Multi-scale analyses of wildland fire combustion processes: Small-scale field experiments – terrestrial laser scans

Metadata:
Identification_Information:
Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Skowronski, Nicholas S.
Originator: Charney, Joseph J.
Originator: Gallagher, Michael R.
Originator: Cole, Jason A.
Originator: Campbell-Lochrie, Zakary J.
Originator: Walker-Ravena, Carlos
Originator: Mueller, Eric V.
Originator: Everland, Alexis I.
Originator: Patterson, Matthew M.
Publication_Date: 2022
Title:
Multi-scale Analyses of Wildland Fire Combustion Processes: Small-Scale Field Experiments – terrestrial laser scans
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster and tabular digital data
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Fort Collins, CO
Publisher: Forest Service Research Data Archive
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2022-0084
Description:
Abstract:
The United States Department of Defense (DoD) Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) funded project: "Multi-scale Analyses of Wildland Fire Combustion Processes in Open-canopied Forests using Coupled and Iteratively Informed Laboratory-, Field-, and Model-based Approaches (RC-2641)" small-scale field experiments were designed to investigate how contrasting fuel conditions (e.g., fuel load, particle type, bulk density), fire spread type (e.g., heading vs. backing), and ambient conditions (e.g., seasonality, moisture, flow, temperature) influenced physical processes associated with combustion (e.g., heat transfer, flame propagation, flow) and the scale-dependent coupling of these processes. Additionally, these experiments provide 1) a linkage between small-scale laboratory combustion experiments and large-scale operational prescribed fires, and 2) archived datasets for further model development and evaluation. Our experimental design incorporates complementary approaches, methods, and instrumentation employed at these other scales, to quantify critical properties of the experimental fires’ physics domains (e.g., fuels and ambient conditions) and processes associated with combustion (e.g., heat transfer, flame propagation, flow). The small-scale field experiments include a series of highly instrumented, intermediate-scale experiments conducted on 100 square meter plots at the Silas Little Experimental Forest, New Lisbon, New Jersey.

This dataset contains terrestrial laser scans (TLS) of 31 burn plots collected in 2018 and 2019 using a FARO Focus 3D X 330 TLS. For each burn a scan was taken at each corner of the burn block before ignition (pre-burn), and after the completion (post-burn). The corner scans for the pre- and post-scans were merged to create a single pre- and post-scan. Additional mineral soil scans were taken for the 2019 burns where all burned and unburned material was removed before the first burn of the day. TLS data were used to map instrument locations, evaluate fuel characteristics and evaluate changes in fuel loading.
Purpose:
Many DoD facilities utilize low intensity prescribed fire to manage hazardous fuels, restore ecological function and historic fire regimes, and encourage the recovery of threatened and endangered species in the forests they manage. Current predictive models used to simulate fire behavior during low-intensity prescribed fires (and wildfires) are empirically based, simplistic, and fail to adequately predict fire outcomes because they do not account for variability in fuel characteristics and interactions with important meteorological variables. This study used a suite of measurements at the fuel particle, fuel bed, field plot, and stand scales to quantify how variability in fuel characteristics and key meteorological factors interact to drive fire behavior during low intensity prescribed burns. These experiments were designed to inform the development and evaluation of physics-based models that explicitly account for combustion, turbulent transfer, and energy exchange by coupling and scaling individual component processes. These datasets provide measurements to improve the understanding of, and ability to accurately predict, fire behavior under a wide range of management scenarios.
Supplemental_Information:
A summary of the SERDP Project RC-2641 can be found at the RC-2641 Project Overview (serdp-estcp.org): https://www.serdp-estcp.org/Program-Areas/Resource-Conservation-and-Resiliency/Air-Quality/Fire-Emissions/RC-2641.

Please reference the plot layout and documentation data publication (Gallagher et al. 2022) as these data provide the sensor locations of each burn, a detailed description of data collected and a burn summary.
Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 201803
Ending_Date: 201905
Currentness_Reference:
Observed
Status:
Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned
Spatial_Domain:
Description_of_Geographic_Extent:
Field experiments were conducted at the United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Silas Little Experimental Forest, located in New Lisbon, New Jersey at approximately 39.917740 north latitude -74.596422 west longitude within the New Jersey Pinelands National Reserve.
Bounding_Coordinates:
West_Bounding_Coordinate: -74.59796
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -74.59502
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 39.91825
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 39.91591
Keywords:
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Theme_Keyword: fire behavior
Theme_Keyword: fire spread
Theme_Keyword: combustion
Theme_Keyword: computational fluid dynamics
Theme_Keyword: aerodynamic drag
Theme_Keyword: fuel structure and loading
Theme_Keyword: heat fluxes
Theme_Keyword: prescribed burn
Theme_Keyword: fuel consumption
Theme_Keyword: fuel consumption
Theme_Keyword: fuel load
Theme_Keyword: fuel bed depth
Theme_Keyword: terrestrial laser scan
Theme_Keyword: TLS
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: biota
Theme_Keyword: climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere
Theme_Keyword: environment
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: National Research & Development Taxonomy
Theme_Keyword: Fire
Theme_Keyword: Fire suppression, pre-suppression
Theme_Keyword: Smoke
Theme_Keyword: Wildland/urban interface
Theme_Keyword: Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment
Theme_Keyword: Ecology
Theme_Keyword: Fire ecology
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Place_Keyword: Silas Little Experimental Forest
Place_Keyword: New Jersey
Place_Keyword: Burlington County
Place_Keyword: Pinelands National Reserve
Place_Keyword: PNR
Place_Keyword: Pine Barrens
Place_Keyword: NJPB
Place_Keyword: Pine Lands
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:
These data were collected using funding from the U.S. Government and can be used without additional permissions or fees. If you use these data in a publication, presentation, or other research product please use the citation below when citing the data product:

Skowronski, Nicholas S.; Charney, Joseph J; Gallagher, Michael R.; Cole, Jason A.; Campbell-Lochrie, Zakary J.; Walker-Ravena, Carlos; Mueller, Eric V.; Everland, Alexis I.; Patterson, Matthew M. 2022. Multi-scale analyses of wildland fire combustion processes: Small-scale field experiments – terrestrial laser scans. Fort Collins, CO: Forest Service Research Data Archive. https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2022-0084
Point_of_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Nicholas Skowronski
Contact_Organization: USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 180 Canfield St.
City: Morgantown
State_or_Province: WV
Postal_Code: 26505
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 304-285-1507
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: nicholas.s.skowronski@usda.gov
Data_Set_Credit:
Funding for this project provided by Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP RC-2641): https://www.serdp-estcp.org/Program-Areas/Resource-Conservation-and-Resiliency/Air-Quality/Fire-Emissions. Salary funding also provided by USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.


Author Information:

Skowronski, Nicholas S.
USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station
https://orcid.org/ 0000-0002-5801-5614

Charney, Joseph J.
USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station

Gallagher, Michael R.
USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station
https://orcid.org/ 0000-0003-0175-558X

Cole, Jason A.
USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2678-3624

Campbell-Lochrie, Zakary J.
University of Edinburgh (PhD Student)
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8055-0405

Walker-Ravena, Carlos
University of Edinburgh (PhD student)
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8340-4216

Mueller, Eric V.
University of Edinburgh (Post Doc)
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0838-6820

Everland, Alexis I.
Tall Timbers Research Station
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1253-6967

Patterson, Matthew M.
USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5115-4438
Security_Information:
Security_Classification: Unclassified
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Gallagher, Michael R.
Originator: Skowronski, Nicholas S.
Originator: Hadden, Rory M.
Originator: Mueller, Eric V.
Originator: Clark, Kenneth L.
Originator: Campbell-Lochrie, Zakary J.
Originator: Walker-Ravena, Carlos,
Originator: Kremens, Robert L.
Originator: Everland, Alexis I.
Originator: Patterson, Matthew M.
Originator: Cole, Jason A.
Originator: Heilman, Warren E.
Originator: Charney, Joseph J.
Originator: Bian, Xindi,
Originator: Mell, William E.
Originator: Hom, John L.
Originator: Im, Seong-kyun
Originator: Kiefer, Michael T.
Originator: Zhong, Shiyuan,
Originator: Simeoni, Albert J.
Originator: Rangwala, Ali
Originator: Di Cristina, Giovanni
Publication_Date: 2022
Title:
Multi-scale analyses of wildland fire combustion processes: Small-scale field experiments - plot layout and documentation
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Fort Collins, CO
Publisher: Forest Service Research Data Archive
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2022-0079
Analytical_Tool:
Analytical_Tool_Description:
Scene (version 2019.0.1.1653) software was used to view and create sub datasets.
Tool_Access_Information:
Online_Linkage: https://knowledge.faro.com/
Tool_Access_Instructions:
other lidar software could be used, all data archived in LAZ or TIF format
Analytical_Tool:
Analytical_Tool_Description:
Cloud Compare (version 2.9.1) software was used to view and create sub datasets.
Tool_Access_Information:
Online_Linkage: https://www.cloudcompare.org/
Tool_Access_Instructions:
other lidar software could be used, all data archived in LAZ or TIF format
Analytical_Tool:
Analytical_Tool_Description:
LAStools (version 200813) software was used to view and create sub datasets.
Tool_Access_Information:
Online_Linkage: https://rapidlasso.com/lastools/
Tool_Access_Instructions:
other lidar software could be used, all data archived in LAZ or TIF format
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Data_Quality_Information:
Attribute_Accuracy:
Attribute_Accuracy_Report:
A FARO Focus 3D X 330 TLS was used with factory calibrations to collect the TLS data with a reported ranging error of ±2 millimeters (mm). See FARO manual in supplemental files for additional details.
Logical_Consistency_Report:
The data are logically consistent. The consistency was verified as part of the quality assurance that occurred during data analysis. All data were manually inspected. It is the user’s responsibility to decide if the data are adequate for their study.
Completeness_Report:
Data are considered complete. Each burn has a pre- and post-burn point cloud. Starting in 2019 (burns 20-35) a mineral soil scan was collected at the beginning of each day. All processed data are based on these point clouds. If the sensor malfunctioned (burns 10, 14, 15 and 17) no data were archived.
Lineage:
Methodology:
Methodology_Type: Field
Methodology_Description:
A FARO Focus 3D X 330 TLS was used to scan the 4 corners of the burn plot pre-burn and post-burn. Scanner spheres positioned throughout the plot were used to align and merge the scans into a pre-burn point cloud (LAZ) and a post-burn point cloud (LAZ). A mineral soil point cloud (burnable material removed) for burns 20-35 were taken at the beginning of each burn day using similar method to the pre- and post-burn scans. Each point cloud contains X, Y, and Z coordinates for each return from FARO Focus 3D located within burn area. All X, Y, and Z coordinates were shifted and rotated into a local coordinate system where the southwest corner (X,Y) equals (0,0), and the lowest Z coordinate equals 0.

For more details about the study design, plot layout and documentation see Gallagher et al. (2022).
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Gallagher, Michael R.
Originator: Skowronski, Nicholas S.
Originator: Hadden, Rory M.
Originator: Mueller, Eric V.
Originator: Clark, Kenneth L.
Originator: Campbell-Lochrie, Zakary J.
Originator: Walker-Ravena, Carlos,
Originator: Kremens, Robert L.
Originator: Everland, Alexis I.
Originator: Patterson, Matthew M.
Originator: Cole, Jason A.
Originator: Heilman, Warren E.
Originator: Charney, Joseph J.
Originator: Bian, Xindi,
Originator: Mell, William E.
Originator: Hom, John L.
Originator: Im, Seong-kyun
Originator: Kiefer, Michael T.
Originator: Zhong, Shiyuan,
Originator: Simeoni, Albert J.
Originator: Rangwala, Ali
Originator: Di Cristina, Giovanni
Publication_Date: 2022
Title:
Multi-scale analyses of wildland fire combustion processes: Small-scale field experiments - plot layout and documentation
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Fort Collins, CO
Publisher: Forest Service Research Data Archive
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2022-0079
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Raw data pre-processing included the following steps:

Using Scene (version 2019.0.1.1653) software pictures were applied, artificial references were detected, scans were placed, and a point cloud was created.

Using Cloud Compare (version 2.9.1) the point clouds were cropped to remove points outside of study area and merged to create a single pre-burn and postburn (LAZ) file.

Using las2las in LAStools (version 200813) the point clouds were shifted setting the southwest corner X, Y to 0, 0 and setting the lowest Z coordinate to 0. Then the shifted point clouds were rotated on the southwest corner setting the northwest corner X coordinate 0.

The TLS products data are broken into two groups: Pre & Post Delta data, which is the delta between the pre and post scan Z pixel heights, and fuelbed data which is the delta between pre or post scan and mineral soil scans Z pixel heights. The process steps for both groups were as follows:

Using Cloud Compare’s (version 2.9.1) Cloth Simulator Filter (csf filter) ground points and non-ground points were extracted from pre, post and mineral soil point clouds. Using the following parameters, a cloth resolution of 0.1, a max iteration of 500 and a classification threshold of 0.2.

Using Cloud Compare’s Volume/Compute 2.5D tool–pre-burn ground points pixel z values were subtracted from post-burn ground points. For fuel bed data the pre- and post-burn point ground points were subtracted from mineral soil ground points. Negative values indicate a loss, positive values a gain. For both sets of data the pixel size was set at 0.001m by 0.001m, empty cells were interpolated, and the average cell height were the parameters used: to create point cloud.

Using the las2dem tool in LAStools (version 200813) a raster (TIF) was created from the point cloud data.

Using the Spatial Analyst function in ArcGIS (version 10.7.1)

Fuel bed mass (grams/pixel) – apply the following equation to the pre- and post-fuel bed rasters:
expression = ((1092860 * Raster^2) + (57722.81*Raster) - 68.0015) * res
res = 0.0001 square meters
Fuel bed mass (grams/pixel) – take the difference between the post- and pre-mass rasters.

Note: If the sensor malfunctioned for the entire burn period, no data were archived.
Process_Date: Unknown
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Spatial_Reference_Information:
Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
Local:
Local_Description:Terrestrial Laser scan (TLS) data were shifted and rotated using the las2las tool in LAStools (version 200813) shifting the coordinates so the southwest corner X, Y was set to 0,0 and rotating on the southwest corner so the northwest corner X coordinate was set to 0. The Z coordinates were shifted setting the lowest coordinate to 0.
Geodetic_Model:
Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.0000
Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.25722210
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Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
Overview_Description:
Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
Below you will find a list and description of the files included in this data publication.


INFORMATIONAL FILES (1)

\SERDP_10x10_UsersGuide.pdf: Portable Document Format (PDF) file describing the SERDP 10x10 experiments including the location, plot layout data collected, and sensors used.


DATA FILES

TLS Raw Data Files (66)

\Data\SERDP_10x10_TLS_Raw\TLS_BurnScans\Burn##_TLS\Burn##_TLS_Pre.laz: Compressed lidar files (LAZ) (31) created of pre-burn conditions.

\Data\SERDP_10x10_TLS_Raw\TLS_BurnScans\Burn##_TLS\Burn##_TLS_Post.laz: Compressed lidar files (LAZ) (31) created of post-burn conditions.

\Data\SERDP_10x10_TLS_Raw\TLS_MineralSoil\Burn_GRP##_Minsoil.laz: Mineral soil (non-burnable material removed) point cloud (LAZ) files (4) for burns 20-35. Scans were collected at the beginning of each burn day.


TLS Products (190)

Fuelbed Pre & Post Height
\Data\SERDP_10x10_TLS_Products\TLS_HgtDelta\TLS_HgtDelta_Fuelbed\Burn##_TLS_HgtDelta_Fuelbed\Burn##_TLS_Fuelbed_Pre.laz and Burn##_TLS_Fuelbed_Pre_001.tif: Pre-burn to mineral soil delta point cloud (LAZ) files (16) and raster (TIF) files (16) for burns 20-35. This is the Z delta between the pre-burn and mineral soil point clouds. The resolution is 0.01 meters (m) by 0.01 m.

\Data\SERDP_10x10_TLS_Products\TLS_HgtDelta\TLS_HgtDelta_Fuelbed\Burn##_TLS_HgtDelta_Fuelbed\Burn##_TLS_Fuelbed_Post.laz and Burn##_TLS_Fuelbed_Post._001.tif: Post-burn to mineral soil delta point cloud (LAZ) files (16) and raster (TIF) files (16) for burns 20-35. This is the Z delta between the post-burn and mineral soil point clouds. The resolution is 0.01 m by 0.01 m.

Pre & Post Height Delta
\Data\SERDP_10x10_TLS_Products\TLS_HgtDelta\TLS_HgtDelta_PrePost\Burn##_TLS_HgtDelta_PrePost\Burn##_TLS_PrePost_delta_001.laz and Burn##_TLS_PrePost_delta_001.tif: Pre-burn to post-burn delta point cloud (LAZ) files (31) and raster (TIF) files (31) for each burn. The delta between the pre-burn and post-burn Z values. A negative value indicates a loss. Resolution is 0.01 m by 0.01 m.

Mass Fuelbed
\Data\SERDP_10x10_TLS_Products\TLS_Mass\TLS_Mass_Fuelbed\Burn##_TLS_Mass_Fuelbed\Burn##_TLS_Fuelbed_PreMass_001.tif, Burn##_TLS_Fuelbed_PostMass_001.tif: Pre-burn (16) and post-burn (16) fuelbed mass raster (TIF) files for burns 20-35. The units are grams per pixel and the resolution is 0.01 m by 0.01 m.

Pre & Post Mass
\Data\SERDP_10x10_TLS_Products\TLS_Mass\TLS_Mass_PrePost\ Burn##_TLS_Mass_PrePost\Burn##_TLS_PrePost_MassDelta_001.tif: Pre-burn to post-burn mass rasters (TIF) files (31) for each per burn. Shows the mass loss (grams per pixel) and the resolution is 0.01 m by 0.01 m.


TLS Raster Statistics
\Data\SERDP_10x10_TLS_Products\ TLS_RasterStats.csv: Comma-separated values (CSV) file containing the basic statistics of the TLS raster products calculated in ArcGIS (version 10.7.1).

Variables include:

Burn = numeric value identifying an individual burn.
F_TYPE = File type- text description of where the data comes from (PrePost, Fuelbed).
R_TYPE = Raster type (PreMass, PostMass, MassDelta)
MEAN = Mean pixel mass (grams).
STDEV = Standard deviation.



SUPPLEMENTAL FILES (1)

\Supplements\SERDP_10x10_TLS\E1086_FARO_LASER_SCANNER_FOCUS3DX330_MANUAL_EN.pdf: PDF file containing the product manual for the FLIR-A655sc.


Additionally, please reference the plot layout and documentation data publication (Gallagher et al. 2022) as that dataset provides the sensor locations of each burn, a detailed description of the data collected and a summary of the conditions during the burn periods.
Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:
Gallagher, Michael R.; Skowronski, Nicholas S.; Hadden, Rory M.; Mueller, Eric V.; Clark, Kenneth L.; Campbell-Lochrie, Zakary J.; Walker-Ravena, Carlos; Kremens, Robert L.; Everland, Alexis I.; Patterson, Matthew M.; Cole, Jason A.; Heilman, Warren E.; Charney, Joseph J.; Bian, Xindi; Mell, William E.; Hom, John L.; Im, Seong-kyun; Kiefer, Michael T.; Zhong, Shiyuan; Simeoni, Albert J.; Rangwala, Ali; Di Cristina, Giovanni. 2022. Multi-scale analyses of wildland fire combustion processes: Small-scale field experiments - plot layout and documentation. Fort Collins, CO: Forest Service Research Data Archive. https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2022-0079
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Distribution_Information:
Distributor:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: USDA Forest Service, Research and Development
Contact_Position: Research Data Archivist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 240 West Prospect Road
City: Fort Collins
State_or_Province: CO
Postal_Code: 80526
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: see Contact Instructions
Contact Instructions: This contact information was current as of October 2022. For current information see Contact Us page on: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS.
Resource_Description: RDS-2022-0084
Distribution_Liability:
Metadata documents have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness. Unless otherwise stated, all data and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. However, neither the author, the Archive, nor any part of the federal government can assure the reliability or suitability of these data for a particular purpose. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed for a user's application of these data or related materials.

The metadata, data, or related materials may be updated without notification. If a user believes errors are present in the metadata, data or related materials, please use the information in (1) Identification Information: Point of Contact, (2) Metadata Reference: Metadata Contact, or (3) Distribution Information: Distributor to notify the author or the Archive of the issues.
Standard_Order_Process:
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: TIF
Format_Version_Number: see Format Specification
Format_Specification:
Georeferenced Tagged Image File Format file (and associated files)
File_Decompression_Technique: Files zipped with 7-Zip 19.0
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2022-0084
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: CSV
Format_Version_Number: see Format Specification
Format_Specification:
Comma-separated values file
File_Decompression_Technique: Files zipped with 7-Zip 19.0
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2022-0084
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: LAZ
Format_Version_Number: see Format Specification
Format_Specification:
LASzip compressed lidar data
File_Decompression_Technique: Files zipped with 7-Zip 19.0
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2022-0084
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: PDF
Format_Version_Number: see Format Specifications
Format_Specification:
Portable Document Format file
File_Decompression_Technique: Files zipped with 7-Zip 19.0
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2022-0084
Fees: None
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Metadata_Reference_Information:
Metadata_Date: 20221020
Metadata_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Nicholas Skowronski
Contact_Organization: USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station
Contact_Position: Research Forester
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 180 Canfield St.
City: Morgantown
State_or_Province: WV
Postal_Code: 26505
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 304-285-1507
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: nicholas.s.skowronski@usda.gov
Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Biological Data Profile of the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001.1-1999
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https://www.fs.usda.gov/rds/archive/products/RDS-2022-0084/_metadata_RDS-2022-0084.html