Public Water Systems and populations receiving surface drinking water supply from National Forest System lands

Metadata:
Identification_Information:
Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Liu, Ning
Originator: Dobbs, G. Rebecca
Originator: Caldwell, Peter V.
Originator: Miniat, Chelcy Ford
Originator: Sun, Ge
Originator: Duan, Kai
Originator: Nelson, Stacy A. C.
Originator: Bolstad, Paul V.
Originator: Carlson, Christopher P.
Publication_Date: 2022
Title:
Public Water Systems and populations receiving surface drinking water supply from National Forest System lands
Edition: 2nd
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Fort Collins, CO
Publisher: Forest Service Research Data Archive
Other_Citation_Details:
Updated 22 July 2022
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2021-0098-2
Description:
Abstract:
These data are a summary of Public Water Systems (PWS) and populations receiving surface drinking water supply from National Forest System (NFS) lands managed by the USDA Forest Service in the conterminous United States (CONUS). The PWS in these data include only those receiving some portion of their surface water supply from NFS lands, either through the intakes they manage or through water purchases from other PWS that receive some portion of their surface water supply from NFS lands. To generate these data, unique model input databases were created for each of the 172 NFS units in the CONUS and water supply from each NFS unit and other non-NFS lands were simulated and tracked through the river network using the Water Supply and Stress Index (WaSSI) model while including inter-basin transfers (IBTs). Water supply outputs were then linked to the Environmental Protection Agency’s Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS) database of public surface drinking water intakes. When a PWS had more than one intake, the percentage of the total surface drinking water originating on the individual NFS unit for the public water system was calculated from the total available water and the total water from the individual NFS unit across all intakes for the public water system. In addition to results at the NFS unit level, Watershed Boundary Dataset (WBD) Watershed 12-digit Hydrologic Unit Code (HUC12) subwatersheds that contain NFS units and provide surface drinking water supply to PWSs are identified and summarized. Purchasing PWS in the SDWIS were included for those PWS that had an associated selling PWS with surface water intakes that received some portion of their water from NFS lands, and the purchasing PWSs did not have their own surface water intakes and therefore would already be in the database. Also included are results aggregated across all NFS units in each Forest Service Region.
Purpose:
The objectives of this analysis were to (1) estimate how much fresh surface water supply originates from NFS lands, and (2) estimate how many people and which communities receive this fresh surface water supply.
Supplemental_Information:
This data publication (second edition) was published on 03/31/2022 and supersedes that of https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2021-0098 (first edition). Changes to the original version include the following. The first edition included information on PWS intake facilities whose PWS-level primary water source was surface water or groundwater under the influence of surface water but whose facility-level water type was groundwater or groundwater purchased. Those facilities whose facility-level water type was groundwater or groundwater purchased were removed from this second edition. Secondly, this new edition includes three additional tables: All_NFS_Purchased.csv, FS_Region_Purchased.csv, and NFS_Unit_Purchased.csv. These tables provide additional information for those PWSs in the SDWIS that had an associated selling PWS with surface water intakes that received some portion of their water from NFS lands, and the purchasing PWSs did not have their own surface water intakes and therefore would already be in the database.

On 07/22/2022 this second edition was updated to include two additional tables (NFS_Unit_HUC12.csv and NFS_Unit_HUC12_PWS.csv) that provide additional information about PWSs that receive surface drinking water supply from particular HUC12 subwatersheds containing NFS units. Also added were geospatial files containing the HUC12 subwatershed boundaries corresponding to those referenced in the new tables. On 09/20/2022 the metadata for this second edition was updated to include reference to the newly published General Technical Report by Liu et al. (2022).

For more information about these data see Liu et al. (2022).
Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 20010101
Ending_Date: 20151231
Currentness_Reference:
Ground condition
Status:
Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As needed
Spatial_Domain:
Description_of_Geographic_Extent:
Data are based on model outputs across the conterminous United States.
Bounding_Coordinates:
West_Bounding_Coordinate: -125
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -66.8
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 49.4
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 25.8
Bounding_Altitudes:
Altitude_Minimum: -85.9
Altitude_Maximum: 4417.8
Altitude_Distance_Units: meters
Keywords:
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere
Theme_Keyword: environment
Theme_Keyword: inlandWaters
Theme_Keyword: utilitiesCommunication
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: National Research & Development Taxonomy
Theme_Keyword: Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment
Theme_Keyword: Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation
Theme_Keyword: Environment and People
Theme_Keyword: Natural Resource Management & Use
Theme_Keyword: Ecosystem services
Theme_Keyword: Water
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Theme_Keyword: drinking water
Theme_Keyword: inter-basin transfers
Theme_Keyword: National Forest System
Theme_Keyword: WaSSI
Theme_Keyword: water supply
Theme_Keyword: water yield
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Place_Keyword: conterminous United States
Place_Keyword: CONUS
Place_Keyword: National Forests and Grasslands
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:
These data were collected using funding from the U.S. Government and can be used without additional permissions or fees. If you use these data in a publication, presentation, or other research product please use the following citation:

Liu, Ning; Dobbs, G. Rebecca; Caldwell, Peter V.; Miniat, Chelcy Ford; Sun, Ge; Duan, Kai; Nelson, Stacy A. C.; Bolstad, Paul V.; Carlson, Christopher P. 2022. Public Water Systems and populations receiving surface drinking water supply from National Forest System lands. 2nd Edition. Fort Collins, CO: Forest Service Research Data Archive. Updated 22 July 2022. https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2021-0098-2
Point_of_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station
Contact_Person: Peter V. Caldwell
Contact_Position: Research Hydrologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 3160 Coweeta Lab Road
City: Otto
State_or_Province: NC
Postal_Code: 28763
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 828-524-2128
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: peter.v.caldwell@usda.gov
Data_Set_Credit:
This study was supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service, Washington Office, Biological and Physical Resources; the Southern Group of State Foresters (SGSF); and the USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station.


Author Information:

Liu, Ning
ORISE Postdoctoral Fellow
USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station
Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment Center, 3041 E. Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle, NC 27709
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0956-3208

Dobbs, G. Rebecca
ORISE Postdoctoral Fellow
USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station
Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Integrating Human and Natural Systems, 320 Green Street, Athens, GA 30602
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7233-9570

Caldwell, Peter V.
Research Hydrologist
USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station
Center for Integrated Forest Science, 3160 Coweeta Lab Road, Otto, NC 28763
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0537-3546

Miniat, Chelcy Ford
Research Ecologist and Program Manager
USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station
Maintaining Resilient Dryland Ecosystems, 333 Broadway SE, Suite 115, Albuquerque, NM 87102
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3266-9783

Sun, Ge
Research Hydrologist
USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station
Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment Center, 3041 E. Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0159-1370

Duan, Kai
Associate Professor
Sun Yat-Sen University
School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou, China
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0808-7580

Nelson, Stacy A. C.
Professor
North Carolina State University
College of Natural Resources, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, Center for Geospatial Analytics
2820 Faucette Drive, Campus Box 8001, Raleigh, NC 27695
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4681-7270

Bolstad, Paul V.
Professor
University of Minnesota
College of Natural Resources, Department of Forest Resources, 301H Green Hall, 1530 Cleveland Avenue North, St. Paul, MN 55108

Carlson, Christopher P.
National Program Leader
USDA Forest Service
Watershed and Aquatic Ecology Research, 1400 Independence Ave., SW, Washington DC 20250
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6648-7056
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Liu, Ning
Originator: Dobbs, G. Rebecca
Originator: Caldwell, Peter V.
Originator: Miniat, Chelcy Ford
Originator: Sun, Ge
Originator: Duan, Kai
Originator: Nelson, Stacy A. C.
Originator: Bolstad, Paul V.
Originator: Carlson, Christopher P.
Publication_Date: 2022
Title:
Quantifying the role of National Forest System and other forested lands in providing surface drinking water supply for the conterminous United States
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document
Series_Information:
Series_Name: General Technical Report
Issue_Identification: WO-GTR-100
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Washington, DC
Publisher: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Washington Office
Other_Citation_Details:
40 p. [plus supplement]
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.2737/WO-GTR-100
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Liu, Ning
Originator: Dobbs, G. Rebecca
Originator: Caldwell, Peter V.
Originator: Miniat, Chelcy Ford
Originator: Sun, Ge
Originator: Duan, Kai
Originator: Nelson, Stacy A. C.
Originator: Bolstad, Paul V.
Originator: Carlson, Christopher P.
Publication_Date: 2022
Title:
Public Water Systems and populations receiving surface drinking water supply from National Forest System lands
Edition: 1st
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Fort Collins, CO
Publisher: Forest Service Research Data Archive
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2021-0098
Back to Top
Data_Quality_Information:
Attribute_Accuracy:
Attribute_Accuracy_Report:
Locations of surface water intakes were inspected for obvious locational errors, those with incorrect locations were removed from the dataset. Locations of Interbasin Transfers were visually inspected for accuracy and transfer volumes were inspected for completeness and reasonable values considering available flow for that location. Both surface water intakes and locations of Interbasin Transfers were indexed to the WBD HUC12 subwatershed boundaries. Modeled streamflow at the HUC12 scale were compared to observations where available in prior publications. Streamflow contribution from NFS lands was visually inspected for reasonableness but could not be evaluated with observed data.

When reviewing these materials, consider carefully the assumptions and caveats detailed in the methods section of the associated General Technical Report (Liu et al. 2022). The intent of the analysis was to quantify the role that NFS and other forest lands play in providing surface water supply to PWS surface drinking water intake facilities in the CONUS. This was a large scale for analysis, and, as such, it was not practical to review and correct locations, communities, and population-served data for individual intakes. For purchasing PWSs, the volume of water purchased from various selling PWSs is not known and therefore the proportion of the total water available to the selling PWSs that originated on NFS land may not reflect that which is available to the purchasing PWSs. As a result, the proportion of surface water supply from NFS lands available to the selling PWSs may be viewed as an indicator of the surface water supply obtained from NFS land by the purchasing PWSs rather than an estimate of the actual proportion. Individual HUC12 subwatersheds that contain NFS units and contribute surface water supply to PWSs are identified, however the proportion of surface drinking water supply from NFS lands originating in individual HUC12 subwatersheds and available to PWSs could not be estimated within this modeling framework. Instead, the proportions of surface drinking water supply available to PWSs in the NFS_Unit_HUC12.csv and NFS_Unit_HUC12_PWS.csv tables reflect the proportion from all HUC12 subwatersheds containing each NFS unit. The population and communities served by water from NFS and other forest lands in this analysis should be considered estimates; users are encouraged to verify results with locally collected information where available.
Logical_Consistency_Report:
not applicable
Completeness_Report:
The PWS in these data include only those receiving some portion of their water supply from NFS lands. Additionally, only those PWS intake facilities meeting the following criteria were included in the analysis: 1) facilities associated with a PWS serving a population of at least 25 people, 2) facilities associated with a PWS whose primary source was denoted as “surface water” or “ground water under the influence of surface water”, and 3) facilities whose facility-level water type was denoted as “surface water” or “ground water under the influence of surface water”. Criteria for inclusion of a purchasing PWS were 1) a seller PWS was identified in the SDWIS, 2) the purchasing PWS primary source was denoted as “surface water” or “ground water under the influence of surface water”, 3) the purchasing PWS facility-level water type was denoted as “surface water” or “ground water under the influence of surface water”, and 4) the purchasing PWS did not have their own surface water facilities and thus were not already in the database of PWS receiving surface water supply from NFS lands.
Lineage:
Methodology:
Methodology_Type: Lab
Methodology_Description:
The USFS Water Supply Stress Index (WaSSI) model (Sun et al. 2011, Caldwell et al. 2012) was modified to provide estimates of mean streamflow and the proportion of mean flow originating on NFS lands (172 unique National Forests and National Grasslands) and other forested lands at the 12-Digit Hydrologic Unit Code scale across the conterminous United States (CONUS) while accounting for water transfer through IBTs. In WaSSI, water yield was calculated for each land cover type in a given HUC12 as the sum of surface runoff from pervious and impervious surfaces, interflow, and baseflow after accounting for losses that include changes in water storage in the soil, evaporation, and transpiration from vegetation. Water yield for each HUC12 was then calculated as the sum of the area-weighted averages of water yield of each land cover type present. Water yield for each HUC12 was then routed and accumulated from upstream to downstream HUC12s along the river network to estimate the total water supply at the outlet of each respective HUC12. The NFS land ownership parcels were overlaid on the NFS proclamation boundaries, the HUC12 boundaries, the NLCD, and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) leaf area index model inputs to make a unique land cover category for NFS lands. The contribution of non-NFS forested lands to surface water supply was also quantified. Forest lands in the NLCD including deciduous, evergreen and mixed forest were aggregated to represent other forests not part of NFS lands. Water supply results were produced for three land source categories: 1) NFS lands alone, 2) NFS lands and Other Forested Lands, and 3) Other Lands that are neither NFS lands nor forested land as described by the NLCD (e.g., crop land, developed land, etc.). The WaSSI flow routing algorithm was revised to track water flow from NFS lands, NFS and other forested lands, and other lands through the river network at the monthly time step from 2001 to 2015 over all HUC12 watersheds. The mean annual water supply and the fraction of mean annual water supply originating on NFS and other forested lands were quantified for each HUC12 watershed. In addition to a CONUS-wide assessment, the water supply originating on each individual National Forest and National Grassland in isolation was quantified.

The WaSSI modeling simulations for CONUS were performed at the HUC12 watershed scale using a 2009 version of the Watershed Boundary Dataset (WBD). This version of the WBD did not include HUC12 watershed delineations for areas in Canada and Mexico that drain to CONUS. To account for flow volumes in these areas, additional WaSSI simulations were performed using 2018 version of the WBD that included HUC12 delineations in Canada and Mexico, but only for those HUC12 watersheds along the international border and within Canada or Mexico that drain to CONUS (i.e., in water resource regions 9, 10, 13, and 17). The shapefiles and WaSSI outputs based on the 2009 WBD HUC12 boundaries within CONUS and the 2018 WBD HUC12 boundaries along the international border and within Canada or Mexico were then merged subsequent analyses. In some cases, identical HUC12 numbers were included in both the 2009 and 2018 versions of the WBD but represented different watershed polygons and sometimes were in different locations. For this reason, a new unique HUC12 identifier was created for each HUC12 polygon in the merged shapefile that is the concatenation of the HUC12 number and the source version of the WBD for that HUC12 polygon (either 2009 or 2018). Tables and shapefiles in this RDA at the HUC12 scale include the original HUC12 number and name from either the 2009 or 2018 WBD as well as the unique HUC12 ID identifier.

Predictions of the proportion of surface water originating on NFS and other forested lands were linked to specific downstream communities and populations, using surface drinking water intake information from the United States Environmental Protection Agency Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS) database of public water systems. The public surface drinking water intakes were overlaid on the HUC12 watershed boundaries the WaSSI-estimated proportion of water from NFS and other forested lands at the outlet of the HUC12 watershed in which a given intake was located was assumed to be representative of the intake location. It was assumed that intakes on reservoirs were receiving source water with the same proportion of water from NFS and other forested lands as that of the first HUC12 watershed on the main stem downstream of the water supply reservoir. Those PWSs purchasing surface water supply from a selling PWS that obtained some of their surface water supply from NFS and other forested lands were also identified. Purchasing PWS in the SDWIS were included in this study when the purchasing PWS had an associated selling PWS with surface water intakes that received some portion of their water from NFS lands, and the purchasing PWS did not have their own surface water intakes and therefore would already be in the database. The first water transaction among purchasing and selling PWSs were included but additional transactions when selling PWSs also purchase water from other PWSs were not included.

A new IBT database (Liu et al. 2022) was compiled for CONUS informed by previous inventories and the SDWIS but with updated flow volumes and added spatial resolution where needed. The process of building the IBT database began with researching anthropogenic water movement in a given area to understand the spatial parameters and interconnectivity of transfers. From this it was determined what volumetric data were needed, and the numerous agencies managing the relevant data were approached. In the Upper Colorado River basin (Water Resource Region, WRR, 14), where water transfers are ubiquitous and vary greatly in spatial and volumetric scope, an IBT was recognized when water was made to cross the boundaries of HUC12s. In the remainder of CONUS, transfers were not generally considered IBTs unless they crossed 8-digit hydrologic units (HUC8s) because IBTs outside of Upper Colorado River basin tend to draw from larger water sources; exceptions occur where important systems cannot be understood without resorting to a HUC12 scale for defining IBTs, such as the Atlanta area and parts of WRR18 (California). In all cases, regardless of IBT definition scale, HUC12s were identified as the origins and destinations of IBTs.

The WaSSI model was modified to account for water transfer through IBTs by incorporating the transfer from the source to the destination HUC12 for all IBTs in the flow accumulation calculations. In this way, the available water yield from NFS and other forested lands of all HUCs affected by a given IBT was updated based on the amount of surface water transferred through the IBT in the source and destination HUC12 as well as those downstream.

For complete details see Liu et al. (2022).
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Liu, Ning
Originator: Dobbs, G. Rebecca
Originator: Caldwell, Peter V.
Originator: Miniat, Chelcy Ford
Originator: Sun, Ge
Originator: Duan, Kai
Originator: Nelson, Stacy A. C.
Originator: Bolstad, Paul V.
Originator: Carlson, Christopher P.
Publication_Date: 2022
Title:
Quantifying the role of National Forest System and other forested lands in providing surface drinking water supply for the conterminous United States
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document
Series_Information:
Series_Name: General Technical Report
Issue_Identification: WO-GTR-100
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Washington, DC
Publisher: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Washington Office
Other_Citation_Details:
40 p. [plus supplement]
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.2737/WO-GTR-100
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Sun, Ge
Originator: Caldwell, Peter V.
Originator: Noormets, Asko
Originator: McNulty, Steven G.
Originator: Cohen, Erika
Originator: Moore Myers, Jennifer A.
Originator: Domec, Jean-Christophe
Originator: Treasure, Emrys
Originator: Mu, Qiaozhen
Originator: Xiao, Jingfeng
Originator: John, Ranjeet
Originator: Chen, Jiquan
Publication_Date: 2011
Title:
Upscaling key ecosystem functions across the conterminous United States by a water-centric ecosystem model
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Journal of Geophysical Research
Issue_Identification: 116(G3): 1-16
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1029/2010jg001573
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Caldwell, Peter V.
Originator: Sun, Ge
Originator: McNulty, Steven G.
Originator: Cohen, Erika
Originator: Moore Myers, Jennifer A.
Publication_Date: 2012
Title:
Impacts of impervious cover, water withdrawals, and climate change on river flows in the conterminous US
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences
Issue_Identification: 16(8): 2839–2857
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-2839-2012
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Publication_Date: Unknown
Title:
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Safe Drinking Water Information System
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data
Publication_Information:
Publisher: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Other_Citation_Details:
Accessed 2017
Online_Linkage: https://www.epa.gov/ground-water-and-drinking-water/safe-drinking-water-information-system-sdwis-federal-reporting
Type_of_Source_Media: Online
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 2017
Source_Currentness_Reference:
Publication Date
Source_Citation_Abbreviation:
SDWIS
Source_Contribution:
Surface drinking water intake information was obtained for NFS lands managed by the USDA Forest Service in the conterminous United States.
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Yang, L.
Originator: Jin, S.
Originator: Danielson, P.
Originator: Homer, C.
Originator: Gass, L.
Originator: Bender, S. M.
Originator: Case, A.
Originator: Costello, C.
Originator: Dewitz, J.
Originator: Fry, J.
Originator: Funk, M.
Originator: Granneman, B.
Originator: Liknes, G. C.
Originator: Rigge, M.
Originator: Xian, G.
Publication_Date: 2018
Title:
A new generation of the United States National Land Cover Database: Requirements, research priorities, design, and implementation strategies
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
Issue_Identification: 146: 108-123
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2018.09.006
Type_of_Source_Media: Online
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 2006
Source_Currentness_Reference:
Publication Date
Source_Citation_Abbreviation:
Yang et al. (2018); NLCD
Source_Contribution:
National Land Cover Database (NLCD) 2006 Percent Developed Imperviousness (CONUS) : https://www.mrlc.gov/data/nlcd-2006-percent-developed-imperviousness-conus

National Land Cover Database (NLCD) 2006 (CONUS): https://www.mrlc.gov/data/nlcd-2006-land-cover-conus

Accessed data in 2013
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Brown de Colstoun, E. C.
Originator: Huang, C.
Originator: Wang, P.
Originator: Tilton, J. C.
Originator: Tan, B.
Originator: Phillips, J.
Originator: Niemczura, S.
Originator: Ling, P.-Y.
Originator: Wolfe, R. E.
Publication_Date: 2017
Title:
Global Man-made Impervious Surface (GMIS) Dataset From Landsat
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Palisades, NY
Publisher: NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC)
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.7927/H4P55KKF
Type_of_Source_Media: Online
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 2010
Source_Currentness_Reference:
Publication Date
Source_Citation_Abbreviation:
Brown et al. (2017); GMIS
Source_Contribution:
Global Man-made Impervious Surface (GMIS) Dataset from Landsat, v1 (2010): https://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/data/set/ulandsat-gmis-v1/data-download

Accessed data in 2018
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service
Publication_Date: 2016
Title:
USFS Automated Lands Program Land Status Record System surface ownership parcels (basic ownership)
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data
Publication_Information:
Publisher: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Enterprise Data Warehouse
Online_Linkage: https://data.fs.usda.gov/geodata/edw/edw_resources/meta/S_USA.BasicOwnership.xml
Type_of_Source_Media: Online
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 2013
Source_Currentness_Reference:
Publication Date
Source_Contribution:
USFS Automated Lands Program Land Status Record System surface ownership parcels (basic ownership)

Accessed data in 2013
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Zhao, M.
Originator: Heinsch, F. A.
Originator: Nemani, R. R.
Originator: Running, S. W.
Publication_Date: 2005
Title:
Improvements of the MODIS terrestrial gross and net primary production global data set
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Remote Sensing Environment
Issue_Identification: 95:164–176
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2004.12.011
Type_of_Source_Media: Online
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 2001
Ending_Date: 2013
Source_Currentness_Reference:
Publication Date
Source_Citation_Abbreviation:
Zhao et al. (2005); MODIS
Source_Contribution:
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) MOD15A2 FPAR/LAI 8-day composite: https://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/

Accessed data in 2013
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Daly, C.
Originator: Neilson, R. P.
Originator: Phillips, D. L.
Publication_Date: 1994
Title:
A statisticaltopographic model for mapping climatological precipitation over mountainous terrain
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Journal of Applied Meteorology
Issue_Identification: 33: 140-158
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1994)033<0140:ASTMFM>2.0.CO;2
Type_of_Source_Media: Online
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 2001
Ending_Date: 2015
Source_Currentness_Reference:
Publication Date
Source_Citation_Abbreviation:
Daly et al. (1994); PRISM
Source_Contribution:
Precipitation and Air Temperature for the Conterminous United States: http://www.prism.oregonstate.edu/

Accessed data in 2018
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Thornton, M. M.
Originator: Shrestha, R.
Originator: Wei, Y.
Originator: Thornton, P. E.
Originator: Kao, S.
Originator: Wilson, B. E.
Publication_Date: 2020
Title:
Daymet: Monthly Climate Summaries on a 1-km Grid for North America
Edition: Version 4
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: database
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Oak Ridge, TN
Publisher: ORNL DAAC
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1855
Type_of_Source_Media: Online
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 2001
Ending_Date: 2015
Source_Currentness_Reference:
Publication Date
Source_Citation_Abbreviation:
Thornton et al. (2020)
Source_Contribution:
Precipitation and air temperature outside of the conterminous United States: https://daac.ornl.gov/cgi-bin/dsviewer.pl?ds_id=1345

Accessed data in 2018
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: U.S. Geological Survey
Publication_Date: Unknown
Title:
National Hydrography Dataset (NHD)
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data
Publication_Information:
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
Online_Linkage: https://www.usgs.gov/core-science-systems/ngp/national-hydrography/national-hydrography-dataset
Type_of_Source_Media: Online
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Multiple_Dates/Times:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 2009
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 2018
Source_Currentness_Reference:
Publication Date
Source_Citation_Abbreviation:
NHD; WBD
Source_Contribution:
National Hydrography Dataset (NHD) Version 1.0 and Watershed Boundary Dataset (WBD)

Accessed data in 2009 and 2018.
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Koren, V.
Originator: Smith, M.
Originator: Duan, Q.
Publication_Date: 2003
Title:
Use of a priori parameter estimates in the derivation of spatially consistent parameter sets of rainfall-runoff models
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: book chapter
Other_Citation_Details:
pp 239-254
Larger_Work_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Duan, Q. (ed.)
Originator: Sorooshian, S. (ed.)
Originator: Gupta, H. (ed.)
Originator: Rosseau, H. (ed.)
Originator: Turcotte, H. (ed.)
Publication_Date: 2003
Title:
Calibration of Watershed Models
Edition: Volume 6
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: book chapter
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Water Science and Application
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Washington, D.C.
Publisher: Advanced Earth and Space Science
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1029/WS006
Type_of_Source_Media: Online
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 2010
Source_Currentness_Reference:
Publication Date
Source_Citation_Abbreviation:
Koren et al. (2003); STATSGO
Source_Contribution:
State Soil Geographic (STATSGO)-based Sacramento Soil Moisture Accounting Model Soil Parameters

Accessed data in 2010
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
See methods section for details.
Process_Date: Unknown
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Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
Overview_Description:
Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
Below you will find a list and description of the files included in this data publication.

VARIABLE DESCRIPTION FILE (1)

1. \Data\_Variable_Descriptions_V2.csv: Comma-separated values (CSV) file containing a list and description of the attributes provided in all data files.

This file contains:
File = name of file
Attribute = name of attribute
Description = description of attribute


DATA FILES (11)
Variables in each of these files are explicitly defined in \Data\_Variable_Descriptions_V2.csv.

1. \Data\All_NFS_Purchased.csv: CSV file containing summary data for Public Water Systems (PWS) and populations that received surface drinking water supply from all National Forest System (NFS) lands managed by the USDA Forest Service in the conterminous United States through purchases from other PWS.

2. \Data\All_NFS_V2.csv: CSV file containing summary data for PWS and populations that received surface drinking water supply from all NFS lands managed by the USDA Forest Service in the conterminous United States.

3. \Data\FS_Region_Lookup.csv: CSV file containing data linking NFS Units to FS Regions.

4. \Data\FS_Region_Purchased.csv: CSV file containing summary data for PWS and populations that received surface drinking water supply from all NFS lands through purchases from other PWS, dis-aggregated by FS Region.

5. \Data\FS_Region_V2.csv: CSV file containing summary data for PWS and populations that received surface drinking water supply from all NFS lands, dis-aggregated by FS Region.

6. \Data\NFS_Unit_HUC12.csv: CSV file containing summary data of surface water supply and receiving Public Water Systems (PWS) that received surface drinking water supply from all National Forest System (NFS) lands, dis-aggregated by NFS Unit and HUC12 subwatershed.

7. \Data\NFS_Unit_HUC12_PWS.csv: CSV file containing summary data for Public Water Systems (PWS) and populations that received surface drinking water supply from all National Forest System (NFS) lands, dis-aggregated by NFS Unit, HUC12 subwatershed, and PWS.

8. \Data\NFS_Unit_Purchased.csv: CSV file containing summary data for PWS and populations that received surface drinking water supply from all NFS lands through purchases from other PWS, dis-aggregated by NFS Unit.

9. \Data\NFS_Unit_V2.csv: CSV file containing summary data for PWS and populations that received surface drinking water supply from all NFS lands, dis-aggregated by NFS Unit.

10. \Data\NFS_HUC12_Boundaries\NFS_water_supply_HUC12.shp: Shapefile (and associated files) containing the boundaries and other attributes of the HUC12 subwatersheds referenced in NFS_Unit_HUC12.csv and NFS_Unit_HUC12_PWS.csv.

11. \Data\NFS_HUC12_Boundaries\NFS_water_supply_HUC12.gpkg: OGC Geopackage (GPKG) containing the boundaries and other attributes of the HUC12 subwatersheds referenced in NFS_Unit_HUC12.csv and NFS_Unit_HUC12_PWS.csv.
Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:
Liu, Ning; Dobbs, G. Rebecca; Caldwell, Peter V.; Miniat, Chelcy Ford; Sun, Ge; Duan, Kai; Nelson, Stacy A.C.; Bolstad, Paul V.; Carlson, Christopher P. 2022. Quantifying the role of National Forest System and other forested lands in providing surface drinking water supply for the conterminous United States. General Technical Report WO-100. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Washington Office. 40 p. [plus supplement]. https://doi.org/10.2737/WO-GTR-100
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Distribution_Information:
Distributor:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: USDA Forest Service, Research and Development
Contact_Position: Research Data Archivist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 240 West Prospect Road
City: Fort Collins
State_or_Province: CO
Postal_Code: 80526
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: see Contact Instructions
Contact Instructions: This contact information was current as of September 2022. For current information see Contact Us page on: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS.
Resource_Description: RDS-2021-0098-2
Distribution_Liability:
Metadata documents have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness. Unless otherwise stated, all data and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. However, neither the author, the Archive, nor any part of the federal government can assure the reliability or suitability of these data for a particular purpose. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed for a user's application of these data or related materials.

The metadata, data, or related materials may be updated without notification. If a user believes errors are present in the metadata, data or related materials, please use the information in (1) Identification Information: Point of Contact, (2) Metadata Reference: Metadata Contact, or (3) Distribution Information: Distributor to notify the author or the Archive of the issues.
Standard_Order_Process:
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: CSV
Format_Version_Number: see Format Specification
Format_Specification:
Comma-separated values file
File_Decompression_Technique: Files zipped with 7-Zip 19.0
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2021-0098-2
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: SHP
Format_Version_Number: see Format Specification
Format_Specification:
Shapefile
File_Decompression_Technique: Files zipped with 7-Zip 19.0
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2021-0098-2
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: GPKG
Format_Version_Number: see Format Specification
Format_Specification:
OGC Geopackage
File_Decompression_Technique: Files zipped with 7-Zip 19.0
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2021-0098-2
Fees: None
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Metadata_Reference_Information:
Metadata_Date: 20220920
Metadata_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station
Contact_Person: Peter V. Caldwell
Contact_Position: Research Hydrologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 3160 Coweeta Lab Road
City: Otto
State_or_Province: NC
Postal_Code: 28763
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 828-524-2128
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: peter.v.caldwell@usda.gov
Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Biological Data Profile of the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001.1-1999
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