Data on the effects of silvicultural thinning and prescribed fire on soil chemistry and foliar physiology of three coniferous species at the Teakettle Experimental Forest, California, USA

Metadata:
Identification_Information:
Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Minocha, Rakesh
Originator: Long, Stephanie
Originator: North, Malcolm P.
Publication_Date: 2020
Title:
Data on the effects of silvicultural thinning and prescribed fire on soil chemistry and foliar physiology of three coniferous species at the Teakettle Experimental Forest, California, USA
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Fort Collins, CO
Publisher: Forest Service Research Data Archive
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2020-0074
Description:
Abstract:
These data contain biochemical parameters as measured in foliage from three tree species and related soil chemistry as part of a full factorial experimental design crossing over- and understory silvicultural thinning and prescribed burning at the Teakettle Experimental Forest in the Sierra National Forest, California. Thinning treatments were applied in the fall of 2000 to the plots that were to be thinned and burned, and in the early spring of 2001 to the plots that were thinned only. The prescribed fire treatment was applied in the fall of 2001, after downed fuels had a year to dry. Treatments include: 1) Unburned + Not thinned; 2) Unburned + CASPO (Understory thinning); 3) Unburned + Shelterwood (Overstory thinning); 4) Burned + Not thinned; 5) Burned + CASPO (Understory thinning); and 6) Burned + Shelterwood (Overstory thinning). In early July of 2008 and July 2009, foliage was collected from 5 random Jeffrey pine, sugar pine and white fir trees in each of 3 replicate plots of these 6 treatments (in total, 270 foliar samples from 18 plots); soils were also collected in 2008 (9 cores [split into top/subsoil]) from the same 3 replicate plots and 6 treatments (in total 162 top- and subsoil samples from 18 plots). Foliar data includes free polyamines, free amino acids, soluble ions, total nitrogen (N), total carbon (C), chlorophyll, and soluble protein analyzed by HPLC, ICP-OES, CHNS Combustion Elemental Analyzer, and spectrophotometer. Soil data includes total N and C, extractable ammonium (NH4) and nitrate (NO3), Inorganic Ortho-Phosphate, and exchangeable ions by ICP-OES, ICP-AES, flash combustion quantified by thermal conductivity detection (TCD), and Flow Injection Analyzer (FIA).
Purpose:
The goal of this study was to evaluate the use of metabolic changes in foliage, relative to soil chemistry, as indicators for predicting the effects of thinning and burning treatments on species-specific growth and long-term productivity of Pinus jeffreyi, Pinus lambertiana, and Abies concolor. The overall goal of the experiment was to examine the implications of creating a shift in species composition to favor fire-resistant pines over fir.
Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 2008
Ending_Date: 2009
Currentness_Reference:
Ground condition
Status:
Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As Needed
Spatial_Domain:
Description_of_Geographic_Extent:
The Teakettle Experimental Forest is a 1300 hectare (ha) old-growth forest located in the Sierra National Forest on the western slope of the southern Sierra Nevada Mountains, 80 kilometers (km) east of Fresno, CA. The climate is Mediterranean with hot dry summers (average temperature 20° Celsius [C]) and mild moist winters (average temperature 5° C). Average annual precipitation is 125 centimeters (cm), mostly in the form of snow between November and May. The overall elevation in the Teakettle ranges from 1900 to 2800 meters (m), and elevation covered in this study area ranged from 1900 to 2200 m. The Teakettle falls within the Sierra Nevada physiographic region with variable terrain with rugged mountains, meadows and granite outcrops. The geology of the Teakettle includes some areas of metasedimentary and volcanic substrates, but the majority of the forest consists of granitic soils. The most common soils, the Cannell (inceptisols) and Cagwin (entisols) series have a coarse sandy loam texture throughout and are highly permeable with relatively low water-holding capacity. These poorly developed soils also have very low clay content, typically less than 5 percent (%). The distribution of fine organic matter is patchy. Average soil pH is approximately 5.4. Forest cover is predominantly mixed-conifer including Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi), sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana), white fir (Abies concolor), red fir (Abies magnifica), incense-cedar (Calocedrus decurrens), and black oak (Quercus kelloggii). The dominant shrub is whitethorn ceanothus (Ceanothus cordulatus), a nitrogen fixer.
Bounding_Coordinates:
West_Bounding_Coordinate: -119.030316
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -119.011589
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 36.580000
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 36.955386
Bounding_Altitudes:
Altitude_Minimum: 1900
Altitude_Maximum: 2800
Altitude_Distance_Units: meters
Keywords:
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: biota
Theme_Keyword: environment
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: National Research & Development Taxonomy
Theme_Keyword: Climate change
Theme_Keyword: Ecological adaptation
Theme_Keyword: Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment
Theme_Keyword: Soil
Theme_Keyword: Ecology
Theme_Keyword: Plant ecology
Theme_Keyword: Fire
Theme_Keyword: Fire ecology
Theme_Keyword: Fire effects on environment
Theme_Keyword: Prescribed fire
Theme_Keyword: Forest & Plant Health
Theme_Keyword: Air, soil, water pollution (environmental injury)
Theme_Keyword: Botany
Theme_Keyword: Climate effects
Theme_Keyword: Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis
Theme_Keyword: Monitoring
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Theme_Keyword: amino acids
Theme_Keyword: chlorophyll
Theme_Keyword: foliar chemistry
Theme_Keyword: foliar physiology
Theme_Keyword: metabolism
Theme_Keyword: nutrients
Theme_Keyword: polyamines
Theme_Keyword: prescribed fire
Theme_Keyword: silvicultural thinning
Theme_Keyword: soluble protein
Theme_Keyword: soil chemistry
Theme_Keyword: Jeffrey pine
Theme_Keyword: sugar pine
Theme_Keyword: white fir
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Place_Keyword: Teakettle Experimental Forest
Place_Keyword: California
Place_Keyword: Fresno
Place_Keyword: Sierra National Forest
Place_Keyword: Sierra Nevada Mountains
Place_Keyword: Sierra Nevada physiographic region
Taxonomy:
Taxonomic_System:
Classification_System/Authority:
Classification_System_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: ITIS
Publication_Date: 2020
Title:
Integrated Taxonomic Information System
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: database
Other_Citation_Details:
Retrieved [September, 29, 2020]
Online_Linkage: https://www.itis.gov
Taxonomic_Procedures:
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Kingdom
Taxon_Rank_Value: Plantae
Applicable_Common_Name: plantes
Applicable_Common_Name: Planta
Applicable_Common_Name: Vegetal
Applicable_Common_Name: plants
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Subkingdom
Taxon_Rank_Value: Viridiplantae
Applicable_Common_Name: green plants
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Infrakingdom
Taxon_Rank_Value: Streptophyta
Applicable_Common_Name: land plants
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Superdivision
Taxon_Rank_Value: Embryophyta
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Division
Taxon_Rank_Value: Tracheophyta
Applicable_Common_Name: vascular plants
Applicable_Common_Name: tracheophytes
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Subdivision
Taxon_Rank_Value: Spermatophytina
Applicable_Common_Name: spermatophytes
Applicable_Common_Name: seed plants
Applicable_Common_Name: phanérogames
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Class
Taxon_Rank_Value: Pinopsida
Applicable_Common_Name: conifers
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Subclass
Taxon_Rank_Value: Pinidae
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
Taxon_Rank_Value: Pinales
Applicable_Common_Name: pines
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
Taxon_Rank_Value: Pinaceae
Applicable_Common_Name: pines
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Abies
Applicable_Common_Name: fir
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Abies concolor
Applicable_Common_Name: balsam fir
Applicable_Common_Name: silver fir
Applicable_Common_Name: Colorado fir
Applicable_Common_Name: concolor fir
Applicable_Common_Name: white balsam
Applicable_Common_Name: oyamel de California
Applicable_Common_Name: white fir
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Pinus
Applicable_Common_Name: pine
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Pinus jeffreyi
Applicable_Common_Name: Jeffrey's pine
Applicable_Common_Name: black pine
Applicable_Common_Name: pino negro
Applicable_Common_Name: Jeffrey pine
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Pinus lambertiana
Applicable_Common_Name: sugar pine
Applicable_Common_Name: California sugar pine
Applicable_Common_Name: pino de azúcar
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:
These data were collected using funding from the U.S. Government and can be used without additional permissions or fees. If you use these data in a publication, presentation, or other research product please use the following citation:

Minocha, Rakesh; Long, Stephanie; North, Malcolm P. 2020. Data on the effects of silvicultural thinning and prescribed fire on soil chemistry and foliar physiology of three coniferous species at the Teakettle Experimental Forest, California, USA. Fort Collins, CO: Forest Service Research Data Archive. https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2020-0074
Point_of_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Rakesh Minocha
Contact_Organization: USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station
Contact_Position: Research Plant Physiologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 271 Mast Road
City: Durham
State_or_Province: NH
Postal_Code: 03824
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 603-868-7622
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: rakesh.minocha@usda.gov
Data_Set_Credit:
This project was funded by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Minocha, Rakesh
Originator: Turlapati, Swathi A.
Originator: Long, Stephani
Originator: North, Malcolm P.
Publication_Date: 2013
Title:
Fuel treatment effects on soil chemistry and foliar physiology of three coniferous species at the Teakettle Experimental Forest, California, USA.
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Trees
Issue_Identification: 27: 1101-1113
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-013-0860-6
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: North, Malcolm P.
Publication_Date: 2002
Title:
The Teakettle experiment
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: conference proceedings
Other_Citation_Details:
pp 47-54
Online_Linkage: https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/26094
Larger_Work_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Verner, Jared (tech. editor)
Publication_Date: 2002
Title:
Proceedings of a symposium on the Kings River Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Project: progress and current status
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: conference proceedings
Series_Information:
Series_Name: General Technical Report
Issue_Identification: PSW-GTR-183
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Albany, CA
Publisher: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station
Other_Citation_Details:
January 26, 1998; Clovis, CA; 154 p.
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.2737/PSW-GTR-183
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: North, Malcolm P.
Originator: Oakley, Brian
Originator: Chen, Jiquan
Originator: Erickson, Heather
Originator: Gray, Andrew
Originator: Izzo, Antonio
Originator: Johnson, Dale
Originator: Ma, Siyan
Originator: Marra, Jim
Originator: Meyer, Marc
Originator: Purcell, Kathryn
Originator: Rambo, Tom
Originator: Rizzo, Dave
Originator: Roath, Brent
Originator: Schowalter, Tim
Publication_Date: 2002
Title:
Vegetation and ecological characteristics of mixed-conifer & red fir forests at the Teakettle Experimental Forest
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: conference proceedings
Series_Information:
Series_Name: General Technical Report
Issue_Identification: PSW-GTR-186
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Albany, CA
Publisher: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station
Other_Citation_Details:
52 p.
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.2737/PSW-GTR-186
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Adams, Mary Beth (compiler)
Originator: Loughry, Linda (compiler)
Originator: Plaugher, Linda (compiler)
Publication_Date: 2004
Title:
Experimental Forests and Ranges of the USDA Forest Service
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document
Series_Information:
Series_Name: General Technical Report
Issue_Identification: NE-GTR-321
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Newtown Square, PA
Publisher: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station
Other_Citation_Details:
178 p.
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.2737/NE-GTR-321
Analytical_Tool:
Analytical_Tool_Description:
TotalChrom (version 6.2.1) (PerkinElmer Inc., Waltham, MA, USA). Liquid chromatography (HPLC) control and data processing software.

Is exclusive to PerkinElmer Inc., Life and Analytical Sciences, Shelton, CT, USA; 2002.
Tool_Access_Information:
Online_Linkage: https://www.perkinelmer.com/content/relatedmaterials/brochures/bro_totalchromworkstation.pdf https://www.perkinelmer.com/CMSResources/Images/46-74577MAN_TotalChromWorkstationVolume1.pdf
Tool_Access_Instructions:
see website for access information
Analytical_Tool:
Analytical_Tool_Description:
ICP Expert-VistaPro Software (version 4.0) Life Sciences and Chemical Analysis Software for Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrophotometer (VISTA CCD, Varian, Palo Alto, CA, USA; in May 2010 Varian Inc. was acquired by Agilent Technologies Inc., Santa Clara, CA, USA). ICP-OES control and data processing software.
Tool_Access_Information:
Online_Linkage: https://www.agilent.com/en/products/software-informatics/atomic-spectroscopy-data-systems/icp-expert-software-for-icp-oes
Tool_Access_Instructions:
see website
Analytical_Tool:
Analytical_Tool_Description:
UV Solutions Software (version 2.0) (Hitachi High-Technologies Corp., Tokyo, Japan). UV-Vis Spectrophotometer control and data processing software.

Is exclusive to Hitachi High-Technologies Corp., Tokyo, Japan.
Tool_Access_Information:
Online_Linkage: https://www.hitachi-hightech.com/file/us/pdf/library/literature/UVSolutions-HTB-E068.pdf
Tool_Access_Instructions:
see website
Back to Top
Data_Quality_Information:
Attribute_Accuracy:
Attribute_Accuracy_Report:
For dry foliar samples analyzed for C and N, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST, Gaithersburg, MD, USA) standards 1515 (Apple foliage) and 1547 (Peach foliage) were used for procedure verification. For fresh foliar samples, since there are no NIST standards available for fresh tissue, we used an in-house ground wood reference sample for quality control and assurance. Soil samples were analyzed at the UC Davis Analytical Laboratory, University of California following all standard operating procedures (SOP) available online at http://anlab.ucdavis.edu.

For all samples, at least one standard reference material and a reagent blank was analyzed with every set of samples that were extracted or digested. Analytical replicates and check standards were run intermittently within each set of samples. For all soluble ion analyses, a standard curve was repeated after every 20 samples, and check standards were run after every recalibration and after every 10 samples. For metabolic analyses, because of cost per sample, we ran a larger number of biological replicates as well as multiple analytical replicates on a randomly selected subset. Appropriate method detection limits are tested for each analytical method.
Logical_Consistency_Report:
For all analyses, standards were repeated to ensure accuracy and precision. Many analytical replicates were run for biological samples as a test for assurance and repeatability. Proper statistical analyses were applied to the raw data to check distribution and remove outliers.
Completeness_Report:
This package contains data that were not available or were omitted due to human/technical error, missing samples, removal of outlying values, etc. Those data that were not available (na) have been replaced with the value -888.88, and those where there was no analysis have been replaced with -999.99.
Lineage:
Methodology:
Methodology_Type: Field
Methodology_Description:
FIELD COLLECTION

In 1998, 18 permanent 4 ha plots (200 x 200 m [with a 50 m buffer between plots]) were established in a mixed-conifer area within the Teakettle Experimental Forest in the Sierra National Forest, CA. The 18 plots represent 3 replicate plots of each of 6 treatments. Thinning treatments were applied in the fall of 2000 to the plots that were to be thinned and burned, and in the early spring of 2001 to the plots that were thinned only. The prescribed fire treatment was applied in the fall of 2001, after downed fuels had a year to dry.

In July of both 2008 and 2009, foliage samples were collected from 5 randomly selected trees of Jeffrey pine, sugar pine, and white fir in each of 3 replicate treatment plots for a total of 15 trees per species per treatment for six treatments (Control; Burn only; Understory thin; Overstory thin; Burn+Understory thin; Burn+Overstory thin). Single branches were collected from mid to upper canopy by shotgun. Visually healthy, current-year needles from each tree were finely chopped using scissors to create a pool of approximately 500 milligrams (mg), the clippings were mixed, and two sub-samples were taken for biochemical analyses. The first sub-sample, approximately 200 mg fresh weight (FW), was placed in a pre-weighed 2 milliliter (ml) microfuge tube with 1 ml of 5% Perchloric acid (PCA); the remainder of the sample was placed in a separate dry tube. On the day of collection, all samples were collected and transported on ice and stored at -20 °C until further analysis. In total, foliage from 270 trees was collected each year, and with few exceptions, the same individuals were sampled in both years.

In July 2008, three soil cores were taken from nine sample grid points (50 x 50 m spacing) within each of the 18 plots (3 replicate plots of 6 treatments) using an AMS standard soil auger (5.8 cm). The litter layer was removed before taking the soil samples. Samples from each grid point were subdivided by depth into topsoil (0–10 cm) and subsoil (10–30 cm) layers. All samples were kept on ice for no more than 10 hours, and then air dried to constant mass. In total, 27 individual soil samples were collected for each treatment and each soil depth (i.e. 9 cores [split into top/subsoil] from 3 replicate plots for each of 6 treatments equals 162 soil samples for each soil layer).
Methodology:
Methodology_Type: Lab
Methodology_Description:
LABORATORY PROCESSING OF SAMPLES

All foliar samples in 5% PCA were weighed using a digital scale, thawed (at room temperature [RT°] for 1 hour) and re-frozen 3 times (at -20 °C for 4 or more hours) according to Minocha et al. (1994). Weights were recorded in a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and sample fresh weights were calculated (in grams [g], by subtracting the initial weight of the empty tube and 1 to accommodate the weight of 1 ml 5% PCA from the final weight of the tube + sample + 0.5 or 1 ml 5% PCA). Thawed PCA extracts were centrifuged at 13,000 x g for 8 minutes. The resulting supernatant was used for analyses of PCA-soluble (free) polyamines (PA) and amino acids (AA), and inorganic elements. The other sub-samples were stored at -20 °C were thawed and weighed immediately before being analyzed for chlorophyll and soluble protein. All samples were processed and analyzed individually.

Dry needle samples from five trees per plot for each of three plots per treatment were pooled for C and N analysis. Samples were dried at 70 °C for 48 hours and then ground using a shatterbox (SPEX SamplePrep, Metuchen, NJ) fitted with a small volume ball mill. The samples were ground for 1 minute to produce a fine homogeneous powder that were stored in tightly capped vials until further analysis.

All soil samples were dried at 55-60 °C for approximately 12 hours, then ground using a Wiley mill (Thomas Scientific, Swedesboro, NJ) for 1-4 minutes to pass a 0.5 millimeter (mm) mesh.
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Minocha, Rakesh
Originator: Shortle, Walter C.
Originator: Long, Stephanie
Originator: Minocha, Subhash C.
Publication_Date: 1994
Title:
A rapid and reliable procedure for extraction of cellular polyamines and inorganic ions from plant tissues
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Journal of Plant Growth Regulation
Issue_Identification: 13: 187-193
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00226036
Methodology:
Methodology_Type: Lab
Methodology_Description:
PROCESSING AND QUANTIFICATION OF FREE POLYAMINES AND AMINO ACIDS BY HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY (HPLC):

Perchloric acid soluble polyamines and amino acids were dansylated simultaneously according to Minocha and Long (2004), with a minor modification that the reaction was terminated using L-asparagine (Asn) (50 microliters (µl) of 20 mg per ml water) rather than alanine, as described in the original method. The derivatives were analyzed on a Series 200 Perkin Elmer (Waltham, MA) HPLC system fitted with a Phenomenex (Torrance, CA) Synergi Hydro-RP™, 4 micrometers (µm), 100 x 4.6 mm I.D. analytical column, a Phenomenex C18 SecurityGuard™, 5 µm, 4 x 3 mm I.D. cartridge guard column, and a Perkin Elmer C18, 10 µm, 33 x 4.6 mm I.D. scavenger column. Excitation and emission wavelengths were set at 340 and 515 nanometers (nm) respectively. HPLC analysis follows guidance within EPA SW-846 compendium, method 8000D. Raw data were collected and integrated using TotalChrom HPLC software (Perkin Elmer, v 6.2.1) as nmoles (nmol) per milliliter (ml) methanol and were converted to nmoles (nmol) per gram (g) fresh weight.
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Minocha, Rakesh
Originator: Long, Stephanie
Publication_Date: 2004
Title:
Simultaneous separation and quantitation of amino acids and polyamines of forest tree tissues and cell cultures within a single HPLC run using dansyl derivatization
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Journal of Chromatography A
Issue_Identification: 1035(1): 63-73
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2004.02.026
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: U.S. EPA
Publication_Date: 2018
Title:
SW-846 Test Method 8000D: Determinative Chromatographic Separations
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document
Series_Information:
Series_Name: SW-846 Compendium
Issue_Identification: Revision 5
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Washington, DC
Publisher: United States Environmental Protection Agency
Online_Linkage: https://www.epa.gov/hw-sw846/sw-846-compendium
Methodology:
Methodology_Type: Lab
Methodology_Description:
PROCESSING AND QUANTIFICATION OF PCA-SOLUBLE ELEMENTS BY INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA OPTICAL EMISSIONS SPECTROPHOTOMETER (ICP-OES)

Supernatants of 3 times frozen and thawed samples in PCA were diluted 100 X with distilled deionized water for estimation of soluble ions. PCA-soluble inorganic ions and Phosphorous (P) were quantified using a simultaneous axial ICP-OES (Vista CCD, Varian Inc., Palo Alto, CA) and Vista Pro software (v. 4.0). ICP analysis was done in accordance with EPA SW-846 compendium, method 6010 (extraction somewhat similar to EPA method 3050). Raw data were expressed as parts per million (ppm) and were converted to micromoles (µmol) per gram (g) fresh weight.
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Minocha, Rakesh
Originator: Long, Stephanie
Originator: Thangavel, Palaniswamy
Originator: Minocha, Subhash C.
Originator: Eagar, Christopher
Originator: Driscoll, Charles T.
Publication_Date: 2010
Title:
Elevation dependent sensitivity of northern hardwoods to Ca addition at Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, NH, USA
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Forest Ecology and Management
Issue_Identification: 260(12): 2115-2124
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2010.09.002
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Minocha, Rakesh
Originator: Chamberlain, Bradley
Originator: Long, Stephanie
Originator: Turlapati, Swathi A.
Originator: Quigley, Gloria
Publication_Date: 2015
Title:
Extraction and estimation of the quantity of calcium oxalate crystals in the foliage of conifer and hardwood trees
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Tree Physiology
Issue_Identification: 35(5): 574-580
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpv031
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: U.S. EPA
Publication_Date: 2014
Title:
Method 6010D (SW-846): Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document
Series_Information:
Series_Name: SW-846 Compendium
Issue_Identification: Revision 4
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Washington, DC
Publisher: United States Environmental Protection Agency
Online_Linkage: https://www.epa.gov/hw-sw846/sw-846-compendium
Methodology:
Methodology_Type: Lab
Methodology_Description:
PROCESSING AND QUANTIFICATION OF FOLIAR CARBON AND NITROGEN BY CHNS COMUSTION ELEMENTAL ANALYZER

Two to five mg of previously dried and pulverized foliage samples were weighed and placed in tin capsules. C and N was analyzed by elemental analysis on a Thermo Flash EA 1112 series analyzer (ThermoFisher Scientific, Waltham, MA). Method is similar to EPA method 440. Raw data were expressed as peak area and were then converted to percent (%) dry weight.
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Zimmerman, C. F.
Originator: Keefe, C. W.
Originator: Bashe, J.
Publication_Date: 1997
Title:
Method 440.0 Determination of carbon and nitrogen in sediments and particulates of estuarine/coastal waters using elemental analysis
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Method 440.0
Issue_Identification: EPA/600/R-15/009
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Washington, DC
Publisher: United States Environmental Protection Agency
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: AOAC Official Method 972.43
Publication_Date: 2006
Title:
Official methods of analysis of AOAC International: Chapter 12 microchemical determination of carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen, automated method
Edition: 18th edition, revision 1
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: book chapter
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Gaithersburg, MD
Publisher: AOAC International
Other_Citation_Details:
pp. 5-6
Methodology:
Methodology_Type: Lab
Methodology_Description:
PROCESSING AND QUANTIFICATION OF CHLOROPHYLL BY ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY

Previously frozen tissue was thawed, and 1 ml of 95% ethanol was added to approximately (~) 7 mg of thawed foliage (exact sample weights recorded for later calculations). Samples were incubated in the dark in a 65 °C water bath for 16 hours, centrifuged at 13,000 x g for 5 minutes, and the supernatants scanned for absorbances ranging from 350 to 710 nm using a spectrophotometer (Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan) with UV Solutions software (v. 2.0). Absorbances were recorded at wavelengths of 664 and 649 and then converted to µgram (µg) per gram (g) fresh weight according to Lichtenthaler (1987) and Minocha et al. (2009).
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Lichtenthaler, Hartmut K.
Publication_Date: 1987
Title:
Chlorophylls and carotenoids: Pigments of photosynthetic biomembranes
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Methods in Enzymology
Issue_Identification: 148: 350-382
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1016/0076-6879(87)48036-1
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Minocha, Rakesh
Originator: Martinez, Gabriela
Originator: Long, Benjamin
Originator: Long, Stephanie
Publication_Date: 2009
Title:
Development of a standardized methodology for quantifying total chlorophyll and carotenoids from foliage of hardwood and conifer tree species
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Canadian Journal of Forest Research
Issue_Identification: 39(4): 849-861
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1139/x09-015
Methodology:
Methodology_Type: Lab
Methodology_Description:
PROCESSING AND QUANTIFICATION OF SOLUBLE PROTEIN BY ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY

Previously frozen foliage was thawed, and 0.5 ml of extraction buffer (100 mM Tris-HCl, 20 mM MgCl2, 10 mM NaHCO3, 1 mM EDTA, and 10% (v/v) glycerol, pH 8.0; as found in Jones et al. (1989)) was added to ~ 50 mg fresh-frozen leaf pieces (exact sample weights recorded for later calculations). Samples were then frozen and thawed 3 times, centrifuged at 13,000 x g for 4 minutes and the resulting supernatant was used for protein analysis using Bio-Rad protein dye (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA) according to the Bradford (1976) assay. Raw data of absorbances were recorded at wavelength 595 using a spectrophotometer (Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan) with UV Solutions software (v. 2.0) and were then converted to milligram (mg) per gram (g) fresh weight.
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Bradford, Marion M.
Publication_Date: 1976
Title:
A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein–dye binding
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Analytical Biochemistry
Issue_Identification: 72(1-2): 248-254
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(76)90527-3
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Jones, Clive G.
Originator: Hare, J. D.
Originator: Compton, Steven J.
Publication_Date: 1989
Title:
Measuring plant protein with the Bradford assay
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Journal of Chemical Ecology
Issue_Identification: 15: 979-992
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01015193
Methodology:
Methodology_Type: Lab
Methodology_Description:
PROCESSING AND QUANTIFICATION OF SOIL CHEMISTRY

Previously dried and sieved samples of top- and subsoils were analyzed by the ANR analytical laboratory at the University of California, Davis. Total carbon and nitrogen were analyzed using a flash combustion method (SOP 320.02). Ammonium (NH4+) and Nitrate (NO3-) were extracted in KCl from 12 out of 27 samples (4 samples from each of 3 replicate plots per treatment for each soil depth) and quantified via a flow injection system (SOP 312.02). Exchangeable calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) (SOP 360.02), DTPA-extractable manganese (Mn) (SOP 380.02), and KCl-extractable aluminum (Al) (SOP 392.01) were all quantitated by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Phosphorous (P) was analyzed using the Bray method (SOP 335.02). Manganese, Al, P, NH4+ and NO3- data expressed as parts per million (ppm). Nitrogen and C data expressed as percent (%). Calcium and Mg data expressed as milliequivelants (meq) per 100 grams dry weight.

UC Davis Analytical Lab, Hoagland Annex, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616-5270
http://anlab.ucdavis.edu

SOP 320;
AOAC Official Method 972.43 (1997)

SOP 312;
Hofer, S. 2003. Determination of Ammonia (Salicylate) in 2M KCl soil extracts by Flow Injection Analysis. QuikChem Method 12-107-06-2-A. Lachat Instruments, Loveland, CO.

Keeney, D. R.; Nelson, D. W. 1982. Nitrogen-inorganic forms. pp. 643-698. In: Page (1982)

Knepel, K. 2003. Determination of Nitrate in 2M KCl soil extracts by Flow Injection Analysis. QuikChem Method 12-107-04-1-B. Lachat Instruments, Loveland, CO.

SOP 360;
Thomas, G. W. 1982. Exchangeable cations. pp 159-165. In: Page (1982)

SOP 380;
Lindsay and Norvell (1978)

SOP 392;
Gavlak, Ray; Horneck, D.; Miller, R. O.; Kotuby-Amacher, J. 2003. Soil, Plant and Water Reference Methods for the Western Region. p.134-135.

SOP 335;
Diamond, D. 1995. Phosphorus in soil extracts. QuikChem Method 10-115-01-1-A. Lachat Instruments, Milwaukee, WI.

Olsen, S. R.; Sommers, L. E. 1982. Phosphorus. p. 403-430. In: Page (1982)
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: AOAC Official Method 972.43
Publication_Date: 1997
Title:
Official methods of analysis of AOAC International: Chapter 12 microchemical determination of carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen, automated method
Edition: 16th edition
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: book chapter
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Arlington, VA
Publisher: AOAC International
Other_Citation_Details:
pp. 5-6
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Page, A. L. (editor)
Publication_Date: 1982
Title:
Methods of Soil Analysis: Part 2 Chemical and Microbiological Properties
Edition: 9.2.2, Second Edition
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: book
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Agronony Monographs
Issue_Identification: 9
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Madison, WI
Publisher: ASA and SSSA
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.2134/agronmonogr9.2.2ed
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Lindsay, W. L.
Originator: Norvell, W. A.
Publication_Date: 1978
Title:
Development of a DTPA soil test for zinc, iron, manganese, and copper
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J.
Issue_Identification: 42(3): 421-428
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1978.03615995004200030009x
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
see methodology section
Process_Date: Unknown
Back to Top
Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
Overview_Description:
Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
Below you will find a list and description of the files included in this data publication.

Acronyms used:
cm = centimeter
mg = milligram
nmol = nanomole
FW = fresh weight
g = gram
µg = microgram
µmol = micromole
% = percent
meq = milliequivelant
100g = one hundred grams
ppm = parts per million
ratio = level of one parameter relative to another


DATA FILES

1. \Data\TK_FolMetabolites_Data.csv: Comma-delimited ASCII text file containing foliar metabolite data collected in 2008 and 2009 from the Teakettle Experiment (prescribed burning, thinning, and thinning combined with prescribed burning). Variables for this data file are defined in TK_FolMetabolites_Variables.csv.

2. \Data\TK_FolN+C_Data.csv: Comma-delimited ASCII text file containing foliar nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) data collected in 2008 from the Teakettle Experiment (prescribed burning, thinning, and thinning combined with prescribed burning). Variables for this data file are defined in TK_FolN+C_Variables.csv.

3. \Data\TK_Soil_Data.csv: Comma-delimited ASCII text file containing soil data collected in 2008 from the Teakettle Experiment (prescribed burning, thinning, and thinning combined with prescribed burning). Variables for this data file are defined in TK_Soil_Variables.csv.


VARIABLE DESCRIPTION FILES

Each of the files listed below contain a few header rows with information about the related data file and also contain the following information:
Variable Name = name of variable
Variable Description = description of variable
Acronym for Units = acronym for units
Units = full description of units
IMPORTANT Notes = important notes regarding measurements
References = references for analytical methods

4. \Data\TK_FolMetabolites_Variables.csv: Comma-delimited ASCII text file containing a list and description of the variables provided in the data file TK_FolMetabolites_Data.csv.

5. \Data\TK_FolN+C_Variables.csv: Comma-delimited ASCII text file containing a list and description of the variables provided in the data file TK_FolN+C_Data.csv.

6. \Data\TK_Soil_Variables.csv: Comma-delimited ASCII text file containing a list and description of the variables provided in the data file TK_Soil_Data.csv.
Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:
Minocha, Rakesh; Turlapati, Swathi A.; Long, Stephanie; North, Malcolm. 2013. Fuel treatment effects on soil chemistry and foliar physiology of three coniferous species at the Teakettle Experimental Forest, California, USA. Trees. 27: 1101-1113. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-013-0860-6
Back to Top
Distribution_Information:
Distributor:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: USDA Forest Service, Research and Development
Contact_Position: Research Data Archivist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 240 West Prospect Road
City: Fort Collins
State_or_Province: CO
Postal_Code: 80526
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: see Contact Instructions
Contact Instructions: This contact information was current as of November 2020. For current information see Contact Us page on: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS.
Resource_Description: RDS-2020-0074
Distribution_Liability:
Metadata documents have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness. Unless otherwise stated, all data and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which these data were collected. However, neither the author, the Archive, nor any part of the federal government can assure the reliability or suitability of these data for a particular purpose. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed for a user's application of these data or related materials.

The metadata, data, or related materials may be updated without notification. If a user believes errors are present in the metadata, data or related materials, please use the information in (1) Identification Information: Point of Contact, (2) Metadata Reference: Metadata Contact, or (3) Distribution Information: Distributor to notify the author or the Archive of the issues.
Standard_Order_Process:
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: ASCII
Format_Version_Number: see Format Specification
Format_Specification:
Comma-delimited ASCII text file (CSV)
File_Decompression_Technique: Files zipped with 7-Zip 19.0
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2020-0074
Fees: None
Back to Top
Metadata_Reference_Information:
Metadata_Date: 20201119
Metadata_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station
Contact_Person: Rakesh Minocha
Contact_Position: Plant Physiologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 271 Mast Road
City: Durham
State_or_Province: NH
Postal_Code: 03824
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 603-868-7622
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: rakesh.minocha@usda.gov
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station
Contact_Person: Stephanie Long
Contact_Position: Biological Technician
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 271 Mast Road
City: Durham
State_or_Province: NH
Postal_Code: 03824
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 603-868-7623
Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Biological Data Profile of the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001.1-1999
Back to Top