Abiotic and biotic attributes of an old field community impacting colonization in response to nutrient addition, litter removal, and consumer exclusion

Metadata:
Identification_Information:
Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Heckman, Robert W.
Publication_Date: 2023
Title:
Abiotic and biotic attributes of an old field community impacting colonization in response to nutrient addition, litter removal, and consumer exclusion
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Fort Collins, CO
Publisher: Forest Service Research Data Archive
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2023-0047
Description:
Abstract:
The data in this package were used to evaluate the direct and indirect impacts of soil nutrients, consumers (foliar fungal pathogens and insect herbivores), and leaf litter on seedling establishment in an old field in Duke Forest Research and Teaching Laboratory (Orange County, North Carolina, USA). Seeds were added to plots in spring 2013 and 2014 and seedling establishment and richness of seedling species were surveyed in both years. Several abiotic and biotic attributes of communities that could influence seedling success were also measured, including seasonal mean soil water availability, seasonal mean ground-level light availability, community-weighted mean percentage of leaf nitrogen, and community-weighted mean percentage of leaf area damaged by fungal diseases and insect herbivores.
Purpose:
Data were collected to understand the drivers of community assembly in early-successional old fields.
Supplemental_Information:
For more information about this study and these data, see Heckman (in press).
Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 201205
Ending_Date: 201410
Currentness_Reference:
Ground condition
Status:
Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As needed
Spatial_Domain:
Description_of_Geographic_Extent:
This study was conducted at Widener Farm, Edeburn Division, Duke Forest Teaching and Research Laboratory, Orange County, North Carolina, USA.
Bounding_Coordinates:
West_Bounding_Coordinate: -79.01961
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -79.01951
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 36.00809
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 36.00801
Bounding_Altitudes:
Altitude_Minimum: 491
Altitude_Maximum: 493
Altitude_Distance_Units: feet
Keywords:
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: biota
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: National Research & Development Taxonomy
Theme_Keyword: Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment
Theme_Keyword: Ecology
Theme_Keyword: Plant ecology
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Theme_Keyword: community assembly
Theme_Keyword: fertilization
Theme_Keyword: insect herbivory
Theme_Keyword: light availability
Theme_Keyword: old fields
Theme_Keyword: plant pathogens
Theme_Keyword: seed addition
Theme_Keyword: top-down, bottom-up
Theme_Keyword: determinants of plant community diversity and structure
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Place_Keyword: North Carolina
Place_Keyword: Piedmont
Place_Keyword: Duke Forest
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:
These data were collected using funding from the U.S. Government and can be used without additional permissions or fees. If you use these data in a publication, presentation, or other research product please use the following citation:

Heckman, Robert W. 2023. Abiotic and biotic attributes of an old field community impacting colonization in response to nutrient addition, litter removal, and consumer exclusion. Fort Collins, CO: Forest Service Research Data Archive. https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2023-0047
Point_of_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Maintaining Resilient Dryland Ecosystems program
Contact_Person: Robert W. Heckman
Contact_Position: Research Botanist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: Shrub Sciences Lab
Address: 369 North 100 West Suite 8
City: Cedar City
State_or_Province: UT
Postal_Code: 84721
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 435-708-0327
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: robert.heckman@usda.gov
Contact Instructions: This contact information was current as of original publication date. For current information see Contact Us page on: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS.
Data_Set_Credit:
This project was funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF-DEB-1311289); University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Alma Holland Beers Scholarship; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill WC Coker Fellowship; and the USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station.


Author Information:

Robert W. Heckman
USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2281-3091
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Heckman, Robert W.
Publication_Date: Unknown
Title:
Consumers and nutrients alter colonization of an old field community independently and by distinct mechanisms
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Journal of Ecology
Other_Citation_Details:
[In press]
Analytical_Tool:
Analytical_Tool_Description:
R package MESS: Miscellaneous Esoteric Statistical Scripts, which is a mixed collection of useful and semi-useful diverse statistical functions.
Tool_Access_Information:
Online_Linkage: http://CRAN.R-project.org/package=MESS
Tool_Access_Instructions:
see website
Tool_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Ekstrøm, C.
Publication_Date: 2016
Title:
MESS: Miscellaneous Esoteric Statistical Scripts
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: software
Other_Citation_Details:
R package version 0.4-3.
Online_Linkage: http://CRAN.R-project.org/package=MESS
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Data_Quality_Information:
Attribute_Accuracy:
Attribute_Accuracy_Report:
Light availability was measured to the nearest micromole (μmol) photosynthetically active radiation meters⁻² second⁻¹(m⁻² s⁻¹). Water availability was measured to the nearest 1% soil water. Community weighted mean foliar damage, insect herbivory, and fungal disease were measured visually to the nearest 1% leaf area damaged and weighted by species relative abundance (ratio of visual cover estimated to nearest 1% to total vegetation cover). Community weighted mean leaf nitrogen (N) was the weighted average of species relative abundance (ratio of visual cover estimated to nearest 1% to total vegetation cover) and % N (measured to nearest 0.01%). Seedling N was measured to the nearest 0.01%.

NOTE: Data are based on averages and calculations and are provided as is (e.g., data were not rounded). In some cases there are a varying number of decimal places provided, which is likely due to rounding in R. Again, data are provided as calculated. Precision for each variable is noted in \Data\_variable_descriptions.csv.
Logical_Consistency_Report:
The data are logically consistent. The consistency was verified as part of the quality assurance that occurred during data analysis. Specifically, exploratory data analysis was performed (box plots and histograms) as well as checks of model assumptions (i.e., homogeneity and normality of residuals). Among variables that were measured in both years, there was no notable variation beyond the normal year-to-year variation that can be expected in field studies.
Completeness_Report:
Four species lacked seedling N due to poor germination or limited growth in the greenhouse. The poor growth species were "Asclepias syriaca" and "Tripsacum dactyloides." Limited growth species were "Solidago pinetorum" and "Symphyotrichum pilosum." As a result, no data are provided for these species. A fifth species "Sorghastrum nutans" did not establish in any plot in the field, so no data are provided for this species either.
Lineage:
Methodology:
Methodology_Type: Field
Methodology_Description:
STUDY DESIGN

This study used a split-plot experimental design. Both (1) soil nutrient supply and (2) access by two important consumer groups—fungal pathogens and insect herbivores—to communities were factorially manipulated for three years at the whole-plot level. At the subplot level, leaf litter was manipulated for two years. This yielded a study that comprised 40 plots (2 nutrient supply levels × 2 consumer access levels × 10 replicate blocks). Each plot included two leaf litter removal subplots, for a total of 80 subplots.

In May 2012, 40 2-meter (m) × 2-m plots separated by 1-m aisles were established and nutrient supply and consumer access treatments began. Soil nutrient supply was manipulated at two levels (fertilized with 10 grams [g] m⁻² year⁻¹ N, Phosphorus [P], and Potassium [K] vs. not fertilized). Consumer (fungal pathogen and insect herbivore) access to plots was manipulated at two levels (sprayed with fungicide and insecticide vs. not sprayed). To do this, all aboveground biomass within a plot was sprayed every 2–3 weeks throughout the main growing season (April–October) with non-systemic, broad-spectrum biocides. Leaf litter was manipulated at two levels (raked to remove all standing dead biomass and leaf litter on the ground vs. unraked). Within each 2-m x 2-m plot, each leaf litter treatment was randomly assigned to one 0.5-m² subplot within the central 1 m² of the plot. This treatment was applied early in the second year of the study (February 2013) and repeated early in the third year (March 2014).


SEED ADDITION

Early in the second year and third years of this study (February 2013 and March 2014) litter was removed from plots, then seeds of 11 native species were immediately added to each plot at a rate of 1 g seed m⁻² ground area species⁻¹ year⁻¹. For one extremely large-seeded species, Tripsacum dactyloides, a greater mass of seeds was added (4 g seed m⁻² year⁻¹). Seedling success was measured late in the second and third years of the study (late August 2013 and September 2014) as the number of established seedlings in each 0.5-m² subplot (seedling establishment) and the number of species of established seedlings (colonizer richness).


COMMUNITY ATTRIBUTES

In 2014, several abiotic and biotic community attributes that could impact seedling success were measured: soil water availability, light availability, community disease and herbivory, and community-weighted mean leaf % N (hereafter, community Nₘₐₛₛ). The availability of water and light was repeatedly measured. Soil water availability at 10-cm soil depth was measured using a time-domain reflectometer (HydroSense Soil Water Content Measurement System, Campbell Scientific Australia) once per month (May–September 2014); soil water availability of each subplot was the arithmetic mean of the five soil water measurements. Light availability was also measured as the ratio of photosynthetically active radiation at two points at ground level to above the canopy × 100 (Borer et al. 2014). Light availability was measured monthly (March–September) within two hours of solar noon on cloudless days (Accupar LP80 Ceptometer, Decagon Devices, Pullman, WA), then integrated into a single value per subplot (auc() function in the R package MESS; Ekstrøm 2016). Thus, light availability represented the average proportion of light (µmol PAR m⁻² s⁻¹ day⁻¹) available at ground level at solar noon over the 2014 field season.

To assess community disease and herbivory, and community leaf Nₘₐₛₛ, the first step was to visually quantify percent cover of each plant species in each subplot in August. Cover for each species was evaluated independently, therefore the sum of cover values for each plot could exceed 100%. The number of host species surveyed was maximized in each subplot by haphazardly assessing damage on twenty leaves of the most abundant host species and each subsequent species, iterating until the summed cover of all sampled species was at least 80% of the subplot’s total plant cover (Halliday et al. 2019). This sampling scheme is consistent with scheme recommendations for measuring other plot-scale community responses (Halbritter et al. 2020). Sample leaves varied in age, location within the subplot, and degree of damage. For each sampled leaf, the percent of the leaf’s area that was damaged (by guilds of insect herbivore and fungal morphospecies) was measured by referring to digitized images of known damage severity (James 1971). Community disease and community herbivory was calculated by weighting each species' average leaf damage by its relative abundance. Community Nₘₐₛₛ was calculated using the same species and calculation as community disease and herbivory. From all species that constituted > 80% of relative cover in each subplot, three young fully emerged leaves were harvested, dried at 60 degrees Celsius (°C) for 72 hours, and ground to a fine powder; leaf % N was quantified using a micro-Dumas combustion analyzer (Environmental Chemistry Lab, University of Georgia).

In 2013, a subset of the 2014 abiotic and biotic community attributes were measured—light availability, community disease and herbivory—using different methods. Light availability was measured at a single time point in September 2013, using the same approach as in 2014 (i.e., the ratio of ground level to above canopy light). Disease and herbivory in 2013 was surveyed at the plot level rather than the subplot level.


SEEDLING TRAITS

To assess the resource allocation strategies of the species added as seeds, leaf % N was measured on individuals of each species grown in the greenhouse at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 2014. All seeds (10 individual species) were stratified in moist sand at 4 °C for one month, then sowed into 0.94-liter (L) pots (Deepots, Stuewe and Sons, Corvallis, OR) containing a 50:50 mixture of potting medium (Fafard 3B, Sun Gro Horticulture, Agawam, MA, USA) and sterilized sand. At the two-leaf stage, each pot was thinned to a single individual, then randomly assigned to one of two groups: high nutrient supply, receiving the equivalent of 10 g NPK m⁻², and low nutrient supply, receiving the equivalent of 2 g NPK m⁻². Slow-release forms of P and K were added once (triple super phosphate and potassium sulfate, respectively) and aqueous N in five biweekly applications of ammonium nitrate. To avoid limitation by micronutrients, both treatments received 100 g m⁻² micronutrients (Micromax, The Scotts Company, Marysville, OH, USA). After eight weeks in the greenhouse, the youngest fully emerged leaf was removed from each plant and processed as described for community Nₘₐₛₛ.


For additional details, see Heckman (in press).
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Borer, Elizabeth T.
Originator: Seabloom, Eric W.
Originator: Gruner, Daniel S.
Originator: Harpole, W. Stanley
Originator: Hillebrand, Helmut
Originator: Lind, Eric M.
Originator: Adler, Peter B.
Originator: Alberti, Juan
Originator: Anderson, T. Michael
Originator: Bakker, Jonathan D.
Originator: Biederman, Lori
Originator: Blumenthal, Dana
Originator: Brown, Cynthia S.
Originator: Brudvig, Lars A.
Originator: Buckley, Yvonne M.
Originator: Cadotte, Marc
Originator: Chu, Chengjin
Originator: Cleland, Elsa E.
Originator: Crawley, Michael J.
Originator: Daleo, Pedro
Originator: Damschen, Ellen I.
Originator: Davies, Kendi F.
Originator: DeCrappeo, Nicole M.
Originator: Du, Guozhen
Originator: Firn, Jennifer
Originator: Hautier, Yann
Originator: Heckman, Robert W.
Originator: Hector, Andy
Originator: HilleRisLambers, Janneke
Originator: Iribarne, Oscar
Originator: Klein, Julia A.
Originator: Knops, Johannes M.H.
Originator: La Pierre, Kimberly J.
Originator: Leakey, Andrew D.B.
Originator: Li, Wei
Originator: MacDougall, Andrew S.
Originator: McCulley,Rebecca L.
Originator: Melbourne, Brett A.
Originator: Mitchell, Charles E.
Originator: Moore, Joslin L.
Originator: Mortensen, Brent
Originator: O'Halloran, Lydia R.
Originator: Orrock, John L.
Originator: Pascual, Jesús
Originator: Prober, Suzanne M.
Originator: Pyke, David A.
Originator: Risch, Anita C.
Originator: Schuetz, Martin
Originator: Smith, Melinda D.
Originator: Stevens, Carly J.
Originator: Sullivan, Lauren L.
Originator: Williams, Ryan J.
Originator: Wragg, Peter D.
Originator: Wright, Justin P.
Originator: Yang, Louie H.
Publication_Date: 2014
Title:
Herbivores and nutrients control grassland plant diversity via light limitation
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Nature
Issue_Identification: 508: 517-520
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13144
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Halbritter, Aud H.
Originator: De Boeck, Hans J.
Originator: Eycott, Amy E.
Originator: Reinsch, Sabine
Originator: Robinson, David A.
Originator: Vicca, Sara
Originator: Berauer, Bernd
Originator: Christiansen, Casper T.
Originator: Estiarte, Marc
Originator: Grünzweig, José M.
Originator: Gya, Ragnhild
Originator: Hansen, Karin
Originator: Jentsch, Anke
Originator: Lee, Hanna
Originator: Linder, Sune
Originator: Marshall, John
Originator: Peñuelas, Josep
Originator: Schmidt, Inger Kappel
Originator: Stuart-Haëntjens, Ellen
Originator: Wilfahrt, Peter
Originator: ClimMani Working Group
Originator: Vandvik, Vigdis
Publication_Date: 2020
Title:
The handbook for standardized field and laboratory measurements in terrestrial climate change experiments and observational studies (ClimEx)
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Methods in Ecology and Evolution
Issue_Identification: 11(1): 22-37
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210x.13331
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Halliday, Fletcher W.
Originator: Heckman, Robert W.
Originator: Wilfahrt, Peter A.
Originator: Mitchell, Charles E.
Publication_Date: 2019
Title:
Past is prologue: host community assembly and the risk of infectious disease over time
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Ecology Letters
Issue_Identification: 22(1): 138-148
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.13176
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Heckman, Robert W.
Publication_Date: Unknown
Title:
Consumers and nutrients alter colonization of an old field community independently and by distinct mechanisms
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Journal of Ecology
Other_Citation_Details:
[In press]
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: James, Clive
Publication_Date: 1971
Title:
A manual of assessment keys for plant diseases
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: St. Paul, MN
Publisher: American Phytopathological Society
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
see methodology section for details
Process_Date: Unknown
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Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
Overview_Description:
Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
Below you will find a list and description of the files included in this data publication.

VARIABLE DESCRIPTION FILE (1)

1. \Data\_variable_descriptions.csv: Comma-separated values (CSV) file containing a list and description of variables found in all data files. (A description of these variables is also provided in the metadata below.)

Columns include:

Filename = name of data file
Variable = name of variable
Units = units (if applicable)
Precision = precision (if applicable)
Description = description of variable


DATA FILES (3)

1. \Data\Colonization_by_species_2014.csv: CSV file containing several abiotic and biotic community attributes and the number of establishing seedlings separately for each species added as seed across nutrient availability, consumer access, and litter removal treatments in 2014.

Variables include:

block = spatial block ID (1-10)

plot = whole plot (4 square meters [m²]) ID (1-40)

subplot = unique ID; one of two (A, B) 0.5 m² areas in center of each whole plot where seedlings were measured

species = species of seedlings added to plot (anvi = Andropogon virginicus; pafl = Paspalum floridanum; sthi = Steinchisma hians; trfl = Tridens flavus; apca = Apocynum cannabinum; veal = Verbesina alternifolia)

nutrients = nutrient supply to plots (2 levels: Fertilized = fertilized with Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium (NPK) (10 grams nutrients m⁻² year⁻¹), Control = unfertilized); whole plot treatment

consumers = presence of aboveground fungal pathogens and insect herbivores in a plot (2 levels: Sprayed = sprayed with fungicide and insecticide, Unsprayed = unsprayed (i.e., control)); whole plot treatment

litter = presence of litter in plots (2 levels: Raked = raked in spring, Unraked = unraked (i.e., control)); subplot treatment

est_seedlings = total number of experimentally added seedlings of each species present in each subplot in September 2014

water_avail = average subplot-level soil water availability (%) across five monthly measurements (May-September 2014) at 10-centimeter (cm) soil depth using a time-domain reflectometer

light_avail = average subplot-level proportion of light available at ground level (%) across seven monthly measurements (March-September 2014) using a ceptometer

comm_nmass = community-weighted mean foliar % Nitrogen (N) measured in September 2014 from species within each subplot that constituted > 80% of relative cover; three young fully emerged leaves per species per subplot were pooled for analysis

comm_damage = community-weighted mean total foliar damage (% leaf area damaged by fungal pathogens and insect herbivores) measured in September 2014 from species within each subplot that constituted > 80% of relative cover; 20 leaves per species per subplot were assessed

seedling_nmass = mean foliar % N measured on 10 plants of each sown species grown under greenhouse conditions; species-level effect

water_avail_std = standardized soil water availability (mean = 0, sd = 1)

light_avail_logit_std = standardized light availability (mean = 0, sd = 1)

comm_nmass_std = standardized community-weighted mean foliar % N (mean = 0, sd = 1)

comm_damage_logit_std = standardized, logit-transformed community-weighted total foliar damage (fungal disease + insect herbivory; mean = 0, sd = 1)

seedling_nmass_std = standardized mean foliar % N for each sown species (mean = 0, sd = 1); species-level effect



2. \Data\Total_colonization_2013.csv: CSV file containing several abiotic and biotic community attributes and the total number of establishing seedlings and richness of establishing species across nutrient availability, consumer access, and litter removal treatments in 2013.

Variables include:

block = spatial block ID (1-10)

plot = whole plot (4 m²) ID (1-40)

subplot = unique ID; one of two (A, B) 0.5 m² areas in center of each whole plot where seedlings were measured

nutrients = nutrient supply to plots (2 levels: Fertilized = fertilized with NPK (10 g nutrients m⁻² year⁻¹), Control = unfertilized); whole plot treatment

consumers = presence of aboveground fungal pathogens and insect herbivores in a plot (2 levels: Sprayed = sprayed with fungicide and insecticide, Unsprayed = unsprayed (i.e., control)); whole plot treatment

litter = presence of litter in plots (2 levels: Raked = raked in spring, Unraked = unraked (i.e., control))

est_seedlings = total number of experimentally added seedlings present in each plot in September 2013

col_richness = total number of species of experimentally added seedlings present in each plot in September 2013

light_avail = subplot-level proportion of light available at ground level (%) measured in September 2013 using a ceptometer

comm_disease = plot-level community-weighted mean foliar fungal disease (% leaf area damaged) measured in September 2013; 20 leaves per species per subplot were assessed

comm_herbiv = plot-level community-weighted mean foliar insect herbivory (% leaf area damaged) measured in September 2013; 20 leaves per species per subplot were assessed

comm_damage = plot-level community-weighted mean total foliar damage (% leaf area damaged by fungal pathogens and insect herbivores) measured in September 2013; 20 leaves per species per subplot were assessed

light_avail_logit_std = standardized light availability (mean = 0, sd = 1)

comm_disease_logit_std = standardized, logit-transformed community-weighted mean foliar fungal disease (mean = 0, sd = 1)

comm_herbiv_logit_std = standardized, logit-transformed community-weighted mean foliar insect herbivory (mean = 0, sd = 1)

comm_damage_logit_std = standardized, logit-transformed community-weighted total foliar damage (fungal disease + insect herbivory; mean = 0, sd = 1)



3. \Data\Total_colonization_2014.csv: CSV file containing several abiotic and biotic community attributes and the total number of establishing seedlings and richness of establishing species across nutrient availability, consumer access, and litter removal treatments in 2014.

Variables include:

block = spatial block ID (1-10)

plot = whole plot (4 m²) ID (1-40)

subplot = unique ID; one of two (A, B) 0.5 m² areas in center of each whole plot where seedlings were measured

nutrients = nutrient supply to plots (2 levels: Fertilized = fertilized with NPK (10 g nutrients m⁻² year⁻¹), Control = unfertilized); whole plot treatment

consumers = presence of aboveground fungal pathogens and insect herbivores in a plot (2 levels: Sprayed = sprayed with fungicide and insecticide, Unsprayed = unsprayed (i.e., control)); whole plot treatment

litter = presence of litter in plots (2 levels: Raked = raked in spring, Unraked = unraked (i.e., control)); subplot treatment

est_seedlings = total number of experimentally added seedlings present in each subplot in September 2014

col_richness = total number of species of experimentally added seedlings present in each subplot in September 2014

water_avail = average subplot-level soil water availability (%) across five monthly measurements (May-September 2014) at 10-cm soil depth using a time-domain reflectometer

light_avail = average subplot-level proportion of light available at ground level (%) across seven monthly measurements (March-September 2014) using a ceptometer

comm_nmass = community-weighted mean foliar % N measured in September 2014 from species within each subplot that constituted > 80% of relative cover; three young fully emerged leaves per species per subplot were pooled for analysis

comm_disease = community-weighted mean foliar fungal disease (% leaf area damaged) measured in September 2014 from species within each subplot that constituted > 80% of relative cover; 20 leaves per species per subplot were assessed

comm_herbiv = community-weighted mean foliar insect herbivory (% leaf area damaged) measured in September 2014 from species within each subplot that constituted > 80% of relative cover; 20 leaves per species per subplot were assessed

comm_damage = community-weighted mean total foliar damage (% leaf area damaged by fungal pathogens and insect herbivores) measured in September 2014 from species within each subplot that constituted > 80% of relative cover; 20 leaves per species per subplot were assessed

water_avail_std = standardized soil water availability (mean = 0, sd = 1)

light_avail_logit_std = standardized light availability (mean = 0, sd = 1)

comm_nmass_std = standardized community-weighted mean foliar % N (mean = 0, sd = 1)

comm_disease_logit_std = standardized, logit-transformed community-weighted mean foliar fungal disease (mean = 0, sd = 1)

comm_herbiv_logit_std = standardized, logit-transformed community-weighted mean foliar insect herbivory (mean = 0, sd = 1)

comm_damage_logit_std = standardized, logit-transformed community-weighted total foliar damage (fungal disease + insect herbivory; mean = 0, sd = 1)
Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:
Heckman, Robert W. [In press]. Consumers and nutrients alter colonization of an old field community independently and by distinct mechanisms. Journal of Ecology.
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Distribution_Information:
Distributor:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: USDA Forest Service, Research and Development
Contact_Position: Research Data Archivist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 240 West Prospect Road
City: Fort Collins
State_or_Province: CO
Postal_Code: 80526
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: see Contact Instructions
Contact Instructions: This contact information was current as of September 2023. For current information see Contact Us page on: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS.
Resource_Description: RDS-2023-0047
Distribution_Liability:
Metadata documents have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness. Unless otherwise stated, all data and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. However, neither the author, the Archive, nor any part of the federal government can assure the reliability or suitability of these data for a particular purpose. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed for a user's application of these data or related materials.

The metadata, data, or related materials may be updated without notification. If a user believes errors are present in the metadata, data or related materials, please use the information in (1) Identification Information: Point of Contact, (2) Metadata Reference: Metadata Contact, or (3) Distribution Information: Distributor to notify the author or the Archive of the issues.
Standard_Order_Process:
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: CSV
Format_Version_Number: see Format Specification
Format_Specification:
Comma-separated values file
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2023-0047
Fees: None
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Metadata_Reference_Information:
Metadata_Date: 20230918
Metadata_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Maintaining Resilient Dryland Ecosystems program
Contact_Person: Robert W. Heckman
Contact_Position: Research Botanist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: Shrub Sciences Lab
Address: 369 North 100 West Suite 8
City: Cedar City
State_or_Province: UT
Postal_Code: 84721
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 435-708-0327
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: robert.heckman@usda.gov
Contact Instructions: This contact information was current as of original publication date. For current information see Contact Us page on: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS.
Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Biological Data Profile of the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001.1-1999
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