Evaluation of physiological responses of balsam fir and red spruce trees growing in two pre-commercial thinned (PCT) and four never-pre-commercial thinned (N-PCT) sites in Maine, USA

Metadata:
Identification_Information:
Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Minocha, Rakesh
Originator: Long, Stephanie
Originator: Brissette, John C.
Originator: Wagner, Robert G.
Publication_Date: 2021
Title:
Evaluation of physiological responses of balsam fir and red spruce trees growing in two pre-commercial thinned (PCT) and four never-pre-commercial thinned (N-PCT) sites in Maine, USA
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Fort Collins, CO
Publisher: Forest Service Research Data Archive
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2021-0078
Description:
Abstract:
These data contain biochemical parameters that were measured in foliage and sapwood of red spruce (Picea rubens) and balsam fir (Abies balsamea) trees growing at six sites in northern Maine that are part of Maine's Commercial Thinning Research Network (CTRN). Two different types of experiments were conducted by CTRN using a total of 12 sites. In one experiment, two removal intensities (33% and 50%) were applied to six sites at three different timings of entry for thinning (thin immediately, delay thinning by 5 year, or 10 years) that had been previously commercially thinned (PCT). In the second experiment various commercial thinning (CT) methods (low, crown, dominant) were applied at two removal intensities (33% and 50%) to six sites that had not been pre-commercially thinned (N-PCT). Pre-commercial thinning took place in 1983-1985. Commercial thinning treatments began in 2000. We collected samples from the two pre-commercial thinned (PCT) and four N-PCT CTRN sites. Depending upon the site, annual collections of foliage and sapwood were made 1 to 7 years after applying CT treatment. Fifteen randomly chosen red spruce and balsam fir trees were sampled from designated plots (61 meters x 61 meters). Foliar and sapwood data include free polyamines, free amino acids, and soluble ions analyzed by HPLC and ICP-OES. Chlorophyll and soluble protein data analyzed by UV/VIS spectrophotometry are also included for foliar samples. In total, there are 1500 foliar and 573 sapwood samples included in this dataset.
Purpose:
The objectives of the two studies were to: (1) quantify effects of CT timing of entry and thinning intensity in previously PCT stands on stand structure, residual stand growth, merchantable products (sawlog and pulpwood), and financial value and (2) quantify the effects of CT method (low, crown, and dominant) and intensity in older spruce-fir stands that had never received PCT on stand structure, residual stand growth, merchantable products (sawlog and pulpwood), and financial value.

The overall goal was to use select metabolites as markers of tree health and productivity as influenced by timing of the first commercial thinning entry and the residual density on subsequent stand response.
Supplemental_Information:
These sites are part of those included in Maine's Commercial Thinning Research Network and are part of a collaborative project with the Cooperative Forestry Research Unit, University of Maine, Orono.

More site & study information can be found at:
https://umaine.edu/cfru/wp-content/uploads/sites/224/2015/05/Prospectus-2006-2010.pdf and in the following publications: Ward et al. (2004), Hiesl et al. (2017), and Olson et al. (2014).
Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 2003
Ending_Date: 2008
Currentness_Reference:
Ground condition
Status:
Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned
Spatial_Domain:
Description_of_Geographic_Extent:
All locations lie within the Acadian forest, a conifer-dominated mixed-wood ecosystem that covers much of Maine. These forests typically consist of naturally regenerated balsam fir (Abies balsamea [L.] Mill.) and red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.). Other coniferous species may include white spruce (Picea glauca), eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.), black spruce (Picea mariana), eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carrière) and northern white-cedar (Thuja occidentalis L.). Hardwood species may include red maple (Acer rubrum L.), yellow birch (Betula alleghanensis Britt.), paper birch (Betula papyrifera Marshall), and quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.).

Most of the area where the sites are located is characterized as till-mantled, rolling to hilly uplands. The northern and eastern parts of the state are underlain mostly by granite, gneiss, and schist bedrock. The dominant soil orders are Inceptisols and Spodosols with parent material of glacial till and alluvium.

The state of Maine has a humid continental climate with moderately warm, humid summers and cold winters. The average temperatures for the state are a low of -11 °Celsius (C) in January & a high of 21 °C in July. The average annual precipitation in Maine is approximately (~) 100 centimeters (cm), evenly distributed throughout the year. All six sites fell within hardiness zones 4 and 5 with an average growing season of ~128 days.

Bounding coordinates (decimal degrees) and elevation range (feet) for each site are provided below.

Golden Road, Grindstone Township, Penobscot County, ME (site identifier, 45.722500, -68.675278)
west: -68.676569
east: -68.674080
north: 45.728413
south: 45.721862
altitude: 480-510 feet

Harlow Road, Danforth, Washington County, ME (site identifier, 45.645490, -67.841136)
west: -67.863156
east: -67.808616
north: 45.656872
south: 45.615963
altitude: 400-525 feet

Macwahoc, Sherman, Aroostook County, ME (site identifier, 45.800111, -68.286446)
west: -68.323175
east: -68.273621
north: 45.840200
south: 45.783714
altitude: 300-600 feet

PEF C23A: Penobscot Experimental Forest, Compartment 23A, Bradley, Penobscot County, ME (site identifier, 44.855316, -68.632061)
west: -68.643453
east: -68.628336
north: 44.861927
south: 44.850651
altitude: 100-160 feet

Rump Road, Parmachenee Township, Oxford County, ME (site identifier, 45.193739, -71.019725)
west: -71.035429
east: -70.997747
north: 45.213629
south: 45.192186
altitude: 200-2200 feet

Sarahs Road, Magalloway Plantation, Oxford County, ME (site identifier, 44.819742, -70.911375)
west: -70.940927
east: -70.897678
north: 44.832714
south: 44.805982
altitude: 1600-1800 feet
Bounding_Coordinates:
West_Bounding_Coordinate: -71.03543
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -67.80862
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 45.84020
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 44.80598
Bounding_Altitudes:
Altitude_Minimum: 100.000
Altitude_Maximum: 2200
Altitude_Distance_Units: feet
Keywords:
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: biota
Theme_Keyword: environment
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: National Research & Development Taxonomy
Theme_Keyword: Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment
Theme_Keyword: Ecology
Theme_Keyword: Landscape ecology
Theme_Keyword: Plant ecology
Theme_Keyword: Forest & Plant Health
Theme_Keyword: Botany
Theme_Keyword: Natural Resource Management & Use
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Theme_Keyword: amino acids
Theme_Keyword: balsam fir
Theme_Keyword: chlorophyll
Theme_Keyword: crown type thinning
Theme_Keyword: dominant type thinning
Theme_Keyword: exchangeable ions
Theme_Keyword: foliar physiology
Theme_Keyword: low type thinning
Theme_Keyword: metabolism
Theme_Keyword: nutrients
Theme_Keyword: polyamines
Theme_Keyword: precommercial thinning
Theme_Keyword: red spruce
Theme_Keyword: soluble protein
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Place_Keyword: Maine
Place_Keyword: Aroostook County
Place_Keyword: Oxford County
Place_Keyword: Penobscot County
Place_Keyword: Washington County
Place_Keyword: Penobscot Experimental Forest
Place_Keyword: Magalloway Plantation
Taxonomy:
Keywords/Taxon:
Taxonomic_Keyword_Thesaurus:
None
Taxonomic_Keywords: multiple species
Taxonomic_Keywords: plants
Taxonomic_System:
Classification_System/Authority:
Classification_System_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: ITIS
Publication_Date: 2021
Title:
Integrated Taxonomic Information System
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: database
Other_Citation_Details:
Retrieved [August, 13, 2021]
Online_Linkage: https://www.itis.gov
Classification_System_Modifications:
Direct children:
Variety Abies balsamea var. balsamea (L.) Mill. - balsam fir
Variety Abies balsamea var. phanerolepis Fernald
Taxonomic_Procedures:
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Kingdom
Taxon_Rank_Value: Plantae
Applicable_Common_Name: plantes
Applicable_Common_Name: Planta
Applicable_Common_Name: Vegetal
Applicable_Common_Name: plants
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Subkingdom
Taxon_Rank_Value: Viridiplantae
Applicable_Common_Name: green plants
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Infrakingdom
Taxon_Rank_Value: Streptophyta
Applicable_Common_Name: land plants
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Superdivision
Taxon_Rank_Value: Embryophyta
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Division
Taxon_Rank_Value: Tracheophyta
Applicable_Common_Name: vascular plants
Applicable_Common_Name: tracheophytes
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Subdivision
Taxon_Rank_Value: Spermatophytina
Applicable_Common_Name: spermatophytes
Applicable_Common_Name: seed plants
Applicable_Common_Name: phanérogames
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Class
Taxon_Rank_Value: Pinopsida
Applicable_Common_Name: conifers
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Subclass
Taxon_Rank_Value: Pinidae
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
Taxon_Rank_Value: Pinales
Applicable_Common_Name: pines
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
Taxon_Rank_Value: Pinaceae
Applicable_Common_Name: pines
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Abies
Applicable_Common_Name: fir
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Abies balsamea
Applicable_Common_Name: balsam fir
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Picea
Applicable_Common_Name: spruce
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Picea rubens
Applicable_Common_Name: red spruce
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:
These data were collected using funding from the U.S. Government and can be used without additional permissions or fees. Before using these data in a publication, presentation, or other research product please contact Rakesh Minocha or Stephanie Long. If you use these data in a publication, presentation, or other research product please use the following citation:

Minocha, Rakesh; Long, Stephanie; Brissette, John C.; Wagner, Robert G. 2021. Evaluation of physiological responses of balsam fir and red spruce trees growing in two pre-commercial thinned (PCT) and four never-pre-commercial thinned (N-PCT) sites in Maine, USA. Fort Collins, CO: Forest Service Research Data Archive. https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2021-0078
Point_of_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station
Contact_Person: Rakesh Minocha, Ph.D.
Contact_Position: Research Plant Physiologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 271 Mast Road
City: Durham
State_or_Province: NH
Postal_Code: 03824
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 603-868-7622
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: rakesh.minocha@usda.gov
Data_Set_Credit:
Funding support for this project was provided by the Northeastern States Research Cooperative (NSRC, http://www.nsrcforest.org), a partnership of Northern Forest states (New Hampshire, Vermont, Maine, and New York), in coordination with the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.

Author Information:

Rakesh Minocha, Ph.D.
USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4055-5137

Stephanie Long
USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6515-2126

John C. Brissette
USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station (retired)

Robert G. Wagner
University of Maine
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Ward, Jeffrey S. (ed.)
Originator: Twery, Mark J. (ed.)
Publication_Date: 2004
Title:
Forestry across borders: Proceedings of the New England Society of American Foresters 84th winter meeting
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document
Series_Information:
Series_Name: General Technical Report
Issue_Identification: NE-314
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Newtown Square, PA
Publisher: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station
Other_Citation_Details:
2004 March 23-26; Quebec City, Canada; 44 p.
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.2737/NE-GTR-314
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Hiesl, Patrick
Originator: Crandall, Mindy S.
Originator: Weiskittel, Aaron
Originator: Benjamin, Jeffrey G.
Originator: Wagner, Robert G.
Publication_Date: 2017
Title:
Evaluating the long-term influence of alternative commercial thinning regimes and harvesting systems on projected net present value of precommercially thinned spruce–fir stands in northern Maine
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Canadian Journal of Forest Research
Issue_Identification: 47: 203-214
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2016-0228
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Olson, Matthew G.
Originator: Meyer, Spencer R.
Originator: Wagner, Robert G.
Originator: Seymour, Robert S.
Publication_Date: 2014
Title:
Commercial thinning stimulates natural regeneration in spruce–fir stands
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Canadian Journal of Forest Research
Issue_Identification: 44(3): 173-181
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2013-0227
Analytical_Tool:
Analytical_Tool_Description:
TotalChrom (version 6.2.1) (PerkinElmer Inc., Waltham, MA, USA). Liquid chromatography (HPLC) control and data processing software.

Is exclusive to PerkinElmer Inc., Life and Analytical Sciences, Shelton, CT, USA; 2002.
Tool_Access_Information:
Online_Linkage: https://www.perkinelmer.com/content/relatedmaterials/brochures/bro_totalchromworkstation.pdf \ https://www.perkinelmer.com/CMSResources/Images/46-74577MAN_TotalChromWorkstationVolume1.pdf
Tool_Access_Instructions:
see website for access information
Analytical_Tool:
Analytical_Tool_Description:
ICP Expert-VistaPro Software (version 4.0) Life Sciences and Chemical Analysis Software for Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrophotometer (VISTA CCD, Varian, Palo Alto, CA, USA; in May 2010 Varian Inc. was acquired by Agilent Technologies Inc., Santa Clara, CA, USA). ICP-OES control and data processing software is exclusive to Agilent Technologies Inc., Santa Clara, CA, USA.
Tool_Access_Information:
Online_Linkage: https://www.agilent.com/en/products/software-informatics/atomic-spectroscopy-data-systems/icp-expert-software-for-icp-oes
Tool_Access_Instructions:
see website
Analytical_Tool:
Analytical_Tool_Description:
UV Solutions (version 2.0) (Hitachi Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) UV-Vis Absorption spectrophotometer control and data processing software.

Is exclusive to Hitachi High-Tech Corp., Life Science Group, Tokyo, Japan.
Tool_Access_Information:
Online_Linkage: https://www.hitachi-hightech.com/file/us/pdf/library/literature/UVSolutions-HTB-E068.pdf
Tool_Access_Instructions:
see website
Back to Top
Data_Quality_Information:
Attribute_Accuracy:
Attribute_Accuracy_Report:
For soluble ion analyses, a standard curve was repeated after every 20 samples, and check standards were run after every recalibration and after every 10 samples. For samples analyzed for metabolites, we ran a large number of biological replicates as well as multiple analytical replicates on a randomly selected subset. Appropriate method detection limits are tested for each analytical method.
Logical_Consistency_Report:
For all analyses, standards were repeated to ensure accuracy and precision; for biological samples, many analytical replicates were run for assurance. Proper statistical analyses were applied to the raw data to check distribution and remove outliers.
Completeness_Report:
The data file contains data not available due to human error, missing samples, data outliers, etc.; -888.88 denotes data not available (na) and -999.99 denotes no analysis for that sample.
Lineage:
Methodology:
Methodology_Type: Field
Methodology_Description:
Maine's Commercial Thinning Research Network (CTRN) was established in 2000 to develop a better understanding about stand responses to the type, intensity and timing of commercial thinning in the state’s forests. Two of the sites included in our study received pre-commercial thinning between 1983 and 1985. Depending upon the site, commercial thinning treatments took place between 2000 and 2002, and “the 5-year delayed” thinning at the 2 PCT sites in 2006. Annual foliar and sapwood collections began in August 2003 and were completed by July 2008.

Field Collection of Foliar Samples:

Two of 6 sites were sampled in July or August of 2003 through 2008 (1 to 7 years after silvicultural thinning). Not all sites were visited each year, nor were all visited more than once. Ten to 20 red spruce or balsam fir trees were randomly selected for each thinning/treatment. The type of silvicultural thinning/treatment and tree species was dependent upon site. Single branches were collected from mid to upper canopy using a shot gun. Visually healthy needles of current-year growth were chosen from each tree. Needles were finely chopped using scissors and were mixed to create an homogeneous pool of ~500 milligrams (mg). For biochemical analyses, 2 sub-samples were taken; (~200 mg fresh weight [FW]) was placed in a labeled and pre-weighed 2 milliliter (ml) microfuge tube and one ml of 5 percent (%) Perchloric acid (PCA) was added, the remainder of the sample was placed in a separate labeled and pre-weighed 2 ml microfuge tube. The same process was repeated for one-year growth from the same branch. Corresponding sample information of microfuge tube numbers and tree information was logged into a field notebook. All samples were placed on ice immediately after processing. Samples were transported on ice and stored at -20 °C until further analysis.


Field Collection of Sapwood Samples:

At least once from each site between 2005 and 2008, sapwood samples were also collected. Wood plugs were taken at breast height (avoiding areas with obvious injury to the stem) from 10 to 15 randomly chosen trees of each silvicultural treatment. In total, that resulted in 225 samples of balsam fir and 348 of red spruce. A battery powered drill fitted with a titanium nitride coated ¼ inch brad point drill bit was first used to remove the outer bark and cambial layer. A dead blow hammer was then used to drive a Haglöf increment hammer into the exposed sapwood. Three ~1 cm plugs were each extracted from a different face of the tree. A plunger was used to extract the wood plug from the increment hammer into labeled Ziploc™ bags. Within the bag, the plugs were clipped into ~0.25 cm segments that were placed in a labeled and pre-weighed 2 ml microfuge tube and 1 ml of 5% PCA was added. Other details are the same as for foliage.
Methodology:
Methodology_Type: Lab
Methodology_Description:
Methodology for Laboratory Processing of Samples:

All foliar and sapwood samples in 5% PCA were weighed using a digital scale, thawed (at room temperature [RT°] for 1 hour) and re-frozen 3 times (at -20 °C for 4 or more hours) according to Minocha et al. (1994). Weights were recorded in a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and sample fresh weights were calculated (in grams [g], by subtracting the initial weight of the empty tube and 1 to accommodate the weight of 1 ml 5% PCA from the final weight of the tube + sample + 1 ml 5% PCA). Thawed PCA extracts were centrifuged at 13,000 x g for 8 minutes. The resulting supernatants were analyzed for PCA-soluble (free) polyamines (PA) and amino acids (AA), and inorganic elements. The other foliar sub-samples were stored at -20 °C and were later thawed and weighed immediately before being analyzed for chlorophyll and soluble protein. All samples were processed and analyzed individually.
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Minocha, Rakesh
Originator: Shortle, Walter C.
Originator: Long, Stephanie
Originator: Minocha, Subhash C.
Publication_Date: 1994
Title:
A rapid and reliable procedure for extraction of cellular polyamines and inorganic ions from plant tissues
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Journal of Plant Growth Regulation
Issue_Identification: 13:187-193
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00226036
Methodology:
Methodology_Type: Lab
Methodology_Description:
Processing and Quantification of Free Polyamines and Amino acids in Foliage and Sapwood by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC):

Perchloric acid soluble polyamines and amino acids were dansylated simultaneously according to Minocha and Long (2004), with a minor modification that the reaction was terminated using L-Asparagine (Asn) (50 microliters (µl) of 20 mg per ml water) rather than alanine, as described in the original method. The derivatives were analyzed on a Series 200 PerkinElmer (Waltham, MA) HPLC system fitted with a Phenomenex (Torrance, CA) Synergi Hydro-RP™, 4 µm, 100 x 4.6 mm I.D. analytical column, a Phenomenex C18 SecurityGuard™, 5 µm, 4 x 3 mm I.D. cartridge guard column, and a PerkinElmer C18, 10 µm, 33 x 4.6 mm I.D. scavenger column. Excitation and emission wavelengths were set at 340 and 515 nanometers (nm) respectively. HPLC analysis follows guidance within EPA SW-846 compendium, method 8000D. Raw data were collected and integrated using TotalChrom HPLC software (PerkinElmer, v 6.2.1) as nmoles (nmol) per ml methanol and were converted to nmol per g FW.
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Minocha, Rakesh
Originator: Long, Stephanie
Publication_Date: 2004
Title:
Simultaneous separation and quantitation of amino acids and polyamines of forest tree tissues and cell cultures within a single HPLC run using dansyl derivatization
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Journal of Chromatography A
Issue_Identification: 1035(1):63-73
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2004.02.026
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: U.S. EPA
Publication_Date: 2018
Title:
SW-846 Test Method 8000D: Determinative Chromatographic Separations
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document
Series_Information:
Series_Name: SW-846 Compendium
Issue_Identification: Revision 5
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Washington, DC
Publisher: United States Environmental Protection Agency
Online_Linkage: https://www.epa.gov/hw-sw846/sw-846-compendium
Methodology:
Methodology_Type: Lab
Methodology_Description:
Processing and Quantification of PCA-Soluble Elements in Foliage and Sapwood by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrophotometer (ICP-OES):

All 5% PCA supernatants that were frozen and thawed 3 times were diluted with distilled deionized water before soluble ion analysis; foliar samples 100 X and sapwood samples 50 X. PCA-soluble inorganic ions and Phosphorous (P) were quantified using a simultaneous axial ICP-OES (Vista CCD, Varian Inc., Palo Alto, CA) and Vista Pro software (v. 4.0). ICP analysis was done in accordance with EPA SW-846 compendium, method 6010. Raw data was expressed as parts per million (ppm) and was converted to micromoles (µmol) per gram (g) fresh weight.
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Minocha, Rakesh
Originator: Long, Stephanie
Originator: Thangavel, Palaniswamy
Originator: Minocha, Subhash C.
Originator: Eagar, Christopher
Originator: Driscoll, Charles T.
Publication_Date: 2010
Title:
Elevation dependent sensitivity of northern hardwoods to Ca addition at Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, NH, USA
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Forest Ecology and Management
Issue_Identification: 260(12): 2115-2124
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2010.09.002
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Minocha, Rakesh
Originator: Chamberlain, Bradley
Originator: Long, Stephanie
Originator: Turlapati, Swathi A.
Originator: Quigley, Gloria
Publication_Date: 2015
Title:
Extraction and estimation of the quantity of calcium oxalate crystals in the foliage of conifer and hardwood trees
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Tree Physiology
Issue_Identification: 35(5): 574-580
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpv031
Methodology:
Methodology_Type: Lab
Methodology_Description:
Processing and Quantification of Chlorophyll in Foliage by Absorption Spectrometry:

Previously frozen tissue was thawed, and 1 ml of 95% ethanol was added to ~10 mg of thawed foliage (exact sample weights recorded for later calculations). Samples were incubated in the dark in a 65 °C water bath for 16 hours, centrifuged at 13,000 x g for 5 minutes, and the supernatants scanned for absorbance ranging from 350 to 710 nm using a spectrophotometer (Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan) with UV Solutions software (v. 2.0). Absorbances were recorded at wavelengths of 664 and 649 and then converted to µgram (µg) per gram (g) fresh weight according to Lichtenthaler (1987) and Minocha et al. (2009).
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Lichtenthaler, Hartmut K.
Publication_Date: 1987
Title:
Chlorophylls and carotenoids: Pigments of photosynthetic biomembranes
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Methods in Enzymology
Issue_Identification: 148: 350-382
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1016/0076-6879(87)48036-1
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Minocha, Rakesh
Originator: Martinez, Gabriela
Originator: Lyons, Benjamin
Originator: Long, Stephanie
Publication_Date: 2009
Title:
Development of a standardized methodology for the quantification of total chlorophyll and carotenoids from foliage of hardwood and conifer tree species
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Canadian Journal of Forest Research
Issue_Identification: 9(4): 849-861
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1139/x09-015
Methodology:
Methodology_Type: Lab
Methodology_Description:
Processing and Quantification of Soluble Protein in Foliage by Absorption Spectrometry:

Previously frozen foliage was thawed, and 0.25 ml of extraction buffer (100 mM Tris-HCl, 20 mM MgCl2, 10 mM NaHCO3, 1 mM EDTA, and 10% (v/v) glycerol, pH 8.0; as found in Jones et al. (1989)) was added to ~ 50 mg fresh-frozen leaf pieces (exact sample weights recorded for later calculations). Samples were then frozen and thawed 3 times, centrifuged at 13,000 x g for 4 minutes and the resulting supernatant was used for protein analysis using Bio-Rad protein dye (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA) according to the Bradford (1976) assay. Raw data of absorbance recorded at wavelength 595 using a spectrophotometer (Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan) with UV Solutions software (v. 2.0) and were converted to mg per g FW.
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Bradford, Marion M.
Publication_Date: 1976
Title:
A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein–dye binding
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Analytical Biochemistry
Issue_Identification: 72(1-2): 248-254
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(76)90527-3
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Jones, Clive G.
Originator: Hare, J. D.
Originator: Compton, Steve J.
Publication_Date: 1989
Title:
Measuring plant protein with the Bradford assay
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Journal of Chemical Ecology
Issue_Identification: 15: 979-992
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01015193
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
see methodology section
Process_Date: Unknown
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Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
Overview_Description:
Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
Below you will find a list and description of the files included in this data publication.

Acronyms used:
% = percent
µg g-1 FW = micrograms per gram fresh weight
µmol g-1 FW = micromoles per gram fresh weight
cm = centimeter
in = inches
mg g-1 FW = milligrams per gram fresh weight
nmol g-1 FW = nanomoles per gram fresh weight
ratio = level of one parameter relative to another
yrs = years


DATA FILES (2)

1. \Data\Data_Fol_Minocha_Agenda2020.csv: Comma-delimited ASCII text file containing data on biochemical parameters as measured in foliage from red spruce (Picea rubens) and balsam fir (Abies balsamea) trees growing in two Pre-Commercially Thinned (PCT) and four non-Pre-Commercially Thinned silvicultural treatment sites in Maine collected from 2005 to 2008.

2. \Data\Data_Wood_Minocha_Agenda2020.csv: Comma-delimited ASCII text file containing data on biochemical parameters as measured in sapwood from red spruce (Picea rubens) and balsam fir (Abies balsamea) trees growing in two Pre-Commercially Thinned (PCT) and four non-Pre-Commercially Thinned silvicultural treatment sites in Maine collected from 2005 to 2008.


VARIABLE DESCRIPTION FILE (1)

1. \Supplements\Variables_Minocha_Agenda2020.csv: Comma-delimited ASCII text file containing a list and description of the variables provided in the data files Data_Fol_Minocha_Agenda2020.csv and Data_Wood_Minocha_Agenda2020.csv.

This file contains a few header rows with information about the related data file and also contain the following information:
Header = name of variable
Description = description of variable
Acronym for Units = acronym for units
Units = full description of units
IMPORTANT Notes = important notes regarding measurements
References = references for analytical methods
Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:
Bradford, Marion M.; 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein–dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry 72(1-2): 248-254. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(76)90527-3

Hiesl, Patrick; Crandall, Mindy S.; Weiskittel, Aaron; Benjamin, Jeffrey G.; Wagner, Robert G. 2017. Evaluating the long-term influence of alternative commercial thinning regimes and harvesting systems on projected net present value of precommercially thinned spruce–fir stands in northern Maine. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 47(2):203-214. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2016-0228

Jones, Clive G.; Hare, J. Daniel; Compton, Steve J. 1989. Measuring plant protein with the Bradford assay. Journal of Chemical Ecology 15: 979–992. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01015193

Lichtenthaler, Hartmut K. 1987. Chlorophylls and carotenoids: Pigments of photosynthetic biomembranes. Methods in Enzymology 148: 350-382. https://doi.org/10.1016/0076-6879(87)48036-1

Minocha, Rakesh; Long, Stephanie. 2004. Simultaneous separation and quantitation of amino acids and polyamines of forest tree tissues and cell cultures within a single HPLC run using dansyl derivatization. Journal of Chromatography A 1035(1):63-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2004.02.026

Minocha, Rakesh; Long, Stephanie; Thangavel, Palaniswamy; Minocha, Subhash C.; Eagar, Christopher; Driscoll, Charles T. 2010. Elevation dependent sensitivity of northern hardwoods to Ca addition at Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, NH, USA. Forest Ecology and Management 260(12):2115-2124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2010.09.002

Minocha, Rakesh; Chamberlain, Bradley; Long, Stephanie; Turlapati, Swathi A.; Quigley, Gloria. 2015. Extraction and estimation of the quantity of calcium oxalate crystals in the foliage of conifer and hardwood trees. Tree Physiology 35(5): 574-580. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpv031

Minocha, Rakesh; Martinez, Gabriela; Lyons, Benjamin; Long, Stephanie. 2009. Development of a standardized methodology for the quantification of total chlorophyll and carotenoids from foliage of hardwood and conifer tree species. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 39(4): 849-861. https://doi.org/10.1139/x09-015

Olson, Matthew G.; Meyer, Spencer R.; Wagner, Robert G.; Seymour, Robert S. 2014. Commercial thinning stimulates natural regeneration in spruce–fir stands. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 44(3):173-181. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2013-0227

Smith, D.M.; Larson, B.C.; Kelty, M.J.; Ashton, P.M.S. 1997. The practice of silviculture: applied forest ecology. 9th ed. New York: John Wiley and Sons. 537 p.

USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, North Central Region Web-Based Forest Management Guides, Glossary https://www.nrs.fs.fed.us/fmg/nfmg/index.html

Ward, Jeffrey S.; Twery, Mark J., eds. Forestry across borders: proceedings of the New England Society of American Foresters 84th winter meeting; 2004 March 23-26; Quebec City, Canada. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-314. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station: 43. https://doi.org/10.2737/NE-GTR-314
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Distribution_Information:
Distributor:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: USDA Forest Service, Research and Development
Contact_Position: Research Data Archivist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 240 West Prospect Road
City: Fort Collins
State_or_Province: CO
Postal_Code: 80526
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: see Contact Instructions
Contact Instructions: This contact information was current as of August 2021. For current information see Contact Us page on: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS.
Resource_Description: RDS-2021-0078
Distribution_Liability:
Metadata documents have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness. Unless otherwise stated, all data and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. However, neither the author, the Archive, nor any part of the federal government can assure the reliability or suitability of these data for a particular purpose. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed for a user's application of these data or related materials.

The metadata, data, or related materials may be updated without notification. If a user believes errors are present in the metadata, data or related materials, please use the information in (1) Identification Information: Point of Contact, (2) Metadata Reference: Metadata Contact, or (3) Distribution Information: Distributor to notify the author or the Archive of the issues.
Standard_Order_Process:
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: ASCII
Format_Version_Number: see Format Specification
Format_Specification:
Comma-delimited ASCII text file (CSV)
File_Decompression_Technique: Files zipped with 7-Zip 19.0
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2021-0078
Fees: None
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Metadata_Reference_Information:
Metadata_Date: 20210827
Metadata_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station
Contact_Person: Rakesh Minocha, Ph.D.
Contact_Position: Research Plant Physiologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 271 Mast Road
City: Durham
State_or_Province: NH
Postal_Code: 03824
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 603-868-7622
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: rakesh.minocha@usda.gov
Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Biological Data Profile of the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001.1-1999
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