Mangrove seedling measurements at Kosrae, Federated States of Micronesia

Metadata:

Identification_Information:
Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Ewel, Katherine C.
Publication_Date: 2022
Title:
Mangrove seedling measurements at Kosrae, Federated States of Micronesia
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Fort Collins, CO
Publisher: Forest Service Research Data Archive
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2022-0069
Description:
Abstract:
This data publication contains data regarding seedlings of two species of mangroves, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza and Rhizophora apiculata, which were monitored for eight years (1996-2004) on the Pacific island of Kosrae, Federated States of Micronesia. They were monitored to determine the effects of canopy cover and hydrogeomorphic zone on long-term survival and growth. The study area has high annual rainfall with little seasonality. The study plots with seedling subplots were in fringe, riverine, and interior hydrogeomorphic zones along four small rivers. The height of each seedling was measured each year and was designated each time as being under an open, partially closed, or closed canopy. Additional information regarding leaf scars was also collected.
Purpose:
Data collected were used to investigate importance of hydrogeomorphic zones and canopy cover on mangrove seedling distribution, density, growth rate, and survival in Kosrae.
Supplemental_Information:
These data were published on 10/18/2022. Minor metadata updates were made on 05/18/2023.

For more information about this study and these data, see Ewel and Baldwin (2022).
Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 1996
Ending_Date: 2004
Currentness_Reference:
Ground condition
Status:
Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned
Spatial_Domain:
Description_of_Geographic_Extent:
The study area includes study plots in fringe, riverine, and interior hydrogeomorphic zones along the four small rivers: Finkol River, Okat River, Utwe River, and Yela River in Kosrae, Federated States of Micronesia. Each plot covers an area of approximately 2.5 hectares.
Bounding_Coordinates:
West_Bounding_Coordinate: 162.88
East_Bounding_Coordinate: 162.05
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 5.38
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 5.25
Bounding_Altitudes:
Altitude_Minimum: 0
Altitude_Maximum: 2
Altitude_Distance_Units: meters
Keywords:
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: biota
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: National Research & Development Taxonomy
Theme_Keyword: Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment
Theme_Keyword: Plant ecology
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Theme_Keyword: Bruguiera gymnorrhiza
Theme_Keyword: large-leafed orange mangrove
Theme_Keyword: sraol
Theme_Keyword: Rhizophora apiculata
Theme_Keyword: bakau minyak
Theme_Keyword: suhkasrihk
Theme_Keyword: hydrogeomorphic zones
Theme_Keyword: canopy cover
Theme_Keyword: seedling mortality
Theme_Keyword: wetlands
Theme_Keyword: mangroves
Theme_Keyword: seedling growth
Theme_Keyword: sapling recruitment
Theme_Keyword: El-Niño-Southern Oscillation
Theme_Keyword: ENSO
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Place_Keyword: Kosrae
Place_Keyword: Federated States of Micronesia
Taxonomy:
Keywords/Taxon:
Taxonomic_Keyword_Thesaurus:
None
Taxonomic_Keywords: multiple species
Taxonomic_Keywords: plants
Taxonomic_Keywords: vegetation
Taxonomic_Keywords: Bruguiera gymnorrhiza
Taxonomic_Keywords: large-leafed orange mangrove, sraol
Taxonomic_Keywords: Rhizophora apiculata
Taxonomic_Keywords: bakau minyak, suhkasrihk
Taxonomic_System:
Classification_System/Authority:
Classification_System_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: ITIS
Publication_Date: 2022
Title:
Integrated Taxonomic Information System
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: on-line database
Other_Citation_Details:
Retrieved [September, 19, 2022]; CC0
Online_Linkage: https://www.itis.gov
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/F7KH0KBK
Classification_System_Modifications:
ITIS recommends the accepted name "Bruguiera gymnorhiza", instead of "Bruguiera gymnorrhiza".

Kosraean common names were added and a few of the other common names were changed to more appropriate common names (e.g., loosestrife was provided as a common name for Lythraceae, however this is a weed.)
Taxonomic_Procedures:
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Kingdom
Taxon_Rank_Value: Plantae
Applicable_Common_Name: plantes
Applicable_Common_Name: Planta
Applicable_Common_Name: Vegetal
Applicable_Common_Name: plants
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Subkingdom
Taxon_Rank_Value: Viridiplantae
Applicable_Common_Name: green plants
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Infrakingdom
Taxon_Rank_Value: Streptophyta
Applicable_Common_Name: land plants
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Superdivision
Taxon_Rank_Value: Embryophyta
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Division
Taxon_Rank_Value: Tracheophyta
Applicable_Common_Name: vascular plants
Applicable_Common_Name: tracheophytes
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Subdivision
Taxon_Rank_Value: Spermatophytina
Applicable_Common_Name: spermatophytes
Applicable_Common_Name: seed plants
Applicable_Common_Name: phanérogames
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Class
Taxon_Rank_Value: Magnoliopsida
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Superorder
Taxon_Rank_Value: Asteranae
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
Taxon_Rank_Value: Ericales
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
Taxon_Rank_Value: Lecythidaceae
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Barringtonia
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Barringtonia racemosa
Applicable_Common_Name: kwenguhl
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Superorder
Taxon_Rank_Value: Lilianae
Applicable_Common_Name: monocots
Applicable_Common_Name: monocotyledons
Applicable_Common_Name: monocotylédones
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
Taxon_Rank_Value: Arecales
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
Taxon_Rank_Value: Arecaceae
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Cocos
Applicable_Common_Name: coconut palm
Applicable_Common_Name: nu
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Cocos nucifera
Applicable_Common_Name: coconut palm
Applicable_Common_Name: Palma de Coco
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Nypa
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Nypa fruticans
Applicable_Common_Name: nipa palm
Applicable_Common_Name: fahsuc
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Superorder
Taxon_Rank_Value: Rosanae
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
Taxon_Rank_Value: Myrtales
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
Taxon_Rank_Value: Lythraceae
Applicable_Common_Name: apple mangrove
Applicable_Common_Name: fuliohfohl
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Sonneratia
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Sonneratia alba
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
Taxon_Rank_Value: Sapindales
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
Taxon_Rank_Value: Meliaceae
Applicable_Common_Name: cannonball mangrove
Applicable_Common_Name: tuhi
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Xylocarpus
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Xylocarpus granatum
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
Taxon_Rank_Value: Malpighiales
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
Taxon_Rank_Value: Rhizophoraceae
Applicable_Common_Name: mangroves
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Rhizophora
Applicable_Common_Name: mangrove
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Rhizophora apiculata
Applicable_Common_Name: mangrove
Applicable_Common_Name: suhkasrihk
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Rhizophora mucronata
Applicable_Common_Name: mangrove
Applicable_Common_Name: kahrahk
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Bruguiera
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Bruguiera gymnorhiza
Applicable_Common_Name: orange mangrove
Applicable_Common_Name: sraol
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:
These data were collected using funding from the U.S. Government and can be used without additional permissions or fees. If you use these data in a publication, presentation, or other research product please use the following citation:

Ewel, Katherine C. 2022. Mangrove seedling measurements at Kosrae, Federated States of Micronesia. Fort Collins, CO: Forest Service Research Data Archive. https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2022-0069
Point_of_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station
Contact_Person: James A. Baldwin
Contact_Position: Statistician
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 800 Buchanan Street
City: Albany
State_or_Province: CA
Postal_Code: 94710
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: None
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jbaldwin@usda.gov
Contact Instructions: This contact information was current as of October 2022.
Data_Set_Credit:
Funding was provided by the USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station.


Author Information:

Ewel, Katherine C.
School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatic Sciences, University of Florida
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6470-016X
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Ewel, Katherine C.
Originator: Baldwin, James A.
Publication_Date: 2022
Title:
Long-term patterns of growth and survival of mangrove seedlings in Micronesia
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Hydrobiologia
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-022-05041-1
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Data_Quality_Information:
Attribute_Accuracy:
Attribute_Accuracy_Report:
All the measurements were very simple; a meter stick was the only instrument used. Field assistants were all comfortable with these simple procedures.
Logical_Consistency_Report:
No additional testing was done - all measurements were very simple.
Completeness_Report:
When heights or canopy cover level are missing, -99 is entered.
Lineage:
Methodology:
Methodology_Type: Field
Methodology_Description:
STUDY DESIGN

In the early 1980s, 5-point cluster plots were distributed across the islands comprising the Federated States of Micronesia for a timber inventory in uplands, mangroves, and freshwater forested wetlands. Each plot includes 5 points. We installed 3 additional plots at random locations in fringe, riverine, and interior sites at each of the four rivers.

A single plot consisted of 5 points making the shape of a cross: from the central point, the other points were located 50 meters (m) west, north, and east of the central point; the fifth was located 43 m south. At each of the five points, 4 1-m² subplots were randomly located, each in a different quadrat, around the point itself. Therefore, each plot had 20 subplots in which seedling growth and survival were monitored and above which canopy cover was noted as open (0), partially closed (1), and closed (2). (Occasionally there was some ambiguity in assigning an integer canopy cover score and there were a few instances of 0.5, 1.5, and 1.9 recorded.)

We were also able to estimate recruitment and mortality on an areal basis by monitoring all mangrove seedlings in the subplots.

The reason for selecting this plot design was that tree inventories on the plots could be linked to previous inventories in the region, and recruitment rates and species composition of the seedlings in the subplots could be compared to species composition and distribution of the adult trees in the surrounding forest.


SAMPLING

Each new seedling (any plant less than 2 m tall and including propagules that have leaves and have begun to take root) in the subplot was fitted with a numbered pigeon tag, the number and species were recorded, and height to the nearest centimeter (cm) was measured from ground level up to the growing meristem between the two topmost petioles for hardwood species and to the highest green surface for palms. A small wire twistie was affixed to one of the topmost petioles, the distance (cm) between the the new twistie and the next most recent twistie was measured, and the number of leaf scars formed since the last measurement was noted as number of nodes. The earlier twistie was then removed. The total number of nodes back to the top of the propagule was sometimes noted (for instance, if there was no twistie still attached). In order to increase our sample size for growth and survival estimates, we also tagged and monitored at least 5 additional seedlings of Rhizophora apiculata and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza. These seedlings were outside the subplot but within the quadrat, no further than 10 m from the point, were selected haphazardly, and were as close to 50 cm in height as possible (minimum height for a successfully established mangrove propagule). When one of these died, another was chosen to replace it. Measurements were made once a year. Canopy cover over each additional seedling (outside the subplots) was also noted.


For complete details see Ewel and Baldwin (2022).
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Ewel, Katherine C.
Originator: Baldwin, James A.
Publication_Date: 2022
Title:
Long-term patterns of growth and survival of mangrove seedlings in Micronesia
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Hydrobiologia
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-022-05041-1
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Data from each year was combined and seedling id matched to construct history.
Process_Date: Unknown
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Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
Overview_Description:
Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
Below you will find a list and description of the files included in this data publication.

VARIABLE DESCRIPTION FILE (1)

1. \Data\_variable_descriptions.csv: Comma-separated values (CSV) file containing a list and description of variables found in all data files. (A description of these variables is also provided in the metadata below.)

Columns include:

Filename = name of data file
Variable = name of variable
Units = units (if applicable)
Precision = precision (if applicable)
Description = description of variable


DATA FILES (1)

1. \Data\Mangrove_seedlings_data.csv: CSV file containing seedling data for multiple species of mangroves, but mainly Bruguiera gymnorrhiza and Rhizophora apiculata.

Variables include:

PlotType = Type of plot: Additional or Subplot

Species = Name of species
BARA = Barringtonia racemosa
BRGY = Bruguiera gymnorrhiza
CONU = Cocos nucifera
NYFR = Nypa fruticans
RHAP = Rhizophora apiculata
RHMU = Rhizophora mucronata
SOAL = Sonneratia alba
UNK = Unknown
XYGR = Xylocarpus granatum

Year = Year of data collection [YYYY]: 1996-2004

River = Name of river
FI = Finkol
OK = Okat
UT = Utwe
YE = Yela

Zone = Name of hydrogeomorphic zone
FR = Fringe
IN = Interior
RI = Riverine

Point = Point within plot: 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5

Subpoint = Subplot within plot: 1, 2, 3, and 4 but only if SeedlingType = Subplot; otherwise field left empty

Distance = Seedling location distance in meters from plot center point (meters). -99 indicates missing value.

Azimuth = Seedling location angle in degrees from North (0 to 358). -99 indicates missing values.

Seedling = Seedling identification number

Height = Height of seedling in cm (centimeters). Seedlings larger than 200 cm are coded as -44. Missing heights coded as -99. If the seedling was dead the height was not recorded but was coded as -88.

NGrow = Growth between leaf scars at beginning and end of measurement period (cm). -99 indicates missing data, -88 indicates newly dead, -77 indicates twist tie missing, -55 indicates other damage, -22 indicates a new seedling.

NNode = Number of leaf scars produced since last measurement. -99 indicates missing data, -77 indicates twist tie missing, -11 indicates woody.

TNode = Total number of leaf scars. -99 indicates missing data, -77 indicates twist tie missing, -11 indicates woody.

Status = Status of seedling
0 = dead
1 = alive

CanopyCover = Canopy cover measured as: 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 1.9, 2, where 0 = open canopy and 2=closed canopy. Typically the values are 0, 1, and 2 but there were a few for which those integer values didn’t seem adequate and were given fractional values.

Remarks = Remarks from field notes
Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:
Ewel, Katherine C.; Baldwin, James A. 2022. Long-term patterns of growth and survival of mangrove seedlings in Micronesia. Hydrobiologia. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-022-05041-1
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Distribution_Information:
Distributor:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: USDA Forest Service, Research and Development
Contact_Position: Research Data Archivist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 240 West Prospect Road
City: Fort Collins
State_or_Province: CO
Postal_Code: 80526
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: see Contact Instructions
Contact Instructions: This contact information was current as of May 2023. For current information see Contact Us page on: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS.
Resource_Description: RDS-2022-0069
Distribution_Liability:
Metadata documents have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness. Unless otherwise stated, all data and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. However, neither the author, the Archive, nor any part of the federal government can assure the reliability or suitability of these data for a particular purpose. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed for a user's application of these data or related materials.

The metadata, data, or related materials may be updated without notification. If a user believes errors are present in the metadata, data or related materials, please use the information in (1) Identification Information: Point of Contact, (2) Metadata Reference: Metadata Contact, or (3) Distribution Information: Distributor to notify the author or the Archive of the issues.
Standard_Order_Process:
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: CSV
Format_Version_Number: see Format Specification
Format_Specification:
Comma-separated values file
File_Decompression_Technique: Files zipped with 7-Zip 19.0
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2022-0069
Fees: None
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Metadata_Reference_Information:
Metadata_Date: 20230518
Metadata_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: University of Florida
Contact_Person: Kathy Ewel
Contact_Position: Retired professor
Contact_Voice_Telephone: None
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 352-682-2956
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: kewel@ufl.edu
Contact Instructions: This contact information was current as of October 2022.
Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Biological Data Profile of the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001.1-1999
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