaining points were then mapped as heads.shp and represent channel heads.
Process_Date: 20180301
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
10. Identifying the longest channel in each watershed

The longest stream channel is an important variable and was used to calculate the following variables: watershed length, relief ratio, and watershed shape index. Using ArcGIS Network Analyst we created transportation networks and used the origin-to-destination (OD) cost matrix tool to identify the longest stream based on the network distance traversed. For each longest stream we mapped the furthest channel head as furthest_head.shp and mapped the longest stream channel as longeststream.shp.
Process_Date: 20180315
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
11. Mapping the valley bottoms

After identifying the stream channel network we mapped valley bottoms using Height Above Nearest Drainage (HAND) (Nobre et al. 2011) with the stream4000.shp as the stream channel using 15 meter HAND as a threshold to separate valley bottoms from non-valley bottoms. (ValleyBottom.shp)

Nobre, A. D.; Cuartas, L. A.; Hodnett, M.; Rennó, C. D.; Rodrigues, G.; Silveira, A.; Saleska, S. 2011. Height Above the Nearest Drainage–a hydrologically relevant new terrain model. Journal of Hydrology 404(1-2): 13-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.03.051
Process_Date: 20180415
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
12. MountainRanges.shp & Watersheds.shp

We began by defining the mountain ranges within each region. We developed models using 3 slope thresholds (4, 6, and 8°) combined with three neighborhood sizes (10, 20, and 30 kilometers [km]). Model results were compared to an existing hand-digitized mountain range dataset within the Nevada portion of the study area. Accuracy of these models was tested against this hand digitized data set by using 1,765 random points for each region. The 10 km square neighborhood was found to consistently perform the best across all regions, so we did not vary neighborhood size across regions. In contrast, slope was allowed to vary across regions. Any streams in the National Hydrography Dataset Plus (NHD) that originated outside of a given range but that occurred within the range were removed.

Within the mountain ranges, watersheds were delineated, stream networks defined, and watershed morphometrics calculated using a 10-meter resolution digital elevation model in ArcGIS 10.4.1 software. A Pour point was identified for each watershed at the bottom of each watershed within everywhere the stream exited the mountain range. These pour points were then evaluated and the spatial position of the points were manually adjusted to meet criteria determined by expert geomorphologists. Watershed boundaries were drawn around all Digital Elevation Model cells flowing into a given pour point. Any watershed smaller than 40 hectares or not containing a perennial water source, as indicated by NHD, was removed from further analysis. Stream networks were defined using flow accumulation with a threshold of 4,000 cells.
Process_Date: 20190115
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: University of Nevada Reno
Contact_Person: Thomas Dilts
Contact_Position: Spatial Analyst
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing
Address: 1664 N. Virginia St.
City: Reno
State_or_Province: NV
Postal_Code: 89557
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 775-784-4020
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: tdilts@unr.edu
Hours_of_Service: 8 am to 5 pm Pacific time
Contact Instructions: Please e-mail before calling
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
13. Watersheds.shp:

The location of the pour point was evaluated by expert geomorphologists (Jerry Miller and Mark Lord at Western Carolina State University). They identified five characteristics that defined the boundary between mountains and valleys in the Great Basin. These criteria were as follows ranked from most important to least important:
1) Topography - abrupt breaks in slope where the break follows a linear trend parallel to the range.
2) Distribution of Piedmont deposits (fan, pediment, etc). These deposits occur along and in front of the mountain range.
3) Linear fault structures and the distribution of tilted/folded bedrock strata.
4) Shoreline features associated with pluvial lakes.
5) The degree of channel entrenchment.

The team (Dave Board RMRS-USFS, Anna Knight, Peter Weisberg, Tom Dilts, Evan Thompson University of Nevada Reno) evaluated all pour points visually one at a time. If a pour point did not fall on one or several of the above features, we identified a new location. If the new location resulted in a) splitting or merging of watersheds, b) a change in watershed area >10%, or c) moving the pour point more than 1 km, we used the manually determined location instead of the auto-generated one.
Process_Date: 20200301
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: University of Nevada Reno
Contact_Person: Thomas Dilts
Contact_Position: Spatial Analyst
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing
Address: 1664 N. Virginia St.
City: Reno
State_or_Province: NV
Postal_Code: 89557
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 775-784-4020
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: tdilts@unr.edu
Hours_of_Service: 8 am to 5 pm Pacific time
Contact Instructions: Please e-mail before calling
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Spatial_Reference_Information:
Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
Planar:
Map_Projection:
Map_Projection_Name: NAD 1983 UTM Zone 11N
Transverse_Mercator:
Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.9996
Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -117.0
Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.0
False_Easting: 500000.0
False_Northing: 0.0
Planar_Coordinate_Information:
Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: coordinate pair
Coordinate_Representation:
Abscissa_Resolution: 0.000000002220024164500956
Ordinate_Resolution: 0.000000002220024164500956
Planar_Distance_Units: meter
Geodetic_Model:
Horizontal_Datum_Name: D North American 1983
Ellipsoid_Name: GRS 1980
Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.0
Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222101
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Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
Detailed_Description:
Entity_Type:
Entity_Type_Label: Furthest_Head
Entity_Type_Definition:
Point shapefile - Channel head furthest from the pour point in stream length in each watershed
Entity_Type_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: FID
Attribute_Definition:
Internal feature number.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
ESRI
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain:
Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Shape
Attribute_Definition:
Feature geometry.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
ESRI
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain:
Coordinates defining the features.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: ID1
Attribute_Definition:
Unique ID for each watershed that contains the region name
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: ID2
Attribute_Definition:
Unique ID for each watershed within the region (numbers repeat across regions)
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Region
Attribute_Definition:
Name of the region that the watershed is located within
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Easting
Attribute_Definition:
Distance in meters east using the Universal Transverse Mercator system Zone 11 North American Datum 1983
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Northing
Attribute_Definition:
Distance in meters north using the Universal Transverse Mercator system Zone 11 North American Datum 1983
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Latitude
Attribute_Definition:
Latitude (decimal degrees)
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Longitude
Attribute_Definition:
Longitude (decimal degrees)
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Detailed_Description:
Entity_Type:
Entity_Type_Label: Heads
Entity_Type_Definition:
Point shapefile - Channel heads (stream start points)
Entity_Type_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: FID
Attribute_Definition:
Internal feature number.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
ESRI
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain:
Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Shape
Attribute_Definition:
Feature geometry.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
ESRI
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain:
Coordinates defining the features.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: ID1
Attribute_Definition:
Unique ID for each watershed that contains the region name
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: ID2
Attribute_Definition:
Unique ID for each watershed within the region (numbers repeat across regions)
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Region
Attribute_Definition:
Name of the region that the watershed is located within
Detailed_Description:
Entity_Type:
Entity_Type_Label: LongestStream
Entity_Type_Definition:
Line shapefile - Longest stream length in the watershed
Entity_Type_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: FID
Attribute_Definition:
Internal feature number.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
ESRI
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain:
Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Shape
Attribute_Definition:
Feature geometry.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
ESRI
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain:
Coordinates defining the features.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: ID1
Attribute_Definition:
Unique ID for each watershed that contains the region name
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: ID2
Attribute_Definition:
Unique ID for each watershed within the region (numbers repeat across regions)
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Region
Attribute_Definition:
Name of the region that the watershed is located within
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Length_M
Attribute_Definition:
Stream segment length in meters
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Length_Km
Attribute_Definition:
Stream segment length in kilometers
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Length_Mi
Attribute_Definition:
Stream segment length in miles
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Detailed_Description:
Entity_Type:
Entity_Type_Label: MountainRanges
Entity_Type_Definition:
Polygon shapefile - Mountain ranges of the Great Basin
Entity_Type_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: FID
Attribute_Definition:
Internal feature number.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
ESRI
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain:
Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Shape
Attribute_Definition:
Feature geometry.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
ESRI
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain:
Coordinates defining the features.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Id
Attribute_Definition:
unique identifier for each mountain range
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Region_Nam
Attribute_Definition:
name of the region
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Detailed_Description:
Entity_Type:
Entity_Type_Label: PourPoint
Entity_Type_Definition:
Point shapefile - Pour point for each watershed
Entity_Type_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: FID
Attribute_Definition:
Internal feature number.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
ESRI
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain:
Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Shape
Attribute_Definition:
Feature geometry.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
ESRI
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain:
Coordinates defining the features.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: ID1
Attribute_Definition:
Unique ID for each watershed that contains the region name
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: ID2
Attribute_Definition:
Unique ID for each watershed within the region (numbers repeat across regions)
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Region
Attribute_Definition:
Name of the region
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Easting
Attribute_Definition:
Distance in meters east using the Universal Transverse Mercator system Zone 11 North American Datum 1983
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Northing
Attribute_Definition:
Distance in meters north using the Universal Transverse Mercator system Zone 11 North American Datum 1983
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Latitude
Attribute_Definition:
Latitude (decimal degrees)
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Longitude
Attribute_Definition:
Longitude (decimal degrees)
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Detailed_Description:
Entity_Type:
Entity_Type_Label: Regions
Entity_Type_Definition:
Polygon shapefile - Ecoregions of mountainous areas of the Great Basin
Entity_Type_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: FID
Attribute_Definition:
Internal feature number.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
ESRI
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain:
Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Shape
Attribute_Definition:
Feature geometry.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
ESRI
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain:
Coordinates defining the features.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: OBJECTID
Attribute_Definition:
Internal feature number.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
ESRI
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain:
Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Shape_Leng
Attribute_Definition:
Length of the polygon perimeter in meters
Attribute_Definition_Source:
ESRI
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Shape_Area
Attribute_Definition:
Area of feature in internal units squared.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
ESRI
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain:
Positive real numbers that are automatically generated.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Region_Nam
Attribute_Definition:
Name of the region
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Detailed_Description:
Entity_Type:
Entity_Type_Label: Streams4000
Entity_Type_Definition:
Line shapefile - Stream lines in the Great Basin montane watersheds with 4000 upstream cells
Entity_Type_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: FID
Attribute_Definition:
Internal feature number.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
ESRI
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain:
Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Shape
Attribute_Definition:
Feature geometry.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
ESRI
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain:
Coordinates defining the features.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: ID1
Attribute_Definition:
Unique ID for each watershed that contains the region name
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: ID2
Attribute_Definition:
Unique ID for each watershed within the region (numbers repeat across regions)
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Region
Attribute_Definition:
Name of the region that the watershed is located within
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Length_M
Attribute_Definition:
Stream segment length in meters
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Length_Km
Attribute_Definition:
Stream segment length in kilometers
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Length_Mi
Attribute_Definition:
Stream segment length in miles
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Detailed_Description:
Entity_Type:
Entity_Type_Label: ValleyBottom
Entity_Type_Definition:
Polygon shapefile - Valley bottoms in Great Basin montane watersheds
Entity_Type_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: FID
Attribute_Definition:
Internal feature number.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
ESRI
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain:
Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Shape
Attribute_Definition:
Feature geometry.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
ESRI
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain:
Coordinates defining the features.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: ID1
Attribute_Definition:
Unique ID for each watershed that contains the region name
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: ID2
Attribute_Definition:
Unique ID for each watershed within the region (numbers repeat across regions)
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Region
Attribute_Definition:
Name of the region that the watershed is located within
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Area_M
Attribute_Definition:
Area of feature in meters squared
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Detailed_Description:
Entity_Type:
Entity_Type_Label: Watersheds
Entity_Type_Definition:
Polygon shapefile - Great Basin montane watersheds with perennial water
Entity_Type_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: FID
Attribute_Definition:
Internal feature number.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
ESRI
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain:
Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Shape
Attribute_Definition:
Feature geometry.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
ESRI
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain:
Coordinates defining the features.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: ID1
Attribute_Definition:
Unique ID for each watershed that contains the region name
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: ID2
Attribute_Definition:
ID for each watershed within the region
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Region
Attribute_Definition:
Name of the region that the watershed belongs to
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Area_M
Attribute_Definition:
Area of the watershed in square meters
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 597766.014086
Range_Domain_Maximum: 1440841490
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: square meters
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Area_Km
Attribute_Definition:
Area of the watershed in square kilometers
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.597766
Range_Domain_Maximum: 1440.841491
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: square kilometers
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Area_Ha
Attribute_Definition:
Area of the watershed in hectares
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 59.776601
Range_Domain_Maximum: 144084.149103
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Hectares
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Area_Ac
Attribute_Definition:
Area of the watershed in acres
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 147.711199
Range_Domain_Maximum: 356039.686275
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Acres
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: CEasting
Attribute_Definition:
Easting (UTM Zone 11 North NAD83) of the watershed centroid
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 213633.407277
Range_Domain_Maximum: 943427.780312
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: CNorthing
Attribute_Definition:
Northing (UTM Zone 11 North NAD83) of the watershed centroid
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 4169632.57093
Range_Domain_Maximum: 4813592.23565
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: CLatitude
Attribute_Definition:
Latitude (WGS84) of the watershed centroid
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 37.66472
Range_Domain_Maximum: 43.361469
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: degrees
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: CLongitude
Attribute_Definition:
Longitude (WGS84) of the watershed centroid
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: -120.377215
Range_Domain_Maximum: -111.56461
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: degrees
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: PEasting
Attribute_Definition:
Easting (UTM Zone 11 North NAD83) of the watershed pour point
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 210723.3314
Range_Domain_Maximum: 942532.7193
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: PNorthing
Attribute_Definition:
Northing (UTM Zone 11 North NAD83) of the watershed pour point
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 4171902.9787
Range_Domain_Maximum: 4817244.2653
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: PLatitude
Attribute_Definition:
Latitude (UTM Zone 11 North NAD83) of the watershed pour point
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 37.685631
Range_Domain_Maximum: 43.397521
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: degrees
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: PLongitude
Attribute_Definition:
Longitude (UTM Zone 11 North NAD83) of the watershed pour point
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: -120.411967
Range_Domain_Maximum: -111.576946
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: degrees
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Elevation
Attribute_Definition:
Average elevation of the watershed
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 1479.900024
Range_Domain_Maximum: 3026.27002
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters above sea level North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88)
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Ruggedness
Attribute_Definition:
(Maximum elevation – minimum elevation) * drainage density
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 163.433532
Range_Domain_Maximum: 2764.388864
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: WLength
Attribute_Definition:
Length of the watershed along the main channel
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 846.018277
Range_Domain_Maximum: 79272.98534
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: RelRatio
Attribute_Definition:
(Maximum elevation – minimum elevation) / watershed length
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.016798
Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.433134
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: ratio
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: StrmPower
Attribute_Definition:
Estimate of stream power produced by watershed area * relief ratio
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 82687.043255
Range_Domain_Maximum: 24203445.3711
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: square meters
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: DDensity
Attribute_Definition:
Total stream length / watershed area
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.755064
Range_Domain_Maximum: 2.093865
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: kilometers / square kilometers
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: HypInteg
Attribute_Definition:
Percentage area under a dimensionless curve produced as the ratio of h/H and a/A, where h= elevation, H= watershed relief, a= planimetric area above h, and A= planimetric watershed area
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.226946
Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.755249
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: percent
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: ValleyBott
Attribute_Definition:
Percent of the watershed mapped as valley bottom based on a 15-meter Height Above Nearest Drainage
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.035831
Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.420332
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: percent
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Tablelands
Attribute_Definition:
Percent of the watershed with slope of less than 5° outside of valley bottoms
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.428849
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: percent
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: LVRM
Attribute_Definition:
Local Vector Ruggedness Measure - Average terrain ruggedness based on the methodology of Sappington et al. (2007) with modifications in which the underlying smooth topography is removed
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.000047
Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.006311
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: radians/meter
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Precip
Attribute_Definition:
30-year mean annual precipitation based on PRISM climate normals (1981 - 2010)
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 232.777778
Range_Domain_Maximum: 1049.890909
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: millimeters
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Monsoonal
Attribute_Definition:
Proportion of precipitation that falls during monsoon season: 30-year mean July to September precipitation / annual precipitation based on PRISM climate normals
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 6.509091
Range_Domain_Maximum: 29.571429
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: percent
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: SnowFrac
Attribute_Definition:
Proportion of precipitation that is snow: 30-year mean snow precipitation / annual precipitation based on PRISM climate normals
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.422513
Range_Domain_Maximum: 1.876149
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: percent
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Carbonate
Attribute_Definition:
Proportion of watershed area with carbonate bedrock based on state geologic map compilation (SGMC) geodatabase of the conterminous United States
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 1
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: percent
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Sedimentar
Attribute_Definition:
Proportion of watershed area with sedimentary bedrock state geologic map compilation (SGMC) geodatabase of the conterminous United States
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 1
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: percent
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Intrusive
Attribute_Definition:
Proportion of watershed area with intrusive bedrock state geologic map compilation (SGMC) geodatabase of the conterminous United States
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 1
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: percent
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Volcanic
Attribute_Definition:
Proportion of watershed area with volcanic bedrock state geologic map compilation (SGMC) geodatabase of the conterminous United States
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 1
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: percent
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Perennial
Attribute_Definition:
Perennial stream length / total stream length based on the USGS National Hydrography Dataset
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 1
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: percent
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Connective
Attribute_Definition:
Number of unique perennial stream segments within the watershed based on the USGS National Hydrography Dataset
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 16
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: count
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: PLength
Attribute_Definition:
Average length of perennial stream segments within the watershed based on the USGS National Hydrography Dataset
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 152306.696428
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: AHerb
Attribute_Definition:
Watershed mean of pixel percent cover of provisional herbaceous vegetation based on the NLCD Shrub Cover Product
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 1
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: percent
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Tree
Attribute_Definition:
Watershed mean of pixel percent tree canopy cover based on the NLCD Tree Cover Product
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 1
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: percent
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Shrub
Attribute_Definition:
Watershed mean of pixel percent shrub cover based on the NLCD Shrub Cover Product
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 1
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: percent
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Burned
Attribute_Definition:
Cumulative proportional area of watershed burned between 1984 and 2017 based on a combination of GeoMAC and Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity datasets
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 2.736977
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: percent
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: RDense
Attribute_Definition:
Density of roads within the watershed based on US Census Tiger Line Roads
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 4.399758
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: kilometers / square kilometers
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Private
Attribute_Definition:
Percentage of private land within the watershed based on Bureau of Land Management state ownership GIS layers
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 1
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: percent
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Dams
Attribute_Definition:
Count of the number of dams and diversions within the watershed based on the USGS National Hydrography Dataset
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 21553
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: GRSG
Attribute_Definition:
Average probability of occurrence of Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) based on Coates et al. (2016) within Nevada and California and Doherty et al. (2010) in Idaho, Oregon, and Utah
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 1
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: probability of occurrence
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: BIDA
Attribute_Definition:
Average probability of occurrence of pygmy rabbit (Brachylagus idahoensis) based on Cushman et al. (2016)
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 1
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: probability of occurrence
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: ODHE
Attribute_Definition:
Average probability of occurrence of mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) across all seasons based on Cushman et al. (2016)
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 1
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: probability of occurrence
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: ANAM
Attribute_Definition:
Average probability of occurrence of pronghorn antelope (Antilocapra americana) based on Cushman et al. (2016)
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 1
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: probability of occurrence
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: BRSP
Attribute_Definition:
Average probability of occurrence of Brewer's sparrow (Spizella breweri) based on Cushman et al. (2016)
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 1
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: probability of occurrence
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: GRFL
Attribute_Definition:
Average probability of occurrence of gray flycatcher (Empidonax wrightii) based on Cushman et al. (2016)
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 1
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: probability of occurrence
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: JUTI
Attribute_Definition:
Average probability of occurrence of juniper titmouse (Baeolophus ridgwayi) based on Cushman et al. (2016)
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 1
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: probability of occurrence
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: SASP_BESP
Attribute_Definition:
Average probability of occurrence of the sagebrush sparrow (Artemisiospiza nevadensi) and vesper sparrow (Pooecetes gramineus) based on Cushman et al. (2016)
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 1
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: probability of occurrence
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: PIJA
Attribute_Definition:
Average probability of occurrence of pinyon jay (Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus) based on Cushman et al. (2016)
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 1
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: probability of occurrence
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: LCT
Attribute_Definition:
Length of stream suitable for Lahontan native cutthroat trouts including Lahontan cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii henshawi) in the watershed
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 46819.002981
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: RALU
Attribute_Definition:
Watersheds with known occurrences of Columbia spotted frog (Rana luteiventris) based on Funk et al. (2005)
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 1
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: present/not-present
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Monarch
Attribute_Definition:
Average probability of occurrence of monarch butterfly (Dilts et al. 2019)
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Board et al. (2020)
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 1
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: probability of occurrence
Overview_Description:
Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
Below is a list and description of the files included in this data publication.

MAP (1)

1. \Data\Rip_Database.mxd: ESRI map (map exchange document) containing the recommended map layout for the database.


LAYER FILES (2)

2. \Data\GreatBasin_Watersheds_Hydrology.lyr: ESRI layer file containing recommended symbology for hydrologic entities.

3. \Data\Regions_MountainRanges_Watersheds.lyr: ESRI layer file containing recommended symbology for topographic entities.


SHAPEFILES (9)
(See the detailed section for information regarding the variables included in each file.)

4. \Data\Furthest_Head.shp: ESRI shapefile (and associated files) containing the stream head that has the farthest stream distance from the pour point of each watershed.

5. \Data\Head.shp: ESRI shapefile (and associated files) containing all stream heads for each watershed.

6. \Data\LongestStream.shp: ESRI shapefile (and associated files) containing the longest stream associated with each watershed.

7. \Data\MountainRanges.shp: ESRI shapefile (and associated files) containing mountain ranges identified within the study area (Great Basin).

8. \Data\PourPoint.shp: ESRI shapefile (and associated files) containing the pour points (lowest drainage point for a watershed) for each watershed.

9. \Data\Regions.shp: ESRI shapefile (and associated files) containing the seven regions identified in the study area (Great Basin).

10. \Data\Streams4000.shp: ESRI shapefile (and associated files) containing the streams within each watershed.

11. \Data\ValleyBottom.shp: ESRI shapefile (and associated files) containing the area surrounding the stream that is less than 15 meters above the stream's elevation.

12. \Data\Watersheds.shp: ESRI shapefile (and associated files) containing the watersheds themselves based on topology and the mountain ranges. Also included are multiple variables related to watershed-level climate, topography, and wildlife.
Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:
Board, David I.; Dilts, Thomas E.; Weisberg, Peter J.; Knight, Anna C.; Chambers, Jeanne C.; Lord, Mark L.; Miller, Jerry R. 2020. Characterizing ecoregions and montane perennial watersheds of the Great Basin. General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-419. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 51 p. https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/61573

Coates, P. S.; Casazza, M. L.; Brussee, B. E.; Ricca, M. A.; Gustafson, K. B.; Sanchez-Chopitea, E.; ... & Delehanty, D. J. 2016. Spatially explicit modeling of annual and seasonal habitat for greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) in Nevada and northeastern California—An updated decision-support tool for management (No. 2016-1080). U.S. Geological Survey. https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161080

Cushman, S. A. 2016. Effects of treatments on the connectivity and fragmentation of wildlife populations across the Great Basin. Funded project by the Great Basin Landscape Conservation Cooperative.

Dilts, T.; Steele, M.; Engler, J. D.; Pelton, E. M.; Jepsen, S. J.; McKnight, S.; ... & Craver, D. R. 2019. Host plants and climate structure habitat associations of the western monarch butterfly. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 7:188. https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2019.00188

Doherty, K. E.; Tack, J. D.; Evans, J. S.; Naugle, D. E. 2010. Mapping breeding densities of greater sage-grouse: a tool for range-wide conservation planning. Bureau of Land Management. Report Number: L10PG00911. 31 p.

Funk, W. C.; Blouin, M. S.; Corn, P. S.; Maxell, B. A.; Pilliod, D. S.; Amish, S.; Allendorf, F. W. 2005. Population structure of Columbia spotted frogs (Rana luteiventris) is strongly affected by the landscape. Molecular ecology 14(2): 483-496. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294x.2005.02426.x

Nobre, A. D.; Cuartas, L. A.; Hodnett, M.; Rennó, C. D.; Rodrigues, G.; Silveira, A.; Saleska, S. 2011. Height Above the Nearest Drainage–a hydrologically relevant new terrain model. Journal of Hydrology 404(1-2): 13-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.03.051

Sappington, J. M.; Longshore, K. M.; Thompson, D. B. 2007. Quantifying landscape ruggedness for animal habitat analysis: a case study using bighorn sheep in the Mojave Desert. The Journal of Wildlife Management 71(5): 1419-1426. https://doi.org/10.2193/2005-723
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Distribution_Information:
Distributor:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: USDA Forest Service, Research and Development
Contact_Position: Research Data Archivist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 240 West Prospect Road
City: Fort Collins
State_or_Province: CO
Postal_Code: 80526
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: see Contact Instructions
Contact Instructions: This contact information was current as of December 2020. For current information see Contact Us page on: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS.
Resource_Description: RDS-2020-0059
Distribution_Liability:
Metadata documents have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness. Unless otherwise stated, all data and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. However, neither the author, the Archive, nor any part of the federal government can assure the reliability or suitability of these data for a particular purpose. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed for a user's application of these data or related materials.

The metadata, data, or related materials may be updated without notification. If a user believes errors are present in the metadata, data or related materials, please use the information in (1) Identification Information: Point of Contact, (2) Metadata Reference: Metadata Contact, or (3) Distribution Information: Distributor to notify the author or the Archive of the issues.
Standard_Order_Process:
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: LYR
Format_Version_Number: see Format Specification
Format_Specification:
ESRI ArcGIS layers file
File_Decompression_Technique: Files zipped with 7-Zip 19.0
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2020-0059
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: MXD
Format_Version_Number: see Format Specification
Format_Specification:
ESRI ArcGIS map exchange document file
File_Decompression_Technique: Files zipped with 7-Zip 19.0
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2020-0059
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: SHP
Format_Version_Number: see Format Specification
Format_Specification:
ESRI ArcGIS shapefile
File_Decompression_Technique: Files zipped with 7-Zip 19.0
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2020-0059
Fees: None
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Metadata_Reference_Information:
Metadata_Date: 20201214
Metadata_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Thomas Dilts
Contact_Organization: University of Nevada Reno
Contact_Position: Spatial Analyst
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 1664 North Virginia Street
City: Reno
State_or_Province: NV
Postal_Code: 89512
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 775-784-4020
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: tdilts@unr.edu
Hours_of_Service: 8 am to 5 pm Pacific time
Contact Instructions: Please e-mail before calling
Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998
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