Foliar metabolism and physiology of tulip poplar, black cherry, and sugar maple growing in three different soil series, each with different taxonomic characteristics and chemistry, in the Monongahela National Forest, West Virginia, USA

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Entity_and_Attribute_Information:

Overview_Description:

Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:

Below you will find a list and description of the files included in this data publication.


VARIABLE DESCRIPTION FILE (1)

1. \Data\_variable_descriptions.csv: Comma-separated values (CSV) file containing a list and description of variables found in all data files. (A description of these variables is also provided in the metadata below.)

Columns include:

Filename = name of data file
Variable = name of variable
Units = units (if applicable)
Precision = precision (if applicable)
Description = description of variable


DATA FILES (2)

1. \Data\FOLIAGE_Minocha_MNF.csv: CSV file containing metabolite/physiology data from foliage collected at nine sites within the Monongahela National Forest. Species included in one-time sampling in 2003 include black cherry, sugar maple, and tulip poplar. (NOTE: -888.88 denotes data not available (na), -999.99 denotes no analysis for that sample)

Variables include:

orig_tube = In-house label given to pre-weighed tubes linking sample data to sample information in field book

rel_tube = In-house sample identification linking sample information with analytical data

coll_date = Date sample collected: August, 2003

project = Project name: Desert Branch Watershed-Monongahela National Forest (DBW-MNF)

tissue = Type of sample collected from each site: foliage

tree_# = Assigned tree number

species_common = Common name of the tree species from which foliage was collected
black cherry
sugar maple
tulip poplar

species_scientific = Scientific name of the tree species from which foliage was collected
Prunus serotina Ehrh.
Acer saccharum Marsh.
Liriodendron tulipifera L.

site_code = Alpha-numeric code given to each collection site within the MNF (NOTE *: sites FSWV03067008 & FSWV03067009 are < 150 feet apart, they were considered to be separate sites for soil sampling, but the same for foliar sampling)
FSWV03067001
FSWV03067002
FSWV03067003
FSWV03067004
FSWV03067005
FSWV03067006
FSWV03067007
FSWV03067008/9*

GPS_coord = GPS coordinates for each collection site within the MNF (latitude and longitude in decimal degrees) (NOTE **: GPS coordinates for sites FSWV03067001/4/6 are approximate)
FSWV03067001 = 38.238851, -80.492552
FSWV03067002 = 38.238800, -80.49348
FSWV03067003 = 38.239300, -80.494217
FSWV03067004 = 38.239057, -80.494727
FSWV03067005 = 38.238683, -80.491300
FSWV03067006 = 38.238870, -80.491659
FSWV03067007 = 38.237383, -80.483567
FSWV03067008/9 = 38.240567, -80.483000/38.242567, -80.482217

site_topo_position = Topographical description as to how each site is situated in the DBW-MNF
back slope position located below a ridge
bench located at midslope
floodplain
midslope
midslope where head slope is downslope from a bench
toeslope
toeslope located above a bench at midslope of mountain

aspect = Topographical aspect of each site in the DBW-MNF: All sites are northerly facing

elevation = Elevation of each site: Ranges from 853 to 1029 meters

parent_material = Underlying geological material in which soil horizons formed for each site
FSWV03067001/2/4/6/7/8/9 = colluvium
FSWV03067003 = alluvium
FSWV03067005 = residuum

soil_temp = Soil temperature regime for each site:
FSWV03067001/2/3/4/5/6/8/9 = mesic (mean annual soil temperature ≥ 8 °Celsius [°C] < 15 °C)
FSWV03067007 = frigid (mean annual soil temperature ˃ 0 °C < 8 °C)

soil_series_2003 = Soil series for each site based on Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) protocols used to describe the soil profile at the time of collection in 2003
FSWV03067001 = Ernest (inclusion)
FSWV03067002/4/8/9 = Buchanan-like
FSWV03067003 = Buchanan
FSWV03067005 = Gilpin
FSWV03067006 = Ernest-like
FSWV03067007 = Snowdog-like

WSS_soil_series_2020 = Soil series for each site using the USDA-NRCS Web Soil Survey tool (WSS) for soils mapped in that area in 2020
FSWV03067001/5/6/7 = Clifftop channery (CnE)
FSWV03067002/3/4/9 = Buchanan (BvE)
FSWV03067008 = Clifftop-Buchanan complex (CoF)

WSS_map_unit_name = Soil series description for each site from the USDA-NRCS WSS for soils mapped in that area in 2020
FSWV03067001/5/6/7 = Clifftop channery silt loam, 15 to 35 percent slopes, very stony
FSWV03067002/3/4/9 = Buchanan gravelly sandy loam, moist, 15 to 35 percent slopes, extremely stony
FSWV03067008 = Clifftop-Buchanan complex, 35 to 70 percent slopes, extremely stony

Put = 5% Perchloric Acid (PCA) soluble Putrescine by High-Performance Liquid Chromatograph, fluorescence (HPLC) (Free polyamines and amino acids were extracted according to Minocha et al. (1994) and analyzed using methods found in Minocha et al. (2004) following guidance within EPA (U.S. EPA 2018: EPA SW-846 compendium, method 8000D). Units: nanomoles per gram fresh weight (nmol g⁻¹ FW)

Spd = 5% PCA soluble Spermidine by HPLC in nmol g⁻¹ FW

Spm = 5% PCA soluble Spermine by HPLC in nmol g⁻¹ FW

Spd_Put = Ratio of Spermidine:Putrescine in nmol g⁻¹ FW

Asp = 5% PCA soluble Aspartic Acid by HPLC in nmol g⁻¹ FW

Glu = 5% PCA soluble Glutamic Acid by HPLC in nmol g⁻¹ FW

Gln = 5% PCA soluble Glutamine by HPLC in nmol g⁻¹ FW

Ser+Met Minor = 5% PCA soluble Serine + Minor Methionine peak (≤ 20%) by HPLC (HPLC system was unable to separate these 2 amino acids) in nmol g⁻¹ FW

Arg = 5% PCA soluble Arginine by HPLC in nmol g⁻¹ FW

Thr = 5% PCA soluble Threonine by HPLC in nmol g⁻¹ FW

Arg+Thr = 5% PCA soluble Arginine + Threonine by HPLC (HPLC system was unable to separate these 2 amino acids) in nmol g⁻¹ FW

Gly = 5% PCA soluble Glycine by HPLC in nmol g⁻¹ FW

Pro = 5% PCA soluble Proline by HPLC in nmol g⁻¹ FW

GABA = 5% PCA soluble gamma-Aminobutyric Acid by HPLC in nmol g⁻¹ FW

Val = 5% PCA soluble Valine by HPLC in nmol g⁻¹ FW

Met = 5% PCA soluble Methionine by HPLC in nmol g⁻¹ FW

Ile = 5% PCA soluble Isoleucine by HPLC in nmol g⁻¹ FW

Leu = 5% PCA soluble Leucine by HPLC in nmol g⁻¹ FW

Trp = 5% PCA soluble Tryptophan by HPLC in nmol g⁻¹ FW

Phe = 5% PCA soluble Phenylalanine by HPLC in nmol g⁻¹ FW

Cys+Cystine = 5% PCA soluble Cysteine + Cystine by HPLC (HPLC system was unable to separate these 2 amino acids) in nmol g⁻¹ FW

Orn = 5% PCA soluble Ornithine by HPLC in nmol g⁻¹ FW

Lys = 5% PCA soluble Lysine by HPLC in nmol g⁻¹ FW

His = 5% PCA soluble Histidine by HPLC in nmol g⁻¹ FW

Exch_Ca = 5% Perchloric Acid (PCA) soluble calcium by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrophotometer (ICP-OES) (5% Perchloric Acid soluble/exchangeable Ions were extracted and analyzed as found in Minocha et al. (2010) and in accordance with EPA (U.S. EPA 2014: EPA SW-846 compendium, method 6010). Extraction is somewhat similar to EPA method 3050 and Minocha et al. (2015) shows that 1N HCl can also be used efficiently to extract equivalent amounts of soluble ions. Units: micromoles per gram fresh weight (µmol g⁻¹ FW)

Exch_K = 5% PCA soluble potassium by ICP-OES in µmol g⁻¹ FW

Exch_Mg = 5% PCA soluble magnesium by ICP-OES in µmol g⁻¹ FW

Exch_P = 5% PCA soluble phosphorous by ICP-OES in µmol g⁻¹ FW

Exch_Mn = 5% PCA soluble manganese by ICP-OES in µmol g⁻¹ FW

Exch_Al = 5% PCA soluble aluminum by ICP-OES in µmol g⁻¹ FW

Exch_Fe = 5% PCA soluble iron by ICP-OES in µmol g⁻¹ FW

Exch_Zn = 5% PCA soluble zinc by ICP-OES in µmol g⁻¹ FW

Tot_Chl = Total chlorophyll by Ultraviolet/Visible Spectrophotometer, absorption (chlorophyll was extracted in 95% ethanol (Minocha et al. 2009) and quantified according to Lichtenthaler (1987)). Units: µmol g⁻¹ FW

Chl_a = Chlorophyll a by spectrophotometer in µmol g⁻¹ FW

Chl_b = Chlorophyll b by spectrophotometer in µmol g⁻¹ FW

Chl_ab = Ratio of chlorophyll a:b

Sol_Prot = Soluble proteins by Ultraviolet/Visible Spectrophotometer, absorption (Soluble proteins were extracted in Tris buffer as found in Jones et al. (1989) and quantified using Bio-Rad™ Protein Assay; based on Bradford Method (Bradford 1976)). Units: milligrams per gram fresh weight (mg g⁻¹ FW)

Tot_N = Total nitrogen by CHNS Combustion Elemental Analyzer with an adaption in the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC 2006: Official Method 990.03. Protein (crude) in animal feed, combustion method). Units: percentage (%)

Tot_Ca = Total calcium by ICP-OES; extracted using an adaptation of EPA (U.S. EPA 2007: EPA SW-846 compendium, method 3051A) and quantified with a method adapted from EPA (U.S. EPA 2014: SW-846 compendium, method 6010D). Units: %

Tot_K = Total potassium by ICP-OES. Units: %

Tot_Mg = Total magnesium by ICP-OES. Units: %

Tot_P = Total phosphorous by ICP-OES. Units: %

Tot_Mn = Total manganese by ICP-OES in milligrams per kilogram (mg kg⁻¹)

Tot_Al = Total aluminum by ICP-OES in mg kg⁻¹

Tot_Fe = Total iron by ICP-OES in mg kg⁻¹

Tot_Zn = Total zinc by ICP-OES in mg kg⁻¹

Tot_B = Total boron by ICP-OES in mg kg⁻¹

Tot_Cu = Total copper by ICP-OES in mg kg⁻¹



2. \Data\SOIL_Minocha_MNF.csv: CSV file containing corresponding soil characteristics and soil pit data collected from the same nine sites within the Monongahela National Forest in 2003. Soils were collected from pits hand excavated to various depths. (NOTE: -888.88 denotes data not available (na), -999.99 denotes no analysis for that sample)

Variables include:

soil_sample = In-house sample identification linking sample information with analytical data

coll_date = Date sample collected: June, 2003

project = Project name: Desert Branch Watershed-Monongahela National Forest (DBW-MNF)

site_code = Alpha-numeric code given to each collection site within the DBW in the MNF (NOTE *: sites FSWV03067008 & FSWV03067009 are < 150 feet apart, they were considered to be separate sites for soil sampling, but the same for foliar sampling)
FSWV03067001
FSWV03067002
FSWV03067003
FSWV03067004
FSWV03067005
FSWV03067006
FSWV03067007
FSWV03067008*
FSWV03067009*

GPS_coord** = GPS coordinates for each collection site within the DBW in the MNF (latitude and longitude in decimal degrees) (NOTE **: GPS coordinates for sites FSWV03067001/4/6 are approximate)
FSWV03067001 = 38.238851, -80.492552**
FSWV03067002 = 38.238800, -80.49348
FSWV03067003 = 38.239300, -80.494217
FSWV03067004 = 38.239057, -80.494727**
FSWV03067005 = 38.238683, -80.491300
FSWV03067006 = 38.238870, -80.491659**
FSWV03067007 = 38.237383, -80.483567
FSWV03067008 = 38.240567, -80.483000
FSWV03067009 = 38.242567, -80.482217

site_topo_position = Topographical description as to how each site is situated in the DBW-MNF

aspect = Topographical aspect of each site in the DBW-MNF: All sites are northerly facing

elevation = Elevation of each site: Ranges from 853 to 1029 meters

parent_material = Underlying geological material in which soil horizons formed for each site
FSWV03067001/2/4/6/7/8/9 = colluvium
FSWV03067003 = alluvium
FSWV03067005 = residuum

soil_temp = Soil temperature regime for each site
FSWV03067001/2/3/4/5/6/8/9 = mesic (mean annual soil temperature ≥ 8 °C < 15 °C)
FSWV03067007 = frigid (mean annual soil temperature ˃ 0 °C < 8 °C)

Pedon_ID = A three-dimensional unit of soil containing all horizons used to taxinomically classify soil type applied in this case to extrapolate bulk density values
79WV067010 = Buchanan
79WV067007 = Ernest
79WV067011 = Gilpin
95WV093006 = Snowdog

soil_series_2003 = Soil series for each site based on Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) protocols used to describe the soil profile at the time of collection in 2003
FSWV03067001 = Ernest (inclusion)
FSWV03067002/4/8/9 = Buchanan-like
FSWV03067003 = Buchanan
FSWV03067005 = Gilpin
FSWV03067006 = Ernest-like
FSWV03067007 = Snowdog-like

WSS_soil_series_2020 = Soil series for each site using the USDA-NRCS Web Soil Survey tool (WSS) for soils mapped in that area in 2020
FSWV03067001/5/6/7 = Clifftop channery (CnE)
FSWV03067002/3/4/9 = Buchanan (BvE)
FSWV03067008 = Clifftop-Buchanan complex (CoF)

WSS_map_unit_name = Soil series description for each site from the USDA-NRCS WSS for soils mapped in that area in 2020
FSWV03067001/5/6/7 = Clifftop channery silt loam, 15 to 35 percent slopes, very stony
FSWV03067002/3/4/9 = Buchanan gravelly sandy loam, moist, 15 to 35 percent slopes, extremely stony
FSWV03067008 = Clifftop-Buchanan complex, 35 to 70 percent slopes, extremely stony

WSS_scale = Scale at which soils were identified using the USDA-NRCS WSS: 1 inch = 1000 feet

soil_horizon = Soil horizon. Numbers denote that Horizon has more than 1 distinct layer.
Master Horizons:
O = Organic, made of wholly or partially decayed plant and animal debris
A = Top soil, surface mineral layer where organic matter accumulates
B = Sub Soil, the "zone of accumulation" with lower organic matter content than topsoil
E = "Eluviated", a leached mineral horizon that lies between A & B horizons
C = Parent material of soil
Subordinate distinctions of master horizons:
g = Strong gleying
h = Illuvial accumulation of organic matter
t = Accumulation of illuviated or translocated silicate clay
w = Development of color/structure with no apparent illuvial material
x = Fragipan character of firm, brittle, very coarse prisms with some root restriction

soil_depth = Depth at which soil sample was collected. Units: centimeters (cm)

root_presence = Qualitative determination of roots by soil horizon done in the field
abundant fine and very fine
few fine, few medium
many fine, few fine, few medium
many fine, few very fine, few medium
no roots
no roots-fragipan
no roots-fragipan or dense layer of rock fragments

bulk_density_wet = Proportion of the wet weight of soil relative to its volume, a measure of soil porosity on a wet weight basis: These values were not measured on site but are extrapolated from data found in NRCS NASIS and NCSS soil databases that were collected using various methods (Blake et al. 1986; Grossman et al. 2001; Jenkins 2002). Data are considered to be best estimates for forest soils in this region. (THESE ARE EXTRAPOLATED DATA.)

bulk_density_dry = Proportion of the dry weight of soil relative to its volume, a measure of soil porosity on a dry weight basis. (THESE ARE EXTRAPOLATED DATA.)

soil_pH_water = Soil pH measured in distilled water by pH meter (Fernandez 1998; McLean 1982; Eckert et al. 2011)

LOI = Percent of organic matter measured by loss on ignition (LOI)-drying for 24 hours in a muffle furnace at 550 °C (Robarge et al. 1987)

Tot_N = Total Soil nitrogen determined by combustion and C/N Elemental Analyzer (Robarge et al. 1987; Zimmerman et al. 1997). Units: %

Tot_C = Total Soil Carbon determined by combustion and C/N Elemental Analyzer. Units: %

Exch_Ca = Soil exchangeable calcium by displacement with 1 M Ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl), quantified by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrophotometer (ICP-OES) (Robarge et al. 1987; https://www.usgs.gov/media/files/exch-cations). Units: parts per million (ppm) or milligrams per kilogram (mg kg⁻¹)

Exch_K = Soil exchangeable potassium by displacement with 1 M NH₄Cl, quantified by ICP-OES in ppm or mg kg⁻¹

Exch_Mg = Soil exchangeable magnesium by displacement with 1 M NH₄Cl, quantified by ICP-OES in ppm or mg kg⁻¹

Exch_P = Soil exchangeable phosphorous by displacement with 1 M NH₄Cl, quantified by ICP-OES in ppm or mg kg⁻¹

Exch_Al = Soil exchangeable aluminum by displacement with 1 M NH₄Cl, quantified by ICP-OES in ppm or mg kg⁻¹

Exch_Fe = Soil exchangeable iron by displacement with 1 M NH₄Cl, quantified by ICP-OES in ppm or mg kg⁻¹

Exch_Mn = Soil exchangeable manganese by displacement with 1 M NH₄Cl, quantified by ICP-OES in ppm or mg kg⁻¹

Exch_Na = Soil exchangeable sodium by displacement with 1 M NH₄Cl, quantified by ICP-OES in ppm or mg kg⁻¹

exch_acidity = Exchangeable acidity extracted in 1M Potassium chloride (KCl), measured by titration (Ross and Ketterings 2011; Thomas 1982; Logan et al. 1985a,b) Units: milliequivalent per 100 grams soil (meq 100 g⁻¹)

ECEC = Effective Cation Exchange Capacity (ECEC) calculated by the summation of milliequivalent levels of Ca, K, Mg, Na, and acidity (Ross and Ketterings 2011; Thomas 1982; Logan et al. 1985a,b) Units: meq 100 g⁻¹

Ca_SrCl2 ext = Calcium in soil considered to be plant available extracted in 0.01 M strontium chloride (SrCl₂), analyzed by ICP-OES according to Joslin et al. (1988) Units: ppm or mg kg⁻¹

Al_SrCl2 ext = Aluminum in soil considered to be plant available extracted in 0.01 M SrCl₂ analyzed by ICP-OES. Units: ppm or mg kg⁻¹

Ca:Al Ratio_SrCl2 ext = Molar ratio of calcium:aluminum in 0.01 M SrCl₂ extracts, Soil:Extract Ratio; interpretation of results based on research by Cronan et al. (1995)

Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:

Association of Official Analytical Chemists International (AOAC). 2006. Official method 990.03. Protein (crude) in animal feed, combustion method. In: Horwitz, William; Latimer, George (eds.). Official methods of analysis of AOAC International. Eighteenth Edition, Revision 1. Gaithersburg, MD: AOAC International. pp. 30-31.

Blake, G.R.; Hartge, Karl H. 1986. Chapter 13: bulk density. In: Klute, Arnold (ed.). Methods of soil analysis, part 1-physical and mineralogical methods. Second Edition. Soil Science Society of America Book Series. American Society of Agronomy, Inc. and Soil Science Society of America, Inc. pp. 363-375. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssabookser5.1.2ed.c13

Bradford, Marion M. 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein–dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry. 72(1-2): 248-254. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(76)90527-3

Cronan, Christopher S.; Grigal, David F. 1995. Use of calcium/aluminum ratios as indicators of stress in forest ecosystems. Journal of Environmental Quality. 24(2): 209-226. https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1995.00472425002400020002x

Eckert, Donald; Sims, J. Thomas. 2011. Chapter 3: Recommended soil pH and lime requirement tests. In: Sims, J.T.; Wolf, A. (eds.). Recommended soil testing procedures for the northeastern United States. Third Edition. Northeast Regional Bulletin #493. Newark, DE: Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Delaware. pp. 19-26. https://www.udel.edu/content/dam/udelImages/canr/pdfs/extension/factsheets/soiltest-recs/CHAP3.pdf

Fernandez, Ivan J. 1988. Preliminary protocols for sampling and analysis of ash and sludge amended forest soils. Maine Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletins 818. Orono, ME: Maine Agricultural and Forest Experiment Station. pp. 1-24. https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/aes_bulletin/131

Grossman, R.B.; Harms, D.S.; Kingsbury, D.F.; Shaw, R.K.; Jenkins, A.B. 2000. Assessment of soil organic carbon using the U.S. soil survey. In: Lal, R.; Kimble, John M; Follett, Ronald F.; Stewart, B.A. (eds.). Assessment methods for soil carbon. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. 696 p. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/mono/10.1201/9781482278644-15/assessment-soil-organic-carbon-using-soil-survey-john-kimble-ronald-follett-stewart

Jenkins, Anthony B. 2002. Organic carbon and fertility of forest soils on the Allegheny Plateau of West Virginia. Morgantown, WV: West Virginia University. M.S. Thesis. https://doi.org/10.33915/etd.1525

Jones, Clive G.; Hare, J.D.; Compton, Steve J. 1989. Measuring plant protein with the Bradford assay. Journal of Chemical Ecology. 15: 979-992. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01015193

Lichtenthaler, Hartmut K. 1987. Chlorophylls and carotenoids: Pigments of photosynthetic biomembranes. Methods in Enzymology. 148: 350-382. https://doi.org/10.1016/0076-6879(87)48036-1

Logan, K.A.B.; Floate, M.J.S.; Ironside, A.D. 1985a. Determination of exchangeable acidity and exchangeable aluminium in hill soils. Part 1 exchangeable acidity. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis. 16(3): 301-308. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103628509367604

Logan, K.A.B.; Floate, M.J.S.; Ironside, A.D. 1985b. Determination of exchangeable acidity and exchangeable aluminium in hill soils. Part 2 exchangeable aluminium. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis. 16(3): 309-314. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103628509367605

McLean, Eugene O. 1982. Soil pH and Lime Requirements. In: Page, A.L. (ed.). Methods of soil analysis, part 2-chemical and microbiological properties, Agronomy Monograph 9. Second Edition. Agronomy Monographs. American Society of Agronomy, Inc. and Soil Science Society of America, Inc. pp. 199-224. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronmonogr9.2.2ed.c12

Minocha, Rakesh; Shortle, Walter C.; Long, Stephanie; Minocha, Subhash C. 1994. A rapid and reliable procedure for extraction of cellular polyamines and inorganic ions from plant tissues. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation. 13: 187-193. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00226036 and https://research.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/13178

Minocha, Rakesh; Long, Stephanie. 2004. Simultaneous separation and quantitation of amino acids and polyamines of forest tree tissues and cell cultures within a single HPLC run using dansyl derivatization. Journal of Chromatography A. 1035(1): 63-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2004.02.026 and https://research.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/9417

Minocha, Rakesh; Martinez, Gabriela; Lyons, Benjamin; Long, Stephanie. 2009. Development of a standardized methodology for quantifying total chlorophyll and carotenoids from foliage of hardwood and conifer tree species. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 39(4): 849-861. https://doi.org/10.1139/x09-015 and https://research.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/19820

Minocha, Rakesh; Long, Stephanie; Thangavel, Palaniswamy; Minocha, Subhash C.; Eagar, Christopher; Driscoll, Charles T. 2010. Elevation dependent sensitivity of northern hardwoods to Ca addition at Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, NH, USA. Forest Ecology and Management. 260(12): 2115-2124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2010.09.002 and https://research.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/43605

Minocha, Rakesh; Chamberlain, Bradley; Long, Stephanie; Turlapati, Swathi A.; Quigley, Gloria. 2015. Extraction and estimation of the quantity of calcium oxalate crystals in the foliage of conifer and hardwood trees. Tree Physiology. 35(5): 574-580. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpv031 and https://research.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/48697

National Cooperative Soil Survey. Unknown. National cooperative soil survey soil characterization database. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. http://ncsslabdatamart.sc.egov.usda.gov/ (Accessed between 2003 and 2024)

Robarge, Wayne P.; Fernandez, Ivan J. 1987. Quality assurance methods manual for laboratory analytical techniques. Corvallis, OR: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and USDA Forest Response Program, Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory. https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPURL.cgi?Dockey=940030GG.TXT

Ross, Donald S.; Ketterings, Quirine. 2011. Chapter 9: recommended methods for determining soil cation exchange capacity. In: Sims, J.T.; Wolf, A. (eds.). Recommended soil testing procedures for the northeastern United States. Third Edition. Northeast Regional Bulletin #493. Newark, DE: Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Delaware. pp. 75-86. https://www.udel.edu/content/dam/udelImages/canr/pdfs/extension/factsheets/soiltest-recs/CHAP9-2009-2018.pdf

Soil Survey Staff. Unknown. Web soil survey. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. https://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov/app/ (Accessed 2003 and 2023)

Thomas, Grant W. 1982. Chapter 9: exchangeable cations. In: Page, A.L. (ed.). Methods of soil analysis, part 2—chemical and microbiological properties, Agronomy Monograph 9. Second Edition. Agronomy Monographs. American Society of Agronomy, Inc. and Soil Science Society of America, Inc. pp. 159-165. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronmonogr9.2.2ed.c9

U.S. EPA. 2007. Method 3051A (SW-846): Microwave Assisted Acid Digestion of Sediments, Sludges, and Oils, Revision 1. Washington, D.C. https://www.epa.gov/esam/us-epa-method-3051a-microwave-assisted-acid-digestion-sediments-sludges-and-oils

U.S. EPA. 2014. SW-846 Test Method 6010D: Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry, Revision 4. Washington, D.C. https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2015-12/documents/6010d.pdf

U.S. EPA. 2018. SW-846 Test Method 8000D: Determinative Chromatographic Separations, Revision 5. Washington, D.C. https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2015-12/documents/8000d.pdf

USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service. Unknown. National soil information system (NASIS). U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/resources/education-and-teaching-materials/national-soil-information-system-nasi (Accessed between 2003 and 2024)

Zimmerman, Carl F.; Keefe, Carolyn W.; Bashe, Jerry. 1997. Method 440.0 determination of carbon and nitrogen in sediments and particulates of estuarine/coastal waters using elemental analysis. EPA/600/R-15/009. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?Lab=NERL&dirEntryId=309418

Metadata_Reference_Information:

Metadata_Date: 20241118

Metadata_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station

Contact_Person: Stephanie Long

Contact_Position: Biological Technician

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical

Address: 271 Mast Road

City: Durham

State_or_Province: NH

Postal_Code: 03824

Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 603-868-7623 or 7622

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: stephanie.long2@usda.gov

Contact Instructions: This contact information was current as of original publication date. For current information see Contact Us page on: https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS.

Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Biological Data Profile of the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata

Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001.1-1999