Mid-21st century simulated burn probability projections for moist temperate forests of the Pacific Northwest

Metadata:

Identification_Information:
Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Dye, Alex W.
Originator: Reilly, Matthew J.
Originator: McEvoy, Andy
Originator: Lemons, Rebecca E.
Originator: Riley, Karin L.
Originator: Kim, John B.
Originator: Kerns, Becky K.
Publication_Date: 2024
Title:
Mid-21st century simulated burn probability projections for moist temperate forests of the Pacific Northwest
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Fort Collins, CO
Publisher: Forest Service Research Data Archive
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2023-0061
Description:
Abstract:
Spatial wildfire simulations were conducted for the Westside forests of the Pacific Northwest using the "Large-Fire Simulator", FSim, to study potential changes in fire regimes between a contemporary baseline simulation period (1992-2020), and a projected mid-21st century simulation period (2035-2064) based on projected climate change derived from 12 different global climate models (GCMs). Outputs include 270 meter resolution rasters of burn probability (annual chance of a pixel burning), individually for each of 5 Westside pyromes: Olympics and Puget Lowlands; Washington North Cascades; Washington West Cascades; Oregon West Cascades; and Oregon Coast Range. FSim generates tens of thousands of hypothetical fire years (January 1 - December 31) using daily weather generation, fire growth, and fire suppression algorithms to model fire occurrence and spread. Contemporary baseline (1992-2020) FSim runs were conducted using observed weather records from a Remote Automatic Weather Stations (RAWS) in each pyrome over the 1992-2020 period, and future mid-21st century weather was drawn from 12 individual GCM projections of future climate for each pyrome.
Purpose:
Simulations were conducted as part of the Pacific Northwest Research Station's Westside Wildfire Research Initiative to better understand how climate change may shift fire regimes in the moist, temperate forests of the Westside, characterized as the land west of the Cascade Crest and north of the Siskiyou Mountains.
Supplemental_Information:
For a comprehensive description of model calibration, framework, and results, please refer to the companion journal article (Dye et al. 2024).

Data were published on 02/09/2024. Minor metadata updates were made on 06/05/2024.
Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 1992
Ending_Date: 2064
Currentness_Reference:
Ground condition
Status:
Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As needed
Spatial_Domain:
Description_of_Geographic_Extent:
These data represent the Pacific Northwest region of the United States (Western Oregon and Washington)
Bounding_Coordinates:
West_Bounding_Coordinate: -125.10000
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -119.70000
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 49.50000
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 41.90000
Bounding_Altitudes:
Altitude_Minimum: 0
Altitude_Maximum: 4392
Altitude_Distance_Units: meters
Keywords:
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation
Theme_Keyword: environment
Theme_Keyword: climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: National Research & Development Taxonomy
Theme_Keyword: Climate change
Theme_Keyword: Climate change effects
Theme_Keyword: Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment
Theme_Keyword: Ecology
Theme_Keyword: Geography
Theme_Keyword: Landscape ecology
Theme_Keyword: Fire
Theme_Keyword: Fire ecology
Theme_Keyword: Fire effects on environment
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Theme_Keyword: fire modeling
Theme_Keyword: FSim
Theme_Keyword: burn probability
Theme_Keyword: moist temperate forests
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Place_Keyword: Oregon
Place_Keyword: Washington
Place_Keyword: Pacific Northwest
Place_Keyword: Westside
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:
These data were collected using funding from the U.S. Government and can be used without additional permissions or fees. If you use these data in a publication, presentation, or other research product please use the following citation:

Dye, Alex W.; Reilly, Matthew J.; McEvoy, Andy; Lemons, Rebecca E.; Riley, Karin L.; Kim, John B.; Kerns, Becky K. 2024. Mid-21st century simulated burn probability projections for moist temperate forests of the Pacific Northwest. Fort Collins, CO: Forest Service Research Data Archive. https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2023-0061
Point_of_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: Oregon State University
Contact_Person: Alex Dye
Contact_Position: Faculty Research Associate
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 3180 SW Jefferson Way
City: Corvallis
State_or_Province: OR
Postal_Code: 97331
Country: USA
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: alex.dye@oregonstate.edu
Contact Instructions: This contact information was current as of original publication date. For current information see Contact Us page on: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS.
Data_Set_Credit:
Funding for these data was provided by the USDA Forest Service, Western Wildland Environmental Threat Assessment Center and the USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station Westside Wildfire Research Initiative.


Author Information:

Alex W. Dye
Oregon State University, College of Forestry
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3469-5608

Matthew J. Reilly
USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Western Wildland Environmental Threat Assessment Center

Andy McEvoy
Oregon State University, College of Forestry

Rebecca E. Lemons
Oregon State University, College of Forestry
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2947-9866

Karin L. Riley
USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6593-5657

John B. Kim
USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Western Wildland Environmental Threat Assessment Center
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3720-7916

Becky K. Kerns
USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4613-2191
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Dye, Alex W.
Originator: Reilly, Matthew J.
Originator: McEvoy, Andy
Originator: Lemons, Rebecca E.
Originator: Riley, Karin L.
Originator: Kim, John B.
Originator: Kerns, Becky K.
Publication_Date: 2024
Title:
Simulated future shifts in wildfire regimes in moist forests of Pacific Northwest, USA
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences
Issue_Identification: 129: e2023JG007722
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JG007722
Online_Linkage: https://www.fs.usda.gov/research/treesearch/67587
Analytical_Tool:
Analytical_Tool_Description:
FireFamily+ (FF+) is a software package used to calculate fuel moistures and indices from the US National Fire Danger Rating System (NFDRS) using hourly or daily fire weather observations primarily from Remote Automated Weather Stations (RAWS). NFDRS use is mandated for fire preparedness and response decisions by all Federal and most State agencies and is operationally run with USFS FAM Weather Information Management System (WIMS).
Tool_Access_Information:
Online_Linkage: https://www.firelab.org/project/firefamilyplus
Tool_Access_Instructions:
See website for information.
Tool_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Bradshaw, Larry
Originator: McCormick, Erin
Publication_Date: 2000
Title:
FireFamily Plus user's guide
Edition: Version 2.0
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document
Series_Information:
Series_Name: General Technical Report
Issue_Identification: RMRS-GTR-67
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Ogden, UT
Publisher: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.2737/RMRS-GTR-67
Analytical_Tool:
Analytical_Tool_Description:
The large fire simulator (FSim) is a software package used to simulate the ignition, growth and behavior of wildland fire for risk analysis across large land areas using geospatial data on historical fire occurrence, weather, terrain, and fuel conditions.
Tool_Access_Information:
Online_Linkage: https://www.firelab.org/project/fsim-wildfire-risk-simulation-software
Tool_Access_Instructions:
See website for information.
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Data_Quality_Information:
Attribute_Accuracy:
Attribute_Accuracy_Report:
FSim parameters for each pyrome were adjusted until contemporary baseline (1992-2020) mean fire size and mean number of fires per year were within the 70% confidence interval of the historical observational records for the same time period. See Process Steps for additional details on calibration.
Logical_Consistency_Report:
Pixels with a "-1" designation indicate pixels that were defined as non-burnable in the underlying LANDFIRE landscape data (e.g., water, asphalt). Pixels with a "0" designation are burnable according the underlying LANDFIRE landscape data, but were not burned during the simulations runs.
Completeness_Report:
Pixels with a designation of > 0 indicate that these pixels were burned at least once during the simulation runs.
Lineage:
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: LANDFIRE
Publication_Date: 2021
Title:
LANDFIRE 2.1.0 Forest Canopy Bulk Density (CBD)
Edition: LF 2.1.0
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Sioux Falls, SD
Publisher: U.S. Department of the Interior, Geological Survey, and U.S. Department of Agriculture.
Other_Citation_Details:
Accessed 01 August 2021
Online_Linkage: https://landfire.gov/cbd.php
Type_of_Source_Media: Online
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 2020
Source_Currentness_Reference:
Ground Condition
Source_Citation_Abbreviation:
LANDFIRE CBD
Source_Contribution:
Full attribute descriptions of LANDFIRE’s forest canopy bulk density layers can be referenced here: https://landfire.gov/DataDictionary/cbd.pdf.
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: LANDFIRE
Publication_Date: 2021
Title:
LANDFIRE 2.1.0 Forest Canopy Base Height (CBH)
Edition: LF 2.1.0
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Sioux Falls, SD
Publisher: U.S. Department of the Interior, Geological Survey, and U.S. Department of Agriculture
Other_Citation_Details:
Accessed 01 August 2021
Online_Linkage: https://landfire.gov/cbh.php
Type_of_Source_Media: Online
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 2020
Source_Currentness_Reference:
Ground Condition
Source_Citation_Abbreviation:
LANDFIRE CBH
Source_Contribution:
Full attribute descriptions of LANDFIRE’s forest canopy base height layers can be referenced here: https://landfire.gov/DataDictionary/cbh.pdf.
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: LANDFIRE
Publication_Date: 2021
Title:
LANDFIRE 2.1.0 Forest Canopy Cover (CC)
Edition: LF 2.1.0
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Sioux Falls, SD
Publisher: U.S. Department of the Interior, Geological Survey, and U.S. Department of Agriculture
Other_Citation_Details:
Accessed 01 August 2021
Online_Linkage: https://www.landfire.gov/cc.php
Type_of_Source_Media: Online
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 2020
Source_Currentness_Reference:
Ground Condition
Source_Citation_Abbreviation:
LANDFIRE CC
Source_Contribution:
Full attribute descriptions of LANDFIRE’s forest canopy cover layers can be referenced here: https://landfire.gov/DataDictionary/lf2022/LF22_CCADD_230.pdf.
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: LANDFIRE
Publication_Date: 2021
Title:
LANDFIRE 2.1.0 Forest Canopy Height (CH)
Edition: LF 2.1.0
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Sioux Falls, SD
Publisher: U.S. Department of the Interior, Geological Survey, and U.S. Department of Agriculture
Other_Citation_Details:
Accessed 01 August 2021
Online_Linkage: https://www.landfire.gov/ch.php
Type_of_Source_Media: Online
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 2020
Source_Currentness_Reference:
Ground Condition
Source_Citation_Abbreviation:
LANDFIRE CH
Source_Contribution:
Full attribute descriptions of LANDFIRE’s forest canopy height layers can be referenced here: https://landfire.gov/DataDictionary/ch.pdf.
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Short, Karen C.
Publication_Date: 2022
Title:
Spatial wildfire occurrence data for the United States, 1992-2020 [FPA_FOD_20221014]
Edition: 6th Edition
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Fort Collins, CO
Publisher: Forest Service Research Data Archive
Other_Citation_Details:
Accessed 01 August 2021
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2013-0009.6
Type_of_Source_Media: Online
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 1992
Ending_Date: 2020
Source_Currentness_Reference:
Ground Condition
Source_Citation_Abbreviation:
Short (2022)
Source_Contribution:
Ignition point locations and final fire size information for all wildfires between 1992-2020.
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Users are encouraged to consult Dye et al. (2024) for a complete description of the methodology that is summarized here.

FSim computes a daily large-fire ignition probability based on the logistic regression between historical large fire ignition records in the study area and the daily Energy Release Component (ERC) for fuel model G of the National Fire Danger Rating System (Andrews et al. 2003), the standard fuel model used for ERC generation in FSim (Finney et al. 2011). ERC is an indicator of fuel dryness and is calculated from the fuel moistures of four dead fuel timelag classes (1, 10, 100, and 1000 hour), and live woody and herbaceous fuel moistures, all of which require daily temperature, humidity, precipitation, and solar radiation for calculation. See Cohen and Deeming (1985) as well as Fosberg and Deeming (1971) for detailed descriptions of standard parameters and equations used to calculate ERC.

During a full simulation of a specific climate period, FSim generates a set of tens of thousands of statistically plausible ERC streams based on weather observations. These iterations of ERC streams are not sequential or temporally related; each annual iteration is a unique, plausible realization of weather that could occur over a calendar year based on the composite fire weather statistics of the climate period of interest. Daily ERC values are generated based on the mean ERC value for that day in the weather records for the period of study, the standard deviation in ERC for the day, and the temporal autocorrelation in ERC, which are used to generate any number of years of synthetic ERC streams, with a typical number of years for the Western U.S. being 10,000 so that robust estimates of burn probability and conditional flame length probability for any given location on the simulation landscape can be produced.

FSim requires specification of three spatial boundaries for each pyrome being modeled. The “analysis area” is the primary region of interest and the area for which final burn probability estimates are valid, equaling the mapped area of the pyrome. The pyrome is the spatial extent of all burn probability raster outputs. The “fire occurrence area” (FOA) defines where FSim allows ignitions to start. We set the FOA as a 30 kilometer (km) buffer around each pyrome; though we do not produce burn probability estimates for the FOA, fires ignited in the FOA are allowed to spread into the pyrome, at which point they contribute to the final burn probabilities reported for the pyrome. Third, FSim requires a “fire modeling landscape” (LCP) raster, which we set as an additional 30 km buffer surrounding the FOA. FSim does not allow ignitions in this buffer, but fires ignited in the FOA can burn outward into the LCP. We retrieved the LCP layers of slope, elevation, aspect, fire behavior fuel model (Scott and Burgan 2005), canopy bulk density (LANDFIRE CBD), canopy base height (LANDFIRE CBH), canopy cover (LANDFIRE CC), and canopy height (LANDFIRE CH) from the Landscape Fire and Resource Management Planning Tools, or LANDFIRE, 2018 Remap (LANDFIRE 2020). We combined all eight grids using standard tools in FlamMap software (Finney 2006) to create the required LCP raster. Since LANDFIRE 2020 maps fuel conditions only up to 2018, we implemented a manual adjustment of fuel types so that we could conduct simulations under fuel conditions through 2020, following standard methods outlined by Beauchaine et al. (2015).

We conducted simulations for 5 pyromes, or regions of similar historical fire patterns, under two climate periods: 1) a contemporary baseline (1992–2020); and 2) mid-21st century (2035–2064) under Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5) emissions climate change scenario. In each pyrome, we selected a Remote Automatic Weather Station (RAWS) with a relatively long, complete data record spanning the historical period of record, 1992-2020. We chose this period as our contemporary baseline because this was the maximum period of available, complete fire occurrence records available at the time of our study. We imported the RAWS records into Fire Family Plus version 5 software (FireFamilyPlus 2022) to calculate the daily ERC, wind speed, and wind direction statistics required by FSim (Finney et al. 2011). Following standard FSim best practices for model calibration, we conducted multiple calibration runs for each pyrome, each run consisting of 10,000 iterations of hypothetical fire years, until both the simulated mean fire size and mean number of fires per year of fires that ignited in the FOA were each within the 70% confidence intervals of the 1992–2020 historical observation means for the same are, where historical fire observations were drawn from the Short (2022) dataset.

At the location of each RAWS, we retrieved climate data for both the contemporary baseline and mid-21st century periods for RCP8.5 emissions trajectory from 12 downscaled Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) global climate models (GCMs) in the NEX-DCP30 climate product (Thrasher et al. 2013). These GCMs are listed in \Supplements\GCM_metadata.pdf.

We constructed future climate scenarios by applying a GCM-based delta to the observational RAWS data. For each GCM, we extracted the monthly mean precipitation, maximum and minimum temperature, and vapor pressure. Then, we calculated the monthly percent change of precipitation and vapor pressure, and the actual monthly change in maximum and minimum temperature, and applied these delta values directly to the contemporary baseline RAWS data to create 12 future climates. This approach preserves the local observed weather conditions and seasonal patterns while adjusting for future climate. Calculations of mid-21st century ERC also required a precipitation duration variable, and for this we used the newly adjusted future precipitation amount divided by the contemporary precipitation intensity, where contemporary precipitation intensity was calculated as the precipitation amount divided by the precipitation duration in the RAWS, for our purposes assuming that precipitation intensity would remain constant between the contemporary and future scenarios. On some rare occasions, the future precipitation duration was greater than 24 hours, and in these cases the precipitation duration and amounts generated were rolled over to the next day.

Once we created all future weather streams, we generated the daily ERC statistics required by FSim using Fire Family Plus software in the same way as for the contemporary baseline. Then, we conducted a complete FSim run of 10,000 iterations separately for each of the 12 GCM-based future climate scenarios in each pyrome. These 60 simulations (5 pyromes, 12 GCMs each) are intended to represent plausible changes to the contemporary fire regime by mid-21st century. To isolate the effect of climate change, we retained landscape information, the ignition probability grid, wind distributions, and all model parameters determined during calibration of the contemporary baseline throughout all of the mid-21st century simulations.


Andrews, Patricia L.; Loftsgaarden, Don O.; Bradshaw, Larry S. 2003. Evaluation of fire danger rating indexes using logistic regression and percentile analysis. International Journal of Wildland Fire. 12(2): 213–26. https://doi.org/10.1071/WF02059

Beauchaine, Anthony J.; Blankenship, Kori; Helmbrecht, Don. 2015. Updating LANDFIRE fuels data for recent wildfires. http://www.conservationgateway.org/ConservationPractices/FireLandscapes/LANDFIRE/Documents/Updating%20LF%20fuels%20data_Mar%2021_Blankenship.pdf

Cohen, Jack D.; Deeming, John E. 1985. The national fire-danger rating system: basic equations. Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-82. Berkeley, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station. 16 p. https://doi.org/10.2737/PSW-GTR-82 and https://www.fs.usda.gov/research/treesearch/27298

Dye, Alex W.; Reilly, Matthew J.; McEvoy, Andy; Lemons, Rebecca E.; Riley, Karin L.; Kim, John B.; Kerns, Becky K. 2024. Simulated future shifts in wildfire regimes in moist forests of Pacific Northwest, USA. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences. 129: e2023JG007722. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JG007722 and https://www.fs.usda.gov/research/treesearch/67587

Finney, Mark A. 2006. An Overview of FlamMap Fire Modeling Capabilities. In: Andrews, Patricia L.; Butler, Bret W., comps. 2006. Fuels Management-How to Measure Success: Conference Proceedings. 28-30 March 2006; Portland, OR. Proceedings RMRS-P-41. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. p. 213-220. https://www.fs.usda.gov/research/treesearch/25948

Finney, Mark A.; McHugh, Charles W.; Grenfell, Isaac C.; Riley, Karin L.; Short, Karen C. 2011. A simulation of probabilistic wildfire risk components for the continental United States. Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment. 25: 973-1000. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00477-011-0462-z and https://www.fs.usda.gov/research/treesearch/39312

FireFamilyPlus. 2022. FireFamily+. Version 5: November, 2022 update. USDA Forest Service, Missoula Fire Sciences Laboratory, Missoula, MT. https://www.firelab.org/project/firefamilyplus

Fosberg, Michael A.; Deeming, John E. 1971. Derivation of the 1- and 10-hour timelag fuel moisture calculations for fire-danger rating. Research Note RM-RN-207. Fort Collins, CO: USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 8 p.

LANDFIRE. 2020. Homepage of the LANDFIRE Project. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service and U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geologic Survey. http://www.landfire.gov/index.php

Scott, Joe H.; Burgan, Robert E. 2005. Standard fire behavior fuel models: a comprehensive set for use with Rothermel's surface fire spread model. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-153. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 72 p. https://doi.org/10.2737/RMRS-GTR-153 and https://www.fs.usda.gov/research/treesearch/9521

Thrasher, Bridget; Xiong, Jun; Wang, Weile; Melton, Forrest; Michaelis, Andrew; Nemani, Ramakrishna. 2013. Downscaled climate projections suitable for resource management. Eos Transactions. 94(37): 321. https://doi.org/10.1002/2013EO370002
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation:
LANDFIRE CBD, LANDFIRE CBH, LANDFIRE CC, LANDFIRE CH, Short (2022)
Process_Date: Unknown
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Spatial_Reference_Information:
Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
Planar:
Map_Projection:
Map_Projection_Name: Albers Conical Equal Area
Albers_Conical_Equal_Area:
Standard_Parallel: 29.5
Standard_Parallel: 45.5
Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -96
Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 23
False_Easting: 0
False_Northing: 0
Planar_Coordinate_Information:
Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: Coordinate Pair
Coordinate_Representation:
Abscissa_Resolution: 270
Ordinate_Resolution: 270
Planar_Distance_Units: Meters
Geodetic_Model:
Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.0000
Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.25722210
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Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
Overview_Description:
Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
Below you will find a list and description of the files included in this data publication.


VARIABLE DESCRIPTION FILE (1)

1. \Data\_variable_descriptions.csv: Comma-separated values (CSV) file containing a list and description of variables found in all data files. (A description of these variables is also provided in the metadata below.)

Columns include:

Filename = name of data file
Variable = name of variable
Units = units (if applicable)
Precision = precision (if applicable)
Description = description of variable


DATA FILES (65)

Values in each burn probability raster indicate the annual probability of a 270 meter x 270 meter pixel burning in a given year. In other words, each pixel is equal to the total number of times a cell was burned divided by the total number of fire seasons simulated. Burn Probability rasters are provided for a contemporary baseline (1992-2020) time period, and a future mid-21st century time period (2035-2064). For future mid-21st century, individual rasters are provided that were simulated using weather inputs from 12 different global climate models (GCM), for 5 pyromes. In total, there are 65 burn probability rasters included in this data publication ([1 contemporary baseline + 12 future GCM] x 5 pyromes).

The 5 pyromes are:
1. Olympics and Puget Lowlands
2. OR Coast Range
3. OR West Cascades
4. WA North Cascades
5. WA West Cascades

The 12 GCMs are:
1. bcc-csm1-1-m = Beijing Climate Center, China Meteorological Administration
2. canESM2 = Canadian Centre for Climate Modeling and Analysis
3. ccsm4 = National Center of Atmospheric Research, USA
4. cesm1-cam5 = Community Earth System Model Contributors
5. cnrm-cm5-2 = National Centre of Meteorological Research, France
6. csiro-mk3-6-0 = Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Australia
7. gfdl-cm3 = NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, USA
8. gfdl-esm2g = NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, USA
9. giss-e2-r = NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, USA
10.hadgem2-ao = Met Office Hadley Center, UK
11.hadgem2-cc = Met Office Hadley Center, UK
12.miroc-esm-chem = Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, and National Institute for Environmental Studies

Note: All GCMs are downscaled climate models from the NEX-DCP30 climate product (Thrasher et al. 2013).


5 FILES (1 contemporary baseline for 5 pyromes)
Contemporary Baseline (1992-2020) Burn Probability rasters for each of the 5 pyromes:
\Data\Olympics and Puget Lowlands\BP_Baseline.tif
\Data\OR Coast Range\BP_Baseline.tif
\Data\OR West Cascades\BP_Baseline.tif
\Data\WA West Cascades\BP_Baseline.tif
\Data\WA North Cascades\BP_Baseline.tif


60 FILES (12 future GCM for 5 pyromes)
Mid-21st century (2035-2064) Burn Probability rasters (for each of 60 pyrome|GCM combinations):
\Data\[PYROME]\BP_[GCxM].tif (E.g., \Data\WA North Cascades\BP_bcc-csm1-1-m.tif)



SUPPLEMENTAL FILES (1)

1. \Supplements\GCM_metadata.pdf: Portable Document Format (PDF) file containing a list of the 12 global climate models (GCM) used and the scientific agency that published the GCM output.
Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:
Dye, Alex W.; Reilly, Matthew J.; McEvoy, Andy; Lemons, Rebecca E.; Riley, Karin L.; Kim, John B.; Kerns, Becky K. 2024. Simulated future shifts in wildfire regimes in moist forests of Pacific Northwest, USA. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences. 129: e2023JG007722. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JG007722 and https://www.fs.usda.gov/research/treesearch/67587

Thrasher, Bridget; Xiong, Jun; Wang, Weile; Melton, Forrest; Michaelis, Andrew; Nemani, Ramakrishna. 2013. Downscaled climate projections suitable for resource management. Eos Transactions. 94(37): 321. https://doi.org/10.1002/2013EO370002
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Distribution_Information:
Distributor:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: USDA Forest Service, Research and Development
Contact_Position: Research Data Archivist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 240 West Prospect Road
City: Fort Collins
State_or_Province: CO
Postal_Code: 80526
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: see Contact Instructions
Contact Instructions: This contact information was current as of June 2024. For current information see Contact Us page on: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS.
Resource_Description: RDS-2023-0061
Distribution_Liability:
Metadata documents have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness. Unless otherwise stated, all data and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. However, neither the author, the Archive, nor any part of the federal government can assure the reliability or suitability of these data for a particular purpose. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed for a user's application of these data or related materials.

The metadata, data, or related materials may be updated without notification. If a user believes errors are present in the metadata, data or related materials, please use the information in (1) Identification Information: Point of Contact, (2) Metadata Reference: Metadata Contact, or (3) Distribution Information: Distributor to notify the author or the Archive of the issues.
Standard_Order_Process:
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: CSV
Format_Version_Number: see Format Specification
Format_Specification:
Comma-separated values file
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2023-0061
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: PDF
Format_Version_Number: see Format Specification
Format_Specification:
Portable Document Format file
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2023-0061
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: TIFF
Format_Version_Number: see Format Specification
Format_Specification:
Georeferenced (GeoTIFF) raster file
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2023-0061
Fees: None
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Metadata_Reference_Information:
Metadata_Date: 20240605
Metadata_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: Oregon State University
Contact_Person: Alex Dye
Contact_Position: Faculty Research Associate
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 3180 SW Jefferson Way
City: Corvallis
State_or_Province: OR
Postal_Code: 97333
Country: USA
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: alex.dye@oregonstate.edu
Contact Instructions: This contact information was current as of original publication date. For current information see Contact Us page on: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS.
Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Biological Data Profile of the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001.1-1999
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