University of Pennsylvania campus tree inventories, 2003 and 2014

Metadata:
Identification_Information:
Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Roman, Lara A.
Originator: Fristensky, Jason P.
Originator: Lundgren, Robert E.
Originator: Cerwinka, Chloe E.
Originator: Lubar, Jason E.
Publication_Date: 2022
Title:
University of Pennsylvania campus tree inventories, 2003 and 2014
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Fort Collins, CO
Publisher: Forest Service Research Data Archive
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2022-0038
Description:
Abstract:
These data represent urban tree inventories from the campus of the University of Pennsylvania (Penn), located in the University City neighborhood of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Specifically, these data contain two linked inventories from 2003 and 2014. Data include tree removals (and the causes of those removals) between the two inventories, as well as new trees planted by 2014, genus and species, and diameter at breast height measured in 2003.
Purpose:
Tree mortality studies are critical to understanding how urban forests change over time, but scholarship rarely addresses the human-directed nature of tree removals in cities. We examined tree removals and change over time on a highly urbanized college campus. Tree professionals from the University of Pennsylvania Facilities and Real Estate Office (FRES) and the Morris Arboretum of the University of Pennsylvania (Morris) collect tree data on campus to proactively manage this natural resource. In partnership with Forest Service researchers, two inventories (2003 and 2014) that were originally collected to aid in campus tree management were linked on a tree-by-tree basis to assess change over time. The process of linking the two inventories is described below. The research objectives for this project were: (1) determine causes of tree removal, (2) assess how well tree size and site type predict mortality, and (3) assess changes in the urban forest system, in terms of removals and planting, as well as taxonomic composition. This research contributes to scholarship on the temporal dynamics of urban forest systems, especially the central component of human decision-making in tree removals.
Supplemental_Information:
For more information about these data see Roman et al. (2022).

These data were published on 04/04/2022. On 04/14/2023 the metadata was updated to include reference to a newly published article.
Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Multiple_Dates/Times:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 2003
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 2014
Currentness_Reference:
Ground condition
Status:
Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As needed
Spatial_Domain:
Description_of_Geographic_Extent:
Tree inventories were obtained on the campus of the University of Pennsylvania, located in the University City neighborhood of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Bounding_Coordinates:
West_Bounding_Coordinate: -75.203108
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -75.187514
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 39.953787
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 39.951838
Keywords:
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: biota
Theme_Keyword: environment
Theme_Keyword: society
Theme_Keyword: structure
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: National Research & Development Taxonomy
Theme_Keyword: Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment
Theme_Keyword: Plant ecology
Theme_Keyword: Urban natural resources management
Theme_Keyword: Environment and People
Theme_Keyword: Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis
Theme_Keyword: Resource inventory
Theme_Keyword: Natural Resource Management & Use
Theme_Keyword: Forest management
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Theme_Keyword: urban densification
Theme_Keyword: redevelopment
Theme_Keyword: building renovation
Theme_Keyword: urban forest
Theme_Keyword: tree monitoring
Theme_Keyword: urban greening
Theme_Keyword: urban greenspace
Theme_Keyword: urban tree mortality
Theme_Keyword: tree demography
Theme_Keyword: sustainable campus
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Place_Keyword: Pennsylvania
Place_Keyword: Philadelphia
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:
These data were collected using funding from the U.S. Government and can be used without additional permissions or fees. If you use these data in a publication, presentation, or other research product please use the following citation:

Roman, Lara A.; Fristensky, Jason P.; Lundgren, Robert E.; Cerwinka, Chloe E.; Lubar, Jason E. 2022. University of Pennsylvania campus tree inventories, 2003 and 2014. Fort Collins, CO: Forest Service Research Data Archive. https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2022-0038
Point_of_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Lara A. Roman
Contact_Organization: USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Philadelphia Field Station
Contact_Position: Research Ecologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 100 N. 20th St., Suite 205
City: Philadelphia
State_or_Province: PA
Postal_Code: 19095
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 215-917-8899
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: lara.roman@usda.gov
Browse_Graphic:
Browse_Graphic_File_Name: \Supplements\penn_tree_inventories_study_boundaries.jpg
Browse_Graphic_File_Description:
Drawing of the University of Pennsylvania campus, displaying the core campus area used in this study. Numbers indicate places discussed in the text: (1) Harrison College House, (2) Steinberg-Dietrich Hall, (3) Annenberg Public Policy Center, (4) New College House, also known as Lauder College House, (5) McNeil Center for Early American Studies, (6) Skirkanich Hall, (7) Shoemaker Green, and (8) Edward W. Kane Park. (This .jpg is Figure 1 in the associated manuscript, Roman et al. 2022.)
Browse_Graphic_File_Type: JPG
Data_Set_Credit:
Funding was provided by the University of Pennsylvania FRES and by a cooperative agreement between the USDA Forest Service Northern, Northern Research Station, Philadelphia Field Station and the University of Pennsylvania (14-JV-11242308).


Author Information:

Lara A. Roman
USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station

Jason P. Fristensky
Berger Partnership

Robert E. Lundgren
University of Pennsylvania FRES

Chloe E. Cerwinka
University of Pennsylvania FRES

Jason E. Lubar
Morris Arboretum of the University of Pennsylvania
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Roman, Lara A.
Originator: Fristensky, Jason P.
Originator: Lundgren, Robert E.
Originator: Cerwinka, Chloe E.
Originator: Lubar, Jason E.
Publication_Date: 2022
Title:
Construction and proactive management led to tree removals on an urban college campus
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Forests
Issue_Identification: 13(6): 871
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3390/f13060871
Online_Linkage: https://www.fs.usda.gov/research/treesearch/65327
Analytical_Tool:
Analytical_Tool_Description:
AutoCAD is a computer-aided design (CAD) software that can be used to create precise drawings.
Tool_Access_Information:
Online_Linkage: https://www.autodesk.com/products/autocad/overview
Tool_Access_Instructions:
See website for details.
Analytical_Tool:
Analytical_Tool_Description:
BG-BASE is a database application that contains vegetation records.
Tool_Access_Information:
Online_Linkage: http://www.bg-base.com/
Tool_Access_Instructions:
See website for details.
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Data_Quality_Information:
Attribute_Accuracy:
Attribute_Accuracy_Report:
We assumed that tree species, diameter at breast height (DBH), and mortality status, as recorded by Morris staff, were sufficiently correct for purposes of our analysis. The only corrections made to species identification were misidentification issues that arose through discussions with the University Landscape Architect while examining removal records (<1% of all records). That said, we did examine the inventories for inconsistencies during the linking process, as described above in the Process Steps section.
Logical_Consistency_Report:
See the Process Steps section.
Completeness_Report:
The campus inventories from 2003 and 2014 contained additional trees which were not included in this study (and are not included in this data publication), as they are outside the bounds of the core campus, which is the area in which FRES staff directly manage trees (e.g., trees at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania and areas bordering campus which contain a mix of Penn and private commercial businesses were excluded).

We also excluded the largest wooded space on campus, Kaskey Park (known colloquially as the Botanic Garden or Biopond) because of incomplete tree records there. Furthermore, there were additional partial campus inventories in 2005 and 2012 which we occasionally used in data cleaning (e.g., to identify re-use of a tree number from the old AutoCAD system) but which were not the focus of this study due to the fact that these intervening inventories were incomplete.

In the campus tree inventory data, "n/a" is used to denote “not available”. For instance, with the 2003 DBH values, there are no DBH values for trees that were planted post-2003 (e.g., trees categorized as “A” for “alive” in 2014 but “NYI” for “Not Yet Inventoried” in 2003). Therefore, the fields “2003DBHSizeClasscm” and “2003DBHcm” are both “n/a” for such trees. In contrast, for trees that were present in the 2003 inventory (trees categorized as “A” for “alive” in 2003), DBH values were available for 99.998%.

No DBH measurements are provided for 2014 because they were deemed to incomplete to be useful for this study.
Lineage:
Methodology:
Methodology_Type: Field
Methodolgy_Identifier:
Methodolgy_Keyword_Thesaurus:
None
Methodology_Keyword: urban tree monitoring
Methodology_Keyword: urban tree inventory
Methodology_Keyword: tree demography
Methodology_Keyword: tree mortality
Methodology_Description:
Three data streams were used in this study: (1) campus tree inventories, (2) campus capital project records, and (3) firsthand accounts of the University Landscape Architect (who has managed the campus landscape since 1994 and is a coauthor on this data publication and the associated manuscript). The following methodological details explain how the campus inventories were collected and subsequently linked, as well as how we attributed cause of removal based on the capital project records and with the collaboration of campus tree professionals. The 2003 and 2014 inventories were conducted by Morris Arboretum’s Urban Forestry Consultants. These inventories represent all trees within the study boundaries that were observed in either 2003 or 2014. These distinct, separate inventories were conducted by Morris staff for FRES to aid in urban forest management; the two inventories were then linked up on a tree-by-tree basis as described below.

Genus and species information in these inventories reflects botanical names used in the USDA PLANTS Database (https://plants.usda.gov/).


2003 INVENTORY

In 2003, tree species and circumference at breast height (CBH, to the nearest 2.54 centimeters [cm]) were collected on paper and transcribed to a spreadsheet. CBH was recorded at 4.5 feet (137 cm). We converted CBH to diameter at breast height (DBH), taking the quadratic sum for multi-stemmed trees (Magarik et al. 2020). Tree locations were recorded based on a grid system for the campus that mirrors the city street grid (e.g., grid cell M38 for the area bordered by Walnut St. and Locust Walk, 38th and 39th Streets). See the enclosed file “penn_campus_grid_map.pdf” for an illustration of these grid cells. Within each grid cell, trees were located within quadrants (i.e., the northwest, northeast, southwest, and southeast corners of the cell represented by quadrant numbers 1 through 4, respectively) and assigned a number (e.g., grid cell M38, quadrant 1, tree 20). The 2003 inventory was later paired with a spatially explicit map, based on a supplemental inventory collected in 2005 and entered into AutoCAD, which is a mapping software widely used in landscape design. The grid cell and tree number connected the AutoCAD map to the inventory spreadsheet. Tree planting site type (i.e., a description of the tree’s immediate location, Roman et al. 2020) was categorized as street tree, other hardscape, or lawn, based on the AutoCAD map and the current BG-BASE map (see description below of the 2014 inventory). Street trees are all in sidewalk cut-outs or trenches, while other hardscape trees are in plazas or courtyards.


2014 INVENTORY

For the 2014 inventory, tree data were collected and uploaded into BG-BASE, a software system for vegetation records, which is used in botanic gardens, arboreta, zoos, and herbaria. Data were collected on tablets, through which field crews could confirm location while looking at BG-MAPS, which are CAD-based maps. All trees were given an accession number; trees that were new in the database as of 2014 only had this accession number, whereas trees that were also present in the 2003 inventory retained the grid cell and tree number while also receiving an accession number. Mortality of trees that were alive in 2003 was determined based on removals noted in the 2014 inventory, as well as removed and standing dead trees noted in intervening inventories in 2005 and 2012. For this study, we only analyzed the 11-year mortality from 2003 to 2014 because these inventories were the most complete. We did not assess trees which were planted post-2003 and died pre-2014, also known as “ghost mortalities” as they take place in between monitoring end points (Roman et al. 2014). Incomplete DBH records from 2014 precluded an assessment of DBH size class changes or basal area changes among campus trees between the 2003 and 2014 inventories; DBH records from 2014 are not included in this data publication.


SUMMARY OF 2003-2014 CHANGE

Within the core campus, the total number of live trees remained the same: 3694 in both 2003 and 2014. There were 1427 trees that were removed during this period, and the number of newly planted trees (1427) exactly equaled the number of trees lost.


INVENTORY LINKING AND CLEANING PROCESS

We linked the inventories using a compound key based on the grid cell and tree number (e.g., M38.1_20). Over half of the records linked using this compound key. We then screened the records linked in this manner for mismatches in species and decreases in DBH, which could indicate that a tree number was re-used for a new planting (i.e., the number did not retire following tree removal). For trees that did not link using the compound key, we connected inventory records by manually examining the AutoCAD and BG-BASE maps in conjunction with species and DBH records, and discussions with the University Landscape Architect.


TREES INCLUDED IN THE STUDY

Both inventories included plants that are considered either small trees or large shrubs (e.g., Amelanchier spp., Hamamelis spp., Lagerstroemia spp.) as there is no standard botanical definition of ‘tree’ and all these woody plants fall under the purview of FRES staff. We refer to all plants in the campus tree inventory as ‘trees’ throughout this study because these plants are managed as part of the campus urban forest. In terms of the geographic boundary of the study area, we used the core campus, representing the areas where FRES staff are responsible for vegetation management. This area is roughly bordered by Chestnut St. on the north, 32nd St. on the east, 40th St. on the west, and Hamilton Walk on the south (see the enclosed JPG “penn_tree_inventories_study_boundaries” for an illustration of the core campus study area).


CAUSES OF REMOVAL DETERMINATION

We documented causes for tree removal between the 2003 and 2014 inventories. In the context of this managed campus landscape, we refer to ‘causes’ as the rationale for removal, as reported by the campus tree managers and determined through institutional records. Crucially, for trees that were removed due to declining health or risk management, Penn landscape staff generally removed trees while they were still alive, to maintain an attractive campus with low tree-related risk. In general, during our study period, campus trees were not allowed to die in-place. Furthermore, because of proactive management, in the rare instances of trees that may have died in-place, it is unlikely that standing dead trees would persist in this campus landscape, in contrast to some urban neighborhoods where standing dead trees may linger for years due to lack of stewardship. Therefore, we refer to mortality cases in terms of removal rationales, with the assumption that nearly all removals were of living (although sometimes unhealthy) trees. The causes of removal were grouped by:

(1) removals due to tree health decline or risk management, including storm and wind damage, pests and diseases, shading from trees or structures, tree risk management (i.e., removal of hazardous trees that could damage built infrastructure or injure people), street tree stresses (e.g., de-icing road salt), vehicular accidents, and trunk girdling (e.g., from signs or decorative lights);

(2) human land use choices, including capital projects, other construction (e.g., building façade and walkway upgrades, utility repairs), and aesthetic and functional landscape preferences (e.g., trees interfere with social landscape uses or visual site lines); and

(3) unknown.


CAPITAL PROJECTS

At Penn, capital projects are currently defined as major renovation or construction activities costing US $100,000 or more, such as the construction of new buildings or landscapes, or major renovations of existing built structures. Capital project maps at the campus archives include records of tree removals. Collectively, we consider capital projects and other construction activities to be akin to renovation and redevelopment activities that occur throughout urbanized landscapes. For tree losses which could not be directly linked to capital project records, causes of removal were categorized based on recollections of University Landscape Architect. Specifically, campus maps, removal data, and capital projects records were discussed at-length during in-person meetings to categorize the causes of removal. We also noted which new trees in the 2014 inventory were the result of capital projects.


These methods build on Roman et al. (2014), Roman et al. (2016), and Roman et al. (2017).
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Magarik, Yasha A. S.
Originator: Roman, Lara A.
Originator: Henning, Jason G.
Publication_Date: 2020
Title:
How should we measure multi-stemmed urban trees?
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Urban Forestry & Urban Greening
Issue_Identification: 47: 126481
Other_Citation_Details:
11 p.
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2019.126481
Online_Linkage: https://www.fs.usda.gov/research/treesearch/59139
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Roman, Lara A.
Originator: Battles, John J.
Originator: McBride, Joe R.
Publication_Date: 2014
Title:
The balance of planting and mortality in a street tree population
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Urban Ecosystems
Issue_Identification: 17(2): 387-404
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-013-0320-5
Online_Linkage: https://www.fs.usda.gov/research/treesearch/45393
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Roman, Lara A.
Originator: Battles, John J.
Originator: McBride, Joe R.
Publication_Date: 2016
Title:
Urban tree mortality: A primer on demographic approaches
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Newtown Square, PA
Publisher: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station
Other_Citation_Details:
24 p.
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.2737/NRS-GTR-158
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Roman, Lara
Originator: Fristensky, Jason P.
Originator: Eisenman, Theodore, S.
Originator: Greenfield, Eric J.
Originator: Lundgren, Robert E.
Originator: Cerwinka, Chloe E.
Originator: Hewitt, David A.
Originator: Welsh, Caitlin C.
Publication_Date: 2017
Title:
Growing canopy on a college campus: Understanding urban forest change through archival records and aerial photography
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Environmental Management
Issue_Identification: 60: 1042-1061
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-017-0934-0
Online_Linkage: https://www.fs.usda.gov/research/treesearch/56980
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Roman, Lara A.
Originator: van Doorn, Natalie S.
Originator: McPherson, E. Gregory
Originator: Scharenbroch, Bryant C.
Originator: Henning, Jason G.
Originator: Ӧstberg, Johan P.A.
Originator: Mueller, Lee S.
Originator: Koeser, Andrew K.
Originator: Mills, John R.
Originator: Hallett, Richard A.
Originator: Sanders, John E.
Originator: Battles, John J.
Originator: Boyer, Deborah J.
Originator: Fristensky, Jason P.
Originator: Mincey, Sarah K.
Originator: Peper, Paula J.
Originator: Vogt, Jess
Publication_Date: 2020
Title:
Urban tree monitoring: A field guide
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document
Series_Information:
Series_Name: General Technical Report
Issue_Identification: GTR-NRS-194
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Madison, WI
Publisher: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station
Other_Citation_Details:
48 p.
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.2737/NRS-GTR-194
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Morris Arboretum’s Urban Forestry Consultants
Publication_Date: Unpublished material
Title:
2003 and 2014 University of Pennsylvania campus tree inventories
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data
Publication_Information:
Publisher: Morris Arboretum of the University of Pennsylvania
Type_of_Source_Media: Email
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Multiple_Dates/Times:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 2003
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 2014
Source_Currentness_Reference:
Ground Condition
Source_Contribution:
2003 and 2014 tree inventory data (Microsoft Excel file paired with AutoCAD map and an Excel export from BG-Base map, respectively) were obtained for the University of Pennsylvania campus via personal communication. Partial inventories from 2005 and 2012 were also obtained and used in the data cleaning process for the linked 2003 and 2014 inventories.
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
see methodology
Process_Date: Unknown
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Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
Overview_Description:
Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
Below you will find a list and description of the files included in this data publication.


VARIABLE DESCRIPTION FILES (2)

1. \Data\_variable_descriptions.csv: Comma-separated values (CSV) file containing a list and description of the variables included in each of the data files included in this package (campus_trees.csv and capital_coding.csv).


2. \Data\capital_coding.csv: CSV file containing a list and description of the capital project codes used in campus_trees.csv.

Variables include:

CapitalProject = code for capital project
CapitalProjectBuildingOrSiteName = name of capital project, building, or site name


DATA FILES (1)

1. \Data\campus_trees.csv: CSV file containing campus tree inventory data.

Variables include:

Key = unique record identifier used for each tree in this project; this key is not used by the Penn campus staff who manage trees

SiteType = description of the tree’s immediate planting location; categories for this project are street tree (S), other hardscape such as plaza (P), and turf or lawn (T), with turf/lawn including any non-hardscape herbaceous ground cover

RemovalGroup = contributing cause of removal group for this tree: human land use choices (HUMAN), including capital projects, other construction (e.g., building façade and walkway upgrades, utility repairs), and aesthetic and functional landscape preferences (e.g., trees interfere with social landscape uses or visual site lines); tree health decline or risk management (HEALTH), including storm and wind damage, pests and diseases, shading from trees or structures, tree risk management (i.e., removal of hazardous trees that could damage built infrastructure or injure people), street tree stresses (e.g., de-icing road salt), vehicular accidents, and trunk girdling (e.g., from signs or decorative lights); and UNKNOWN; note that these causes of removal only apply to trees which were alive in 2003 and removed by 2014

RemovalSubGroup = contributing cause of removal for this tree, with further detail than the RemovalGroup: vehicular accident (health-accident), pests and diseases (health-disease), general unspecified health decline (health-general), girlding material around the trunk (health-girdling), tree deemed a safety concern or risk for people or infrastructure (health-hazard), shading by other trees (health-shade), storm damage (health-storm), street tree stresses such as deicing salt (health-street), wind damage (health-wind), human aesthetic preferences (human-aesthetic), capital projects (human-capital), other construction that was not a capital project (human-construction), and UNKNOWN

CapitalProject = if this tree was associated with a capital project, a code for that capital project is given; this field only applies to trees removed or planted between 2003 and 2014 which were associated with a capital project and included in the study; see capital_coding.csv for names of capital projects

MortStatus2014 = mortality status of this tree in 2014: alive (A) or dead or removed (D)

MortStatus2003 = mortality status of this tree in 2003: alive (A) or not yet inventoried (NYI)

CompoundKeyBGBase = compound key based on the campus inventory records from 2003 in AutoCAD, and Excel files produced by the Morris Arboretum: tree locations were recorded based on a grid system for the campus that mirrors the city street grid (e.g., grid cell M38 for the area bordered by Walnut St. and Locust Walk, 38th and 39th Sts.); within each grid cell, trees were located within quadrants (i.e., the northwest, northeast, southwest, and southeast corners of the cell represented by quadrant numbers 1 through 4) and assigned a number (e.g., grid cell M38, quadrant 1, tree 20); the compound key combines the grid cell, quadrant and tree number (e.g., M38.1_20); in our data cleaning for this study, some duplicate keys were found (e.g., when a tree number was re-used), and we distinguished individual trees by adding an extra ".X" to the end of the key, such as L37.3_30.1. (See the enclosed file “penn_campus_grid_map.pdf” for an illustration of these grid cells.)

AccessionNumber = accession number used in the campus inventory records from 2014 in BG-BASE; the first four numbers indicate the year the tree was first entered into BG-BASE; many trees were first entered in 2012, a few in 2013 and 2014, but a complete inventory was done in 2014 confirming mortality status of all trees, hence we refer to this as the 2014 inventory

Genus = genus of the tree (USDA PLANTS Database 2022)

Species = specific epithet of the tree (USDA PLANTS Database 2022)

2003DBHSizeClasscm = diameter at breast height (DBH) size class of the tree in 2003 (centimeters [cm]): <15.3, 15.3-30.5, 30.6-45.7, 45.8-61.0, >61.0

2003DBHcm = DBH of the tree in 2003 (cm); DBH was recorded as circumference at breast height (CBH) to the nearest inch and converted to DBH cm; multistemmed trees were converted to DBH equivalent using the quadratic sum


SUPPLEMENTAL FILES (2)

1. \Supplements\penn_campus_grid_map.pdf: Portable Document Format (PDF) file containing a University of Pennsylvania campus map (downloaded from the Penn website) that shows the grid cells and includes a description of the grid cell codes.

University of Pennsylvania Facilities and Real Estate Services. Printing the campus map: Download and print 8.5 x 11 campus map. Accessed 3/31/2022 from https://www.facilities.upenn.edu/maps/printing-campus-map.


2. \Supplements\penn_tree_inventories_study_boundaries.jpg.: Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPG) file containing a drawing of the University of Pennsylvania campus, displaying the core campus area used in this study. Numbers indicate places discussed in the text: (1) Harrison College House, (2) Steinberg-Dietrich Hall, (3) Annenberg Public Policy Center, (4) New College House, also known as Lauder College House, (5) McNeil Center for Early American Studies, (6) Skirkanich Hall, (7) Shoemaker Green, and (8) Edward W. Kane Park. (This .jpg is Figure 1 in the associated manuscript, Roman et al. 2022)
Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:
Roman, Lara A.; Fristensky, Jason P.; Lundgren, Robert E.; Cerwinka, Chloe E.; Lubar, Jason E. 2022. Construction and proactive management led to tree removals on an urban college campus. Forests. 13(6): 871. https://doi.org/10.3390/f13060871 and https://www.fs.usda.gov/research/treesearch/65327

USDA, NRCS. 2022. The PLANTS Database (http://plants.usda.gov, 04/04/2022). National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA.
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Distribution_Information:
Distributor:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: USDA Forest Service, Research and Development
Contact_Position: Research Data Archivist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 240 West Prospect Road
City: Fort Collins
State_or_Province: CO
Postal_Code: 80526
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: see Contact Instructions
Contact Instructions: This contact information was current as of April 2023. For current information see Contact Us page on: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS.
Resource_Description: RDS-2022-0038
Distribution_Liability:
Metadata documents have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness. Unless otherwise stated, all data and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. However, neither the author, the Archive, nor any part of the federal government can assure the reliability or suitability of these data for a particular purpose. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed for a user's application of these data or related materials.

The metadata, data, or related materials may be updated without notification. If a user believes errors are present in the metadata, data or related materials, please use the information in (1) Identification Information: Point of Contact, (2) Metadata Reference: Metadata Contact, or (3) Distribution Information: Distributor to notify the author or the Archive of the issues.
Standard_Order_Process:
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: CSV
Format_Version_Number: see Format Specification
Format_Specification:
Comma-separated values (CSV) file
File_Decompression_Technique: Files zipped with 7-Zip 19.0
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2022-0038
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: JPEG
Format_Version_Number: see Format Specification
Format_Specification:
Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPG) file
File_Decompression_Technique: Files zipped with 7-Zip 19.0
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2022-0038
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: PDF
Format_Version_Number: see Format Specification
Format_Specification:
Portable Document Format (PDF) file
File_Decompression_Technique: Files zipped with 7-Zip 19.0
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2022-0038
Fees: None
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Metadata_Reference_Information:
Metadata_Date: 20230414
Metadata_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Lara A. Roman
Contact_Organization: USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Philadelphia Field Station
Contact_Position: Research Ecologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 100 N. 20th St., Suite 205
City: Philadelphia
State_or_Province: PA
Postal_Code: 19095
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 215-917-8899
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: lara.roman@usda.gov
Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Biological Data Profile of the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001.1-1999
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