Ecological resilience and resistance to cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) invasion in southwestern U.S. drylands: 1980-2019

Metadata:

Identification_Information:
Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Chambers, Jeanne C.
Originator: Brown, Jessi L.
Originator: Campbell, Steve
Originator: Green, Shane A.
Originator: Reeves, Matthew C.
Originator: Schlaepfer, Daniel R.
Originator: Thacker, Vaughn
Publication_Date: 2024
Title:
Ecological resilience and resistance to cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) invasion in southwestern U.S. drylands: 1980-2019
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Fort Collins, CO
Publisher: Forest Service Research Data Archive
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2024-0072
Description:
Abstract:
Spatially explicit and climate sensitive information on the responses of ecosystems to global change processes is required for strategic planning and prioritization of conservation and restoration. Indicators of ecological resilience and invasion resistance (R&R) are used increasingly to understand the influence of climate regimes on ecosystem responses to global change processes and determine effective management strategies. We developed multiclass indicators of R&R based on proxy soil temperature and moisture regimes, or climate regimes, for southwestern U.S. drylands that accounted for precipitation seasonality and climate change at a scale of 1 kilometer (km) for the time period from 1980-2019. The climate variables that we used, mean annual temperature, precipitation, and monsoon index, allowed us to construct climate sensitive and ecologically meaningful climate regimes that mirrored the soil temperature and moisture regimes in the U.S. National Cooperative Soil Survey data and Ecological Site Descriptions that are widely used by managers in the western U.S. The climate regimes reflected the dominant ecological types and plant functional groups and allowed us to develop meaningful indicators of R&R. Particularly important was identification of a monsoon index value (0.30) to delineate areas with an ustic (summer moist) precipitation regime as indicated by the frequency of C4 vs. C3 grass species. The climate regimes included four temperature regimes (cryic, frigid, mesic, and hypermesic), both ustic and xeric/aridic moisture regimes, and multiple moisture subclasses based on average precipitation zones (PZ). These climate regimes were used to develop two spatial data layers (rasters in GeoTIFF format) representing R&R for the time period 1980-2019.
Purpose:
Previous indicators of ecological resilience and resistance to invasion (R&R) focused on the sagebrush biome and relied on soil temperature and moisture regimes mapped as part of the U.S. National Cooperative Soil Survey or climate and water availability indicators derived from ecohydrological process models. However, proxy soil temperature and moisture regimes (climate regimes), and their associated R&R indicators, based on atmospheric climate variables are likely preferable to those based on soil climate because (1) soil temperature and moisture regimes from the Soil Survey are static and challenges exist in evaluating climate change effects based on these indicators, (2) discontinuities exist in soil map units across state boundaries, and (3) many areas, notably some U.S. National Forests, do not yet have published soil surveys. The finer-scale climate regimes and multiclass R&R indicators that we developed allowed us to account for precipitation seasonality and thus to provide more accurate information on the likely responses to disturbances and climate suitability to the widespread invasive annual, cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum), across the southwest drylands. We expect the climate regimes and R&R indicators will provide valuable information for strategic planning and prioritization and will be useful to develop prioritization strategies for fire prevention and management, invasive species management, conservation of species habitat, and to evaluate restoration success.
Supplemental_Information:
For more information about these data, see Chambers et al. (in review).
Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 1980
Ending_Date: 2019
Currentness_Reference:
Ground condition
Status:
Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned
Spatial_Domain:
Description_of_Geographic_Extent:
Data represent the southwestern United States, including portions of Utah, Nevada, Arizona, Colorado, and New Mexico.
Bounding_Coordinates:
West_Bounding_Coordinate: -113.98650
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -107.13250
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 41.08500
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 33.70120
Keywords:
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: biota
Theme_Keyword: climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere
Theme_Keyword: environment
Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: National Research & Development Taxonomy
Theme_Keyword: Climate change
Theme_Keyword: Climate change effects
Theme_Keyword: Climatology
Theme_Keyword: Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment
Theme_Keyword: Landscape ecology
Theme_Keyword: Soil
Theme_Keyword: Forest & Plant Health
Theme_Keyword: Climate effects
Theme_Keyword: Invasive species
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Theme_Keyword: ecological resilience
Theme_Keyword: resistance to invasion
Theme_Keyword: soil temperature
Theme_Keyword: soil moisture
Theme_Keyword: climate regimes
Theme_Keyword: drylands
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Place_Keyword: southwestern United States
Place_Keyword: Nevada
Place_Keyword: Utah
Place_Keyword: Arizona
Place_Keyword: Colorado
Place_Keyword: New Mexico
Taxonomy:
Keywords/Taxon:
Taxonomic_Keyword_Thesaurus:
None
Taxonomic_Keywords: single species
Taxonomic_Keywords: plants
Taxonomic_Keywords: vegetation
Taxonomic_Keywords: grasses
Taxonomic_Keywords: Bromus tectorum
Taxonomic_Keywords: cheatgrass
Taxonomic_System:
Classification_System/Authority:
Classification_System_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: ITIS
Publication_Date: 2024
Title:
Integrated Taxonomic Information System
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: on-line database
Other_Citation_Details:
Retrieved [June, 6, 2024]; CC0: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode
Online_Linkage: https://www.itis.gov
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/F7KH0KBK
Taxonomic_Procedures:
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Kingdom
Taxon_Rank_Value: Plantae
Applicable_Common_Name: plantes
Applicable_Common_Name: Planta
Applicable_Common_Name: Vegetal
Applicable_Common_Name: plants
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Subkingdom
Taxon_Rank_Value: Viridiplantae
Applicable_Common_Name: green plants
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Infrakingdom
Taxon_Rank_Value: Streptophyta
Applicable_Common_Name: land plants
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Superdivision
Taxon_Rank_Value: Embryophyta
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Division
Taxon_Rank_Value: Tracheophyta
Applicable_Common_Name: vascular plants
Applicable_Common_Name: tracheophytes
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Subdivision
Taxon_Rank_Value: Spermatophytina
Applicable_Common_Name: spermatophytes
Applicable_Common_Name: seed plants
Applicable_Common_Name: phanérogames
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Class
Taxon_Rank_Value: Magnoliopsida
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Superorder
Taxon_Rank_Value: Lilianae
Applicable_Common_Name: monocots
Applicable_Common_Name: monocotyledons
Applicable_Common_Name: monocotylédones
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
Taxon_Rank_Value: Poales
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
Taxon_Rank_Value: Poaceae
Applicable_Common_Name: grasses
Applicable_Common_Name: graminées
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
Taxon_Rank_Value: Bromus
Applicable_Common_Name: brome
Applicable_Common_Name: brome spp.
Taxonomic_Classification:
Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
Taxon_Rank_Value: Bromus tectorum
Applicable_Common_Name: cheatgrass
Applicable_Common_Name: cheat grass
Applicable_Common_Name: downy brome
Applicable_Common_Name: early chess
Applicable_Common_Name: military grass
Applicable_Common_Name: wild oats
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:
These data were collected using funding from the U.S. Government and can be used without additional permissions or fees. If you use these data in a publication, presentation, or other research product please use the following citation:

Chambers, Jeanne C.; Brown, Jessi L.; Campbell, Steve; Green, Shane A.; Reeves, Matthew C.; Schlaepfer, Daniel R.; Thacker, Vaughn. 2024. Ecological resilience and resistance to cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) invasion in southwestern U.S. drylands: 1980-2019. Fort Collins, CO: Forest Service Research Data Archive. https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2024-0072
Point_of_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station
Contact_Person: Jeanne C. Chambers
Contact_Position: Quantitative Ecologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 920 Valley Rd
City: Reno
State_or_Province: NV
Postal_Code: 89512
Country: USA
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jeanne.chambers@usda.gov (or contact Jessi Brown: jessilbrown@gmail.com)
Contact Instructions: This contact information was current as of original publication date. For current information see Contact Us page on: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS.
Data_Set_Credit:
This work was supported by 1) the USDA Forest Service (FS), Bipartisan Infrastructure Law through FS Project ERR11, and 2) the USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station.


Author Information:

Jeanne C. Chambers
USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3111-269X

Jessi L. Brown
USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6126-7951

Steve Campbell
USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service

Shane A. Green
USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service

Matthew C. Reeves
USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3948-9574

Daniel R. Schlaepfer
U.S. Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9973-2065

Vaughn Thacker
USDA Forest Service, Pine Valley Ranger District
Native_Data_Set_Environment:
Geospatial data were accessed and manipulated in R 4.3.2.
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Chambers, Jeanne C.
Originator: Brown, Jessi L.
Originator: Campbell, Steve
Originator: Green, Shane A.
Originator: Reeves, Matthew
Originator: Schlaepfer, Daniel R.
Originator: Thacker, Vaughn
Publication_Date: Unknown
Title:
Indicators of ecological resilience and invasion resistance - accounting for precipitation seasonality and climate change in southwestern U.S. drylands
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Ecological Indicators
Other_Citation_Details:
[In review]
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Chambers, Jeanne C.
Originator: Brown, Jessi L.
Originator: Campbell, Steve
Originator: Green, Shane A.
Originator: Reeves, Matthew C.
Originator: Schlaepfer, Daniel R.
Originator: Thacker, Vaughn
Publication_Date: 2024
Title:
Proxy soil temperature and moisture regimes (climate regimes) in southwestern U.S. drylands: 1980-2019
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Fort Collins, CO
Publisher: Forest Service Research Data Archive
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2024-0070
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Chambers, Jeanne C.
Originator: Brown, Jessi L.
Originator: Campbell, Steve
Originator: Green, Shane A.
Originator: Reeves, Matthew C.
Originator: Schlaepfer, Daniel R.
Originator: Thacker, Vaughn
Publication_Date: 2024
Title:
Proxy soil temperature and moisture regimes (climate regimes) in southwestern U.S. drylands: 1980-1999 and 2000-2019
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Fort Collins, CO
Publisher: Forest Service Research Data Archive
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2024-0071
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Chambers, Jeanne C.
Originator: Brown, Jessi L.
Originator: Campbell, Steve
Originator: Green, Shane A.
Originator: Reeves, Matthew C.
Originator: Schlaepfer, Daniel R.
Originator: Thacker, Vaughn
Publication_Date: 2024
Title:
Ecological resilience and resistance to cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) invasion in southwestern U.S. drylands: 1980-1999 and 2000-2019
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Fort Collins, CO
Publisher: Forest Service Research Data Archive
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2024-0073
Analytical_Tool:
Analytical_Tool_Description:
R version 4.3.2. R is a language and environment for statistical computing and graphics.
Tool_Access_Information:
Online_Linkage: https://www.R-project.org/
Tool_Access_Instructions:
See website
Tool_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: R Core Team
Publication_Date: 202310
Title:
R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: software
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Vienna, Austria
Publisher: R Foundation for Statistical Computing
Online_Linkage: https://www.R-project.org/
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Data_Quality_Information:
Attribute_Accuracy:
Attribute_Accuracy_Report:
No formal tests or field validation were performed to assess attribute accuracy. Final map products were evaluated by subject matter experts for plausibility by comparison to satellite imagery and summaries of extents of coverage at ecoregional scales.
Logical_Consistency_Report:
The data are logically consistent. The consistency was verified as part of the quality assurance that occurred during data analysis.
Completeness_Report:
Values of resilience and resistance were assigned for all areas within the study area boundary, regardless of elevation or land cover.
Lineage:
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Chambers, Jeanne C.
Originator: Brown, Jessi L.
Originator: Campbell, Steve
Originator: Green, Shane A.
Originator: Reeves, Matthew C.
Originator: Schlaepfer, Daniel R.
Originator: Thacker, Vaughn
Publication_Date: 2024
Title:
Proxy soil temperature and moisture regimes (climate regimes) in southwestern U.S. drylands: 1980-2019
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Fort Collins, CO
Publisher: Forest Service Research Data Archive
Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2024-0070
Type_of_Source_Media: Online
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 19800101
Ending_Date: 20191231
Source_Currentness_Reference:
Ground Condition
Source_Citation_Abbreviation:
Chambers et al. (2024)
Source_Contribution:
Climate regime, representing proxy soil temperature regime, proxy soil moisture regime (including precipitation seasonality), and precipitation zone, for each pixel within the study area.
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: USDOI BLM (Bureau of Land Management)
Publication_Date: 2020
Title:
Assessment, inventory, and monitoring (AIM) data portal
Edition: 2.0
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Denver, CO
Publisher: Bureau of Land Management, National Operations Center
Online_Linkage: https://gbp-blm-egis.hub.arcgis.com/pages/aim
Type_of_Source_Media: Online
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 19800101
Ending_Date: 20191231
Source_Currentness_Reference:
Ground Condition
Source_Citation_Abbreviation:
USDOI BLM 2020
Source_Contribution:
Vegetation cover data along with ecological site ID assignment, which allows classification of the plot into a generalized ecological type, at plot locations throughout the study area.
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
We developed multiclass indicators of ecological resilience (resilience) and resistance to invasion by cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) at a scale of 1-kilometer (km) for the time period from 1980-2019. We based the indicators on proxy soil temperature and moisture regimes (climate regimes; Chambers et al. 2024) and information contained in ecological site descriptions (ESDs) associated with vegetation sample plots. The plots came from a large, existing database of vegetation sample plots compiled from regional monitoring programs, primarily the USDOI Bureau of Land Management Assessment, Inventory, and Monitoring (USDOI BLM 2020). We assigned R&R indicator classes (1 through 10) to the climate regimes based on literature review, expert knowledge, and information in the ESDs using a process like that used by Chambers et al. (2023). The multiclass values are ordinal, with the value1 being least resilient or resistant, but the classes are not necessarily linear.

The following table lists values of ecological resistance and resilience to invasion by cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) that were assigned to the proxy soil and temperature and moisture regimes, with terms being:

Resilience, Resistance, Soil temperature and soil moisture regimes, Mean annual temperature in degrees Celsius (degrees Fahrenheit), Monsoon index, Mean annual precipitation in centimeters (inches)
10, 10, Cryic Udic, <6.5 (43.7), >0.30, 55.9+ (22+)
10, 10, Cryic Udic, <6.5 (43.7), >0.30, 40.6-55.9 (16-22)
10, 10, Cryic Udic, <6.5 (43.7), >0.30, 30.5-40.6 (12-16)
10, 10, Cryic Xeric, <6.5 (43.7), <0.30, 66.0+ (26+)
9, 10, Cryic Xeric, <6.5 (43.7), <0.30, 50.8-66.0 (20-26)
9, 9, Cryic Xeric, <6.5 (43.7), <0.30, 35.6-50.8 (14-20)
9, 9, Frigid Ustic, 6.5 (43.7) to 8.5 (47.3), >0.30, 45.7+ (18+)
8, 9, Frigid Ustic, 6.5 (43.7) to 8.5 (47.3), >0.30, 35.6-54.7 (14-18)
7, 7, Frigid Ustic, 6.5 (43.7) to 8.5 (47.3), >0.30, 25.4-35.6 (10-14)
8, 8, Frigid Xeric, 6.5 (43.7) to 8.5 (47.3), <0.30, 45.7+ (18+)
7, 7, Frigid Xeric, 6.5 (43.7) to 8.5 (47.3), <0.30, 35.6-54.7 (14-18)
6, 6, Frigid Xeric-Aridic, 6.5 (43.7) to 8.5 (47.3), <0.30, 25.4-35.6 (10-14)
6, 7, Mesic Ustic, 8.5 (47.3) to 11.5 (52.7), >0.30, 35.6+ (14+)
4, 6, Mesic Ustic, 8.5 (47.3) to 11.5 (52.7), >0.30, 27.9-35.6 (11-14)
2, 4, Mesic Ustic, 8.5 (47.3) to 11.5 (52.7), >0.30, 17.8-27.9 (7-11)
6, 4, Mesic Xeric, 8.5 (47.3) to 11.5 (52.7), <0.30, 38.1+ (15+)
4, 2, Mesic Xeric-Aridic, 8.5 (47.3) to 11.5 (52.7), <0.30, 27.9-38.1 (11-15)
1, 1, Mesic Aridic, 8.5 (47.3) to 11.5 (52.7), <0.30, 17.8-27.9 (7-11)
4, 3, Hypermesic Ustic, 11.5 (52.7) to 14.5 (58.1), >0.30, 27.9+ (11+)
2, 4, Hypermesic Ustic, 11.5 (52.7) to 14.5 (58.1), >0.30, 20.3-27.9 (8-11)
1, 5, Hypermesic Ustic, 11.5 (52.7) to 14.5 (58.1), >0.30, 12.7-20.3 (5-8)
5, 4, Hypermesic Xeric, 11.5 (52.7) to 14.5 (58.1), <0.30, 38.1+ (15+)
3, 3, Hypermesic Xeric-Aridic, 11.5 (52.7) to 14.5 (58.1), <0.30, 27.9-38.1 (11-15)
1, 2, Hypermesic Aridic, 11.5 (52.7) to 14.5 (58.1), <0.30, 17.8-27.9 (7-11)


For more details, see Chambers et al. (in press).

Chambers, Jeanne C.; Brown, Jessi L.; Campbell, Steve; Green, Shane A.; Reeves, Matthew; Schlaepfer, Daniel R.; Thacker, Vaughn. [In review]. Indicators of ecological resilience and invasion resistance - accounting for precipitation seasonality and climate change in southwestern U.S. drylands. Ecological Indicators.

Chambers, Jeanne C.; Brown, Jessi L.; Bradford, John B.; Board, David I.; Campbell, Steven B.; Clause, Karen J.; Hanberry, Brice; Schlaepfer, Daniel R.; Urza, Alexandra K. 2023. New indicators of ecological resilience and invasion resistance to support prioritization and management in the sagebrush biome, United States. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 10: 1009268. https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2022.1009268 and https://research.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/65668
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation:
Chambers et al. (2024); USDOI BLM (2020)
Process_Date: 20240104
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Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster
Raster_Object_Information:
Raster_Object_Type: GridCell
Row_Count: 725
Column_Count: 720
Vertical_Count: 1
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Spatial_Reference_Information:
Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
Planar:
Map_Projection:
Map_Projection_Name: Albers Conical Equal Area
Albers_Conical_Equal_Area:
Standard_Parallel: 29.5
Standard_Parallel: 45.5
Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -96
Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 23
False_Easting: 0
False_Northing: 0
Planar_Coordinate_Information:
Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: Coordinate Pair
Coordinate_Representation:
Abscissa_Resolution: 1000.00
Ordinate_Resolution: 1000.00
Planar_Distance_Units: Meters
Geodetic_Model:
Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1983
Ellipsoid_Name: Geodetic Reference System 80
Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.0000
Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.25722210
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Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
Detailed_Description:
Entity_Type:
Entity_Type_Label: RSL_2024-01-04.tif
Entity_Type_Definition:
Raster geospatial data file.
Entity_Type_Definition_Source:
Producer Defined
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Value
Attribute_Definition:
Unique numeric values contained in each raster cell.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Producer Defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 1
Range_Domain_Maximum: 10
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: ecological resilience categories
Detailed_Description:
Entity_Type:
Entity_Type_Label: RST_2024-01-04.tif
Entity_Type_Definition:
Raster geospatial data file.
Entity_Type_Definition_Source:
Producer Defined
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Value
Attribute_Definition:
Unique numeric values contained in each raster cell.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Producer Defined
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 1
Range_Domain_Maximum: 10
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: resistance to invasion by cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum)
Overview_Description:
Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
Below you will find a list and description of the files included in this data publication.


DATA FILES (2)

1. \Data\RSL_2024-01-04.tif: Georeferenced (GeoTIFF) raster file (and associated files) containing multiclass indicators of ecological resilience to characterize conditions in the southwestern U.S. drylands for 1980-2019. The final spatial data layer is at a 1-kilometer (km) resolution and contains 10 levels of resilience. The multiclass values are ordinal, with the value 1 being least resilient, but the classes are not necessarily linear.

Please note that the raster value is the resilience value. The following table lists values of ecological resilience that were assigned to the proxy soil and temperature and moisture regimes, with terms being:

Resilience [raster value], Soil temperature and soil moisture regimes, Mean annual temperature in degrees Celsius (degrees Fahrenheit), Monsoon index, Mean annual precipitation in centimeters (inches)

10, Cryic Udic, <6.5 (43.7), >0.30, 55.9+ (22+)

10, Cryic Udic, <6.5 (43.7), >0.30, 40.6-55.9 (16-22)

10, Cryic Udic, <6.5 (43.7), >0.30, 30.5-40.6 (12-16)

10, Cryic Xeric, <6.5 (43.7), <0.30, 66.0+ (26+)

9, Cryic Xeric, <6.5 (43.7), <0.30, 50.8-66.0 (20-26)

9, Cryic Xeric, <6.5 (43.7), <0.30, 35.6-50.8 (14-20)

9, Frigid Ustic, 6.5 (43.7) to 8.5 (47.3), >0.30, 45.7+ (18+)

8, Frigid Ustic, 6.5 (43.7) to 8.5 (47.3), >0.30, 35.6-54.7 (14-18)

7, Frigid Ustic, 6.5 (43.7) to 8.5 (47.3), >0.30, 25.4-35.6 (10-14)

8, Frigid Xeric, 6.5 (43.7) to 8.5 (47.3), <0.30, 45.7+ (18+)

7, Frigid Xeric, 6.5 (43.7) to 8.5 (47.3), <0.30, 35.6-54.7 (14-18)

6, Frigid Xeric-Aridic, 6.5 (43.7) to 8.5 (47.3), <0.30, 25.4-35.6 (10-14)

6, Mesic Ustic, 8.5 (47.3) to 11.5 (52.7), >0.30, 35.6+ (14+)

4, Mesic Ustic, 8.5 (47.3) to 11.5 (52.7), >0.30, 27.9-35.6 (11-14)

2, Mesic Ustic, 8.5 (47.3) to 11.5 (52.7), >0.30, 17.8-27.9 (7-11)

6, Mesic Xeric, 8.5 (47.3) to 11.5 (52.7), <0.30, 38.1+ (15+)

4, Mesic Xeric-Aridic, 8.5 (47.3) to 11.5 (52.7), <0.30, 27.9-38.1 (11-15)

1, Mesic Aridic, 8.5 (47.3) to 11.5 (52.7), <0.30, 17.8-27.9 (7-11)

4, Hypermesic Ustic, 11.5 (52.7) to 14.5 (58.1), >0.30, 27.9+ (11+)

2, Hypermesic Ustic, 11.5 (52.7) to 14.5 (58.1), >0.30, 20.3-27.9 (8-11)

1, Hypermesic Ustic, 11.5 (52.7) to 14.5 (58.1), >0.30, 12.7-20.3 (5-8)

5, Hypermesic Xeric, 11.5 (52.7) to 14.5 (58.1), <0.30, 38.1+ (15+)

3, Hypermesic Xeric-Aridic, 11.5 (52.7) to 14.5 (58.1), <0.30, 27.9-38.1 (11-15)

1, Hypermesic Aridic, 11.5 (52.7) to 14.5 (58.1), <0.30, 17.8-27.9 (7-11)


2. \Data\RST_2024-01-04.tif: GeoTIFF raster file (and associated files) containing multiclass indicators of resistance to invasion by cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum), to characterize conditions in the southwestern U.S. drylands for 1980-2019. The final spatial data layer is at a 1-km resolution and contains 10 levels of resistance. The multiclass values are ordinal, with the value 1 being least resistance, but the classes are not necessarily linear.

Please note that the raster value is the resistance value. The following table lists values of ecological resistance to invasion by cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) that were assigned to the proxy soil and temperature and moisture regimes, with terms being:

Resistance [raster value], Soil temperature and soil moisture regimes, Mean annual temperature in degrees Celsius (degrees Fahrenheit), Monsoon index, Mean annual precipitation in centimeters (inches)

10, Cryic Udic, <6.5 (43.7), >0.30, 55.9+ (22+)

10, Cryic Udic, <6.5 (43.7), >0.30, 40.6-55.9 (16-22)

10, Cryic Udic, <6.5 (43.7), >0.30, 30.5-40.6 (12-16)

10, Cryic Xeric, <6.5 (43.7), <0.30, 66.0+ (26+)

10, Cryic Xeric, <6.5 (43.7), <0.30, 50.8-66.0 (20-26)

9, Cryic Xeric, <6.5 (43.7), <0.30, 35.6-50.8 (14-20)

9, Frigid Ustic, 6.5 (43.7) to 8.5 (47.3), >0.30, 45.7+ (18+)

9, Frigid Ustic, 6.5 (43.7) to 8.5 (47.3), >0.30, 35.6-54.7 (14-18)

7, Frigid Ustic, 6.5 (43.7) to 8.5 (47.3), >0.30, 25.4-35.6 (10-14)

8, Frigid Xeric, 6.5 (43.7) to 8.5 (47.3), <0.30, 45.7+ (18+)

7, Frigid Xeric, 6.5 (43.7) to 8.5 (47.3), <0.30, 35.6-54.7 (14-18)

6, Frigid Xeric-Aridic, 6.5 (43.7) to 8.5 (47.3), <0.30, 25.4-35.6 (10-14)

7, Mesic Ustic, 8.5 (47.3) to 11.5 (52.7), >0.30, 35.6+ (14+)

6, Mesic Ustic, 8.5 (47.3) to 11.5 (52.7), >0.30, 27.9-35.6 (11-14)

4, Mesic Ustic, 8.5 (47.3) to 11.5 (52.7), >0.30, 17.8-27.9 (7-11)

4, Mesic Xeric, 8.5 (47.3) to 11.5 (52.7), <0.30, 38.1+ (15+)

2, Mesic Xeric-Aridic, 8.5 (47.3) to 11.5 (52.7), <0.30, 27.9-38.1 (11-15)

1, Mesic Aridic, 8.5 (47.3) to 11.5 (52.7), <0.30, 17.8-27.9 (7-11)

3, Hypermesic Ustic, 11.5 (52.7) to 14.5 (58.1), >0.30, 27.9+ (11+)

4, Hypermesic Ustic, 11.5 (52.7) to 14.5 (58.1), >0.30, 20.3-27.9 (8-11)

5, Hypermesic Ustic, 11.5 (52.7) to 14.5 (58.1), >0.30, 12.7-20.3 (5-8)

4, Hypermesic Xeric, 11.5 (52.7) to 14.5 (58.1), <0.30, 38.1+ (15+)

3, Hypermesic Xeric-Aridic, 11.5 (52.7) to 14.5 (58.1), <0.30, 27.9-38.1 (11-15)

2, Hypermesic Aridic, 11.5 (52.7) to 14.5 (58.1), <0.30, 17.8-27.9 (7-11)



SUPPLEMENTAL FILES (1)

1. \Supplements\RnR_Mapped_2024-09-13.tif: Tagged Image File format (TIFF) containing a formatted map of multiclass indicators of ecological resilience and resistance to invasion by cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum), characterizing conditions in the southwestern U.S. drylands. (Useful for visualization of data without needing to import GeoTIFF to GIS software.)
Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:
Chambers, Jeanne C.; Brown, Jessi L.; Campbell, Steve; Green, Shane A.; Reeves, Matthew; Schlaepfer, Daniel R.; Thacker, Vaughn. [In review]. Indicators of ecological resilience and invasion resistance - accounting for precipitation seasonality and climate change in southwestern U.S. drylands. Ecological Indicators.
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Distribution_Information:
Distributor:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: USDA Forest Service, Research and Development
Contact_Position: Research Data Archivist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 240 West Prospect Road
City: Fort Collins
State_or_Province: CO
Postal_Code: 80526
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: see Contact Instructions
Contact Instructions: This contact information was current as of October 2024. For current information see Contact Us page on: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS.
Resource_Description: RDS-2024-0072
Distribution_Liability:
Metadata documents have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness. Unless otherwise stated, all data and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. However, neither the author, the Archive, nor any part of the federal government can assure the reliability or suitability of these data for a particular purpose. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed for a user's application of these data or related materials.

The metadata, data, or related materials may be updated without notification. If a user believes errors are present in the metadata, data or related materials, please use the information in (1) Identification Information: Point of Contact, (2) Metadata Reference: Metadata Contact, or (3) Distribution Information: Distributor to notify the author or the Archive of the issues.
Standard_Order_Process:
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: TIF
Format_Version_Number: see Format Specification
Format_Specification:
Georeferenced (GeoTIFF) raster file (and associated files) or Tagged Image Format file (TIFF)
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Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2024-0072
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Metadata_Reference_Information:
Metadata_Date: 20241018
Metadata_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station
Contact_Person: Jeanne C. Chambers
Contact_Position: Quantitative Ecologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 920 Valley Rd
City: Reno
State_or_Province: NV
Postal_Code: 89512
Country: USA
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jeanne.chambers@usda.gov (or contact Jessi Brown: jessilbrown@gmail.com)
Contact Instructions: This contact information was current as of original publication date. For current information see Contact Us page on: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS.
Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Biological Data Profile of the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001.1-1999
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