Post-fire tree regeneration in burned ponderosa pine forests of South Dakota, Wyoming, and Colorado, USA

Metadata:

Identification_Information:
Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Fornwalt, Paula J.
Originator: Chambers, Marin E.
Originator: Battaglia, Michael A.
Originator: Iniguez, Jose M.
Originator: Sieg, Carolyn H.
Publication_Date: 2022
Title:
Post-fire tree regeneration in burned ponderosa pine forests of South Dakota, Wyoming, and Colorado, USA
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Fort Collins, CO
Publisher: Forest Service Research Data Archive
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2022-0042
Description:
Abstract:
This data publication contains post-fire tree regeneration and other data for 807 plots distributed within and adjacent to 11 recent (10-18 year-old) wildfires in the Black Hills of South Dakota and Wyoming, the Laramie Mountains of Wyoming, and the Front Range of Colorado. Data collection occurred in 2014 and 2015. The overstory of all plots had been dominated or co-dominated by ponderosa pine at the time of burning. Plots were primarily located in areas that burned with high severity, although some plots were located in areas that burned less severely or were unburned. At each plot, we recorded species, height, and other attributes for all post-fire regenerating trees, and we recorded species, status, diameter at breast height, and other attributes for all overstory trees that were thought to have been alive prior to the fire. Additionally, at each plot we recorded numerous plot attributes, including (but not limited to) fire severity, distance from surviving forest, elevation, and coarse wood cover.
Purpose:
These data were collected to quantify post-fire tree regeneration in ponderosa pine forests of the Black Hills of South Dakota and Wyoming, the Laramie Mountains of Wyoming, and the Front Range of Colorado, and to examine the site factors that govern it.
Supplemental_Information:
For more information about these data and this study, see Chambers et al. (2016) and Rodman et al. (2020).

The metadata for this data publication was originally published on 10/25/2022 and the associated data were under an embargo. On 04/14/2023 the metadata was updated to include a citation for a recently published article that is related to these data. On 01/02/2024 the data embargo was lifted.
Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 2014
Ending_Date: 2015
Currentness_Reference:
Ground condition
Status:
Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned
Spatial_Domain:
Description_of_Geographic_Extent:
Data were collected within and adjacent to 11 recent (10-18 year-old) wildfires in ponderosa pine forests of the Black Hills of South Dakota and Wyoming, the Laramie Mountains of Wyoming, and the Front Range of Colorado.
Bounding_Coordinates:
West_Bounding_Coordinate: -105.39514
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -103.32532
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 44.37365
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 39.02834
Bounding_Altitudes:
Altitude_Minimum: 1191
Altitude_Maximum: 2780
Altitude_Distance_Units: meters
Keywords:
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: biota
Theme_Keyword: environment
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: National Research & Development Taxonomy
Theme_Keyword: Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment
Theme_Keyword: Plant ecology
Theme_Keyword: Fire
Theme_Keyword: Fire ecology
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Theme_Keyword: ponderosa pine
Theme_Keyword: Pinus ponderosa
Theme_Keyword: tree regeneration
Theme_Keyword: wildfire
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Place_Keyword: Colorado
Place_Keyword: South Dakota
Place_Keyword: Wyoming
Place_Keyword: Black Hills
Place_Keyword: Front Range
Taxonomy:
Keywords/Taxon:
Taxonomic_Keyword_Thesaurus:
None
Taxonomic_Keywords: multiple species
Taxonomic_Keywords: plants
Taxonomic_Keywords: vegetation
Taxonomic_Keywords: bur oak
Taxonomic_Keywords: paper birch
Taxonomic_Keywords: quaking aspen
Taxonomic_Keywords: white spruce
Taxonomic_Keywords: blue spruce
Taxonomic_Keywords: lodgepole pine
Taxonomic_Keywords: ponderosa pine
Taxonomic_Keywords: Douglas-fir
Taxonomic_Keywords: Rocky Mountain juniper
Taxonomic_System:
Classification_System/Authority:
Classification_System_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: ITIS
Publication_Date: 2022
Title:
Integrated Taxonomic Information System
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: on-line database
Other_Citation_Details:
Retrieved [June, 17, 2022]; CC0
Online_Linkage: https://www.itis.gov
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/F7KH0KBK
Taxonomic_Procedures:
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Kingdom
Taxon_Rank_Value: Plantae
Applicable_Common_Name: plantes
Applicable_Common_Name: Planta
Applicable_Common_Name: Vegetal
Applicable_Common_Name: plants
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Subkingdom
Taxon_Rank_Value: Viridiplantae
Applicable_Common_Name: green plants
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Infrakingdom
Taxon_Rank_Value: Streptophyta
Applicable_Common_Name: land plants
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Superdivision
Taxon_Rank_Value: Embryophyta
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Division
Taxon_Rank_Value: Tracheophyta
Applicable_Common_Name: vascular plants
Applicable_Common_Name: tracheophytes
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Subdivision
Taxon_Rank_Value: Spermatophytina
Applicable_Common_Name: spermatophytes
Applicable_Common_Name: seed plants
Applicable_Common_Name: phanérogames
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Class
Taxon_Rank_Value: Magnoliopsida
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Superorder
Taxon_Rank_Value: Rosanae
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
Taxon_Rank_Value: Fagales
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
Taxon_Rank_Value: Fagaceae
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Quercus
Applicable_Common_Name: chêne
Applicable_Common_Name: oak
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Quercus macrocarpa
Applicable_Common_Name: bur oak
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
Taxon_Rank_Value: Betulaceae
Applicable_Common_Name: alder
Applicable_Common_Name: birch
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Betula
Applicable_Common_Name: birch
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Betula papyrifera
Applicable_Common_Name: paper birch
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
Taxon_Rank_Value: Malpighiales
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
Taxon_Rank_Value: Salicaceae
Applicable_Common_Name: willows
Applicable_Common_Name: saules
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Populus
Applicable_Common_Name: cottonwood
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Populus tremuloides
Applicable_Common_Name: quaking aspen
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Class
Taxon_Rank_Value: Pinopsida
Applicable_Common_Name: conifers
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Subclass
Taxon_Rank_Value: Pinidae
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
Taxon_Rank_Value: Pinales
Applicable_Common_Name: pines
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
Taxon_Rank_Value: Pinaceae
Applicable_Common_Name: pines
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Picea
Applicable_Common_Name: spruce
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Picea glauca
Applicable_Common_Name: Black Hills spruce
Applicable_Common_Name: Canadian spruce
Applicable_Common_Name: cat spruce
Applicable_Common_Name: skunk spruce
Applicable_Common_Name: western white spruce
Applicable_Common_Name: white spruce
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Picea pungens
Applicable_Common_Name: silver spruce
Applicable_Common_Name: Colorado blue spruce
Applicable_Common_Name: blue spruce
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Pinus
Applicable_Common_Name: pine
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Pinus contorta
Applicable_Common_Name: lodgepole pine
Applicable_Common_Name: scrub pine
Applicable_Common_Name: shore pine
Applicable_Common_Name: tamarack pine
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Pinus ponderosa
Applicable_Common_Name: ponderosa pine
Applicable_Common_Name: bull pine
Applicable_Common_Name: western yellow pine
Applicable_Common_Name: blackjack pine
Applicable_Common_Name: pinabete
Applicable_Common_Name: rock pine
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Pseudotsuga
Applicable_Common_Name: Douglas-fir
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Pseudotsuga menziesii
Applicable_Common_Name: red fir
Applicable_Common_Name: Douglas spruce
Applicable_Common_Name: Oregon pine
Applicable_Common_Name: Douglas-fir
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
Taxon_Rank_Value: Cupressaceae
Applicable_Common_Name: cypress
Applicable_Common_Name: redwood
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Juniperus
Applicable_Common_Name: juniper
Applicable_Common_Name: cedar
Applicable_Common_Name: cedro
Applicable_Common_Name: redcedar
Applicable_Common_Name: sabino
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Juniperus scopulorum
Applicable_Common_Name: enebro riparío
Applicable_Common_Name: Rocky Mountain juniper
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:
These data were collected using funding from the U.S. Government and can be used without additional permissions or fees. If you use these data in a publication, presentation, or other research product please use the following citation:

Fornwalt, Paula J.; Chambers, Marin E.; Battaglia, Michael A.; Iniguez, Jose M.; Sieg, Carolyn H. 2022. Post-fire tree regeneration in burned ponderosa pine forests of South Dakota, Wyoming, and Colorado, USA. Fort Collins, CO: Forest Service Research Data Archive. https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2022-0042
Point_of_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station
Contact_Person: Paula Fornwalt
Contact_Position: Research Ecologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 240 West Prospect Road
City: Fort Collins
State_or_Province: CO
Postal_Code: 80526
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 970-498-2581
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: paula.fornwalt@usda.gov
Contact Instructions: This contact information was current as of original publication date. For current information see Contact Us page on: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS.
Data_Set_Credit:
Funding for this project was provided by the USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, National Fire Plan Project NFP-13-16-FWE-43.


Author Information:

Paula J. Fornwalt
USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5252-408X

Marin E. Chambers
Colorado Forest Restoration Institute, Colorado State University

Michael A. Battaglia
USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4260-5804

Jose M. Iniguez
USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4566-1297

Carolyn H. Sieg
USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Chambers, Marin E.
Originator: Fornwalt, Paula J.
Originator: Malone, Sparkle L.
Originator: Battaglia, Michael A.
Publication_Date: 2016
Title:
Patterns of conifer regeneration following high severity wildfire in ponderosa pine-dominated forests of the Colorado Front Range
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Forest Ecology and Management
Issue_Identification: 378: 57-67
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2016.07.001
Online_Linkage: https://www.fs.usda.gov/research/treesearch/52277
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Chambers, Marin E.
Originator: Fornwalt, Paula J.
Originator: Malone, Sparkle L.
Originator: Battaglia, Michael A.
Publication_Date: 2022
Title:
Corrigendum to "Patterns of conifer regeneration following high severity wildfire in ponderosa pine-dominated forests of the Colorado Front Range" [For. Ecol. Manage. 378 (2016) 57–67]
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Forest Ecology and Management
Issue_Identification: 507: 119971
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119971
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Davis, Kimberley T.
Originator: Robles, Marcos D.
Originator: Kemp, Kerry B.
Originator: Higuera, Philip E.
Originator: Chapman, Teresa
Originator: Metlen, Kerry L.
Originator: Peeler, Jamie L.
Originator: Rodman, Kyle C.
Originator: Woolley, Travis
Originator: Addington, Robert N.
Originator: Buma, Brian J.
Originator: Cansler, C. Alina
Originator: Case, Michael J.
Originator: Collins, Brandon M.
Originator: Coop, Jonathan D.
Originator: Dobrowski, Solomon Z.
Originator: Gill, Nathan S.
Originator: Haffey, Collin
Originator: Harris, Lucas B.
Originator: Harvey, Brian J.
Originator: Haugo, Ryan D.
Originator: Hurteau, Matthew D.
Originator: Kulakowski, Dominik
Originator: Littlefield, Caitlin E.
Originator: McCauley, Lisa A.
Originator: Povak, Nicholas
Originator: Shive, Kristen L.
Originator: Smith, Edward
Originator: Stevens, Jens T.
Originator: Stevens-Rumann, Camille S.
Originator: Taylor, Alan H.
Originator: Tepley, Alan J.
Originator: Young, Derek J.N.
Originator: Andrus, Robert A.
Originator: Battaglia, Mike A.
Originator: Berkey, Julia K.
Originator: Busby, Sebastian U.
Originator: Carlson, Amanda R.
Originator: Chambers, Marin E.
Originator: Dodson, Erich Kyle
Originator: Donato, Daniel C.
Originator: Downing, William M.
Originator: Fornwalt, Paula J.
Originator: Halofsky, Joshua S.
Originator: Hoffman, Ashley
Originator: Holz, Andrés
Originator: Iniguez, Jose M.
Originator: Krawchuk, Meg A.
Originator: Kreider, Mark R.
Originator: Larson, Andrew J.
Originator: Meigs, Garrett W.
Originator: Roccaforte, John Paul
Originator: Rother, Monica T.
Originator: Safford, Hugh
Originator: Schaedel, Michael
Originator: Sibold, Jason S.
Originator: Singleton, Megan P.
Originator: Turner, Monica G.
Originator: Urza, Alexandra K.
Originator: Clark-Wolf, Kyra D.
Originator: Yocom, Larissa
Originator: Fontaine, Joseph B.
Originator: Campbell, John L.
Publication_Date: 2023
Title:
Reduced fire severity offers near-term buffer to climate-driven declines in conifer resilience across the western United States
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Ecology
Issue_Identification: 120(11): e2208120120
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2208120120
Online_Linkage: https://www.fs.usda.gov/research/treesearch/65933
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Rodman, Kyle C.
Originator: Veblen, Thomas T.
Originator: Battaglia, Michael A.
Originator: Chambers, Marin E.
Originator: Fornwalt, Paula J.
Originator: Holden, Zachary A.
Originator: Kolb, Thomas E.
Originator: Ouzts, Jessica R.
Originator: Rother, Monica T.
Publication_Date: 2020
Title:
A changing climate is snuffing out post-fire recovery of montane forests
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Global Ecology and Biogeography
Issue_Identification: 29: 2039-2051
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.13174
Online_Linkage: https://www.fs.usda.gov/research/treesearch/61334
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Data_Quality_Information:
Attribute_Accuracy:
Attribute_Accuracy_Report:
PlotAttributes.csv: This file contains attributes of plots where post-fire regenerating trees and pre-fire overstory trees were measured. The attributes Region, Fire, FireYear, Transect, Plot, Severity, SampleDate, SampleYear, SlopePos, and SlopeShape are simple descriptive attributes and are likely highly accurate. The attributes Distance, Latitude, Longitude, Elevation, Slope, Aspect, and CanCov were measured with instruments and are likely fairly accurate. The attributes ForbCov, GramCov, ShrubCov, TreeCov, MossLichCov, FineCov, CoarseCov, SoilGravCov, LittDuffCov, and RockCov were visually estimated and are likely fairly accurate.

PostfireRegeneratingTrees.csv: This file contains measurements of live trees that were thought to have regenerated post-fire per plot. The attributes Plot, Quantity, Species, DBH (diameter at breast height), Height, Growth2014, Growth2013, and Growth2012 are thought to be fairly accurate. One potential source of inaccuracy in this file is due to trees being inadvertently missed during the surveys. Another potential source of inaccuracy has to do with the determination of whether trees regenerated post-fire. For trees that did not clearly regenerate post-fire (e.g., trees not in the middle of a high-severity patch), this determination relied primarily on bud scar or branch whorl counting to estimate tree ages. This technique can be somewhat imprecise, particularly for trees that are older, that are suppressed, or that are not coniferous.

PrefireOverstoryTrees.csv: This file contains measurements of trees ≥ 4 centimeters (cm) DBH that were thought to have been alive prior to the fire. The attributes Plot, Quantity, Species, and Status are thought to be highly accurate. A potential source of inaccuracy has to do with the attributes DBH and Height, which may be somewhat imprecise for dead trees, especially those that had a fair amount of decay and/or consumption.
Logical_Consistency_Report:
The data were checked for accuracy following collection in the field, following data entry, and prior to archival. Checks were accomplished through various means including inspecting the field data sheets, comparing the data with the field data sheets or other source material, and sorting, filtering, and summarizing the data.
Completeness_Report:
Values in the data that are either not available or not applicable are indicated by either an NA (text attributes) or -999 (numerical attributes).
Lineage:
Methodology:
Methodology_Type: Field
Methodology_Description:
Data collection occurred in 2014 and 2015, within and surrounding 11 large (> 1000 hectare [ha]) 10-18 year-old wildfires in the Black Hills of South Dakota and Wyoming, the Laramie Mountains of Wyoming, and the Front Range of Colorado.

We identified study sites within each fire using a Geographic Information System (GIS). The number of sites per fire was dictated by the availability of locations that met the following three site selection criteria. First, pre-fire forests at the sites needed to have been dominated or co-dominated by ponderosa pine. Second, the sites needed to encompass a patch of forest that experienced low- to moderate-severity fire, and a patch of immediately adjacent forest that experienced high-severity fire. The low- to moderate-severity patch needed to measure at least 100 meters (m) wide on all sides, and the high-severity patch needed to measure at least 300 m wide on all sides, so that a transect as described below could be accommodated. Third, the sites needed to exclude inaccessible terrain, private property, and areas that experienced post-fire burning, reforestation, or salvage logging. Study sites were at least 10 ha in size.

We located transects within the study sites by first generating points along the boundary between the low- to moderate- and high-severity patches in a GIS, and randomly choosing one point per site. In the field, we confirmed that the three above site selection criteria were met at the randomly chosen points, and then we established transects through or near to them. Transects were anchored 50 m into the low- to moderate-severity patches and then extended up to 250 m into the high-severity patches. When placing transects within the high-severity patches, we ensured that the distance along them equaled the shortest distance to the low- to moderate-severity patches from which they originated. We also ensured that other surviving trees (e.g., isolated trees within the high-severity patches that had not been apparent in the aerial imagery or trees along other surviving forest edges) were at least as far away from the transects as the originating low- to moderate-severity patches. When necessary, we used a hand-held long-distance rangefinder to verify distances.

We established circular 100 square meter (5.67-m radius) plots along the transects at eight distance from surviving forest classes: 0 m, 25 m, 50 m, 75 m, 100 m, 150 m, 200 m, and 250 m. All transects included plots at 0 m, 25 m, 50 m, 100 m, and 150 m from surviving forest, and two-thirds included a plot at 200 m; only about a third of the transects were long enough to include a plot at 250 m. Moreover, only transects sampled in 2015 included a plot at 75 m from surviving forest.

We also located circular 100 square meter plots in unburned areas outside of each fire, as close to the fire as possible. To locate these plots, we identified sites in a GIS that were at least 10 ha in size and that met site selection criteria one and three above, and we randomly located the plot within it. At least three unburned plots were established per fire.

We made a variety of measurements within the plots. We recorded the species and height of all live trees ≥ 5 cm tall that were thought to have regenerated post-fire. We recorded DBH for post-fire trees ≥ breast height (1.4 m) tall. If there was uncertainty about whether a tree regenerated post-fire, we estimated its age by counting bud scars and/or branch whorls along the main stem. In 2015, we also recorded the length of the 2014, 2013, and 2012 terminal growth increment for post-fire trees that were conifers. We recorded species, status (live, dead and standing, or dead and downed), and DBH for all trees ≥ 4 cm DBH that were thought to have been alive pre-fire. For trees with a status of live, we also measured height. We measured canopy cover at breast height using a convex spherical densiometer, with measurements taken at plot center in the four cardinal directions. We established four 2 square meter (1 m × 2 m) subplots in each plot, located 2.5 m from the plot center in the cardinal directions, and in these we visually estimated the percent cover of live forbs, live graminoids, live shrubs, live trees (portions < breast height tall), live mosses and lichens, fine wood (< 7.6 cm diameter), coarse wood (≥ 7.6 cm diameter), soil and gravel, litter and duff, and rock. Total cover in the subplots could exceed 100% due to overlap. At plot center, we observed slope position and slope shape, we measured latitude, longitude, and elevation with a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver, we measured slope with a clinometer, and we measured aspect with a compass.
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Chambers, Marin E.
Originator: Fornwalt, Paula J.
Originator: Malone, Sparkle L.
Originator: Battaglia, Michael A.
Publication_Date: 2016
Title:
Patterns of conifer regeneration following high severity wildfire in ponderosa pine-dominated forests of the Colorado Front Range
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Forest Ecology and Management
Issue_Identification: 378: 57-67
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2016.07.001
Online_Linkage: https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/52277
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
We averaged the four estimates of canopy cover and of the cover of forbs, graminoids, shrubs, trees, mosses and lichens, fine wood, coarse wood, soil and gravel, litter and duff, and rock per plot to create the attributes CanCov, ForbCov, GramCov, ShrubCov, RegenCov, TreeCov, MossLichCov, FineCov, CoarseCov, SoilGravCov, LittDuffCov, and RockCov, respectively.
Process_Date: Unknown
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Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
Overview_Description:
Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
Below you will find a list and description of the files included in this data publication.

VARIABLE DESCRIPTION FILE (1)

1. \Data\_variable_descriptions.csv: Comma-separated values (CSV) file containing a list and description of variables found in all data files. (A description of these variables is also provided in the metadata below.)

Columns include:

Filename = name of data file
Variable = name of variable
Units = units (if applicable)
Precision = precision (if applicable)
Description = description of variable


DATA FILES (3)

1. \Data\PlotAttributes.csv: CSV file containing attributes of all 100 square meter plots.

Variables include:

Region: Study region within which the plot is located, either BlackHills (Black Hills of South Dakota and Wyoming), FrontRange (Front Range of Colorado), or LaramieMountains (Laramie Mountains of Wyoming).

Fire: Wildfire within which the plot is located.

FireYear: Year the plot was burned by wildfire.

Transect: Transect along which the plot is located.

Plot: Plot name.

Severity: Wildfire severity in the plot, either unburned (unburned by the wildfire), low (overstory mortality due to the wildfire < 100%), or high (overstory mortality due to the wildfire = 100%).

Distance: Distance from the plot to the nearest surviving forest or tree (m).

SampleDate: Date the plot was sampled.

SampleYear: Year the plot was sampled.

Latitude: Latitude of the plot (decimal degrees).

Longitude: Longitude of the plot (decimal degrees).

Elevation: Plot elevation (m).

Slope: Plot slope (percent).

SlopePos: Plot position on slope, either ridgetop, upperslope, midslope, lowerslope, and/or streambottom

SlopeShape: Plot slope shape, either concave, convex, and/or flat.

Aspect: Plot aspect (degrees).

CanCov: Overstory canopy cover of the plot (percent).

ForbCov: Cover of live forbs in the plot (percent).

GramCov: Cover of live graminoids in the plot (percent).

ShrubCov: Cover of live shrubs in the plot (percent).

TreeCov: Cover of live trees in the plot (percent).

MossLichCov: Cover of live moss and lichen in the plot (percent).

FineCov: Cover of fine wood in the plot (percent).

CoarseCov: Cover of coarse wood in the plot (percent).

SoilGravCov: Cover of soil and gravel in the plot (percent).

LittDuffCov: Cover of litter and duff in the plot (percent).

RockCov: Cover of rock in the plot (percent).



2. \Data\PostfireRegeneratingTrees.csv: CSV file containing measurements of all trees that were thought to have regenerated post-fire per 100 square meter plot.

Variables include:

Plot: Plot name.

Quantity: Number of trees represented by the record (0 = no trees were in the plot; the record is a placeholder for the plot).

Species: Species, either BEPA (Betula papyrifera), JUSC (Juniperus scopulorum), PIGL (Picea glauca), PIPU (Picea pungens), PICO (Pinus contorta), PIPO (Pinus ponderosa), POTR (Populus tremuloides), PSME (Pseudotsuga menziesii), QUMA (Quercus macrocarpa), UNK (unknown), or NA (not applicable - no tree).

DBH: Diameter at breast height (cm), if over breast height tall.

Height: Height (cm).

Growth2014: Length of 2014 terminal growth increment (cm).

Growth2013: Length of 2013 terminal growth increment (cm).

Growth2012: Length of 2012 terminal growth increment (cm).



3. \Data\PrefireOverstoryTrees.csv: CSV file containing measurements of all trees ≥ 4 centimeters DBH that were thought to have been alive prior to the fire per 100 square meter plot.

Variables include:

Plot: Plot name.

Quantity: Number of trees represented by the record (0 = no trees were in the plot; the record is a placeholder for the plot).

Species: Species, either BEPA (Betula papyrifera), JUSC (Juniperus scopulorum), PIGL (Picea glauca), PIPU (Picea pungens), PICO (Pinus contorta), PIPO (Pinus ponderosa), POTR (Populus tremuloides), PSME (Pseudotsuga menziesii), QUMA (Quercus macrocarpa), UNK (unknown), or NA (not applicable - no tree).

Status: Status, either DD (dead and downed), L (live), or SD (dead and standing).

DBH: Diameter at breast height (cm).

Height: Height (m).
Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:
Chambers, Marin E.; Fornwalt, Paula J.; Malone, Sparkle L.; Battaglia, Michael A. 2016. Patterns of conifer regeneration following high severity wildfire in ponderosa pine-dominated forests of the Colorado Front Range. Forest Ecology and Management, 378: 57-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2016.07.001 and https://www.fs.usda.gov/research/treesearch/52277
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Distribution_Information:
Distributor:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: USDA Forest Service, Research and Development
Contact_Position: Research Data Archivist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 240 West Prospect Road
City: Fort Collins
State_or_Province: CO
Postal_Code: 80526
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: see Contact Instructions
Contact Instructions: This contact information was current as of January 2024. For current information see Contact Us page on: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS.
Resource_Description: RDS-2022-0042
Distribution_Liability:
Metadata documents have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness. Unless otherwise stated, all data and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. However, neither the author, the Archive, nor any part of the federal government can assure the reliability or suitability of these data for a particular purpose. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed for a user's application of these data or related materials.

The metadata, data, or related materials may be updated without notification. If a user believes errors are present in the metadata, data or related materials, please use the information in (1) Identification Information: Point of Contact, (2) Metadata Reference: Metadata Contact, or (3) Distribution Information: Distributor to notify the author or the Archive of the issues.
Standard_Order_Process:
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: CSV
Format_Version_Number: see Format Specification
Format_Specification:
Comma-separated values file
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2022-0042
Fees: None
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Metadata_Reference_Information:
Metadata_Date: 20240102
Metadata_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station
Contact_Person: Paula Fornwalt
Contact_Position: Research Ecologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 240 West Prospect Road
City: Fort Collins
State_or_Province: CO
Postal_Code: 80526
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 970-498-2581
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: paula.fornwalt@usda.gov
Contact Instructions: This contact information was current as of original publication date. For current information see Contact Us page on: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS.
Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Biological Data Profile of the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001.1-1999
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