Multi-scale analyses of wildland fire combustion processes: Small-scale field experiments – Transportable Analyzer for Calorimetry Outside (TACO)

Metadata:
Identification_Information:
Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Campbell-Lochrie, Zakary J.
Originator: Hadden, Rory M.
Originator: Mueller, Eric V.
Originator: Walker-Ravena, Carlos
Originator: Gallagher, Michael R.
Originator: Clark, Kenneth L.
Originator: Hom, John L.
Originator: Kremens, Robert L.
Originator: Cole, Jason A.
Originator: Patterson, Matthew M.
Originator: Everland, Alexis I.
Originator: Skowronski, Nicholas S.
Publication_Date: 2022
Title:
Multi-scale analyses of wildland fire combustion processes: Small-scale field experiments – Transportable Analyzer for Calorimetry Outside (TACO)
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Fort Collins, CO
Publisher: Forest Service Research Data Archive
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2022-0082
Description:
Abstract:
The United States Department of Defense (DoD) Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) funded project: "Multi-scale Analyses of Wildland Fire Combustion Processes in Open-canopied Forests using Coupled and Iteratively Informed Laboratory-, Field-, and Model-based Approaches (RC-2641)" small-scale field experiments were designed to investigate how contrasting fuel conditions (e.g., fuel load, particle type, bulk density), fire spread type (e.g., heading vs. backing), and ambient conditions (e.g., seasonality, moisture, flow, temperature) influenced physical processes associated with combustion (e.g., heat transfer, flame propagation, flow) and the scale-dependent coupling of these processes. Additionally, these experiments provide 1) a linkage between small-scale laboratory combustion experiments and large-scale operational prescribed fires, and 2) archived datasets for further model development and evaluation. Our experimental design incorporates complementary approaches, methods, and instrumentation employed at these other scales, to quantify critical properties of the experimental fires’ physics domains (e.g., fuels and ambient conditions) and processes associated with combustion (e.g., heat transfer, flame propagation, flow). The small-scale field experiments include a series of highly instrumented, intermediate-scale experiments conducted on 100 square meter plots at the Silas Little Experimental Forest, New Lisbon, New Jersey.

This dataset contains data collected in 2018 and 2019 from a Transportable Analyzer for Calorimetry Outside (TACO). TACO measurements were conducted at a single measurement location within the plot. The TACO system consists of an exhaust collection hood and duct, with a gas sample line extracting from the duct. The TACO exhaust duct was not operational until burn 8. From burns 8-13 (6 burns) the exhaust duct radius was 0.1016 meters (m). After burn 13 the exhaust duct was altered changing the duct radius to 0.0508 m for burns 14-35 (15 burns). The exhaust duct pressure difference was measured using a 25-millimeter (mm) diameter bi-directional pressure probe connected to a Sensirion SDP810-125Pa air pressure sensor. The exhaust gas temperature was measured using a 0.25 mm K-type thermocouple. Oxygen concentration was measured using an AO2 CiTiceL oxygen cell, while carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide concentrations were measured using a Non-Dispersive Infrared Sensor (NDIR) on the Crestline Instruments 7911 Automotive Gas Analyzer. These data were collected at 1 hertz (Hz).
Purpose:
Many DoD facilities utilize low intensity prescribed fire to manage hazardous fuels, restore ecological function and historic fire regimes, and encourage the recovery of threatened and endangered species in the forests they manage. Current predictive models used to simulate fire behavior during low-intensity prescribed fires (and wildfires) are empirically based, simplistic, and fail to adequately predict fire outcomes because they do not account for variability in fuel characteristics and interactions with important meteorological variables. This study used a suite of measurements at the fuel particle, fuel bed, field plot, and stand scales to quantify how variability in fuel characteristics and key meteorological factors interact to drive fire behavior during low intensity prescribed burns. These experiments were designed to inform the development and evaluation of physics-based models that explicitly account for combustion, turbulent transfer, and energy exchange by coupling and scaling individual component processes. These datasets provide measurements to improve the understanding of, and ability to accurately predict, fire behavior under a wide range of management scenarios.
Supplemental_Information:
A summary of the SERDP Project RC-2641 can be found at the RC-2641 Project Overview (serdp-estcp.org): https://www.serdp-estcp.org/Program-Areas/Resource-Conservation-and-Resiliency/Air-Quality/Fire-Emissions/RC-2641.

Please reference the plot layout and documentation data publication (Gallagher et al. 2022) as these data provide burn summaries, detailed descriptions of data collected, and the locations of sensors within each burn.
Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 201805
Ending_Date: 201905
Currentness_Reference:
Observed
Status:
Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned
Spatial_Domain:
Description_of_Geographic_Extent:
Field experiments were conducted at the United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Silas Little Experimental Forest, located in New Lisbon, New Jersey at approximately 39.917740 north latitude -74.596422 west longitude within the New Jersey Pinelands National Reserve.
Bounding_Coordinates:
West_Bounding_Coordinate: -74.59796
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -74.59502
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 39.91825
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 39.91591
Keywords:
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Theme_Keyword: fire behavior
Theme_Keyword: fire spread
Theme_Keyword: combustion
Theme_Keyword: computational fluid dynamics
Theme_Keyword: aerodynamic drag
Theme_Keyword: fuel structure and loading
Theme_Keyword: heat flux
Theme_Keyword: prescribed burn
Theme_Keyword: prescribed energy release
Theme_Keyword: temperature
Theme_Keyword: calorimetry
Theme_Keyword: oxygen concentration
Theme_Keyword: carbon dioxide concentrations
Theme_Keyword: carbon monoxide concentrations
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: biota
Theme_Keyword: climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere
Theme_Keyword: environment
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: National Research & Development Taxonomy
Theme_Keyword: Fire
Theme_Keyword: Fire suppression, pre-suppression
Theme_Keyword: Prescribed fire
Theme_Keyword: Smoke
Theme_Keyword: Wildland/urban interface
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Place_Keyword: Silas Little Experimental Forest
Place_Keyword: New Jersey
Place_Keyword: Burlington County
Place_Keyword: Pinelands National Reserve
Place_Keyword: PNR
Place_Keyword: Pine Barrens
Place_Keyword: NJPB
Place_Keyword: Pine Lands
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:
These data were collected using funding from the U.S. Government and can be used without additional permissions or fees. If you use these data in a publication, presentation, or other research product please use the citation below when citing the data product:

Campbell-Lochrie, Zakary J.; Hadden, Rory M.; Mueller, Eric V.; Walker-Ravena, Carlos; Gallagher, Michael R.; Clark, Kenneth L.; Hom, John L.; Kremens, Robert L.; Cole, Jason A.; Patterson, Matthew M.; Everland, Alexis I.; Skowronski, Nicholas S. 2022. Multi-scale analyses of wildland fire combustion processes: Small-scale field experiments – Transportable Analyzer for Calorimetry Outside (TACO). Fort Collins, CO: Forest Service Research Data Archive. https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2022-0082
Point_of_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Nicholas Skowronski
Contact_Organization: USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 180 Canfield St.
City: Morgantown
State_or_Province: WV
Postal_Code: 26505
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 304-285-1507
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: nicholas.s.skowronski@usda.gov
Data_Set_Credit:
Funding for this project provided by Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP RC-2641): https://www.serdp-estcp.org/Program-Areas/Resource-Conservation-and-Resiliency/Air-Quality/Fire-Emissions. Salary funding also provided by USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.


Author Information:

Campbell-Lochrie, Zakary J.
University of Edinburgh (PhD student)
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8055-0405

Hadden, Rory M. (Co-PI)
University of Edinburgh
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6985-8900

Mueller, Eric V.
University of Edinburgh (Post-Doc)
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0838-6820

Walker-Ravena, Carlos
University of Edinburgh (PhD student)
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8340-4216

Gallagher, Michael R. (Co-PI)
USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0175-558X

Clark, Kenneth L. (Co-PI)
USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0534-9677

Hom, John L. (Co-PI)
USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2572-852X

Kremens, Robert L. (Co-PI)
Rochester Institute of Technology

Cole, Jason A.
USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station (Data Manager)
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2678-3624

Patterson, Matthew M.
USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station (Research Technician)
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5115-4438

Everland, Alexis I.
Tall Timbers Research Station (Research Technician)
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1253-6967

Skowronski, Nicholas S. (PI)
USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5801-5614
Security_Information:
Security_Classification: Unclassified
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Gallagher, Michael R.
Originator: Skowronski, Nicholas S.
Originator: Hadden, Rory M.
Originator: Mueller, Eric V.
Originator: Clark, Kenneth L.
Originator: Campbell-Lochrie, Zakary J.
Originator: Walker-Ravena, Carlos
Originator: Kremens, Robert L.
Originator: Everland, Alexis I.
Originator: Patterson, Matthew M.
Originator: Cole, Jason A.
Originator: Heilman, Warren E.
Originator: Charney, Joseph J.
Originator: Bian, Xindi
Originator: Mell, William E.
Originator: Hom, John L.
Originator: Im, Seong-kyun
Originator: Kiefer, Michael T.
Originator: Zhong, Shiyuan
Originator: Simeoni, Albert J.
Originator: Rangwala, Ali
Originator: Di Cristina, Giovanni
Publication_Date: 2022
Title:
Multi-scale analyses of wildland fire combustion processes: Small-scale field experiments - plot layout and documentation
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Fort Collins, CO
Publisher: Forest Service Research Data Archive
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2022-0079
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Data_Quality_Information:
Attribute_Accuracy:
Attribute_Accuracy_Report:
All data were collected at a rate of 1 Hz and logged to a Raspberry Pi single-board computer. The collected data included concentrations of oxygen (O₂), carbon dioxide (CO₂) and carbon monoxide (CO) within the gas sampled from the TACO exhaust duct. The pressure difference and gas temperature within the exhaust duct were also measured at a single sampling location.

For flow measurements within the duct, Sensirion SDP 810-125 PA air pressure sensors were used with factory calibrations, with reported zero-point accuracy of 0.08 pascal (Pa) and a span accuracy of 3% of the reading. Exhaust gas temperatures were measured using K-type thermocouples and an Analog Devices AD8495 thermocouple amplifier. K-type (Nickel Chromium) thermocouples have a maximum range of -200 to 1250 °Celsius (°C).

CO and CO₂ were measured using a Non-Dispersive Infrared Sensor (NDIR) on the Crestline Instruments 7911 Automotive Gas Analyzer, with factory calibrations. The reported T90 response time is less than 3.5 seconds for both CO and CO₂. For CO, an accuracy of ± 0.02% absolute or ± 3% relative is reported for a CO range of 0.00% to 10.0%, while for CO₂ an accuracy of ± 0.3% absolute or ± 3% relative is reported for a CO₂ range of 0.00% to 16%.

O₂ was measured using an AO2 CiTiceL with factory calibrations. A resolution of 0.01% is reported with a T90 response time of less than 5 seconds.

All data were manually inspected. All data are included with a DIAG code to identify suspect data. It is the user’s responsibility to determine if the data are adequate for their study. See the included TACO_Error.csv for amount of data missing from each file.

Note: If the sensor malfunctioned for the entire burn period, no data were archived.
Logical_Consistency_Report:
The data are logically consistent. The consistency was verified as part of the quality assurance that occurred during data analysis. All data were manually inspected, assigning a DIAG code to data that looks suspect. All data are included with a DIAG code to identify suspect data. It is the user’s responsibility to evaluate if the data are adequate for their study.
Completeness_Report:
Data are considered complete. Data were archived based on the archive start time and the archive end time where data were available. The archive start time begins fifteen minutes before the burn start time. The burn start was determined from infrared camera data collected on the center tower when a temperature of 300 °C was first detected. The archive end time was the last time the infrared camera detected 300 °C or greater. All data collected during the archive time are included. Null or missing data are represented by NaN (not a number). NaN values were caused by instrument or data logger error and no data are available. See the included TACO_Error.csv for the amount of data missing from each file. Burns 8-13 are missing TIMESTAMP due to a data logger issue. The approximate date and time for these burns can be found in the plot layout and documentation data publication (Gallagher et al. 2022) as that dataset provides a detailed description of the data collected and a summary of the conditions during the burn periods. The approximate start time can be used with the collection frequency (Hz) and record number for general analysis. If a sensor was not operational or malfunctioned for the entire burn period, no data were archived.

Sensor not operational:
Burns 1-7

Sensor malfunction:
Burns 15-17
Burn 19
Burns 21-22
Burn 33
Lineage:
Methodology:
Methodology_Type: Field
Methodology_Description:
The TACO measurement system is designed as an outdoor calorimetry device for use in field-based fire experiments, however such an approach remains developmental in nature. Buoyancy-driven collection of combustion products was conducted using a collection hood and exhaust duct. A single measurement location was chosen in order to co-locate the TACO with the load cells, in order to allow comparison of the fuel consumption/energy production. The TACO exhaust duct was altered after burn 13, so for burns 8-13 the exhaust duct radius was 0.1016 m and for burns 14-35 the duct radius was 0.0508 m. The temperature of the exhaust gases was measured using a K-type thermocouple, while the pressure difference in the duct was measured using a bi-directional pressure probe similar to those described by McCaffrey and Heskestad (1976).

Sampling of the exhaust flow allowed gas analysis in order to determine the concentrations of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide. Along with the flow characterization, these measurements provide the basis for Oxygen Consumption Calorimetry (OCC) analysis to be performed. OCC is commonly used within many laboratory-based fire experiments and is based upon the Thornton principle and has been described in detail by Janssens (1991) among others.

For more details about the study design, plot layout and documentation see Gallagher et al. (2022).
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: McCaffrey, Bernard J.
Originator: Heskestad, Gunnar
Publication_Date: 1976
Title:
A robust bidirectional low-velocity probe for flame and fire application
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Combustion and Flame
Issue_Identification: 26: 125-127
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-2180(76)90062-6
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Janssens, Marc L.
Publication_Date: 1991
Title:
Measuring rate of heat release by oxygen consumption
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Fire Technology
Issue_Identification: 27(3): 234
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01038449
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Gallagher, Michael R.
Originator: Skowronski, Nicholas S.
Originator: Hadden, Rory M.
Originator: Mueller, Eric V.
Originator: Clark, Kenneth L.
Originator: Campbell-Lochrie, Zakary J.
Originator: Walker-Ravena, Carlos,
Originator: Kremens, Robert L.
Originator: Everland, Alexis I.
Originator: Patterson, Matthew M.
Originator: Cole, Jason A.
Originator: Heilman, Warren E.
Originator: Charney, Joseph J.
Originator: Bian, Xindi,
Originator: Mell, William E.
Originator: Hom, John L.
Originator: Im, Seong-kyun
Originator: Kiefer, Michael T.
Originator: Zhong, Shiyuan,
Originator: Simeoni, Albert J.
Originator: Rangwala, Ali
Originator: Di Cristina, Giovanni
Publication_Date: 2022
Title:
Multi-scale analyses of wildland fire combustion processes: Small-scale field experiments - plot layout and documentation
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Fort Collins, CO
Publisher: Forest Service Research Data Archive
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2022-0079
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
The presented data were subject to the following processing steps. The absolute value of the measured pressure difference in the exhaust duct has been presented, such that it is non-directional, as the flow channels were unintentionally reversed for some burns. Some negative concentrations are recorded for CO and CO₂ since the NDIR analyzer was zeroed at ambient air conditions, and additionally some drifting may occur. The data were collected at 1 Hz. A Python script was used to cut the file to the specified time of interest. The script also added missing records filing the TIMSTAMP and RECORD fields with the correct values and all other fields with NaN (not a number) so the time series between sensors would match.

A second Python script was used to create an error table identifying the percentage of missing data or data with suspect values using NaN vales and the diagnostic codes, respectively.

HTML graphics were created to give the user a visual representation of the data using Plotly’s Python graphing library (https://plotly.com/python/). The Python script plotted variables with a valid diagnostic code over time.
Process_Date: Unknown
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Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
Overview_Description:
Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
Below you will find a list and description of the files included in this data publication.


INFORMATIONAL FILES (1)

\SERDP_10x10_UsersGuide.pdf: Portable Document Format (PDF) file describing the SERDP 10x10 experiments including the location, plot layout data collected, and sensors used.


DATA FILES (43)

\Data\SERDP_10x10_TACO_Raw\Burn##_TACO.csv: Comma-separated values (CSV) files (21) containing gas concentrations of oxygen (O₂), carbon dioxide (CO₂), and carbon monoxide (CO) in buoyant plumes collected at a single measurement location within the plot. The gas phase temperature and pressure difference within the exhaust duct, from which gas sampling occurred, are also provided. There is one .csv file per TACO per burn (## = 08-25).

Variables include:

TIMESTAMP = Datetime in yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss.0, where yyyy = year, MM = month, dd = day, hh = hour, mm = minutes, and ss.0 = seconds. Local (EST) time adjusted for daylight savings. (NaN = collection error, no data available) - Note in Excel, set the specified format (yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss.0) using the custom category to view the data correctly.

RECORD = Unique record identifier to be used when TIMESTAMP data were not collected. The record number is used preserve the order of collection where timestamp is missing.

O2 = Sampled oxygen (O₂) concentration (percent (%)) of exhaust gas. Measured by 3 electrode O₂ cell.

CO2 = Sampled carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentration (%) of exhaust gas. Measured by NDIR Analyzer.

CO = Sampled carbon monoxide (CO) concentration (%) of exhaust gas. Measured by NDIR Analyzer.

TMP = Sampled exhaust gas temperature (°C). Measured by 0.25 mm K-Type Thermocouple.

DP = Sampled exhaust flow pressure difference in Pascals. Measured by Bi-Directional Pressure Probe.

DIAG = Diagnostic code (0 = valid, 1 = invalid measurement). Simple diagnostic check to ensure all sensors recorded valid measurement at a given time step. Incomplete readings were marked as invalid.


\Data\SERDP_10x10_TACO_Raw\TACO_Error.csv: CSV file (1) for all burns that identifies the percentage of missing data and data with suspect diagnostic codes.

Variables include:

BURN = Numeric value identifying an individual burn.

SENSOR = Sensor location.

CAMPAIGN = Field campaign – numeric value identifying a series of burns collected during an in individual collection period. Identifies a unique sensor setup.

BURN_GRP = Burn group – numeric value identifying an individual burn day.

MISS_AT_START = Missing time (seconds (s)) from the archive start time (referenced in the plot layout and documentation data publication (Gallagher et al. 2022) until the start of data collection.

MISS_BT_START = Missing time (s) from the burn start time (referenced in the plot layout and documentation data publication (Gallagher et al. 2022) until the start of data collection.

MISS_AT_END = Missing time (s) from the end of data collection to the archive end time (referenced in the plot layout and documentation data publication (Gallagher et al. 2022).

O2_ERROR = Sampled oxygen (O₂) error (percent). The percent of NaN values during data collection.

CO2_ERROR = Sampled carbon dioxide (CO₂) error (%). The percent of NaN values during data collection.

CO_ERROR = Sampled carbon monoxide (CO) error (%). The percent of NaN values during data collection.

TMP_ERROR = Sampled exhaust gas temperature error (%). The percent of NaN values during data collection.

DP_ERROR = Sampled exhaust flow pressure difference error (%). The percent of NaN values during data collection.

DIAG_ERROR = Diagnostic error (%). The percent of data where DIAG code was not equal to zero.


\Data\SERDP_10x10_TACO_Raw\TACO_Graphs\Burn##_TACO_DIAG.html: HyperText Markup Language (HTML) files (21) containing a visual representation of the TACO data. The graphs show all TACO data for a burn with no known issues (DIAG = 0). These are three axis graphs which include oxygen (O₂), carbon dioxide (CO₂), and carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations, temperature (TMP) and differential pressure (DP). There is one .html file per TACO per burn (## = 08-35).



SUPPLEMENTAL FILES (4)

\Supplements\SERDP_10x10_TACO\1908-ao2_ao3.pdf: PDF file containing the product manual for the AO2 CiTiceL sensor.

\Supplements\SERDP_10x10_TACO\AD8494_8495_8496_8497.pdf: PDF file containing the product manual for the Analog Devices AD8495 sensor.

\Supplements\SERDP_10x10_TACO\NDIR_Product_Manual.pdf: PDF file containing the product manual for the Crestline NDIR 7911 sensor.

\Supplements\SERDP_10x10_TACO\seri_s_a0008130567_1-2291061.pdf: PDF file containing the product manual for the SDP 810-125 Sensirion sensor.


Additionally, please reference the plot layout and documentation data publication (Gallagher et al. 2022) as that dataset provides the sensor locations of each burn, a detailed description of the data collected and a summary of the conditions during the burn periods.
Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:
Gallagher, Michael R.; Skowronski, Nicholas S.; Hadden, Rory M.; Mueller, Eric V.; Clark, Kenneth L.; Campbell-Lochrie,Zakary J.; Walker-Ravena, Carlos; Kremens, Robert L.; Everland, Alexis I.; Patterson, Matthew M.; Cole, Jason A.; Heilman, Warren E.; Charney, Joseph J.; Bian, Xindi; Mell, William E.; Hom, John L.; Im, Seong-kyun; Kiefer, Michael T.; Zhong, Shiyuan; Simeoni, Albert J.; Rangwala, Ali; Di Cristina, Giovanni. 2022. Multi-scale analyses of wildland fire combustion processes: Small-scale field experiments - plot layout and documentation. Fort Collins, CO: Forest Service Research Data Archive. https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2022-0079
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Distribution_Information:
Distributor:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: USDA Forest Service, Research and Development
Contact_Position: Research Data Archivist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 240 West Prospect Road
City: Fort Collins
State_or_Province: CO
Postal_Code: 80526
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: see Contact Instructions
Contact Instructions: This contact information was current as of October 2022. For current information see Contact Us page on: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS.
Resource_Description: RDS-2022-0082
Distribution_Liability:
Metadata documents have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness. Unless otherwise stated, all data and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. However, neither the author, the Archive, nor any part of the federal government can assure the reliability or suitability of these data for a particular purpose. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed for a user's application of these data or related materials.

The metadata, data, or related materials may be updated without notification. If a user believes errors are present in the metadata, data or related materials, please use the information in (1) Identification Information: Point of Contact, (2) Metadata Reference: Metadata Contact, or (3) Distribution Information: Distributor to notify the author or the Archive of the issues.
Standard_Order_Process:
Digital_Form:
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Format_Name: CSV
Format_Version_Number: see Format Specification
Format_Specification:
Comma-separated values file
File_Decompression_Technique: Files zipped with 7-Zip 19.0
Digital_Transfer_Option:
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Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2022-0082
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: HTML
Format_Version_Number: see Format Specification
Format_Specification:
HyperText Markup Language file
File_Decompression_Technique: Files zipped with 7-Zip 19.0
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Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2022-0082
Digital_Form:
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Format_Name: PDF
Format_Version_Number: see Format Specifications
Format_Specification:
Portable Document Format file
File_Decompression_Technique: Files zipped with 7-Zip 19.0
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Metadata_Reference_Information:
Metadata_Date: 20221014
Metadata_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Nicholas Skowronski
Contact_Organization: USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 180 Canfield St.
City: Morgantown
State_or_Province: WV
Postal_Code: 26505
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 304-285-1507
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: nicholas.s.skowronski@usda.gov
Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Biological Data Profile of the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001.1-1999
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