Data (soil and foliar) for the study on the potential effects of the interaction between regional air pollution and land-use history (grazing) along an elevational gradient on Himalayan cedar (Cedrus deodara) and Himalayan spruce (Picea smithiana) at Kufri, HP, India

Metadata:
Identification_Information:
Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Minocha, Rakesh
Originator: Contosta, Alexandra R.
Originator: Kohli, Ravinder K.
Originator: Minocha, Subhash C.
Originator: Long, Stephanie
Publication_Date: 2020
Title:
Data (soil and foliar) for the study on the potential effects of the interaction between regional air pollution and land-use history (grazing) along an elevational gradient on Himalayan cedar (Cedrus deodara) and Himalayan spruce (Picea smithiana) at Kufri, HP, India
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Fort Collins, CO
Publisher: Forest Service Research Data Archive
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2020-0075
Description:
Abstract:
These are foliar data from Himalayan cedar and Himalayan spruce together with relative soil core and soil pit data, collected from four locations along an elevational gradient within the Shimla Water Catchment Wildlife Sanctuary at Kufri, Himachal Pradesh, India. The foliar metabolites and soil characteristics are part of a study on the impacts of local and regional drivers of forest health in a forested catchment in the lower Himalayan Mountains of India. In late October of 2009, foliage from 10 randomly selected Himalayan cedar (from southerly aspect) was collected from 4 plots ranging in elevation from Ridge (2649 meters [m]), High (2539 m), Mid (2425 m), to Low (2371 m), and from 10 random Himalayan spruce (from northerly aspect) from Ridge (2649 m) and Low (2371 m) elevations; together these plots represent an elevational gradient. Five soil cores (top 10 centimeters) and one soil pit (soil profile with A & B horizons) were also collected near the cedar foliage sampling sites. Foliar data includes free polyamines, free amino acids, soluble ions, chlorophyll, and soluble protein analyzed by HPLC, ICP-OES and spectrophotometer. Soil data includes soil pH, % organic matter, total N and C, exchangeable ions, acidity and effective cation exchange capacity by pH meter, flash combustion quantified by TCD and ICP-OES.
Purpose:
The goal of this study was to evaluate how regional air pollution interacts with local land management to impact soil nutrient availability and forest health within a forested catchment in the lower Himalayan Mountains of India.
Supplemental_Information:
Original publication date was 12/17/2020. Minor metadata updates were made on 03/09/2021. On 03/30/2021 metadata was updated to include reference to Minocha et al. (2021) which is directly related to these data.
Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 20091022
Ending_Date: 20091023
Currentness_Reference:
Ground condition
Status:
Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As needed
Spatial_Domain:
Description_of_Geographic_Extent:
This study occurred at the Shimla Water Catchment Wildlife Sanctuary, Kufri, Himachal Pradesh in Northern India. The sanctuary lies within the Lesser Himalayan mountain range, and its roughly rectangular shape covers an area of 1020.32 hectare (ha). It is located between 31.083° to 32.25° latitude and 77.2° to 77.25° longitude, ~1915 to 2750 meters (m) above mean sea level. The terrain within the forested water catchment is very steep and precipitous at places with slopes ranging from 23% near the ridge top to ~50% at mid slope. Average soil pH is 6.2. Forest cover is open to moderately dense with a mix of coniferous and broadleaf tree species, shrubs, and ground cover including grasses, ferns and vascular herbs. According to the Köppen-Geiger matrix the climate in Kufri is classified as Subtropical highland or Monsoon-influenced temperate oceanic. The average annual temperature is 12.7° Celsius (C); June is the warmest month with an average temperature of 19.4° C, and January is the coldest at 4.2 °C. Mean annual rainfall is ~152 centimeters (cm). November is the driest month (ave. 1.6 cm), July is the wettest month (ave. 41.6 cm); ~71% of the annual rainfall occurs during the southwest monsoon season, which is short-lived. The water catchment regulates runoff into the Giri River, a tributary of the river Yamuna, one of the twelve major rivers in India.
Bounding_Coordinates:
West_Bounding_Coordinate: 77.20000
East_Bounding_Coordinate: 77.25000
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 31.11667
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 31.08333
Bounding_Altitudes:
Altitude_Minimum: 1915.000
Altitude_Maximum: 2750.000
Altitude_Distance_Units: meters
Keywords:
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: biota
Theme_Keyword: elevation
Theme_Keyword: environment
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: National Research & Development Taxonomy
Theme_Keyword: Climate change
Theme_Keyword: Climate change effects
Theme_Keyword: Ecological adaptation
Theme_Keyword: Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment
Theme_Keyword: Ecology
Theme_Keyword: Landscape ecology
Theme_Keyword: Plant ecology
Theme_Keyword: Soil
Theme_Keyword: Forest & Plant Health
Theme_Keyword: Air, soil, water pollution (environmental injury)
Theme_Keyword: Forest & Plant Health
Theme_Keyword: Botany
Theme_Keyword: Climate effects
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Theme_Keyword: polyamines
Theme_Keyword: amino acids
Theme_Keyword: exchangeable ions
Theme_Keyword: chlorophyll
Theme_Keyword: soluble protein
Theme_Keyword: foliar physiology
Theme_Keyword: metabolism
Theme_Keyword: nutrients
Theme_Keyword: soil chemistry
Theme_Keyword: Himalayan cedar
Theme_Keyword: Himalayan spruce
Theme_Keyword: elevational gradient
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Place_Keyword: India
Place_Keyword: Himachal Pradesh
Place_Keyword: Kufri
Place_Keyword: Shimla
Place_Keyword: Shimla Water Catchment Wildlife Sanctuary
Place_Keyword: Lesser Himalayan mountain range
Taxonomy:
Taxonomic_System:
Classification_System/Authority:
Classification_System_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: ITIS
Publication_Date: 2020
Title:
Integrated Taxonomic Information System
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Database
Other_Citation_Details:
Retrieved [November, 9, 2020]
Online_Linkage: https://www.itis.gov
Taxonomic_Procedures:
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Kingdom
Taxon_Rank_Value: Plantae
Applicable_Common_Name: plantes
Applicable_Common_Name: Planta
Applicable_Common_Name: Vegetal
Applicable_Common_Name: plants
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: SubKingdom
Taxon_Rank_Value: Viridiplantae
Applicable_Common_Name: green plants
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Infrakingdom
Taxon_Rank_Value: Streptophyta
Applicable_Common_Name: land plants
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Superdivision
Taxon_Rank_Value: Embryophyta
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Division
Taxon_Rank_Value: Tracheophyta
Applicable_Common_Name: vascular plants
Applicable_Common_Name: tracheophytes
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Subdivision
Taxon_Rank_Value: Spermatophytina
Applicable_Common_Name: spermatophytes
Applicable_Common_Name: seed plants
Applicable_Common_Name: phanerogames
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Class
Taxon_Rank_Value: Pinopsida
Applicable_Common_Name: conifers
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Subclass
Taxon_Rank_Value: Pinidae
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
Taxon_Rank_Value: Pinales
Applicable_Common_Name: pines
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
Taxon_Rank_Value: Pinaceae
Applicable_Common_Name: pines
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Cedrus
Applicable_Common_Name: cedar
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Cedrus deodara
Applicable_Common_Name: Deodar cedar
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Picea
Applicable_Common_Name: spruce
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Picea smithiana
Applicable_Common_Name: morinda spruce
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:
These data were collected using funding from the U.S. Government and can be used without additional permissions or fees. If you use these data in a publication, presentation, or other research product please use the following citation:

Minocha, Rakesh; Contosta, Alexandra R.; Kohli, Ravinder K.; Minocha, Subhash C.; Long, Stephanie. 2020. Data (soil and foliar) for the study on the potential effects of the interaction between regional air pollution and land-use history (grazing) along an elevational gradient on Himalayan cedar (Cedrus deodara) and Himalayan spruce (Picea smithiana) at Kufri, HP, India. Fort Collins, CO: Forest Service Research Data Archive. https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2020-0075
Point_of_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Rakesh Minocha
Contact_Organization: USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station
Contact_Position: Research Plant Physiologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 271 Mast Road
City: Durham
State_or_Province: NH
Postal_Code: 03824
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 603-868-7622
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: rakesh.minocha@usda.gov
Data_Set_Credit:
A large part of the funding for this study was provided by the U.S. Government through the National Science Foundation (NSF) Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) Program as a supplement to Hubbard Brook LTER for International Collaborative Research. Other funding was also provided by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Minocha, Rakesh
Originator: Contosta, Alexandra R.
Originator: Lawrence, Gregory B.
Originator: Kohli, Ravinder K.
Originator: Minocha, Subhash C.
Originator: Long, Stephanie
Publication_Date: 2021
Title:
Changes in soil chemistry and foliar metabolism of Himalayan Cedar (Cedrus deodara) and Himalayan Spruce (Picea smithiana) along an elevational gradient at Kufri, HP, India: The potential roles of regional pollution and localized grazing
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Forests
Issue_Identification: 12: 400
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3390/f12040400
Analytical_Tool:
Analytical_Tool_Description:
TotalChrom (version 6.2.1) (PerkinElmer Inc., Waltham, MA, USA). Liquid chromatography (HPLC) control and data processing software.

Is exclusive to PerkinElmer Inc., Life and Analytical Sciences, Shelton, CT, USA; 2002.
Tool_Access_Information:
Online_Linkage: https://www.perkinelmer.com/content/relatedmaterials/brochures/bro_totalchromworkstation.pdf \ https://www.perkinelmer.com/CMSResources/Images/46-74577MAN_TotalChromWorkstationVolume1.pdf
Tool_Access_Instructions:
see website for access information
Analytical_Tool:
Analytical_Tool_Description:
ICP Expert-VistaPro Software (version 4.0) Life Sciences and Chemical Analysis Software for Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrophotometer (VISTA CCD, Varian, Palo Alto, CA, USA; in May 2010 Varian Inc. was acquired by Agilent Technologies Inc., Santa Clara, CA, USA). ICP-OES control and data processing software is exclusive to Agilent Technologies Inc., Santa Clara, CA, USA.
Tool_Access_Information:
Online_Linkage: https://www.agilent.com/en/products/software-informatics/atomic-spectroscopy-data-systems/icp-expert-software-for-icp-oes
Tool_Access_Instructions:
see website
Analytical_Tool:
Analytical_Tool_Description:
UV Solutions (version 2.0) (Hitachi Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) UV-Vis Absorption spectrophotometer control and data processing software.

Is exclusive to Hitachi High-Tech Corp., Life Science Group, Tokyo, Japan.
Tool_Access_Information:
Online_Linkage: https://www.hitachi-hightech.com/file/us/pdf/library/literature/UVSolutions-HTB-E068.pdf
Tool_Access_Instructions:
see website
Back to Top
Data_Quality_Information:
Attribute_Accuracy:
Attribute_Accuracy_Report:
Soil samples were analyzed at the Maine Agricultural and Forest Experiment Station (MAFES) Analytical Laboratory and Maine Soil Testing Service at the University of Maine at Orono following all standard operating procedures (SOP) & QA/QC protocols. More information is available online at https://umaine.edu/soiltestinglab/. For all samples, at least one standard reference material and a reagent blank was analyzed with every set of samples that were extracted or digested. Analytical replicates and check standards were run intermittently within each set of samples. For all soluble ion analyses, a standard curve was repeated after every 20 samples, and check standards were run after every recalibration and after every 10 samples. For metabolic analyses, because of cost per sample, we ran a larger number of biological replicates as well as multiple analytical replicates on a randomly selected subset. Appropriate method detection limits are tested for each analytical method.
Logical_Consistency_Report:
For all analyses, standards were repeated to ensure accuracy and precision. Many analytical replicates were run for biological samples as a test for assurance and repeatability. Proper statistical analyses were applied to the raw data to check distribution and remove outliers.
Completeness_Report:
The set contains data that were not available or omitted due to human/technical error, missing samples, removal of outlying values, etc. Those data that were not available (na) have been replaced with the value -888.88, and those where there was no analysis have been replaced with -999.99.
Lineage:
Methodology:
Methodology_Type: Field
Methodology_Description:
In late October of 2009, foliage from 10 randomly selected Himalayan cedar (from southerly aspect) was collected from 4 plots ranging in elevation from Ridge (2649 m), High (2539 m), Mid (2425 m), to Low (2371 m), and from 10 random Himalayan spruce (from northerly aspect) from Ridge (2649 m) and Low (2371 m) elevations; together these plots represent an elevational gradient. Single branches were collected from mid canopy using a pole pruner. Visually healthy, current-year needles from each tree were finely chopped using scissors to create a pool of approximately 500 milligrams (mg), the clippings were mixed, and two sub-samples were taken for biochemical analyses. The first sub-sample, approximately 200 mg fresh weight (FW), was placed in a pre-weighed 2 milliliter (ml) microfuge tube with 1 ml of 5% Perchloric acid (PCA); the remainder of the sample was placed in a separate dry tube. On the day of collection, all samples were collected and transported on ice and stored at -20 °C. In total, foliage from 60 trees were collected; 40 Himalayan cedar and 20 Himalayan spruce. In accordance with permits issued by the USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services (APHIS), the frozen samples were later shipped to the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station in Durham, NH, where they were kept until further analysis.

Five soil cores were collected, and one soil pit was dug near the cedar foliage sampling sites at each elevation. The soil cores included the top 8-10 cm of soil and was comprised of 2 to 3 cm of Oe horizon plus several cms of the uppermost A horizon. Soil pits were excavated to a depth of 60 to 80 cm for a profile description and sampling. Samples included the A, B1, and B2 horizons and were collected at vertical midpoints of each horizon. In accordance with permits issued by the USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services (APHIS), the soil samples were later shipped to the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station in Durham, NH, USA. Air-dried soils were then sent for various soil analyses to the Analytical Laboratory and Maine Soil Testing Service Laboratory at the University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA.
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Minocha, Rakesh
Originator: Contosta, Alexandra R.
Originator: Lawrence, Gregory B.
Originator: Kohli, Ravinder K.
Originator: Minocha, Subhash C.
Originator: Long, Stephanie
Publication_Date: 2021
Title:
Changes in soil chemistry and foliar metabolism of Himalayan Cedar (Cedrus deodara) and Himalayan Spruce (Picea smithiana) along an elevational gradient at Kufri, HP, India: The potential roles of regional pollution and localized grazing
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Forests
Issue_Identification: 12: 400
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3390/f12040400
Methodology:
Methodology_Type: Lab
Methodology_Description:
All foliar samples in 5% PCA were weighed using a digital scale, thawed (at room temperature [RT°] for 1 hour) and re-frozen 3 times (at -20 °C for 4 or more hours) according to Minocha et al. (1994). Weights were recorded in a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and sample fresh weights were calculated (in grams [g], by subtracting the initial weight of the empty tube and 1 to accommodate the weight of 1 ml 5% PCA from the final weight of the tube + sample + 0.5 or 1 ml 5% PCA). Thawed PCA extracts were centrifuged at 13,000 x g for 8 minutes. The resulting supernatant was used for analyses of PCA-soluble (free) polyamines (PA) and amino acids (AA), and inorganic elements. The other sub-samples were stored at -20 °C were thawed and weighed immediately before being analyzed for chlorophyll and soluble protein. All samples were processed and analyzed individually.

All soil samples were air-dried at room temperature for approximately 7 days before being sent to the Analytical Laboratory and Maine Soil Testing Service Laboratory at the University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA, for analyis according to the Soil Science Society of America's North American Proficiency Testing (NAPT) Program.
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Minocha, Rakesh
Originator: Shortle, Walter C.
Originator: Long, Stephanie
Originator: Minocha, Subhash C.
Publication_Date: 1994
Title:
A rapid and reliable procedure for extraction of cellular polyamines and inorganic ions from plant tissues
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Journal of Plant Growth Regulation
Issue_Identification: 13: 187-193
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00226036
Methodology:
Methodology_Type: Lab
Methodology_Description:
Processing and Quantification of Free Polyamines and Amino acids by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC):

Perchloric acid soluble polyamines and amino acids were dansylated simultaneously according to Minocha and Long (2004), with a minor modification that the reaction was terminated using L-asparagine (Asn) (50 microliters (µl) of 20 mg per ml water) rather than alanine, as described in the original method. The derivatives were analyzed on a Series 200 Perkin Elmer (Waltham, MA) HPLC system fitted with a Phenomenex (Torrance, CA) Synergi Hydro-RP™, 4 micrometers (µm), 100 x 4.6 millimeters (mm) I.D. analytical column, a Phenomenex C18 SecurityGuard™, 5 µm, 4 x 3 mm I.D. cartridge guard column, and a Perkin Elmer C18, 10 µm, 33 x 4.6 mm I.D. scavenger column. Excitation and emission wavelengths were set at 340 and 515 nanometers (nm), respectively. HPLC analysis follows guidance within EPA SW-846 compendium, method 8000D. Raw data were collected and integrated using TotalChrom HPLC software (Perkin Elmer, v 6.2.1) as nmoles (nmol) per milliliter (ml) methanol and were converted to nmoles (nmol) per gram (g) fresh weight.
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Minocha, Rakesh
Originator: Long, Stephanie
Publication_Date: 2004
Title:
Simultaneous separation and quantitation of amino acids and polyamines of forest tree tissues and cell cultures within a single HPLC run using dansyl derivatization
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Journal of Chromatography A
Issue_Identification: 1035(1): 63-73
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2004.02.026
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: U.S. EPA
Publication_Date: 2018
Title:
SW-846 Test Method 8000D: Determinative Chromatographic Separations
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document
Series_Information:
Series_Name: SW-846 Compendium
Issue_Identification: Revision 6
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Washington D.C.
Publisher: United States Environmental Protection Agency
Online_Linkage: https://www.epa.gov/hw-sw846/sw-846-compendium
Methodology:
Methodology_Type: Lab
Methodology_Description:
Processing and Quantification of PCA-Soluble Elements in Foliage by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrophotometer (ICP-OES):

Supernatants of 3 times frozen and thawed foliage samples in PCA were diluted 100 X with distilled deionized water for estimation of soluble ions. PCA-soluble inorganic ions and Phosphorous (P) were quantified using a simultaneous axial ICP-OES (Vista CCD, Varian Inc., Palo Alto, CA) and Vista Pro software (v. 4.0). ICP analysis was done in accordance with EPA SW-846 compendium, method 6010 (extraction somewhat similar to EPA method 3050). Raw data were expressed as parts per million (ppm) and was converted to micromoles (µmol) per gram (g) fresh weight.
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Minocha, Rakesh
Originator: Long, Stephanie
Originator: Thangavel, Palaniswamy
Originator: Minocha, Subhash C.
Originator: Eagar, Christopher
Originator: Driscoll, Charles T.
Publication_Date: 2010
Title:
Elevation dependent sensitivity of northern hardwoods to Ca addition at Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, NH, USA
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Forest Ecology and Management
Issue_Identification: 260(12): 2115-2124
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2010.09.002
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Minocha, Rakesh
Originator: Chamberlain, Bradley
Originator: Long, Stephanie
Originator: Turlapati, Swathi A.
Originator: Quigley, Gloria
Publication_Date: 2015
Title:
Extraction and estimation of the quantity of calcium oxalate crystals in the foliage of conifer and hardwood trees
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Tree Physiology
Issue_Identification: 35(5): 574-580
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpv031
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: U.S. EPA
Publication_Date: 2014
Title:
Method 6010D (SW-846): Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document
Series_Information:
Series_Name: SW-846-compendium
Issue_Identification: Revision 4
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Washington D.C.
Publisher: United States Environmental Protection Agency
Online_Linkage: https://www.epa.gov/hw-sw846/sw-846-compendium
Methodology:
Methodology_Type: Lab
Methodology_Description:
Processing and Quantification of Chlorophyll by Absorption Spectrometry:

Previously frozen tissue was thawed, and 1 ml of 95% ethanol was added to approximately (~) 7 mg of thawed foliage (exact sample weights recorded for later calculations). Samples were incubated in the dark in a 65 °C water bath for 16 hours, centrifuged at 13,000 x g for 5 minutes, and the supernatants scanned for absorbance ranging from 350 to 710 nm using a spectrophotometer (Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan). Absorbances were recorded at wavelengths of 664 and 649 and then converted to µgram (µg) per gram (g) fresh weight according to Lichtenthaler (1987) and Minocha et al. (2009).
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Lichtenthaler, Hartmut K.
Publication_Date: 1987
Title:
Chlorophylls and carotenoids: Pigments of photosynthetic biomembranes
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Methods in Enzymology
Issue_Identification: 148: 350-382
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1016/0076-6879(87)48036-1
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Minocha, Rakesh
Originator: Martinez, Gabriela
Originator: Lyons, Benjamin
Originator: Long, Stephanie
Publication_Date: 2009
Title:
Development of a standardized methodology for the quantification of total chlorophyll and carotenoids from foliage of hardwood and conifer tree species
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Canadian Journal of Forest Research
Issue_Identification: 9(4): 849-861
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1139/x09-015
Methodology:
Methodology_Type: Lab
Methodology_Description:
Processing and Quantification of Soluble Protein by Absorption Spectrometry:

Previously frozen foliage was thawed, and 0.5 ml of extraction buffer (100 mM Tris-HCl, 20 mM MgCl2, 10 mM NaHCO3, 1 mM EDTA, and 10% (v/v) glycerol, pH 8.0; as found in Jones et al. (1989) was added to ~ 50 mg fresh-frozen leaf pieces (exact sample weights recorded for later calculations). Samples were then frozen and thawed 3 times, centrifuged at 13,000 x g for 4 minutes and the resulting supernatant was used for protein analysis using Bio-Rad protein dye (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA) according to the Bradford (1976) assay. Raw data of absorbance recorded at wavelength 595 were converted to milligram (mg) per gram (g) fresh weight.
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Bradford, Marion M.
Publication_Date: 1976
Title:
A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein–dye binding
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Analytical Biochemistry
Issue_Identification: 72(1-2): 248-254
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(76)90527-3
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Jones, Clive G.
Originator: Hare, J. D.
Originator: Compton, Steve J.
Publication_Date: 1989
Title:
Measuring plant protein with the Bradford assay
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Journal of Chemical Ecology
Issue_Identification: 15: 979-992
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01015193
Methodology:
Methodology_Type: Lab
Methodology_Description:
Processing and Quantification of Soil Chemistry:

Dried and sieved samples of top- and subsoils were analyzed by the Analytical Laboratory and Maine Soil Testing Service Laboratory at the University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA, according to the Soil Science Society of America's North American Proficiency Testing (NAPT) Program. Total soil Nitrogen (TN) and Carbon (TC) were analyzed using a flash combustion method quantified by thermal conductivity detection (TCD). Exchangeable calcium (Ca), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), phosphorous (P), aluminum (Al), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), sodium (Na) and zinc (Zn) were all quantitated by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Organic soil matter measured and calculated by loss on ignition (LOI) using a muffle furnace at 550°C for 5 hours. Soil pH measured in distilled water by pH meter. Exchangeable acidity was extracted in potassium chloride and measured by titration. Effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC) is calculated by the summation of milliequivalents of Ca, K, Mg, Na, plus acidity. LOI, TN and TC data expressed as percent (%). Exchangeable ion (Ca, K, Mg, P, Al, Fe, Mn, Na, Zn) data expressed as milligrams per kilogram of dry soil (mg kg-1). Acidity and ECEC are expressed as milliequivalents per 100 grams dry soil (meq 100g-1).

Analytical Laboratory and Maine Soil Testing Service Laboratory at the University of Maine, 5722 Deering Hall, Orono, ME, USA 04469-5722
https://umaine.edu/soiltestinglab/

Soil analyses conducted according to the Soil Science Society of America's North American Proficiency Testing (NAPT) Program which presently resides at the University of Delaware Soil Testing Laboratory, 531 S College Avenue, 152 Townsend Hall, Newark, DE, USA 19716-2170.

Northeastern Regional Publication No. 493, 3rd Edition, Agricultural Experiment Stations of Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, and West Virginia. Prepared by: The Northeast Coordinating Committee for Soil Testing (NECC-1312). Revised July 1, 2011.
https://www.udel.edu/canr/cooperative-extension/environmental-stewardship/soil-testing/

McLean, E.O. 1982. Soil pH and Lime Requirements. pp. 199-223. In: Page (1982)

Knudsen, D. and D. Beegle. 1988. Recommended phosphorus tests. pp. 12-15. In: Dahnke (1988)

Thomas, G.W. 1982. Exchangeable cations. pp. 159-165. In: Page (1982)
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Fernandez, I. J.
Publication_Date: 1998
Title:
Preliminary protocols for sampling and analysis of ash and sludge amended forest soils
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Maine Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin
Issue_Identification: 818: 1-24
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Page, A. L. (editor)
Publication_Date: 1982
Title:
Methods of Soil Analysis: Part 2 Chemical and Microbiological Properties
Edition: 9,2,2, Second Edition
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: book
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Agronony Monographs
Issue_Identification: 9
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Madison, WI
Publisher: ASA and SSSA
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.2134/agronmonogr9.2.2ed
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Robarge, W. P.
Originator: Fernandez, I. J.
Publication_Date: 1987
Title:
Quality assurance methods manual for laboratory analytical techniques
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document
Publication_Information:
Publisher: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service
Online_Linkage: https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPURL.cgi?Dockey=940030GG.TXT
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Zimmerman, C. F.
Originator: Keefe, C. W.
Originator: Bashe, J.
Publication_Date: 1997
Title:
Method 440.0 Determination of Carbon and Nitrogen in Sediments and Particulates of Estuarine/Coastal Waters Using Elemental Analysis
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Method 440.0
Issue_Identification: EPA/600/R-15/009
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Washington D.C.
Publisher: United States Environmental Protection Agency
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Mehlich, A.
Publication_Date: 1984
Title:
Mehlich 3 soil test extractant: A modification of the Mehlich 2 extractant
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis
Issue_Identification: 15(12): 1409-1416
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1080/00103628409367568
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Dahnke, W. C. (editor)
Publication_Date: 1988
Title:
Recommended Chemical Soil Tests Procedures for the North Central Region
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Bulletin No. 499 (Revised)
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Fargo, ND
Publisher: North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: USDA NRCS
Publication_Date: 1995
Title:
Soil survey laboratory information manual
Edition: Version No. 1.0
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Soil Survey Investigations Report No. 42
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Lincoln, NE
Publisher: United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service, National Soil Survey Center
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: USDA NRCS
Publication_Date: 2004
Title:
Soil survey laboratory methods manual
Edition: Version No. 4.0
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Soil Survey Investigations Report No. 45
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Lincoln, NE
Publisher: United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service, National Soil Survey Center
Online_Linkage: https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/nrcseprd1026807.pdf
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Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
Overview_Description:
Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
Below is a list and description of the files included in this data publication.

Acronyms used:
% = percent
µg g-1 FW = micrograms per gram fresh weight
µmol g-1 FW = micromoles per gram fresh weight
cm = centimeter
in = inches
m = meter
meq 100g-1 = milliequivalent per one hundred gram soil
mg g-1 FW = milligrams per gram fresh weight
mg kg-1 = milligrams per one kilogram soil
nmol g-1 FW = nanomoles per gram fresh weight
ratio = level of one parameter relative to another

DATA FILES (2)

1. \Data\Data_Fol_Minocha_Kufri.csv: Comma-delimited ASCII text file containing foliar metabolite data collected in 2009 from Himalayan cedar (Cedrus deodara) and Himalayan spruce (Picea smithiana) growing along an elevational gradient in the Shimla Water Catchment Wildlife Sanctuary at Kufri, Himachal Pradesh, India. Variables for this data file are defined in Variables_Fol_Minocha_Kufri.csv.

2. \Data\Data_Soil_Minocha_Kufri.csv: Comma-delimited ASCII text file containing soil core and soil pit data collected in 2009 along an elevational gradient in the Shimla Water Catchment Wildlife Sanctuary at Kufri, Himachal Pradesh, India. Variables for this data file are defined in Variables_Soil_Minocha_Kufri.csv.


VARIABLE DESCRIPTION FILES (2)

Each of the files listed below contain a few header rows with information about the related data file and also contain the following information:
Header = name of variable
Description = description of variable
Acronym for Units = acronym for units
Units = full description of units
IMPORTANT Notes = important notes regarding measurements
References = references for analytical methods

3. \Data\Variables_Fol_Minocha_Kufri.csv: Comma-delimited ASCII text file containing a list and description of the variables provided in the data file Data_Fol_Minocha_Kurfri.csv.

4. \Data\Variables_Soil_Minocha_Kufri.csv: Comma-delimited ASCII text file containing a list and description of the variables provided in the data file Data_Soil_Minocha_Kufri.csv.
Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:
Minocha, Rakesh; Contosta, Alexandra R.; Lawrence, Gregory B.; Kohli, Ravinder K.; Minocha, Subhash C.; Long, Stephanie. 2021. Changes in soil chemistry and foliar metabolism of Himalayan Cedar (Cedrus deodara) and Himalayan Spruce (Picea smithiana) along an elevational gradient at Kufri, HP, India: The potential roles of regional pollution and localized grazing. Forests 12: 400. https://doi.org/10.3390/f12040400


Bradford, Marion M.; 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein–dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry 72(1-2): 248-254. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(76)90527-3

Fernandez, I.J. 1998. Preliminary protocols for sampling and analysis of ash and sludge amended forest soils. Maine Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin: 818: 1-24.

Jones, Clive G.; Hare, J. Daniel; Compton, Steve J. 1989. Measuring plant protein with the Bradford assay. Journal of Chemical Ecology 15: 979–992. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01015193

Lichtenthaler, Hartmut K. 1987. Chlorophylls and carotenoids: Pigments of photosynthetic biomembranes. Methods in Enzymology 148: 350-382. https://doi.org/10.1016/0076-6879(87)48036-1

Knudsen, D. and D. Beegle. 1988. Recommended phosphorus tests. p. 12-15, In: W.C. Dahnke (ed.) Recommended Chemical Soil Tests Procedures for the North Central Region. Bulletin No. 499 (Revised). North Dakota Agric. Exp. Sta., Fargo, North Dakota.

McLean, E.O. 1982. Soil pH and lime requirements. In Page, A.L., R.H. Miller and D.R Keeney (eds.) Methods of soil analysis Part 2 - Chemical and microbiological properties. (2nd Ed.). Agronomy 9: 199-223. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronmonogr9.2.2ed

Mehlich, A. 1984. Mehlich 3 soil test extractant: A modification of the Mehlich 2 extractant. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 15(12): 1409-1416. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103628409367568

Minocha, Rakesh; Chamberlain, Bradley; Long, Stephanie; Turlapati, Swathi A.; Quigley, Gloria. 2015. Extraction and estimation of the quantity of calcium oxalate crystals in the foliage of conifer and hardwood trees. Tree Physiology 35(5): 574-580. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpv031

Minocha, Rakesh; Long, Stephanie. 2004. Simultaneous separation and quantitation of amino acids and polyamines of forest tree tissues and cell cultures within a single HPLC run using dansyl derivatization. Journal of Chromatography A 1035(1):63-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2004.02.026

Minocha, Rakesh; Long, Stephanie; Thangavel, Palaniswamy; Minocha, Subhash C.; Eagar, Christopher; Driscoll, Charles T. 2010. Elevation dependent sensitivity of northern hardwoods to Ca addition at Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, NH, USA. Forest Ecology and Management 260(12):2115-2124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2010.09.002

Minocha, Rakesh; Martinez, Gabriela; Lyons, Benjamin; Long, Stephanie. 2009. Development of a standardized methodology for the quantification of total chlorophyll and carotenoids from foliage of hardwood and conifer tree species. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 39(4): 849-861. https://doi.org/10.1139/x09-015

Northeastern Regional Publication No. 493, 3rd Edition, Agricultural Experiment Stations of Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, and West Virginia. Prepared by: The Northeast Coordinating Committee for Soil Testing (NECC-1312). Revised July 1, 2011.

Robarge, W.P.; Fernandez, I.J. Quality assurance methods manual for laboratory analytical techniques. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service: 1987.

Soil analyses conducted according to the Soil Science Society of America's North American Proficiency Testing (NAPT) Program which presently resides at the University of Delaware Soil Testing Laboratory, 531 S. College Avenue, 152 Townsend Hall, Newark, DE, USA 19716-2170 https://www.udel.edu/canr/cooperative-extension/environmental-stewardship/soil-testing/

Thomas, G.W. 1982. Exchangeable cations. In Page, A.L., R.H. Miller and D.R Keeney (eds.) Methods of soil analysis Part 2 - Chemical and microbiological properties. (2nd Ed.). Agronomy 9: 159-165. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronmonogr9.2.2ed

United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. 1995. Soil survey laboratory information manual. Version No. 1.0. Soil Survey Investigations Report No. 42.

United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2004. Soil survey laboratory methods manual. Version No. 4.0. Soil Survey Investigations Report No. 45.

Zimmerman, C.F.; Keefe, C. W.; Bashe, J. Determination of Carbon and Nitrogen in Sediments and Particulates of Estuarine/Coastal Waters Using Elemental Analysis. USEPA Method 440.0. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: Washington, DC, 1997; Vol. EPA/600/R-15/009.
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Distribution_Information:
Distributor:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: USDA Forest Service, Research and Development
Contact_Person: Research Data Archivist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 240 West Prospect Road
City: Fort Collins
State_or_Province: CO
Postal_Code: 80526
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: see Contact Instructions
Contact Instructions: This contact information was current as of March 2021. For current information see Contact Us page on: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS.
Resource_Description: RDS-2020-0075
Distribution_Liability:
Metadata documents have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness. Unless otherwise stated, all data and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which these data were collected. However, neither the author, the Archive, nor any part of the federal government can assure the reliability or suitability of these data for a particular purpose. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed for a user's application of these data or related materials.

The metadata, data, or related materials may be updated without notification. If a user believes errors are present in the metadata, data or related materials, please use the information in (1) Identification Information: Point of Contact, (2) Metadata Reference: Metadata Contact, or (3) Distribution Information: Distributor to notify the author or the Archive of the issues.
Standard_Order_Process:
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: ASCII
Format_Specification:
Comma-delimited ASCII text file (CSV)
File_Decompression_Technique: Files zipped with 7-Zip 19.0
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2020-0075
Fees: None
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Metadata_Reference_Information:
Metadata_Date: 20210330
Metadata_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station
Contact_Person: Rakesh Minocha
Contact_Position: Plant Physiologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 271 Mast Road
City: Durham
State_or_Province: NH
Postal_Code: 03824
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 603-868-7622
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: rakesh.minocha@usda.gov
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station
Contact_Person: Stephanie Long
Contact_Position: Biological Technician
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 271 Mast Road
City: Durham
State_or_Province: NH
Postal_Code: 03824
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 603-868-7623
Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Biological Data Profile of the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001.1-1999
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