Willamette River decadal assessment fish dataset

Metadata:

Identification_Information:
Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Penaluna, Brooke E.
Originator: Gregory, Stanley V.
Originator: Wildman, Randall
Originator: Giannico, Guillermo R.
Originator: Pollock, Amanda M.
Publication_Date: 2025
Title:
Willamette River decadal assessment fish dataset
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Fort Collins, CO
Publisher: Forest Service Research Data Archive
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2024-0057
Description:
Abstract:
Natural habitats and communities may change for a variety of reasons but understanding if a change has occurred and its extent requires knowing the original state. The Willamette River Decadal Assessment is an extensive survey primarily of the middle and upper portions of the Willamette River, Oregon, serving as a measurement of baseline conditions for future decades. This Willamette Decadal Assessment fish dataset consists of tabular data from freshwater fish surveys over multiple years in 2 decades, 2011-2013 and 2021-2023. Each decade contains sampling locations within the Willamette River between the mouth (confluence with Columbia River) and the upstream confluence with the McKenzie River. Sampling sites used the SLICES framework for dividing the Willamette River into approximately 1 kilometer river sections of either the mainstem river or off-channel slough areas. Thirteen sentinel slices were included in the survey each year, although sampling some slices was not permitted in certain years due to high water temperatures. Additional sampling sites were randomly selected from the remaining slices. Sampling included boat electroshocking passes and backpack electrofishing samples. Captured native and nonnative individuals were identified to species, except for lamprey. Fish observed but not captured or measured are identified by a separate code. Tabular data include information such as GPS coordinates, fish length, weight, mortality, and species.
Purpose:
These data were collected as part of the Willamette Decadal Assessment project. The goal of this assessment is to understand fish community species composition within the Willamette River and how it might change over time, including any potential distribution shifts or changes in species richness. This dataset spans 2 decades, allowing for comparisons between decades as well as serving as a baseline for future freshwater fish surveys in the river.
Supplemental_Information:
For more information about the SLICES framework, please see Hulse et al. (2002) and the associated website: https://hub.oregonexplorer.info (search for “Willamette Basin SLICES”).

For more information about this study and these data, see Penaluna et al. (in review).
Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 20110627
Ending_Date: 20231001
Currentness_Reference:
Observed
Status:
Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As needed
Spatial_Domain:
Description_of_Geographic_Extent:
The study area comprises the Willamette River from the mouth at its confluence with the Columbia River near Portland, Oregon, USA upstream to the confluence with the McKenzie River and the Coastal fork of the Willamette River near Eugene, Oregon, USA. The Willamette River is a tributary of the Columbia River and supports the majority of the human population within the state. A variety of land types are present ranging from urban areas to agricultural fields to forests near the headwaters. The climate in this portion of Western Oregon consists of warm, dry summers and cool, wet winters. Summer months (June-August) receive comparatively little precipitation, with most rain falling between October through April.
Bounding_Coordinates:
West_Bounding_Coordinate: -123.27031
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -122.61152
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 45.35530
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 44.06293
Bounding_Altitudes:
Altitude_Minimum: 18
Altitude_Maximum: 114
Altitude_Distance_Units: meters
Keywords:
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: biota
Theme_Keyword: environment
Theme_Keyword: inlandWaters
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: National Research & Development Taxonomy
Theme_Keyword: Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment
Theme_Keyword: Animal ecology
Theme_Keyword: Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis
Theme_Keyword: Assessments
Theme_Keyword: Resource inventory
Theme_Keyword: Wildlife (or Fauna)
Theme_Keyword: Fish
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Theme_Keyword: Willamette River Decadal Assessment
Theme_Keyword: freshwater fish
Theme_Keyword: fish surveys
Theme_Keyword: electroshocking
Theme_Keyword: population assessment
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Place_Keyword: Oregon
Place_Keyword: western Oregon
Place_Keyword: Willamette River
Taxonomy:
Keywords/Taxon:
Taxonomic_Keyword_Thesaurus:
None
Taxonomic_Keywords: multiple species
Taxonomic_Keywords: vertebrates
Taxonomic_Keywords: animals
Taxonomic_Keywords: freshwater fish
Taxonomic_System:
Classification_System/Authority:
Classification_System_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Markle, Douglas F.
Originator: Tomelleri, Jospeh R.
Publication_Date: 2016
Title:
A guide to freshwater fishes of Oregon
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: book
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Corvallis, OR
Publisher: Oregon State University Press
Other_Citation_Details:
160 p.
Online_Linkage: https://osupress.oregonstate.edu/book/guide-to-freshwater-fishes-of-oregon
Taxonomic_Procedures:
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:
These data were collected using funding from the U.S. Government and can be used without additional permissions or fees. If you use these data in a publication, presentation, or other research product please use the following citation:

Penaluna, Brooke E.; Gregory, Stanley V.; Wildman, Randall; Giannico, Guillermo R.; Pollock, Amanda M. 2025. Willamette River decadal assessment fish dataset. Fort Collins, CO: Forest Service Research Data Archive. https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2024-0057
Point_of_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station
Contact_Person: Brooke E. Penaluna
Contact_Position: Research Fish Biologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 3200 SW Jefferson Way
City: Corvallis
State_or_Province: OR
Postal_Code: 97331
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 541-758-8783
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: brooke.penaluna@usda.gov
Contact Instructions: This contact information was current as of original publication date. For current information see Contact Us page on: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS.
Point_of_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: Oregon State University
Contact_Person: Stanley V. Gregory
Contact_Position: Emeritus Appointment
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 104 Nash Hall
Address: 2820 SW Campus Way
City: Corvallis
State_or_Province: OR
Postal_Code: 97331
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 541-737-1950
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: stanley.gregory@oregonstate.edu
Contact Instructions: This contact information was current as of original publication date. For current information see Contact Us page on: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS.
Data_Set_Credit:
Funding for this project was provided by 1) Meyer Memorial Trust (13090286); 2) Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board (12-3999-9914); 3) USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station; 4) Oregon State University; and 5) Bonneville Power Administration (90273, 92697).


Author Information:

Brooke E. Penaluna
USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7215-770X

Stanley V. Gregory
Oregon State University
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0081-0586

Randall Wildman
Oregon State University

Guillermo R. Giannico
Oregon State University
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4354-2390

Amanda M. Pollock
Oregon State University
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9658-2716
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Penaluna, Brooke E.
Originator: Gregory, Stanley V.
Originator: Wildman, Randall
Originator: Giannico, Guillermo R.
Originator: Pollock, Amanda M.
Publication_Date: Unknown
Title:
A large river in transition: Declining native fish abundance amidst rise of nonnative fishes in the Willamette River
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Other_Citation_Details:
[In review]
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Williams, Joshua E.
Originator: Gregory, Stanley V.
Originator: Wildman, Randall
Publication_Date: 2024
Title:
Fish assemblage structure and habitat relationships of a large floodplain river in western North America
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: River Research and Applications
Issue_Identification: 40(5): 809-820
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.4273
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Data_Quality_Information:
Attribute_Accuracy:
Attribute_Accuracy_Report:
Fish data were checked for accuracy by examining the species codes of captured individuals and looking for outliers in length or weight measurements. GPS coordinates were plotted, and points not on the river network were corrected or flagged.
Logical_Consistency_Report:
The data are logically consistent. The consistency was verified as part of the quality assurance that occurred during data analysis.
Completeness_Report:
Both captured and observed individuals are recorded in these data. In addition, this dataset contains all sampling locations during 2011-2013 and 2021-2023, including sites sampled below Willamette Falls. The “Equal_Effort_Subset” column denotes whether the record was included in the equal-effort subset used to analyze differences between decades while accounting for uneven sampling effort. This subset was created due to the 2011-2013 time period containing a greater number of sampling sites than the 2021-2023 period, so sites were randomly removed from 2011-2013 while ensuring that all fish species encountered were still included in the reduced data. Repeat surveys were not included in the equal-effort subset.

Fishes were identified to species, except for lamprey which were classified as “Lamprey spp.” due to most individuals being ammocoetes. The cells for species scientific name are left blank in the data for lamprey.

Other missing data, such as length and weight when fish were observed but not measured, are recorded as blank cells.
Lineage:
Methodology:
Methodology_Type: Field
Methodology_Description:
EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN

Sample sites were selected along the Willamette River, with 13 sentinel sites surveyed during each year of sampling, except for instances of high water temperatures preventing complete sampling. The remaining sample sites were randomly selected using the SLICES spatial framework (Hulse et al. 2002 and go to: https://hub.oregonexplorer.info and search for “Willamette Basin SLICES”), which partitions both the mainstem and off-channel slough areas of the Willamette River into approximately 1 kilometer (km) river lengths.


FIELD METHODS

Fish were sampled between early May and early October of each year (2011-2013 and 2021-2023). A 6.4 meter (m) boat with a Coffelt electrofisher and a Smith-Root backpack electrofisher was used for sampling. Sampling included 4 boat electroshocking passes and 4 backpack electrofishing samples in the mainstem river sections, while only 3 boat electroshocking passes were conducted in the off-channel slough areas. Each boat electroshocking survey was 200 m and occurred in a downstream direction 4-10 m from shore, at depths of 1-4 m. Nearshore habitats were sampled using a backpack electrofisher in 0.1 – 1.1 m depths. Fish greater than 30 millimeters (mm) fork length were captured by net (except for adult salmonids and sturgeon), identified to species, and measured. About 10% of captured fishes were also weighed.

Fishes were identified to species using Markle et al. (2016), except for lamprey which were classified as “Lamprey spp.” due to most individuals being ammocoetes. Fishes were identified in the field by trained field crews. Coho salmon and white sturgeon were classified as native species, as they are native below Willamette Falls, a natural barrier, but were introduced above it in the 1900s.


For more details, see Penaluna et al. (in review).
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Hulse, David (ed.)
Originator: Gregory, Stan (ed.)
Originator: Baker, Joan (ed.)
Publication_Date: 2002
Title:
8. River Restoration
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: book chapter
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Corvallis, OR
Publisher: Oregon State University Press
Other_Citation_Details:
pp. 131-146
Online_Linkage: https://www.fsl.orst.edu/pnwerc/wrb/Atlas_web_compressed/PDFtoc.html
Larger_Work_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Hulse, David (ed.)
Originator: Gregory, Stan (ed.)
Originator: Baker, Joan (ed.)
Publication_Date: 2002
Title:
Willamette River Basin atlas: Trajectories of environmental and ecological change
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: book
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Corvallis, OR
Publisher: Oregon State University Press
Other_Citation_Details:
192 p.
Online_Linkage: https://osupress.oregonstate.edu/book/willamette-river-basin-planning-atlas
Methodology_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Markle, Douglas F.
Originator: Tomelleri, Jospeh R.
Publication_Date: 2016
Title:
A guide to freshwater fishes of Oregon
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: book
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Corvallis, OR
Publisher: Oregon State University Press
Other_Citation_Details:
160 p.
Online_Linkage: https://osupress.oregonstate.edu/book/guide-to-freshwater-fishes-of-oregon
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
ESTIMATING WEIGHTS

Weights were estimated for fishes that were captured and had lengths recorded but were not weighed, using relationships determined from fish with both length and weight measurements. The weight was calculated using a logarithmic (base 10) relationship, of the form: log10(Weight) = log10(a) + b*log(Length), where a and b are constants. Length-weight relationships were calculated for each unique fish family identified during sampling.
Process_Date: Unknown
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Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
Overview_Description:
Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
Below you will find a list and description of the files included in this data publication.


VARIABLE DESCRIPTION FILE (1)

1. \Data\_variable_descriptions.csv: Comma-separated values (CSV) file containing a list and description of variables found in all data files. (A description of these variables is also provided in the metadata below.)

Columns include:

Filename = Name of data file
Variable = Name of variable
Units = Units (if applicable)
Precision = Precision (if applicable)
Description = Description of variable


DATA FILE (1)

1. \Data\Willamette_Fish_Archive_2011-2023.csv: CSV file containing data regarding fish captured or observed in the Willamette River, Oregon, USA from 2011 to 2023 as part of the Willamette River decadal assessment project.

Variables include:

HUC8 = Name of Hydrologic Unit Code (HUC) 8 that fish was sampled in:
Lower Willamette
Middle Willamette
Upper Willamette

WRDS_RB = Name of Willamette River Decadal Survey section:
Lower Willamette
Middle Willamette
Upper Willamette

Slice_Number = Willamette River slice number, using the SLICES framework to divide the river into approximately 1 kilometer lengths (for more details, go to: https://hub.oregonexplorer.info and search for “Willamette Basin SLICES”)

Slice_ID = Combination of Willamette River slice number and slice type (mainstem or off-channel) separated by underscore. Also includes distinction between the two separate off-channels present in slice 42 (42_East_off-channel and 42_Rock_off-channel).

Repeat_Survey = Denotes whether the survey was a repeat (previously sampled) during the year:
No = not a repeat survey/not previously sampled
Yes = repeat survey

Latitude = Latitude of sampling site (decimal degrees)

Longitude = Longitude of sampling site (decimal degrees)

Slice_Type = Describes slice category:
mainstem = mainstem river
off-channel = off-channel slough area

eFishing_Type = Method used to capture fish during sampling:
boat (reach) = boat electroshocking throughout the reach
backpack (microhabitat) = backpack electroshocker
beach seine (50 ft) = 50 foot beach seine

Native_Status = Describes whether the species is native or nonnative to the Willamette River basin:
native
nonnative
unknown = fish not identified

Year = Year that sampling occurred (2011, 2012, 2013, 2021, 2022, 2023)

Date = Date of the sampling event (MM/DD/YYYY)

Reach = Stream reach or sampling pass number within the slice (1-5)

Order = Order to which the fish belongs

Family = Family to which the fish belongs

Species_Code = Species code for the identified fish

Common_Name = Common name of the identified fish

Scientific_Name = Scientific name of the identified fish

Mortality = Denotes whether the fish was a mortality (1) or not (0)

Length_mm = Length of the fish (Unit: millimeters [mm]) (blank cell indicates fish not measured)

Length_Type = Method of measuring fish length:
Fork Length = fork length (most individuals)
Total Length = total length (sculpin)
Not Measured = length not measured

Final_Weight_g = Fish weight (grams) (blank cell indicates fish weight not measured or estimated)

Weight_Method = Method of determining fish weight:
Measured = measured in field with scale
Estimated = estimated based on fish length and length-weight relationship
Not Measured or Estimated = weight not measured or estimated

Seen_Not_Captured = Code describing whether fish was captured or only observed:
0 = fish captured (length usually measured)
1 = fish observed only (seen not captured)
2 = fish length approximate (in the case of sturgeon, because they were not netted)

Notes = Field and data notes about the identified fish (blank cells indicate no notes recorded)

Number_Observed = Number of fish observed (usually 1 in the case of captured and measured individuals).

GPS_Flag = Denotes whether there are suspected errors or corrections in the GPS coordinates (i.e., Latitude and Longitude):
0 = no flags or errors noted
1 = flag or error in GPS coordinates

GPS_Notes = Notes related to GPS coordinates (i.e., Latitude and Longitude) or GPS flag code (blank cells indicate no notes recorded)

Equal_Effort_Subset = Denotes whether identified fish were included in the equal-effort subset for analysis.
(A total of 156 1-km slices were surveyed in 2011–2013 and 108 were sampled in 2021–2023. To account for differences in effort, we created an “equal-effort” subset by randomly removing sites from 2011-2013 while ensuring that all fish species encountered were still included in the reduced data. Each decade contains 108 sampling sites upstream from Willamette Falls. Repeat surveys were not included in the equal-effort subset.)
Yes = included in equal-effort subset
No = not included in equal-effort subset

Sentinel = Denotes whether the sampling location was a sentinel site (Yes) or not (No)
Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:
Penaluna, Brooke E.; Gregory, Stanley V.; Wildman, Randall; Giannico, Guillermo R.; Pollock, Amanda M. [In review]. A large river in transition: Declining native fish abundance amidst rise of nonnative fishes in the Willamette River.
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Distribution_Information:
Distributor:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: USDA Forest Service, Research and Development
Contact_Position: Research Data Archivist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 240 West Prospect Road
City: Fort Collins
State_or_Province: CO
Postal_Code: 80526
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: see Contact Instructions
Contact Instructions: This contact information was current as of July 2025. For current information see Contact Us page on: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS.
Resource_Description: RDS-2024-0057
Distribution_Liability:
Metadata documents have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness. Unless otherwise stated, all data and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. However, neither the author, the Archive, nor any part of the federal government can assure the reliability or suitability of these data for a particular purpose. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed for a user's application of these data or related materials.

The metadata, data, or related materials may be updated without notification. If a user believes errors are present in the metadata, data or related materials, please use the information in (1) Identification Information: Point of Contact, (2) Metadata Reference: Metadata Contact, or (3) Distribution Information: Distributor to notify the author or the Archive of the issues.
Standard_Order_Process:
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: CSV
Format_Version_Number: see Format Specification
Format_Specification:
Comma-separated values file
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2024-0057
Fees: None
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Metadata_Reference_Information:
Metadata_Date: 20250724
Metadata_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: Oregon State University
Contact_Person: Stanley V. Gregory
Contact_Position: Emeritus Appointment
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 104 Nash Hall
Address: 2820 SW Campus Way
City: Corvallis
State_or_Province: OR
Postal_Code: 97331
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 541-737-1950
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: stanley.gregory@oregonstate.edu
Contact Instructions: This contact information was current as of original publication date. For current information see Contact Us page on: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS.
Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Biological Data Profile of the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001.1-1999
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