{"conformsTo":"https:\/\/project-open-data.cio.gov\/v1.1\/schema","dataset":[{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Marcell Experimental Forest cumulative hydrology database, 1960-2000","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2005-0001","description":"This database contains soils, weather, and hydrologic data collected at the Marcell Experimental Forest from 1960-2000. The data came from six peatland \/ upland forest watersheds instrumented for hydrologic monitoring.\n\nThe particular variables measured are daily temperature (maximum, minimum, average), daily precipitation, daily water table, daily runoff, monthly water table, monthly maximum runoff (maximum flow head height, peak flow rate), maximum rain runoff, maximum snow runoff, monthly total runoff, frost (frost thickness, frost occurrence as percent of area) by covertype (conifer, deciduous, open), frost in bogs (depth to frost layer, frost thickness, frost occurrence as percent of area), maximum snowpack (maximum snow water content, maximum snowpack depth), soil temperature, soil properties (bulk density, soil moisture at 15 BAR), and soil available water.\n\nNot all variables were measured at all watersheds in all years.The Marcell Experimental Forest was formally established in 1962 to study the ecology and hydrology of peatlands. The Experimental Forest contains six watersheds, each consisting of an upland portion and a peatland that is the source of a stream leaving the watershed. These unique features provide a wide range of hydrological environments to study.Each attribute measurement has an associated metadata document describing the data and methods in more detail. Additional information about the Marcell EF, its instrumentation, and data collected after the time frame of this publication can be found at https:\/\/www.nrs.fs.fed.us\/ef\/marcell\/. \n\nMetadata updated on 10\/01\/2009: Package ID was edited, data not altered. Minor metadata updates made on 07\/19\/2013, 10\/27\/2014, 12\/01\/2016, 04\/30\/2018, 07\/11\/2019, and 07\/17\/2020.\n\n* Some of the data in this publication are now outdated and we recommed use of the newer data. In 2018 Marcell Experimental Forest streamflow data (Verry et al. 2018, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0009) as well as peatland and upland water table elevation data (Verry et al. 2018, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0002) have been corrected and additional data published.","keyword":["biota","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","geoscientificInformation","inlandWaters","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Assessments","forest hydrology","peatlands","bogs","weather","temperature","streamflow","runoff","frost","snow","soil","EFR","experimental forest","Marcell Experimental Forest","Minnesota"],"spatial":"-93.5,47.50,-93.45,47.57","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2005-0001","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2005-0001","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2020-07-17"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Data product containing campsite assessments for \"Effectiveness of a Confinement Strategy in Reducing Pack Stock Impacts at Campsites in the Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness, Idaho\"","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2005-0002","description":"Measurements of ground cover conditions, tree impacts, and campsite conditions were taken in the Seven Lakes Basin in the Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness between 1993 and 1998 in order to assess bringing high levels of campsite impact into compliance with management standards.  Specifically, data measurements included size of disturbed and bare areas, amount of bole scarring and root exposure on affected trees, percentage of natural and exotic vegetation cover, as well as number of live, dead, and cut trees and stumps.  Campsite data collected included percentage of vegetation cover, mineral exposure, vegetation loss, and increase in soil minerals. Impacts to trees were assessed by collecting data on number of trees scarred or felled, tree damage, number of tree with exposed roots, level of root exposure, and number of fire scars. General campsite information was also collected, such as campsite development rating, cleanliness rating, number of social trails, and trail ratings.One of the objectives of wilderness management is to minimize social and environmental impacts and to provide for a quality experience to the visitor. Wilderness management research studies often focus on the impacts associated solely with man's presence.  However, many wilderness areas, particularly in the mountainous West, experience high levels of use by recreational packstock.  Quantification of environmental damage due to stock use is limited.  Previous research has identified impacts resulting from packstock use such as: damage to trees and treewells caused by stock tethering, destruction of vegetation and exposure of mineral soil caused by trampling, and introduction of exotic plant species. Information on packstock management strategies and on appropriate stock handling techniques is particularly limited.  One potentially useful management strategy is to confine stock impacts by limiting stock-holding to designated sites located in resistant places.  It has also been suggested that the highline technique is an effective means of confining stock and minimizing site perturbations (U.S.D.A. 1988).  This study will assess the change in condition of former and newly designated stock confinement areas through use of both the confinement strategy and the use of highlines. Specifically, 1) the designation of three day-use stock containment areas and six overnight stock containment areas, where stock are to be tethered between designated trees with a high line, rope or electric corral, 2) the prohibition of stock containment on other campsites or other parts of designated campsites, and 3) the prohibition of all camping on four campsites.Minor updates to the metadata only were made on 10\/3\/2006 and 6\/4\/2009. Metadata modified on 09\/14\/2012 to adjust citation to include the addition of a DOI (digital object identifier). Minor metadata updates on 02\/26\/2013, 10\/27\/2014, 12\/01\/2016, and 09\/16\/2024.","keyword":["confinement","pack stock","impacts","biota","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Landscape ecology","Plant ecology","Environment and People","Impact of people on environment","Recreation","Forest & Plant Health","Animal damage","Human effects","Invasive species","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","Wilderness","Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness","Seven Lakes","Idaho"],"spatial":"-115.21,46.25,-115.28,46.29","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2005-0002","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2005-0002","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-09-16"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"The changing Midwest assessment: data and shapefiles","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2005-0003","description":"This data publication contains the data and shapefiles used in Potts, et al. (2004) The Changing Midwest Assessment: land cover, natural resources, and people. GTR-NC-250 from the North Central Research Station. The Midwest is defined to include Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, and Wisconsin. The fifteen geospatial data sets included in this data publication describe: state boundaries, county boundaries, land cover, forests (acreage, ownership, tree size class data), wildlife indicator species (white-tailed deer, Henslow's sparrow, northern cardinal, and wood thrush), and the social landscape (income, housing, and population). The data describe conditions from 1980 to 2000.The purpose of the Changing Midwest Assessment is to describe the spatial distribution and intensity of changes on the biophysical and social landscapes of the North Central Region over the past two decades. The land cover section describes changes in the amount and distribution of dominant land cover types. The forest characteristics section summarizes change in forests. The wildlife indicator species section describes change in the relative abundance of species of special concern. And the human demographics section describes change in population, housing and seasonal housing density, and income from Wood Products and Recreation.Original metadata date was 10\/06\/2005. Metadata modified on 03\/21\/2012 to adjust citation to include the addition of a DOI (digital object identifier) and update the distribution method. Minor metadata updates on 02\/12\/2013, 10\/27\/2014, 12\/01\/2016, and 07\/17\/2019.","keyword":["white-tailed deer","Henslow's sparrow","northern cardinal","wood thrush","forests","human demography","social landscape","housing change","Census","seasonal housing","biota","boundaries","economy","environment","location","society","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Animal ecology","Ecology","Landscape ecology","Plant ecology","Environment and People","Community development","Impact of people on environment","Forest & Plant Health","Human effects","Natural Resource Management & Use","Landscape management","Economics","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Birds","Mammals","Illinois","Indiana","Iowa","Michigan","Minnesota","Missouri","Wisconsin","Upper Midwest"],"spatial":"-97.516864,35.789856,-81.573502,49.513434","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2005-0003","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2005-0003","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2019-07-18"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Fraser Experimental Forest Headquarters station daily precipitation data: 1976-2003","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2005-0004","description":"This data product contains daily precipitation measured at the Headquarters station of the Fraser Experimental Forest from 1976-2003.The Fraser Experimental Forest was established in 1937 to study timber, water, wildlife management, and their integration in the high elevation subalpine coniferous forests. Precipitation at Headquarters is the longest continuous dataset at the experimental forest, going back to 1939.Additional information about the Fraser Experimental Forest and other data collected can be found at \/\/www.fs.usda.gov\/fraser or \/\/www.fs.fed.us\/rmrs\/experimental-forests-and-ranges\/fraser-experimental-forest.\n\nOriginal metadata date was 10\/03\/2006. Metadata modified on 02\/08\/2011 to include the addition of a DOI (digital object identifier). Minor changes made to metadata on 03\/20\/2013 when this data product became available through the R&D Data Archive. Minor metadata updates on 10\/27\/2014 and 12\/01\/2016.","keyword":["precipitation","weather","subalpine","EFR","Experimental Forest","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Climate change","Climatology","Fraser Experimental Forest","Colorado","Rocky Mountains"],"spatial":"-105.9583,39.7917,-105.8458,39.9383","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2005-0004","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2005-0004","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-01"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Fraser Experimental Forest Headquarters station weekly precipitation data: 1976-2003","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2005-0005","description":"This data publication contains weekly precipitation measured at the Headquarters station of the Fraser Experimental Forest from 1976-2003.The Fraser Experimental Forest was established in 1937 to study timber, water, wildlife management, and their integration in the high elevation subalpine coniferous forests. Precipitation at Headquarters is the longest continuous data set at the experimental forest, going back to 1939.Additional information about the Fraser Experimental Forest and other data collected can be found at \/\/www.fs.fed.us\/rm\/fraser.\n\nOriginal metadata date was 10\/03\/2006. Metadata modified on 02\/08\/2011 to include the addition of a DOI (digital object identifier). Minor changes made to metadata on 03\/20\/2013 when this data publication became available through R&D Data Archive. Minor metadata updates on 10\/27\/2014, 12\/08\/2016, and 10\/24\/2019.","keyword":["precipitation","weather","subalpine","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Climate change","Climatology","Fraser Experimental Forest","Colorado","Rocky Mountains"],"spatial":"-105.9583,39.7917,-105.8458,39.9383","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2005-0005","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2005-0005","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2019-10-24"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Data product containing tree heights, survival, and genetic variation for \"Genetic Variation in Ponderosa Pine: A 15-year Test of Provenances in the Great Plains\"","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2005-0006","description":"Seeds from 79 natural stands throughout the ponderosa pine range, both east and west of the Continental Divide, were sown and grown in a nursery for three to four years in the 1960's. These seeds were then distributed to plantations, mostly in the Great Plains. This dataset contains the height of the surviving trees after 15 years for 14 plantations.The study began in 1968 to determine the best seed provenances of ponderosa pine for use in protection plantings in the Great Plains of the United States. The data represent fifteen-year survival and height growth. The objectives of this study were to: 1) identifiy originals of superior performing seed sources; 2) determine the consistency of their performance across the range of plantations, and within regional groupings of plantations; and 3) determine how many years of data are necessary to detect reliable patterns in height growth. Original metadata date was 10\/04\/2006. Metadata modified on 10\/05\/2012 to adjust citation to include the addition of a DOI (digital object identifier). Minor metadata updates on 02\/28\/2013, 10\/27\/2014, and 12\/01\/2016.","keyword":["height","survival","ponderosa","scopulorum","provenance","plantation","farming","biota","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Plant ecology","Forest & Plant Health","Botany","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","Great Plains","Rocky Mountains","Oklahoma","Kansas","Missouri","Nebraska","Michigan","South Dakota","Minnesota","North Dakota","Saskatchewan"],"spatial":"-123,30,-75,52","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2005-0006","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2005-0006","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-01"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Data product containing 22-year Nebraska tree heights, survival, and genetic variation for \"Ten-Year Performance of Ponderosa Pine Provenances in the Great Plains of North America\"","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2005-0007","description":"Seeds from 79 natural stands throughout the ponderosa pine range, both east and west of the Continental Divide, were sown and grown in a nursery for three to four years in the 1960's. Some of these seeds were then distributed to three different field plantations in Alliance, Hastings, and Plattsmouth Nebraska.  These datasets contain individual tree heights of surviving trees, taken at various frequencies from 1968 to 1987. A very small percentage of trees at the Plattsmouth plantation were also measured in 1989 (19-year tree heights). The study began in 1968 to determine the best seed provenances of ponderosa pine for use in protection plantings in the Great Plains of the United States.  The objectives of the original study were to: 1) identifiy origins of superior performing seed sources; 2) determine the consistency of their performance across the range of plantations, and within regional groupings of plantations; and 3) determine how many years of data are necessary to detect reliable patterns in height growth. Original metadata date was 10\/12\/2006. Metadata modified on 10\/05\/2012 to adjust citation to include the addition of a DOI (digital object identifier). Minor metadata updates on 02\/28\/2013, 10\/27\/2014, and 12\/01\/2016.","keyword":["height","survival","ponderosa","scopulorum","provenance","plantation","farming","biota","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Plant ecology","Forest & Plant Health","Botany","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","Nebraska"],"spatial":"-102.9,40.6,-95.6,42.1","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2005-0007","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2005-0007","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-01"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Fraser Experimental Forest East St. Louis Creek and Lower Fool Creek daily streamflow data: 1943-1985","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2006-0001","description":"This data publication contains daily mean streamflow measurements taken from paired watersheds in the Fraser Experimental Forest in Colorado. East St. Louis Creek, the control watershed, has streamflow measurements available from 1943-1985.  The harvested (treated) watershed, Fool Creek, has measurements from 1940-1985.The Fraser Experimental Forest was established in 1937 to study timber, water, wildlife management, and their integration in the high elevation subalpine coniferous forests. The Fool Creek streamgage was built in 1941, however flow was recorded once a day from January 1940 through March of 1942.  The streamgage for the 803 hectare (3.1 square miles) East St. Louis Creek watershed was built in 1943. The paired watersheds were calibrated from 1943-1952 at which time the road system was built on Fool Creek.  Approximately 14 hectares of the 289 hectares (1.1156 square miles) of the Fool Creek watershed were impacted by roads and log decks.  After 2 years of postroading stabilization, the watershed was harvested during the summers of 1954, 1955, and 1956.  Forty-percent of the watershed was harvested (50% of the timbered area) using alternating cut and leave strips which varied from 1 to 6 tree heights wide. The objective of the experiment was to determine the effect that harvesting has on snowpack accumulation, sediment production, and the total yield and timing of streamflow.Additional information about the Fraser Experimental Forest and other data collected can also be found at https:\/\/www.fs.fed.us\/rmrs\/experimental-forests-and-ranges\/fraser-experimental-forest.\n\nOriginal metadata date was 10\/04\/2006. Metadata modified on 02\/08\/2011 to include the addition of a DOI (digital object identifier). Minor changes made to metadata on 03\/20\/2013 when this data publication became available through the R&D Data Archive. Minor metadata updates on 12\/01\/2016, 04\/12\/2019, and 10\/24\/2019.","keyword":["daily","streamflow","subalpine","environment","inlandWaters","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Fraser Experimental Forest","East St. Louis Creek","Fool Creek","Colorado","Rocky Mountains"],"spatial":"-105.9583,39.7917,-105.8458,39.9383","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2006-0001","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2006-0001","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2019-10-24"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Fraser Experimental Forest Headquarters station hourly temperature data: 1976-2003","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2006-0002","description":"This data publication contains hourly temperature measured at the Headquarters station of the Fraser Experimental Forest from 1976-2003.The Fraser Experimental Forest was established in 1937 to study timber, water, wildlife management, and their integration in the high elevation subalpine coniferous forests. Additional information about the Fraser Experimental Forest and other data collected can be found at \/\/www.fs.usda.gov\/fraser or \/\/www.fs.fed.us\/rmrs\/experimental-forests-and-ranges\/fraser-experimental-forest.\n\nThis data publication was updated on 06\/03\/2006. Data were corrected from 12\/11\/1977 19:00 - 12\/13\/1977 6:00 because of a malfunction in the recording device.\n\nMetadata modified on 02\/08\/2011 to include the addition of a DOI (digital object identifier). Minor changes made to metadata on 03\/20\/2013 when this data publication became available through the R&D Data Archive. Minor metadata updates on 12\/01\/2016.","keyword":["temperature","weather","subalpine","EFR","Experimental Forest","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Climate change","Climatology","Fraser Experimental Forest","Colorado","Rocky Mountains"],"spatial":"-105.9583,39.7917,-105.8458,39.9383","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2006-0002","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2006-0002","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-01"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Glacier Lakes Ecosystem Experiments Site (GLEES) hourly meteorology tower data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2006-0003-2","description":"This data publication contains hourly meteorological tower data collected from 1989-2016 at the Glacier Lakes Ecosystem Experiments Site (GLEES), in the Snowy Range near Centennial, Wyoming. Data include air temperature, solar radiation, relative humidity, scalar wind speed, wind direction, soil temperature, and wet-dry sensor measurements.The GLEES, a 600 hectare research watershed at 3200-3400 meters elevation in the Snowy Range of southeastern Wyoming, was established in 1987 to examine the effects of atmospheric deposition on alpine and subalpine ecosystems. The site is not in a designated wilderness area, but was selected for research because it closely replicates conditions in federally designated Class I wilderness.Additional information about the Glacier Lakes Ecosystem Experiments Site can be found at https:\/\/www.fs.usda.gov\/research\/rmrs\/forestsandranges\/locations\/glees.\n\nThe first edition of these data was made available on 10\/03\/2006 (Korfmacher and Hultstrand [2006]). This second edition includes 11 additional years of data, a few updates to previously published data (e.g. unreliable variables removed and data edits), along with a few minor metadata updates.\n\n*A third edition of these data became available on 02\/11\/2021 (Korfmacher et al. 2021) and it now includes all data from 1988-2020, as well as a few new variables (added in 2017): snow depth and air temperature at 5 meters above ground. In addition, the user now has the ability to access these data via a query database. We recommend the use of this second edition of the data.\n\nAdditional minor metadata updates were made on 05\/15\/2024.","keyword":["meteorology","subalpine","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","Climate change","Climatology","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Glacier Lakes Ecosystem Experiments Site","Wyoming","Snowy Range","Glacier Lakes"],"spatial":"-106.282,41.362,-106.228,41.384","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2006-0003-2","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2006-0003-2","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-05-15"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Glacier Lakes Ecosystem Experiments Site (GLEES) hourly meteorology tower data: 1989-2005","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2006-0003","description":"This data publication contains hourly meteorological tower data collected from 1989-2005 at the Glacier Lakes Ecosystem Experiments Site (GLEES), in the Snowy Range near Centennial, Wyoming.The GLEES, a 600 hectare research watershed at 3200-3400 meters elevation in the Snowy Range of southeastern Wyoming, was established in 1987 to examine the effects of atmospheric deposition on alpine and subalpine ecosystems. The site is not in a designated wilderness area, but was selected for research because it closely replicates conditions in federally designated Class I wilderness.Additional information about the Glacier Lakes Ecosystem Experiments Site can be found at https:\/\/www.fs.usda.gov\/research\/rmrs\/forestsandranges\/locations\/glees.\n\nOriginal metadata date was 10\/03\/2006. Metadata modified on 02\/08\/2011 to include the addition of a DOI (digital object identifier). Minor changes made to metadata on 03\/20\/2013 when this data publication became available through the R&D Data Archive. Minor metadata updates on 12\/01\/2016 and again on 05\/15\/2024.\n\nA second edition of these data became available on 04\/10\/2017 (Korfmacher et al. 2017). This second edition includes 11 additional years of data, a few updates to the first edition (e.g. unreliable variables removed and data edits), along with a few minor metadata updates. \n\n*A third edition of these data became available on 02\/11\/2021 (Korfmacher et al. 2021) and it now includes all data from 1988-2020, as well as a few new variables (added in 2017): snow depth and air temperature at 5 meters above ground. In addition, the user now has the ability to access these data via a query database. We recommend the use of this second edition of the data.","keyword":["meteorology","subalpine","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","Climate change","Climatology","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Glacier Lakes Ecosystem Experiments Site","Wyoming","Snowy Range","Glacier Lakes"],"spatial":"-106.282,41.362,-106.228,41.384","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2006-0003","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2006-0003","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-05-15"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Glacier Lakes Ecosystem Experiments Site NADP (WY00) hourly meteorology tower data: 1991-2005","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2006-0004","description":"This data publication contains hourly meteorological tower data collected from 1991-2005 at the NADP WY00 site at the Glacier Lakes Ecosystem Experiments Site (GLEES), in the Snowy Range near Centennial, Wyoming.The GLEES, a 600 hectare research watershed at 3200-3400 meters elevation in the Snowy Range of southeastern Wyoming, was established in 1987 to examine the effects of atmospheric deposition on alpine and subalpine ecosystems. The site is not in a designated wilderness area, but was selected for research because it closely replicates conditions in federally designated Class I wilderness.Additional information about the Glacier Lakes Ecosystem Experiments Site can be found at https:\/\/www.fs.fed.us\/rmrs\/experimental-forests-and-ranges\/glees-glacier-lakes-ecosystem-experiments-site.\n\nOriginal metadata date was 10\/03\/2006. Metadata modified on 02\/08\/2011 to include the addition of a DOI (digital object identifier). Minor changes made to metadata on 05\/02\/2013 when this data publication became available through the Forest Service Research Data Archive. Minor metadata updates on 12\/01\/2016 and 10\/28\/2002.","keyword":["meteorology","subalpine","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","Climate change","Climatology","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Glacier Lakes Ecosystem Experimental Site","Glacier Lakes Experimental Site","Wyoming","Snowy Range","Glacier Lakes"],"spatial":"-106.282,41.362,-106.22800,41.38400","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2006-0004","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2006-0004","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-10-28"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Data product containing 5-year tree heights, survival, and genetic variation for \"Genetic Variation in Great Plains Juniperus\"","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2006-0005","description":"Cones from 275 Juniperus trees were collected throughout the Great Plains from 1973 to 1976 and then sown and grown in a nursery in Nebraska in August of 1977. In 1980 the 2-year old seedlings were distributed to plantations across the Great Plains. This dataset contains the height of the surviving trees after 5 years (measured in 1984), in 6 different plantations that were determined to be the best representation of environmental conditions in the Great Plains.  The plantations were located in Towner and Mandan, North Dakota; Plattsmouth and Hastings Nebraska; Colby, Kansas; and Big Spring, Texas.  With the exception of the Texas plantation, the datasets also contain the following information for each tree: crown spread (from north to south, and then from east to west), number of terminals, tree vigor, sex of flower, abundance of flowering, branch angle, foliage density, and presence of galls from cedar apple rust disease. The two Nebraska datasets also contain height measurements taken before and after the 5 year heights in 1984, and a winter burn rating recorded in 1984.The objective of this research was to identify seed sources of Juniperus with rapid height growth, good survival, and wide adaptability for planting within the Great Plains.Original metadata date was 10\/03\/2006. Metadata modified on 03\/11\/2013 to adjust citation to include the addition of a DOI (digital object identifier) and other minor edits. Additional minor metadata updates on 12\/01\/2016.","keyword":["biota","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Plant ecology","height","survival","juniperus","Rocky Mountain juniper","eastern redcedar","provenance","plantation","Great Plains","Rocky Mountains","Kansas","Nebraska","North Dakota","South Dakota","Texas"],"spatial":"-101.5,32.2,-95.8,48.4","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2006-0005","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2006-0005","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-01"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Data product containing 16-year tree heights, survival, and genetic variation for \"Genetic Variation in Blue Spruce: A Test of Populations in Nebraska\"","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2006-0006","description":"In the fall of 1969 seeds were collected from more than 400 trees throughout the natural range of blue spruce (Wyoming, Utah, Colorado, Arizona, and New Mexico). These seeds were sown in a nursery in Michigan in 1970.  In 1973 over 800 of those seedlings were planted in a plantation in Horning, Nebraska. This dataset contains annual tree heights of surviving trees from 1973 to 1988.  Other measurements recorded through this time period include tree vigor, frost injury, crown spread diameters, foliage color, as well as tree color.The objective of this research was to identify seed sources for use as a windbreak in the Great Plains, environmental improvements, and for esthetic plantings.Original metadata date was 10\/11\/2006. Metadata modified on 03\/11\/2013 to adjust citation to include the addition of a DOI (digital object identifier) and other minor metadata edits. Additional minor metadata updates on 12\/01\/2016.","keyword":["biota","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Plant ecology","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","height","survival","blue spruce","Picea pungens","provenance test","geographic variation","vigor","crown diameter","frost injury","foliage color","plantation","Nebraska","Wyoming","Utah","Colorado","Arizona","New Mexico"],"spatial":"-96.87,41,-96.87,41","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2006-0006","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2006-0006","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-01"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Data product containing 20-year tree heights, diameters, and genetic variation for \"Scots pine in eastern Nebraska: A provenance study\"","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2006-0007","description":"Seedling progenies of 36 rangewide provenances of Scots Pine (Pinus sylvetris) were established in a field test at Horning State Farm experimental area near Plattsmouth, Nebraska in April of 1962. Tree heights were measured at the end of each growing season from 1963 through 1969, and again in 1971. Tree height and diameter at breast height were both measured at the end of the growing season in 1976, 1978, 1979, and 1981.The objective of this study was to find and develop better adapted genetic tree materials for use in all kinds of plantings, environmental and commericial throughout Nebraska and the Central Plains. The study of different species provided basic materials of known origin for evaluation of adaptability for study of genetic variation, selection, propogation, and breeding resistance to disease and insect pests.Original metadata date was 11\/03\/2006. Metadata modified on 03\/11\/2013 to adjust citation to include the addition of a DOI (digital object identifier) and other minor edits. Additional minor metadata updates were made on 12\/01\/2016 and 05\/05\/2020.","keyword":["biota","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Plant ecology","Forest & Plant Health","Plant diseases","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Natural Resource Management & Use","Agroforestry","Scots pine","Scotch pine","Pinus sylvestris","height","diameter at breast height","provenance","plantation","Nebraska","Plattsmouth","Horning State Farm"],"spatial":"-96,41,-96,41","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2006-0007","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2006-0007","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2020-05-04"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Canopy fuel and tree biomass data from the Interior West","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2007-0001","description":"This data set contains destructively sampled canopy fuel and tree biomass data from five study sites in the Interior West. We destructively measured canopy fuels in five conifer stands in conifer forest types important to land managers in the western USA, including ponderosa pine\/Douglas fir in western Montana, lodgepole pine in central Montana, Douglas fir\/lodgepole pine in Idaho, ponderosa pine in Arizona, and mixed conifer in the Sierra Nevadas in California. In each of these stands we established a 10 or 15 meter radius circular plot (depending on tree density), deliberately selecting plots in dense, crown-fire-prone areas, inventoried all trees within the plot including understory trees at least 0.3 meters (1 foot) tall, and then took apart the trees branch by branch to obtain biomass by size class and component (live or dead).  For every branch, we measured green weight, length, and branch basal diameter.  A subportion of the branches were destructively sorted by size class, so that biomass was weighed for foliage, and live and dead woody material 0-3 millimeters (mm), 3-6 (mm), 6-10 (mm), 10-25 (mm) and 25+ (mm) in diameter. A subportion of this material was oven dried to determine moisture content and correct the measurements to dry weight. These data were then used to develop regression equations to predict oven dry biomass by size class based on branch length and basal diameter.  The equations were used to estimate biomass by size class for every branch in the stand. We chose dense stands that local land managers judged to be of high crown fire potential. A number of separate files are included, containing information on surface fuels, plot data, tree data and branch data.We collected this data in order to develop and test indirect methods of estimating canopy fuel for use in wildland fire behavior prediction and fuel hazard mitigation.For more information about the Missoula Fire Sciences Lab and Elizabeth Reinhardt go to: https:\/\/www.firelab.org\/\n\nOriginal metadata date was 11\/26\/2007. Metadata modified on 02\/07\/2011 to adjust citation to include the addition of a DOI (digital object identifier). Minor changes made to metadata on 05\/02\/2013 when this data publication became available through R&D Data Archive. Additional minor metadata updates on 12\/01\/2016.","keyword":["surface fuels","biomass","fuel load","biota","environment","Fire","Fire ecology","Forest Products","Bioenergy and biomass","Interior West","Arizona","California","Idaho","Montana"],"spatial":"-124.3744,31.3447,-104.0231,48.9956","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2007-0001","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2007-0001","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-01"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Effects of fuels reduction treatments on the soil temperature, heat-flux, water content, and CO2 at Manitou Experimental Forest","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2007-0002","description":"From 2001 to 2006 data were collected to measure the effects of different fuels reduction treatments on the soils of the Manitou Experimental Forest, Colorado. The data includes profiles of temperature, heat-flux, water content, and CO2 at different depths in the soil and a horizontal transect surface radiation. Fuels reduction treatments included slash-piles, broadcast\/lop-and-scatter areas, chipped areas, and control areas. The slash-piles and several broadcast\/lop-and-scatter areas were burned. The different treatments and measurements were distributed among six pseudo-replicate plots. Also included in this package are photographs and a video taken during this fire experiment.At the Manitou Experimental Forest, Colorado, several large areas were mechanically thinned as part of ongoing research. The slash that remained after thinning was used to create different fuels reduction treatments, which included slash-piles, broadcast\/lop-and-scatter areas, and chipped areas. The slash-piles and several broadcast\/lop-and-scatter areas were burned. The purpose of this experiment was measure the effects of these fuels reduction treatments on the underlying soil.Original metadata date was 03\/16\/2007. Metadata modified 07\/03\/2008 to include the UTM coordinates for each Rep. Metadata modified on 02\/07\/2011 to adjust citation to include the addition of a DOI (digital object identifier). Minor changes made to metadata on 05\/03\/2013 when this data publication became available through the R&D Data Archive. Additional minor metadata updates were made on 12\/20\/2016. On 10\/14\/2020, the photographs included in this package were also updated. On  09\/16\/2024, URLs for related articles were updated and a few other minor metadata updates.","keyword":["controlled burn","soil temperature","soil heat-flux","soil water content","soil CO2","surface radiation","slash-pile","broadcast","lop-and-scatter","chipping","biota","environment","geoscientificInformation","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Soil","Fire","Fire suppression, pre-suppression","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Techniques","Manitou Experimental Forest","Colorado","Rocky Mountains"],"spatial":"-105.13,39.07,-105.02,39.16","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2007-0002","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2007-0002","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-09-16"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Data product containing Fraser Experimental Forest bedload transport, particle size distributions, and discharge data for \"Defining phases of bedload transport using piecewise regression\"","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2007-0003","description":"These data include rates of bedload transport and discharge measured at eight sites on the Fraser Experimental Forest, Colorado during snowmelt runoff periods between 1992 and 1997. Samples were collected intermittently using a hand-held Helley-Smith sampler with a 3 x 3 inch opening, 2.54 expansion ratio, and 0.25 millimeter mesh bag. Between 100 and 200 samples were collected at each site. Size fractions (full phi) are available for most samples. Data on discharge and hydraulic geometry at the time samples were collected are provided. The grain size distribution of the channel bed is also included.Data were collected to characterize rates of bedload transport over a wide range of flow conditions on channels draining the Fraser Experimental Forest. The data have been used to test the applicability of piecewise regression for defining different phases of bedload transport.Original metadata date was 01\/16\/2007. Metadata modified on 10\/25\/2012 to adjust citation to include the addition of a DOI (digital object identifier). Metadata modified on 11\/14\/2012 to update the URL for the publication associated with these data. Minor metadata updates on 05\/06\/2013, 12\/20\/2016, and 04\/18\/2019.","keyword":["bedload transport rates","discharge","fractional transport rates","bed particle sizes","geoscientificInformation","inlandWaters","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","St. Louis Creek","East St. Louis Creek","Fool Creek","Fraser Experimental Forest","Rocky Mountains","Colorado"],"spatial":"-105.9583,39.7917,-105.8458,39.9383","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2007-0003","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2007-0003","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2019-04-18"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Data product containing Little Granite Creek and Hayden Creek bedload transport data and corresponding SAS code for \"A tutorial on the piecewise regression approach applied to bedload transport data\"","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2007-0004","description":"This data publication contains the data and SAS code corresponding to the examples provided in the publication \"A tutorial on the piecewise regression approach applied to bedload transport data\" by Sandra Ryan and Laurie Porth in 2007 (see cross-reference section). The data include rates of bedload transport and discharge recorded from 1985-1993 and 1997 at Little Granite Creek near Jackson, Wyoming as well as the bedload transport and discharge recorded during snowmelt runoff in 1998 and 1999 at Hayden Creek near Salida, Colorado. The SAS code demonstrates how to apply a piecewise linear regression model to these data, as well as bootstrapping techniques to obtain confidence limits for piecewise linear regression parameter estimates.These data were collected to measure rates of bedload transport in coarse grained channels.Original metadata date was 05\/31\/2007. Metadata modified on 03\/19\/2013 to adjust citation to include the addition of a DOI (digital object identifier) and other minor edits.\n\nMinor metadata updates on 12\/20\/2016.","keyword":["environment","geoscientificInformation","inlandWaters","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","piecewise linear regression","breakpoint","bedload transport","bootstrapping","Little Granite Creek","Wyoming","Hayden Creek","Colorado"],"spatial":"-111,37.5,-105,43.5","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2007-0004","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2007-0004","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-20"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Data product containing litterfall, decomposition, and leaf area index data for \"Surface Fuel Litterfall and Decomposition in the Northern Rocky Mountains, USA\"","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2008-0002","description":"This data publication contains the collected field data for the following publication: \"Surface Fuel Litterfall and Decomposition in the Northern Rocky Mountains, USA\" by Robert E. Keane (see Cross-Reference section in the metadata document). Data include 11 years of surface fuel litterfall and decomposition from 28 plots that represent a number of major forest types that span a wide range of biophysical environments in the northern Rocky Mountains. Litterfall was measured using semi-annual collections of fallen biomass sorted into six fuel components (fallen foliage, twigs, branches, large branches, logs, and all other material). Decomposition of fine fuels (foliage, twigs, branches and large branches)  were measured and monitored for biomass loss for 3-6 years. Monthly leaf area index (LAI) as well as stand characteristics were measured for 28 plots across seven different sites in the northern Rocky Mountains.The study was specifically designed to quantify fuel dynamics parameters, for a number of forest types across the northern Rocky Mountains, for use in complex landscape models of fire and vegetation dynamics. This included the calculation of deposition rates for the surface fuel components, as well as percent mass loss and decomposition rate of fuel components.  We also wanted to correlate decomposition rates and litterfall rates with stand and vegetation characteristics, and document any major changes in forest canopy as a function of leaf area index during the study. This study originated from two previous studies that explored the use of ecosystem modeling and gradient analysis to create digital maps of current and future landscape characteristics. See the Cross-Reference section for publications with more details.\n\nOriginal metadata date was 9\/15\/2008. Metadata modified on 02\/07\/2011 to adjust citation to include the addition of a DOI (digital object identifier). Minor changes made to metadata on 02\/07\/2013 when this data publication became available through R&D Data Archive.\n\nMinor metadata updates on 12\/20\/2016.","keyword":["biophysical controls","canopy fuel","decomposition rate","fuel","fuel accumulation","fuel decomposition","fuel dynamics","LAI","leaf area index","litterfall","litter","biota","environment","Fire","Fire ecology","Forest Products","Bioenergy and biomass","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","USA","Northern Rockies","Montana","Idaho"],"spatial":"-116.5,45.4589,-110.8,48.9","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2008-0002","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2008-0002","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-20"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Santa Fe Watershed Fuels Reduction Project: Avian Point Counts","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2008-0003","description":"Data were collected during a fuels reduction project conducted by the Santa Fe National Forest in the Santa Fe Municipal Watershed from 2002 to 2007. Fuel reduction includes mechanical thinning, burning of piles and broadcast burning though only a small portion of the study area was burned during wildlife monitoring. In addition to areas thinned, we collected data in adjacent areas that were not actively managed. Data include live-trapping of small mammals, avian point counts, avian nest monitoring, and vegetation structure and composition. This data publication contains the avian point counts conducted from 2002 to 2007, along with the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) coordinates of point count locations.From the point counts, we intend to estimate avian populations and evalute the impact of thinning on these species.Original metadata date was 03\/25\/2008. Metadata modified on 03\/21\/2012 to adjust citation to include the addition of a DOI (digital object identifier) and other minor edits. Minor metadata updates on 05\/06\/2013.\n\nMinor metadata updates on 12\/20\/2016.","keyword":["avian point counts","fuels reduction","biota","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Animal ecology","Fire","Fire effects on environment","Prescribed fire","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","Wildlife  (or Fauna)","Birds","Santa Fe County","New Mexico"],"spatial":"-105.88,35.65,-105.78,35.75","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2008-0003","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2008-0003","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-20"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"scounty100: County boundaries of the Southern United States at 1:100,000 scale","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2009-0001","description":"This coverage was identified on the USGS Water Resources NSDI Node site at https:\/\/nsdi.usgs.gov. The coverage contains the county boundaries of the continental United States. These boundaries were derived from the Digital Line Graph (DLG) files representing the 1:100,000 scale map in the National Atlas of the United States.  The data was then modified by USDA Forest Service Personnel for use in the Southern Forest Resource Assessment and exported to a shapefile.This shapefile is used as a base map for a variety of applications.Metadata was updated 10\/1\/2009 when data became available through this archive, and again on 2\/8\/2011 to add a DOI to citation. Data were not altered. Minor metadata updates made on 4\/18\/2013, 12\/20\/2016, and 09\/09\/2021. \n\nData were originally made available at https:\/\/www.srs.fs.usda.gov\/sustain\/data\/.","keyword":["counties","Administrative and political boundaries","boundaries","imageryBaseMapsEarthCover","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Geography","Southern United States","Alabama","Arizona","Florida","Georgia","Kentucky","Louisiana","Mississippi","North Carolina","Oklahoma","South Carolina","Tennessee","Texas","Virginia"],"spatial":"-108.021737,23.664456,-74.773082,39.961128","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2009-0001","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2009-0001","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-09-09"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"scounty2m: County boundaries of the Southern United States at 1:2,000,000 scale ","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2009-0002","description":"This coverage was identified on the USGS Water Resources NSDI Node site at https:\/\/nsdi.usgs.gov. The coverage contains the County boundaries of the continental United States. These boundaries were derived from the Digital Line Graph (DLG) files representing the 1:2,000,000 scale map in the National Atlas of the United States.\n\nThe data was then modified by USDA Forest Service Personnel for use in the Southern Forest Resource Assessment and exported to a shapefile.This shapefile is used as a base map for a variety of applications.Metadata was updated 10\/6\/2009 when data became available through this archive, and again on 2\/8\/2011 to add a DOI to citation. Data were not altered. Minor metadata updates made on 4\/18\/2013. \n\nData were originally made available at https:\/\/www.srs.fs.usda.gov\/sustain\/data\/.\n\nMinor metadata updates on 12\/20\/2016.","keyword":["counties","Administrative and political boundaries","boundaries","imageryBaseMapsEarthCover","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Geography","Southern United States","Alabama","Arizona","Florida","Georgia","Kentucky","Louisiana","Mississippi","North Carolina","Oklahoma","South Carolina","Tennessee","Texas","Virginia"],"spatial":"-108.018264,23.796542,-74.834524,39.952118","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2009-0002","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2009-0002","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-20"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Lubrecht State Experimental Forest Prescribed Fire Effects Study 1973-2006","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2009-0003","description":"This data publication contains pre and post fires stand and fuels data collected over a 33 year period.  Rod Norum as part of his PhD dissertation work, began this study in 1973.  He laid out 32 small (25 by 25 meter) plots in a Douglas fir\/western larch stand on the University of Montana's Lubrecht Experimental Forest. Twenty of the plots were burned in separate prescribed fires in 1973. Norum collected pre fire data in 1973 and post fire stand and fuels data in 1975. The plots were resampled in 1983, 1996 and 2006 to monitor post fire fuel and stand dynamics. The data provides a unique look at temporal dynamics in post fire fuel and stand characteristics.Original metadata date was 04\/08\/2009. Metadata modified on 02\/07\/2011 to adjust citation to include the addition of a DOI (digital object identifier). Minor changes made to metadata on 05\/06\/2013 when this data publication became available through R&D Data Archive.\n\nMinor metadata updates on 12\/20\/2016.","keyword":["fire effects","wildland fuel","biota","Fire","Prescribed fire","Fire effects on environment","Lubrecht Experimental Forest","Montana"],"spatial":"-113.4333,46.89167,-113.43330,46.89167","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2009-0003","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2009-0003","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-20"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Data product for \"Anticipated climate warming effects on Bull Trout habitats and populations across the Interior Columbia River Basin\"","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2009-0004","description":"This archive contains the data necessary to complete the general processing steps as outlined in the associated publication, Rieman et al. (2007). These steps include: 1) summarize site level observations of  bull trout to identify lower elevation limits of natal habitats across the Columbia Basin; 2) summarize mean annual air temperatures for weather stations across the same area; 3) regress each set of observations against longitude and latitude (and elevation in the case of temperature) and compared the coefficients in the two regression models to consider whether climate could explain bull trout distributions; 4) use GIS to map the area and size distributions of thermally suitable habitat patches based on predicted distribution limits; and 5) use the GIS to explore changes in distributions, area, and number of suitable habitat patches of bull trout by elevating lower distribution limits, consistent with three levels of warming that could be realized as a result of future air temperature increases. The analysis was constrained to the potential range of bull trout in the basin following Rieman et al. (1997). Suitable patches were considered to be the area of a watershed above the predicted lower distribution limit of small (< 150 millimeters) bull trout because these individuals are strongly associated with natal habitat and a clear thermal gradient (Dunham and Rieman 1999; Dunham et al. 2003). \n\nThis product includes the following (see Source information section) data entities: \n\n1) A table (Excel spreadsheet and ASCII format) containing records of observations of the occurrence of bull trout, summarized within 76 streams sampled at multiple sites (along an elevation gradient) throughout the Interior Columbia Basin. Data include latitude, longitude, elevation, and presence\/absence of brook trout.\n\n2) A table (Excel spreadsheet and ASCII format) of mean annual air temperature 30-year normals (i.e., averages for a 30-year period) from the period 1961 to 1990 from various weather stations in the Columbia Basin.\n\n3) A GIS grid used to model the lower limit of bull trout. When this grid is used in a GIS expression with the DEM for the study area, the lower limit boundary for bull trout can be raised or lowered along the elevation gradient to reflect changing climate scenarios.\n\n4) Shapefiles and grids representing the lower limit of bull trout under the chosen climate scenarios.\n\n5) Stream lines derived for the basin from the DEM using TauDEM software (Terrain Analysis Using Digital Elevation Models; Tarboton 1997).\n\n6) Tables extracted from the TauDEM shapefiles that represent the area of suitable bull trout habitat under the climate scenarios.To determine if climate influences bull trout populations, explore the implications of climate warming for this species, and estimate bull trout habitat response to a range of warming climate scenarios.Original metadata date was 04\/09\/2009. Metadata modified on 02\/07\/2011 to adjust citation to include the addition of a DOI (digital object identifier). Minor changes made to metadata on 05\/07\/2013 when this data publication became available through the Forest Service Research Data Archive. Additional minor metadata updates were made on 04\/07\/2015.\n\nMinor metadata updates on 12\/20\/2016 and 08\/06\/2024.","keyword":["bull trout range","brook trout","bull trout","biota","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","inlandWaters","Climate change","Climatology","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Fish","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Animal ecology","Interior Columbia River Basin","Northwest","USA","Washington","Oregon","Idaho","Montana","Nevada","Utah","Wyoming"],"spatial":"-123.410289,41.106336,-112.273910,49.244699","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2009-0004","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2009-0004","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-08-06"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Data product for \"Role of a native legume in facilitating native vs. invasive species in sagebrush steppe before and after fire\"","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2009-0005","description":" We conducted a field experiment near Reno, Nevada to determine if the native legume, Lupinus argenteus, is able to facilitate seedling establishment in an unburned and burned community in sagebrush steppe. We chose six treatments to identify specific mechanisms by which L. argenteus potentially influences establishment and community composition:  1) live lupine; 2) dead lupine; 3) no lupine; 4) no lupine with lupine litter; 5) no lupine with inert litter; and 6) mock lupine. We examined burn and treatment effects on environmental variables (soil nutrient availability, soil moisture, temperature, and light), overall community composition, and seedling establishment of the native perennial grass Elymus multisetus, native perennial forb, Eriogonum umbellatum, and non-native invasive annual grass, Bromus tectorum. In arid and semi-arid ecosystems, resources are spatially and temporally heterogeneous, leading to differential seedling recruitment over time. Interactions among seedlings and existing vegetation also influence seedling establishment, particularly if existing vegetation improves conditions experienced by seedlings. The degree of benefit received and the facilitative mechanisms involved, if any, depend upon species life histories and ecophysiological characteristic, and may differ significantly for native versus invasive species.  We asked if a native legume, Lupinus argenteus, facilitates seedling establishment of native versus invasive species, and the potential mechanisms involved, in unburned and burned sagebrush steppe. Our results indicate that modification of the resource environment by native L. argenteus can increase plant establishment and growth of the native and non-native study species, but higher establishment and growth rates give the non-native, B. tectorum, a greater advantage. Original metadata date was 05\/14\/2009. Metadata modified on 02\/07\/2011 to adjust citation to include the addition of a DOI (digital object identifier). Minor changes made to metadata on 05\/06\/2013 when this data publication became available through R&D Data Archive.\n\nMinor metadata updates on 12\/20\/2016.","keyword":["seedling establishment","facilitation","biota","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Landscape ecology","Plant ecology","Fire","Fire effects on environment","sagebrush steppe","Reno","Nevada"],"spatial":"-121.064444444,39.6775,-120.056944444,38.6838888888","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2009-0005","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2009-0005","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-20"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Atlas of digital polygon fire extents for Idaho and western Montana","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2009-0006-2","description":"This coverage includes fire perimeters recorded from 1889 through 2008 in polygon coverages acquired from 12 National Forests and two National Parks as described in the Data Set Credit section. It includes 7,550 fire polygons recorded from an area covering 13,839,584 hectares that include 44% of Idaho, Montana west of the Continental Divide, and Yellowstone National Park.Compile all digitally documented fire perimeters on National Forest and Park lands in the northern Rocky Mountain region in order to infer the climate drivers of regional-fire years.The first edition of these data was made available on 05\/07\/2009 (see Cross-Reference section), and included data from 1889-2003. This second edition adds fire polygons for five additional years of data.\n\nMinor metadata updates were made on 12\/20\/2016 and 01\/17\/2025.","keyword":["fire","fire history","fire perimeter","fire atlas","fire extent","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","boundaries","Fire","Fire ecology","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Assessments","northern Rocky Mountain region","Idaho","western Montana","northeastern Wyoming"],"spatial":"-117.905081,41.705877,-109.466585,49.258004","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2009-0006-2","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2009-0006-2","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-01-17"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Atlas of digital polygon fire extents for Idaho and western Montana (1889-2003)","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2009-0006","description":"This coverage includes fire perimeters recorded in polygon coverages acquired from 12 National Forests and two National Parks as described in the Data Set Credit section. It includes 5,666 fire polygons recorded from an area covering 13,839,584 hectares that include 44% of Idaho, Montana west of the Continental Divide, and Yellowstone National Park.To compile all digitally documented fire perimeters on National Forest and Park lands in the northern Rocky Mountain region in order to infer the climate drivers of regional-fire years.Original metadata date was 05\/07\/2009. Metadata modified on 03\/19\/2012 to adjust citation to include the addition of a DOI (digital object identifier) and other minor edits. Minor metadata updates on 05\/06\/2013. Additional minor metadata updates were made on 04\/25\/2014 and included reference to the second edition of these data.\n\nMinor metadata updates were made on 12\/20\/2016 and 01\/17\/2025.\n\n**NOTE: We recommend using the second edition of these data which is now available, see the Cross-Reference section below. The second edition includes fire polygons for five additional years of data.","keyword":["fire","fire history","fire perimeter","fire atlas","fire extent","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","boundaries","Fire","Fire ecology","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Assessments","northern Rocky Mountain region","Idaho","western Montana","northeastern Wyoming"],"spatial":"-117.905081,41.705877,-109.466585,49.258004","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2009-0006","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2009-0006","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-01-17"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Data product for \"Influence of a native legume on soil N and plant response following prescribed fire in sagebrush steppe\"","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2009-0007","description":"We examined the effects of prescribed fire and legume presence in Underdown Canyon located in the central Great Basin, Nevada, USA. We examined three treatments - one year post-burn, three years post-burn and unburned control in three replicate blocks.  Within each treatment we measured density, biomass, cover, and nutrient content of a native legume, Lupinus argenteus (Pursh).  We also examined the effects of Lupinus presence and prescribed fire on KCl extractable soil inorganic nitrogen and nitrogen mineralization.  Lastly we examined the effect of prescribed fire and Lupinus presence on the cover and biomass on neighboring plant functional groups (annual grass, annual forb, perennial grass, perennial forb, shrub, other legumes). Prescribed fire is a potential restoration tool, but recovery depends on nutrient availability and species responses after burning.  Fire often leads to long-term losses in total nitrogen, but presence of native legumes can influence recovery through addition of fixed nitrogen. We conducted this experiment to determine how prescribed fire influences density and cover of Lupinus and the combined effect of prescribed fire and Lupinus on soil N and community succession after fire.  Results indicate that Lupinus has the potential to influence succession through modification of the post-fire environment. Original metadata date was 05\/01\/2009. Metadata modified on 03\/11\/2013 to adjust citation to include the addition of a DOI (digital object identifier) and other minor edits. \n\nMinor metadata updates on 12\/20\/2016.","keyword":["biota","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Plant ecology","Fire","Prescribed fire","legume","nitrogen fixation","Underdown Canyon","Austin Ranger District","Nevada"],"spatial":"-117.434057004,39.152726888,-117.374930199,39.169480469","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2009-0007","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2009-0007","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-20"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Data product for \"Nitrogen level and legume presence affect competitive interactions between a native and invasive grass\"","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2009-0008","description":"We conducted a greenhouse experiment to investigate effects of the native N2-fixing legume, L. argenteus, on competitive interactions between seedlings of the non-native annual grass, B.tectorum, and a native perennial grass, E. multisetus, over a gradient of nitrogen (N) availability.  The experiment consisted of three levels of N (0, 5mM and 20mM N, where mM = millimolar = millimoles per liter), two levels of target species (Bromus or Elymus) and three levels of competitor (Lupinus, Bromus, or Elymus).Within each treatment we measured tiller production, aboveground biomass, and tissue carbon (C) and N of target species.   Potassium chloride (KCl) extractable soil N also was measured within each treatment.Increased resource availability often promotes expansion of invasive species by changing competitive interactions. N2-fixing species are often abundant in nitrogen (N) poor systems, and have the capacity to alter resource availability, particularly N, and, thus, to indirectly influence competitive interactions. Like many arid areas dominated by perennial grasses, the sagebrush steppe of the western U.S. is threatened by invasion of non-native species, especially annual grasses. N2-fixing legumes are common, and are often used in restoration, but have the potential to facilitate invasion and expansion of invasive annual grasses.  The presence of Lupinus was facilitative for Bromus but indirectly inhibitory for Elymus. Our results indicate that modification of the local resource pool by Lupinus can alter competitive outcomes among this native and non-native species and can provide an avenue for expansion of non-native B. tectorum.Original metadata date was 05\/14\/2009. Metadata modified on 03\/19\/2013 to adjust citation to include the addition of a DOI (digital object identifier) and other minor edits. \n\nMinor metadata updates on 12\/20\/2016.","keyword":["biota","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Plant ecology","competition","facilitation","sagebrush steppe","Reno","Nevada"],"spatial":"-119.805833333,39.5377777777,-119.805555555,39.5380555555","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2009-0008","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2009-0008","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-20"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Data product for \"Effects of water and nitrogen availability on nitrogen contribution by the legume, Lupinus argenteus Pursh\"","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2009-0009","description":"We conducted a greenhouse experiment to examine the separate and interacting effects of water and nitrogen (N) availability on biomass production, tissue N concentration, nodulation, nodule activity, and rhizodeposition of Lupinus argenteus (Pursh), a legume native to sagebrush steppe.  Plants were grown in a replicated, randomized block design with three levels of water and four levels of N.  Within treatment, we measured above and belowground biomass, tissue nitrogen concentration, acetylene reduction and 15N as estimates of fixation, and exudation of organic nitrogen into the rhizosphere.Nitrogen-fixing species contribute to ecosystem nitrogen budgets, but background resource levels influence nodulation, fixation, and plant growth.  Understanding how the native lupine, L. argenteus, responds to varying water and nitrogen (N) availability can provide insights into its influence on species interactions and community functioning under different environmental conditions and following disturbances such as fire or increased N deposition.  Therefore, we examined the separate and interacting effects of water and N availability on N contribution by the native sagebrush legume L. argenteus.Original metadata date was 05\/14\/2009. Metadata modified on 03\/12\/2013 to adjust citation to include the addition of a DOI (digital object identifier) and other minor edits. \n\nMinor metadata updates on 12\/20\/2016.","keyword":["biota","environment","geoscientificInformation","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Plant ecology","Soil","nitrogen fixation","rhizo deposition","sagebrush steppe","Reno","Nevada"],"spatial":"-119.805833333,39.5377777777,-119.805555555,39.5380555555","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2009-0009","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2009-0009","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-20"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"IW-FIA Predicted Forest Attribute Maps - 2005","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2009-0010","description":"This data publication contains USDA Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) Program predicted forest attributes and maps created in 2005 for the Interior West (IW) FIA region. Data include maps and modeling results of several forest attributes based on FIA plot data and geospatial predictor layers. Forest attributes include forest cover type, basal area, biomass, crown cover, growth, stand density index, stand age, trees per acre, volume, and weighted height.Extensive forest inventory data, like those collected by the FIA program, have historically been used to produce estimates of forest population totals over large geographic areas. Recent emphasis has been placed on expanding the traditional uses of these data by merging them with satellite-based information to produce regional maps of forest characteristics for use in a variety of forest management applications. These applications include broad-scale activities like mapping wildlife habitat, assessing resource loss due to fire, identifying lands suitable for timber harvest, and locating areas at high risk for insect and disease outbreaks. \n\nA set of 250-meter resolution maps of key forest attributes were developed for the IW-FIA Region. Several forest characteristics, collected on FIA plots as recent as 2004, were modeled as functions of spectral information from MODIS and other ancillary geospatial layers. The predictor variables included elevation, transformed aspect and slope, unclassified spectral data from the MODIS instrument, and a variety of spatial data layers derived from the National Land Cover Dataset. Predictive models of forest attributes were built with See5 and Cubist software, which use tree-like nonparametric models. Predictive performance of the models were evaluated using an independent test set that contained a 10% random selection of the available plots. The maps of predicted forest characteristics were developed with ArcGIS and ERDAS Imagine software packages. \n\nThe version of this dataset is a draft or preliminary product, intended for review by FIA and other interested parties. The release of this dataset is not intended for use beyond these purposes. Future versions of this dataset may be provided with more complete accuracy assessment as well as additional documentation of the modeling and analysis procedures.Original metadata date was 12\/10\/2009. Metadata modified on 03\/12\/2013 to adjust citation to include the addition of a DOI (digital object identifier) and other minor edits. Additional minor edits made on 3\/25\/2014.\n\nMinor metadata updates on 12\/20\/2016.","keyword":["biota","environment","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Resource inventory","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","forest attributes","forest\/nonforest mask","forest cover types","forest cover type groups","basal area","biomass","crown cover","growth","quadratic mean diameter","stand density index","stand age","trees per acre","volume","weighted height","Interior West","Idaho","Montana","Wyoming","Nevada","Utah","Colorado","Arizona","New Mexico"],"spatial":"-120.00000,31.33333,-102.00000,49.0000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2009-0010","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2009-0010","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-20"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Fort Valley Experimental Forest 30-minute meteorological data: 2003-present","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2010-0001","description":"This data publication includes precipitation and temperature data summarized every 30 minutes from March 2003 to March 2013 at the Fort Valley Experimental Forest in Arizona. Information on how to access the data collected at this site from as early as 1909 from the Nation Climate Data Center (NCDC) is also included.The Coconino Experiment Station (later Fort Valley Experiment Station) was established in 1908 to investigate reproduction in ponderosa pine forests. Regular meteorological observations have been made since that time to support this and other research.At the time this documentation was written, the temperature and precipitation data for this site from 1909 - 2014 were available through the National Climate Data Center (https:\/\/www.ncdc.noaa.gov, see Data Access \/ Global Historical Climatology Network-Daily). The station name was \"Fort Valley, AZ US\" and the station id was \"GHCND:USC00023160\". See the Process Steps below for more details.\n\nAdditional information about the Fort Valley Experimental Forest can be found at https:\/\/www.fs.fed.us\/rm\/fort-valley\/.\n\nOriginal metadata date was 10\/10\/10. Metadata modified on 02\/04\/11 to adjust citation to include the addition of a DOI (digital object identifier). On 8\/17\/2011 metadata modified to include additional information about data available via the online query. Minor metadata updates made on 07\/29\/2013 in addition to including a few more years of data. On 10\/14\/2014 additional metadata updates were made. Minor metadata updates on 12\/20\/2016.","keyword":["biota","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","Climate change","Climatology","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","precipitation","temperature","meteorological data","EFR","Experimental Forest and Range","Fort Valley","Arizona","Coconino National Forest","Fort Valley Experimental Forest"],"spatial":"-111.74259,35.26778,-111.74259,35.26778","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2010-0001","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2010-0001","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-20"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Forest ownership in the conterminous United States circa 2007: ForestOwn_v1 geospatial dataset","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2010-0002","description":"ForestOwn_v1 is a 250-meter spatial resolution raster geospatial dataset of forest ownership of the conterminous United States (CONUS). The dataset was prepared by the Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program, Northern Research Station, Forest Service, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), and differentiates forest from non-forest land and water, public and private ownership, and the percent of private forest land in corporate ownership. The forest\/non-forest land\/water classification is derived from the USDA Forest Service's CONUS Forest\/Nonforest dataset. Public and private land ownership class is derived from the Protected Areas Database of the United States, Version 1.1 (CBI Edition). Corporate ownership of private forest land is derived from the Forest Service's 2007 Resources Planning Act (RPA) dataset, summarized over the Environmental Protection Agency's Original Environmental Monitoring & Assessment Program (EMAP) grid 648 square kilometer hexagon dataset.The ForestOwn_v1 dataset is designed for conducting geospatial analyses and for producing cartographic products over regional to national geographic extents.A corresponding Research Map (RMAP) has been produced to cartographically portray this dataset.\n\nOriginal metadata date was 02\/09\/2011. Minor metadata updates were made on 05\/10\/2013, 04\/16\/2014, 12\/21\/2016, and 02\/06\/2017. Additional minor metadata updates were made on 04\/20\/2023. On 03\/19\/2026, \"circa 2007\" was added to the title to help prevent confusion with related data publications along with a few minor updates to URLs, etc.\n\nOn 07\/23\/2020 a new version of these data became available (Sass et al. 2020) and on 09\/10\/2025 an even newer version was published (Harris et al. 2025).","keyword":["forest land","non-forest","ownership","corporate","ForestOwn_v1","boundaries","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Resource inventory","Conterminous United States","CONUS"],"spatial":"-127.979198,22.802857,-65.259548,51.651763","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2010-0002","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2010-0002","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2026-03-19"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Tenderfoot Creek Experimental Forest 15 minute streamflow data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2010-0003.2","description":"This data publication contains average 15 minute streamflow data from September 2000 to September 2015 for 11 gauges located in the upper Tenderfoot Creek watershed on the Tenderfoot Creek Experimental Forest. These data include streamflow measurements in multiple locations on Tenderfoot Creek and seven major sub-watersheds flowing into the Tenderfoot Creek drainage. These sub-watersheds are Sun Creek, Spring Park Creek, Bubbling Creek, Stringer Creek, Pack Creek, Passionate Creek and Lonesome Creek. Two sub-watersheds, Sun Creek and Spring Park Creek, had experimental shelterwood harvests in 1999 and 2000. Portions of these units were prescribed burned between 2001 and 2003. Two adjacent sub-watersheds, Bubbling Creek and Stringer Creek, serve as control units for the silvicultural treatments (McCaughey et al. 2006).The Tenderfoot Creek Experimental Forest was established in 1961 as an experimental watershed in representative lodgepole pine forest common east of the Continental Divide. Hydrologic and climatologic monitoring sites were established in the early 1990's to monitor environmental effects of various silvicultural methods used to restore and regenerate healthy lodgepole pine forests. Tenderfoot Creek is a major tributary of the Smith and Missouri rivers, thus providing an important hydrologic resource for much of central Montana.Streamflow correlates with sediment flow and stream nutrient data also collected on this experimental forest (see Cross-Reference section for access to these data).\n\nThis data publication is a second edition (available 09\/25\/2013) and includes all of the data in the first edition, with some data edits, and three additional years of data (up through 2012). Data edits include estimates for missing data as well as the addition of data flags added to indicate unreliable data. On 10\/27\/2015 an additional three years of data were added (up through 2015), along with minor updates to the metadata. None of the previously archived data were modified.\n\nMinor metadata updates on 12\/20\/2016.","keyword":["climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","geoscientificInformation","inlandWaters","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Natural Resource Management & Use","Water","streamflow","experimental forest","watershed","lodgepole pine forest","Tenderfoot Creek Experimental Forest","Little Belt Mountains","Central Montana","Montana","Northern Rocky Mountains"],"spatial":"-110.95,46.88,-110.83,46.97","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2010-0003.2","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2010-0003.2","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-20"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Tenderfoot Creek Experimental Forest 15 minute streamflow data: 2000-2009","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2010-0003","description":"This data publication contains 15 minute stream flow rates (cubic feet per second) for 11 flumes in the upper Tenderfoot Creek watershed from 2000 to 2009.  Two sub watersheds: Sun Creek and Spring Park Creek had experimental shelterwood harvests in 1999 and 2000.  Portions of these units were prescribed burned between 2001 and 2003.  Two adjacent subwatersheds: Bubbling Creek and Stringer Creek serve as controls.   Additional flumes were placed on the Pack Creek and Passionate Creek subwatersheds and the upper and lower sections of Tenderfoot Creek.The Tenderfoot Creek Experimental Forest was established in 1961 as a experimental watershed in a representative lodgepole pine forest common east of the Continental Divide.  Hydrologic and climatologic monitoring sites were established in the early 1990's to monitor environmental effects of various silviculture methods used to restore and regenerate healthy lodgepole pine forests.Original metadata date was 7\/22\/2010. Metadata modified on 8\/19\/2010 to include an additional cross-reference for this data publication. URLs were updated on 12\/23\/2010. Metadata modified on 02\/08\/2011 to include the addition of a DOI (digital object identifier). Metadata modified on 12\/07\/12 when data moved to R&D Data Archive. Additional metadata edits made on 5\/7\/2013 and 9\/25\/2013. Minor metadata updates on 12\/21\/2016.\n\nIn September 2013 an updated version of this data publication became available (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2010-0003.2), see the Cross-Reference section.","keyword":["inlandWaters","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","streamflow","experimental forest","watershed","lodgepole pine forest","EFR","Tenderfoot Creek Experimental Forest","Little Belt Mountains","Montana","Central Montana","Northern Rocky Mountains"],"spatial":"-110.95,46.88,-110.83,46.97","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2010-0003","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2010-0003","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-21"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Tenderfoot Creek Experimental Forest water quality data: 1992-2009","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2010-0004","description":"This data publication contains water quality data analyzed from water samples taken at 11 hydrologic flumes on the Tenderfoot Creek Experimental Forests from 1992 to 2009. Water quality parameters measured include specific conductance, calcium, ammonia, phosphorus, pH, alkalinity, sulfate, sodium, potassium, chloride, suspended solids, total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), nitrate plus nitrite, nitrite, magnesium, hardness, bicarbonate, and carbonate.The Tenderfoot Creek Experimental Forest was established in 1961 as an experimental watershed in a representative lodgepole pine forest common east of the Continental Divide. In 1999 and 2000, a series of experimental shelterwood harvests were performed in the Sun Creek and Spring Park sub-watersheds of the Tenderfoot Creek watershed. Bubbling and Stringer creek subwatersheds serve as control units. Stream flow, sediment movement and water quality are monitored in theses subwatersheds as well as adjacent subwatersheds so that the effects of shelterwood harvesting on stream dynamics can be monitored.Original metadata date was 8\/19\/2010. Updates were made to the URLs in this metadata document on 12\/23\/2010. Metadata modified on 02\/08\/2011 to include the addition of a DOI (digital object identifier). Minor changes made to metadata on 05\/08\/2013 when this data publication became available through R&D Data Archive. More minor changes made on 9\/26\/2013. Minor metadata updates on 12\/20\/2016.","keyword":["inlandWaters","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","nutrients","water quality","experimental forest","experimental watershed","EFR","Tenderfoot Creek Experimental Forest","Little Belt Mountains","Montana","Central Montana","Northern Rocky Mountains"],"spatial":"-110.95,46.88,-110.83,46.97","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2010-0004","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2010-0004","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-20"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Biomass, fuel load, and litter measurements before prescribed fire in the Shoshone mountains of Nevada","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2010-0005","description":"This data publication contains measurements of biomass and fuel load data for sampled trees as well as the litter and dead parts of the trees following spring prescribed fire in the Shoshone Mountain Range of central Nevada on the Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest in Nye and Lander Counties.To create a structurally based analytic model for estimation of biomass and fuel loads of woodland trees.Original metadata date was 11\/15\/2010. Metadata modified on 02\/07\/2011 to adjust citation to include the addition of a DOI (digital object identifier). Minor changes made to metadata on 05\/08\/2013 when this data publication became available through R&D Data Archive. Minor metadata updates on 12\/20\/2016.","keyword":["prescribed fire","pinyon-juniper woodlands","allometry","tree biomass","crown structure","fuel loads","crown growth patterns","tree form","biota","environment","Fire","Prescribed fire","Fire effects on environment ","Nevada","Great Basin","Central Nevada","Shoshone Range","Underdown Canyon","United States"],"spatial":"-117.439615,39.140796,-117.370283,39.182133","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2010-0005","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2010-0005","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-20"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Tenderfoot Creek Experimental Forest stream sediment collection: 1994-2009","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2010-0006","description":"This data publication contains daily average sediment transport data for several creeks in the Tenderfoot Creek Experimental Forest watershed from 1994 to 2009.  Sediment data were collected at eight sites in the upper Tenderfoot Creek watershed.  Four samplers were placed at the bottom of four sub-watersheds flowing into Tenderfoot Creek.  These sub watersheds (and respective collection site names) are Spring Park (SPPA), Sun (LOSU), Stringer (LOST) and Bubbling Creek (BUBB).  Two additional samplers were placed on Sun Creek above (UPSU) and below (MISU) a logging road constructed in 2000.  An additional collection sampler was on the west fork of Stringer Creek (UPST).  Tenderfoot Creek also contains two collection samplers (UPTE and LOTE).  UPTE is located above and LOTE is below the sub watersheds SPPA,  LOSU, BUBB, and LOST (see map included in this archive).\n\nTwo sub watersheds: Sun Creek and Spring Park Creek had experimental shelterwood harvests in 1999 and 2000.  Portions of these units were prescribed burned between 2001 and 2003.  Two adjacent subwatersheds: Bubbling Creek and Stringer Creek serve as control units for the silviculture treatments (see McCaughey et. al. 2006 in the Cross-Reference section).\n\nSediment collection correlates with hydrologic flow data and stream nutrient data collected at a series of hydrologic flumes on the experimental forest. See the Cross-Reference section for access to these data.The Tenderfoot Creek Experimental Forest was established in 1961 as an experimental watershed in a representative lodgepole pine forest common east of the Continental Divide.  Hydrologic and climatologic monitoring sites were established in the early 1990's to monitor environmental effects of various silviculture methods used to restore and regenerate healthy lodgepole pine forests.  Tenderfoot Creek is a major tributary of the Smith and Missouri rivers, thus providing important hyrological resources for much of central Montana.Original metadata date was 12\/23\/2010. Metadata modified on 02\/16\/2011 to include the addition of a DOI (digital object identifier). Minor changes made to metadata on 05\/10\/2013 when this data publication became available through R&D Data Archive. Additional edits made on 9\/25\/2013. Minor metadata updates on 12\/20\/2016.\n\nAn updated version of this data publication is now available (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0016), see the Cross-Reference section.","keyword":["biota","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","sediment collection","experimental forest","watershed","lodgepole pine forest","EFR","Tenderfoot Creek Experimental Forest","Little Belt Mountains","Montana","Central Montana","Northern Rocky Mountains"],"spatial":"-110.95,46.88,-110.83,46.97","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2010-0006","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2010-0006","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-20"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Data product containing nest success and factors affecting nest survival for \"Nest success of Black-backed Woodpeckers in forests with mountain pine beetle outbreaks in the Black Hills, South Dakota\"","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2010-0007","description":"This data publication contains nest success and measurements of other factors that might affect nest survival of Black-backed Woodpeckers (picoides articus) found in the Black Hills of South Dakota in mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) infested areas in 2004 and 2005.To obtain data on reproductive rates for Black-backed Woodpeckers in beetle-killed forests in the Black Hills of South Dakota.Original metadata date was 07\/19\/2010. Minor updates made to the metadata on 7\/29\/2010 in the entity and attributes section as well as the taxonomy section. Metadata modified again on 3\/28\/2011 to  adjust citation to include the addition of a DOI (digital object identifier). Minor changes made to metadata on 05\/08\/2013 when this data publication became available through R&D Data Archive. Minor metadata updates on 12\/20\/2016 and 01\/21\/2020.","keyword":["Black-backed Woodpecker","Picoides arcticus","logistic exposure","mountain pine beetle","nest success","nest survival","biota","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Animal ecology","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Assessments","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Birds","Black Hills","South Dakota"],"spatial":"-104.83330,43.1667,-103.33300,44.8333","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2010-0007","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2010-0007","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2020-01-21"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Climate Scenarios for the conterminous United States at the county spatial scale using SRES scenarios A1B and A2 and PRISM climatology","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2010-0008","description":"Monthly totals of precipitation in millimeters (mm), monthly means of daily maximum air temperature in degrees Celsius (C), and monthly means of daily minimum air temperature (C) were developed at the county level for the conterminous United States (US). Also, included are computed monthly mean of daily potential evapotranspiration (mm) and mean grid elevation in meters (m). These data were developed from climate scenarios used in the Fourth Assessment of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, specifically the A1B and the A2 SRES (Special Report on Emissions Scenarios) scenarios as modeled by these climate models: CGCM3.1MR, CSIRO-MK3.5, and MIROC3.2MR. The monthly change factors were developed from global model output and downscaled to the 5 arc minute spatial grid using ANUSPLIN. The 30 year mean climatology (1961-1990) was developed from PRISM (Parameter-elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model) data at the 2.5 arc minute scale and aggregated to the 5 arc minute grid scale. The change factors were imposed upon the 30-year period (1961-1990) to develop the projections for each climate scenario. The county means were computed using a weighted mean of the 5 arc minute grids within the county.The USDA Forest Service (USFS) produces a periodic assessment of the condition and trends of the Nation's renewable resources as required by the Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act (RPA) of 1974. This RPA Assessment provides a snapshot of current US forest and rangeland conditions and trends on all ownerships, identifies drivers of change, and projects 50 years into the future (https:\/\/www.fs.usda.gov\/research\/inventory\/rpaa). For 2010 RPA Assessment, an integrated modeling framework is being used in which the potential implications of climate change can be analyzed across some resource areas (Langner et al. 2012). The nature of the climate variables needed to address climate change impacts for these resource analyses in the 2010 RPA Assessment were determined to be monthly precipitation and temperature variables at the county level spatial scale, and for some resources, at the 5 arc minute grid scale.Original metadata date was 08\/03\/2010. Metadata modified on 04\/18\/2011 to adjust citation to include the addition of a DOI (digital object identifier). Minor metadata updates on 02\/19\/2013. Metadata modified on 07\/22\/2015 to update cross-reference citations and other minor updates. Additional minor metadata updates on 12\/13\/2016, 02\/08\/2021, and 10\/27\/2022.","keyword":["RPA Assessment","climate scenario","temperature projections","precipitation projections","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","Climate change","Climatology","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","conterminous United States","county level"],"spatial":"-124.75,25,-66.9167,49.5","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2010-0008","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2010-0008","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-10-27"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Climate Scenarios for the conterminous United States at the county spatial scale using SRES scenario B2 and PRISM climatology","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2010-0009","description":"Monthly totals of precipitation in millimeters (mm), monthly means of daily maximum air temperature in degrees Celsius (C), and monthly means of daily minimum air temperature (C) were developed at the county spatial level for the conterminous United States (US). Also, included are computed monthly mean of daily potential evapotranspiration (mm) and mean grid elevation in meters (m). These data were developed from the SRES (Special Report on Emissions Scenarios) scenario B2 used in the Third Assessment of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, specifically as modeled by these climate models: GCGM2 (Climate Centre for Modelling and Analysis), CSIRO-MK2 (Australia's Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation), and HadCM3 (Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research UK). The monthly change factors were developed from global model output and downscaled to the 5 arc minute spatial grid using ANUSPLIN following the work of Price et al. (2004). The 30 year mean climatology (1961-1990) was developed from PRISM (Parameter-elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model) data at the 2.5 arc minute scale and aggregated to the 5 arc minute grid scale. The change factors were imposed upon the 30-year period (1961-1990) to develop the projections for each climate scenario. The county means were computed using a weighted mean of the 5 arc minute grids within the county.The USDA Forest Service (USFS) produces a periodic assessment of the condition and trends of the Nation's renewable resources as required by the Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act (RPA) of 1974. This RPA Assessment provides a snapshot of current US forest and rangeland conditions and trends on all ownerships, identifies drivers of change, and projects 50 years into the future (https:\/\/www.fs.usda.gov\/research\/inventory\/rpaa). For 2010 RPA Assessment, an integrated modeling framework is being used in which the potential implications of climate change can be analyzed across some resource areas (Langner et al. 2012). The nature of the climate variables needed to address climate change impacts for these resource analyses in the 2010 RPA Assessment were determined to be monthly precipitation and temperature variables at the county level spatial scale, and for some resources at the 5 arch minute grid scale.Original metadata date was 08\/03\/2010. Metadata modified on 04\/19\/2011 to adjust citation to include the addition of a DOI (digital object identifier). Minor metadata updates on 02\/19\/2013. Metadata modified on 07\/22\/2015 to update cross-reference citations and other minor updates. Additional minor metadata updates on 12\/13\/2016, 02\/08\/2021, and 10\/27\/2022.","keyword":["RPA Assessment","climate scenario","temperature projections","precipitation projections","PET projections","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","Climate change","Climatology","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","conterminous United States","county level"],"spatial":"-124.75,25,-66.9167,49.5","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2010-0009","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2010-0009","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-10-27"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Historical Climate data (1940-2006) for the conterminous United States at the county spatial scale based on PRISM climatology","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2010-0010","description":"Monthly totals of precipitation in millimeters (mm), monthly means of daily maximum air temperature in degrees Celsius (C), and monthly means of daily minimum air temperature (C) were developed at the 5 arc minute grid level for the conterminous United States (US) for the 1940-2006 period. Also, included are computed monthly mean of daily potential evapotranspiration (mm) and mean grid elevation in meters (m). These data were developed from PRISM (Parameter-elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model) data at the 2.5 arc minute scale and aggregated to the 5 arc minute grid scale. The county means were computed using a weighted mean of the 5 arc minute grids within the county.The USDA Forest Service (USFS) produces a periodic assessment of the condition and trends of the Nation's renewable resources as required by the Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act (RPA) of 1974. This RPA Assessment provides a snapshot of current US forest and rangeland conditions and trends on all ownerships, identifies drivers of change, and projects 50 years into the future (\/\/www.fs.fed.us\/research\/rpa\/, accessed 8\/16\/2009). For 2010 RPA Assessment, an integrated modeling framework is being used in which the potential implications of climate change can be analyzed across some resource areas (Langner in review). The nature of the climate variables needed to address climate change impacts for these resource analyses in the 2010 RPA Assessment were determined to be monthly precipitation and temperature variables at the county level spatial scale and for some resource analyses at the 5 arc minute grid scale.Original metadata date was 08\/02\/2010. Metadata modified on 04\/22\/2011 to  adjust citation to include the addition of a DOI (digital object identifier). Minor metadata updates on 02\/20\/2013. Metadata modified on 07\/22\/2015 to update cross-reference citations and other minor updates. Additional minor metadata updates on 12\/13\/2016 and 04\/19\/2018.","keyword":["RPA assessment","climate scenario","historical temperature","historical precipitation","historical PET estimates","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","Climate change","Climatology","Climate change effects","conterminous United States","county level"],"spatial":"-124.75,25,-66.9167,49.5","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2010-0010","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2010-0010","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2018-04-19"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Historical climate data (1940-2006) for the conterminous United States at the 5 arc minute grid spatial scale based on PRISM climatology","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2010-0011","description":"Monthly totals of precipitation in millimeters (mm), monthly means of daily maximum air temperature in degrees Celsius (C), and monthly means of daily minimum air temperature (C) were developed at the 5 arc minute grid level for the conterminous United States (US) for the 1940-2006 period. Also, included are computed monthly mean of daily potential evapotranspiration (mm) and mean grid elevation in meters (m). These data were developed from PRISM (Parameter-elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model) data at the 2.5 arc minute scale and aggregated to the 5 arc minute grid scale.The USDA Forest Service (USFS) produces a periodic assessment of the condition and trends of the Nation's renewable resources as required by the Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act (RPA) of 1974. This RPA Assessment provides a snapshot of current US forest and rangeland conditions and trends on all ownerships, identifies drivers of change, and projects 50 years into the future (https:\/\/www.fs.fed.us\/research\/rpa\/, accessed 07\/06\/2015). For 2010 RPA Assessment, an integrated modeling framework is being used in which the potential implications of climate change can be analyzed across some resource areas (Langner et al. 2012). The nature of the climate variables needed to address climate change impacts for these resource analyses in the 2010 RPA Assessment were determined to be monthly precipitation and temperature variables at the 5 arc minute grid level spatial scale, and for some resources at the county scale.Original metadata date was 08\/02\/2010. Metadata modified on 04\/22\/2011 to  adjust citation to include the addition of a DOI (digital object identifier). Minor metadata updates on 02\/20\/2013. Metadata modified on 07\/22\/2015 to update cross-reference citations and other minor updates. Additional minor metadata updates on 12\/13\/2016, 04\/19\/2018, and 07\/02\/2019.","keyword":["RPA assessment","climate scenario","historical temperature","historical precipitation","historical PET estimates","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","Climate change","Climatology","Climate change effects","conterminous United States","grid level"],"spatial":"-124.75,25,-66.9167,49.5","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2010-0011","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2010-0011","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2019-07-02"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Field plot measures and predictive map products for \"Nearest neighbor imputation of species-level, plot-scale forest structure attributes from LiDAR data\"","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2010-0012","description":"This data publication contains LiDAR data (for predictor variables) and plot tree data (for response variables) used in the modeling and mapping of species-level basal area and tree density across two diverse coniferous forest landscapes in north-central Idaho.It also contains the Arc\/INFO GRID raster maps for both study areas showing predicted species-level basal area and tree density.Our goal is to use LiDAR data to produce precise maps of  basic forest structural attributes to benefit forest managers.  We will strive to make maps with accuracies surpassing those of maps made using traditional  methods and we believe that the high precision and spatial density of LiDAR data offers opportunities for improvement upon traditional forest management practices.These data are directly associated with the publications \"Nearest neighbor imputation of species-level, plot-scale forest structure attributes from LiDAR data\" and Corrigendum to \"Nearest neighbor imputation of species-level, plot-scale forest structure attributes from LiDAR data\" shown in the cross-reference section.\n\nOriginal metadata date was 11\/15\/2010. Metadata modified on 04\/25\/2011 to adjust citation to include the addition of a DOI (digital object identifier). Minor metadata updates on 02\/20\/2013. Minor metadata updates on 12\/19\/2016.","keyword":["k-NN imputation","lidar remote sensing","mapping","random forest","biota","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Plant ecology","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis ","Assessments","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","Idaho"],"spatial":"-117.032349918,46.7553230635,-115.973276871,47.3155801428","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2010-0012","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2010-0012","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-19"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Field plot measures and predictive map products for \"Regression modeling and mapping of coniferous forest basal area and tree density from discrete-return lidar and multispectral satellite data\"","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2010-0013","description":"This data publication contains lidar, advanced land imagery, geographic and tree data for 26 different predictor variables used in the modeling and mapping of basal area and tree density across two diverse coniferous forest landscapes in north-central Idaho. It also contains the Arc\/INFO GRID raster format 30-meter-resolution maps for both study areas showing predicted basal area and tree density. These data were collected in order to produce precise maps of ground elevation, canopy height, basal area, and volume to benefit forest managers.  We strive to make maps with accuracies surpassing those of maps made using traditional cruise methods, and believe that high precision and spatial density of lidar data offers opportunities for improvement upon traditional forest management practices.These data are directly associated with the publication \"Regression modeling and mapping of coniferous forest basal area and tree density from discrete-return lidar and multispectral satellite data\" shown in the cross-reference section.\n\nOriginal metadata date was 11\/15\/2010. Metadata modified on 04\/25\/2011 to adjust citation to include the addition of a DOI (digital object identifier). Minor metadata updates on 02\/20\/2013. Minor metadata updates on 12\/19\/2016.","keyword":["lidar","forestry","mapping","remote sensing","biota","elevation","imageryBaseMapsEarthCover","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","Idaho"],"spatial":"-117.032349918,46.7553230635,-115.973276871,47.3155801428","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2010-0013","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2010-0013","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-19"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Field attributes and satellite indices for \"The relationship of multispectral satellite imagery to immediate fire effects\"","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2010-0014","description":"This data publication contains satellite image-derived burn severity indices as well as fire effects measured after eight large wildfire events in the Western United States (Hudak et al. 2007). Fire effects variables were measured or calculated at 418 plots, nested in 50 field sites, located across the full range of burn severities observed at the 2003 Black Mountain, Cooney Ridge, Robert, and Wedge Canyon wildfires in western Montana, the 2003 Old and Simi wildfires in southern California, and the 2004 Porcupine, Chicken, and Wall Street wildfires in interior Alaska. Field attributes include a suite of vegetation, soil, and surface cover characteristics. Satellite indices include the Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR), differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR), Relative dNBR (RdNBR), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), differenced NDVI (dNDVI), as well as green, brown and black fractional cover estimates derived from image spectral mixture analysis.The objective was to assess how well satellite image-derived burn severity indices relate to a suite of immediate post-fire effects measured on the ground.These data are directly associated with the publication \"The Relationship of Multispectral Satellite Imagery to Immediate Fire Effects\" shown in the cross-reference section. \n\nOriginal metadata date was 10\/06\/2010. Metadata modified on 11\/08\/2011 to adjust citation to include the addition of a DOI (digital object identifier). Minor metadata updates on 02\/20\/2013. Minor metadata updates on 12\/19\/2016. On 02\/25\/2019 locations were added to the data and minor changes to field names to make it compatible with other related data that will be available in 2019.","keyword":["burn severity","change detection","char","Landsat","normalized burn ratio","remote sensing","soils","spectral mixture analysis vegetation","wildfire","biota","imageryBaseMapsEarthCover","Fire","Fire effects on environment","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Assessments","Montana","California","Alaska"],"spatial":"-142.67,34.26,-113.79,64.1","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2010-0014","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2010-0014","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2019-02-25"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Maximum temperatures, needle mat, and vegetation measurements in pinyon-juniper microsites following prescribed burn in the Shoshone mountains of Nevada","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2010-0015","description":"Temperature sensitive devices were placed in particular microsites throughout plots located in the Shoshone Mountain Range of central Nevada on the Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest in Nye and Lander Counties. The area was then burned and the devices were collected and transcribed into a dataset that also contains depth of needle mat and tree\/shrub measurements.To observe maximum temperatures in a variety of pinyon-juniper microsites during a fire.Original data publication was compiled on 8\/25\/2010. On 10\/14\/2010 minor edits were made to the metadata such as the addition of two data sets to the Cross-References section. The variable elevation was added to all data sets and the metadata adjusted accordingly.  On 11\/08\/2011 metadata modified to adjust citation to include the addition of a DOI (digital object identifier). Minor metadata updates on 02\/20\/2013. Minor metadata updates on 12\/19\/2016.","keyword":["prescribed fire","pinyon-juniper woodlands","temperature","soil temperature","biota","Fire","Fire effects on environment","Prescribed fire","Nevada","Great Basin","Central Nevada","Shoshone Range","Underdown Canyon","United States"],"spatial":"-117.439615,39.140796,-117.370283,39.182133","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2010-0015","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2010-0015","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-19"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Vegetation response to prescribed fire in the Shoshone mountains of Nevada","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2010-0016","description":"This data publication contains measurements of understory vegetation following spring prescribed fire in the Shoshone Mountain Range of central Nevada on the Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest in Nye and Lander Counties. The measurements include both control and treatment data with estimates of aerial cover and biomass of herbaceous species along with shrub measurements such as volumes, height, maximum crown diameter, perpendicular diameter, life stage, and record of dead shrubs.To examine the recovery of understory vegetation following spring prescribed fire over an elevation gradient for high, intermediate and low tree covers in central Nevada.Original data publication was compiled on 8\/31\/2010. On 10\/14\/1010 minor edits were made to the metadata such as editorial changes to Methodology section, the Entity and Attributes section, as well as the addition of two data sets to the Cross-References section. Variable names within the data sets were also modified to enhance the understanding of the data. Metadata were again modified on 11\/15\/2011 to adjust citation to include the addition of a DOI (digital object identifier). Minor metadata updates on 02\/20\/2013. Minor metadata updates on 12\/20\/2016 and 10\/31\/2019.","keyword":["prescribed fire","pinyon-juniper woodlands","shrubs","understory","forbs","vegetation","plant density","plant cover","biota","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Plant ecology","Fire","Fire ecology","Fire effects on environment","Prescribed fire","Nevada","Great Basin","Central Nevada","Shoshone Range","Underdown Canyon","United States"],"spatial":"-117.439615,39.140796,-117.370283,39.182133","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2010-0016","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2010-0016","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2019-10-31"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Climate Scenarios for the conterminous United States at the 5 arc minute grid spatial scale using SRES scenarios A1B and A2 and PRISM climatology","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2010-0017","description":"Monthly totals of precipitation in millimeters (mm), monthly means of daily maximum air temperature in degrees Celsius (C), and monthly means of daily minimum air temperature (C) were developed at the 5 arc minute grid level for the conterminous United States (US). Also, included are computed monthly mean of daily potential evapotranspiration (mm) and mean grid elevation in meters (m). These data were developed from climate scenarios used in the Fourth Assessment of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, specifically the A1B and the A2 SRES (Special Report on Emissions Scenarios) scenarios as modeled by these climate models: CGCM3.1MR, CSIRO-MK3.5, and MIROC3.2MR. The monthly change factors were developed from global model output and downscaled to the 5 arc minute spatial grid using ANUSPLIN. The 30 year mean climatology (1961-1990) was developed from PRISM (Parameter-elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model) data at the 2.5 arc minute scale and aggregated to the 5 arc minute grid scale. The change factors were imposed upon the 30-year period (1961-1990) to develop the projections for each climate scenario.The USDA Forest Service (USFS) produces a periodic assessment of the condition and trends of the Nation's renewable resources as required by the Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act (RPA) of 1974. This RPA Assessment provides a snapshot of current US forest and rangeland conditions and trends on all ownerships, identifies drivers of change, and projects 50 years into the future (\/\/www.fs.fed.us\/research\/rpa\/, accessed 07\/06\/2015). For 2010 RPA Assessment, an integrated modeling framework is being used in which the potential implications of climate change can be analyzed across some resource areas (Langner et al. 2012). The nature of the climate variables needed to address climate change impacts for these resource analyses in the 2010 RPA Assessment were determined to be monthly precipitation and temperature variables at the 5 arc minute grid level spatial scale.Original metadata dated 08\/02\/2010. Minor modifications made to Attribute Accuracy section of metadata on 09\/17\/2010. Metadata modified on 02\/22\/2012 to adjust citation to include the addition of a DOI (digital object identifier) and update to the cross-reference section. Minor metadata updates on 02\/20\/2013. Metadata modified on 07\/22\/2015 to update cross-reference citations and other minor updates. Additional minor metadata updates on 12\/13\/2016.","keyword":["RPA assessment","climate scenario","temperature projections","precipitation projections","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","Climate change","Climate change effects","Climatology","conterminous United States","grid level"],"spatial":"-124.75,25,-66.9167,49.5","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2010-0017","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2010-0017","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-13"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Climate Scenarios for the conterminous United States at the 5 arc minute grid spatial scale using SRES scenario B2 and PRISM climatology","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2010-0018","description":"Monthly totals of precipitation in millimeters (mm), monthly means of daily maximum air temperature in degrees Celsius (C), and monthly means of daily minimum air temperature (C) were developed at the 5 arc minute grid level for the conterminous United States (US). Also, included are computed monthly mean of daily potential evapotranspiration (mm) and mean grid elevation in meters (m). These data were developed from the SRES (Special Report on Emissions Scenarios) climate scenario B2 used in the Third Assessment of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, as modeled by these climate models: GCGM2 (Climate Centre for Modelling and Analysis), CSIRO MK2 (Australia's Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation), and HadCM3 (Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research UK). The monthly change factors were developed from global model output and downscaled to the 5 arc minute spatial grid using ANUSPLIN following the work of Price et al. (2004). The 30 year mean climatology (1961-1990) was developed from PRISM (Parameter-elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model) data at the 2.5 arc minute scale and aggregated to the 5 arc minute grid scale. The change factors were imposed upon the 30-year period (1961-1990) to develop the projections for each climate scenario.The USDA Forest Service (USFS) produces a periodic assessment of the condition and trends of the Nation's renewable resources as required by the Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act (RPA) of 1974. This RPA Assessment provides a snapshot of current US forest and rangeland conditions and trends on all ownerships, identifies drivers of change, and projects 50 years into the future (https:\/\/www.fs.fed.us\/research\/rpa\/, accessed 07\/06\/2015). For 2010 RPA Assessment, an integrated modeling framework is being used in which the potential implications of climate change can be analyzed across some resource areas (Langner et al. 2012). The nature of the climate variables needed to address climate change impacts for these resource analyses in the 2010 RPA Assessment were determined to be monthly precipitation and temperature variables at the 5 arc minute grid level spatial scale, and for some resources at the county spatial scale.Original metadata dated 08\/02\/2010. Metadata modified on 02\/22\/2012 to adjust citation to include the addition of a DOI (digital object identifier) and update to the cross-reference section. Minor metadata updates on 02\/26\/2013. Metadata modified on 07\/22\/2015 to update cross-reference citations and other minor updates. Additional minor metadata updates on 12\/13\/2016 and 04\/18\/2019.","keyword":["RPA assessment","climate scenario","temperature projections","precipitation projections","PET projections","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","environment","Climate change","Climate change effects","Climatology","conterminous United States","grid level"],"spatial":"-124.75,25,-66.9167,49.5","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2010-0018","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2010-0018","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2019-04-18"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Geomorphology influences extent and composition of riparian plant communities at the watershed scale in central Nevada ","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2010-0019","description":"We conducted an observational study of the relationships between watershed-scale geomorphology and riparian vegetation using solely digital datasets. Watershed morphometry and geology were derived from Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) and geologic maps. Riparian corridors were classified into five vegetation types (riparian forest, riparian shrub, wet\/mesic meadow, dry meadow, and shrub dry meadow) using high-resolution aerial photography. The study was conducted in eighteen small, perennial watersheds in several mountain ranges of central Nevada, USA.Riparian ecosystems supply valuable resources in all landscapes, but especially in semiarid regions such as the Great Basin of the western United States. Over half of Great Basin streams are thought to be in poor ecological condition and further deterioration is of significant concern to stakeholders. Riparian vegetation diversity and distribution are typically described at the reach scale according to environmental gradients that occur perpendicular to the channel. Few studies have directly related watershed-scale geomorphology to riparian vegetation pattern. Watershed characteristics influence riparian ecosystems via their effects on the hydrograph, infiltration rates, sediment load, and drainage network development. Consideration of relationships between watershed-scale geomorphology and riparian vegetation could improve predictive modeling and inform restoration efforts.Original metadata date was 08\/25\/2010. Metadata modified on 03\/12\/2013 to adjust citation to include the addition of a DOI (digital object identifier) and other minor edits. Minor metadata updates on 12\/21\/2016.","keyword":["biota","environment","geoscientificInformation","inlandWaters","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Geography","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","Landscape ecology","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","riparian","plant community","multiresolution segmentation","geomorphology","Great Basin","Nevada"],"spatial":"-115.289883524347,38.5906377046692,-117.56097911383,39.4897164364257","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2010-0019","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2010-0019","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-21"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Relationships between riparian vegetation and geomorphic process zones in the Toiyabe mountain range in Nevada","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2010-0020","description":"We conducted a field observational study to investigate the ecological significance of the \"process zone\" geomorphic classification scheme for riparian ecosystem distribution, composition, and structure. We measured geomorphic characteristics at multiple scales in order to better understand relationships between geomorphology and riparian vegetation, and to suggest improvements to the classification scheme. We field mapped process zones and riparian vegetation types in 2007 and 2008 in four small, perennial watersheds in the Toiyabe mountain range of central Nevada, USA. Watershed boundaries, process zones and vegetation patches were digitized in a GIS. The file geodatabase also contains points representing site locations of detailed field sampling that occurred in 2008. During the summer of 2008 we surveyed channel, valley, and watershed characteristics and collected abundance and structure data for all vascular plant species within the riparian zone of the main stream channel for the same four watersheds. Riparian ecosystems supply valuable resources in all landscapes, but especially in semiarid regions such as the Great Basin of the western United States. Over half of Great Basin streams are thought to be in poor ecological condition and further deterioration is of significant concern to stakeholders. A thorough understanding of how physical processes at multiple scales work independently and interactively to shape riparian communities is necessary for successful management or restoration. Rivers and associated riparian ecosystems exhibit great variety in physical and biological structures, assemblages, and processes. Ecologically significant classification schemes are useful for identifying functionally similar sites within and among rivers as well as prioritizing conservation and restoration efforts.Original metadata date was 08\/20\/2010. Metadata modified on 03\/12\/2013 to adjust citation to include the addition of a DOI (digital object identifier) and other minor edits. Minor metadata updates on 12\/20\/2016.","keyword":["biota","environment","geoscientificInformation","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Geography","Landscape ecology","riparian","plant community","stand structure","classification","geomorphology","Great Basin","Nevada","Toiyable mountain range"],"spatial":"-116.99320179902,39.0737192794205,-117.299415358458,39.4405791458402","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2010-0020","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2010-0020","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-20"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Central Nevada meadow characterization","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2010-0021","description":"This data publication contains a geodatabase as well as tabular digital data for Central Nevada meadows that were based on data collected in the summer of 2005 and 2006. The geodatabase includes plant community arrangements, streams, springs, and watersheds within each meadow. It also provides a large array of information about each meadow through the attribute table, as well as active links within the geodatabase that open up each meadows respective photographs and aerial photograph (when available). The tabular digital data contain plant community information characterized from randomly located 0.25 meter plots (between 15 and 20 per community depending on size). At each plot: aerial cover, basal cover, and species cover were estimated for all the species using cover classes. Individual species types were also recorded. Three cross sections, chosen to represent the range of channel shapes, were surveyed in each meadow reach and in the reaches above and below the meadow. In the field a Topcon GTS-211D total station was used to also survey a long profile which provided detailed information about the streams slope, shape, length, depth, bank condition, and more.The vector digital data (GIS) were measured, in part, to assign vegetation types to the \"Meadow_Community\" shapefile's polygons. It was also done to help quantify and characterize the streams within the meadow community. \n\nThe intent of the tabular digital data was to provide users an easy way to view the plant community arrangement, streams, springs, and watersheds within each meadow.Cross sections that were taken with the total station may have spatial coordinates that can be loaded into the GIS, otherwise the cross section is described under the field \"LOCATION\". A general location such as ABOVE for above the GIS meadow, IN for inside the GIS meadow, FAN for a cross section taken within the fan, and BELOW indicating a cross section somewhere below the GIS meadow.\n\nThe long profile data contains many of the same points from the \"Streams\" shapefile available in the GIS data. However, this data is not in UTM coordinates, so it is not included inside the geodatabase. The coordinates are in a meter grid system, and therefore can still be graphed accurately. A set of points for a given meadow may contain more or less points than its respective \"Stream\" polyline.\n\nOriginal metadata date was 08\/23\/2010. Metadata modified on 03\/12\/2013 to adjust citation to include the addition of a DOI (digital object identifier) and other minor edits. Additional minor edits made on 09\/23\/2015 and 10\/13\/2015. Minor metadata updates on 12\/21\/2016.","keyword":["biota","environment","geoscientificInformation","inlandWaters","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Geography","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","Plant ecology","riparian communities","riparian areas","riparian zone","riparian ecology","vegetation","vegetation communities","meadows","grasses","ground cover","basal cover","vegetation","species cover","sedge","creeks","streams","erosion","geomorphological processes","stream incision","stream cross section","Nevada","Great Basin","Roberts","Hot Creek","Lander County","Humboldt County","Toiyabe National Forest","Shoshone Range","Toiyabe Range","Toquima Range","Monitor Range","Hot Springs Range"],"spatial":"-117.620791,38.614417,-116.29145,39.888573","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2010-0021","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2010-0021","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-21"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Manitou Experimental Forest hourly meteorology data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0001-2","description":"This data publication contains hourly meteorological data collected at the Manitou Experimental Forest (MEF) near Woodland Park, Colorado from June 1998 through 2018. Data include hourly average air temperature, relative humidity, photo-synthetically active radiation (PAR), wind direction and speed, as well as rainfall. Also included are hourly average ground temperatures measured at 2, 8, and 20 inches below ground.The Manitou Experimental Forest is part of the USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station. Established in 1936, its early research focused on range and watershed management. Currently, ecologic research at the site continues to expand our knowledge of the history, structure, and potential development of Colorado Front Range forests.Additional information about the Manitou Experimental Forest can be found at https:\/\/www.fs.usda.gov\/main\/manitou.\n\nThe first edition of these data was published in 2011 (see Asherin 2011 in the Cross-Reference section). This second edition includes additional data and corrections to data errors found in 2 and 20 inch ground temperature measurements. The metadata have been revised to reflect these changes and a description of the data modifications can be found in the Process Steps section below. Original metadata date was 03\/21\/2016. Minor metadata updates were made on 11\/29\/2016. On 01\/12\/2017 the data publication was updated to include 2016 data. On 02\/09\/2018 data from 2017 were added, and 2018 data were added on 02\/05\/2019.","keyword":["meteorology","air temperature","relative humidity","PAR","rainfall","ground temperature","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","Climate change","Climatology","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Manitou Experimental Forest","Colorado"],"spatial":"105.09380,39.10046,105.09380,39.10046","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0001-2","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0001-2","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2019-02-05"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Manitou Experimental Forest hourly meteorology data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0001","description":"This data set contains hourly meteorological data collected at the Manitou Experimental Forest (MEF) near Woodland Park, Colorado from June 1998 through 2014. Data include hourly average air temperature, relative humidity, photo-synthetically active radiation (PAR), wind direction and speed, as well as rainfall. Also included are hourly average ground temperatures measured at 2, 8, and 20 inches below ground.The Manitou Experimental Forest is part of the USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station. Established in 1936, its early research focused on range and watershed management. Currently, ecologic research at the site continues to expand our  knowledge of the history, structure, and potential development of Colorado Front Range forests.Additional information about the Manitou Experimental Forest can be found at \/\/www.fs.usda.gov\/main\/manitou.\n\nOriginal metadata date was 03\/23\/11. Minor changes made to metadata on 05\/09\/2013 when this data publication became available through the Forest Service Research Data Archive. Data for 2011 and 2012 were added to this data publication on 08\/20\/2013, and the metadata updated accordingly. Data for 2013 and 2014 were added on 04\/07\/2015, and the metadata updated accordingly. It is important to note that on 03\/18\/2016 the units for the three ground temperature measurements were updated. They were originally incorrectly noted as being measured in degrees Fahrenheit, but are in fact measurements of degrees Celsius. The metadata were also updated to point to the second edition of these data, which became available in March 2016 (Asherin 2016; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0001-2). This new edition includes an additional year of data and corrections to erroneous ground temperature measurements. We recommend the use of the 2nd edition of these data. Minor metadata updates on 11\/29\/2016.","keyword":["meteorology","air temperature","relative humidity","PAR","rainfall","ground temperature","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","Climate change","Climatology","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Manitou Experimental Forest","Colorado"],"spatial":"105.09380,39.10046,105.09380,39.10046","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0001","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0001","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-11-29"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Detections of breeding birds in the Shoshone, Toiyabe, Toquima, and Monitor ranges, Nevada","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0002.2","description":"These data document annual detections of breeding birds in canyons throughout four mountain ranges in the central Great Basin (Lander, Nye, and Eureka counties, Nevada): the Shoshone Mountains, Toiyabe Range, Toquima Range, and Monitor Range. Data were collected from 2001 through 2012, inclusive. Birds were detected during fixed-radius point counts. In most cases, each point was visited three times per season. Data include coordinates of each point, species detected, and date and method of detection.Data were collected to examine relationships among occurrence of birds, topography, and vegetation, especially in the context of changes in vegetation as a result of wildfire or prescribed fire. Data also were collected to investigate baseline variation in occurrence of birds in space and time and to compare distributions of birds and butterflies in space and time. Knowledge of baseline variation informs assessment of possible effects of environmental change, whether natural or anthropogenic.Additional data are available on request (see Point of Contact section): during point counts, birds detected at > 100 meters (2005-2012); flyovers during point counts (birds not necessarily using resources in the point, but present in the area); records of species detected during field research but not during point counts or at point locations. Various measurements of vegetation at each point are in the process of being archived and will be made available soon. \n\nThe first edition of these data was made available on 01\/27\/2011 (Fleishman [2011]). This second edition of the data adds 3 more years of data and also includes data for birds detected from 5 to 8 minutes from 2005-2012. This new edition reflects revisions by the American Ornithologists' Union to some of the taxonomy published in the 1st edition.  The metadata were also improved. Original metadata date for this second edition was 3\/1\/2013. Minor metadata updates were made on 4\/16\/2013, 11\/14\/2013 (such as the addition of keywords), and again on 12\/09\/2016. In April 2015 a third edition of these data became available (Fleishman [2015]) and we recommend use of this newer edition. The third edition adds 2 more years of data. Furthermore, this new edition also reflects revisions by the American Ornithologists' Union to some of the taxonomy published in the 2nd edition.\n\n** NOTE: A fourth edition of these data was published on 04\/26\/2019 (Fleishman [2019]), which included 2 additional years of data (2015 and 2018) and a few other updates to the data. We recommend the use of this newer edition.","keyword":["breeding birds","detections","point counts","wildfire","prescribed fire","land-cover change","monitoring","time series","riparian","pinyon","juniper","sagebrush","JFSP","Joint Fire Science Program","biota","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Birds","Nevada","Great Basin","Shoshone Mountains","Toiyabe Range","Toquima Range","Monitor Range","Lander County","Nye County","Eureka County"],"spatial":"-117.547233160187,38.6471534350003,-116.412277771069,39.4876966819568","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0002.2","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0002.2","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2019-04-26"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Detections of breeding birds in the Shoshone, Toiyabe, Toquima, and Monitor ranges, Nevada","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0002.3","description":"These data document annual detections of breeding birds in canyons throughout four mountain ranges in the central Great Basin (Lander, Nye, and Eureka counties, Nevada): the Shoshone Mountains, Toiyabe Range, Toquima Range, and Monitor Range. Data were collected during the breeding season from 2001 through 2014, inclusive. Birds were detected during fixed-radius point counts. In most cases, each point was visited three times per breeding season. Data include coordinates of each point, species detected, and date and method of detection.Data were collected to examine relationships among occurrence or occupancy of birds, topography, and vegetation. In some cases, changes in vegetation were a result of wildfire or prescribed fire. Data also were collected to investigate baseline variation in occurrence of birds in space and time, to compare distributions of birds and butterflies in space and time. Knowledge of baseline variation informs assessment of possible effects of environmental change, whether natural or anthropogenic. Additionally, data were collected to develop new methods or refine existing methods for measurement of species occupancy and species richness.The first edition of these data was made available on 01\/27\/2011 (Fleishman [2011]). The second was made available on 03\/01\/2013 (Fleishman[2013]). This third edition adds 2 more years of data. Furthermore, this new edition also reflects revisions by the American Ornithologists' Union to some of the taxonomy published in the 2nd edition. Also, the metadata were improved. Additional data on breeding birds in the same region are available (Fleishman [2015b]): during point counts, birds detected at > 100 meters (2005-2014); flyovers during point counts (birds not necessarily using resources in the point, but present in the area); records of species detected during field research but not during point counts or at point locations. Minor metadata updates on 12\/09\/2016. \n\t  \n** NOTE: A fourth edition of these data was published on 04\/26\/2019 (Fleishman [2019]), which included 2 additional years of data (2015 and 2018) and a few other updates to the data. We recommend the use of this newer edition.","keyword":["breeding birds","detections","point counts","wildfire","prescribed fire","land-cover change","monitoring","time series","riparian","pinyon","juniper","sagebrush","JFSP","Joint Fire Science Program","SERDP","Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program","biota","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Animal ecology","Fire","Fire effects on environment","Prescribed fire","Forest & Plant Health","Botany","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Birds","Habitat management","central Nevada","Nevada","Great Basin","Shoshone Mountains","Toiyabe Range","Toquima Range","Monitor Range","Lander County","Nye County","Eureka County"],"spatial":"-117.547233160187,38.6471534350003,-116.412277771069,39.4876966819568","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0002.3","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0002.3","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2019-04-26"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Detections of breeding birds in the Shoshone, Toiyabe, Toquima, and Monitor ranges, Nevada","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0002","description":"These data document annual detections of breeding birds in canyons throughout four mountain ranges in the central Great Basin (Lander, Nye, and Eureka counties, Nevada): the Shoshone Mountains, Toiyabe Range, Toquima Range, and Monitor Range. Data were collected from 2001 through 2009, inclusive. Birds were detected during fixed-radius point counts. Each point was visited three times per season. Data include location and coordinates of each point, species detected, and date observed.Data were collected to examine relationships among occurrence of birds, topography and vegetation, especially in the context of changes in vegetation as a result of wildfire or prescribed fire. Data also were collected to investigate baseline variation in occurrence of birds in space and time and to compare distributions of birds and butterflies in space and time. Knowledge of baseline variation is important for assessing possible effects of environmental change, whether natural or anthropogenic.Additional data are available on request (see Point of Contact section): during point counts, birds detected at > 100 meters (2005-2009), and birds detected from 5 to 8 minutes (2004-2009); flyovers during point counts (birds not necessarily using resources in the point, but present in the area); records of species detected during field research but not during point counts or at point locations. Various measurements of vegetation at each point also are available.\n\nAt the time these data were archived, there were multiple publications that used these data. These publications are listed in the file: CrossReferences_NV_annual_breeding_bird_detections.pdf, which is included in this data publication.\n\nOriginal metadata date was 01\/27\/2011. Metadata modified on 03\/24\/2011 to  adjust citation to include the addition of a DOI (digital object identifier). Minor changes made to metadata on 03\/01\/2013 when this data publication became available through R&D Data Archive. Additional minor metadata changes made on 11\/14\/2013, such as the addition of keywords. Minor metadata updates on 12\/01\/2016. In 2013 a second edition of these data became available (Fleishman [2013]) which was a more up to date set of data, and contained the full taxonomic information for the data. In April 2015 a third edition of these data became available (Fleishman [2015]). We recommend use of this third edition, which adds 2 more years of data. Furthermore, this new edition also reflects revisions by the American Ornithologists' Union to some of the taxonomy published in the 2nd edition.\n\t  \n** NOTE: A fourth edition of these data was published on 04\/26\/2019 (Fleishman [2019]), which included 2 additional years of data (2015 and 2018) and a few other updates to the data. We recommend the use of this newer edition.","keyword":["breeding birds","detections","point counts","wildfire","prescribed fire","land cover change","monitoring","time series","riparian","pinyon","juniper","sagebrush","JFSP","Joint Fire Science Program","biota","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Birds","Nevada","Great Basin","Shoshone Mountains","Toiyabe Range","Toquima Range","Monitor Range","Lander County","Nye County","Eureka County"],"spatial":"-117.547233160187,38.6471534350003,-116.412277771069,39.4876966819568","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0002","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0002","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2019-04-26"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Presence and absence of butterflies in the Shoshone Mountains and Toiyabe and Toquima ranges, Nevada","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0003.2","description":"These data document observed presence of butterflies in canyons throughout three mountain ranges in the central Great Basin (Lander and Nye counties, Nevada): the Shoshone Mountains, Toiyabe Range, and Toquima Range. Data were collected from 1995 through 2005, inclusive. Records for each year reflect multiple visits (generally 5 or 6) at about 10-14 day intervals from late May or early June through late August or early September. Data include species detected, date, location, abundance, and whether the species is a nonresident, resident, or montane resident.Data were collected to examine relationships between occurrence of butterflies and topography and between occurrence of butterflies and birds. Data also were collected to investigate baseline variation in occurrence of butterflies in space and time. Knowledge of baseline variation informs assessment of possible effects of environmental change, whether natural or anthropogenic.The first edition of these data was made available on 01\/27\/2011 (Fleishman [2011]).  Minor changes made to metadata on 03\/01\/2013. Additional minor metadata edits were made on 11\/14\/2013, such as the addition of some keywords. Minor metadata updates on 12\/02\/2016.\n \nThis second edition of the data adds 2 more years of data, data from each visit (instead of annual presence or absence), and data on relative abundance associated with many detections. Additionally, the metadata were improved.\n\n**NOTE: In April 2015 a third edition of these data became available (Fleishman [2015]) and we recommend use of this newer edition. The third edition of the data adds another 2 more years of data, instances in which a given location was sampled multiple times on a given day (to obtain a detection history), and data on relative abundance of mud puddles and plants that might serve as sources of nectar.","keyword":["lepidoptera","skippers","resident butterflies","montane butterflies","transects","Papilionidae","Pieridae","Nymphalidae","Lycaenidae","Hesperiidae","monitoring","time series","riparian","pinyon","juniper","sagebrush","JFSP","Joint Fire Science Program","biota","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Invertebrates","Nevada","Great Basin","Shoshone Mountains","Toiyabe Range","Toquima Range","Lander County","Nye County"],"spatial":"-117.575132871775,38.6448263136483,-116.727651723747,39.4429268147128","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0003.2","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0003.2","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2015-04-27"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Presence and absence of butterflies in the Shoshone Mountains and Toiyabe and Toquima ranges, Nevada","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0003.3","description":"These data document observed presence of butterflies in canyons throughout three mountain ranges in the central Great Basin (Lander and Nye counties, Nevada): the Shoshone Mountains, Toiyabe Range, and Toquima Range. Data were collected from 1995 through 2005, inclusive, and in 2013 and 2014. Records for each year reflect multiple visits (generally 5 or 6) at about 10-14 day intervals from late May or early June through late August or early September. Data include species detected, date, location, abundance, and whether the species is a nonresident, resident, or montane resident.Data were collected to examine relationships between occurrence or occupancy of butterflies and topography and between occurrence of butterflies and birds. Data also were collected to investigate baseline variation in occurrence of butterflies in space and time. Knowledge of baseline variation informs assessment of possible effects of environmental change, whether natural or anthropogenic.The first edition of these data was made available on 01\/27\/2011 (Fleishman [2011]) and the second edition was made available on 11\/14\/2013 (Fleishman [2013]). The third edition of the data adds 2 more years of data, instances in which a given location was sampled multiple times on a given day (to obtain a detection history), and data on relative abundance of mud puddles and plants that might serve as sources of nectar. Additionally, the metadata were improved. Minor metadata updates on 12\/05\/2016.","keyword":["lepidoptera","skippers","resident butterflies","montane butterflies","transects","Papilionidae","Pieridae","Nymphalidae","Lycaenidae","Hesperiidae","monitoring","time series","riparian","pinyon","juniper","sagebrush","JFSP","Joint Fire Science Program","SERDP","Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program","biota","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Invertebrates","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","central Nevada","Nevada","Great Basin","Shoshone Mountains","Toiyabe Range","Toquima Range","Lander County","Nye County"],"spatial":"-117.575132871775,38.6448263136483,-116.727651723747,39.4429268147128","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0003.3","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0003.3","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-05"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Presence and absence of butterflies in the Shoshone Mountains and Toiyabe and Toquima ranges, Nevada","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0003","description":"These data document annual observed presences and absences of resident butterflies in canyons throughout three mountain ranges in the central Great Basin (Lander and Nye counties, Nevada): the Shoshone Mountains, Toiyabe Range, and Toquima Range. Data were collected from 1995 through 2003, inclusive. Records for each year are based on multiple visits (approximately 6) at 10-14 day intervals from late May through late August or early September.  Data were collected to examine relationships between occurrence of butterflies and topography and between occurrence of butterflies and birds. Data also were collected to investigate baseline variation in occurrence of butterflies in space and time. Knowledge of baseline variation is important for assessing possible effects of environmental change, whether natural or anthropogenic.Additional data are available on request (see Point of Contact section): presence and absence records for each visit (i.e., rather than aggregated for the year), presence and absence of nonresident butterflies, relative abundance of each species in each canyon segment on each visit (for most years).\n\nAt the time these data were archived, there were multiple publications that used these data. These publications are listed in the file: CrossReferences_NV_butterfly_presence.pdf, which is included in this data publication.\n\nOriginal metadata date was 01\/27\/2011. Metadata modified on 03\/24\/2011 to  adjust citation to include the addition of a DOI (digital object identifier). Minor changes made to metadata on 03\/01\/2013 when this data publication became available through the Forest Service Research Data Archive. Additional minor metadata edits were made on 11\/14\/2013, such as the addition of some keywords. Minor metadata updates on 12\/02\/2016.\n\n**NOTE: In 2013 a second edition of these data became available (Fleishman [2013]) which was a more up to date set of data, and contained the full taxonomic information for the data. In April 2015 a third edition of these data became available (Fleishman [2015a]). We recommend use of this third edition, which adds a few more years of data, instances in which a given location was sampled multiple times on a given day (to obtain a detection history), and data on relative abundance of mud puddles and plants that might serve as sources of nectar.","keyword":["lepidoptera","skippers","resident butterflies","montane butterflies","transects","Papilionidae","Pieridae","Nymphalidae","Lycaenidae","Hesperiidae","monitoring","time series","riparian","pinyon","juniper","sagebrush","JFSP","Joint Fire Science Program","biota","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Invertebrates","Nevada","Great Basin","Shoshone Mountains","Toiyabe Range","Toquima Range","Lander County","Nye County"],"spatial":"-117.575132871775,38.6448263136483,-116.727651723747,39.4429268147128","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0003","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0003","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-02"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Data product containing nest site selection and survival data for \"Nesting ecology of greater sage-grouse Centrocercus urophasianus at the eastern edge of their historic distribution\"","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0004","description":"The greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) in North Dakota is listed as a Priority Level 1 Species of Special Concern by the the North Dakota Game and Fish Department due to the declining populations between 1965 and 2003. This data publication contains nest site selection and nest survival data for the greater sage-grouse in North Dakota between 2005 and 2006.The objective of this study was to quantify nest habitat selection and specific factors associated with survival of nests for greater sage-grouse in North Dakota. This will hopefully lead to the development of management recommendations to assist agencies in managing habitats for sage-grouse. These data are directly associated with the publication \"Nesting ecology of greater sage-grouse Centrocercus urophasianus at the eastern edge of their historic distribution\" listed in the Cross-Reference section.\n\nOriginal metadata date was 01\/19\/2011. Metadata modified on 03\/25\/2011 to  adjust citation to include the addition of a DOI (digital object identifier). Minor changes made to metadata on 05\/09\/2013 when this data publication became available through R&D Data Archive. On 1\/17\/14 additional minor metadata updates were made, none of which affect the actual description of the data. Minor metadata updates on 12\/05\/2016.","keyword":["eastern range","edge of distribution","habitat","nesting","sage-grouse","Centrocercus urophasianus","biota","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Bird","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Plant ecology","Bowman county","Slope county","North Dakota","Montana"],"spatial":"-104.90000,45.8,-102.90000,46.70","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0004","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0004","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-05"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Data product containing elk telemetry and vegetation characterization for \"Habitat use by elk (Cervus elaphus) within structural stages of a managed forest of the northcentral United States\"","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0005","description":"This data publication contains capture and telemetry measurements for elk (Cervus elaphus) in the Black Hills National Forest. Radio-collared elk were located 2-3 times per month and behavior observed.  These data also include vegetation characterization at 412 locations where the precise location of elk were observed and 509 random locations. Elk are desirable for consumptive and non-consumptive uses. They also are increasingly, the subject of conflicts between recreational uses, livestock, timber, or off-highway vehicles. Elk move large distances in their daily search for resources. Consequently, as biologists attempt to unravel the resource selection processes, resource selection must be evaluated simultaneously across multiple scales. The combination of high road density and intensive timber management in the Black Hills provided an ideal background for evaluating resource selection by elk at multiple scales in intensively managed forests.These data are directly associated with the publication \"Habitat use by elk (Cervus elaphus) within structural stages of a managed forest of the northcentral United States\" shown in the cross-reference section. \n\nMinor metadata updates on 02\/26\/2013. Minor metadata updates on 12\/05\/2016.","keyword":["elk","habitat","biota","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Animal ecology","Wildlife  (or Fauna)","Mammals","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Black Hills National Forest","South Dakota"],"spatial":"104.83333,43.16667,103.33333,44.83333","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0005","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0005","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-05"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"fcounty100: FIA county boundaries of the Southern United States at 1:100,000 scale","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0006","description":"This coverage was identified on the USGS Water Resources NSDI Node site at https:\/\/www.usgs.gov\/ngpo\/. The coverage contains the 1:100,000 scale county boundaries of the southern region of the continental United States. These boundaries were extracted from TIGER\/line Precensus Files,1990 (please see USGS_Procedures_Used in Process Steps below). The data was then modified by USDA Forest Service Personnel for use in the Southern Forest Resource Assessment and exported to a shapefile (please see USDA Forest Service Modifications in Process Steps below).This shapefile is used as a base map for a variety of applications.Metadata modified on 6\/08\/2011 to include DOI and other minor modifications to the metadata. As of 6\/08\/2011 data were also available at: \/\/www.srs.fs.usda.gov\/sustain\/data\/.\nMinor metadata updates on 02\/26\/2013. Minor metadata updates on 12\/05\/2016.","keyword":["counties","boundaries","Administrative and political boundaries","boundaries","imageryBaseMapsEarthCover","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Geography"],"spatial":"-97.104246,23.957495,-74.773082,39.961157","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0006","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0006","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-05"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"fcounty2m: FIA county boundaries of the Southern United States at 1:2,000,000 scale","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0007","description":"This coverage was identified on the USGS Water Resources NSDI Node site at https:\/\/www.usgs.gov\/ngpo\/. The coverage contains the county boundaries of the southern region of the continental United States. These boundaries were derived from the Digital Line Graph (DLG) files representing the 1:2,000,000 scale map in the National Atlas of the United States (please see USGS_Procedures_Used in Process Steps below).The data was then modified by USDA Forest Service Personnel for use in the Southern Forest Resource Assessment and exported to a shapefile (please see USDA Forest Service Modifications in Process Steps below).This shapefile is used as a base map for a variety of applications.Metadata was updated on 6\/08\/2011 when data became available through this archive. Minor metadata updates made on 04\/18\/2013. Minor metadata updates on 12\/06\/2016.\n\nData were originally made available at \/\/www.srs.fs.usda.gov\/sustain\/data\/.","keyword":["counties","Administrative and political boundaries","boundaries","imageryBaseMapsEarthCover","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Geography"],"spatial":"-97.085624,24.095409,-74.834524,39.952148","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0007","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0007","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-06"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"sstates100: State boundaries of the Southern United States at 1:100,000 scale","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0008","description":"This coverage was identified on the USGS Water Resources NSDI Node site at https:\/\/www.usgs.gov\/ngpo\/. The coverage contains the state boundaries of the southern region of the continental United States. These boundaries were derived from the Digital Line Graph (DLG) files representing the 1:100,000 scale map in the National Atlas of the United States.  The data was then modified by USDA Forest Service Personnel for use in the Southern Forest Resource Assessment and exported to a shapefile (please see Process Steps below).This shapefile is used as a base map for a variety of applications.Metadata modified on 6\/08\/2011 to include DOI and other minor modifications to the metadata. As of 6\/08\/2011 data were also available at: \/\/www.srs.fs.usda.gov\/sustain\/data\/. Minor metadata updates on 02\/26\/2013 and 08\/13\/2014. Minor metadata updates on 12\/06\/2016.","keyword":["states","boundaries","Administrative and political boundaries","boundaries","imageryBaseMapsEarthCover","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Geography"],"spatial":"-108.021737,23.664456,-74.773082,39.961128","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0008","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0008","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-06"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"sstates2m: State boundaries of the Southern United States at 1:200,000 scale","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0009","description":"This coverage was identified on the USGS Water Resources NSDI Node site at https:\/\/www.usgs.gov\/ngpo\/. The coverage contains the state boundaries of the southern region of the continental United States. These boundaries were derived from the Digital Line Graph (DLG) files representing the 1:2,000,000 scale map in the National Atlas of the United States.  The data was then modified by USDA Forest Service Personnel for use in the Southern Forest Resource Assessment and exported to a shapefile (please see Process Steps below).This shapefile is used as a base map for a variety of applications.Metadata was updated on 6\/08\/2011 when data became available through this archive. Minor metadata updates on 04\/18\/2013. Minor metadata updates on 12\/06\/2016.\n\nData were originally made available at \/\/www.srs.fs.usda.gov\/sustain\/data\/.","keyword":["states","Administrative and political boundaries","boundaries","imageryBaseMapsEarthCover","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Geography"],"spatial":"-108.018264,23.796542,-74.834524,39.952118","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0009","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0009","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-06"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"fstate2m: State boundaries of the Southern United States at 1:200,000 scale","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0010","description":"This coverage was identified on the USGS Water Resources NSDI Node site at https:\/\/www.usgs.gov\/ngpo\/. The coverage contains the state boundaries of the southern region of the continental United States. These boundaries were derived from the Digital Line Graph (DLG) files representing the 1:2,000,000 scale map in the National Atlas of the United States.  The data was then modified by US Environmental Protection Agency Personnel for use in the Southern Forest Resource Assessment and exported to a shapefile (please see Process Steps below).This shapefile is used as a base map for a variety of applications.Metadata modified on 6\/08\/2011 to include DOI and other minor modifications to the metadata. As of 6\/08\/2011 data were also available at: \/\/www.srs.fs.usda.gov\/sustain\/data\/. Minor metadata updates on 02\/27\/2013 and 08\/13\/2014. Minor metadata updates on 12\/06\/2016.","keyword":["states","boundaries","Administrative and political boundaries","boundaries","imageryBaseMapsEarthCover","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Geography"],"spatial":"-97.085624,24.095409,-74.834524,39.952148","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0010","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0010","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-06"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Fernow Experimental Forest daily air temperature","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0013","description":"This data publication contains daily maximum and minimum air temperature measured at two weather stations on the Fernow Experimental Forest from 1951 to 2021. The Fernow Experimental Forest is located on the Monongahela National Forest in Tucker County, West Virginia.This data publication is used by USDA Forest Service scientists, staff and cooperators in support of research in hydrology, watershed management, silviculture, forest ecology, and wildlife ecology in the central Appalachian region and inter-regional comparisons.* This metadata applies to the raw data available through the full data publication download. Summary data available through the online query are calculated based on user selections and should be carefully interpreted. \n\nFor more details on the Fernow Experimental Forest see the vast list of publications available: https:\/\/www.fs.usda.gov\/research\/nrs\/forestsandranges\/locations\/fernow.\n\nOriginal metadata created on 10\/24\/2011. Minor metadata updates on 11\/18\/2014. On 11\/23\/2015, three additional years of data were added (2011-2013), the watershed map was updated, and minor updates were made to the metadata. Minor metadata updates on 12\/06\/2016. On 8\/17\/2017, two additional years of data were added (2014-2015), and minor updates were made to the metadata. On 01\/09\/2020, two additional years of data were added (2016-2017), and minor updates were made to the metadata. On 08\/27\/2021, two additional years of data were added (2018-2019), and minor updates were made to the metadata. On 08\/18\/2023, two additional years of data were added (2020-2021), and minor updates were made to the metadata.","keyword":["biota","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","geoscientificInformation","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Animal ecology","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","Plant ecology","Forest & Plant Health","Climate effects","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","temperature","climate","mixed hardwoods","Fernow Experimental Forest","Monongahela National Forest","West Virginia","central Appalachian Mountains"],"spatial":"-79.71409,39.02686,-79.64276,39.07841","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0013","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0013","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-08-18"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Fernow Experimental Forest daily precipitation","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0014","description":"This data publication contains daily watershed-weighted precipitation measured for nine watersheds on the Fernow Experimental Forest from 1951 to 2021. The Fernow Experimental Forest is located on the Monongahela National Forest in Tucker County, West Virginia.This data publication is used by USDA Forest Service scientists, staff and cooperators in support of research in hydrology, watershed management, silviculture, forest ecology, and wildlife ecology in the central Appalachian region and inter-regional comparisons.* This metadata applies to the raw data available through the full data publication download. Summary data available through the online query are calculated based on user selections and should be carefully interpreted.\n\nFor more details on the Fernow Experimental Forest see the vast list of publications available: https:\/\/www.fs.usda.gov\/research\/nrs\/forestsandranges\/locations\/fernow.\n\nOriginal metadata created on 10\/24\/2011. Minor metadata updates on 11\/26\/2014. On 11\/23\/2015, four additional years of data were added (2010-2013), data for two additional watersheds were added (1987-2013), the watershed map was updated, and minor updates were made to the metadata. Minor metadata updates on 12\/06\/2016. On 08\/17\/2017, two additional years of data were added (2014-2015), and minor updates were made to the metadata. On 09\/19\/2017, we corrected a download problem with the data file. On 01\/09\/2020, two additional years of data were added (2016-2017), and minor updates were made to the metadata. On 08\/27\/2021, two additional years of data were added (2018-2019), and minor updates were made to the metadata. On 08\/18\/2023, two additional years of data were added (2020-2021), and minor updates were made to the metadata.","keyword":["biota","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","geoscientificInformation","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Animal ecology","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","Plant ecology","Forest & Plant Health","Climate effects","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","precipitation","climate","mixed hardwoods","Fernow Experimental Forest","Monongahela National Forest","West Virginia","central Appalachian Mountains"],"spatial":"-79.71409,39.02686,-79.64276,39.07841","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0014","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0014","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-08-18"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Fernow Experimental Forest daily streamflow","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0015","description":"This data publication contains daily streamflow for nine watersheds on the Fernow Experimental Forest from 1951 to 2019. The Fernow Experimental Forest is located on the Monongahela National Forest in Tucker County, West Virginia.This data publication is used by USDA Forest Service scientists, staff and cooperators in support of research in hydrology, watershed management, silviculture, forest ecology, and wildlife ecology in the central Appalachian region and inter-regional comparisons.* This metadata applies to the raw data available through the full data publication download. Summary data available through the online query are calculated based on user selections and should be carefully interpreted.\n\nFor more details on the Fernow Experimental Forest see the vast list of publications available: https:\/\/www.nrs.fs.fed.us\/ef\/locations\/wv\/fernow\/.\n\nOriginal metadata created on 10\/24\/2011. Minor metadata updates on 11\/26\/2014. On 11\/24\/2015 four additional years of data were added (2010-2013), data for two additional watersheds were added (WS-10: 1985-2013 and WS-13: 1989-2013), the watershed map was updated, and minor updates were made to the metadata. Minor metadata updates on 12\/06\/2016. On 8\/17\/2017 two additional years of data were added (2014-2015) for all watersheds, and minor updates were made to the metadata. On 01\/09\/2020 two additional years of data were added (2016-2017) for all watersheds, and minor updates were made to the metadata. On 08\/27\/2021 two additional years of data were added (2018-2019) for all watersheds, and minor updates were made to the metadata. Previous watershed 3 (WS-3) daily streamflow data for 1951-2017 were calculated using an incorrect watershed area. These data have been corrected in this updated 2021 version of the data publication. Previously reported daily streamflow data for WS-3 were 1.15 percent low.","keyword":["biota","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","geoscientificInformation","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Animal ecology","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","Plant ecology","Forest & Plant Health","Climate effects","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","streamflow","stream discharge","hydrology","mixed hardwoods","Fernow Experimental Forest","Monongahela National Forest","West Virginia","central Appalachian Mountains"],"spatial":"-79.71409,39.02686,-79.64276,39.07841","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0015","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0015","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-08-27"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Fernow Experimental Forest precipitation chemistry","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0016","description":"This data publication contains weekly precipitation chemistry from two weather stations on the Fernow Experimental Forest from 1983 to 2019. The Fernow Experimental Forest is located on the Monongahela National Forest in Tucker County, West Virginia. Data include conductivity, acidity, acid neutralizing capacity, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, ammonium, chloride, nitrate, and sulfate.This data publication is used by USDA Forest Service scientists, staff and cooperators in support of research in hydrology, watershed management, silviculture, forest ecology, and wildlife ecology in the central Appalachian region and inter-regional comparisons.* This metadata applies to the raw data available through the full data publication download. Summary data available through the online query are calculated based on user selections and should be carefully interpreted.\n\nFor more details on the Fernow Experimental Forest see the vast list of publications available: https:\/\/www.nrs.fs.fed.us\/ef\/locations\/wv\/fernow\/.\n\nOriginal metadata created on 10\/24\/2011. Minor metadata updates on 11\/26\/2014. On 11\/23\/2015 five additional years of data were added (2009-2013), the watershed map was updated, and minor updates were made to the metadata. Minor metadata updates on 12\/06\/2016. On 8\/17\/2017 two additional years of data were added (2014-2015), and minor updates were made to the metadata. On 01\/09\/2020 two additional years of data were added (2016-2017), and minor updates were made to the metadata. On 08\/27\/2021 two additional years of data were added (2018-2019), and minor updates were made to the metadata.","keyword":["biota","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","geoscientificInformation","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Animal ecology","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","Plant ecology","Forest & Plant Health","Climate effects","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","precipitation chemistry","atmospheric chemistry","bulk deposition","mixed hardwoods","Fernow Experimental Forest","Monongahela National Forest","West Virginia","central Appalachian Mountains"],"spatial":"-79.71409,39.02686,-79.64276,39.07841","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0016","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0016","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-08-27"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Fernow Experimental Forest stream chemistry","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0017","description":"This data publication contains weekly or biweekly stream water chemistry from nine gauged watersheds on the Fernow Experimental Forest from 1983 to 2019. The Fernow Experimental Forest is located on the Monongahela National Forest in Tucker County, West Virginia. Data include conductivity, alkalinity, acid neutralizing capacity, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chloride, nitrate, and sulfate.This data publication is used by USDA Forest Service scientists, staff and cooperators in support of research in hydrology, watershed management, silviculture, forest ecology, and wildlife ecology in the central Appalachian region and inter-regional comparisons.* This metadata applies to the raw data available through the full data publication download. Summary data available through the online query are calculated based on user selections and should be carefully interpreted. \n\nFor more details on the Fernow Experimental Forest see the vast list of publications available: https:\/\/www.nrs.fs.fed.us\/ef\/locations\/wv\/fernow\/.\n\nOriginal metadata created on 10\/24\/2011. Minor metadata updates on 11\/26\/2014. On 11\/23\/2015 four additional years of data were added (2010-2013), data for two additional watersheds were added (1987-2013), the watershed map was updated, and minor updates were made to the metadata. Minor metadata updates on 12\/07\/2016. On 8\/17\/2017 two additional years of data were added (2014-2015), and minor updates were made to the metadata. On 01\/09\/2020 two additional years of data were added (2016-2017), and minor updates were made to the metadata. On 08\/27\/2021 two additional years of data were added (2018-2019), and minor updates were made to the metadata.","keyword":["biota","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","geoscientificInformation","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Animal ecology","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","Plant ecology","Forest & Plant Health","Climate effects","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","stream chemistry","water chemistry","hydrology","mixed hardwoods","Fernow Experimental Forest","Monongahela National Forest","West Virginia","central Appalachian Mountains"],"spatial":"-79.71409,39.02686,-79.64276,39.07841","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0017","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0017","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-08-27"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Tenderfoot Creek Experimental Forest annual precipitation data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0018.2","description":"This data publication contains annual precipitation data from 1993-2018 at ten locations on the Tenderfoot Creek Experimental Forest (Bubbling Creek, County Line, Dry Park, Farnes Meadow, Lonesome Creek, Lower Sun Creek, Upper Stringer Creek, Passionate Creek, Lower Stringer Creek and Onion Park). Annual precipitation is collected in storage gauges kept on site year long. Storage gauges are checked on or near September 30 coinciding with the end of the water year (historic period of low flow in the Tenderfoot Creek watershed).The Tenderfoot Creek Experimental Forest was established in 1961 as an experimental watershed in representative lodgepole pine forest common east of the Continental Divide. Hydrologic and climatologic monitoring sites were established in the early 1990's to monitor environmental effects of various silvicultural methods used to restore and regenerate healthy lodgepole pine forests. Tenderfoot Creek is a major tributary of the Smith and Missouri rivers, thus providing an important hydrologic resource for much of central Montana (McCaughey et al. 2006).This data publication is a second edition and includes all of the data in the first edition, with some data edits, and additional years of data. Data edits include the addition of data originally thought to be missing, along with more accurate measurements dates for a couple of years. Minor metadata updates were made on 12\/07\/2016. On 12\/12\/2016 we added 2013-2016 data, and on 12\/20\/2018 we added 2017-2018 data. On 09\/08\/20 some additional minor metadata updates were made.","keyword":["climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","annual precipitation","storage gauge","Tenderfoot Creek Experimental Forest","Little Belt Mountains","central Montana","Northern Rocky Mountains"],"spatial":"-110.95,46.88,-110.83,46.97","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0018.2","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0018.2","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2020-09-08"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Tenderfoot Creek Experimental Forest annual precipitation data: 1993-2010","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0018","description":"This data publication contains annual precipitation at ten locations on the Tenderfoot Experimental Forest.  The ten locations are Bubbling Creek, County line, Dry Park, Farnes Meadow, Lonesome Creek, Lower Sun Creek, Upper Stringer Creek, Passionate Creek, Lower Stringer Creek and Onion Park.  Precipitation values were collected in storage gauges kept on site year long. Storage gauges were checked on or near September 30 coinciding with the end of the water year (historic period of low flow in the Tenderfoot Creek watershed).  The Tenderfoot Creek Experimental Forest was established in 1961 as a hydrological experimental forest in a representative lodgepole pine forest common east of the Continental Divide.  Hydrologic and climatologic monitoring sites were established in the early 1990's to monitor environmental effects of various silviculture methods used to restore and regenerate healthy lodgepole pine forests (see McCaughey et. al. in cross-reference section).DOI added on 9\/29\/2011. Minor updates to metadata on 02\/27\/2013 and 9\/26\/2013. In September 2013 an updated version of this data publication became available (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0018.2), see the Cross-Reference section. Minor metadata updates on 12\/07\/2016.","keyword":["climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","Climate change","Climatology","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","annual precipitation","storage gauge","EFR","experimental forest","Tenderfoot Creek Experimental Forest","Little Belt Mountains","Central Montana","Northern Rocky Mountains"],"spatial":"-110.95,46.88,-110.83,46.97","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0018","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0018","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-07"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Coram Experimental Forest 15 minute streamflow data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0019-2","description":"This data publication contains average streamflow data reported every 15 minutes for two flumes, Abbot Creek and Lunch Fork, in the Coram Experimental Forest from October 2004 to present. The Abbot Creek flume is located approximately 200 meters downstream from the spring-fed source of Abbot Creek. The Lunch Fork flume is located on the Lunch Fork of Abbot Creek just above the confluence of Abbot Creek and the Lunch Fork. A sediment dam was constructed in 1974 immediately above the Abbot Creek flume to prevent sediment build-up in the flume.The Coram Experimental Forest (CEF) was established in 1933 to provide information on how to manage western larch forests. Various silviculture experiments have been conducted at CEF over the years (Shearer and Kempf, 1999) and the associated effects on the watershed monitored.This data publication is a second edition and includes all of the data in the first edition, with some data edits, additional years of data, an improved map, and minor updates to the metadata. Data edits include estimates for missing data, the addition of data in 2010 that was originally thought to be missing, as well as the addition of data flags added to indicate unreliable data.\n\t  \nOriginal metadata date was 09\/29\/2015. Minor updates to the metadata on 10\/09\/2015 along with the addition of more data. Minor metadata updates on 12\/07\/2016. On 01\/20\/2017 data were updated to include streamflow data for 2016, and metadata updated accordingly.","keyword":["inlandWaters","biota","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","streamflow","watershed","western larch","Coram Experimental Forest","northern Montana","Montana","Rocky Mountains"],"spatial":"-113.98,48.38,-113.95,48.43","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0019-2","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0019-2","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2017-01-20"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Coram Experimental Forest 15 minute streamflow data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0019","description":"This data publication contains 15 minute streamflow for two flumes in the Coram Experimental Forest from 2004-2010. The two flumes are located on the Lunch Fork of Abbot Creek and Abbot Creek above Lunch Fork.The Coram Experimental Forest (CEF) was established in 1933 to provide information on how to manage western larch forests. Various silviculture experiments have been conducted at CEF over the years (see RMRS-GTR-37 in the cross-reference section) and the associated effects on the watershed monitored.This metadata document was updated on 09\/29\/2011, when a digital object identifier (DOI) was assigned to these data. The metadata were updated on 09\/29\/2015 to include reference to a second edition of this data publication and other minor edits. Minor metadata updates on 12\/07\/2016.\t  \n\t  \n**NOTE: We recommend using the second edition of these data (Wright et al. 2015) which includes all of the data in the first edition, with some data edits, two additional years of data, an improved map, and other minor metadata updates. Data edits include estimates for missing data, the addition of data in 2010 that was originally thought to be missing, as well as the addition of data flags added to indicate unreliable data.","keyword":["streamflow","watershed","western larch","Coram Experimental Forest","northern Montana","Montana","Rocky Mountains"],"spatial":"-113.98,48.38,-113.95,48.43","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0019","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0019","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-07"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"High resolution interpolation of climate scenario change factors for Alaska derived from AR4 General Circulation Model simulations ","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0022","description":"Projections of future global climate have been developed by numerous climate modeling groups around the world; however, this data is often at spatial scales much larger than the spatial scale of resource management. This study develops a set of change factors that can be used with a user-selected historical climate data set to create climate change projections at the spatial scale of approximately 9.25 kilometer grid. Climate projection output was obtained from four well-established general circulation models (GCM) forced by each of three greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions scenarios namely A2, A1B, and B1, from the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios, and used in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report. Monthly data for the period 1961-2100 were downloaded mainly from Third Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3) through the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) web portal. Climate variables included monthly mean daily maximum and minimum temperatures, precipitation, solar radiation, wind speed, and vapor pressure (used to calculate specific humidity). All variables are expressed as changes relative to the simulated monthly means for 1961-1990, which corrected for GCM bias in reproducing past climate and allowed future projected trends to be compared directly. Each month value at each GCM grid node was normalized either by subtracting (for temperature variables) or dividing by (for other climate variables) the mean of that month's value for the 30-year baseline period 1961-1990.  The normalized data (or \"deltas\") we then formatted for input to ANUSPLIN thin-plate software. The downscaling procedure used ANUSPLIN software package to fit a two-dimensional spline function to each month's change data for each of the six normalized climate variables at a spatial resolution of 5 arcminutes (0.0833 degrees) longitude and latitude. \n\nThis research was a collaborative effort between scientists at the Canadian Forest Service and scientists at the USDA Forest Service. Data for the United States and Canada were extracted. Data for Alaska are contained in this dataset.The USDA Forest Service (USFS) produces a periodic assessment of the condition and trends of the Nation's renewable resources as required by the Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act (RPA) of 1974. This RPA Assessment provides a snapshot of current US forest and rangeland conditions and trends on all ownerships, identifies drivers of change, and projects 50 years into the future (https:\/\/www.fs.usda.gov\/research\/inventory\/rpaa). For 2010 RPA Assessment, an integrated modeling framework will be used in which the potential implications of climate change can be analyzed across some resource areas (Langner et al. 2012).Original metadata date is December 2011. Minor metadata updates on 03\/08\/2013. Metadata modified on 07\/22\/2015 to update cross-reference citations and other minor updates. Additional minor metadata updates on 11\/30\/2016 and 10\/27\/2022.","keyword":["climate scenario","GCM","downscaling","interpolation","ANUSPLIN","National Center for Atmospheric Research","NCAR","Community Climate System Model","CCSM","Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis","CCCma","Coupled Global Climate Model","CGCM","Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation","CSIRO","Climate System Model","Centre for Climate System Research","CCSR","National Institute for Environmental Studies","NIES","Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate","MIROC","grid level","5 arcminute","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","Climate change","Climate change effects","Climatology","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Alaska"],"spatial":"-168.000,52.5,-129.417,72.08333","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0022","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0022","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-10-27"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"High resolution interpolation of climate scenario change factors for the conterminous USA derived from AR4 General Circulation Model simulations","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0023","description":"Projections of future global climate have been developed by numerous climate modeling groups around the world; however, this data is often at spatial scales much larger than the spatial scale of resource management. This study develops a set of change factors that can be used with a user-selected historical climate data set to create climate change projections at the spatial scale of approximately 9.25 kilometer grid. Climate projection output was obtained from four well-established general circulation models (GCM) forced by each of three greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions scenarios namely A2, A1B, and B1, from the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios, and used in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report. Monthly data for the period 1961-2100 were downloaded mainly from Third Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3) through the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) web portal. Climate variables included monthly mean daily maximum and minimum temperatures, precipitation, solar radiation, wind speed, and vapor pressure (used to calculate specific humidity). All variables are expressed as changes relative to the simulated monthly means for 1961-1990, which corrected for GCM bias in reproducing past climate and allowed future projected trends to be compared directly. Each month value at each GCM grid node was normalized either by subtracting (for temperature variables) or dividing by (for other climate variables) the mean of that month's value for the 30-year baseline period 1961-1990.  The normalized data (or \"deltas\") we then formatted for input to ANUSPLIN thin-plate software. The downscaling procedure used ANUSPLIN software package to fit a two-dimensional spline function to each month's change data for each of the six normalized climate variables at a spatial resolution of 5 arcminutes (0.0833 degrees) longitude and latitude. Data for the United States and Canada were extracted. Alaska data are available through the R&D Data Archive (Price et al. 2011: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0022). Data for the conterminous United States are contained in this data publication.   \n\nThis research was a collaborative effort between scientists at the Canadian Forest Service and scientists at the USDA Forest Service.The USDA Forest Service (USFS) produces a periodic assessment of the condition and trends of the Nation's renewable resources as required by the Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act (RPA) of 1974. This RPA Assessment provides a snapshot of current US forest and rangeland conditions and trends on all ownerships, identifies drivers of change, and projects 50 years into the future (https:\/\/www.fs.usda.gov\/research\/inventory\/rpaa). For 2010 RPA Assessment, an integrated modeling framework will be used in which the potential implications of climate change can be analyzed across some resource areas (Langner et al. 2012).Original metadata date is December 2011. Minor metadata updates on 03\/08\/2013. Metadata modified on 07\/22\/2015 to update cross-reference citations and other minor updates. Additional minor metadata updates on 11\/30\/2016, 10\/27\/2022, and 06\/11\/2024.","keyword":["climate scenario","GCM","downscaling","interpolation","ANUSPLIN","National Center for Atmospheric Research","NCAR","Community Climate System Model","CCSM","Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis","CCCma","Coupled Global Climate Model","CGCM","Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation","CSIRO","Climate System Model","Centre for Climate System Research","CCSR","National Institute for Environmental Studies","NIES","Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate","MIROC","grid level","5 arcminute","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","Climate change","Climate change effects","Climatology","conterminous United States"],"spatial":"-125,25,-66.583333,49.41667","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0023","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0023","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-06-11"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Campsite assessment data for backcountry campsites in Grand Canyon National Park","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2012-0001","description":"This data publication contains conditions of a sample of backcountry campsites in Grand Canyon National Park, which have been assessed three times so far, in 1984, 1989\/1990 and 2005. The sample consists of 24 campsites that vary in how frequently they are used and in the vegetation type in which they are located. Measured data include plant species found as well as percent cover of vegetation, litter, bare soil, rock, and cryptogams. Physical soil properties such as bulk density, infiltration rate and soil moisture were also measured in 1984.The purpose of that study was to provide information on conditions, trends, use, and environmental factors that influence the amount of impact on backcountry campsites in the Grand Canyon National Park.These data were originally made available on the Aldo Leopold Wilderness Research Institute site: http:\/\/leopold.wilderness.net. The data were converted from XLS to XLSX files in February 2012, metadata created, data packaged into 1 zip file, and made available via the Forest Service Research Data Archive. Minor metadata updates (additional keywords added) on 04\/16\/2014. Additional minor metadata updates on 12\/9\/2016.","keyword":["campsite impact","designated campsites","recreation management","biota","environment","Environment and People","Impact of people on environment","Recreation","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Grand Canyon National Park","Arizona"],"spatial":"-112.10,35.9,-112,36.2","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2012-0001","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2012-0001","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-09"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Baseline campsite data for sites near lakes in the Spanish Peaks portion of the Lee Metcalf Wilderness","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2012-0002","description":"This data publication contains the numbers and condition of campsites around lakes in the Spanish Peaks portion of the Lee Metcalf Wilderness in Montana. Measurements were taken in 1972, 1988, and again in 2004. Measurements include data such as campsite condition, vegetation type, distance to water, distance to trails, distance to nearest campsite, facility information, vegetation, soils, tree damage rating, max party size, type of use, etc. These data were collected to monitor campsite condiitions. These data were originally made available on the Aldo Leopold Wilderness Research Institute site: http:\/\/leopold.wilderness.net. The data were converted from XLS to XLSX files in February 2012, metadata created, data packaged into 1 zip file, and made available via the Forest Service Research Data Archive. \n\nMinor metadata updates on 03\/08\/2013, 04\/16\/2014, and 10\/13\/2015. Minor metadata updates on 12\/07\/2016.","keyword":["campsite","condition","biota","environment","Environment and People","Impact of people on environment","Recreation","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Spanish Peaks","Lee Metcalf Wilderness","Montana"],"spatial":"-111.47110445,45.393173378,-111.23831843,45.358096713","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2012-0002","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2012-0002","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-07"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Campsite condition data for the Bob Marshall Wilderness","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2012-0003","description":"This data publication contains conditions of 36 campsites in low- to mid- elevation forests and grasslands in the Bob Marshall Wilderness, Montana.  Campsites used in this study were used primarily by backpackers, private individuals with packstock, and commercial outfitters and their clients. Campsites were assessed in 1981 and 1990. Camp area, bare area, and extent of tree damage were measured.  Tree seedlings, ground vegetation, duff, mineral soil exposure and compaction, species composition, and infiltration rates were also measured on campsites and comparable control sites.The purposes of this study were: (1) to document campsite condition for future monitoring, (2) to compare the condition of sites subjected to the three major categories of user (backpackers, private individuals with packstock, and commercial outfitters and their clients), and (3) to test the hypothesis that low-elevation campsites are less fragile than high-elevation campsites.These data were originally made available on the Aldo Leopold Wilderness Research Institute site: http:\/\/leopold.wilderness.net. The data were converted from XLS to XLSX files in April 2012, metadata created, data packaged into 1 zip file, and made available via the Forest Service Research Data Archive. Minor metadata updates on 12\/07\/2016.","keyword":["campsite impact","recreation management","campsite","condition","Bob Marshall Wilderness","Montana"],"spatial":"-113.5,47.3,-112.9,47.8","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2012-0003","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2012-0003","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-07"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Campsite condition data for the Eagle Cap Wilderness","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2012-0004","description":"This data publication contains conditions of 26 campsites in forested sites in subalpine lake basins in the Eagle Cap Wilderness, Oregon. Campsites in this study were used primarily by backpackers and varied in usage level. Campsites were assessed in 1979, 1984, 1990, and 2005\/2006 (campsites 1 and 2 were remeasured in 2011 and 2009, respectively). Basic campsite information, tree and seedling counts, tree damage, ground vegetation, duff, and species composition were measured on campsites and comparable control sites.The purpose of the study was to provide information on conditions, trends, use, and environmental factors that influence the amount of impact associated with camping in the Eagle Cap Wilderness, Oregon.These data were originally made available on the Aldo Leopold Wilderness Research Institute site: http:\/\/leopold.wilderness.net. The data were converted from XLS to XLSX files in April 2012, metadata created, data packaged into 1 zip file, and made available via the Forest Service Research Data Archive. Minor metadata updates on 12\/08\/2016.","keyword":["campsite impact","recreation management","campsite","condition","Eagle Cap Wilderness","Oregon"],"spatial":"-117.5,45.1,-117.2,45.3","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2012-0004","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2012-0004","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-08"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Campsite condition data for the Miller Peak Wilderness","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2012-0005","description":"This data publication contains baseline (2008) campsite conditions for all 44 campsites found along all trails other than the Sunnyside Canyon Trail in the Miller Peak Wilderness in Arizona. Measurements include basic campsite information such as groundcover disturbance, impact to standing trees and roots, and size of disturbed area. If campsites had more than minimal disturbance, other measurements were taken such as vegetation type, soils, dominant species, landform, distance to trail, distance to water, number of fire rings, tree damage, and other standard campsite data.The purpose of the study is to provide information on baseline campsite conditions for campsites in the Miller Peak Wilderness, Arizona.  As more data are collected over the years, it will be possible to quantify change in the number, distribution and condition of campsites. These data were originally made available on the Aldo Leopold Wilderness Research Institute site: http:\/\/leopold.wilderness.net. The data were converted from XLS to XLSX files in May 2012, metadata created, data packaged into 1 zip file, and made available via the Forest Service Research Data Archive.\n\nOriginal metadata date was 06\/29\/2012. Minor metadata updates on 12\/23\/2014. Minor metadata updates on 12\/08\/2016.","keyword":["campsite impact","recreation management","campsite","condition","environment","biota","society","Environment and People","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Natural Resource Management & Use","Miller Peak Wilderness","Arizona"],"spatial":"-110.35,31.43,-110.29,31.39","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2012-0005","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2012-0005","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-08"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Campsite condition data for three drainages in the Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2012-0006","description":"This data publication contains baseline campsite condition data and trend for campsites in the Bear Creek, Big Creek, and Sweeney Creek drainages in the Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness, Montana. These drainages represent varied use intensity. Big Creek was selected as a high-use drainage. Bear Creek was considered to be moderate-use drainage and Sweeney Creek was considered a low-use drainage. In each drainage, the most likely places for camping were searched and all campsites in these areas were located. Measurements include basic campsite information such as groundcover disturbance, impact to standing trees and roots, and size of disturbed area. If campsites had more than minimal disturbance, other measurements were taken such as vegetation type, vegetation coverage, soils, dominant species, landform, distance to trail, distance to water, number of fire rings, tree damage, campsite disturbance, and other standard campsite data.The purpose of the study was to examine change in the number and condition of campsites in the Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness, Montana since the 1970s. These data were originally made available on the Aldo Leopold Wilderness Research Institute site: http:\/\/leopold.wilderness.net. The data were converted from XLS to XLSX files in May 2012, metadata created, data packaged into 1 zip file, and made available via the Forest Service Research Data Archive. Minor metadata updates on 12\/08\/2016.","keyword":["campsite impact","recreation management","campsite","condition","Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness","Montana"],"spatial":"-114.4,46.6,-114.2,46.4","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2012-0006","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2012-0006","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-08"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Greater Border Lakes Region land cover classification and change detection","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2012-0007","description":"This data publication contains classified land cover and change detection images which cover an area of approximately 34 million acres (13.8 million hectares) of landscape straddling the border between Minnesota, U.S.A., and Ontario, Canada (Greater Border Lakes Region). The classifications focus on discerning Anderson Level II (Anderson et al. 1976) forest and non-forest cover to track changes in forest cover with time. Multi-temporal Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) and Multi-Spectral Scanner (MSS) data from 1972 to 2000 were used to classify forest cover types and disturbances at 5-year intervals. A final composite map (Wolter et al. 2012) depicting the year of forest disturbance can be produced using the 1975-2000 sequence of land cover data.These change data were produced to facilitate analysis of forest disturbance patterns and to support landscape simulation modeling in the Greater Border Lakes Region.Original metadata date was 09\/07\/2012. Metadata updated on 12\/04\/2012 to include the publication date and online linkage for the publication associated with these data. Minor metadata updates on 12\/08\/2016 and 07\/10\/2019.","keyword":["land-use","forest transition","remote sensing","imageryBaseMapsEarthCover","Natural Resource Management & Use","Landscape management","northern Minnesota","southern Ontario","Canada"],"spatial":"-95.690133,46.447373,-88.795888,49.854039","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2012-0007","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2012-0007","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2019-07-10"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Overstory tree and regeneration data from the \"Silvicultural Effects on Composition, Structure, and Growth\" study at Penobscot Experimental Forest","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2012-0008-2","description":"This data publication contains overstory tree measurements, regeneration data, and permanent sample plot location information collected between 1952 and 2014 under the study plan: FS-NRS-07-08-01 \"Study Plan: Silvicultural effects on composition, structure and growth of northern conifers in the Acadian Forest Region: Revision of the Compartment Management Study on the Penobscot Experimental Forest\" (see Methodology citation section). Data are available in six data sets. 1) Overstory tree measurement data include tree species, condition code (e.g., merchantability status and cause of mortality, if applicable), and diameter at breast height (dbh), 1952 to 2014. 2) Regeneration data include tree seedling species, presence, and count by height class, 1964 to 2014. 3) Spatial location data include location of a subsample of trees, 2000 to 2014. 4) Height and crown measurement data include tree height, height to crown base, and crown radii for a subsample of trees, 2000 to 2014. 5) Understory vegetation data include percent cover by substrate and non-tree vegetation categories, 2000 to 2014. 6) Permanent plot location data include the geospatial coordinates for permanent sample plots.The primary objective of the long-term silvicultural study, called the Compartment Management Study, conducted by the USDA Forest Service at the Penobscot Experimental Forest (PEF) is to quantify tree and stand response to silvicultural treatment. Response variables include regeneration, species composition, and tree and stand growth, productivity, and quality. Data provide information about the interaction of natural and human disturbances and their effects on forest stand dynamics. A secondary objective of the study is to provide a variety of forest structures at one location to be used as the framework for short-term experiments in ecology and silviculture.A number of revisions have been made to this long-term study over time, including but not limited to changes in silvicultural prescriptions (e.g., target residual basal areas, tree size thresholds for removals, and species composition goals), sampling protocols (e.g., numbers and sizes of sample plots, tree species and condition codes, and frequency of inventory), and response variables (e.g., overstory tree attributes, regeneration, and deadwood). \n\nThe first edition of this data publication was published in 2012 (see Cross-Reference section). The second edition (published on 08\/27\/215) includes three years of additional data and corrections to data errors. The metadata have been revised to reflect these changes and a complete list of differences between the first and the second edition is located in the supplemental files (available with the full data publication download). On 12\/12\/2016 the metadata were updated to include more details to the methods section and other minor metadata updates. Additional minor metadata updates were made on 03\/17\/2025.\n\nWe strongly recommend that users read the study plans and accompanying documentation provided with the full data publication download before proceeding with data summary or analysis.\n\nNote there is a newer edition of these data available: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2012-0008-3.","keyword":["biota","Forest & Plant Health","Botany","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","silviculture","species composition","timber supply","forest management","forest stand dynamics","tree regeneration","tree and stand growth","tree height","tree crown","canopy","crown width","balsam fir","red spruce","woody plants","Penobscot Experimental Forest","Maine"],"spatial":"-68.6443,44.8269,-68.5862,44.8726","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2012-0008-2","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2012-0008-2","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-03-17"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Overstory tree and regeneration data from the \"Silvicultural Effects on Composition, Structure, and Growth\" study at Penobscot Experimental Forest","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2012-0008","description":"This data publication contains the baseline overstory tree measurements, regeneration data, and permanent sample plot location information collected, from 1952 to present, under the study plan: FS-NRS-07-08-01  \"Study Plan: Silvicultural effects on composition and structure of northern conifers in the Acadian Forest Region: Revision of the Compartment Management Study on the Penobscot Experimental Forest\" (available via the data download).\n\nData are available in five data sets:\n1. Overstory tree measurement data include permanent sample plot locations and tree measurement data such as: species, status code (e.g. dead or alive), and diameter at breast height. \n2. Spatial location data provide location of a subsample of individual trees in the study.  \n3. Height and crown measurement data include tree height, height to crown base, along with crown radius in 4 cardinal directions for a subsample of trees. \n4. Regeneration data include tree species, seedling presence, and count of trees by height class.  \n5. Permanent plot location data include the geospatial coordinates for permanent sample plots.The primary objective of the long-term silvicultural study being conducted by the U.S. Forest Service at the Penobscot Experimental Forest is to quantify tree and stand response to silvicultural treatment. Response variables include regeneration, species composition, and tree and stand growth, productivity, and quality. Gathered data provide information about the interaction of natural and human disturbances and their effect on forest stand dynamics. A secondary objective is to provide a variety of forest structures at one location to be used as the framework for short-term experiments in ecology and silviculture.* This metadata document applies to the raw data available through the full data publication download. Data downloaded in response to online database queries may not be the complete set of data available. Summary data available through online queries are calculated based on user selections and should be carefully interpreted. \n\nA number of revisions have been made to this long-term study over time, including but not limited to changes in silvicultural prescriptions (e.g., target residual basal areas, tree size thresholds for removals, and species composition goals), sampling protocols (e.g., numbers and sizes of plots, tree species and condition codes, and frequency of inventory), and response variables (e.g., overstory tree attributes, regeneration, and recruited deadwood).  We strongly recommend that users read the study plans and accompanying documentation provided with the full data publication download before proceeding with data summary or analysis.\n\nOriginal metadata created on 09\/27\/2012. Minor metadata updates on 11\/07\/2014. Minor metadata updates on 12\/08\/2016 and 03\/17\/2025.\n\nNote there is a newer edition of these data available: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2012-0008-3.","keyword":["biota","Forest & Plant Health","Botany","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","silviculture","species composition","timber supply","forest management","forest stand dynamics","tree regeneration","tree and stand growth","tree height","tree crown","canopy","crown width","balsam fir","red spruce","woody plants","EFR","Experimental Forest","Penobscot Experimental Forest","Maine"],"spatial":"-68.6443,44.8269,-68.5862,44.8726","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2012-0008","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2012-0008","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-03-17"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Precommercial thinning x fertilization study data from the Penobscot Experimental Forest","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2012-0009","description":"This data publication contains the data from the precommercial thinning by fertilization study initiated in 1976 and collected under the study plan: 4100-FS-NE-1101-58 \"Study Plan: Cultural treatments designed to reduce spruce sawlog rotation age - an early release and fertilization study\" (see Methodology citation section). Fertilizer treatments were non- fertilized and fertilized with granulated lime stone. Precommercial thinning treatments were no-release, spaced, row thinning with crop tree release, and row thinning with no crop tree release. Data include treatment information as well as tree species, diameter at breast height, height, height to crown base, and crown width measured periodically since 1976. Data are currently available through 2008.The primary objective of this study was to quantify crop tree response to treatment.* This metadata applies to the raw data available through the full data publication download. Summary data available through the online query are calculated based on user selections and should be carefully interpreted.\n\nOriginal metadata was created on 09\/27\/2012. Minor metadata updates made on 11\/18\/2014. Minor metadata updates on 12\/09\/2016.","keyword":["farming","biota","Forest & Plant Health","Botany","Forest Products","Wood properties","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","Timber","silviculture","species composition","timber supply","forest management","forest stand dynamics","tree regeneration","tree and stand growth","precommercial thinning","fertilization","balsam fir","red spruce","woody plants","EFR","Experimental Forest","Penobscot Experimental Forest","Maine"],"spatial":"-68.6443,44.8269,-68.5862,44.8726","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2012-0009","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2012-0009","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-09"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"The Fire Management Deep Smarts Project: interviews with key people involved with the Yellowstone fires of 1988 and with experts in returning natural fire to wilderness and National Park Service lands","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2012-0010","description":"This data publication contains transcripts from 74 videotaped or audiotaped interviews of highly experienced wildland fire managers that were conducted between 2006 and 2009. These experts have extensive expertise in prescribed fire, fire behavior prediction and wildland fire use. They represented mainly USDA Forest Service and National Park Service fire agencies, and most positional levels within these fire organizations and most geographical sections of the United States. Included is an one interview with an international fire behavior prediction expert from Canada. After providing brief biographical information, interviewees were asked to describe a challenge they had worked through in their fire management careers. Follow-up questions attempted to solicit the particular skill sets, cognitive and managerial, the subjects used to solve or to work-through the challenge they chose to talk about. This set of skills was considered to be part of their \"deep smarts\".The purpose of this Fire Management Deep Smarts Project was to capture the experience of seasoned employees who are acknowledged by their peers to have high expertise in planning and implementing fire programs. There are many possible uses for these interview transcripts. For example, in one instance, we tried to determine if these wildland fire managers naturally possessed one or more of the five properties of high reliability organizing mindfulness (HRO-mindfulness) as defined by Weick and Sutcliffe (2001; 2007; 2008). This analysis of the interviews showed that these wildland fire managers did operate very effectively sometimes utilizing an HRO-mindfulness framework. As a result this study constructed a preliminary outline of what a widely accepted model of HRO-mindfulness looks like for wildland fire managers as it moves more completely from \"theory to action\". The results from this project can be used to coach and train wildland fire managers and other individuals working in high risk occupations in HRO-mindfulness, helping them to operate more safely and effectively.\n\nThese interviews were also used to develop \"deep smarts\" video podcasts hosted at the Wildland Fire Lessons Learned Center website, Tucson, Arizona (http:\/\/www.wildfirelessons.net\/). The deep smarts effort was promulgated using Dr. Dorothy Leonard's (Harvard Business School) model of deep smarts (2005), a method of identifying tacit knowledge in highly experienced fire manager's heads. \n\nThere are also other ways to make use of this interview material, such a writing histories of the wildland fire use program in both the Forest Service and National Park Service, and in developing training programs to coach and mentor apprentice fire managers.\n\nLeonard, D. & Swap, W. 2005.  Deep smarts: How to cultivate and transfer enduring business wisdom.  Harvard Business School Press, Boston, MA.\n\nWeick, Karl E. & Sutcliffe, Kathleen M. 2001. Managing the unexpected: Assuring high performance in an age of complexity. Jossey-Bass, John Wiley & Sons.\n\nWeick, K. E. & Sutcliffe,  K. 2007. Managing the unexpected: Resilient performance in an age of uncertainty. San Francisco, CA: Jossey Bass.\n\nWeick, K.E. & Sutcliffe, K.M. 2008. Organizing for higher reliability: Lessons learned from wildland firefighters. Fire Management Today, Vol. 68, No. 2, Spring 2008.Original metadata date was 10\/23\/2012. Minor metadata updates on 03\/26\/2014. Minor metadata updates on 12\/09\/2016.","keyword":["wildland fire","deep smarts","public and firefighter safety","learning organization","natural resource management","wilderness fire management","national park fire management","decision making","knowledge management","society","Environment and People","Decision making, public involvement","Fire","Fire suppression, pre-suppression","Prescribed fire","United States","Canada"],"spatial":"-124,25,-53,49.00","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2012-0010","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2012-0010","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-09"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Digital surface, terrain, and canopy height models for Priest River Experimental Forest in 2002","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0001","description":"The data publication contains 1 meter raster data sets for three different digital elevation models (DEM) for the Priest River Experimental Forest in north Idaho in 2002. The first is a digital terrain model (DTM), which is the ground surface with all vegetation and human-made structures removed. The second is a digital surface model (DSM), which includes all vegetation and human-made structures. The last is a canopy height model (CHM), which is the difference between the DSM and the DTM surfaces.Provide high resolution terrain elevation and land cover elevation data for the Priest River Experimental Forest.Each of the three data sets in this data publication has a metadata document with more detailed information. Original metadata date was 04\/15\/2013. Minor metadata updates on 12\/14\/2016. \n\t  \n**NOTE: Height discrepancies between 2002 and 2011 lidar data were found. On 06\/24\/2020, a second edition of these data was published (Hudak et al. 2020, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0001-2) that contains the corrected files. We recommend use of this newer edition containing the 2002 lidar data which was corrected by adding 16.5 meters to the height value of each lidar return, and DTM and DSM surfaces. A newer algorithm was also used to classify returns as ground and nonground, and create the CHM surface.","keyword":["LiDAR","digital elevation model","digital terrain model","digital surface model","canopy height model","elevation data","topography","land cover","high-resolution","vegetation","elevation","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Landscape ecology","Natural Resource Management & Use","Landscape management","Priest River Experimental Forest","Idaho","UTM 11N"],"spatial":"-116.85563,48.32867,-116.72697,48.37540","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0001","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0001","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2020-06-24"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Digital surface, terrain, and canopy height models for a portion of the Black Hills Experimental Forest in 2002","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0002","description":"The data publication contains 1 meter raster data sets for three different digital elevation models (DEM) for a portion of the Black Hills Experimental Forest in South Dakota in 2002. The first is a digital terrain model (DTM), which is the ground surface with all vegetation and human-made structures removed. The second is a digital surface model (DSM), which includes all vegetation and human-made structures. The last is a canopy height model (CHM), which is the difference between the DSM and the DTM surfaces.Provide high resolution terrain elevation and land cover elevation data for a portion of the Black Hills Experimental Forest.Each of the three data sets in this data publication has a metadata document with more detailed information. Original metadata date was 04\/15\/2013. Minor metadata updates on 12\/14\/2016.","keyword":["LiDAR","digital elevation model","digital terrain model","digital surface model","canopy height model","elevation data","topography","land cover","high-resolution","vegetation","elevation","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Landscape ecology","Natural Resource Management & Use","Landscape management","South Dakota","Black Hills Experimental Forest","Black Hills National Forest"],"spatial":"-103.678299,44.138517,-103.598727,44.183530","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0002","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0002","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-14"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Digital surface, terrain, and canopy height models for the Bannock Creek unit of Boise Basin Experimental Forest in 2007","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0003","description":"The data publication contains 1 meter raster data sets for three different digital elevation models (DEM) for the Bannock Creek unit of the Boise Basin Experimental Forest in south central Idaho in November 2007. The first is a digital terrain model (DTM), which is the ground surface with all vegetation and human-made structures removed. The second is a digital surface model (DSM), which includes all vegetation and human-made structures. The last is a canopy height model (CHM), which is the difference between the DSM and the DTM surfaces.Provide high resolution terrain elevation and land cover elevation data for the Bannock Creek unit of the Boise Basin Experimental Forest.Each of the three data sets in this data publication has a metadata document with more detailed information. Original metadata date was 04\/15\/2013. Minor metadata updates on 12\/14\/2016. On 07\/10\/2020 the metadata were updated to include a cross-reference for a newly published Boise Basin Experimental Forest data publication that contains similar data for 2007, along with other minor updates.","keyword":["LiDAR","digital elevation model","digital terrain model","digital surface model","canopy height model","elevation data","topography","land cover","high-resolution","vegetation","elevation","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Landscape ecology","Natural Resource Management & Use","Landscape management","Idaho","Boise Basin Experimental Forest","Bannock Creek"],"spatial":"-115.799383,43.757866,-115.727582,43.809123","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0003","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0003","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2020-07-10"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Forest carbon stocks of the contiguous United States (2000-2009)","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0004","description":"Through application of a nearest-neighbor imputation approach, mapped estimates of forest carbon density were developed for the contiguous United States using the annual forest inventory conducted by the USDA Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program, MODIS satellite imagery, and ancillary geospatial datasets. This data publication contains the following 8 raster maps: total forest carbon in all stocks, live tree aboveground forest carbon, live tree belowground forest carbon, forest down dead carbon, forest litter carbon, forest standing dead carbon, forest soil organic carbon, and forest understory carbon.The U.S. has been providing national-scale estimates of forest carbon stocks and stock change to meet United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change reporting requirements for years. Although these currently are provided as national estimates by pool and year to meet greenhouse gas monitoring requirements, there is growing need to disaggregate these estimates to finer scales to enable strategic forest management and monitoring activities focused on various ecosystem services such as carbon (C) storage enhancement.Original metadata date was 02\/28\/2013. Minor metadata updates on 03\/25\/2014. Minor metadata updates on 12\/12\/2016, 08\/09\/2017, and 06\/26\/2019.\n\n*These data are now also available as a map service: https:\/\/apps.fs.usda.gov\/fsgisx01\/rest\/services\/RDW_ForestEcology.","keyword":["imageryBaseMapsEarthCover","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","Climate change","Carbon","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Plant ecology","Soil","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","stocks","forest","United States","CONUS"],"spatial":"-125.00000,24.00000,-66.00000,50.00000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0004","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0004","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2019-06-26"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Field plot measures and fuel treatment units used to assess the effectiveness of (WUI) fuel treatments burned through by the 2007 East Zone and Cascade megafires in central Idaho","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0005","description":"This data publication contains both vector and tabular digital data providing field plot measures and fuel treatment units used to assess the effectiveness of (WUI) fuel treatments burned through by the 2007 East Zone and Cascade megafires in central Idaho. Included are two ArcGIS shapefiles that contain the polygons representing units treated in 2006 for the Secesh Meadows area and the polygons representing the units treated between 1996 and 2006 for the Warm Lake area. The first tabular digital file contains specific fuel treatment and wildfire effects measured at paired treated and untreated field sites, both immediately post-fire and one year post-fire. Each site was composed of five field plots. Data collected at the five subplots per site were averaged to represent the site, which was the experimental unit. Data fields include site center locations, charred and uncharred ground cover fractions, litter and duff depths, overstory canopy closure, tree and sapling mortality, density, and basal area; tree, sapling and surface fuel biomass; and several other variables. The second set of data contains areal percentages of high, moderate, low, and unburned severity classes within wildland-urban interface (WUI) fuel treatment units extracted from immediate post-fire and one year post-fire Burned Area Reflectance Classification maps. The third file contains the amount of area burned daily for the Secesh Meadows area, Warm Lake area, and the total for the East Zone and Cascade megafires, as summarized from fire progression data.These data were collected to quantitatively assess the effectiveness of WUI fuel treatments, designed to protect the local communities of Secesh Meadows and Warm Lake that were burned through by the 2007 East Zone and Cascade megafires, respectively, in central Idaho.Original metadata date 04\/24\/2013. Minor metadata updates on 12\/14\/2016. On 03\/15\/2019 locations were added to the data and minor changes to field names to make it compatible with other related data that will be available in 2019. On 11\/05\/2019 five fuel load variables were added. In addition we slightly modified the calculation of fine and coarse woody debris, which also affected downed woody debris (see variable descriptions). Metadata was updated accordingly.\n\t  \n* On 07\/07\/2020 a newer edition of these data became available (Hudak et al. 2020, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0005-2). We recommend the use of this second edition which includes individual tree and sapling data collected in 2008 at the 40 paired sites, which were only summarized at plot level in the first edition. Data from the first edition have been retained in the second edition.","keyword":["biota","environment","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","Climate change","Climatology","Fire","Fire ecology","Fire suppression, pre-suppression","Prescribed fire","Wildland\/urban interface","wildfire","Idaho","Secesh Meadows","Secesh River","Warm Lake"],"spatial":"-115.9914,44.6145,-115.4811,45.5192","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0005","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0005","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2020-07-07"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Historical woodland density of the conterminous United States, 1873","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0006","description":"Historical woodland density of the conterminous United States, 1873 is a digital representation of William H. Brewer's 1873 \"Map showing five degrees of density. The distribution of woodland within the territory of the United States.\" This map was included in the statistical atlas of the United States based on the results of the ninth census 1870 (Walker 1874).The dataset is designed for conducting geospatial analyses and for producing cartographic products over regional to national geographic extents. Historical forestry maps can be used to determine past spatial patterns in order to draw comparisons to current conditions. Refer to Liknes et al. in the Cross-Reference section of this metadata for an example of how the historical woodland density information has been used to evaluate long-term change to forest resources.Original metadata date 04\/25\/2013. Minor metadata updates were made on 12\/14\/2016 and 12\/22\/2024.","keyword":["woodland density","William Brewer","historical map","imageryBaseMapsEarthCover","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Geography","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Resource inventory","conterminous United States","CONUS"],"spatial":"-124.732770,25.130501,-66.969271,49.371730","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0006","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0006","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-12-11"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Vegetation structure and composition in the Shoshone Mountains and Toiyabe, Toquima, and Monitor ranges, Nevada","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0007-2","description":"These data document vegetation structure (trees, shrubs, and ground cover), composition of trees and shrubs (in most cases, ground cover is differentiated by functional group but not by species), and presence or absence of cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) in canyons throughout four mountain ranges in the central Great Basin (Lander, Nye, and Eureka counties, Nevada): the Shoshone Mountains, Toiyabe Range, Toquima Range, and Monitor Range. Vegetation data were collected between 2002 and 2013 at locations where annual point-counts of breeding birds were conducted or at the ends of 100-meter transects along which we searched for Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) scats. Data on presence or absence of cheatgrass were gathered annually from 2006 through 2014. We measured vegetation structure and composition at each location in at least two years. The year in which vegetation structure and composition first was measured at a given location varied; vegetation structure and composition was remeasured at virtually all locations in 2013. Vegetation structure and composition generally was measured more frequently at locations that were treated with prescribed fire or wildfire, or that served as controls for studies on responses of plants and animals to fire, than at other locations.Data were collected to examine relations between probabilities of detection and occupancy of breeding birds and vegetation covariates. Data have also been used to train and validate models of vegetation (e.g., presence of riparian vegetation, potential changes in distribution of dominant species) that were based on remotely sensed data. Additionally, data will be used to examine responses of vegetation following fire treatments and post-fire land use.These data serve as environmental covariates for the data publication 'Detections of breeding birds in the Shoshone, Toiyabe, Toquima, and Monitor ranges, Nevada' (Fleishman [2015a]). Vegetation data were collected at virtually all locations where birds were sampled. Spatial data attributes in the breeding-bird data publication and this data publication (range, canyon, year, UTMx, UTMy) are the same and can be linked in a relational database or lookup table. Although the data primarily were collected to characterize bird habitat, they also could serve as environmental covariates for the data publication 'Presence and absence of butterflies in the Shoshone Mountains and Toiyabe and Toquima ranges, Nevada' (Fleishman [2015b]). In most cases, vegetation was sampled at multiple locations within each segment that is included in the butterfly data, and the data products can be linked via spatial data attributes.\n\t  \nThe first edition of these data was made available on 06\/19\/2013 (Fleishman [2013]). This second edition of the data adds 2 more years of data; in some cases, discriminates more finely among closely related species; and better documents multi-stemmed species such as willows. For locations at which vegetation had not been measured since the mid-2000s, the second edition more accurately reflects current conditions. Furthermore, virtually all measurements reflected in the second edition were made during the same year. Very minor issues with the data files in 2002-2012 files were corrected, but none that altered any actual data values. Additionally, the metadata were improved.\n\n Minor metadata updates on 12\/12\/2016.","keyword":["biota","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Animal ecology","Fire","Fire effects on environment","Prescribed fire","Forest & Plant Health","Botany","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Birds","Habitat management","vegetation","plants","trees","shrubs","grasses","forbs","riparian","upland","wildfire","time series","breeding birds","Greater Sage-Grouse","Centrocercus urophasianus","land cover","JFSP","Joint Fire Science Program","SERDP","Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program","central Nevada","Nevada","Great Basin","Shoshone Mountains","Toiyabe Range","Toquima Range","Monitor Range","Lander County","Nye County","Eureka County"],"spatial":"-117.547233160187,38.6448263136483,-116.412277771069,39.4429268147128","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0007-2","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0007-2","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-12"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Vegetation structure and composition in the Shoshone Mountains and Toiyabe, Toquima, and Monitor ranges, Nevada","identifier":"https:\/\/www.doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0007","description":"These data document vegetation structure and composition of trees and shrubs in canyons throughout four mountain ranges in the central Great Basin (Lander, Nye, and Eureka counties, Nevada): the Shoshone Mountains, Toiyabe Range, Toquima Range, and Monitor Range. Vegetation data were collected at locations where breeding birds were detected annually from 2001 through 2012, inclusive, or at the ends of 100-meter transects along which we searched for Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) scats from 2010 through 2012 (inclusive). Vegetation at most points was measured once. Vegetation at points treated with prescribed fire, prescribed wildfire, or at points intended to serve as controls for the fire treatments, was measured in multiple years.Data were collected to examine relations between probabilities of detection and occupancy of breeding birds and vegetation covariates. Data have also been used to train and validate models of vegetation (e.g., presence of riparian vegetation, potential changes in distribution of dominant species) that were based on remotely sensed data. Additionally, data will be used to examine responses of vegetation following fire treatments and post-fire land use.These data serve as environmental covariates for the data publication 'Detections of breeding birds in the Shoshone, Toiyabe, Toquima, and Monitor ranges, Nevada' (Fleishman [2015a]). Vegetation data were collected at virtually all locations where birds were sampled. Spatial data attributes in the breeding-bird data publication and this data publication (range, canyon, year, UTMx, UTMy) are the same and can be linked in a relational database or lookup table. Although the data primarily were collected to characterize bird habitat, they also could serve as environmental covariates for the data publication 'Presence and absence of butterflies in the Shoshone Mountains and Toiyabe and Toquima ranges, Nevada' (Fleishman [2015b]). In most cases, vegetation was sampled at multiple locations within each segment included in the butterfly data, and the data products can be linked via spatial data attributes.\n\nOriginal metadata date was 06\/19\/2013. Minor metadata updates on 11\/14\/2013. Minor metadata updates on 12\/12\/2016.\n\n**NOTE: In April 2015 a second edition of these data became available (Fleishman [2015c]) and we recommend use of this newer edtion. This second edition of the data adds 2 more years of data; in some cases, discriminates more finely among closely related species; and better documents multi-stemmed species such as willows. For locations at which vegetation had not been measured since the mid-2000s, the second edition more accurately reflects current conditions. Furthermore, virtually all measurements reflected in the second edition were made during the same year. Very minor issues with the data files in 2002-2012 files were corrected, but none that altered any actual data values.","keyword":["biota","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Animal ecology","Fire","Fire effects on environment","Prescribed fire","Forest & Plant Health","Botany","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Birds","Habitat management","vegetation","plants","trees","shrubs","grasses","forbs","riparian","upland","wildfire","time series","breeding birds","Greater sage-grouse","Centrocercus urophasianus","land cover","JFSP","Joint Fire Science Program","Nevada","Great Basin","Shoshone Mountains","Toiyabe Range","Toquima Range","Monitor Range","Lander County","Nye County","Eureka County"],"spatial":"-117.547233160187,38.6448263136483,-116.412277771069,39.4429268147128","landingPage":"https:\/\/www.doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0007","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/www.doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0007","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-12"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"North American Carbon Program biometric database","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0008-2","description":"The database houses North American Carbon Program data from 10 intensively monitored sites at seven stations: Bartlett Experimental Forest (New Hampshire), Fraser Experimental Forest (Colorado), Glacier Lakes Ecosystem Experiments Site (Wyoming), Marcell Experimental Forest (Minnesota), Niwot Ridge Long-term Ecological Research Site (Colorado), Silas Little Experimental Forest (New Jersey), and The Parker Tract (North Carolina). The biometric database contains both measured and estimated data. Measured data include general descriptive information and detailed measurements from 2004-2011. General descriptive information defines the sample area at the station, site, plot, and subplot level. Detailed measurements include tree, shrub, non-woody vegetation, down woody material, stump, litter, forest floor, agricultural crop, leaf area index, fine root, and soils data. Tree data were separated into three size classes: seedling, sapling, and tree. Soil data include chemistry, respiration, and water content.The two main goals of the North American Carbon Program (NACP) are to (1) develop the scientific basis to support full carbon accounting on regional and continental scales; and (2) support long-term quantitative measurements of fluxes, sources, and sinks of atmospheric CO2 and CH4, and develop forecasts for future trends.\n\nData reported here were collected at a network of landscape monitoring sites representing forests with different management, disturbance histories, and vegetation to bridge the gap between flux towers and national inventory programs. Key information for each site includes (1) estimates of carbon stocks and quantified impacts of management activity; (2) estimates of net ecosystem production (NEP) and changes in carbon pools; and (3) estimates of forest\/atmosphere carbon fluxes. The database was developed to provide detailed, well-documented, and consistent information from a network of long-term observation sites in the United States. The design of the sampling protocol and database provide examples for applications in other regions.The first edition of these data was published in 2013 (see Cross References). The second edition has three changes relative to the first edition:\n1. The database format is now MS Access 2010 (instead of being Access 2007)\n2. Soil chemistry data were added for the Cedar Bridge and Silas Little sites (which previously had no soil chemistry data). \n3. All seedling and shrub data at the subplot and plot level have been updated to fix an algorithm error in which summed biomass was not divided by the size of the sampled area (over-estimaing biomass). The corrected tables are: Subplot_SeedAG, Subplot_ShrubAG, Plot_SeedAG and Plot_ShrubAG in LCMS_BiometricData_Ver2_Summary_2015-06-15.accdb\n\nMinor metadata updates on 12\/12\/2016.","keyword":["North American Carbon Program","NACP","carbon stocks","carbon pools","biometric data","inventory data","biomass","landscape-scale","forest monitoring","woody debris","flux tower","Ameriflux","carbon","soil","climate change","biota","Climate change","Carbon","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Biometrics","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Plant ecology","Soil","Forest & Plant Health","Botany","Colorado","Minnesota","New Hampshire","New Jersey","North Carolina","Wyoming","Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment Center","EFETAC","Fraser Experimental Forest","Glacier Lakes Ecosystem Experiments Site","GLEES","Marcell Experimental Forest","Niwot Ridge Long-term Ecological Research Site","NIWOT","EFR","LTER","Silas Little Experimental Forest","Parker Tract"],"spatial":"-71.0,35.5,-106.5,48.0","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0008-2","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0008-2","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-12"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"North American Carbon Program biometric database","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0008","description":"The database houses North American Carbon Program data from 10 intensively monitored sites at seven stations: Bartlett Experimental Forest (New Hampshire), Fraser Experimental Forest (Colorado), Glacier Lakes Ecosystem Experiments Site (Wyoming), Marcell Experimental Forest (Minnesota), Niwot Ridge Long-term Ecological Research Site (Colorado), Silas Little Experimental Forest (New Jersey), and The Parker Tract (North Carolina). The biometric database contains both measured and estimated data. Measured data include general descriptive information and detailed measurements. General descriptive information defines the sample area at the station, site, plot, and subplot level. Detailed measurements include tree, shrub, non-woody vegetation, down woody material, stump, litter, forest floor, agricultural crop, leaf area index, fine root, and soils data. Tree data were separated into three size classes: seedling, sapling, and tree. Soil data include chemistry, respiration, and water content.The two main goals of the North American Carbon Program (NACP) are to (1) develop the scientific basis to support full carbon accounting on regional and continental scales; and (2) support long-term quantitative measurements of fluxes, sources, and sinks of atmospheric CO2 and CH4, and develop forecasts for future trends.\n\nData reported here were collected at a network of landscape monitoring sites representing forests with different management, disturbance histories, and vegetation to bridge the gap between flux towers and national inventory programs. Key information for each site includes (1) estimates of carbon stocks and quantified impacts of management activity; (2) estimates of net ecosystem production (NEP) and changes in carbon pools; and (3) estimates of forest\/atmosphere carbon fluxes. The database was developed to provide detailed, well-documented, and consistent information from a network of long-term observation sites in the United States. The design of the sampling protocol and database provide examples for applications in other regions.Original metadata date was 11\/22\/2013. Minor metadata updates on 1\/29\/2014 and 07\/24\/2015. Minor metadata updates on 12\/12\/2016.\n\t  \n**NOTE: In July 2015 a second edition of these data became available (Cole et al. 2015) and we recommend use of this newer edtion. This second edition of the data has three changes relative to the first edition:\n1. The database format is now MS Access 2010 (instead of being Access 2007)\n2. Soil chemistry data were added for the Cedar Bridge and Silas Little sites (which previously had no soil chemistry data). \n3. All seedling and shrub data at the subplot and plot level have been updated to fix an algorithm error in which summed biomass was not divided by the size of the sampled area (over-estimaing biomass). The corrected tables are: Subplot_SeedAG, Subplot_ShrubAG, Plot_SeedAG and Plot_ShrubAG in LCMS_BiometricData_Ver2_Summary_2015-06-15.accdb","keyword":["North American Carbon Program","NACP","carbon stocks","carbon pools","biometric data","inventory data","biomass","landscape-scale","forest monitoring","woody debris","flux tower","Ameriflux","carbon","soil","climate change","biota","Climate change","Carbon","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Biometrics","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Plant ecology","Soil","Forest & Plant Health","Botany","Colorado","Minnesota","New Hampshire","New Jersey","North Carolina","Wyoming","Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment Center","EFETAC","Fraser Experimental Forest","Glacier Lakes Ecosystem Experiments Site","GLEES","Marcell Experimental Forest","Niwot Ridge Long-term Ecological Research Site","NIWOT","EFR","LTER","Silas Little Experimental Forest","Parker Tract"],"spatial":"-71.0,35.5,-106.5,48.00000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0008","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0008","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-12"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Spatial wildfire occurrence data for the United States, 1992-2012 [FPA_FOD_20140428]","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0009.2","description":"This data publication contains a spatial database of wildfires that occurred in the United States from 1992 to 2012, generated for the national Fire Program Analysis (FPA) system. The wildfire records were acquired from the reporting systems of federal, state, and local fire organizations. The following core data elements were required for records to be included in this data publication: discovery date, final fire size, and a point location at least as precise as Public Land Survey System (PLSS) section (1-square mile grid). The data were transformed to conform, when possible, to the data standards of the National Wildfire Coordinating Group (NWCG). Basic error-checking was performed and redundant records were identified and removed, to the degree possible. The resulting product, referred to as the Fire Program Analysis fire-occurrence database (FPA FOD), includes nearly 1.7 million geo-referenced wildfire records, representing a total of 123 million acres burned during the 21-year period.There is a wealth of information to be found in agency and local fire reports, but even the most rudimentary interagency analyses of wildfire numbers and area burned from the authoritative systems of record have been stymied to some degree by their disunity. While necessarily incomplete in some aspects, the database presented here is intended to facilitate fairly high-resolution geospatial analysis of US fire activity over the period 1992-2012, based on available information from federal, state, and local systems of record. It was generated to support the national, interagency Fire Program Analysis (FPA) system (https:\/\/www.forestsandrangelands.gov\/FPA\/index.shtml).Original metadata date was 05\/13\/2014. Metadata updated on 04\/22\/2015 to include reference to third edition of this data publication. Minor metadata updates on 12\/14\/2016. Metadata updated on 05\/25\/2017 to include reference to a the forth edition of these data. Metadata updated on 08\/09\/2023 to include reference to the sixth edition of these data, as well as a few updates to URLs. \n\n**NOTE: We recommend using the sixth edition of these data which is now available, see the Cross-Reference section below. The fourth edition includes all of the data from previous editions, includes a more up to date set of data, and contains the full taxonomic information for the data. All editions were developed as described by Short (2014).","keyword":["biota","geoscientificInformation","location","Fire","Fire detection","wildfire","Fire Program Analysis","United States"],"spatial":"-178.802600,17.939722,-65.256944,70.299700","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0009.2","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0009.2","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-08-09"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Spatial wildfire occurrence data for the United States, 1992-2013 [FPA_FOD_20150323]","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0009.3","description":"This data publication contains a spatial database of wildfires that occurred in the United States from 1992 to 2013, generated for the national Fire Program Analysis (FPA) system. The wildfire records were acquired from the reporting systems of federal, state, and local fire organizations. The following core data elements were required for records to be included in this data publication: discovery date, final fire size, and a point location at least as precise as Public Land Survey System (PLSS) section (1-square mile grid). The data were transformed to conform, when possible, to the data standards of the National Wildfire Coordinating Group (NWCG). Basic error-checking was performed and redundant records were identified and removed, to the degree possible. The resulting product, referred to as the Fire Program Analysis fire-occurrence database (FPA FOD), includes 1.73 million geo-referenced wildfire records, representing a total of 126 million acres burned during the 22-year period.There is a wealth of information to be found in agency and local fire reports, but even the most rudimentary interagency analyses of wildfire numbers and area burned from the authoritative systems of record have been stymied to some degree by their disunity. While necessarily incomplete in some aspects, the database presented here is intended to facilitate fairly high-resolution geospatial analysis of US fire activity over the period 1992-2013, based on available information from federal, state, and local systems of record. It was generated to support the national, interagency Fire Program Analysis (FPA) system (https:\/\/www.forestsandrangelands.gov\/FPA\/index.shtml).Original metadata date was 04\/22\/2015. Minor metadata updates on 12\/14\/2016. Metadata updated on 05\/25\/2017 to include reference to a the forth edition of these data. Metadata updated on 08\/09\/2023 to include reference to the sixth edition of these data, as well as a few updates to URLs. \n\n**NOTE: We recommend using the sixth edition of these data which is now available, see the Cross-Reference section below. The fourth edition includes all of the data from previous editions, includes a more up to date set of data, and contains the full taxonomic information for the data. All editions were developed as described by Short (2014).","keyword":["biota","geoscientificInformation","location","Fire","Fire detection","wildfire","Fire Program Analysis","United States"],"spatial":"-178.802600,17.939722,-65.256944,70.299700","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0009.3","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0009.3","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-08-09"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Spatial wildfire occurrence data for the United States, 1992-2015 [FPA_FOD_20170508]","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0009.4","description":"This data publication contains a spatial database of wildfires that occurred in the United States from 1992 to 2015. It is the third update of a publication originally generated to support the national Fire Program Analysis (FPA) system. The wildfire records were acquired from the reporting systems of federal, state, and local fire organizations. The following core data elements were required for records to be included in this data publication: discovery date, final fire size, and a point location at least as precise as Public Land Survey System (PLSS) section (1-square mile grid). The data were transformed to conform, when possible, to the data standards of the National Wildfire Coordinating Group (NWCG). Basic error-checking was performed and redundant records were identified and removed, to the degree possible. The resulting product, referred to as the Fire Program Analysis fire-occurrence database (FPA FOD), includes 1.88 million geo-referenced wildfire records, representing a total of 140 million acres burned during the 24-year period.There is a wealth of information to be found in agency and local fire reports, but even the most rudimentary interagency analyses of wildfire numbers and area burned from the authoritative systems of record have been stymied to some degree by their disunity. While necessarily incomplete in some aspects, the database presented here is intended to facilitate fairly high-resolution geospatial analysis of US fire activity over the period 1992-2015, based on available information from federal, state, and local systems of record. It was originally generated to support the national, interagency Fire Program Analysis (FPA) system (https:\/\/www.forestsandrangelands.gov\/FPA\/index.shtml). The FPA system has since been retired, but the FPA FOD has continued to be updated periodically to support a variety of other applications and analyses.This data publication is the fourth edition of the FPA FOD, which spans 1992-2015. The first edition, which spanned 1992-2011, is available at https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0009. The second edition, spanning 1992-2012, is available at https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0009.2. The third edition, spanning 1992-2013, is available at https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0009.3. All four editions were developed as described by Short (2014). \n\t  \nOriginal metadata date was 05\/22\/2017. Minor metadata updates on 06\/30\/2017, 08\/09\/2017, and 09\/29\/2022. Metadata updated on 08\/09\/2023 to include reference to the sixth edition of these data, as well as a few updates to URLs. \n\n**NOTE: We recommend using the sixth edition of these data which is now available, see the Cross-Reference section below. The fourth edition includes all of the data from previous editions, includes a more up to date set of data, and contains the full taxonomic information for the data. All editions were developed as described by Short (2014).","keyword":["biota","geoscientificInformation","location","Fire","Fire detection","wildfire","Fire Program Analysis","United States"],"spatial":"-178.802600,17.939722,-65.256944,70.299700","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0009.4","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0009.4","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-08-09"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Spatial wildfire occurrence data for the United States, 1992-2011 [FPA_FOD_20130422]","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0009","description":"This data publication contains a spatial database of wildfires that occurred in the United States from 1992 to 2011, generated for the national Fire Program Analysis (FPA) system. The wildfire records were acquired from the reporting systems of federal, state, and local fire organizations. The following core data elements were required for records to be included in this data publication: discovery date, final fire size, and a point location at least as precise as Public Land Survey System (PLSS) section (1-square-mile grid). The data were transformed to conform, when possible, to the data standards of the National Wildfire Coordinating Group (NWCG). Basic error-checking was performed and redundant records were identified and removed, to the degree possible. The resulting product, referred to as the Fire Program Analysis fire-occurrence database (FPA FOD), includes nearly 1.6 million geo-referenced wildfire records, representing a total of 113 million acres burned during the 20-year period.There is a wealth of information to be found in agency and local fire reports, but even the most rudimentary interagency analyses of wildfire numbers and area burned from the authoritative systems of record have been stymied to some degree by their disunity. While necessarily incomplete in some aspects, the database presented here is intended to facilitate fairly high-resolution geospatial analysis of US fire activity over the period 1992-2011, based on available information from federal, state, and local systems of record. It was generated to support the national, interagency Fire Program Analysis (FPA) system (https:\/\/www.forestsandrangelands.gov\/FPA\/index.shtml).Original metadata date was 06\/16\/2013. Metadata updated to include citation to published article related to these data on 03\/02\/2014. Metadata updated on 05\/13\/2014 to include reference to second edition of this data publication and other minor edits. Metadata updated on 04\/22\/2015 to include reference to third edition of this data publication. Minor metadata updates on 12\/14\/2016. Metadata updated on 05\/25\/2017 to include reference to the fourth edition of these data. Metadata updated on 08\/09\/2023 to include reference to the sixth edition of these data, as well as a few updates to URLs. \n\n**NOTE: We recommend using the sixth edition of these data which is now available, see the Cross-Reference section below. The fourth edition includes all of the data from previous editions, includes a more up to date set of data, and contains the full taxonomic information for the data. All editions were developed as described by Short (2014).","keyword":["biota","geoscientificInformation","location","Fire","Fire detection","wildfire","Fire Program Analysis","United States"],"spatial":"-178.802600,17.939722,-65.256944,70.299700","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0009","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0009","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-08-09"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Airborne and Lidar measurements of smoke plume rise, emissions, and dispersion","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0010","description":"This data publication consists of measurements of smoke plume rise, emissions, and dispersion in and around eight wildfires in the western United States and prescribed fires in California, Idaho, and North Carolina. Eleven wildland fires were investigated between August 2009 and August 2011, allowing the research team to measure plume rise and smoke transport over a wide range of meteorological conditions, fire activity, fuels, and terrain. This data publication provides observations for the evaluation of smoke dispersion and air quality forecasting models. The data publication includes measurements of prognostic variables (plume height and the concentrations of aerosol, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and methane) of plume rise models, smoke dispersion models, and atmospheric chemistry transport models. The subcomponent models of smoke modeling systems, such as plume rise and fire effects models rely on a variety of fire environment data as input including ambient meteorological conditions, fuel type, fuel loading, and fuel condition. In addition to measuring model prognostic variables, this data publication also has ancillary data consisting of fire environment variables which are input for the subcomponent models of smoke modeling systems.Air quality regulators, land managers, and atmospheric scientists all rely on smoke emission and atmospheric chemistry modeling systems to predict, evaluate, and manage the impact of fire emissions on air quality and atmospheric composition. There is an urgent need to quantitatively characterize the uncertainties, biases, and application limits of smoke modeling systems and to develop improved systems for air regulators, land managers, and air quality forecasters. Accurately describing and predicting the dynamics of smoke plumes and subsequent smoke transport is a major uncertainty in determining the impact of fire emissions on air quality. This dataset provides measurements for the evaluation and development of smoke modeling systems.The measurements provided in this data publication were collected in the Joint Fire Science Program (JFSP) research project \"Validation of Smoke Transport Models with Airborne and Lidar Experiments\" (Project # 08-1-6-09), and collected in part to support the Smoke Emissions Model Intercomparison Project (SEMIP; https:\/\/www.airfire.org\/projects\/semip\/, Joint Fire Science Program Project #08-1-7-10). The research project responded to research solicitation JFSP AFP-2008-1, Task 6 \"Smoke and Emissions Models Evaluation\".\n\nOriginal metadata date was 08\/12\/2013. Minor metadata updates were made on 11\/18\/2013, 12\/15\/2016, and 06\/11\/2024.","keyword":["climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","environment","Climate change","Carbon","Fire","Prescribed fire","Smoke","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","biomass burning","wildland fire","smoke dispersion","smoke emissions","wildfire","plume rise","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","Bob Marshall Wilderness","Bitterroot National Forest","Salmon-Challis National Forest","Clearwater National Forest","Bitterroot National Forest","Dixie National Forest","Deschutes National Forest","Fishlake National Forest","Boise National Forest","Vandenberg Air Force Base","Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune","Montana","Idaho","Utah","Oregon","California","North Carolina"],"spatial":"-125.0,33.5,-75.0,50.0","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0010","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0010","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-06-11"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Data catalog and scanned images for Anderson and Rothermel early fire behavior experiments","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0011","description":"This data publication contains scanned photos from pivotal experiments conducted by Richard Rothermel and Hal Anderson at the Missoula Fire Sciences Laboratory from the early 1960s through the mid-1980s. The scans document early research that forms the foundation of fire spread and fire danger models used in the field to this day. It also contains a data catalog and finding aid for the hard copy data and files available for these experiments. The current generation of web-based fire decision support systems is based on this early Rothermel and Anderson research.The intent of this data publication is to preserve the photo documentation from these early fire behavior experiments and provide a catalog of the hard copy data so that current and future wildland fire researchers can gain access to this important research in the future.To access the hard copy records contact Diane Smith (see the Point of Contact section).\n\nOriginal metadata date was 09\/05\/2013. Minor metadata updates on 11\/18\/2013. Minor metadata updates on 12\/14\/2016.","keyword":["biota","Fire","Fire detection","Fire suppression, pre-suppression","Prescribed fire","Wildland\/urban interface","Hal Anderson","Richard Rothermel","wildland fire research","burn studies","large fuels","fuel models","crown fire","burn out research","fire shelter deployment","Aerospace Corporation research","lightning documentation","fire spread model","fire scan","Butte fire","Canyon Creek fire","Dunham fire","Pattee Canyon fire","Yosemite fire","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","Missoula","Montana","United States","Missoula Fire Sciences Laboratory","Priest River","Yellowstone National Park"],"spatial":"-168,40,160,71","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0011","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0011","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-14"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Incidental and long-distance bird observations in the Shoshone, Toiyabe, Toquima, and Monitor ranges, Nevada","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0012-2","description":"These data document observations of birds, mostly in canyons and a small proportion in intervening valleys, throughout four mountain ranges in the central Great Basin (Lander, Nye, and Eureka counties, Nevada): the Shoshone Mountains, Toiyabe Range, Toquima Range, and Monitor Range. A small number of observations were made in the valleys adjacent to these mountain ranges. Data were collected from 2002 through 2014, inclusive. These data complement those in Fleishman (2015a), which included detections of breeding birds during fixed-radius point counts within 100 meters of the observer.  The data in this data publication allow more-complete documentation of the composition and distribution of the local and regional avifauna than would be possible with the fixed-radius point-count data alone. Some birds documented in these data were detected during fixed-radius point counts but were outside the radius of the sample point (e.g., >100 meters from the observer) or flying over the point rather than apparently using resources within the point. Others were detected opportunistically while traveling to sampling locations. The records also include juveniles, which are not included in published analyses. Data include species detected, date of detection, and, in most cases, method of detection and either coordinates or an approximate location.These data were collected in the course of sampling to examine relationships among occurrence or occupancy of birds, topography, and vegetation, and  for data collected before 2013, especially in the context of changes in vegetation as a result of wildfire or prescribed fire. Data also were collected during studies to investigate baseline variation in occurrence of birds in space and time and to compare distributions of birds and butterflies in space and time. Knowledge of baseline variation informs assessment of possible effects of environmental change, whether natural or anthropogenic.  These data complement those in Fleishman (2015a), which had strict criteria or standards with respect to, for example, sampling methods, bird behavior, location, and age class. The data in this file are reliable, but do not meet those strict criteria. The data are useful for documenting species composition and distribution across space and time. Some species included in these data are not represented in the data from the fixed-radius point counts.Among the reasons these data are considered incidental or long distance (hence included in this file rather than Fleishman [2015a]) include but are not limited to the following. Bird was detected during a fixed-radius point count but observer did not record distance from the point center (thus it is unclear whether the detection was within 100 meters of the observer, which is a criterion for many analyses); detected during point counts but at > 75 meters (2002-2004) or > 100 meters (2005-2014) from the point center (the limit for inclusion in many analyses); not detected during point counts (e.g., bird was observed while traveling between sampling locations or in the afternoon or evening rather than during morning point-counts); juvenile bird rather than adult (most analyses are restricted to adults assumed to be breeding in the vicinity). \n\nVarious measurements of vegetation at or near point-count locations, which may be useful for exploring associations with presence, are available (Fleishman [2015b]).\n\nThe first edition of these incidental and long-distance bird data was made available on 11\/18\/2013 (Fleishman [2013]). This second edition of the data adds two more years of data including data from locations that were not represented in the first edition, along with minor metadata improvements. Minor metadata updates on 12\/15\/2016.\n\n**NOTE: In 2019 a third edition of these data became available (Fleishman [2019]). We recommend use of this newest edition which added another year of data, along with minor metadata improvements.","keyword":["biota","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Animal ecology","Fire","Fire effects on environment","Prescribed fire","Forest & Plant Health","Botany","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Birds","Habitat management","breeding birds","detections","point counts","wildfire","land-cover change","riparian","pinyon","juniper","sagebrush","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program","SERDP","central Nevada","Nevada","Great Basin","Shoshone Mountains","Toiyabe Range","Toquima Range","Monitor Range","Lander Country Nevada","Nye County Nevada","Eureka County Nevada","Reese River Valley","Big Smoky Valley","Monitor Valley","Antelope Valley"],"spatial":"-117.547233160187,38.6471534350003,-116.412277771069,39.4876966819568","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0012-2","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0012-2","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2019-04-26"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Incidental and long-distance bird observations in the Shoshone, Toiyabe, Toquima, and Monitor ranges, Nevada","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0012","description":"These data document observations of birds, mostly in canyons and a small proportion in intervening valleys, throughout four mountain ranges in the central Great Basin (Lander, Nye, and Eureka counties, Nevada): the Shoshone Mountains, Toiyabe Range, Toquima Range, and Monitor Range. Data were collected from 2002 through 2012, inclusive. These data complement those in Fleishman (2015b), which included detections of breeding birds during fixed-radius point counts within 100 meters of the observer.  The data in this data publication allow more-complete documentation of the composition and distribution of the local and regional avifauna than would be possible with the fixed-radius point-count data alone. Some birds documented in these data were detected during fixed-radius point counts but were outside the radius of the sample point (e.g., >100 meters from the observer) or flying over the point rather than apparently using resources within the point. Others were detected opportunistically while traveling to sampling locations. The records also include juveniles, which are not included in published analyses. Data include species detected, date of detection, and, in most cases, method of detection and either coordinates or an approximate location.These data were collected in the course of sampling to examine relationships among occurrence of birds, topography, and vegetation, especially in the context of changes in vegetation as a result of wildfire or prescribed fire. Data also were collected during studies to investigate baseline variation in occurrence of birds in space and time and to compare distributions of birds and butterflies in space and time. Knowledge of baseline variation informs assessment of possible effects of environmental change, whether natural or anthropogenic.  These data complement those in Fleishman (2015b), which had strict criteria or standards with respect to, for example, sampling methods, bird behavior, location, and age class. The data in this file are reliable, but do not meet those strict criteria. The data are useful for documenting species composition and distribution across space and time. Some species included in these data are not represented in the data from the fixed-radius point counts.Among the reasons these data are considered incidental or long distance (hence included in this file rather than Fleishman [2015b]) include but are not limited to the following. Bird was detected during a fixed-radius point count but observer did not record distance from the point center (thus it is unclear whether the detection was within 100 meters of the observer, which is a criterion for many analyses); detected during point counts but at > 75 meters (2002-2004) or > 100 meters (2005-2012) from the point center (the limit for inclusion in many analyses); not detected during point counts (e.g., bird was observed while traveling between sampling locations or in the afternoon or evening rather than during morning point-counts); juvenile bird rather than adult (most analyses are restricted to adults assumed to be breeding in the vicinity). \n\nVarious measurements of vegetation at or near point-count locations, which may be useful for exploring associations with presence, are available (Fleishman [2015c]).\n\nOriginal metadata date was 09\/05\/2013. Minor metadata updates on 11\/18\/2013. On 05\/07\/2015 the metadata was updated to add reference to the second edition of these data. Minor metadata updates on 12\/15\/2016. In 2015 a second edition of these data became available (Fleishman [2015a]), which added two more years of data including data from locations that were not represented in the first edition, along with minor metadata improvements.\n\n**NOTE: In 2019 a third edition of these data became available (Fleishman [2019]). We recommend use of this newest edition which added another year of data, along with minor metadata improvements.","keyword":["biota","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Animal ecology","Fire","Prescribed fire","Forest & Plant Health","Botany","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Birds","breeding birds","detections","point counts","wildfire","land-cover change","riparian","pinyon","juniper","sagebrush","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","Nevada","Great Basin","Shoshone Mountains","Toiyabe Range","Toquima Range","Monitor Range","Lander Country Nevada","Nye County Nevada","Eureka County Nevada"],"spatial":"-117.547233160187,38.6471534350003,-116.412277771069,39.4876966819568","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0012","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0012","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2019-04-26"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Live tree species basal area of the contiguous United States (2000-2009)","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0013","description":"This data publication contains raster maps of live tree basal area for each tree species along with corresponding assessment data. An efficient approach for mapping multiple individual tree species over large spatial domains was used to develop these raster datasets. The method integrates vegetation phenology derived from MODIS imagery and raster data describing relevant environmental parameters with extensive field plot data of tree species basal area to create maps of tree species abundance and distribution at a 250-meter (m) pixel size for the contiguous United States. The approach uses the modeling techniques of k-nearest neighbors and canonical correspondence analysis, where model predictions are calculated using a weighting of nearest neighbors based on proximity in a feature space derived from the model. The approach also utilizes a stratification derived from the 2001 National Land-Cover Database tree canopy cover layer.The mapping methodology and resultant datasets were intended to address three major issues. 1) Land use policy decisions are often made at the landscape scale because landscape processes, like risk of forest pests or fire, occur over large areas. 2) Distribution and abundance information is often needed for individual species as opposed to forest types because individual species can play significant roles in natural systems, may have high economic impact, or may be indicators for ecosystem health. 3) The maintenance of a realistic species covariance structure across a set of maps of individual species is important because species assemblage information is used in coarse scale modeling of ecosystem processes like response to disturbance, urbanization, and climate change.Original metadata date was 09\/09\/2013. Minor metadata updates on 12\/15\/2016.","keyword":["biota","imageryBaseMapsEarthCover","planningCadastre","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Assessments","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","basal area","tree species","species range","raster map","species abundance","CONUS","United States"],"spatial":"-125.00000,24.00000,-66.00000,50.00000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0013","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0013","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-15"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Campsite condition data for four South-Central Wildernesses in Arkansas, Illinois, and Missouri","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0014","description":"This data publication contains conditions of 91 campsites spread over four wilderness areas in the South-Central United States. Recreation impact was studied in Caney Creek, Upper Buffalo, Hercules Glades, and Garden of the Gods Wildernesses. Campsites were measured in 1993-1994, and Caney Creek campsites were measured again in 2007. Data include basic campsite measurements such as condition class, vegetation type, soils, dominant species, landform, distance to trail, distance to water, number of fire rings, tree damage, and other standard campsite data. A subsample (21 sites) of the non-trace campsites were assessed in more detail and data such as campsite area, ground vegetation (stone, forbs, grass, shrub, moss\/lichen, etc.) and seedling counts were measured and similar data collected for a comparable control site. Additional measurements for these non-trace sites included tree counts by species and size as well as type of tree damage.The purpose of this campsite study was to provide recreation impact information to areas of wilderness often neglected by research. The information gathered should allow wilderness managers in those areas to tailor campsite impact standards, monitoring protocols, and management programs to their individual situation.These data were originally made available on the Aldo Leopold Wilderness Research Institute site: \/\/leopold.wilderness.net.\n\nOriginal metadata date was 09\/19\/2013. Minor metadata updates on 12\/23\/2014. Minor metadata updates on 12\/15\/2016.","keyword":["campsite impact","recreation management","campsite","condition","biota","environment","Environment and People","Impact of people on environment","Recreation","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Caney Creek Wilderness","Upper Buffalo Wilderness","Arkansas","Hercules Glades Wilderness","Missouri","Garden of the Gods Wilderness","Illinois","South-Central United States"],"spatial":"-94.161023,34.394827,-94.030355,34.423255","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0014","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0014","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-15"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Tree height and diameter data from the Aspen FACE Experiment, 1997-2008","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0015","description":"This data publication contains annual tree height and diameter measurements from 1997 to 2008 for trembling aspen, sugar maple, and paper birch as part of the Aspen FACE (Free-Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment) Experiment. This experiment was located on a research farm near Harshaw, Wisconsin (renamed the Rhinelander Experimental Forest in 2015) and consisted of twelve 30 meter diameter rings of aspen, birch and maple trees in which the concentrations of carbon dioxide and tropospheric ozone were controlled. Because there was no confinement, there was no significant change in the natural, ambient environment other than elevating these trace gas concentrations.The Aspen FACE Experiment was a multidisciplinary study that assessed the effects of increasing tropospheric ozone and carbon dioxide concentrations on the structure and functioning of northern forest ecosystems. The design provided the ability to assess the effects of these gasses alone, and in combination, on many ecosystem attributes, including growth, leaf development, root characteristics, and soil carbon.Original metadata date was 09\/24\/2013. Minor metadata updates on 01\/08\/2015 and 03\/04\/2015. On 3\/30\/2016 the bounding coordinates, cross-references, and methodology citations were updated. On 11\/15\/2016 the metadata were updated to reflect the Harshaw Forestry Research Farm now being designated as Rhinelander Experimental Forest, along with other minor metadata updates. Minor metadata updates on 12\/14\/2016.","keyword":["biota","environment","Climate change","Carbon","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Plant ecology","Forest & Plant Health","Air, soil, water pollution (environmental injury)","Climate effects","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","aspen","birch","maple","tropospheric ozone","carbon dioxide","Harshaw Forestry Research Farm","Rhinelander Experimental Forest","Wisconsin"],"spatial":"-89.63077383,45.67394177,-89.62551667,45.68118365","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0015","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0015","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-14"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Tenderfoot Creek Experimental Forest fluvial sediment transport data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0016","description":"This data publication contains average daily sediment transport data recorded at eight locations in the Tenderfoot Creek Experimental Forest watershed from 1994 to 2014. Four sediment samplers were placed at the bottom of four sub-watersheds flowing into Tenderfoot Creek. These sub-watersheds are Spring Park Creek, Sun Creek, Stringer Creek and Bubbling Creek. Two additional samplers were placed on Sun Creek above and below a logging road constructed in 2000, and two sediment samplers were placed on Tenderfoot Creek above and below the four sub-watersheds. Sun Creek and Spring Park Creek had experimental shelterwood harvests in 1999 and 2000. Portions of these units were prescribed burned between 2001 and 2003. Two adjacent sub-watersheds, Bubbling Creek and Stringer Creek, serve as control units for the silvicultural treatments (McCaughey et al. 2006).The Tenderfoot Creek Experimental Forest was established in 1961 as an experimental watershed in representative lodgepole pine forest common east of the Continental Divide. Hydrologic and climatologic monitoring sites were established in the early 1990's to monitor environmental effects of various silvicultural methods used to restore and regenerate healthy lodgepole pine forests. Tenderfoot Creek is a major tributary of the Smith and Missouri rivers, thus providing an important hydrologic resource for much of central Montana (McCaughey et al. 2006).Sediment transport data directly correlates with streamflow data collected at six hydrologic flumes and one open channel streamflow gauge on the experimental forest. Annual precipitation and water quality data are also collected at Tenderfoot Creek Experimental Forest. (See Cross-Reference section for access to these data.)\n\nThis data publication (which went live 09\/26\/2013) is an update to an older version of the data (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2010-0006, see the Cross-Reference section). This updated data publication includes all of the data in the first edition with three additional years of data (up through 2012), data flags (to indicate unreliable data), updated title, and minor edits to the metadata. On 07\/31\/2015 two more years of data were added to this product. Minor metadata updates were made on 12\/14\/2016 and on 09\/08\/2020.","keyword":["geoscientificInformation","inlandWaters","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","sediment transport","fluvial","watershed","lodgepole pine forest","Tenderfoot Creek Experimental Forest","Little Belt Mountains","central Montana","Northern Rocky Mountains"],"spatial":"-110.95,46.88,-110.83,46.97","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0016","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0016","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2020-09-08"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Composite Burn Index (CBI) data and field photos collected for the FIRESEV project, western United States","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0017","description":"This set of Composite Burn Index (CBI) data was collected from 2009 to 2011 and supports several products created during the FIRESEV project, which was funded by the Joint Fire Sciences Program. FIRESEV (FIRE SEVerity mapping tools) is a comprehensive set of tools and protocols to deliver, create, and evaluate fire severity maps for all phases of fire management. This CBI data describes fire effects for the western U.S. for five vegetation strata after burning in 2008 to 2010 (Key and Benson 1999). The strata include substrates (litter, duff, fuel, and soil); herbs, low shrubs, and small trees; tall shrubs and sapling trees; intermediate trees; and big trees. The field assessments were conducted in deciduous and coniferous forests, shrublands, and grasslands. The dataset includes information on the fires that burned each area, plot locations and sample protocols, topographic characteristics, canopy characteristics, substrate and ground covers, pre- and post-burn estimates of vegetation in each stratum, estimates of the percentage of plot altered by stratum, CBI values calculated for each of the five strata, and a composite CBI value for the entire plot. Field photos at each location are included for perspective on the field conditions related to the CBI assessments.These data were collected to support the following major FIRESEV products: (1) a Severe Fire Potential Map (SFPM), which quantified the potential for fires to burn with high severity, should they occur, for any 30 meter (m) x 30 m piece of ground across the western United States (not including Alaska or Hawaii); (2) a fire severity mapping algorithm in the Wildland Fire Assessment Tool (WFAT), which was used to map predicted fire severity explicitly from fire effects simulation models (e.g., the First Order Fire Effects Model, the CONSUME model, and others) for real-time and planning wildfire applications; and (3) a suite of research studies, synthesis papers, and popular articles, which improved the description, interpretation, and mapping of fire severity for wildland fire managers. Our primary purpose for this sampling effort was to collect field data that could be used to assess the accuracy of the maps produced to quantify the probability of severe fires for the western US. In addition, data were collected to analyze the degree to which various measures of burn severity interpreted from satellite imagery (NBR, dNBR, RdNBR) correlated with field indicators of burn severity collected one year post-fire. We sought to assess measures in the field and remotely that related to three different axes of burn severity used in this project. These included 1) soil heating, 2) surface fuel consumption, and 3) change in vegetation cover and mortality. The CBI values comprising this collection were used in each of these products, either directly or indirectly, to compare on-site changes in vegetation, canopy structure, and soil characteristics with fire severity interpretations and assessments derived from satellite imagery. All of the products were based either directly or indirectly on the CBI dataset in this archive.Original metadata date was 11\/19\/2013. Minor metadata updates on 12\/15\/2016.","keyword":["biota","geoscientificInformation","Fire","Fire suppression, pre-suppression","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Assessments","fire severity","burn severity","composite burn index","fuels","fuel consumption","soil alteration","fire effects","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","North America","western United States"],"spatial":"-123.3612917,31.97096634,-104.5033995,48.2181857","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0017","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0017","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-15"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Capture history and handling times for \"Netguns: a technique for capturing Black-backed Woodpeckers\"","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0001","description":"This data publication includes capture history and handling times for Black-backed Woodpeckers (Picoides articus) between September 2008 and June 2011 in the Black Hills of South Dakota. Study sites chosen were forests impacted recently by fire or mountian pine beetle infestations. Seventy-five Black-backed Woodpeckers were captured using Coda or carbon dioxide powered netguns, and 26 of those birds were recaptured. Of these 101 captures, 85% occurred during the nonbreeding season. Data include measurements such as capture date, stage of life and gender of bird, coordinates of capture, whether or not the bird was a recapture, and the length of handling time.Evaluate the effectiveness of netguns for capturing Black-backed Woodpeckers as well as mortality risks associated with two netgun capture techniques. These data are directly associated with the publication \"Netguns: a technique for capturing Black-backed Woodpeckers\" listed in the Cross-Reference section.\n\t  \nOriginal metadata date was 01\/16\/2014. Minor metadata updates on 12\/09\/2016.","keyword":["Black-backed Woodpecker","Picoides arcticus","netgun","capture success","capture technique","handling time","biota","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Birds","South Dakota","Black Hills"],"spatial":"-103.733333,43.683333,-103.4,44.216667","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0001","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0001","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-09"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Public and private forest ownership in the conterminous United States circa 2009: distribution of six ownership types - geospatial dataset","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0002","description":"This data publication contains raster data depicting the spatial distribution of forest ownership types in the conterminous United States circa 2009. The data are a modeled representation of forest land by ownership type, and include three types of public ownership: federal, state, and local, as well as three types of private: family (includes individuals and families), corporate, and other private (includes conservation and natural resource organizations, unincorporated partnerships and associations, and Native American tribal lands).The data are designed for strategic analyses at a national or regional scale which require spatially explicit information regarding the extent, distribution, and prevalence of the ownership types represented.  The data are not recommended for tactical analyses on a sub-regional scale, or for informing local management decisions. Furthermore, map accuracies vary considerably and thus the utility of these data can vary geographically under different ownership patterns.A corresponding Research Map (RMAP) has been produced to cartographically portray this dataset (Hewes et al. 2014).  \n\nAn associated data publication (Nelson et al. 2010) also protrays ownership types of the conterminous United States, but it primarily depicts National Forest and other public on the public side, and percent in corporate ownership on the private side. This new data publication depicts public (federal, state, and local) and private (family, corporate, and other private) ownership types.\n\nOriginal metadata date was 06\/11\/2014. Minor updates to one of the references that has now been published was done on 09\/05\/2014. Additional minor metadata updates completed on 12\/14\/2016 and 02\/06\/2017.\n\nOn 07\/23\/2020 a new version of these data became available (Sass et al. 2020) and on 09\/10\/2025 an even newer version was published (Harris et al. 2025).\n\nOn 03\/19\/2026, \"circa 2009\" was added to the title to help prevent confusion with related data publications along with a few minor updates to URLs, etc.","keyword":["forest ownership","forest land","non-forest","owner types","public","private","corporate","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Resource inventory","Environment and People","Impact of people on environment","boundaries","environment","planningCadastre","United States of America","lower 48","contiguous","conterminous","CONUS"],"spatial":"-124.732770,25.130501,-66.969271,49.371730","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0002","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0002","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2026-03-19"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Overstory tree and regeneration data from the \"Management Intensity Demonstration\" study at Penobscot Experimental Forest","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0003","description":"This data publication contains overstory and sapling tree measurements, seedling stocking tallies, and permanent sample plot location data collected from 1950 to 2011 at the Penobscot Experimental Forest in Maine. These data were collected under the working plan: RS-NE \"Cutting Practice Level Plots: Penobscot Experimental Forest\" and later revisions (see Methodology citation section). This study provides data for four different management regimes: selection cutting on 5-year (\"high-order\") and 15-year (\"good\") cycles, fixed diameter-limit cutting on a 15-year cycle (\"fair\"), and unregulated harvest (\"poor\") which is also called commercial clearcutting.The primary objective of the management intensity demonstration (MID) study is to provide a publicly accessible comparsion of long-term consequences of the four different management regimes, originally referred to as \"Cutting Practice Levels (CPLs)\". These management units served as a pilot for larger-scale silvicultural studies that have since been established; their accompanying records provide data on growth and development over more than 60 years of management.A number of revisions have been made to this long-term study over time, including but not limited to changes in silvicultural prescriptions (e.g., target residual basal areas and tree size thresholds for removals), sampling protocols (e.g., numbers and sizes of plots, tree species and condition codes, and measurements), and response variables (e.g., overstory tree attributes, regeneration, and recruited deadwood).  We strongly recommend that users read the working plan and accompanying documentation provided with the full data publication download before proceeding with data summary or analysis.\n\nOriginal metadata date was 03\/06\/2014. Minor updates on 04\/17\/2014.\n\nMinor metadata updates on 12\/09\/2016.","keyword":["biota","Forest Products","Forest products industry","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Assessments","Natural Resource Management & Use","Conservation","Forest management","Restoration","Timber","silviculture","species composition","forest management","forest stand dynamics","tree regeneration","tree and stand growth","cutting practice levels","EFR","Experimental Forest","balsam fir","red spruce","woody plants","Penobscot Experimental Forest","Maine"],"spatial":"-68.628,44.852,-68.621,44.857","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0003","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0003","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-09"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Campsite condition data for the Salmon River in the Frank Church-River of No Return Wilderness","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0004","description":"This data publication includes conditions of campsites used by boaters along the Middle Fork and Main Salmon Rivers in the Frank Church-River of No Return Wilderness, Idaho. Campsite conditions were first monitored between 1995 and 1996, and again from 2001 to 2004, and then 2008 to 2009. Overall, 13 campsites and 4 control sites were assessed on the Main Salmon River, and 11 campsites and 6 controls sites were assessed on the Middle Fork Salmon River. Data include basic campsite measurements such as condition class, vegetation type of the camp area and satellite area, number of trees and level of tree damage, number of fire rings, information on the number and condition of nearby trails, and other standard campsite data.The purpose of this study is to assess ecological impacts associated with recreational use of campsites by boaters over the course of several years.These data were originally made available on the Aldo Leopold Wilderness Research Institute site.\n\nOriginal metadata date was 03\/12\/2014. Minor metadata updates on 12\/12\/2016.","keyword":["campsite impact","recreation management","campsite","condition","biota","environment","Environment and People","Impact of people on environment","Recreation","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Main Salmon River","Middle Fork Salmon River","Frank Church-River of No Return Wilderness","Idaho"],"spatial":"-115.8,44.6,-114.6,45.6","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0004","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0004","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-12"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Campsite condition data for the Superstition Wilderness","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0005","description":"Between November 2005 and March 2007, a Rapid Site Inventory (RSI) was performed on 459 campsites in the Superstition Wilderness Area of the Tonto National Forest in Arizona. This assessment of 90-95% of the campsites in this wilderness was a quick site inventory including primarily presence\/absence response variables. Data include standard campsite characteristics such as location, size, dominant vegetation, ground cover, presence of water, visibility of management actions, and proximity to other features (springs, trails, etc.). Other measurements include presence of litter and waste, quantity and size of human disturbance to soils\/rocks\/vegetation, campfire size and quantity, dead and down fuel size and quantity, damage to shrubs, vandalism, livestock impacts, equestrian impacts, presence of artifacts or rock art, and other recreational impact data.\n\nIn addition to the RSI, an extreme RSI was also completed on each site, which included a rating for groundcover disturbance, tree damage, and size of disturbed area. This was done to be consistent with the USDA Forest Service's Minimum Protocol for campsite monitoring.The purpose of this study was to conduct a Rapid Site Inventory (RSI) of impacts due to camping in the Superstition Wilderness Area of the Tonto National Forest. This included the need to: assess all recreation nodes within the Superstition Wilderness using indicators agreed upon by the Forest Service; document recreation nodes within the Superstition Wilderness with GPS coordinates and digital images; determine the impact of campfires on cactus and the presence of campfire fuel in the Upland Desert zones; assess compatibility between the RSI and the Extreme RSI (as developed by David Cole); and to make recommendations related to future directions for assessing campsite condition and changes.These data were originally made available on the Aldo Leopold Wilderness Research Institute site.\n\nOriginal metadata date was 03\/13\/2014. Minor metadata updates on 12\/12\/2016 and 07\/25\/2019.","keyword":["biota","environment","Environment and People","Impact of people on environment","Recreation","Forest & Plant Health","Human effects","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Assessments","Monitoring","Natural Resource Management & Use","Wilderness","campsite impact","recreation management","campsite","condition","Tonto National Forest","Mesa Ranger District","Superstition Wilderness","Arizona"],"spatial":"-111.4,33.6,-111.1,33.4","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0005","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0005","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2019-07-25"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Campsite condition data for the San Rafael Wilderness","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0006","description":"Campsites within the central portion of the San Rafael Wilderness of California were assessed over a 9 day period in April 1999. All but one of 22 semi-developed camping areas were visited. These camping areas consist of one or several long-established campsites, with stoves, and are located on maps of the area. In addition, informal user-created campsites were located and assessed in other places that appeared amenable to camping. A total of 91 campsites were located and briefly assessed, 30 of which were within the 21 camping areas that were visited. The other 61 sites were informal campsites. This probably represents at least 75% of all campsites in the San Rafael Wilderness. This data publication contains data for the 50 campsites that showed permanent damage, such as vegetation loss. These sites underwent a rapid assessment which included the following basic campsite measurements: condition class, vegetation type, soils, dominant species, landform, distance to trail, distance to water, number of fire rings, tree damage, number of fire scars, number of nearby trails, and other standard campsite data. Within 19 of the 21 semi-developed camping areas that were visited, a single campsite was chosen for a detailed assessment which included collecting the following data: tree scars, exposed roots, vegetation and soil coverage, and soil penetration. Similar data were collected for comparable control sites.These data were collected for the purposes of assessing campsite conditions at the time and for future studies. Prior to 1999, no baseline data on campsite conditions was available for the almost 200,000 acre San Rafael Wilderness.These data were originally made available on the Aldo Leopold Wilderness Research Institute site.\n\nOriginal metadata date was 03\/21\/2014. Minor metadata updates on 12\/12\/2016.","keyword":["biota","environment","Environment and People","Impact of people on environment","Recreation","Forest & Plant Health","Human effects","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Assessments","Natural Resource Management & Use","Wilderness","campsite impact","recreation management","campsite","condition","San Rafael Wilderness","Upper Sisquoc River","Manzana Creek","California"],"spatial":"-120.00,34.7,-119.7,34.9","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0006","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0006","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-12"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"National river recreation study data: a nationwide survey of river recreation use from 1977-1984","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0007","description":"This data publication contains data collected as part of the National River Recreation Study (NRRS), which was a program of long-term research on river recreationists nationwide. The North Central Forest Experiment Station, USDA Forest Service, St. Paul, Minnesota (NCFES) conducted the overall study between 1977 and 1984. Both onsite interviews and mail back surveys were used to collect data, which included recreationist responses from over 69 surveys that took place in 23 states across the United States on 57 different river segments. Participants were asked questions about river usage (how often visited, type of watercraft used, etc.), opinions of location (erosion of stream banks, litter on banks, too many homes along river, etc.), changes people might like to see (more parking at access points, post signs warning of hazard, etc.), why they visit the location, and potential damage found or conflicts with other visitors.The primary goal of the National River Recreation Study was to describe characteristics and preferences of recreational users for a variety of rivers using standardized measurement instruments. A secondary goal was to describe the nation's spectrum of river recreation opportunities, and then to identify a set of rivers representative of that spectrum. The data set could then be used in future research to monitor change in the character of national river recreation use.\n\nThe target population of the overall NRRS was people who traveled on rivers or streams by raft, canoe, kayak, motorboat, inner tube, or some other conveyance. Stationary river recreationists such as fishermen, swimmers, shore users, and riparian landowners were not the focus of the study.This national river recreation study has been cited in many articles in the time since its initiation. The articles listed in the Cross-Reference section below are just a few examples of the many articles referencing this work.\n\nOriginal metadata date was 05\/08\/2014. Minor metadata updates on 12\/12\/2016.","keyword":["environment","inlandWaters","society","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Assessments","Monitoring","Natural Resource Management & Use","Water","Environment and People","Recreation","river recreation","survey","interviews","individual","group","standardized measurement","river recreation opportunities","preferences","resource damage","river recreation experiences","visitors","visitor surveys","river management problems","management actions","river recreation conflicts","Colorado River","Missouri River","Main Salmon River","Middle Fork Salmon River","Deschutes River","Mohican River","Apple River","Ocoee River","Hiwassee River","Nantahala River","Illinois River","Eleven Point River","North Fork River","Piney River","Cannon River","St. Croix River","Wolf River","Kings River","Stanislaus River","Salt River","Lower Salmon River","Carson River","Green Rio Grande River","Gulkana River","Delta River","New River","Delaware River","Housatonic River","Farmington River","Suasco River","Juniper Springs River","Blackwater River","Suwanee River","Ichetucknee River","Alexander Springs River","Indian River","Withlacoochee River","Owyhee River","North Platte River","Dolores River","Snake River","St. Croix River","Namekagon River","Guldena River","Denmark","Alaska","Arizona","California","Colorado","Connecticut","Florida","Idaho","Michigan","Missouri","Montana","North Carolina","New Mexico","Nevada","New York","Ohio","Oklahoma","Oregon","Tennessee","Texas","Utah","Wisconsin","West Virginia","Wyoming"],"spatial":"-124,25,-70,49","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0007","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0007","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-12"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Penobscot Experimental Forest boundary, roads, trails, management units, and permanent sample plot locations","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0008","description":"This data publication contains shapefiles for the Penobscot Experimental Forest (PEF) boundary as well as the roads and trails. It also contains the location of all USDA Forest Service management units (MUs) across the forest and the location of the permanent sample plots (PSPs, also continuous forest inventory plots, CFI) within the Compartment Management Study and Management Intensity Demonstration Study on the PEF.These data are useful in aiding users when paired with research data from the Penobscot Experimental Forest.Original metadata date was 04\/17\/2014. Minor metadata updates were made on 12\/12\/2016 and 06\/13\/2019.\n\t  \n**NOTE: This metadata document was again updated on 06\/26\/2020, when a second edition of these data (Kenefic et al. 2020, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0008-2) was published. This newer edition contains an update to the original shapefiles with some corrections and modifications to maintain consistency across the files. An additional shapefile is included that provides the location of other long-term USDA Forest Service experiments on the PEF. We recommend use of this newer edition.","keyword":["boundaries","location","transportation","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","Wilderness","silviculture","Penobscot Experimental Forest","Maine"],"spatial":"-68.6443,44.8269,-68.5862,44.8726","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0008","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0008","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2020-06-26"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Wildlife population and harvest data for Forest Service 2010 RPA assessment","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0009","description":"The data documents trends in the populations and harvests of wildlife species across the United States, from 1955 to 2010, as one set of resource condition indicators as required by the Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act (RPA) of 1974. Data from a variety of sources were used to document recent historical trends in big game, small game, migratory game birds, furbearers, nongame, and imperiled species. Additionally, data reflect statistical models that related forest bird richness to human alteration of landscapes to forecast the likely response of forest birds to projected changes in land use and housing development over the next 50 years as reflected in three alternative future scenarios.In fulfillment of the Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act of 1974, the USDA Forest Service periodically assesses the condition and trends of the Nation's renewable resources. These data are in support of the Wildlife portion of the Assessment.This data publication contains the figures and data associated with Flather et al. (2013). Original metadata date was 05\/08\/2014. Minor metadata updates on 05\/29\/2014.\n\nMinor metadata updates on 12\/12\/2016 and 02\/27\/2023.","keyword":["biota","boundaries","planningCadastre","society","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Animal ecology","Environment and People","Impact of people on environment","Forest & Plant Health","Human effects","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Assessments","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Amphibians","Birds","Fish","Invertebrates","Mammals","Reptiles","RPA Assessment","Resources Planning Act Assessment","wildlife","imperiled species","threatened species","endangered species","at-risk species","population","harvest","big game","small game","upland game birds","migratory game birds","ducks","geese","swans","mourning dove","woodcock","furbearers","nongame species","breeding birds","amphibians","bats","United States","RPA North Region","RPA South Region","RPA Rocky Mountain Region","RPA Pacific Coast Region"],"spatial":"-170,18,-65.00000,70","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0009","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0009","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-02-27"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Social conditions and visitor flow data for the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0010","description":"Social conditions and visitor flows on the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness (BWCAW) on the Superior National Forest in northeastern Minnesota were monitored during the seasons of greatest visitor use (May-September) in 2010 and 2011. In 2010, four spatially defined areas within BWCAW were observed by technicians and both the number of encounters and typical visitor behavior were approximated. During the day travel encounters on the water were observed, and in the early mornings and evenings both campsite encounters and occupancy conditions were recorded. The qualities of other relevant variables were also measured such as weather and aircraft over-flights. In 2011 all trip leaders of permitted overnight boating trips into the BWCAW were contacted and invited to complete an online or hard copy survey reporting their trip itinerary such as lakes visited, length of stay, and party size as well as other variables related to their wilderness trip such as number and type of watercraft used.The purpose of the 2010 data collection was to gather data about wilderness visitor encounters in four areas of the BWCAW. Efforts in 2011 were intended to gather data about BWCAW visitor travel patterns throughout the wilderness and use these data to parameterize a computer simulation model of visitor travel patterns to be used as a tool by wilderness managers to aid in resource management decisions.\n\nIn general, there was a need to assess the impacts of visitor use of the BWCAW, define \"crowding\" and how that affects visitor attitudes when seeing other visitors and how it affects their wilderness experience. Determine visitor trends and how they are likely to change, and in addition determine whether \"destination\" type trips will continue to increase and if so, what are the likely consequences on travel zones?Original metadata date was 06\/19\/2014. Minor metadata updates on 12\/13\/2016. On 05\/12\/2020 the BWCAW technical report associated with these data was replaced with the final version of the report, and other minor metadata updates.\n\n**NOTE: In May 2020 a second edition of these data became available (Douglas et al. 2020, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0010-2). We recommend use of this newer edition which adds a BWCAW VisSim 3.0 Travel Simulation Model, which uses visitor flow census data collected in the second phase of the project to simulate travel patterns across the BWCAW.","keyword":["social conditions","visitor flows","management","visitor monitoring","limits of acceptable change","LAC","planning","boundaries","environment","inlandWaters","location","society","transportation","Environment and People","Recreation","Natural Resource Management & Use","Wilderness","Minnesota","Superior National Forest","Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness"],"spatial":"-93.2,47.3,-89.50,48.7","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0010","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0010","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2020-05-12"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Fuel moisture extraction data measured to compare chainsaw and handsaw methods","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0011","description":"This data publication contains data used in an evaluation of the effects of two common methods to collect fuel moisture content samples between November 2004 and June 2005. A chainsaw or a handheld pruning saw cut 1 inch thick disks from 3 inch lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) posts which were either wet (39 percent moisture content) or dry (15 percent moisture content). The cutting method was randomly assigned to a post and six disks were cut from each of five posts on three days resulting in a total of 90 disks (6 x 5 x 3) for each fuel moisture\/cutting method combination for a total of 360 samples.  Disks were oven-dried at 95 degrees Celsius in a forced air convection oven to determine oven-dry moisture content. Data include sample wet weight, sample ovendry weight, and calculated moisture content.These data were collected as part of a study to determine the effect of chainsaw versus hand saw cutting to extract fuel moisture sample from lodgepole pine posts.\n\nOriginal metadata date was 05\/14\/2014. Minor metadata updates on 12\/13\/2016 and 02\/03\/2017. Minor additional metadata updates were made on 04\/27\/2026 along with a correction to author middle initials for Bonni.","keyword":["fuel moisture","chainsaw","handsaw","biota","Natural Resource Management & Use","Timber","Fire","Prescribed fire","Fire suppression, pre-suppression","Western North America","Western United States","Western Canada","Alaska","Washington","Oregon","Idaho","Montana","California","Wyoming","Utah","Colorado"],"spatial":"-164,33.0,-100,74.0","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0011","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0011","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2026-04-27"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Wildland fire emission factors database","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0012","description":"Smoke emission factors (EFs) have been developed for a variety of wildland fuels beginning in the late 1960s. Many of these EFs have been presented in a variety of outlets and there is no centralized repository containing many of the EFs developed in the 1970s and 1980s. This data publication contains a compilation of emission factors for a variety of smoke components which have been presented in refereed as well as gray literature (literature that has not been published commercially or is not generally accessible) from the late 1960s through 2011. Included in this data publication is a list of all smoke emissions related literature found during this same time period (including part of 2012), and any that were funded by the USDA Forest Service are included in the data publication download.This data publication was created to provide a simple tool that can be used to locate potential emission factors of interest to the user. Sorting by fuel type, region, and fire type are possible.\n\nOriginal metadata date was 05\/22\/2014. Minor metadata updates on 12\/13\/2016.","keyword":["prescribed burning","emissions","particulates","trace gases","biota","Fire","Prescribed fire","Smoke","United States","Alaska","Arizona","California","Georgia","Florida","Idaho","Louisiana","Minnesota","Mississippi","Montana","North Carolina","Nevada","Oregon","South Carolina","Texas","Utah","Washington","British Columbia (Canada)","Ontario (Canada)"],"spatial":"-148,65,-70,26","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0012","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0012","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-13"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Forest canopy disturbance geospatial data for Lake Michigan basin, USA, 1985-2008","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0013","description":"Recent and previous disturbance of forest canopy, persisting forest cover, persisting nonforest, and water were mapped within Lake Michigan basin, USA, 1985-2008. Landsat time series stacks and a regionally optimized vegetation change tracker algorithm were used for modeling a 30-meter spatial resolution dataset with a minimum mapping unit of 4 pixels (0.88 acres).The dataset was designed and produced to support Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (GLRI) assessments of water quality. Possible additional purposes include, but are not limited to: monitoring areal forest change across time, forest succession monitoring, forest fragmentation monitoring, and land management planning at a scale of 1:24000 scale or coarser.A corresponding Research Map cartographically portrays this dataset. A companion dataset and map have been produced for Lake Superior basin, USA and Canada. See references below.\n\nOriginal metadata date was 08\/01\/2014. Minor metadata updates on 12\/13\/2016 and 10\/03\/2019.","keyword":["forest canopy disturbance","disturbance mapping","change detection","vegetation change tracker","VCTw","Landsat time series stack","map","biota","imageryBaseMapsEarthCover","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Geography","Michigan","Wisconsin","Indiana","Illinois","Great Lakes","Lake Michigan","United States"],"spatial":"-90.33140,40.84681,-83.00524,47.1042","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0013","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0013","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2019-10-03"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Forest canopy disturbance geospatial data for Lake Superior basin, USA, 1985-2008","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0014","description":"Recent and previous disturbance of forest canopy, persisting forest cover, persisting nonforest, and water were mapped within Lake Superior basin, USA, 1985-2008. Landsat Time Series Stacks and a regionally optimized vegetation change tracker algorithm were used for modeling a 30-meter spatial resolution dataset with a minimum mapping unit of 4 pixels (0.88 acres).The dataset was designed and produced to support GLRI assessments of water quality. Possible additional purposes include, but are not limited to: monitoring areal forest change across time, forest succession monitoring, forest fragmentation monitoring, and land management planning at a scale of 1:24000 scale or coarser.A corresponding Research Map cartographically portrays this dataset. A companion dataset and map have been produced for Lake Michigan basin, USA. See references below.\n\nOriginal metadata date was 08\/01\/2014. Minor metadata updates on 12\/13\/2016 and 10\/03\/2019.","keyword":["forest canopy disturbance","disturbance mapping","change detection","vegetation change tracker","VCTw","Landsat time series stack","map","biota","imageryBaseMapsEarthCover","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Geography","Michigan","Wisconsin","Indiana","Illinois","Great Lakes","Lake Superior","Canada","United States"],"spatial":"-93.84439,45.40681,-82.37224,51.25080","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0014","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0014","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2019-10-03"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"RxCADRE 2012: Airborne measurements of smoke emission and dispersion from prescribed fires","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0015","description":"The Prescribed Fire Combustion and Atmospheric Dynamics Research Experiment (RxCADRE) was designed to collect atmospheric, fuels, fire behavior, energy balance, emissions, and fire effects data to advance fire models and further our understanding of smoke emissions. This dataset covers 3 operational prescribed fires ignited at Eglin Air Force Base in 2012 as part of the RxCADRE research project. The fires were 2 grass fires, named L1G and L2G, and 1 sub-forest-canopy surface fire, named L2F. This data publication contains smoke emissions and dispersion measurements for the RxCADRE burns L1G, L2G, and L2F, which were conducted on November 4, 10, and 11 of 2012, respectively. The data consists of continuous (2 second) concentration measurements of the smoke constituents: CO2, CO, CH4, and water vapor. The measurements were taken from an airborne platform before, during, and after the fires between elevations of 140 and 2860 meters above mean sea level and at distances of 0 to 25 kilometers from the burn units.Air quality regulators, land managers, and atmospheric scientists all rely on smoke emission and atmospheric chemistry modeling systems to predict, evaluate, and manage the impact of fire emissions on air quality and atmospheric composition. There is an urgent need to quantitatively characterize the uncertainties, biases, and application limits of smoke modeling systems and to develop improved systems for air regulators, land managers, and air quality forecasters. Accurately describing and predicting the dynamics of smoke plumes and subsequent smoke transport is a major uncertainty in determining the impact of fire emissions on air quality. This dataset provides measurements for the evaluation and development of smoke emission and dispersion models.A short summary of the RxCADRE project can be found in the full data publication download (\\Supplements\\RxCADRE_Project_Overview.pdf).\n\nOriginal metadata date was 06\/12\/2014. Minor metadata updates on 12\/13\/2016.","keyword":["climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","environment","Fire","Prescribed fire","Smoke","smoke dispersion","biomass burning","greenhouse gases","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","Eglin Air Force Base","Florida"],"spatial":"-87.7,30.47,-86.6,30.69","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0015","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0015","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-13"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Biological reserves of the US Federal Protection Network (IUCN categories I-IV) and PCA loadings used to characterize the climate space of the conterminous United States","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0016","description":"This data publication contains a map of biological reserves, in the conterminous United States (US), larger than 500 hectares managed by four US federal agencies: Bureau of Land Management (BLM), Fishand Wildlife Service (FWS), Forest Service (FS), and National Parks Service (NPS). Within such US Federal Protection Network, only federal areas in conservation classifications corresponding to The World Conservation Union categories I to IV (IUCN 1994) are included. These categories include designated, candidate, and officially recommended wilderness areas; forest reserves; natural areas and landmarks; wildlife refuges; cooperative management and protection areas; and national parks, preserves, monuments, and conservation areas. This data publication also includes maps of the loadings of the first three axes of the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) used to characterize the climate space of the conterminous United States of America (CONUS). The PCA was performed using climate variables depicting annual and seasonal trends in temperature, precipitation, moisture index, relative humidity, as well as growing degree days and growing season length.These data were used within a quantitative classification that stratified the climatic variability of the conterminous United States to (a) evaluate the characteristics and rarity of the climate in federally managed areas, (b) determine cases where climate is not well represented by the network of protected federal land (i.e., a climate gap analysis).Original metadata date was 06\/24\/2014. Minor metadata updates were made on 12\/13\/2016 and 12\/11\/2024.","keyword":["Federal Protection Network","Principal Component Analysis","PCA","loadings","boundaries","society","Natural Resource Management & Use","Wilderness","Environment and People","Recreation","United States"],"spatial":"-125,24,-67,50","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0016","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0016","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-12-11"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Field measurements of ground, surface, ladder, and crown fuels  2-32 years following Dendroctonus ponderosae epidemics in the Pinus contorta zone of south-central Oregon","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0017","description":"Mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae, MPB), a bark beetle native to the western North America, has caused vast areas of tree mortality over the last several decades. The majority of this mortality has been in lodgepole pine forests (Pinus contorta) and has heightened concerns over the potential for extreme fire behavior across large landscapes as forest structure and fuels are altered following these MPB epidemics. Although considerable research is emerging concerning the influence of MPB on forest fuels, there has been little work completed previously in the climax lodgepole pine forests of south-central Oregon. Potentially important ecological differences exist as compared to other lodgepole pine systems (e.g. Rocky Mountain lodgepole pine systems). This data publication contains the data collected to assess these differences. Specifically, we measured changes in forest structure and canopy, surface, and ground fuels across a chronosequence of time since mountain pine beetle (TSB) epidemics in south-central Oregon. This data publication contains data collected from 219 randomly located plots representing 19 separate years of mountain pine beetle epidemic initiation during the period 1978-2009. The data were collected during the summers of 2010 and 2011, resulting in a fuels succession chronosequence from 2 to 32 years after a mountain pine beetle epidemic.The data were collected to assess changes in forest structure, canopy, surface, and ground fuels, and potential fire behavior 2-32 years after mountain pine beetle epidemics in the Deschutes, Fremont, and Winema National Forests in south-central Oregon.Original metadata date was 07\/03\/2014. Minor metadata updates on 12\/13\/2016.","keyword":["vegetation","trees","mountain pine beetle","lodgepole pine","fuels","fire behavior","chronosequence","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","biota","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Fire","Fire ecology","Forest & Plant Health","Oregon","central Oregon pumice plain","Cascade Mountains","Deschutes National Forest","Fremont National Forest","Winema National Forest"],"spatial":"-121.995,42.322,-120.590,44.202","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0017","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0017","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-13"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Tree density, size, and composition data for mixed-conifer forest in the Deschutes and Ochoco National Forests","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0018","description":"This data publication contains 171 site samples of tree density measurements recorded in mixed-conifer forests of central Oregon in the Deschutes and Ochoco National Forests collected in the summers of 2009 and 2010. Density measurements are available for three common species and all other species: 1) grand and white fir; 2) ponderosa pine; 3) Douglas-fir; and 4) all species not including grand fir, white fir, ponderosa pine or Douglas-fir. Data are also available in four diameter at breast height classes: 10-29.9 centimeters (cm), 30-49.9 cm, 50-69.9 cm, and >70 cm.These data were collected to describe and identify current structure and composition of mixed-conifer forests and successional trajectories following fire exclusion and logging.Original data are currently archived with Andrew Merschel at Oregon State University:\n 321 Richardson Hall\n3200 SW Jefferson Way\nCorvallis, OR, USA\n97333\n\n\nOriginal metadata date was 12\/01\/2014. Minor metadata updates on 12\/13\/2016 and 02\/03\/2017.","keyword":["mixed-conifer forest","stand structure","ponderosa pine","grand fir","Douglas-fir","white fir","Plant ecology","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Forest & Plant Health","Botany","biota","environment","Oregon","Ochoco National Forest","Deschutes National Forest"],"spatial":"-121.966,43.309,-114.048,44.976","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0018","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0018","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2017-02-03"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Southern pine defoliation growth response data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0019","description":"This data publication contains data associated with two studies examining the effects of simulated crown scorch to the survival and growth of southern pine. Studies were done at six plantations located in South Carolina (Aiken and Branchville), Georgia (Bainbridge and Waycross), and Florida (Palatka). Data consists of tree height and diameter at breast height (dbh) measurements for 600 plantation-grown slash pine and 600 plantation-grown loblolly pine between 1986 and 1999 after varying degrees of manual defoliation (0, 33, 66, 95, or 100 percent) were applied during different seasons. The number of annual grown flushes was also recorded on two different occasions.  The data also include dbh and tree height measurements, from 1993 to 2012, for 450 plantation-grown longleaf pine after varying degrees of manual defoliation (0, 95, or 100 percent) during the fall and early winter.The purpose of the initial defoliation study was to determine the survival and growth responses of slash pine and loblolly pine to differing degrees of manual defoliation (0, 33, 66, 95, or 100 percent) to simulate the effects of foliage loss from crown scorch during prescribed fires.  A second study of longleaf pine seedlings was done to determine the response to manual defoliation (0, 95, or 100 percent) late in the growing season.Original metadata and publication date was 08\/13\/2014. Diameter and height measurements from 1999 were added to the data on 09\/16\/2014, along with minor metadata updates.\n\nMinor metadata updates on 12\/13\/2016.","keyword":["Pinus taeda","Pinus elliottii","Pinus palustris","defoliation","dbh","total height","volume","mortality","plantation","forestry","biota","economy","environment","farming","Forest & Plant Health","Botany","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Plant ecology","Fire","Prescribed fire","Fire ecology","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","Aiken","Branchville","Bainbridge","Waycross","Palatka","Georgia","Florida","South Carolina"],"spatial":"-84.576,29.648,-80.818,33.285","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0019","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0019","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-13"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Field measurements of Arceuthobium americanum effects on forest structure and fuels loadings 21-28 years following a Dendroctonus ponderosae epidemic in the Pinus contorta zone of central Oregon","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0020","description":"This data publication documents the stand structure and canopy fuels loadings of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) stands 21-28 years after a mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) epidemic in the Deschutes National Forest, Oregon.  Measured stands covered a range of infection severity by lodgepole pine dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium americanum) from no dwarf mistletoe infection to severe dwarf mistletoe infection.  Overstory tree attributes were measured at 39 75x10-meter belt transects nested within 13 stands during the summer of 2012.  Tree attributes were used to calculate plot-level canopy fuels loadings.The data were collected to assess the effects of dwarf mistletoe on forest structure and fuels loadings in lodgepole pine stands 21-28 years after a mountain pine beetle epidemic in the Deschutes National Forest in central Oregon.Original metadata date was 09\/02\/2014. Minor metadata updates on 12\/13\/2016 and 09\/26\/2022.","keyword":["vegetation","trees","mountain pine beetle","lodgepole pine","dwarf mistletoe","fuels","fire","forest structure","forest health","biota","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Ecology","Forest & Plant Health","Insects","Oregon","central Oregon pumice plain","Cascade Mountains","Deschutes National Forest"],"spatial":"-121.976,43.907,-120.923,43.361","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0020","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0020","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-09-26"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"John Muir Wilderness and Sequoia-Kings Canyon National Parks Wilderness: 1990 visitor survey data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0021","description":"A long-term problem that confronted wilderness managers in the early 1990s, and continues today, is the displeasure hikers express about meeting recreational livestock (primarily horses and mules) and seeing impacts of stock use. This data set contains the responses from a visitor survey of 891 participants who spent time in Sequoia-Kings Canyon National Parks Wilderness or John Muir Wilderness during 1990. Participants were a mix of hikers and stock users, and much of the information gathered was in regard to hiker\/stock user interaction and preference.The purpose of this data was to help predict, measure, and manage conflict between hikers and stock users spending time in these particular Wilderness areas. The data assisted managers and scientists to better understand the differences and similarities between wilderness hikers and stock users, and the role these characteristics play in the conflict reported between the two groups.Original metadata date was 09\/18\/2014. Minor metadata updates on 12\/13\/2016 and 04\/23\/2019.","keyword":["stock users","hikers","user conflict","wilderness experience","recreation","ALWRI","Aldo Leopold Wilderness Research Institute","biota","economy","environment","society","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Environment and People","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Natural Resource Management & Use","California","Sequoia-Kings Canyon Wilderness","John Muir Wilderness","Sequoia National Park","Kings Canyon National Park","SEKI","Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks"],"spatial":"118.600000,36.10000,118.1400000,37.140000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0021","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0021","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2019-04-23"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Witness trees of the Monongahela National Forest: 1752-1899","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0022","description":"This data publication contains a shapefile of points created from 1930s maps of the first land grants within the Monongahela National Forest (MNF) proclamation boundary. Corner or witness trees are those trees listed in a land survey to describe the survey corner for future re-establishment of the corner or property line. Witness trees listed in the deeds were added as attributes to the digital point locations. Deed dates range from 1752 to 1899. If no trees were listed in the deed to witness the corner, the corner was created in the point file, but no species was assigned. The deeds and surveys were created under the metes and bounds method of land survey common in the colonial era. The entire area was not surveyed in any systematic method as is found in the Western United States so there are areas of the MNF with no witness trees. Also included are the scanned images of the maps used to create the database of corner points. Each map covers a portion of the Monongahela National Forest, WV and includes latitude and longitude reference lines. On each map are the individual parcels of land drawn by draftsmen in the 1930s from the original deeds or grants. With each tract is the name of the grantee, the data of the deed or grant, the size of the tract of land (in acres), and a unique identification number that references the deed\/grant from which the sketch was made. This data publication also includes two location maps (north and south) showing the location and area covered by the individual map sheets.  The base map is a 1936 map of the Monongahela National Forest, WV produced by the USDA Forest Service.This database was developed to help characterize the forest at the time of European settlement.Original metadata date was 10\/09\/2014. Scanned images of the maps used to create the database of corner points were added on 09\/15\/2016 along with a few minor metadata updates.\n\nMinor metadata updates on 12\/13\/2016 and 09\/16\/2024 (which included URL updates for related articles).","keyword":["boundaries","location","society","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Geography","Landscape ecology","Environment and People","History","European settlement","witness trees","forest composition","Monongahela National Forest","West Virginia"],"spatial":"-80.671458,37.803762,-79.147721,39.298912","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0022","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0022","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-09-16"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Forest structure and tree ring widths from the Fire and Fire Surrogate Study - Blodgett Forest Site","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0023","description":"This data publication contains tree density and biomass, shrub cover, and tree ring widths measured at the Blodgett Forest Research Station in the northern Sierra Nevada in California between 2001 and 2009. Plot treatments included mechanical, fire, mechanical followed by prescribed fire, and a control. Both pre- and post-treatment data are included. Specifically, the following plot-level data are included: 1) pre- and post-treatment (3 and 7 year) live tree density (in four size classes); 2) pre- and post-treatment (3 and 7 year) live tree biomass; 3) post-treatment (7 year) shrub cover; and 4) post-treatment (7 year) large snag. Tree ring widths from increment cores collected at each plot are also included.These data were collected to investigate the effects of fuel and restoration treatments on potential fire hazard, forest structure, and forest health. The treatments studied were part of the National Fire and Fire Surrogate Study (see McIver et al. 2009).Original metadata date was 11\/14\/2014. Minor metadata updates on 07\/01\/2016, which included updating the citation information for the associated journal article (Collins et al. 2014).\n\nMinor metadata updates on 12\/14\/2016.","keyword":["biota","environment","Natural Resource Management and Use","Forest management","mixed-conifer forest","fuel treatments","prescribed fire","sugar pine","Pinus lambertiana","ponderosa pine","Pinus ponderosa","white fir","Abies concolor","incense-cedar","Calocedrus decurrens","Douglas-fir","Pseudotsuga menziesii","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","Sierra Nevada","California","Blodgett Forest Site"],"spatial":"-120.67929,38.86587,-120.64012,38.92674","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0023","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0023","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-14"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks (SEKI) Wilderness: 2011 visitor survey data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0024","description":"This data publication contains data from a 2011 quantitative study on Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks, in California, on wilderness user perceptions of existing wilderness quality and existing management practices and facilities. Data include individual visitor and group demographics, frequency of visits, and trip characteristics such as: activities, use of technology, length of trip, size of group, type of fuel used, and method of deterring negative bear-human interaction.The National Park Service will use information from this survey to help make the Wilderness Stewardship Plan responsive to legislative and policy guidelines as well as acknowledging a changing client base of American citizens and foreign visitors.  Information from this survey will be used to determine how users feel about administrative facilities such as ranger stations, crew camps, and radio repeaters; user support facilities such as food storage lockers, bridges, and signs; research support facilities such as wells, plot markers, weirs and snow pillows; trail quality; hand held technology use, and short term manipulations of conditions to achieve long-term naturalness goals.\n\nData from this survey will also be used to determine how different kinds of visitors (e.g. overnight users, hikers, stock users) feel about the level of isolation and immersion in nature they perceive, how they evaluate encounters with others and how they evaluate visitor impacts and management actions taken to control those impacts; how different kinds of users define the most important elements of the wilderness environment and social conditions, such as naturalness, wildness, challenge, self-reliance, crowding and aesthetics; and how current visitor use characteristics, attitudes and use patterns differ from those observed in the past and at other places.Original metadata date was 10\/30\/2014. Minor metadata updates on 12\/14\/2016.","keyword":["quantitative visitor survey","wilderness quality","wilderness management","economy","environment","biota","transportation","society","Environment and People","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Natural Resource Management & Use","Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks","SEKI","Sequoia National Park","Kings Canyon National Park","California"],"spatial":"118.6000,36.1000,118.140000,37.14000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0024","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0024","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-14"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Forest stand age map of Canada (2004) and the United States (2006)","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0025","description":"This data publication contains the first continental forest stand age map of North America by combining forest inventory data, historical fire data, optical satellite data and the dataset from NASA's Landsat Ecosystem Disturbance Adaptive Processing System (LEDAPS) project. Raster maps represent 2006 stand age at 1 kilometer resolution for Alaska, the conterminous United States, and each forest region. There is also a 2004 stand age map for Canada. A companion map of the standard deviations for age estimates, developed for quantifying uncertainty, is also included.The forest stand age data can be used in large-scale carbon modeling, both for land-based biogeochemistry models and atmosphere-based inversion models, in order to improve the spatial accuracy of carbon cycle simulations.Original metadata date was 10\/28\/2014. Minor metadata updates on 12\/14\/2016 and 07\/25\/2019.","keyword":["forest stand age","stand age","FIA plot data","LEDAPS","biota","environment","geoscientificInformation","imageryBaseMapsEarthCover","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Plant ecology","North America","Canada","United States"],"spatial":"-180,6.048530,180,90","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0025","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0025","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2019-07-25"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Tenderfoot Creek Research Project seedling, sapling and variable radius plot tree data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0026","description":"This data publication contains seedling density, sapling density and variable plot radius tree data associated with the Tenderfoot Creek Research Project sampled between 1997 and 2007. Experimental shelterwood harvests combined with prescribed burning were implemented in the Tenderfoot Creek Experimental Forest between 1999 and 2003. These data contain pre- and post-treatment data. Post-treatment sampling occurred three-, four-, and in some cases seven-years after thinning and burning treatments. In addition to seedling and sapling densities, tree data include height, bole diameter, damage, vigor, condition (live or dead), crown position and crown depth. Species measured include lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta), subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa), Engelmann spruce (Tsuga engelmannii) and whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis).The Tenderfoot Creek Experimental Forest was established in 1961 as an experimental watershed in a representative lodgepole pine forest typical of those east of the Continental Divide. Lodgepole pine forests cover approximately 50 million acres in the western US and is the third most extensive forest type in the American Rocky Mountains. The mixture of silviculture and prescribed burning treatments were designed to manage fuel loading and promote two-aged stand structures found commonly in lodgepole pine dominated forests in the Northern Rockies. Vegetation data were collected to quantify the effects of these treatments on stand structure and forest regeneration.Fuel loading, overstory tree mortality, and fire-related tree injury data were also collected as part of the Tenderfoot Research Project. See the Cross Reference section for access to these and other data collected at the Tenderfoot Creek Experimental Forest.\n\t  \nOriginal metadata date was 10\/29\/2014. Minor metadata updates on 03\/02\/2015.\n\nMinor metadata updates on 12\/14\/2016.","keyword":["seedling density","sapling density","lodgepole pine","subalpine fir","Engelmann spruce","whitebark pine","Pinus contorta","Abies lasiocarpa","Picea engelmannii","Pinus albicaulis","biota","environment","Ecology","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Botany","Forest & Plant Health","Forest management","Natural Resource Management & Use","Environment and People","Decision making, public involvement","Tenderfoot Creek Experimental Forest","Little Belt Mountains","Central Montana","Northern Rocky Mountains"],"spatial":"-110.95,46.88,-110.83,46.97","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0026","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0026","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-14"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Habitat use data for male ruffed grouse in the Black Hills National Forest","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0027","description":"Ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus) are native upland game birds and a management indicator species (MIS) for aspen (Populus tremuloides) in the Black Hills National Forest in South Dakota and Wyoming.  Drumming surveys were conducted in the spring of 2007 and 2008 to locate used and unused male ruffed grouse sites from which habitat characteristics were compared at increasing spatial scales of 200 meters (m), 400 m, 1600 m, and 4800 m. Data include ruffed grouse occupancy, canopy coverage percentages, stem densities, and patch sizes of aspen and ponderosa pine trees in 32 used and 32 unused sites.The objective of this study was to assess resource selection of male ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus) to identify the most appropriate scale to manage for aspen (Populas tremuloides) and ruffed grouse in the Black Hills.Original metadata date was 11\/14\/2014. Minor metadata updates on 12\/14\/2016.","keyword":["aspen","Bonasa umbellus","display areas","habitat use","Populus tremuloides","ruffed grouse","scale","biota","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Birds","Black Hills National Forest","South Dakota"],"spatial":"-104.70,44.79,-103.29,43.58","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0027","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0027","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-14"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"RxCADRE 2008, 2011, and 2012: Ground fuel measurements from prescribed fires","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0028","description":"The Prescribed Fire Combustion and Atmospheric Dynamics Research Experiment (RxCADRE) was designed to collect atmospheric, fuels, fire behavior, energy balance, emissions, and fire effects data to evaluate and advance fire models and further our understanding of fire science questions. This data publication contains fuel loading, fuel consumption, and fuel moisture content data for 28 sample units associated with 6 small replicate grass fires, 2 large operational grass fires, and 8 large operational forested fires conducted during 2008, 2011, and 2012 in longleaf pine (Pinus palustrus) ecosystems of the southeastern USA. The small replicate grass fires burned in 2012 were named S3, S4, S5, S7, S8, and S9. The two operational grass fires were named L1G (2012) and L2G (2012) and were burned in 2012.  The 8 operational forested units were named Dubignon East, North Boundary, Turkey Woods, 307B, and 608A (burned in 2008), 608A and 703 C (burned in 2011), and L2F (burned in 2012).  Pre- and post-fire loadings by fuelbed component in all 28 units were collected using a combination of line intersect inventory and clip plot methods. Fuel consumption was determined by subtracting the pre- and post-fire values.  Fuel moisture samples were collected, weighed and oven dried to determine fuel moisture content by fuelbed component immediately prior to ignition. This data publication also contains turkey oak fuel loading data collected in 2012 near L2G, S7, and S8, in order to assist the calibration of terrestrial LiDAR. Consumption of fuel during wildland fire is the basic process that leads to heat generation and emissions, driving fire behavior and accounting for fire effects such as smoke impacts on communities, carbon reallocation, tree mortality, and soil heating. To assist managers in planning for wildland fire, consumption studies of shrubs, forbs, grasses, woody fuel, litter, and duff in forests and rangelands have been conducted in temperate, tropical, and boreal regions of the world and offer data sets that include fuel characteristics, fuel moisture, fuel consumption, and environmental variables from both wildfires and prescribed fires. These data sets have been used to develop fuel consumption models in software systems in use today such as Consume. Although mainstays of fire effects modeling, the aforementioned modeling systems have not been quantitatively evaluated because independent, fully documented, quality-assured fuel consumption data are lacking. This data set provides measurements for the evaluation and development of fuel and fuel consumption models and other fire models that require fuel loading and fuel consumption as inputs.A short summary of the RxCADRE project can be found in the full data publication download (\\Supplements\\RxCADRE_Project_Overview.pdf). Information about the RxCADRE project can also be found here: \/\/www.fs.fed.us\/pnw\/fera\/research\/rxcadre\/.\n\nOriginal metadata date was 12\/12\/2014. Minor metadata updates on 12\/14\/2016.","keyword":["biota","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Fire","Forest & Plant Health","fuel loading","fuel consumption","fire behavior","fire effects","fire weather","RxCADRE","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","Joseph Jones Ecological Research Center","Ichauway","Eglin Air Force Base","Florida","Georgia"],"spatial":"-86.77,30.51,-84.42,31.27","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0028","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0028","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-14"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"RxCADRE 2008, 2011, and 2012: Ground cover fractions","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0029","description":"This comma-delimited ASCII file contains estimated ground cover fractions at the post-fire clip plot locations at the Prescribed Fire Combustion and Atmospheric Dynamics Research Experiment (RxCADRE) units burned in 2008, 2011, and 2012. These plots are located at the Eglin Air Force Base, northeast of Valparaiso, Florida in Okaloosa County and the Joseph Jones Ecological Research Center at Ichauway, near Camila, Georgia. Cover types estimated include percent surface cover of green vegetation, non-photosynthetic vegetation (NPV), the char fraction of the NPV, ash and exposed mineral soil cover components.The purpose of these data are to relate measures of surface fuel loadings and consumption collected by the Ottmar et al. field crews to the first-order post-fire effects of percent ash and percent char cover. Residual green vegetation, other unburned organic material (classified as NPV), and exposed mineral soil are other variables of interest that have been quantified to facilitate linking fuel loadings and consumption to fire effects and fire severity.A short summary of the RxCADRE project can be found in the full data publication download (\\Supplements\\RxCADRE_Project_Overview.pdf). Information about the RxCADRE project can also be found here: \/\/www.fs.fed.us\/pnw\/fera\/research\/rxcadre\/.\n\nOriginal metadata date was 12\/12\/2014. Minor metadata updates on 12\/14\/2016.","keyword":["biota","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Fire","Forest & Plant Health","fire behavior","fire effects","fire weather","ground cover fraction","RxCADRE","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","Joseph Jones Ecological Research Center","Ichauwa","Eglin Air Force Base","Florida","Georgia"],"spatial":"-86.77,30.51,-84.42,31.27","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0029","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0029","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-14"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"RxCADRE 2008, 2011, and 2012: Clip plot locations","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0030","description":"This data publication contains both the pre- and post-burn clip plot locations for the 2008, 2011, and 2012 Prescribed Fire Combustion and Atmospheric Dynamics Research Experiment (RxCADRE) fuels and ground cover fraction data (both of which are available in a separate data publication). These plots are located at the Eglin Air Force Base, northeast of Valparaiso, Florida in Okaloosa County and the Joseph Jones Ecological Research Center at Ichauway, near Camila, Georgia.The Prescribed Fire Combustion and Atmospheric Dynamics Research Experiment (RxCADRE) was designed to collect atmospheric, fuels, fire behavior, energy balance, emissions, and fire effects data to evaluate and advance fire models and further our understanding of fire science questions. The pre- and post-burn fuels data, and the ground cover fraction data collected at a subset of these plots, represent the raw data measures that were subsequently aggregated to the sample unit level for comparisons to other RxCADRE measurements, for purposes of model calibration and\/or validation.A short summary of the RxCADRE project can be found in the full data publication download (\\Supplements\\RxCADRE_Project_Overview.pdf). Information about the RxCADRE project can also be found here: \/\/www.fs.fed.us\/pnw\/fera\/research\/rxcadre\/.\n\nOriginal metadata date was 12\/12\/2014. Minor metadata updates on 12\/14\/2016.","keyword":["biota","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Fire","Forest & Plant Health","fire behavior","fire effects","RxCADRE","surface fuels","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","Joseph Jones Ecological Research Center","Ichauwa","Eglin Air Force Base","Florida","Georgia"],"spatial":"-86.77,30.51,-84.42,31.27","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0030","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0030","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-14"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"RxCADRE 2008, 2011, and 2012: Burn blocks","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0031","description":"This data publication contains three vector shapefiles of the burn blocks for the 2008, 2011, and 2012 Prescribed Fire Combustion and Atmospheric Dynamics Research Experiment (RxCADRE). These plots are located at Eglin Air Force Base, northeast of Valparaiso, Florida and at the Joseph Jones Ecological Research Center at Ichauway, near Camila, Georgia. These burn blocks represent the spatial extent of the various RxCADRE burns, although one burn block, 608A, was burned both in 2008 and 2011.The RxCADRE project was developed as a response to a lack of integrated, quality-assured fuels, atmospheric, fire behavior, energy, smoke and effects data, a problem which hinders scientists ability to evaluate fire models and tackle fundamental fire science questions. The goal of the project was to allowing leading fire scientists to come together and collect fire data on the same prescribed burns and to create quality fire and fuels data that can be shared between scientists and placed in a public database so it can be accessed by anyone. A short summary of the RxCADRE project can be found in the full data publication download (\\Supplements\\RxCADRE_Project_Overview.pdf). Information about the RxCADRE project can also be found here: \/\/www.fs.fed.us\/pnw\/fera\/research\/rxcadre\/.\n\t  \n\t  Original metadata date was 12\/12\/2014. Minor metadata updates made on 12\/24\/2014.\n\nMinor metadata updates on 12\/14\/2016.","keyword":["fire","fire fuels","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","RxCADRE","environment","imageryBaseMapsEarthCover","Fire","Fire detection","Fire ecology","Fire effects on environment","Fire suppression, pre-suppression","Prescribed fire","Smoke","Joseph Jones Ecological Research Center","Ichauway","Eglin Air Force Base","Florida","Georgia"],"spatial":"-86.77,30.51,-84.42,31.27","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0031","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0031","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-14"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Forest carbon data for the 2008 US forest national greenhouse gas inventory","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0032","description":"This data publication contains forest carbon data estimates developed in part to comply with existing United States (US) commitments for forest carbon stocks and stock-change under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The national greenhouse gas (GHG) inventory is required for UNFCCC Annex 1 parties such as the US, and should be provided to the UNFCCC Secretariat each year by April 15. The estimates were adopted by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), which prepares the official annual inventory of US GHG emissions and sinks. This archive provides the forest carbon estimates underlying the summary numbers of EPA (2008) at the most fundamental level: inventory plots collected by the USDA Forest Service Forest Inventory & Analysis (FIA; US Forest Service 2014) for most of the US, but also at the sub-state level which allows for additional coverage due to data limitations at the plot level. Data at these intermediate scales are determined as essential steps in developing the totals, which are available through the EPA publication. The data in this archive may be used for disaggregated analysis and alternate summaries. These carbon estimates for each year 1990 through 2008 reflect forest inventory data publicly available at mid-2007. Much of these underlying FIA data were also used in EPA national GHG inventories in the mid-2000s, and for USDA (2008). Although a partial set of the underlying FIA datasets used may be publicly available, the specific full underlying datasets used are no longer publicly available. GHG inventories published after 2008 through current year are based on much more recent annualized FIA data.The estimates were developed as a direct extension of the extensive USDA Forest Inventory & Analysis (FIA) inventory data, to characterize stocks and change on US forest lands. The FIA data are the basis for the official forest statistics of the United States, and this approach provides carbon estimates consistent with these data used to provide official US forest resource statistics.Original metadata date was 12\/23\/2014. Minor metadata updates were made on 12\/14\/2016 and 05\/04\/2020.","keyword":["climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","environment","biota","Climate change","Carbon","Forest Products","Bioenergy and biomass","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Assessments","Resource inventory","Natural Resource Management & Use","Ecosystem services","forest carbon stock","forest inventory survey","carbon pools","net stock-change","United States"],"spatial":"-155,24,-66,62","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0032","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0032","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2020-05-04"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Carbon dioxide and ozone data from the Aspen FACE Experiment, 1998-2009, and Phase II Experiment, 2010","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0001","description":"This data publication contains mean hourly gas measurements for 1998 to 2009, and 2010 for seasonal fumigation treatments as part of the Aspen FACE (Free-Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment) and Phase II Experiment. These experiments were located on a research farm near Harshaw, Wisconsin (renamed the Rhinelander Experimental Forest in 2015) and consisted of twelve 30 meter diameter rings of aspen, birch and maple trees in which the concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) and tropospheric ozone (O3) were controlled. Because there was no confinement, there was no significant change in the natural, ambient environment other than elevating these trace gas concentrations.The Aspen FACE Experiment was a multidisciplinary study that assessed the effects of increasing tropospheric ozone and carbon dioxide concentrations on the structure and functioning of northern forest ecosystems. The design provided the ability to assess the effects of these gasses alone, and in combination, on many ecosystem attributes, including growth, leaf development, root characteristics, and soil carbon.\n\nThe Phase II Experiment was a study that assessed the effects of climate change on regeneration response following complete harvest of aspen, birch and maple forest communities.Original metadata date was 01\/29\/2015. Minor metadata updates on 03\/29\/2016 include updates to the bounding coordinates, cross-references and methodology citations. On 11\/15\/2016 the metadata were updated to reflect the Harshaw Forestry Research Farm now being designated as Rhinelander Experimental Forest, along with other minor metadata updates. Additional minor metadata updates on 12\/15\/2016.","keyword":["biota","environment","Climate change","Carbon","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Plant ecology","Forest & Plant Health","Air, soil, water pollution (environmental injury)","Climate effects","aspen","birch","maple","tropospheric ozone","carbon dioxide","Harshaw Forestry Research Farm","Rhinelander Experimental Forest","Wisconsin"],"spatial":"-89.63077383,45.67394177,-89.62551667,45.68118365","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0001","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0001","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-15"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Social conditions, conflict, and preference data for users in the Rattlesnake National Recreation Area in 1989","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0002","description":"This data publication contains visitor preference for naturalness and social conditions for their visitor experience in the Rattlesnake National Recreation Area (RNRA) and Wilderness in Montana. Random onsite interviews were conducted to gather basic on-site information regarding length of visit, travel destinations, and group characteristics. If willing to participate, interviewees were sent mailback questionnaires which contained more details on classification of visitors by activities participated in, preference for conditions, factors influencing the quality of their experience, and overall feelings of the RNRA. A set of supplemental questions were then sent to all participants who returned the mailback questionnaire, because it was discovered that user conflict between mountain bike riders and hikers was present. The supplemental questions aimed to understand the underlying reasons for that conflict.This study of visitors to the Rattlesnake National Recreation Area and Wilderness (RNRA) in Montana has three objectives. First, obtaining input from visitors regarding their preferences for naturalness and social conditions addresses the need for selection of indicators and establishing management standards for the RNRA. Second, a better understanding of who visits the RNRA and how they relate to this natural resource was also needed. And third, a better understanding of the nature of conflict between mountain bikers and hikers at the RNRA can help alleviate tension and sources of conflict between the two groups.Original metadata date was 01\/15\/2015. Minor metadata updates on 12\/14\/2016.","keyword":["bikes","mountain bikers","hikers","conflict","wilderness","social conditions","visitor preferences","LAC","limits of acceptable change","planning","recreation planning","biota","boundaries","environment","health","planningCadastre","society","transportation","Environment and People","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Natural Resource Management & Use","Missoula","Montana","Rattlesnake Wilderness","Rattlesnake National Recreation Area","Lolo National Forest"],"spatial":"-113.87177,46.966419,-113.87177,46.966419","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0002","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0002","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-14"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Social conditions, conflict, and preference data for users in the Rattlesnake National Recreation Area in 1994","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0003","description":"The data available here highlight visitor preferences for naturalness and social conditions for their visitor experience in the Rattlesnake National Recreation Area (RNRA) and Wilderness in Montana.  Mountain bikers and hikers in the RNRA were surveyed in 1994 to measure conflict between various user groups visiting the RNRA. Random onsite interviews were conducted to gather basic on-site information regarding length of visit, travel destinations, and group characteristics. If willing to participate, interviewees were sent mailback questionnaires which contained more details on classification of visitors by activities participated in, preference for conditions, encounters with others, factors influencing the quality of their experience, and overall feelings of the RNRA. This study is, in part, a replication of a similar study done in the same area in 1989.The study was partly a replication of the study done in 1989 in the RNRA, in an effort to document changes in conflict levels and serve as a baseline for evaluation of management actions in the future.  The primary interest was monitoring conflict between two user groups, hikers and mountain bikers, but there was also interest in gauging preference for interaction with other user groups such as stock users.  Educating mountain bike riders about behavior that others consider unacceptable and educating hikers about the similarities between hikers and mountain bike riders may reduce feelings of conflict.  More direct management approaches can also be developed and considered.  The data also reflects visitor preferences for social conditions in the recreation area.Original metadata date was 01\/14\/2015. Minor metadata updates on 12\/14\/2016.","keyword":["bikes","mountain bikes","hikers","conflict","social conditions","visitor preferences","limits of acceptable change","LAC","recreation planning","wilderness","trends","biota","boundaries","environment","health","planningCadastre","society","transportation","Environment and People","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Natural Resource Management & Use","Missoula","Montana","Rattlesnake Wilderness","Rattlesnake National Recreation Area","Lolo National Forest"],"spatial":"-113.871773,46.966419,-113.871773,46.966419","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0003","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0003","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-14"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Qualitative and quantitative 2004-2005 data on Yakutat residents, local relationships to the Situk River, and management implications","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0004","description":"This study examines relationships to place between residents of Yakutat, Alaska and the Situk River. It documents an assessment of local perspectives on use, conflict, and management issues on the river. Initial semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted with targeted community members in 2004 to gain an understanding of local perspectives. These interviews were used to help develop a quantitative survey of 225 random community members in 2005. This data publication contains the results of the quantitative survey, which includes data such as actual and preferred activities in the area, level of management services of facilities, desired changes in management services, the importance of the Situk River to the community, and similar local perspectives.The purpose of the Situk River, Yakutat Resident Study was to assess locals' experiences and perceptions of conditions on the Situk River; to measure perceived impacts and tolerances for those impacts; to understand locals' relationships to the river and how those relationships differ across the Yakutat community; to assess their opinions about management strategies; and to assess how their relationships to the Situk River are influenced by management decisions.Original metadata date was 01\/21\/2015. Minor metadata updates on 12\/14\/2016.","keyword":["residents","resident attitudes","resident-place relationship","fishing","conditions","resource use","management","management planning","use limits","biota","boundaries","economy","location","inlandWaters","society","transportation","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Environment and People","Recreation","Natural Resource Management & Use","Wilderness","North America","Alaska","Gulf of Alaska","Situk River","Situk watershed","Yakutat City and Borough","Chugach National Forest","Glacier Bay National Park","Glacier Bay Wilderness","Tongass National Forest","Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve","Wrangell-Saint Elias Wilderness","Russell Fjord Wilderness"],"spatial":"-143.907756,58.801747,-137.480754,60.532384","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0004","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0004","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-14"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Fuels, weather, fire behavior and vegetation data pertaining to Rx fire in a young loblolly pine plantation in Jones County, Georgia","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0005","description":"This data publication contains fuels, weather, fire behavior, crown damage, and hardwood vegetation preburn and postburn data related to a prescribed fire in a young loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) plantation in Georgia. Treatments consisted of 2 levels of backfire frontal intensity (low and moderate) applied to a five year old loblolly pine plantation. Pre-treatment conditions and treatment response were measured after each of two postfire growing seasons, resulting in measurements taken from 1982 through 1984. This data publication also contains photographs of the control, low, and moderate fireline intensity plots along with aerial images of the study area, which was in the Lower Piedmont of Georgia about 20 miles north of Macon, Georgia, USA.Even with intensive site preparation, invading hardwoods on Piedmont sites present strong competition to planted pines, overtopping them thereby reducing pine growth, and often resulting in sapling mortality. Pines that survive will eventually push through the hardwood canopy, resulting in a mixed pine\/hardwood stand. The lack of topsoil on Piedmont sites means hardwoods are typically of little economic value, but managing for pine is economically attractive. Site preparation is mandatory after harvest or the ubiquitous hardwoods will immediately capture the site until a destructive fire again creates a mineral soil seedbed conducive to establishment of a doghair loblolly stand from nearby trees. Loblolly is a pioneer species that produces copious amounts of light-weight, wind disseminated seed almost every year. This study was designed to determine if fire introduced at age five (normal introductory age is 10-12) would help free sapling pines from hardwood competition without undue damage to the planted pine.Original metadata date was 01\/23\/2015. Minor metadata updates on 12\/14\/2016 and 07\/11\/2019.","keyword":["loblolly pine","loblolly pine sapling mortality and growth","forest management","southern pine","fire behavior","fire effects","CUS","control of undesirable species","fine fuel moisture content","fuel consumption","hardwood competition","fire tolerance","competition control","hardwood topkill","backfire technique","stand management","introductory fires","Pinus taeda","burn","prescribed burn","JFSP","Joint Fire Science Program","biota","environment","Fire","Fire ecology","Prescribed fire","Forest & Plant Health","Natural Resource Management & Use","Plant ecology","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Georgia","Kraft","Macon","Jones County"],"spatial":"-83.63,33.05,-83.63,33.05","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0005","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0005","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2019-07-11"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Streamflow data for the Priest River Experimental Forest","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0006","description":"Streamflow data have been collected at the Priest River Experimental Forest (PREF) since 1939. A number of different devices have been used over the years to record these data, ranging from mechanical strip charts to electronic water level sensors connected to electronic data loggers. This resulted in a variety of formats ranging from undigitized strip charts, handwritten tabular data sheets, digitized printed records and several electronic formats which are now in a common electronic format. Streamflow data from the Benton Dam gauging station were integrated to provide daily average flow from 1955 through present and monthly average flow from 1939 through present.Synthesis of the streamflow data into a common electronic format was the primary purpose of this effort. Prior to this, the data was in a variety of formats and media which made it difficult to analyze long-term trends in flow and its relationship to climate variables. The conversion of the data to one electronic data file resulted in a user-friendly format that will support a variety of analytical techniques. The processes used to collate the data, as described by Dr. Link  and Mr. Wei, could serve as an example to others that face a similar problem.Priest River Experimental Forest website: \/\/www.fs.fed.us\/rmrs\/experimental-forests-and-ranges\/priest-river-experimental-forest\n\nOriginal metadata date was 01\/26\/2015. Minor metadata updates on 12\/14\/2016.","keyword":["biota","inlandWaters","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","Forest & Plant Health","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Assessments","Natural Resource Management & Use","Water","streamflow","EFR","Experimental Forest","Priest River Experimental Forest","Selkirk Mountain Range","Idaho","Benton Creek watershed"],"spatial":"-116.852842,48.329408,-116.726672,48.375139","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0006","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0006","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-14"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Marginal fire spread in live fuel beds - horizontal fuels","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0007","description":"This data publication contains data from 240 laboratory fire spread experiments in high bulk density fuel beds of live chaparral vegetation from the North Mountain Experimental Area in California, carried out between 2003 and 2006. Fuels consisted of branches and foliage from Adenostoma fasciculatum (chamise), Ceanothus crassifolius (ceanothus), Arctostaphylos glandulosa (manzanita), and Quercus berberidifolia (scrub oak). Laboratory environmental conditions, fuel bed characteristics, wind and slope values, and fire behavior data including spread success, rate of spread, flame length, and flame angle are included. Fortran code used to estimate fire behavior with FIRECAST and code to calculate rate of spread in live fuel beds is also included.The objective of the study was to examine the influence of a variety of fuel and environmental variables on fire spread success in homogeneous fuel beds composed of foliage and branch material from major chaparral shrub species.This package was originally published on 01\/29\/2015. On 09\/21\/2015, the data were updated to include measurements that were previously missing because the videos for these fires had not yet been analyzed for the flame data. A few missing rate of spread measurements were also added - it was just an oversight they were not included in the first version of the data. Here are the data measurements that have been added: \n\nFire 240: Col K added (Rate of spread);\n\nFire 242: Col K, O-T added (Rate of spread, Flame length, Flame Length s.d., Flame depth, Flame depth s.d., Flame angle, Flame angle s.d.);\n\nFire 243: Col O-T added Flame length, Flame Length s.d., Flame depth, Flame depth s.d., Flame angle, Flame angle s.d.); and \n\nFire 246 Col K, O-T added (Rate of spread, Flame length, Flame Length s.d., Flame depth, Flame depth s.d., Flame angle, Flame angle s.d.).\n\nOn 03\/23\/2016 this data package was updated to include Fortran code used to esimate fire behavior with FIRECAST and code to calculate rate of spread in live fuel beds.\n\nMinor metadata updates were made on 12\/15\/2016. Additional metadata updates were made on 03\/19\/2026, including the addition of a new reference, email address updates, and other minor updates. The metadata included in the \\Supplements folder were also updated with similar changes, to bring the content up to date.\n\nFor additional information about these data, see Weise et al. (2016).","keyword":["chaparral","rate of spread","flame length","flame angle","wind velocity","slope","chamise","oak","manzanita","ceanothus","biota","environment","Fire","Prescribed fire","North Mountain Experimental Area","California"],"spatial":"-116.871335,33.855953,-116.871335,33.855953","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0007","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0007","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2026-03-19"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Tenderfoot Research Project: Fuel loading and postburn tree mortality data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0008","description":"This product contains fuel loading, overstory tree mortality and burn severity data associated with the Tenderfoot Creek Experimental Forest Vegetative Treatment Research Project between 2000 and 2009. The project is located on the Tenderfoot Creek Experimental Forest (TCEF) which is north of White Sulphur Springs, Montana. Experimental shelterwood harvests combined with prescribed burning were implemented in the Tenderfoot Creek Experimental Forest between 1999 and 2003. These data contain fuel loading measurements collected preharvest\/preburn; 1, 2, 3 and 8 years postharvest; as well as 1 and 6 years postburn. Tree diameter, crown scorch, basal charring, ground charring and cambium mortality following fire for mature lodgepole pine, Douglas-fir, subalpine fir, Engelmann spruce and whitebark pine trees were measured. Tree mortality was also recorded 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 years after fire.The Tenderfoot Creek Experimental Forest was established in 1961 as an experimental watershed in a representative lodgepole pine forest common east of the Continental Divide. Lodgepole pine forests cover approximately 50 million acres in the western US and are the third most extensive forest type in the American Rocky Mountains. Our mixture of silvicultural and prescribed burning treatments were designed to manage fuel loading and promote two-aged stand structures found naturally across the TCEF and elsewhere in lodgepole pine-dominated forests in the Northern Rockies. Fuel loading data were collected to quantify the results of these treatments on fuel load characteristics. Tree mortality data were collected to quantify burn severity and overstory tree survival.Seedling, sapling and variable radius tree plot data were also collected as part of the Tenderfoot Research Project. See the Cross Reference section for access to other data collected at the Tenderfoot Creek Experimental Forest.\n\nOriginal metadata date was 03\/02\/2015. Minor updates (additions) to methods section were made on 06\/12\/2015. Additional minor metadata updates were made on 12\/14\/2016 and 09\/08\/2020.","keyword":["Pinus contorta","Abies lasiocarpa","Picea engelmannii","Pinus albicaulis","Pseudotsuga menziesii","lodgepole pine","subalpine fir","Engelmann spruce","whitebark pine","Douglas-fir","tree mortality","fuel loading","environment","biota","Fire","Fire ecology","Tenderfoot Creek Experimental Forest","Montana","Little Belt Mountains","Lewis & Clark National Forest"],"spatial":"-110.95,46.88,-112.83,46.97","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0008","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0008","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2020-09-08"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Northern Forest Futures Database","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0009","description":"The Northern Forest Futures database (NFFDB) supports the reporting of both current and projected future forest conditions for the 20 states that make up the U.S. North, an area bounded by Maine, Maryland, Missouri, and Minnesota. The NFFDB database and attendant reporting tools are available to the public as a Microsoft Access database. The NFF_CurrentReports tool generates customized reports for a variety of forest statistics for the 2008 inventory year such as estimates of area, numbers of trees, volume, biomass, average annual net growth, average annual mortality, and average annual removals. The NFF_ProjectionReports program supports the reporting of projected forest statistics by decade through the year 2060 for any of 14 scenarios that reflect varying climatic and socioeconomic possibilities. Also included in this product are the individual Forest Inventory and Analysis database (FIADB) files for the 20 states in the U.S. North which contain data and a reporting tool that can be used to compute estimates of area, numbers of trees, volume, biomass, average annual net growth, average annual mortality, average annual removals, as well as carbon, down woody material biomass, and area change.The Northern Forest Futures Assessment (NFFA) provides estimates of possible future scenarios given a variety of demographic, economic, and climatic assumptions, combined with statistically rigorous current forest statistics. These assumptions and current statistics were all run through the U.S. Forest Assessment System (USFAS) a peer-reviewed modeling system (Wear et al. 2013 and Wear 2011). Results from the NFFA can be used to anticipate possible future forest conditions and thereby assist policy makers in shaping forest policy, and aid forest managers in practicing proactive forest management to meet future demands. The Northern Forest Futures database (NFFDB) was developed to support the NFFA by providing statistical summaries through the year 2060 for 14 projection scenarios that reflect a range of climatic and socioeconomic possibilities for the 20 states that make up the U.S. North, an area bounded by Maine, Maryland, Missouri and Minnesota.Original metadata date was 09\/11\/2015. Minor metadata updates on 12\/14\/2016.","keyword":["biota","boundaries","Climate change","Carbon","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Forest & Plant Health","Invasive species","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Assessments","Resource inventory","forest composition","projections","emerald ash borer","U.S. North","United States","Connecticut","Delaware","Illinois","Indiana","Iowa","Maine","Maryland","Massachusetts","Michigan","Minnesota","Missouri","New Hampshire","New Jersey","New York","Ohio","Pennsylvania","Rhode Island","Vermont","West Virginia","Wisconsin"],"spatial":"-97.249608,35.950723,-66.883398,49.303147","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0009","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0009","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-14"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"RxCADRE 2008, 2011, and 2012: Lidar data and derived raster products","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0010","description":"This data package contains raw lidar data and derived raster products from the 2008, 2011, and 2012 Prescribed Fire Combustion and Atmospheric Dynamics Research Experiment (RxCADRE). Data include LAZ lidar files and derived rasters including terrain, canopy height, mean intensity surfaces, as well as percent canopy cover. Lidar acquisition areas are located in Eglin Air Force Base, northeast of Valparaiso, Florida in Okaloosa County and the Joseph Jones Ecological Research Center near Camilla, Georgia.The RxCADRE project was developed as a response to a lack of integrated, quality-assured fuels, atmospheric, fire behavior, energy, smoke and effects data, a problem which hinders scientists' abilities to evaluate fire models and tackle fundamental fire science questions. The goal of the project was to allow leading fire scientists to come together and collect fire data on the same prescribed burns and to create quality fire and fuels data that can be shared between scientists and placed in a public database so it can be accessed by anyone.A short summary of the RxCADRE project can be found in the full data package download (\\Supplements\\RxCADRE_Project_Overview.pdf). Information about the RxCADRE project can also be found here: https:\/\/www.fs.fed.us\/pnw\/fera\/research\/rxcadre\/.\n\t  \nOriginal metadata date was 03\/06\/2015. The 2011 digital terrain model and canopy surface model files for Eglin 703c were originally provided as hill shades and were normalized to height above ground. On 09\/08\/2016 these data were corrected, and all raster files were reproduced to ensure consistency. Additional documentation was included and other minor metadata updates completed. Minor metadata updates made on 12\/15\/2016 and 03\/15\/2021. On 06\/22\/2022, LAZ lidar files and corresponding raster products were added for a fourth area of the 2008 data, named \u2018NW\u2019, that was previously missing. Also, area names for the three other 2008 areas were changed. \u2018Turkey Woods\u2019, \u2018Dubignon East\u2019, and \u2018North Boundary\u2019 were changed to \u2018CNT\u2019, \u2018SE\u2019, and \u2018NE\u2019, respectively.","keyword":["biota","environment","imageryBaseMapsEarthCover","Fire","Fire detection","Fire ecology","Fire effects on environment","Fire suppression, pre-suppression","Prescribed fire","Smoke","lidar","airborne lidar","canopy height model","digital surface model","digital terrain model","intensity","remote sensing","RxCADRE","LAStools","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","Florida","Georgia","Joseph Jones Ecological Research Center","Eglin Air Force Base"],"spatial":"-86.77000,30.51000,-84.42000,31.27000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0010","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0010","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-06-22"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Historical tree and shrub measurements on the Stanislaus National Forest: 1911 timber survey data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0011","description":"This data publication contains tree and shrub measurements collected on the Stanislaus National Forest as part of a systematic timber inventory collected across a large mixed-conifer dominated landscape by the USDA Forest Service in 1911. Trees were tallied by species, diameter and height within 40 x 400 meter strips that spanned the center of quarter-quarter sections (QQs) delineated by the Public Land Survey System. Cover of shrubs and understory was determined using an ocular estimate.These data were used to gain insight into the interaction between disturbances and vegetation structure and composition prior to 20th century land management practices. Our findings highlight some key aspects of forest structure under an intact disturbance regime: 1) forests were low density, with mean live basal area and tree density ranging 8-30 square meters per hectare (m\u00b2\/ha) and 25-79 trees per ha, respectively; 2) understory and overstory structure and composition varied considerably across the landscape; and 3) elevational gradients largely explained variability in forest structure over the landscape. Furthermore, the presence of large trees across most of the surveyed area suggests that extensive stand-replacing disturbances were rare in these forests. The vegetation structure and composition characteristics we quantified, along with evidence of largely elevational control on these characteristics, can provide guidance for restoration efforts in similar forests.Original metadata date was 04\/29\/2015. Minor metadata updates made on 12\/14\/2016 and 05\/07\/2020.","keyword":["Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","Fire","Fire suppression, pre-suppression","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Resource inventory","mixed-conifer forest","sugar pine","Pinus lambertiana","ponderosa pine","Pinus ponderosa","white fir","Abies concolor","incense-cedar","Calocedrus decurrens","Douglas-fir","Pseudotsuga menziesii","biota","environment","Sierra Nevada","California","Stanislaus National Forest"],"spatial":"-119.93829,37.76811,-119.75961,37.89204","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0011","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0011","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2020-05-07"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"The 1990-2010 wildland-urban interface of the conterminous United States - geospatial data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0012-2","description":"The wildland-urban interface (WUI) is the area where houses meet or intermingle with undeveloped wildland vegetation. This makes the WUI a focal area for human-environment conflicts such as wildland fires, habitat fragmentation, invasive species, and biodiversity decline. Using geographic information systems (GIS), we integrated U.S. Census and USGS National Land Cover Data, to map the Federal Register definition of WUI (Federal Register 66:751, 2001) for the conterminous United States from 1990-2010. These data are useful within a GIS for mapping and analysis at national, state, and local levels. Data are available as a geodatabase and include information such as housing and population densities for 1990, 2000, and 2010; wildland vegetation percentages for 1992, 2001, and 2011; as well as WUI classes in 1990, 2000, and 2010.To provide a spatially detailed national assessment of the wildland-urban interface (WUI) and WUI change between 1990 and 2010 across the coterminous U.S. to support wildland fire research, policy and management, and inquiries into the effects of housing growth on the environment.This data publication is a second edition. The first edition (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0012) contained data representing the 2010 WUI of the conterminous United States. This second edition contains additional data such that the data represent the 1990-2010 WUI. \n\nOriginal metadata date was 12\/04\/2017. Minor metadata updates were made on 07\/16\/2020.\n\t  \nInformation about WUI can also be found here: http:\/\/silvis.forest.wisc.edu\/data\/wui-change","keyword":["environment","Environment and People","Fire","Wildland\/urban interface","fragmentation","wildland-urban interface","housing growth","wildland fire","sprawl","WUI","conterminous United States","United States"],"spatial":"-127.977107,22.768690,-65.254885,51.649519","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0012-2","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0012-2","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2020-07-16"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"The 2010 wildland-urban interface of the conterminous United States - geospatial data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0012","description":"The wildland-urban interface (WUI) is the area where houses meet or intermingle with undeveloped wildland vegetation. This makes the WUI a focal area for human-environment conflicts such as wildland fires, habitat fragmentation, invasive species, and biodiversity decline. Using geographic information systems (GIS), we integrated U.S. Census (2010) and USGS National Land Cover Data (2006), to map the Federal Register definition of WUI (Federal Register 66:751, 2001) for the conterminous United States. These data are useful within a GIS for mapping and analysis at national, state, and local levels.To provide a spatially detailed national assessment of the wildland-urban interface (WUI) across the conterminous U.S. to support wildland fire research, policy and management, and inquiries into the effects of housing growth on the environment.Original metadata date was 06\/12\/2015. Minor metadata updates on 07\/17\/2015 and 09\/23\/2015. Minor metadata updates on 12\/15\/2016.\n\t  \nOn 11\/30\/2017 a second edition of these data became available and we recommend these data (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0012-2) be used instead. This second edition contains additional data such that the data represent the 1990-2010 WUI of the conterminous United States, whereas this first edition only represents the 2010 WUI. On 12\/04\/2017 the metadata for this first edition were updated to point to the newer edition. Additional minor metadata updates were made on 07\/16\/2020.\n\t  \nInformation about WUI can also be found here: http:\/\/silvis.forest.wisc.edu\/data\/wui-change\/","keyword":["boundaries","society","structure","biota","Environment and People","Fire","Wildland\/urban interface","wildland-urban interface","WUI","wildland fire","fragmentation","sprawl","housing growth","conterminous United States","United States"],"spatial":"-125.01316,25.119589,-66.662659,49.378200","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0012","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0012","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2020-07-16"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04"],"programCode":["010:164"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Dimension, volume, and biomass data for hand-piled fuels in California and Washington","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0013","description":"Land managers and air quality regulators need a tool to accurately and efficiently estimate the biomass and emissions from burning of hand-piled fuels as pile burning becomes a more widespread and common practice for treating high fire hazard areas with surface fuels in excess of desired levels. This data publication contains dimensions, volume, and biomass measurements of hand-constructed piles of different types of debris, with a variety of shapes and sizes, in forest and woodland areas in Washington and California. Study sites include the Sequoia National Forest, Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest, Whiskeytown National Recreation Area, and the Los Padres National Forest where sample sites were typical of hand-piling operations in the West. Data include measurements, taken in 2008, of 121 hand-constructed piles composed primarily of coniferous (n=63) and shrub\/hardwood (n=58) material.Our objective was to quantify the relationships between pile composition, pile size, and pile biomass by measuring and weighing hand-constructed piles composed of different types of debris (i.e., conifer, shrub, and hardwood) with a variety of shapes and sizes.Original metadata date was 05\/01\/2015. Minor metadata updates on 12\/15\/2016.","keyword":["hand piles","fuel","fuel treatment","biomass","emissions","smoke management","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","biota","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Landscape ecology","Fire","Fire ecology","Washington","California","Sequoia National Forest","Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest","Whiskeytown National Recreation Area","Los Padres National Forest"],"spatial":"-123,34,-118,47","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0013","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0013","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-15"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Human values, behavior, and attitudes: Data from a survey of visitors within Oregon's Eagle Cap Wilderness","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0014","description":"This data publication contains data from a study of visitors to Oregon's Eagle Cap Wilderness in 1993. Between June and November, visitors were asked to participate in a survey asking questions about their trip and views of the wilderness. Specifically they were asked questions about the number of people and groups seen during their trip, general feelings toward solitude and the wilderness, the level of solitude and wilderness solitude experienced on their trip, things that influenced the solitude on their trip, general feelings toward the management of the wilderness, and how much (if at all) evidence of human use of the wilderness detracted from their enjoyment of the trip.The primary objectives of this study were to test measures of solitude achievement for reliability, determine the relationship between solitude achievment and various potential indicators of solitude achievement, and describe changes in the way Eagle Cap Wilderness visitors respond to visitor characteristics and preference questions compared to a sample in 1965.Original metadata date was 05\/04\/2015. Minor metadata updates were made on 12\/15\/2016 and 01\/17\/2025.","keyword":["visitor trends","visitor preferences","wilderness","solitude","visitor conflict","trailhead survey","mailback survey","biota","environment","society","Natural Resource Management & Use","Wilderness","Environment and People","Recreation","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Eagle Cap Wilderness Area","Oregon","Pacific Northwest Region","Wallowa-Whitman National Forest"],"spatial":"-117.5,45.1,-117.2,45.3","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0014","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0014","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-01-17"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Fire history data for eastern Washington, USA","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0015","description":"Fire scars provide a deep temporal record of historical fires, most of which pre-date Euro-American conquest of the West and subsequent land-use and management changes that obscure the dynamics of natural fire regimes. This eastern Washington fire-history data publication contains a unique spatially explicit fire-scar database which was used to identify the influences of climate, fuels, topography, and management. We provide two components: a georeferenced layer in which each fire-scarred tree in seven watersheds is located, along with a list of fire-scarred trees and years in which that tree was scarred for each of the watershed.To provide an in-depth understanding of historical drivers of low-severity fire regimes and the implications for contemporary management in a changing climate.The publications listed in the cross-reference section below all utilize the data archived here. \n\nSome of these data may be included in the International Multiproxy Paleofire Database (IMPD, https:\/\/www.ncdc.noaa.gov\/data-access\/paleoclimatology-data\/datasets\/fire-history).\n\nOriginal metadata date was 05\/19\/2015. Minor metadata updates on 12\/15\/2016.","keyword":["Fire history","ENSO","PDSI","topographic controls","spatially explicit","multi-scale analysis","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","biota","Fire","Fire detection","Washington","Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest","Colville National Forest","Cascade Range","Okanogan Highlands"],"spatial":"-120.739126,47.144403,-117.498556,48.862432","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0015","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0015","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-15"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Fuels data for developing models for predicting consumption in sagebrush-dominated ecosystems","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0016","description":"Fuel consumption predictions are necessary to accurately estimate or model fire effects, including pollutant emissions, during wildland fires. We collected fuel and environmental measurements on a series of operational prescribed fires in big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentate Nutt.) ecosystems throughout the intermountain west: California, Oregon, Nevada, Wyoming, and Montana. Field measurements took place on operational prescribed fires at 26 sites in 11 operational burn units from September 2001 through April 2004 and included pre-fire fuel loading composition and arrangement, day-of-burn fuel and weather conditions, and fuel consumption.This study addresses a recognized knowledge gap in the ability of the fire science and management communities to predict fuel consumption during fires in shrub-dominated ecosystems in general and big sagebrush ecosystems in particular. The objective of this data collection and research was to build on the work of Wright and Prichard (2006) and develop empirical models to predict fuel consumption for big sagebrush rangelands based on field measurements of prefire fuel loading, composition and arrangement; day-of-burn fuel and weather conditions; and fuel consumption. The models developed from these data will be incorporated into the CONSUME software application and its successors, which will allow for more informed and effective fire planning and fire use in sagebrush-dominated types.\n\nThe primary objective of our research was to develop models to predict biomass consumption in big sagebrush ecosystems using variables that are relatively easily measured or readily obtained. These fuel consumption models have been incorporated into the software CONSUME 3.0. Development of consumption models for sagebrush ecosystems and their application in CONSUME 3.0 promotes more effective and informed use of emission production, fire effects, and wildfire\/prescribed fire tradeoff models allowing for better wildland fire emissions and fire effects accounting and planning at a variety of scales.Original metadata date was 05\/29\/2015. Minor metadata updates on 12\/19\/2016.","keyword":["fuel loading","fuel consumption","CONSUME","wildland fire","fire effects","big sagebrush","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","biota","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Landscape ecology","Fire","Fire ecology","Prescribed fire","California","Montana","Nevada","Wyoming","Oregon","Hart Mountain National Antelope Refuge","Sheldon National Wildlife Refuge","Lava Beds National Monument","Armells Creek","Dyce Creek","North Black Canyon"],"spatial":"-121.60,41.75,-109.00,45.32","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0016","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0016","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-19"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Data to support evaluation of fuel treatment effectiveness in the 2006 Tripod Complex fires","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0017","description":"The 2006 Tripod Complex fires burned over 70,000 hectares of dry mixed conifer forests in north-central Washington state. Recent fuel treatments burned in the wildfire offered an opportunity to quantitatively evaluate if fuel treatment effectively mitigated fire severity. We quantified the relative effect of two common fuel treatments: mechanical thinning only and mechanical thinning followed by prescribed burning. Data collected included standard fuels transect and tree parameters, including tree height, crown and bole scorch, species, and diameter.We conducted an opportunistic study to determine the relative success of recent fuel treatments in mitigating wildland fire severity, as represented by tree mortality and damage (i.e., bole char and crown scorch). The 2006 Tripod complex fires involved numerous fuel treatments, including units that had been thinned and prescribed burned within 10 years prior to the wildfire event. Our main objective was to evaluate differences in wildfire severity in stands with thin treatments (thin), thin and prescribed burning treatments (thinRx), and no treatment (control) within the Tripod Complex fires.Original metadata date was 06\/02\/2015. Minor metadata updates on 12\/15\/2016.","keyword":["bark beetles","crown scorch","Pinus ponderosa","Pseudotsuga menziesii","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","biota","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Landscape ecology","Fire","Fire ecology","Washington","Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest"],"spatial":"-120.12,48.5,-120.04,48.7","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0017","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0017","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2015-06-02"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Models of habitat quality and connectivity for mountain lion (Puma concolor), mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), desert bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis nelsoni), black bear (Ursus americanus), and pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) on the Navajo Nation","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0018","description":"This data publication contains estimates of habitat quality and connectivity for mountain lion, mule deer, desert bighorn sheep, and black bear, and combined estimates of high habitat and connectivity areas for all species. The analysis area was a 236,000 square kilometers that encompassed the Navajo Nation, which includes portions of Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah. The estimates of habitat quality were created with spatially explicit habitat variables and either an expert-based linear combination process (for mountain lion and mule deer) or a generalized linear mixed model-based estimation that used radio-collar telemetry data (for desert bighorn sheep, black bear, and pronghorn; collected between 2005-2011). Habitat variables varied among species but included vegetation type, terrain ruggedness, topographic position index (TPI), road density, distance to water, population density, and major barriers to movement.The purpose of this study was to estimate habitat quality and landscape permeability for mountain lion, mule deer, desert bighorn sheep, black bear and pronghorn on the Navajo Nation.Original metadata date was 05\/21\/2015. Minor metadata updates on 12\/15\/2016 and 10\/31\/2019.","keyword":["biota","environment","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Mammals","Habitat management","mountain lion","puma","cougar","Puma concolor","mule deer","Odocoileus hemionus","desert bighorn sheep","Ovis canadensis nelsoni","black bear","Ursus americanus","pronghorn","Antilocapra americana","habitat","habitat quality","Arizona","Utah","New Mexico","Navajo Nation"],"spatial":"-113.050594,34.201114,-107.001529,38.281830","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0018","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0018","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2019-10-31"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Data for developing fuel consumption models for pine flatwoods fuel types in the southeastern United States","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0019","description":"Modeling fire effects, including terrestrial and atmospheric carbon fluxes and pollutant emissions during wildland fires, requires accurate predictions of fuel consumption. Data were collected in order to develop empirical models which predict fuel consumption. Collected data included fuel and environmental measurements on a series of operational prescribed fires in pine flatwoods ecosystems in the southeastern United States from 2004-2006. Total prefire fuel loading ranged from 4.6 to 23.7 megagrams per hectare (2.1 to 10.6 tons per acre); between 12 and 69% of the total loading was composed of shrub species, including saw palmetto (Serenoa repens), gallberry (Ilex glabra), and other common associates. Fuel consumption ranged from 1.3 to 15.7 megagrams per hectare (0.6 to 7.0 tons per acre). On average, 76% of the prefire fuel loading was consumed, although fuel consumption as a percentage of prefire loading was somewhat variable (range: 28-93%).In this study, empirical models were developed to predict fuel consumption in pine flatwoods forest ecosystems from measurements of shrubs and other fuels before and after fires and day-of-burn environmental conditions. The models developed as part of this study will be programmed into Consume and its successor programs. Shrub fuel consumption estimates based on field observations will allow for more informed and effective fire planning and fire use for southern pine forests in which the understory is dominated by shrubby vegetation.\n\nPine flatwoods were selected for study due to their large acreage, wide geographic range, likelihood of fire and emissions to impact populated areas, and extensive annual prescribed burning in the type.Original metadata date was 05\/22\/2015. Minor metadata updates on 12\/15\/2016 and 07\/21\/2022.","keyword":["fuel loading","fuel consumption","Consume","wildland fire","prescribed fire","fire effects","pine flatwoods","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","biota","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Landscape ecology","Fire","Fire ecology","Florida","Georgia","Apalachicola National Forest","Eglin Air Force Base","Pumpkin Hill Creek Preserve State Park","St. Marks National Wildlife Refuge"],"spatial":"-87,30,-81,31","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0019","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0019","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-07-21"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"BeeTrees: tropical and sub-tropical nectar and pollen sources","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0020","description":"BeeTrees is a data set that contains information about tropical and sub-tropical trees utilized by bees for nectar and pollen sources. There are over 500 trees included in this data set, which has been compiled from global literature references. Many are confirmed from in-situ observations by the author. This is not an exhaustive list of trees visited by bees or used by them for food, although the information contained here will be of assistance to foresters, horticulturalists and others interested in native trees and\/or trees useful to bees.\n\t  \nData found in this data set provide descriptive characteristics of trees and shrubs valued for provision of food sources for honey bees and other bees or pollinators in tropical and sub-tropical ecological zones. Parameters of the data include genus and species, common local name, precipitation and evelvation ranges along with a geographical area of occurrence and brief habitat description. The data are delimited by the growth habit of the plants to include only plants that have a woody and at least semi-perennial growth. The plant scientific names included in the original text of the literature are updated to match current accepted taxonomy nomenclature (2015) in the BeeTrees database.These data can be used to help decision makers identify trees that may be useful in reforestation, landscaping and restoration projects in sub-tropical and tropical regions of the world. It is a contribution to conservation efforts focused on native flora, on honey bees and other types of bees valued for their roles as pollinators, and on tropical fruit and nectar trees.\n\nLiterature searches to compile information began in 1997 in support of agroforestry projects and partners working with the International Technology Transfer Program of the USDA National Agroforestry Center, Lincoln, Nebraska, the US Forest Service International Programs and the USAID Global Bureau. Additional material was added with occasion of other forestry projects undertaken by the primary author (e.g. Hurricane Mitch Reconstruction; TSTAR-Caribbean).Original metadata date was 05\/28\/2015. Minor metadata updates on 12\/15\/2016.","keyword":["farming","biota","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Ecology","Forest & Plant Health","Insects","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Habitat management","Forest Products","Non-wood forest products","Natural Resource Management & Use","Agroforestry","Conservation","Restoration","Ecosystem services","pollen sources","nectar","honey bees","forestry","native flora","reforestation","landscaping","horticulture","world tropical and sub-tropical zones","tropical","sub-tropical","world","Africa","Asia","Central America","Caribbean","Mediterranean","North America","South America","Oceania","Yucatan"],"spatial":"179.99999,-35,-180,35","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0020","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0020","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-15"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Fire atlas for the Frank Church-River of No Return Wilderness","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0021","description":"This fire atlas includes all 1972-2012 wildland fires at least 20 hectares (ha) or 50 acres in size that occurred within or intersected the Frank Church - River of No Return Wilderness in Idaho. There are two main components of this fire atlas; the first being a fire history shapefile depicting fire perimeters, and the second being raster files representing satellite-inferred burn severity for these fires. For fires that occurred from 1972 to 1983, burn severity is measured as dNDVI (delta normalized difference vegetation index), which is calculated using Landsat multi-spectral scanner (MSS) data. For fires that occurred between 1984 and 2012, burn severity is measured as dNBR (delta normalized burn ratio), RBR (relativized burn ratio), and dNDVI (delta normalized difference vegetation index), which are calculated using Landsat TM (thematic mapper), ETM+ (enhanced thematic mapper plus), and OLI (operational land imager) data.This fire atlas was created for a project funded by the Joint Fire Science Program (JFSP) titled \"Quantifying the effectiveness and longevity of wildland fire as a fuel treatment\" (JFSP 12-1-03-19). To conduct this study, constantly generated fire history (vector dataset depicting fire perimeters) and fire severity (raster datasets depicting satellite-inferred metrics of severity) were needed for all fires greater than or equal to 20 hectares between 1972 and 2012.Original metadata date was 08\/03\/2015. Minor metadata updates on 12\/19\/2016.","keyword":["wildland fire","burn severity","fire severity","fire history","fire atlas","delta normalized burn ratio","dNBR","relativized burn ratio","RBR","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","imageryBaseMapsEarthCover","environment","Fire","Fire ecology","Prescribed fire","Fire effects on environment","Frank Church-River of No Return Wilderness","Idaho"],"spatial":"-116.2,44.25,-113.9,45.85","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0021","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0021","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-19"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Fire atlas for the Crown of the Continent Ecosystem (Glacier National Park, Great Bear Wilderness, Bob Marshall Wilderness, and Scapegoat Wilderness)","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0022","description":"This fire atlas includes all 1972-2012 wildland fires at least 20 hectares (ha) or 50 acres in size that occurred within or intersected the Crown of the Continent Ecosystem in Montana, which is comprised of Glacier National Park, Great Bear Wilderness, Bob Marshall Wilderness, and Scapegoat Wilderness. There are two main components of this fire atlas; the first being a fire history shapefile depicting fire perimeters, and the second being raster files representing satellite-inferred burn severity for these fires. For fires that occurred from 1972 to 1983, burn severity is measured as dNDVI (delta normalized difference vegetation index), which is calculated using Landsat multi-spectral scanner (MSS) data. For fires that occurred between 1984 and 2012, burn severity is measured as dNBR (delta normalized burn ratio), RBR (relativized burn ratio), and dNDVI (delta normalized difference vegetation index), which are calculated using Landsat TM (thematic mapper), ETM+ (enhanced thematic mapper plus), and OLI (operational land imager) data.This fire atlas was created for a project funded by the Joint Fire Science Program (JFSP) titled \"Quantifying the effectiveness and longevity of wildland fire as a fuel treatment\" (JFSP 12-1-03-19). To conduct this study, constantly generated fire history (vector dataset depicting fire perimeters) and fire severity (raster datasets depicting satellite-inferred metrics of severity) were needed for all fires greater than or equal to 20 hectares between 1972 and 2012.Original metadata date was 08\/03\/2015. Minor metadata updates on 12\/19\/2016.","keyword":["wildland fire","burn severity","fire severity","fire history","fire atlas","delta normalized burn ratio","dNBR","relativized burn ratio","RBR","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","imageryBaseMapsEarthCover","environment","Fire","Fire ecology","Prescribed fire","Fire effects on environment","Crown of the Continent Ecosystem","Great Bear Wilderness","Bob Marshall Wilderness","Scapegoat Wilderness","Montana"],"spatial":"-114.48,49.00,-112.54,47.07","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0022","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0022","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-19"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Fire atlas for the Gila and Aldo Leopold Wilderness areas","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0023","description":"This fire atlas includes all 1972-2012 wildland fires at least 20 hectares (ha) or 50 acres in size that occurred within or intersected the Gila and Aldo Leopold Wilderness areas in New Mexico. There are two main components of this fire atlas; the first being a fire history shapefile depicting fire perimeters, and the second being raster files representing satellite-inferred burn severity for these fires. For fires that occurred from 1972 to 1983, burn severity is measured as dNDVI (delta normalized difference vegetation index), which is calculated using Landsat multi-spectral scanner (MSS) data. For fires that occurred between 1984 and 2012, burn severity is measured as dNBR (delta normalized burn ratio), RBR (relativized burn ratio), and dNDVI (delta normalized difference vegetation index), which are calculated using Landsat TM (thematic mapper), ETM+ (enhanced thematic mapper plus), and OLI (operational land imager) data.This fire atlas was created for a project funded by the Joint Fire Science Program (JFSP) titled \"Quantifying the effectiveness and longevity of wildland fire as a fuel treatment\" (JFSP 12-1-03-19). To conduct this study, constantly generated fire history (vector dataset depicting fire perimeters) and fire severity (raster datasets depicting satellite-inferred metrics of severity) were needed for all fires greater than or equal to 20 hectares between 1972 and 2012.Original metadata date was 08\/03\/2015. Minor metadata updates on 12\/19\/2016.","keyword":["wildland fire","burn severity","fire severity","fire history","fire atlas","delta normalized burn ratio","dNBR","relativized burn ratio","RBR","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","imageryBaseMapsEarthCover","environment","Fire","Fire ecology","Prescribed fire","Fire effects on environment","Gila Wilderness","Aldo Leopold Wilderness","New Mexico"],"spatial":"-108.82,32.93,-107.70,33.42","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0023","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0023","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-19"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Fire atlas for the Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0024","description":"This fire atlas includes all 1972-2012 wildland fires at least 20 hectares (ha) or 50 acres in size that occurred within or intersected the Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness (Montana and Idaho). There are two main components of this fire atlas; the first being a fire history shapefile depicting fire perimeters, and the second being raster files representing satellite-inferred burn severity for these fires. For fires that occurred from 1972 to 1983, burn severity is measured as dNDVI (delta normalized difference vegetation index), which is calculated using Landsat multi-spectral scanner (MSS) data. For fires that occurred between 1984 and 2012, burn severity is measured as dNBR (delta normalized burn ratio), RBR (relativized burn ratio), and dNDVI (delta normalized difference vegetation index), which are calculated using Landsat TM (thematic mapper), ETM+ (enhanced thematic mapper plus), and OLI (operational land imager) data.This fire atlas was created for a project funded by the Joint Fire Science Program (JFSP) titled \"Quantifying the effectiveness and longevity of wildland fire as a fuel treatment\" (JFSP 12-1-03-19). To conduct this study, constantly generated fire history (vector dataset depicting fire perimeters) and fire severity (raster datasets depicting satellite-inferred metrics of severity) were needed for all fires greater than or equal to 20 hectares between 1972 and 2012.Original metadata date was 08\/03\/2015. Minor metadata updates on 12\/19\/2016.","keyword":["wildland fire","burn severity","fire severity","fire history","fire atlas","delta normalized burn ratio","dNBR","relativized burn ratio","RBR","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","imageryBaseMapsEarthCover","environment","Fire","Fire ecology","Prescribed fire","Fire effects on environment","Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness","Idaho","Montana"],"spatial":"-115.40,45.62,-114.17,46.69","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0024","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0024","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-19"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Permanent photographic points on the Moquah Barrens Research Natural Area","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0025","description":"Robert H. Read of the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WDNR) set up 7 permanent photographic stations within the U.S. Forest Service's Moquah Barrens Research Natural Area (RNA) in Bayfield County, Wisconsin on July 25-26, 1973. Stations were chosen throughout the RNA in an effort to represent as many vegetation types as possible. The points were marked by steel U-channel fence posts and sprayed white. Photographs (2-4 per station) were taken directly above the posts. In June 1978, all seven stations were visited and new photographs taken. During the springs of 2012-2014, 3 trips were taken by a U.S. Forest Service and University of Wisconsin-Madison research team to re-locate the photo stations and record their GPS coordinates. This archived product contains the 1973 and 1978 photographs of these stations, along with a file containing a list of each photograph along with details specific to the image such as: date, photographer, type of camera, resolution, and coordinates.Robert Read and the WDNR set up the photographic stations in an attempt to monitor long-term vegetation changes.Original metadata date was 07\/29\/2015. Minor metadata updates on 12\/15\/2016.","keyword":["vegetation","composition","photographs","biota","boundaries","environment","Moquah Barrens","Research Natural Area","RNA","Bayfield County","Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest","Wisconsin","Forest Road 236"],"spatial":"-91.22031,46.61701,-91.19970,46.63144","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0025","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0025","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-15"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04"],"programCode":["010:164"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"RxCADRE 2012: CSU-MAPS wind LiDAR velocity and microwave temperature\/relative humidity profiler data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0026","description":"This data publication contains California State University-Mobile Atmospheric Profiling System (CSU-MAPS) doppler wind LiDAR\/microwave temperature\/relative humidity profiling radiometer data collected during the 2012 Prescribed Fire Combustion and Atmospheric Dynamics Research Experiment (RxCADRE). LiDAR data include line-of-sight component of velocity and aerosol backscatter. Microwave profiler data include continuous temperature and humidity values from the surface to 10 kilometers above ground level (AGL) with 50 meter vertical resolution. Data were measured at the Eglin Air Force Base, northeast of Valparaiso, Florida in Okaloosa County.The RxCADRE project was developed as a response to a lack of integrated, quality-assured fuels, atmospheric, fire behavior, energy, smoke and effects data, a problem which hinders scientists ability to evaluate fire models and tackle fundamental fire science questions. The goal of the project was to allowing leading fire scientists to come together and collect fire data on the same prescribed burns and to create quality fire and fuels data that can be shared between scientists and placed in a public database so it can be accessed by anyone.A short summary of the RxCADRE project can be found in the full data publication download (\\Supplements\\RxCADRE_Project_Overview.pdf). Information about the RxCADRE project can also be found here: https:\/\/www.fs.fed.us\/pnw\/fera\/research\/rxcadre\/. \n\t  \nOriginal metadata date was 07\/31\/2015. Minor metadata updates on 07\/01\/2016.\n\nMinor metadata updates on 12\/15\/2016.","keyword":["biota","environment","Fire","Fire detection","Fire ecology","Fire effects on environment","Fire suppression, pre-suppression","Prescribed fire","Smoke","lidar","RxCadre","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","Eglin Air Force Base","Florida"],"spatial":"-86.764,30.520,-86.711,30.563","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0026","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0026","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-15"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04"],"programCode":["010:164"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"RxCADRE 2012: CSU-MAPS background wind, temperature, RH, and pressure time series data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0027","description":"This data publication contains California State University-Mobile Atmospheric Profiling System (CSU-MAPS) 30 meter micrometeorological mobile tower data collected during the 2012 Prescribed Fire Combustion and Atmospheric Dynamics Research Experiment (RxCADRE). Data collected include 2D wind speeds and directions, temperatures\/relative humidity at 4 different heights, pressure data sampled every 2 seconds, and also include 10Hz sonic anemometer 3D wind data collected at 2 different heights. The tower was placed upwind of the plots for the S-345 and S-789, within the plots for the L1G and L2G burns, and downwind of the plot for the L2F burn. The tower collected the data before,throughout, and after the burns at a fixed location for each burn. Data were measured at the Eglin Air Force Base, northeast of Valparaiso, Florida in Okaloosa County.The RxCADRE project was developed as a response to a lack of integrated, quality-assured fuels, atmospheric, fire behavior, energy, smoke and effects data, a problem which hinders scientists ability to evaluate fire models and tackle fundamental fire science questions. The goal of the project was to allowing leading fire scientists to come together and collect fire data on the same prescribed burns and to create quality fire and fuels data that can be shared between scientists and placed in a public database so it can be accessed by anyone.A short summary of the RxCADRE project can be found in the full data publication download (\\Supplements\\RxCADRE_Project_Overview.pdf). Information about the RxCADRE project can also be found here: https:\/\/www.fs.fed.us\/pnw\/fera\/research\/rxcadre\/. \n\t  \nOriginal metadata date was 07\/31\/2015. Minor metadata updates on 07\/01\/2016.\n\nMinor metadata updates on 12\/15\/2016.","keyword":["biota","environment","Fire","Fire detection","Fire ecology","Fire effects on environment","Fire suppression, pre-suppression","Prescribed fire","Smoke","lidar","wildland fire","in-situ wind measurement","plume temperature","RxCADRE","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","Eglin Air Force Base","Florida"],"spatial":"-86.764,30.520,-86.711,30.563","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0027","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0027","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-15"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Moquah Barrens Research Natural Area - breeding bird surveys 1971-2006","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0028","description":"Breeding bird survey data were recorded from 1971-2006 on the Moquah Barrens Research Natural Area in Bayfield County, Wisconsin. The data were collected on a standard transect that was walked from south to north every June starting in 1971 and ending in 2006. The transect was defined as Forest Road 236, which bisects the Moquah Barrens Research Natural Area. Every bird either seen or heard while walking the transect was recorded on a data sheet. Additional data collected included: name of observer, date, total number of species detected, total number of individual birds detected, temperature (\u00b0F) at the start of the survey, temperature (\u00b0F) at the end of the survey, wind speed (Beaufort scale) at the start of the survey, wind speed (Beaufort scale) at the end of the survey, start time of the survey, end time of the survey, and sky conditions.These breeding bird surveys were conducted for the following reasons (Mossman, 1980): \n\n1. Supply basic inventory information on the species and numbers of birds present.\n2. Monitor breeding bird populations over the long term on the natural areas which are now or are expected to be subjected to environmental stress.\n3. Provide information permitting the correlation of bird species with habitat type.\n4. Provide additional information on threatened and endangered species.\n5. Aid the Scientific Areas Preservation Council (SAPC) in evaluating specific natural areas and setting preservation priorities.Original metadata date was 09\/22\/2015. Minor metadata updates on 12\/15\/2016.","keyword":["breeding bird survey","Moquah Barrens","Research Natural Area","biota","environment","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Birds","Moquah Barrens Research Natural Area","Bayfield County","Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest","Wisconsin","Forest Road 236"],"spatial":"-91.220313,46.617007,-91.199697,46.631440","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0028","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0028","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-15"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Measurements from twelve permanent vegetation plots in the Moquah Barrens Research Natural Area: 1979 and 1996","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0029","description":"Vegetation measurements were made on a sets of three (3) plots in each of twelve (12) stands located within the Moquah Barrens Research Natural Area in Bayfield County, Wisconsin. The plots were established and the first set of measurements were made in 1979. In 1996, all thirty-six plots were relocated and remeasured. Each of the twelve selected stands represented major forest types and age classes in the research natural area. The stands were classified into 5 vegetation types (jack pine, oak-pine, aspen-oak-birch complex, aspen, and open (pine savanna)). Sampled trees had their species and diameter at breast height (DBH) recorded. Two sets of progressively smaller plots were nested in the tree plots to count saplings, shrubs, and herbs. For saplings, species and DBH were recorded; for shrubs, species and number of individuals were recorded; for herbs, species and percent ground cover were recorded.\n\nDuring the springs of 2012-2014, 3 trips were taken by a U.S. Forest Service and University of Wisconsin-Madison research team to re-locate the center points associated with each stand and establish GPS coordinates. All vegetation stand locations were originally estimated within a GIS using the 1980 report by Dunn and Stearns. Only three of the twelve center points were successfully re-located. Points were not located due to loss of the wooden stakes used to mark the center points. Estimated or actual GPS locations are provided for future use.The objectives of the work were to: \n\n1. Install permanent sample plots to monitor vegetation changes over time\n2. Describe the timber types present on the research natural area\n3. Determine possible vegetation changes in the absence of fire [fire had been excluded from the research natural area since its establishment in 1935], and the future implications for an (unspecified) management planThis study complements a set of 1978 vegetation plot measurements collected by Paul E. Matthiae and Forest W. Stearns conducted within the Moquah Barrens Wildlife Management Area.  \n\nAn unpublished report (included in this publication) on the results of the 1979 measurements was provided to the North Central Forest Experiment Station in 1980. The report characterizes the measurements as \u201cbaseline\u201d; this needs to be interpreted loosely, as 44 years of vegetation development had already occurred since the research natural area was created in 1935. Neither the 1979 nor the 1996 measurements have ever been presented in a peer-reviewed scientific paper.\n\nOriginal metadata date was 09\/30\/2015. Minor updates on 10\/02\/2015.\n\nMinor metadata updates on 12\/15\/2016.","keyword":["vegetation","composition","research natural area","surveys","biota","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Plant ecology","Landscape ecology","Fire","Fire ecology","Moquah Barrens","Bayfield county","Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest","Wisconsin"],"spatial":"-91.22031,46.61701,-91.19970,46.63144","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0029","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0029","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-15"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Presence and abundance of butterflies in the Wassuk Range, Sweetwater Mountains, and east slope of the Sierra Nevada, Nevada and California","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0030","description":"These data document observed presence and abundance of butterflies in canyons throughout three mountain ranges in the western Great Basin (Mineral, Douglas, and Lyon Counties, Nevada and Mono County, California): the Wassuk Range, Sweetwater Mountains, and east slope of the Sierra Nevada. Data were collected from 2012 through 2015, inclusive. Records for each year reflect multiple visits (generally 5 or 6) at about 10-14 day intervals from early June through early to mid August. Data include species detected, date, location, and abundance. Data also include measures of the relative abundances of plants that serve as nectar sources and of mud from which butterflies obtain nutrients.Data were collected to examine relationships between occurrence or occupancy of butterflies and topography and between occurrence of butterflies and birds. Data also were collected to investigate baseline variation in occurrence of butterflies in space and time. Knowledge of baseline variation informs assessment of possible effects of environmental change, whether natural or anthropogenic.Original metadata date was 09\/08\/2015. Minor metadata updates on 12\/15\/2016.","keyword":["lepidoptera","skippers","montane butterflies","transects","Papilionidae","Pieridae","Nymphalidae","Lycaenidae","Hesperiidae","monitoring","time series","riparian","pinyon","ponderosa pine","Jeffrey pine","fir","montane meadow","juniper","sagebrush","SERDP","Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program","biota","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Invertebrates","Nevada","California","Great Basin","Sweetwater Mountains","Wassuk Range","Sierra Nevada","Mineral County","Douglas County","Lyon County","Mono County"],"spatial":"-119.588944,38.055353,-118.738917,38.631347","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0030","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0030","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-15"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Detections of breeding birds in the Wassuk Range, Sweetwater Mountains, and east slope of the Sierra Nevada, Nevada and California","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0031","description":"These data document annual detections of breeding birds in canyons throughout three mountain ranges in the western Great Basin (Mineral, Douglas, and Lyon Counties, Nevada and Mono County, California): the Wassuk Range, Sweetwater Mountains, and east slope of the Sierra Nevada. Data were collected from 2012 through 2015, inclusive. Birds were detected during fixed-radius point counts. In most cases, each point was visited three times per season. Data include coordinates of each point, species detected, and date and method of detection.Data were collected to examine relations among occupancy of birds, topography, and vegetation. Data also were collected to investigate baseline variation in occurrence of birds in space and time and to compare distributions of birds and butterflies in space and time. Knowledge of baseline variation informs assessment of possible effects of environmental change, whether natural or anthropogenic.Additional data are available from the Forest Service Research Data Archive (see Cross-References below): during point counts, birds detected at > 100 meters; flyovers during point counts (birds not necessarily using resources in the point, but present in the area); records of species detected during field research but not during point counts or at point locations; various measurements of vegetation at each point.\n\nThis first edition of the data became available on 09\/08\/2015. Minor metadata updates were made on 12\/15\/2016.\n\n**NOTE: In 2019 a second edition of these data became available (Fleishman 2019, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0031-2). We recommend use of this newest edition which has added additional years of data and other metadata improvements.","keyword":["breeding birds","detections","point counts","land-cover change","monitoring","time series","riparian","pinyon","juniper","ponderosa pine","Jeffrey pine","fir","sagebrush","SERDP","Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program","biota","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Birds","Nevada","California","Great Basin","Sweetwater Mountains","Wassuk Range","Sierra Nevada","Mineral County","Douglas County","Lyon County","Mono County"],"spatial":"-119.608264,38.058122,-118.627489,38.630361","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0031","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0031","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2019-05-07"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Vegetation structure and composition in the Wassuk Range, Sweetwater Mountains, and east slope of the Sierra Nevada, Nevada and California","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0032","description":"These data document vegetation structure and composition in canyons throughout three mountain ranges in the western Great Basin (Mineral, Douglas, and Lyon Counties, Nevada and Mono County, California): the Wassuk Range, Sweetwater Mountains, and east slope of the Sierra Nevada. Vegetation data were collected in 2012, 2013, and 2014 at 158 locations where breeding birds were surveyed annually from 2012 through 2014 or 2015. Data include but are not limited to estimates of cover of trees (live and dead, differentiated by species), shrubs (differentiated by species), native herbaceous plants (generally not differentiated by species), and cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum); and sizes or size classes of trees (live and dead). With the exception of cheatgrass, which was measured each year at most locations, vegetation at each location was measured once, in either 2012 or 2013.Data were collected to examine relations between probabilities of detection and occupancy of breeding birds and vegetation covariates. Data also will be used to train and validate models of vegetation (e.g., presence of riparian vegetation, hard and soft edges between trees and shrubs, potential changes in distribution of dominant species) that were based on remotely sensed data.These data serve as environmental covariates for Fleishman 2015 (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0031). Vegetation data were collected at all locations where birds were sampled. Spatial data attributes in the breeding-bird data publication and this data publication (range, canyon, year, UTMx, UTMy) are the same and can be linked in a relational database or lookup table. Although the data primarily were collected to characterize bird habitat, they also could serve as environmental covariates for Fleishman 2015 (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0030).\n\nThis first edition of the data became available on 09\/08\/2015. Minor metadata updates were made on 12\/15\/2016.\n\n**NOTE: In 2019 a second edition of these data became available (Fleishman 2019, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0032-2). We recommend use of this newest edition which has added additional years of data and other metadata improvements.","keyword":["biota","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Animal ecology","Forest & Plant Health","Botany","Habitat management","vegetation","plants","trees","shrubs","grasses","forbs","riparian","upland","land cover","Nevada","California","Great Basin","Sweetwater Mountains","Wassuk Range","Sierra Nevada","Mineral County","Douglas County","Lyon County","Mono County"],"spatial":"-119.608264,38.058122,-118.627489,38.630361","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0032","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0032","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2019-05-07"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Incidental and long-distance bird observations in the Wassuk Range, Sweetwater Mountains, and east slope of the Sierra Nevada, Nevada and California","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0033","description":"These data document observations of birds in canyons throughout three mountain ranges in the western Great Basin (Mineral, Douglas, and Lyon Counties, Nevada and Mono County, California): the Wassuk Range, Sweetwater Mountains, and east slope of the Sierra Nevada. A small number of observations were made in the valleys adjacent to these mountain ranges. Data were collected from 2012 through 2015. These data complement those in Fleishman 2015 (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0031), which included detections of breeding birds during fixed-radius point counts within 100 meters of the observer. The data in this data publication allow more-complete documentation of the composition and distribution of the local and regional avifauna than would be possible with the fixed-radius point-count data alone. Some birds documented in these data were detected during fixed-radius point counts but were outside the radius of the sample point (e.g., > 100 meters from the observer) or flying over the point rather than apparently using resources within the point. Others were detected opportunistically while traveling to sampling locations. The records also include juveniles, which are not included in published analyses. Data include species detected, date of detection, and, in most cases, method of detection and either coordinates or an approximate location.These data were collected in the course of sampling to examine relationships among occurrence or occupancy of birds, topography, and vegetation. Data also were collected during studies to investigate baseline variation in occurrence of birds in space and time and to compare distributions of birds and butterflies in space and time. Knowledge of baseline variation informs assessment of possible effects of environmental change, whether natural or anthropogenic. These data complement those in Fleishman 2015 (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0031), which had strict criteria or standards with respect to, for example, sampling methods, bird behavior, location, and age class. The data in this file are reliable, but do not meet those strict criteria. The data are useful for documenting species composition and distribution across space and time. Some species included in these data are not represented in the data from the fixed-radius point counts.Among the reasons these data are considered incidental or long distance (hence included in this file rather than Fleishman 2015 (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0031) include but are not limited to the following. Bird was detected during a fixed-radius point count but observer did not record distance from the point center (thus it is unclear whether the detection was within 100 meters of the observer, which is a criterion for many analyses); detected during point counts but at >100 meters from the point center (the limit for inclusion in many analyses); not detected during point counts (e.g., bird was observed while traveling between sampling locations or in the afternoon or evening rather than during morning point-counts); juvenile bird rather than adult (most analyses are restricted to adults assumed to be breeding in the vicinity). Various measurements of vegetation at or near point-count locations, which may be useful for exploring associations with presence, are available in Fleishman 2015 (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0032).\n\nThis first edition of the data became available on 09\/08\/2015. Minor metadata updates were made on 12\/15\/2016.\n\n**NOTE: In 2019 a second edition of these data became available (Fleishman 2019, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0033-2). We recommend use of this newest edition which has added additional years of data and other metadata improvements.","keyword":["biota","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Birds","breeding birds","detections","point counts","land-cover change","monitoring","time series","riparian","pinyon","juniper","ponderosa pine","Jeffrey pine","fir","sagebrush","SERDP","Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program","Nevada","California","Great Basin","Sweetwater Mountains","Wassuk Range","Sierra Nevada","Mineral County","Douglas County","Lyon County","Mono County"],"spatial":"-119.608264,38.058122,-118.627489,38.630361","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0033","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0033","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2019-05-07"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Fuels and stand structure data for the Summit post-fire logging study: pre-logging, one year post-logging, and 13 years post-logging","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0034","description":"The Summit Post-fire Logging Study was conducted on the Malheur National Forest in Oregon from 1997 through 2011. The study was intended to examine the effects of logging after a severe wildfire burned through a set of 12 stands just north of the Middle Fork of the John Day River, Malheur County. The 16,000 hectare (ha) Summit Fire was caused by a lightning storm on August 13, 1996, on the North Fork John Day Ranger District (Umatilla National Forest), burned south onto the Long Creek Ranger District of the Malheur National Forest, and was declared officially controlled on September 16, 1996. Within the Malheur Forest portion of the Summit Fire, an area of 8,103 ha (72%) was judged to have burned at high severity (>80% large trees killed), including much of the area in the lower elevation ponderosa pine forests, which typically experience lower severity fires. \n\nThe short-term effects of post-fire logging were evaluated by conducting a controlled, replicated experiment between 1997 and 1999. Logging occurred in the summers of 1998 and 1999, and consisted of the application of three treatments (un-logged control, commercial, and fuel reduction), applied to 12 experimental units (stands) in four replicate blocks. Data were taken from within about 258 measurement plots in the 12 units (stands) in 1997 (post-fire, pre-logging) and again in 1999 (post-fire, post-logging). The longer-term effects of post-fire logging on fuels and stand structure were evaluated by re-measuring fuel and stand structure variables in 2011, 15 years after the Summit Fire, and 13 years after post-fire logging. The Summit Post-fire Logging Study database consists of data on fuels and stand structure, taken in 1997, 1999, and 2011.\n\nIt is important to note that no management activities had occurred within the Summit study area between the initial logging work (1998, 1999), and the intermediate-term measurement year (2011). However, on August 8, 2008, 10 years after post-fire logging at Summit, a small, moderate, surface wildfire (the Sunshine Fire) occurred in the eastern portion of the study area, and burned through most of the easternmost Block 4. This small wildfire was effectively controlled within two days after ignition, by fire personnel of the Malheur National Forest (Roy Walker, Malheur National Forest, pers. comm.) Although this wildfire removed one entire replicate block from the original experiment, it provided us with an opportunity for a controlled test of the logging treatments with an actual moderate severity wildfire. This published dataset therefore, consists of plot-level data on fuels and stand structure taken in 1997, 1999, and 2011, to study both short and longer-term post-fire logging effects as well as the effects of the subsequent reburn that occurred 10 years after post-fire logging. It is also important to note pre-treatment data for block 3 was taken in 1998 rather than 1997 because of a necessary reassignment of treatments prescribed by NEPA. Finally we note that the longer-term plot level data for unit 3F (block 3, management unit 419, fuel reduction treatment) was taken in 2014 due to our failure to find the plots in that unit by 2011.The purpose of the Summit Post-fire Logging Study was to provide key information on how logging after wildfire might influence fuels and stand structure, in the short- and longer-term. After stand replacement fires in the western United States, standard policy has been to salvage fire-killed trees as quickly as possible to recoup their economic value before decay. Considerable public debate has focused on the merits of post-fire logging on federal lands, as evidenced from extensive public comment received on both the east-side and interior Columbia River basin environment impact statements in the late 1990's, as well as considerable additional debate since that time. Proponents of post-fire logging argue that the practice is one of a suite of restoration methods, designed to mitigate the adverse environmental effects of the wildfire itself, that removal of large woody structure reduces the risk of a severe reburn, and that the sale of burned timber can be used to offset the cost of post-fire restoration. Opponents argue that post-fire logging causes increases in erosion and sediment transport to streams as a result of the harvest operations themselves or removes structure that has important ecological functions.\n\nUnfortunately, the debate has taken place in the context of relatively little scientific information on the ecological effects of post-fire logging. Importantly, very few studies have documented that post-fire logging reduces the risk of a severe reburn, despite the conventional wisdom that removal of dead large woody structure would be expected to reduce ground fuels at some point in the future. In light of the dearth of good information available therefore, the Summit Study has provided much needed information on the environmental effects of post-fire logging, for stand structure and fuels immediately after postfire logging, and more than a decade after logging.Original metadata date was 09\/02\/2015. Minor metadata updates on 07\/01\/2016.\n\nMinor metadata updates on 12\/15\/2016.","keyword":["biota","Fire","Fire effects on environment","salvage logging","post-fire logging","stand replacement fire","restoration","reburn hypothesis","repeat fires","cavity nesting birds","snag retention","coarse woody debris","fuel reduction","seasonally dry forest","fire return interval","uncharacteristically severe fire","economic benefit from forests","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","Interior western United States","Oregon","Eastern Oregon","Blue Mountains","Middle Fork John Day River","Malheur National Forest","Tower fire","Summit fire","Prairie City","John Day","Long Creek Ranger District"],"spatial":"-118.767778241211,44.6775189202762,-118.690730246153,44.7192197714609","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0034","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0034","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-15"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"RxCADRE 2008, 2011, and 2012: Radiometer locations","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0035","description":"This data publication contains a geodatabase (and ASCII data files) with the dual-band ground radiometer locations within the Prescribed Fire Combustion and Atmospheric Dynamics Research Experiment (RxCADRE) burn blocks in 2008, 2011, and 2012.  These burn blocks are located at Eglin Air Force Base, northeast of Valparaiso, Florida, and at the Joseph Jones Ecological Research Center at Ichauway, near Camilla, Georgia. Raw voltages recorded by these radiometers were calibrated and used to estimate fire radiative power (FRP) and fire radiative energy (FRE) fluxes as fuel burned within their fields of view (FOV) at these locations. These estimates of FRP and FRE were in turn used to validate estimates of FRP and FRE derived from airborne or satellite imagery.The RxCADRE project was developed as a response to a lack of integrated, quality-assured fuels, atmospheric, fire behavior, energy, smoke and effects data, a problem which hinders scientists' abilities to evaluate fire models and tackle fundamental fire science questions. The goal of the project was to allowing leading fire scientists to come together and collect fire data on the same prescribed burns and to create quality fire and fuels datasets that can be shared between scientists and placed in a public database so it can be accessed by anyone.A short summary of the RxCADRE project can be found in the full data publication download (\\Supplements\\RxCADRE_Project_Overview.pdf). Information about the RxCADRE project can also be found here: https:\/\/www.fs.fed.us\/pnw\/fera\/research\/rxcadre\/.\n\nOriginal metadata date was 09\/17\/2015. Minor metadata updates on 12\/15\/2016.","keyword":["biota","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Fire","Forest & Plant Health","fire behavior","fire effects","fire weather","ground cover fraction","surface fuels","radiometer","RxCADRE","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","Joseph Jones Ecological Research Center","Ichauway","Eglin Air Force Base","Florida","Georgia"],"spatial":"-86.77,30.51,-84.42,31.27","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0035","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0035","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-15"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"RxCADRE 2008, 2011, and 2012: Radiometer data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0036","description":"This package contains data from dual-band, tower-mounted radiometers deployed during the Prescribed Fire Combustion and Atmospheric Dynamics Research Experiment (RxCADRE) burn blocks in 2008, 2011, and 2012. These burn blocks are located at Eglin Air Force Base, northeast of Valparaiso, Florida, and at the Joseph Jones Ecological Research Center at Ichauway, near Camilla, Georgia. The radiometers have a nadir, downward-looking perspective. Raw voltages recorded by the radiometers were calibrated and used to estimate fire radiative power (FRP) and fire radiative energy (FRE) fluxes as fuel burned within their fields of view (FOV) at these locations. The archive includes two types of files, the first is an Excel file with macros (*.xlsm) that calibrates the raw voltage output. The second file type is a comma-delimited text file (*.csv) containing calibrated data. In a subset of datasets from 2011, saturated values near peak FRP were replaced with fitted values and, in those cases, an extra set of Excel and text files including the fitted values are provided.The availability of integrated, quality-assured fuels, atmospheric, fire behavior, energy, smoke, and effects data from wildland fires are limited and this hinders our ability to evaluate fire models and tackle fundamental fire science questions. To help fill this void, the Prescribed Fire Combustion and Atmospheric Dynamics Research Experiment (RxCADRE) Fire Science Caucus collaboratively instrumented and collected fire data on 10 operational and 6 small replicate prescribed fires located in longleaf pine ecosystems during 2008, 2011, and 2012 at Eglin Air Force Base in Florida and the Joseph W. Jones Ecological Research Center in Georgia. Through the technique of dual-band radiometry, the radiometer data provided measure fire radiated power and energy, fundamental descriptors of wildland fires that are used in remote sensing and smoke emission modeling. The radiation measurements collected here have been related to fuel consumption and compared with other radiation measurements that have different spatial extents and resolutions. Radiometer data are available for all fires in all years at different levels of replication.A short summary of the RxCADRE project can be found in the full data publication download (\\Supplements\\RxCADRE_Project_Overview.pdf). Information about the RxCADRE project can also be found here: https:\/\/www.fs.fed.us\/pnw\/fera\/research\/rxcadre\/.\n\t  \nSee Hudak et al. (2015) for the associated radiometer location data.\n\nOriginal metadata date was 09\/21\/2015. Minor metadata updates on 07\/01\/2016, which included updating citations for journal articles that are now available.\n\nMinor metadata updates on 12\/19\/2016.","keyword":["biota","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Fire","Forest & Plant Health","Fire effects on environment","Fire ecology","Prescribed fire","fire behavior","fire effects","fire radiated power","dual-band radiometer","fire radiated energy","fire behavior","RxCADRE","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","Joseph Jones Ecological Research Center","Ichauway","Eglin Air Force Base","Florida","Georgia"],"spatial":"-86.77,30.51,-84.42,31.27","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0036","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0036","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-19"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Expected change in suitable habitat for riparian species along the Rio Grande in New Mexico under changing climate","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0037","description":"Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt 3.3.3) methods were used to estimate expected change in suitable habitat for 12 different wildlife species under changing climate along the Rio Grande in New Mexico. Species include: Lucy's warbler, southwestern willow flycatcher, western yellow-billed cuckoo, New Mexican meadow jumping mouse, Hispid cotton rat, long-legged bat, Occult bat, Yuma bat, black-necked gartersnake, western painted turtle, american bullfrog, and northern leopard frog. These species were selected because their distribution is tied to a habitat or feature characteristic important to multiple species. Models of suitable habitat for each species are based on observation data from collection and survey samples taken from 1970 through 2013. MaxEnt related species' presence to climate, biophysical, and vegetation characteristics. We then projected future suitability of habitats by applying these models to future conditions as predicted by three climate models at three times periods, 2030 (2020-2060), 2060 (2050-2070), and 2090 (2080-2100). The climate data used in this study were derived from the: 1) Canadian Center for Climate Modeling and analysis (CCC) using the CGCM3.1 model, 2) Geophysical Fluid Dynamics laboratory (GFDL) using the CM2.1 model and, 3) Met office, Hadley Centre (HAD), using the HadCM3 model. The data in this product therefore represent four different time periods for three different models. Also included are consensus images designating where 1) all three climate models predicted suitable habitat, and 2) at least 2 models predicted suitable habitat.These data are part of a larger project that had two primary goals: 1) To develop a process for integrating data from multiple sources to improve predictions of climate impacts for wildlife species; and 2) To provide data on climate and related hydrological change, fire behavior under future climates, and species\u2019 distributions for use by researchers and resource managers.This metadata file contains the documentation for all of the data files included in this publication. Each individual raster layer has an associated metadata document with specific information associated with that layer (e.g. spatial information). However, this main metadata documentation should be used when looking for any information beyond the spatial details.\n\nOriginal metadata date was 09\/24\/2015. Minor metadata updates on 12\/15\/2016 and 07\/19\/2019.","keyword":["biota","environment","inlandWaters","Climate change","Climate change effects","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Animal ecology","Landscape ecology","Wildlife (or Fauna)","New Mexico","Rio Grande","riparian","southwest"],"spatial":"-108.281239578,31.675524815,-105.18844104,37.066900697","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0037","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0037","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2019-07-19"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Data on wilderness experience stewardship from a 2001-2002 visitor survey at Gates of the Arctic National Park & Preserve","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0038","description":"Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve (GAAR) is a remote area in the Brooks Range of northern Alaska. GAAR contains more than 7 million acres of federally designated wilderness, but hosts only about 600 recreation visitors per year. A two-year, two-phase project was implemented at GAAR to provide scientific input to visitor management and backcountry planning. In phase I (2001) qualitative methods (in-depth interviews) were used to develop an understanding of the nature of visitor experiences and to identify significant influences on those experiences. Results identified five broad experience dimensions and several potential factors of influence upon those experiences. In phase II of the research project (2002), a quantitative survey of 201 recreation visitors and 18 commercial operators in GAAR was conducted to investigate and validate the distribution of phase I results. Phase I produced data in the form of interviews, transcribed verbatim, and sound recordings, containing interview excerpts. Phase II data was generated from survey responses, in the form of text files.The Phase I final report provides an understanding of the range of experiences that visitors are having at GAAR and significant influences on those experiences, including the presence and behaviors of other visitors and existing and potential visitor regulations. Phase II focused on collecting information from a representative sample of visitors to measure the saliency and distribution of major experience dimensions, provide input to establishing baseline conditions on selected indicators, obtain greater understanding of the potential effects of alternative management practices to protect the wilderness character of GAAR, and provide descriptions of use and user characteristics. During Phase II of the study, a need was also realized for a small study of commercial service providers to understand their orientation toward the Park better and identify issues of concern to be addressed during backcountry planning.Original metadata date was 09\/29\/2015. Minor metadata updates on 07\/05\/2016.\n\nMinor metadata updates on 12\/15\/2016.","keyword":["visitors","visitor experience","visitor access","management","management planning","commercial use","wilderness","wildlife encounters","trends","biota","boundaries","economy","inlandWaters","location","planningCadastre","society","transportation","Environment and People","Recreation","Social values, ethics","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Natural Resource Management & Use","Economics","Wilderness","North America","Alaska","Arctic Circle","Brooks Range","continental divide","Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve","Coldfoot Visitor Center","Fairbanks"],"spatial":"-156.994831,66.636281,-149.774281,68.65754","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0038","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0038","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-15"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Vegetation, fuels, and fire weather data from post-fire landscapes on the Plumas and Lassen National Forests","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0039","description":"This data publication contains tree, fuels, and vegetation, and ground cover measurements from a permanent grid of common stand exam plots established following four fires that occurred between 2000 and 2010 on the Plumas and Lassen National Forests in northern California. Data were collected between 2009 and 2012. Portions of these four fires were reburned by the 30,000 hectare Chips Fire in 2012, which burned 118 of the previously established field plots. Data describing plot locations, fire history, and year of data collection is included. Fire weather data collected during the 2012 Chips Fire by three portable Remote Automated Weather Stations are also provided.These data were collected as part of a large inventory and monitoring effort conducted to assess post-fire conditions after the 2000 Storrie Fire and the 2008 Rich Fire on the Plumas and Lassen National Forests. After a portion of the plots were reburned by the 2012 Chips Fire, the data were used in an analysis investigating the effect of vegetation, fuels, topography, fire weather, and forest management on reburn severity. The purpose was to identify characteristics that land managers could target to influence the potential severity and frequency of subsequent fires to create more fire resilient forest landscapes.Original metadata date was 10\/14\/2015. An additional variable (tree_count) was added to the tree data file on 10\/27\/2015. On 05\/06\/2016 the Cross References were updated to include information for the new publication associated with these data (Coppoletta et al. 2016).\n\nMinor metadata updates on 12\/15\/2016.","keyword":["biota","environment","Fire","Fire effects on environment","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","lower montane mixed-conifer forest","post-fire","trees","shrubs","snags","fuels","Sierra Nevada","California","northern California","Plumas National Forest","Lassen National Forest","North Fork Feather River","Storrie Fire","Rich Fire","Chips Fire","Bar Fire","Butte Lightning Complex"],"spatial":"-124.536465,32.432436,-113.684409,42.684604","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0039","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0039","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-15"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Forest bird monitoring data from national forests of the western Great Lakes region","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0041","description":"Data in this package represent bird observations from monitoring programs in National Forests of the western Great Lakes region; Chippewa, Superior, Chequamegon and Nicolet. The Chequamegon unit of the Nicolet National Forest is referred to as an individual National Forest, \u2018Chequamegon\u2019, in this package and the associated publication by Niemi et al. (2016). The data are summaries of the number of observations by bird species by forest stand and by year. Each stand ID by National Forest combination represents a set of unique locations (usually 1-3 points) surveyed annually in the Chippewa (1995-2011), Superior (1995-2011) and Chequamegon (1995-2010) National Forests or biennially in the Nicolet National Forest (1987-2011).Breeding bird communities in forests of the western Great Lakes region are among the most diverse in North America, but the forest environment in this region has changed dramatically during the past 150 years. Researchers have systematically monitored forest birds in the region for more than two decades to address concerns about loss of biodiversity due to ongoing forest harvesting and to better inform forest planning.Original metadata date was 06\/07\/2016. Updates to references were made on 7\/11\/2016. Minor metadata updates on 12\/15\/2016 and 1\/12\/2017.","keyword":["biota","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Animal ecology","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Birds","breeding bird","bird assemblage","Laurentian forest","population trend","habitat affinity","forest management","conservation","disturbance","Western Great Lakes National Forests","western Great Lakes region","Chippewa National Forest","Superior National Forest","Chequamegon National Forest","Nicolet National Forest","Wisconsin","Minnesota"],"spatial":"-94.772137,45.027848,-88.240102,48.719342","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0041","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0041","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2017-01-12"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Daily air temperature, relative humidity, vapor pressure, PPFD, wind speed and direction for climate stations at the Coweeta Hydrologic Lab, North Carolina","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0042","description":"The data included consist of daily climatic information recorded at five climate stations at Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory in Macon County, North Carolina, USA: CS01, CS17, CS21, CS28, and CS77. These stations are operated by the Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service. Data include daily air temperature, relative humidity, barometric pressure (CS01 only), wind speed and direction, photosynthetically active photon flux density (PPFD), and solar radiation from 1983 through 2021 (starting year varies per climate station).The Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory was established in 1934 and is world-renowned for its research in forest hydrology. Coweeta was established to determine the fundamental effects of forest management on soil and water resources and to serve as a testing ground for theories in forest hydrology. To facilitate this, a network of climate and precipitation stations was established across the site. The research program has since expanded its focus to encompass watershed ecosystem science. The original climate and precipitation network continues to facilitate these studies and serves as the foundation of the long-term data record.Original metadata date 10\/27\/2015. Updated cross references on 12\/07\/15. On 01\/19\/2006 data updated to include measurements through 2015. Minor metadata updates on 12\/15\/2016. On 02\/28\/2017 data updated to include measurements through 2016. On 02\/08\/2018 data updated to include measurements through 2017, and on 02\/13\/2019 data through 2018 were added. Additional minor metadata updates were made on 09\/06\/2019. On 01\/27\/2020 data were updated to include 2019 measurements. On 03\/02\/2021 measurements for 2020 were added and some additional metadata updates were also made. Data for 2021 were added on 03\/03\/2022. Minor metadata edits were made on 07\/06\/2022.\n\t  \nFor more information about Coweeta: https:\/\/www.srs.fs.usda.gov\/coweeta\/research\/lter\/.","keyword":["climate","temperature","relative humidity","pressure","wind","solar radiation","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","environment","Climate change","Climate change effects","Climatology","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","Forest & Plant Health","Climate effects","Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory","Coweeta Lab","North Carolina","Macon County","southern Appalachians","Coweeta Basin"],"spatial":"-83.47845,35.02734,-83.42166,35.07382","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0042","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0042","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-07-06"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Forest stand age map of Canada (2011) and the United States (2006 & 2011)","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0043","description":"This data publication contains an update for the 2006 Continental United States (CONUS) and Alaska to the first continental forest stand age map of North America. A new map for 2011 covering Alaska, CONUS and Canada has been produced. It was made by combining forest inventory data, historical fire data, optical satellite data and other disturbance\/forest change products that have become available after the original product was published. A companion map of the standard deviations for age estimates, developed for quantifying uncertainty, is also included.The forest stand age data can be used in large-scale carbon modeling, both for land-based biogeochemistry models and atmosphere-based inversion models, in order to improve the spatial accuracy of carbon cycle simulations.This product is an updated version of Pan et al. (2014).\n\nOriginal metadata date was 11\/06\/2015. Minor metadata updates on 12\/15\/2016 and 07\/02\/2019.","keyword":["forest stand age","stand age","FIA plot data","North American Forest Dynamics Project","MTBS","LANDFIRE Public Events Database","FHTET","bark beetle mortality","Alaska fire history","biota","environment","geoscientificInformation","imageryBaseMapsEarthCover","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Plant ecology","North America","Canada","United States"],"spatial":"-180,6.048530,180,90","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0043","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0043","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2019-07-02"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Wildland Fire Potential (WFP) for the conterminous United States (270-m GRID), version 2012 classified","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0044","description":"The wildland fire potential (WFP) map is a raster geospatial product produced by the USDA Forest Service, Fire Modeling Institute that is intended to be used in analyses of wildfire risk or hazardous fuels prioritization at large landscapes (100s of square miles) up through regional or national scales. The WFP map builds upon, and integrates, estimates of burn probability (BP) and conditional probabilities of fire intensity levels (FILs) generated for the national interagency Fire Program Analysis system (FPA) using a simulation modeling system called the Large Fire Simulator (FSim; Finney et al. 2011). The specific objective of the 2012 WFP map is to depict the relative potential for wildfire that would be difficult for suppression resources to contain, based on past fire occurrence, 2008 fuels data from LANDFIRE, and 2012 estimates of wildfire likelihood and intensity from FSim. Areas with higher WFP values, therefore, represent fuels with a higher probability of experiencing high-intensity fire with torching, crowning, and other forms of extreme fire behavior under conducive weather conditions. Using the FPA FSim products as inputs, as well as spatial data for vegetation and fuels characteristics from LANDFIRE and point locations of fire occurrence from FPA (ca. 1992 - 2010), we used a logical series of geospatial processing steps to produce an index of WFP for all of the conterminous United States at 270 meter resolution. The final WFP map is classified into five WFP classes of very low, low, moderate, high, and very high. We don't intend for the WFP map to take the place of any of the FSim products; rather, we hope that it provides a useful addition to the information available to managers, policy makers, and scientists interested in wildland fire risk analysis in the United States. On its own, WFP does not provide an explicit map of wildfire threat or risk, because no information on the effects of wildfire on specific values such as habitats, structures or infrastructure is incorporated in its development. However, the WFP map could be used to create value-specific risk maps when paired with spatial data depicting highly valued resources (Thompson et al. 2011). It is important to note that the WFP is also not a forecast or wildfire outlook for any particular season, as it does not include any information on current or forecasted weather or fuel moisture conditions. It is instead intended for long-term strategic planning and fuels management.This dataset is the classified Wildland Fire Potential (WFP). It is intended for use in strategic wildland fire planning and land management planning at mostly regional to national scales. We have classified continuous WFP values into very low, low, moderate, high, and very high WFP classes, with national wildland fire and fuels planning objectives in mind.For a technical overview of the Fire Simulation (FSim) system developed by the USDA Forest Service, Missoula Fire Sciences Laboratory to estimate probabilistic components of wildfire risk see Finney et al. 2011. The utility of the calibrated FSim BP and FIL data for quantitative geospatial wildfire risk assessment is detailed in a companion paper by Thompson et al. 2011.\n\t  \nFinney, Mark A.; McHugh, Charles W.; Grenfell, Isaac C.; Riley, Karin L.; Short, Karen C. 2011. A Simulation of Probabilistic Wildfire Risk Components for the Continental United States. Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment 25:973-1000. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00477-011-0462-z\n\nThompson, Matthew P.; Calkin, David E.; Finney, Mark A.; Ager, Alan A.; Gilbertson-Day, Julie W. 2011. Integrated national-scale assessment of wildfire risk to human and ecological values. Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment 25:761-780. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00477-011-0461-0\n\nOriginal metadata date was 11\/09\/2015. Minor metadata updates on 12\/15\/2016 and 11\/13\/2019.","keyword":["biota","environment","imageryBaseMapsEarthCover","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Fire","Fire detection","Fire ecology","Fire effects on environment","Fire suppression, pre-suppression","Prescribed fire","Environment and People","Forest management","Landscape management","burn probability","fire likelihood","hazard","risk assessment","fire planning","fuels","fuels management","wildfire hazard potential","wildland fire potential","conterminous United States","United States","CONUS"],"spatial":"-127.948502,22.769813,-65.296368,51.632799","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0044","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0044","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2019-11-13"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Wildland Fire Potential (WFP) for the conterminous United States (270-m GRID), version 2012 continuous","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0045","description":"The wildland fire potential (WFP) map is a raster geospatial product produced by the USDA Forest Service, Fire Modeling Institute that is intended to be used in analyses of wildfire risk or hazardous fuels prioritization at large landscapes (100s of square miles) up through regional or national scales. The WFP map builds upon, and integrates, estimates of burn probability (BP) and conditional probabilities of fire intensity levels (FILs) generated for the national interagency Fire Program Analysis system (FPA) using a simulation modeling system called the Large Fire Simulator (FSim; Finney et al. 2011). The specific objective of the 2012 WFP map is to depict the relative potential for wildfire that would be difficult for suppression resources to contain, based on past fire occurrence, 2008 fuels data from LANDFIRE, and 2012 estimates of wildfire likelihood and intensity from FSim. Areas with higher WFP values, therefore, represent fuels with a higher probability of experiencing high-intensity fire with torching, crowning, and other forms of extreme fire behavior under conducive weather conditions. Using the FPA FSim products as inputs, as well as spatial data for vegetation and fuels characteristics from LANDFIRE and point locations of fire occurrence from FPA (ca. 1992 - 2010), we used a logical series of geospatial processing steps to produce an index of WFP for all of the conterminous United States at 270 meter resolution. The final WFP map is continuous integer values. We don't intend for the WFP map to take the place of any of the FSim products; rather, we hope that it provides a useful addition to the information available to managers, policy makers, and scientists interested in wildland fire risk analysis in the United States. On its own, WFP does not provide an explicit map of wildfire threat or risk, because no information on the effects of wildfire on specific values such as habitats, structures or infrastructure is incorporated in its development. However, the WFP map could be used to create value-specific risk maps when paired with spatial data depicting highly valued resources (Thompson et al. 2011). It is important to note that the WFP is also not a forecast or wildfire outlook for any particular season, as it does not include any information on current or forecasted weather or fuel moisture conditions. It is instead intended for long-term strategic planning and fuels management.This dataset is the continuous Wildland Fire Potential (WFP). It is intended for use in strategic wildland fire planning and land management planning at mostly regional to national scales.For a technical overview of the Fire Simulation (FSim) system developed by the USDA Forest Service, Missoula Fire Sciences Laboratory to estimate probabilistic components of wildfire risk see Finney et al. 2011. The utility of the calibrated FSim BP and FIL data for quantitative geospatial wildfire risk assessment is detailed in a companion paper by Thompson et al. 2011.\n\t  \nFinney, Mark A.; McHugh, Charles W.; Grenfell, Isaac C.; Riley, Karin L.; Short, Karen C. 2011. A Simulation of Probabilistic Wildfire Risk Components for the Continental United States. Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment 25:973-1000. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00477-011-0462-z\n\nThompson, Matthew P.; Calkin, David E.; Finney, Mark A.; Ager, Alan A.; Gilbertson-Day, Julie W. 2011. Integrated national-scale assessment of wildfire risk to human and ecological values. Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment 25:761-780. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00477-011-0461-0\n\nOriginal metadata date was 11\/09\/2015. Minor metadata updates on 12\/15\/2016 and 11\/13\/2019.","keyword":["biota","environment","imageryBaseMapsEarthCover","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Fire","Fire detection","Fire ecology","Fire effects on environment","Fire suppression, pre-suppression","Prescribed fire","Environment and People","Forest management","Landscape management","burn probability","fire likelihood","hazard","risk assessment","fire planning","fuels","fuels management","wildfire hazard potential","wildland fire potential","conterminous United States","United States","CONUS"],"spatial":"-127.948502,22.769813,-65.296368,51.632799","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0045","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0045","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2019-11-13"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Wildfire Hazard Potential (WHP) for the conterminous United States (270-m GRID), version 2018 classified","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0046-2","description":"Federal wildfire managers often want to know, over large landscapes, where wildfires are likely to occur and how intense they may be. To meet this need we developed a map that we call wildfire hazard potential (WHP) \u2013 a raster geospatial product that can help to inform evaluations of wildfire risk or prioritization of fuels management needs across very large spatial scales (millions of acres). Our specific objective with the WHP map was to depict the relative potential for wildfire that would be difficult for suppression resources to contain. To create the 2018 version, we built upon spatial estimates of wildfire likelihood and intensity generated in 2016 with the Large Fire Simulation system (FSim), as well as spatial fuels and vegetation data from LANDFIRE 2012 and point locations of fire occurrence from FPA (ca. 1992 \u2013 2013). With these datasets as inputs, we produced an index of WHP for all of the conterminous United States at 270 meter resolution. We present the final WHP map as five WHP classes of very low, low, moderate, high, and very high. On its own, WHP is not an explicit map of wildfire threat or risk, but when paired with spatial data depicting highly valued resources and assets such as structures or powerlines, it can approximate relative wildfire risk to those specific resources and assets. WHP is also not a forecast or wildfire outlook for any particular season, as it does not include any information on current or forecasted weather or fuel moisture conditions. It is instead intended for long-term strategic fuels management.This dataset is the classified wildfire hazard potential (WHP). It is intended for use in strategic wildland fuels and land management planning at mostly regional to national scales. We have classified continuous WHP values into very low, low, moderate, high, and very high WHP classes, with national wildland fire and fuels planning objectives in mind.This data publication is a second edition that was made available on 10\/10\/2018. Minor metadata updates were included on 11\/13\/2019. The first edition (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0046) represents WHP mapped in 2014, depicting landscape conditions as of 2010. This second edition is the 2018 version, and depicts landscape conditions as of 2012. (See \\Supplements\\WHP2014_to_2018_ChangeSummary.pdf for a summary of the changes between the first and second editions of these data.)\n\t  \nTo check for the latest version of the WHP geospatial data and map graphics, as well as documentation on the mapping process, see: https:\/\/www.firelab.org\/project\/wildland-fire-potential.\n\nDetails about the Wildfire Hazard Potential mapping process can be found in Dillon et al. 2015. Steps described in this paper about weighting for crown fire potential have been dropped in the 2018 version due to changes to the FSim modeling products used as the primary inputs to WHP mapping.\n\nThe FSim products used to create the 2018 version of WHP can be found here in Short et al. 2016.\n\n\nDillon, Gregory K.; Menakis, James; Fay, Frank. 2015. Wildland fire potential: A tool for assessing wildfire risk and fuels management needs. In: Keane, Robert E.; Jolly, Matt; Parsons, Russell; Riley, Karin. Proceedings of the large wildland fires conference; May 19-23, 2014; Missoula, MT. Proc. RMRS-P-73. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. p. 60-76. https:\/\/www.fs.usda.gov\/treesearch\/pubs\/49429\n\nShort, Karen C.; Finney, Mark A.; Scott, Joe H.; Gilbertson-Day, Julie W.; Grenfell, Isaac C. 2016. Spatial dataset of probabilistic wildfire risk components for the conterminous United States. Fort Collins, CO: Forest Service Research Data Archive. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0034","keyword":["environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Fire","Fire detection","Fire ecology","Fire effects on environment","Fire suppression, pre-suppression","Prescribed fire","Environment and People","Forest management","Landscape management","burn probability","hazard","fuels management","fire suppression","fire likelihood","fire planning","risk assessment","wildland fire potential","wildfire hazard potential","conterminous United States","United States","CONUS"],"spatial":"-127.972202,22.765684,-65.258792,51.632799","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0046-2","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0046-2","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2019-11-13"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Wildfire Hazard Potential (WHP) for the conterminous United States (270-m GRID), version 2014 classified","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0046","description":"Federal wildfire managers often want to know, over large landscapes, where wildfires are likely to occur and how intense they may be. To meet this need we developed a map that we call wildfire hazard potential (WHP) \u2013 a raster geospatial product that can help to inform evaluations of wildfire risk or prioritization of fuels management needs across very large spatial scales (millions of acres). Our specific objective with the WHP map was to depict the relative potential for wildfire that would be difficult for suppression resources to contain. To create the 2014 version, we built upon spatial estimates of wildfire likelihood and intensity generated in 2014 with the Large Fire Simulation system (FSim) for the national interagency Fire Program Analysis system (FPA), as well as spatial fuels and vegetation data from LANDFIRE 2010 and point locations of fire occurrence from FPA (ca. 1992 \u2013 2012). With these datasets as inputs, we produced an index of WHP for all of the conterminous United States at 270 meter resolution. We present the final WHP map with five WHP classes of very low, low, moderate, high, and very high. On its own, WHP is not an explicit map of wildfire threat or risk, but when paired with spatial data depicting highly valued resources and assets such as structures or powerlines, it can approximate relative wildfire risk to those specific resources and assets. WHP is also not a forecast or wildfire outlook for any particular season, as it does not include any information on current or forecasted weather or fuel moisture conditions. It is instead intended for long-term strategic fuels management.This dataset is the classified Wildfire Hazard Potential (WHP). It is intended for use in strategic wildland fuels and land management planning at mostly regional to national scales. We have classified continuous WHP values into very low, low, moderate, high, and very high WHP classes, with national wildland fire and fuels planning objectives in mind.A second edition of these data is now available. This first edition represents WHP mapped in 2014, depicting landscape conditions as of 2010. The second edition is the 2018 version (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0046-2), and depicts landscape conditions as of 2012.\n\t  \nOriginal metadata date for this first edition was 11\/09\/2015. Minor metadata updates were made on 12\/15\/2016 and 10\/10\/2018. Updates on 10\/10\/2018 also included reference to the newer edition of these data. On 06\/26\/2019 additional minor metadata updates were made.\n  \nFor a technical overview of the Fire Simulation (FSim) system developed by the USDA Forest Service, Missoula Fire Sciences Laboratory to estimate probabilistic components of wildfire risk see Finney et al. 2011. The utility of the calibrated FSim BP and FIL data for quantitative geospatial wildfire risk assessment is detailed in a companion paper by Thompson et al. 2011.\n\t  \nFinney, Mark A.; McHugh, Charles W.; Grenfell, Isaac C.; Riley, Karin L.; Short, Karen C. 2011. A Simulation of Probabilistic Wildfire Risk Components for the Continental United States. Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment 25:973-1000. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00477-011-0462-z\n\nThompson, Matthew P.; Calkin, David E.; Finney, Mark A.; Ager, Alan A.; Gilbertson-Day, Julie W. 2011. Integrated national-scale assessment of wildfire risk to human and ecological values. Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment 25:761-780. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00477-011-0461-0\n\n\n*This first edition of data are also available as a map service: https:\/\/apps.fs.usda.gov\/fsgisx01\/rest\/services\/RDW_Wildfire\/RMRS_WildfireHazardPotential_2014\/MapServer.","keyword":["biota","environment","imageryBaseMapsEarthCover","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Fire","Fire detection","Fire ecology","Fire effects on environment","Fire suppression, pre-suppression","Prescribed fire","Environment and People","Forest management","Landscape management","burn probability","fire likelihood","hazard","risk assessment","fire planning","fuels","fuels management","wildfire hazard potential","wildland fire potential","conterminous United States","United States","CONUS"],"spatial":"-127.972202,22.765684,-65.258792,51.632799","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0046","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0046","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2019-06-26"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Wildfire Hazard Potential (WHP) for the conterminous United States (270-m GRID), version 2018 continuous","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0047-2","description":"Federal wildfire managers often want to know, over large landscapes, where wildfires are likely to occur and how intense they may be. To meet this need we developed a map that we call wildfire hazard potential (WHP) \u2013 a raster geospatial product that can help to inform evaluations of wildfire risk or prioritization of fuels management needs across very large spatial scales (millions of acres). Our specific objective with the WHP map was to depict the relative potential for wildfire that would be difficult for suppression resources to contain. To create the 2018 version, we built upon spatial estimates of wildfire likelihood and intensity generated in 2016 with the Large Fire Simulation system (FSim), as well as spatial fuels and vegetation data from LANDFIRE 2012 and point locations of fire occurrence from FPA (ca. 1992 \u2013 2013). With these datasets as inputs, we produced an index of WHP for all of the conterminous United States at 270 meter resolution. We present the final WHP map as continuous integer values. On its own, WHP is not an explicit map of wildfire threat or risk, but when paired with spatial data depicting highly valued resources and assets such as structures or powerlines, it can approximate relative wildfire risk to those specific resources and assets. WHP is also not a forecast or wildfire outlook for any particular season, as it does not include any information on current or forecasted weather or fuel moisture conditions. It is instead intended for long-term strategic fuels management.This dataset is the continuous wildfire hazard potential (WHP). It is intended for use in strategic wildland fuels and land management planning at mostly regional to national scales.This data publication is a second edition that was made available on 10\/10\/2018. Minor metadata updates were included on 11\/13\/2019 and 10\/27\/2022. The first edition (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0047) represents WHP mapped in 2014, depicting landscape conditions as of 2010. This second edition is the 2018 version, and depicts landscape conditions as of 2012. (See \\Supplements\\WHP2014_to_2018_ChangeSummary.pdf for a summary of the changes between the first and second editions of these data.)\n\nTo check for the latest version of the WHP geospatial data and map graphics, as well as documentation on the mapping process, see: https:\/\/www.firelab.org\/project\/wildland-fire-potential.\n\nDetails about the Wildfire Hazard Potential mapping process can be found in Dillon et al. 2015. Steps described in this paper about weighting for crown fire potential have been dropped in the 2018 version due to changes to the FSim modeling products used as the primary inputs to WHP mapping.\n\nThe FSim products used to create the 2018 version of WHP can be found here in Short et al. 2016.\n\n\nDillon, Gregory K.; Menakis, James; Fay, Frank. 2015. Wildland fire potential: A tool for assessing wildfire risk and fuels management needs. In: Keane, Robert E.; Jolly, Matt; Parsons, Russell; Riley, Karin. Proceedings of the large wildland fires conference; May 19-23, 2014; Missoula, MT. Proc. RMRS-P-73. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. p. 60-76. https:\/\/www.fs.usda.gov\/research\/treesearch\/49429\n\nShort, Karen C.; Finney, Mark A.; Scott, Joe H.; Gilbertson-Day, Julie W.; Grenfell, Isaac C. 2016. Spatial dataset of probabilistic wildfire risk components for the conterminous United States. Fort Collins, CO: Forest Service Research Data Archive. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0034","keyword":["environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Fire","Fire detection","Fire ecology","Fire effects on environment","Fire suppression, pre-suppression","Prescribed fire","Environment and People","Forest management","Landscape management","burn probability","hazard","fuels management","fire likelihood","fire planning","risk assessment","wildland fire potential","wildfire hazard potential","conterminous United States","United States","CONUS"],"spatial":"-127.972202,22.765684,-65.258792,51.632799","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0047-2","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0047-2","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-10-27"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Wildfire Hazard Potential (WHP) for the conterminous United States (270-m GRID), version 2014 continuous","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0047","description":"Federal wildfire managers often want to know, over large landscapes, where wildfires are likely to occur and how intense they may be. To meet this need we developed a map that we call wildfire hazard potential (WHP) \u2013 a raster geospatial product that can help to inform evaluations of wildfire risk or prioritization of fuels management needs across very large spatial scales (millions of acres). Our specific objective with the WHP map was to depict the relative potential for wildfire that would be difficult for suppression resources to contain. To create the 2014 version, we built upon spatial estimates of wildfire likelihood and intensity generated in 2014 with the Large Fire Simulation system (FSim) for the national interagency Fire Program Analysis system (FPA), as well as spatial fuels and vegetation data from LANDFIRE 2010 and point locations of fire occurrence from FPA (ca. 1992 \u2013 2012). With these datasets as inputs, we produced an index of WHP for all of the conterminous United States at 270 meter resolution. We present the final WHP map as continuous integer values. On its own, WHP is not an explicit map of wildfire threat or risk, but when paired with spatial data depicting highly valued resources and assets such as structures or powerlines, it can approximate relative wildfire risk to those specific resources and assets. WHP is also not a forecast or wildfire outlook for any particular season, as it does not include any information on current or forecasted weather or fuel moisture conditions. It is instead intended for long-term strategic fuels management.This dataset is the continuous Wildfire Hazard Potential (WHP). It is intended for use in strategic wildland fuels and land management planning at mostly regional to national scales.A second edition of these data is now available. This first edition represents WHP mapped in 2014, depicting landscape conditions as of 2010. The second edition is the 2018 version (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0047-2), and depicts landscape conditions as of 2012.\n\t  \nOriginal metadata date was 11\/09\/2015. Minor metadata updates were made on 12\/15\/2016 and 10\/10\/2018. Updates on 10\/10\/2018 also included reference to the newer edition of these data. Additional minor metadata updates were made on 11\/13\/2019.\n\t  \nFor a technical overview of the Fire Simulation (FSim) system developed by the USDA Forest Service, Missoula Fire Sciences Laboratory to estimate probabilistic components of wildfire risk see Finney et al. 2011. The utility of the calibrated FSim BP and FIL data for quantitative geospatial wildfire risk assessment is detailed in a companion paper by Thompson et al. 2011.\n\t  \nFinney, Mark A.; McHugh, Charles W.; Grenfell, Isaac C.; Riley, Karin L.; Short, Karen C. 2011. A Simulation of Probabilistic Wildfire Risk Components for the Continental United States. Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment 25:973-1000. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00477-011-0462-z\n\nThompson, Matthew P.; Calkin, David E.; Finney, Mark A.; Ager, Alan A.; Gilbertson-Day, Julie W. 2011. Integrated national-scale assessment of wildfire risk to human and ecological values. Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment 25:761-780. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00477-011-0461-0","keyword":["biota","environment","imageryBaseMapsEarthCover","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Fire","Fire detection","Fire ecology","Fire effects on environment","Fire suppression, pre-suppression","Prescribed fire","Environment and People","Forest management","Landscape management","burn probability","fire likelihood","hazard","risk assessment","fire planning","fuels","fuels management","wildfire hazard potential","wildland fire potential","conterminous United States","United States","CONUS"],"spatial":"-127.972202,22.765684,-65.258792,51.632799","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0047","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0047","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2019-11-13"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04"],"programCode":["010:164"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"RxCADRE 2012: In-situ wind, air temperature, barometric pressure, and heat flux time series data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0048","description":"This data publication contains in-situ sonic anemometer 3D wind velocity and temperature, thermocouple air temperatures, atmospheric pressure, and radiative\/total heat flux time series data collected during the 2012 Prescribed Fire Combustion and Atmospheric Dynamics Research Experiment (RxCADRE). Two sonic anemometers were mounted on a tower placed within each burn plot along with an array of thermocouples every meter from the ground. Radiative and total heat flux sensors were mounted on the tower in the nadir-viewing direction to measure the heat flux as the fire propagated beneath the sensors. Atmospheric pressure sensor was also mounted on the tower to measure the pressure change due to the fire frontal passage. Data were collected at the Eglin Air Force Base, northeast of Valparaiso, Florida in Okaloosa County. Study sites included six small replicate grass fires (S3, S4, S5, S7, S8, and S9), two large operational grass fires (L1G and L2G), and one large operational forested unit (L2F). The sensor recorded data prior to ignition and during the fires.The RxCADRE project was developed as a response to a lack of integrated, quality-assured fuels, atmospheric, fire behavior, energy, smoke and effects data, a problem which hinders scientists' ability to evaluate fire models and tackle fundamental fire science questions. The goal of the project was to allowing leading fire scientists to come together and collect fire data on the same prescribed burns and to create quality fire and fuels data that can be shared between scientists and placed in a public database so it can be accessed by anyone.A short summary of the RxCADRE project can be found in the full data publication download (\\Supplements\\RxCADRE_Project_Overview.pdf). Information about the RxCADRE project can also be found here: https:\/\/www.fs.fed.us\/pnw\/fera\/research\/rxcadre\/.\n\t  \nOriginal metadata date was 11\/10\/2015. Minor metadata updates on 07\/01\/2016.\n\nMinor metadata updates on 12\/15\/2016.","keyword":["biota","environment","Fire","Fire detection","Fire ecology","Fire effects on environment","Fire suppression, pre-suppression","Prescribed fire","Smoke","fire behavior","wildland fire","in-situ wind measurement","plume temperature","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","Eglin Air Force Base","Florida"],"spatial":"-86.764,30.520,-86.711,30.563","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0048","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0048","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-15"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Daily air temperature data, recorded by NWS thermometer, from climate station 01 at Coweeta Hydrologic Lab, North Carolina","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0049","description":"This dataset contains 1935-2021 daily air temperature recorded by the National Weather Service maximum\/minimum thermometers at the main climate station (CS01) at Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory in Macon County, North Carolina, USA. The station is operated by the Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, but is also a cooperative station with the National Weather Service.The Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory was established in 1934 and is world-renowned for its research in forest hydrology. Coweeta was established to determine the fundamental effects of forest management on soil and water resources and to serve as a testing ground for theories in forest hydrology. To facilitate this, a network of climate and precipitation stations was established across the site. The research program has since expanded its focus to encompass watershed ecosystem science. The original climate and precipitation network continues to facilitate these studies and serves as the foundation of the long-term data record.Original metadata date 12\/07\/2015. On 01\/19\/2016 data updated to include measurements through 2015. Minor metadata updates on 12\/15\/2016. On 02\/28\/2017 data updated to include measurements through 2016. On 02\/13\/2018 data updated to include measurements through 2017, and on 02\/13\/2019 data through 2018 were added. Additional minor metadata updates were made on 09\/06\/2019. On 01\/27\/2020 data were updated to include 2019 measurements. On 03\/02\/2021 data for 2020 were added. Data for 2021 were added on 03\/03\/2022.\n\nFor more information about Coweeta: https:\/\/www.srs.fs.usda.gov\/coweeta\/research\/lter\/.","keyword":["climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","environment","Climate change","Climate change effects","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Forest & Plant Health","Climate effects","climate","temperature","Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory","Coweeta Lab","North Carolina","Macon County","southern Appalachians","Coweeta Basin","NCDC Coop ID 31202"],"spatial":"-83.47845,35.02734,-83.42166,35.07382","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0049","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0049","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-03-03"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Early successional forest and land cover geospatial data of the upper Midwest","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0001","description":"These geospatial data portray early successional forest (ESF) and other land cover in Michigan, Wisconsin, and most of Minnesota. Forest canopy disturbance between 1990 and 2009 was mapped using 42 Landsat time series stacks (LTSS) and a modified version of the vegetation change tracker algorithm (VCTw). Corresponding winter imagery was used to reduce commission errors of forest disturbance in densely vegetated nonforest tracts by identifying areas of persistent snow cover and assigning those areas to nonforest class. The resulting disturbance age map was classed into four 5-year age classes and persisting cover classes, then used to attribute age to forested pixels within the National Land Cover Database of 2011 (NLCD2011). Additional post processing was conducted to reduce misregistration, and a minimum mapping unit of 4 30-meter pixels was applied to comply with the USDA Forest Service, Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) definition of forest. A small percentage of NLCD2011 Shrub\/Scrub and Grassland\/Herbaceous pixels were also reclassified as forest based on VCTw data (see processing steps).These data were produced to identify early successional forest for wildlife habitat analyses at a regional scale. Other possible uses include coarse scale analysis of regional or statewide forest change and succession monitoring, erosion and water quality modeling, carbon accounting, forest fragmentation monitoring, and land management planning.Original metadata dates was 01\/14\/2016. On 04\/07\/2016 the layer file was slightly modified by updating a path which now points to a relative location so that it works for all users, and the metadata updated accordingly. Minor metadata updates on 12\/19\/2016 and 04\/12\/2019.","keyword":["biota","imageryBaseMapsEarthCover","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Geography","forest canopy disturbance","disturbance mapping","change detection","vegetation change tracker","VCTw","Landsat time series stack","map","early successional forest","ESF","image analysis","natural resource management","remote sensing","geospatial data","ecology","habitat alteration","land use change","habitat fragmentation","land use and land cover","forest resources","forest ecosystems","upper Midwest","United States of America","Michigan","Wisconsin","Minnesota","Great Lakes","Bird Conservation Region 12","Bird Conservation Region 23","BCR 12","BCR 23"],"spatial":"-96.512793,41.205863,-81.028871,49.386882","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0001","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0001","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2019-04-12"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Kane Experimental Forest: Overstory tree data from a thinning study in Allegheny hardwoods","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0002","description":"This data publication contains individual tree diameter data collected from 1972 to 2012 under the study plan 4110-FS-NE-1152-76 \"Study Plan: Thinning study in Allegheny hardwoods\" on the Kane Experimental Forest in Pennsylvania. This study provides data about tree growth and survival as affected by stand structure parameters and thinning regimes from 30% to 100% residual density.To correlate growth and mortality by species and diameter class with relative density and structure in the residual stand.The raw data publication available represents several study areas of an ongoing, long-term study. Data collected in additional treatment areas through revisions to this study will be made available at a later time. We recommend that users review the documentation provided with the full data publication download before proceeding with data summary or analysis.\n\nSeveral papers using data collected through this study are available in the Cross Reference section. \n\nOriginal metadata date was 1\/12\/2016. Minor metadata updates on 12\/19\/2016.","keyword":["biota","environment","Forest Products","Forest products industry","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Assessments","Natural Resource Management & Use","Conservation","Ecosystem services","Forest management","Restoration","Timber","Climate change","Carbon","silviculture","species composition","forest stand dynamics","tree and stand growth","carbon sequestration","relative density","stocking","Kane Experimental Forest","Pennsylvania"],"spatial":"-78.79828,41.59866,-78.77761,41.60411","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0002","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0002","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-19"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Bailey's ecoregions and subregions of the United States, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0003","description":"This map is commonly called Bailey's ecoregions and shows ecosystems of regional extent in the United States, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands, based on conditions in 1994. Four levels of detail are included to show a hierarchy of ecosystems. The largest ecosystems are domains, which are groups of related climates and which are differentiated based on precipitation and temperature. Divisions represent the climates within domains and are differentiated based on precipitation levels and patterns as well as temperature. Divisions are subdivided into provinces, which are differentiated based on vegetation or other natural land covers. The finest level of detail is described by subregions, called sections, which are subdivisions of provinces based on terrain features. Also identified are mountainous areas that exhibit different ecological zones based on elevation. Also included are maps of the Bailey Ecoregions of the United States in multiple formats and sizes.These data are intended for geographic display and analysis at the national level, and for large regional areas. The data should be displayed and analyzed at scales appropriate for 1:7,500,000-scale data.Data were originally published on 02\/23\/2016. Minor metadata updates were made on 07\/21\/2016 and 12\/19\/2016. On 12\/03\/2019, the metadata was updated to include links to this National Geospatial Data Asset (NGDA) which was also available as a map service. Effective 03\/12\/2021, these data were no longer considered an NGDA so the link to the map service was removed on 03\/22\/2024 along with a few other minor metadata updates.","keyword":["biota","environment","Climate change","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","ecoregions","Bailey's ecoregions","ecosystems","regional ecology","ecosystem geography","mapping","conterminous United States of America","United States of America","Puerto Rico","U.S. Virgin Islands","Alaska","Hawaii"],"spatial":"-179.970422,8.099160,179.997415,80.742555","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0003","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0003","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-03-22"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Seed and ring width data from 'Climate drivers of seed production in Picea engelmannii and response to warming temperatures in the southern Rocky Mountains'","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0004","description":"Seed production by Picea engelmannii was monitored at 13 plots distributed across an approximately 670 meter elevation gradient in the Fraser Experimental Forest near Fraser, Colorado. Seeds were collected annually between 1970 and 2010 from ten wire mesh seed traps located in each of the 13 plots. Annual plot level estimates of seed abundance were derived from an average value of the 10 traps. Data include plot level empty and sound seed abundance estimates as well as seasonal temperature and precipitation values obtained from gridded climate datasets. In 2011 tree cores were collected for approximately 15 canopy trees within each of the 13 seed plots and annual tree ring widths measured.The main objectives were to quantify the temporal and spatial patterns of reproduction in Picea engelmannii and to determine the climatic factors driving inter-annual variability in reproductive effort.These data were originally published on 03\/02\/2016. Minor metadata updates were made on 12\/19\/2016 and 03\/04\/2024.","keyword":["biota","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Forest & Plant Health","Botany","Climate effects","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Picea engelmannii","reproductive biology","masting","Fraser Experimental Forest","Colorado","Rocky Mountains"],"spatial":"-105.9583,39.7917,-105.8458,39.9383","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0004","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0004","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-03-04"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Urban tree database","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0005","description":"This data publication contains urban tree growth data collected over a period of 14 years (1998-2012) in 17 cities from 13 states across the United States: Arizona, California, Colorado, Florida, Hawaii, Idaho, Indiana, Minnesota, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, Oregon, and South Carolina. \n\nMeasurements were taken on over 14,000 urban street and park trees. Key information collected for each tree species includes bole and crown size, location, and age. Based on these measurements, 365 sets of allometric equations were developed for tree species from around the U.S. Each \u201cset\u201d consists of eight equations for each of the approximately 20 most abundant species in each of 16 climate regions. Tree age is used to predict a species diameter at breast height (dbh), and dbh is used to predict tree height, crown diameter, crown height, and leaf area. Dbh is also used to predict age. For applications with remote sensing, average crown diameter is used to predict dbh. There are 171 distinct species represented within this database. Some species grow in more than one region. The Urban Tree Database (UTD) contains foliar biomass data (raw data and summarized results from the foliar sampling for each species and region) that are fundamental to calculating leaf area, as well as tree biomass equations (compiled from literature) for carbon storage estimates. An expanded list of dry weight biomass density factors for common urban species is made available to assist users in using volumetric equations.Information on urban tree growth underpins models used to calculate effects of trees on the environment and human well-being. Maximum tree size and other growth data are used by urban forest managers, landscape architects and planners to select trees most suitable to the amount of growing space, thereby reducing costly future conflicts between trees and infrastructure. Growth data are used to develop correlations between growth and influencing factors such as site conditions and stewardship practices. Despite the importance of tree growth data to the science and practice of urban forestry, our knowledge is scant. Over a period of 14 years scientists with the U.S. Forest Service recorded data from a consistent set of measurements on over 14,000 trees in 17 U.S. cities.These data were originally published on 03\/02\/2016. The metadata was updated on 10\/06\/2016 to include reference to a new publication. Minor metadata updates were made on 12\/15\/2016. On 01\/07\/2020 this data publication was updated to correct a few species' names and systematic errors in the data that were found. A complete list of these changes is included (\\Supplements\\Errata_Jan2020_RDS-2016-0005.pdf). In addition, we have included a list of changes for the General Technical Report associated with these data (\\Supplements\\Errata_Jan2020_PNW-GTR-253.pdf).","keyword":["biota","environment","health","planningCadastre","society","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Environment and People","Urban natural resources management","Forest & Plant Health","Climate effects","Human effects","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Natural Resource Management & Use","Ecosystem services","allometry","growth models","predictive equations","tree growth","urban trees","United States of America","Arizona","California","Colorado","Florida","Hawaii","Idaho","Indiana","Minnesota","New Mexico","New York","North Carolina","Oregon","South Carolina","Orlando","Charleston","Claremont","Modesto","Albuquerque","Indianapolis","Minneapolis","Fort Collins","Berkeley","Queens","Longview","Charlotte","Sacramento","Santa Monica","Glendale","Boise","Honolulu"],"spatial":"-160,20,-65,50","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0005","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0005","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2020-01-21"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"RxCADRE 2008: Wildfire Airborne Sensor Program - Lite uncalibrated long wave infrared image mosaics","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0006","description":"The Prescribed Fire Combustion and Atmospheric Dynamics Research Experiment (RxCADRE) was designed to collect atmospheric, fuels, fire behavior, energy balance, emissions, and fire effects data to evaluate and advance fire models and further our understanding of fire science questions. This data package contains five manually georectified but radiometrically uncalibrated, and sometimes saturated, long wave infrared (LWIR) image mosaics collected in 2008 with the WASP-Lite (Wildfire Airborne Sensor Program) sensor as part of the RxCADRE project in longleaf pine (Pinus palustrus) ecosystems of the southeastern USA. Images were obtained for five large operational surface fires conducted in 2008. Three of the fires (Dubignon East, North Boundary, Turkey Woods) were at the Joseph Jones Ecological Research Center at Ichauway near Camila, Georgia. The other two fires (307B and 608A) were at Eglin Air Force Base near Valparaiso, Florida.The purpose was to acquire LWIR infrared images to record fire spread and radiative heat release at frequent intervals during prescribed fires. These image mosaics provide the user with a time series recording the firelines at various sample times during the fire. Although the hot pixel observations are saturated, this fire location information might be useful for monitoring fire spread.A short summary of the RxCADRE project can be found in the full data publication download (\\Supplements\\RxCADRE_Project_Overview.pdf). Information about the RxCADRE project can also be found here: https:\/\/www.fs.fed.us\/pnw\/fera\/research\/rxcadre\/.\n\t  \nOriginal metadata date 03\/14\/2016. On 5\/31\/2016 a typo in the title was corrected. Minor metadata updates on 12\/15\/2016.","keyword":["biota","imageryBaseMapsEarthCover","Fire","Fire detection","Fire ecology","Fire effects on environment","Prescribed fire","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","remote sensing","thermal infrared imagery","RxCADRE","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","Joseph Jones Ecological Research Center","Ichauway","Georgia","Eglin Air Force Base","Florida"],"spatial":"-86.77,30.51,-84.42,31.27","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0006","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0006","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-15"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04"],"programCode":["010:164"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"RxCADRE 2011 and 2012: Wildfire Airborne Sensor Program orthorectified and calibrated long wave infrared images","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0007","description":"The Prescribed Fire Combustion and Atmospheric Dynamics Research Experiment (RxCADRE) was designed to collect atmospheric, fuels, fire behavior, energy balance, emissions, and fire effects data to evaluate and advance fire models and further our understanding of fire science questions. This data package contains geometrically rectified and radiometrically calibrated raw long wave infrared (LWIR) images collected with the Wildfire Airborne Sensor Program (WASP) sensor at Eglin Air Force Base near Valparaiso, Florida in longleaf pine (Pinus palustrus) ecosystems of the southeastern USA as part of the RxCADRE project. The LWIR images quantify ground-leaving exitance released during five operational surface fires that burned in forested burn blocks in 2011 (608A and 703C), non-forested burn blocks (L1G and L2G), and a forested burn block in 2012 (L2F). Images are available every 4 seconds for the 2011 burns and every three seconds for the 2012 burns within each aircraft pass over a burn block.The purpose was to acquire LWIR imagery to record the fire spread and radiative heat release at frequent intervals during prescribed fires. Pixel values are calibrated to Fire Radiative Flux Density (FRFD) in units of watts per square meter (Dickinson and Kremens 2015). Integrating the calibrated pixel values over the whole time series provides a measure of Fire Radiative Energy Density (FRED) in units of kiloJoules per square meter following Hudak et al. 2016.A short summary of the RxCADRE project can be found in the full data publication download (\\Supplements\\RxCADRE_Project_Overview.pdf). Information about the RxCADRE project can also be found here: https:\/\/www.fs.fed.us\/pnw\/fera\/research\/rxcadre\/.\n\t  \nOriginal metadata date 03\/21\/2016. On 5\/31\/2016 a typo in the title was corrected. Minor metadata updates on 12\/15\/2016.","keyword":["biota","imageryBaseMapsEarthCover","Fire","Fire detection","Fire ecology","Fire effects on environment","Prescribed fire","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","remote sensing","thermal infrared imagery","RxCADRE","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","Florida","Eglin Air Force Base"],"spatial":"-86.87,30.45,-86.26,30.66","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0007","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0007","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-15"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04"],"programCode":["010:164"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"RxCADRE 2011 and 2012: Wildfire Airborne Sensor Program long wave infrared calibrated image mosaics","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0008","description":"The Prescribed Fire Combustion and Atmospheric Dynamics Research Experiment (RxCADRE) was designed to collect atmospheric, fuels, fire behavior, energy balance, emissions, and fire effects data to evaluate and advance fire models and further our understanding of fire science questions. Hudak et al. 2016 (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0007) contains geometrically rectified and radiometrically calibrated (watts per square meter) long wave infrared (LWIR) images collected with the Wildfire Airborne Sensor Program (WASP) sensor at Eglin Air Force Base near Valparaiso, Florida in longleaf pine (Pinus palustrus) ecosystems of the southeastern USA as part of the RxCADRE project. The LWIR images quantify ground-leaving exitance released during five operational surface fires that burned in forested burn blocks in 2011 (608A and 703C), non-forested burn blocks (L1G and L2G), and a forested burn block in 2012 (L2F). This data package contains the calibrated images of ground-leaving exitance that were mosaicked by WASP overpass.The purpose was to acquire LWIR imagery to record the fire spread and radiative heat release at frequent intervals during prescribed fires. Pixel values are calibrated to Fire Radiative Flux Density (FRFD) in units of watts per square meter (Dickinson and Kremens 2015).A short summary of the RxCADRE project can be found in the full data publication download (\\Supplements\\RxCADRE_Project_Overview.pdf). Information about the RxCADRE project can also be found here: https:\/\/www.fs.fed.us\/pnw\/fera\/research\/rxcadre\/.\n\t  \nOriginal metadata date 03\/21\/2016. On 5\/31\/2016 a typo in the title was corrected. Minor metadata updates on 12\/15\/2016.","keyword":["biota","imageryBaseMapsEarthCover","Fire","Fire detection","Fire ecology","Fire effects on environment","Prescribed fire","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","remote sensing","thermal infrared imagery","RxCADRE","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","Florida","Eglin Air Force Base"],"spatial":"-86.87,30.45,-86.26,30.66","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0008","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0008","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-15"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Data for National Fire and Fire Surrogate study: environmental effects of alternative fuel reduction treatments","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0009","description":"Comprised of 12 sites nationwide, the Fire and Fire Surrogates study (FFS) is a comprehensive interdisciplinary experiment designed to evaluate the economics and ecological consequences of alternative fuel reduction treatments in seasonally dry forests of the United States. The FFS deploys a common experimental design across the 12-site network, with each site consisting of a fully replicated experiment that compares four treatments: an un-manipulated control, prescribed fire, mechanical treatments, and mechanical + fire. Measurements include vegetation (trees, shrubs, grasses, forbs), fuels (forest floor, features of the living vegetation, and dead wood of various sizes), soil properties (chemical and physical properties of the forest floor and mineral soil), wildlife (birds, small mammals, herps), and bark beetles. While the FFS study did have an economics component, these data were not included for several reasons: data were too highly variable, based on market conditions, variability in practices and use of machines, and the extent to which each project was subsidized.The multivariate information from this experiment was intended to allow managers to better assess how fuel reduction treatments influenced whole systems, and to hopefully lead to a better understanding of the tradeoffs inherent in their decisions. We expected that the multi-site information would help managers to understand when response was general or site-specific. The original 6-year FFS study was designed to elucidate how alternative fuel reduction treatments reduced short-term fire risk, and to understand the magnitude of effects caused by these treatments. To understand changes in fire risk, measurements of the fuel bed and stand structure were needed as well as a wide variety of ecological variables to cover the broad spectrum of values important to managers and to society. The FFS study was the most comprehensive experiment ever attempted in a dry forest setting.More information about FFS can be found here: https:\/\/www.frames.gov\/ffs.\n\t  \nOriginal metadata date was 3\/16\/2016. Minor metadata updates on 12\/19\/2016 and 09\/25\/2019.","keyword":["biota","environment","Climate change","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Animal ecology","Plant ecology","Soil","Fire","Prescribed fire","Fire effects on environment","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Birds","Invertebrates","Amphibians","dry forest management","forest thinning","frequent fire regimes","mechanical treatment","seasonally dry forest","troposphere","dry conifer forest","mixed conifer forest","long-leaf pine forest","slash pine forest","piedmont pine forest","eastern deciduous forest","oak-hickory forest","oak","pine","fuels","fuel reduction treatment","fir encroachment","understory vegetation","economics","cost-effectiveness","insect biodiversity","small mammals","passerines","soil carbon","carbon sequestration","nitrogen dynamics","forest pathology","bark beetles","silviculture","fire return interval","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","Washington","Oregon","California","Montana","Arizona","Ohio","North Carolina","South Carolina","Alabama","Florida","Interior western United States","Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest","Lubrecht Experimental Forest","Klamath National Forest","Wallowa-Whitman National Forest","Blodgett Experimental Forest","Sequoia-King Canyon National Park","Coconino-Kaibab National Forest","Ohio State University lands and Mead Industry lands","North Carolina Green River game refuge","Clemson University Experimental Forest","Auburn University, Solon-Dixon Forest","Florida Myakka River State Park"],"spatial":"-121.89,27.18,-82.24,47.47","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0009","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0009","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2019-09-25"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Data supporting publication of fortifying the forest: thinning and burning increase resistance to a bark beetle outbreak and promote forest resilience","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0010","description":"This package contains data used for the publication \"Fortifying the forest: thinning and burning increase resistance to a bark beetle outbreak and promote forest resilience\" (Hood et al. 2016). This study includes measurements from 1996-2012 at the Lubrecht Fire-Fire Surrogate Study Site, which was established in 2000 and includes four treatments, an untreated control, prescribed burn, a thinning, and a thinning followed by prescribed burn. This study site is located at the University of Montana's Lubrecht Experimental Forest in western Montana, approximately 50 kilometers east of Missoula. Data are available in four data sets. 1) Plot level ponderosa pine mortality (\u2265 10 centimeter (cm) diameter at breast height (DBH) before (2005) and after (2010 and 2012) the mountain pine beetle outbreak. 2) Plot level basal area, density, and quadratic mean diameter of ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir before and after the mountain pine beetle outbreak. 3) Annual tree-level growth and resin duct defense for the most recent 15 years (1996-2011) of tree growth, including basal area increment, duct size, duct production, and total duct area. 4) Tree-level constitutive resin flow and phloem monoterpene data collected in 2012.These data were collected as part of a long-term project to monitor forest stand dynamics after fuel treatments. During the 2005 data collection period, tree mortality from mountain pine beetle (MPB) was observed. Additional data collection was done in 2010 and 2012 to record any additional mortality and changes in forest structure and composition. In 2012 more detailed tree growth and defense data were collected in order to relate treatment differences in MPB attack success to tree physiology.Original metadata date 5\/26\/2016. Minor metadata updates on 12\/19\/2016.","keyword":["biota","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Ecology","Fire","Fire ecology","Fire effects on environment","Fire suppression, pre-suppression","Prescribed fire","Forest & Plant Health","Insects","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","Restoration","resilience","resistance","fuel treatment effectiveness","tree defense","bark beetle outbreak","ponderosa pine","fire regime","fire exclusion","resin chemistry","stand dynamics","disturbance","flora in natural environment","fauna in natural environment","environmental resources","protection and conservation","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","Lubrecht Experimental Forest","Missoula County","Montana"],"spatial":"-113.46000,46.89000,-113.40000,46.91000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0010","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0010","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-19"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Meteorological and soil temperature data from the treatment plots at the Aspen FACE Experiment, 1999-2009","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0011","description":"This data publication contains meteorological measurements from within the treatment plots (rings) for 1999-2009 as part of the Aspen FACE (Free-Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment) Experiment. The experiment was located on a research farm near Harshaw, Wisconsin (renamed the Rhinelander Experimental Forest in 2015) and consisted of twelve 30 meter diameter plots of aspen, birch and maple trees in which the concentrations of carbon dioxide and tropospheric ozone were controlled. One half of each ring was planted with trembling aspen monoculture and the remaining two quarters were planted with mixtures of aspen + paper birch and aspen + sugar maple trees. Wind speed and direction, and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), net radiation, air temperature and relative humidity, and rainfall were measured above the tree canopy. PAR, air temperature and relative humidity, soil temperature at 5 depths, and soil moisture at 3 depths were measured below the canopy in each of the three ring sections. \n\nFor Time Series 101 (30 min means and standard deviations), and 124 (daily means, standard deviations, minima, maxima, and time of minima and maxima), the above variables were measured in one ring of each of the 4 experimental treatments during calendar years 1999-2005. For Time Series 030 (30 min means and standard deviations), and 125 (daily means, standard deviations, minima, maxima, and time of minima and maxima), the above variables were measured in every treatment ring 2006-2009. Time Series 102 consists solely of 2 hour soil moisture measurements in one ring of each experimental treatment, at one location of each of three depths in each of the three ring sections 1999 to 2005. Time Series 120 consists solely of 2 hour soil moisture measurements in every ring, at three locations of each of three depths in each of the three ring sections 2006-2009.The Aspen FACE Experiment was a multidisciplinary study that assessed the effects of increasing tropospheric ozone and carbon dioxide concentrations on the structure and functioning of northern forest ecosystems. The design provided the ability to assess the effects of these gasses alone, and in combination, on many ecosystem attributes, including growth, leaf development, root characteristics, and soil carbon.Original metadata date was 03\/30\/2016. On 11\/15\/2016 the metadata were updated to reflect the Harshaw Forestry Research Farm now being designated as Rhinelander Experimental Forest, along with other minor metadata updates. Minor metadata updates on 12\/19\/2016 and 11\/04\/2019.","keyword":["biota","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","environment","Climate change","Carbon","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Plant ecology","Forest & Plant Health","Air, soil, water pollution (environmental injury)","Climate effects","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","aspen","birch","maple","tropospheric ozone","carbon dioxide","Rhinelander Experimental Forest","Harshaw Forestry Research Farm","Wisconsin"],"spatial":"-89.63077383,45.67394177,-89.62551667,45.68118365","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0011","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0011","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-11-04"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Meteorological and soil moisture data from an ambient monitoring station at the Aspen FACE Experiment, 1999-2009","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0012","description":"This data package contains meteorological and soil moisture data that were measured electronically at an ambient meteorological tower from 1999 to 2009 as part of the Aspen FACE (Free-Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment) Experiment. The meteorological tower was located at the north end of the 32 hectare experiment site. The experiment was located on a research farm near Harshaw, Wisconsin (renamed the Rhinelander Experimental Forest in 2015) and consisted of twelve 30 meter diameter plots of aspen, birch and maple trees in which the concentrations of carbon dioxide and tropospheric ozone were controlled. Variables included in data time series TS201 (30 minute means) and TS224 (daily mean, minimum, and maximum) consist of: wind speed, wind direction (mean and standard deviation), and air temperature and relative humidity at 5 heights, photosynthetically active radiation, net radiation, leaf wetness, rain fall, pan evaporation, atmospheric pressure, and thermocouple temperatures at 6 heights. TS224 also included standard deviation and time of minimum and maximum for each variable, as well as soil temperature at 5 depths and soil moisture at 3 depths. TS202 contains 2 hour, instantaneous soil temperature at 5 depths and soil moisture at 3 depths.The Aspen FACE Experiment was a multidisciplinary study that assessed the effects of increasing tropospheric ozone and carbon dioxide concentrations on the structure and functioning of northern forest ecosystems. The design provided the ability to assess the effects of these gasses alone, and in combination, on many ecosystem attributes, including growth, leaf development, root characteristics, and soil carbon.Original metadata date was 03\/30\/2016. On 11\/15\/2016 the metadata were updated to reflect the Harshaw Forestry Research Farm now being designated as Rhinelander Experimental Forest, along with other minor metadata updates. Minor metadata updates on 12\/19\/2016 and 05\/20\/2020.","keyword":["biota","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","environment","Climate change","Carbon","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Plant ecology","Forest & Plant Health","Air, soil, water pollution (environmental injury)","Climate effects","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","aspen","birch","maple","tropospheric ozone","carbon dioxide","Harshaw Forestry Research Farm","Rhinelander Experimental Forest","Wisconsin"],"spatial":"-89.63077383,45.67394177,-89.62551667,45.68118365","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0012","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0012","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2020-05-20"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Beaver monitoring data from the Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest, Wisconsin","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0013","description":"The primary raw data are aerial counts of beaver (Castor canadensis) colonies on streams across the Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest (CNNF). These aerial counts were performed in the fall of each year from 1987 (Nicolet side of CNNF) or 1997 (Chequamegon side of CNNF). Based on the colony counts, we also provide derived beaver colony density values. The surveyed streams were classified into four categories: managed trout, non-managed trout, managed non-trout, and non-managed non-trout. Trout versus non-trout status was assigned by the CNNF using Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources information. Managed streams were those on which targeted removal of beavers was conducted in the spring of each year under a contract with USDA-Wildlife Services. Data also include proportion of stream-side aspen, temperature, snowfall, and soil moisture as measured by the Palmer Drought Severity Index.The CNNF participates in a beaver management program that the State of Wisconsin implemented. One objective of the program was to protect economically important cold-water trout fisheries from adverse impacts of beaver dams on trout streams. Targeted management of beaver was important because regulated trapping of beaver also provides economic value to Wisconsin\u2019s economy. The monitoring data were collected as part of the beaver management program, and were used to assess the effectiveness of the targeted management program in accomplishing the objective of reducing beaver populations on trout streams.\n\t  \nA second component of the CNNF\u2019s beaver management program was reducing the amount of aspen (primarily Populus tremuloides) in the riparian areas adjoining targeted streams. The data on stream-side aspen were assembled to help assess the effectiveness of this strategy. \n\nThe other secondary data were assembled to help model annual beaver dynamics as part of understanding whether targeted trapping was successful.These data were originally published in December 2016. On 03\/06\/2020 minor metadata updates were made, which included adding reference to an article that was published after the data became available.","keyword":["Castor canadensis","beaver","trout streams","trend","trapping","aspen","climate","biota","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","inlandWaters","Wisconsin","northern Wisconsin","Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest"],"spatial":"-91.427481,45.113801,-88.305853,46.760838","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0013","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0013","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2020-03-06"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"RxCADRE 2012: Instrument and infrared target survey locations and attributes","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0014","description":"This data package contains one shapefile of 875 target survey locations of the 2012 burns from the Prescribed Fire Combustion and Atmospheric Dynamics Research Experiment (RxCADRE) project. This peoject was a collaboration of 30 leading fire scientists across 6 fire disciplines to collect various data on 7 large operational prescribed fires in 2008 and 2011 at the Eglin Air Force Base in Okaloosa County, Florida and the Joseph W. Jones Ecological Research Center in Georgia. In 2012 the project was extended by the Joint Fire Science Program (JFSP) to include 6 small replicate and 3 large operational prescribed burn blocks in longleaf pine ecosystems on Eglin Air Force Base. In addition to the locations of these survey points, this data package also contains additional information about each point such as instruments used, dates taken, and identification numbers.The RxCADRE project was developed as a response to a lack of integrated, quality-assured fuels, atmospheric, fire behavior, energy, smoke and effects data, a problem which hinders scientists' abilities to evaluate fire models and tackle fundamental fire science questions. The goal of the project was to allowing leading fire scientists to come together and collect fire data on the same prescribed burns and to create quality fire and fuels datasets that can be shared between scientists and placed in a public database so it can be accessed by anyone.This data package is part of the RxCADRE research project, which includes other types of measurements, such as fire and fuel measurements which are also housed in this archive. A short summary of the RxCADRE project can be found in the full data publication download (\\Supplements\\RxCADRE_Project_Overview.pdf). Additional information about the RxCADRE project can also be found here: https:\/\/www.fs.fed.us\/pnw\/fera\/research\/rxcadre\/.\n\t  \nOriginal metadata 6\/1\/2016. Minor metadata updates on 12\/16\/2016 and 07\/10\/2020.","keyword":["survey points","locations","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","RxCADRE","biota","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Fire","Forest & Plant Health","Florida","Georgia","Joseph Jones Ecological Research Center","Ichauway","Eglin Air Force Base"],"spatial":"-86.75,30.51,-86.71,30.56","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0014","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0014","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2020-07-10"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Supporting data for \"Morphologic plasticity and increasing competition explain deviation from the Metabolic Scaling Theory in semi-arid conifer forests, southwestern USA\"","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0015","description":"This data publication includes tree measurements taken 2008-2010 in three mixed conifer forests: the Pinale\u00f1o Mountains and Santa Catalina Mountains in southeastern Arizona, and the Jemez Mountains (Valles Caldera National Preserve) in northern New Mexico. Tree data measured at all locations include: species, condition, diameter at breast height and maximum vertical height. Additional data available include: effective energy and mass transfer (EEMT) and specific gravity (wood density) of woody species. Another data set, for the Pinale\u00f1o Mountains, is included in this publication. The data were collected as part of the RMRS Growth and Demography of the Pinale\u00f1o High Elevation Forests research project and the Critical Zone Observatory aerial lidar forest structure validation. The data include diameter at breast height, maximum vertical height, condition and species information; and laboratory-determined cross-dated tree establishment dates, age at collection, computed total biomass, and plot-level Effective Energy and Mass Transfer (EEMT) for each tree. Both of these data sets support Swetnam et al. 2016.Data were collected to document changes to forest-scale demographic patterns and effects from recent fires, insect outbreaks, and past land management policies and to characterize the precision and accuracy of aerial lidar.Original metadata date 11\/10\/2016. Minor metadata updates on 12\/19\/2016.","keyword":["biota","environment","Environment and People","Forest & Plant Health","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Assessments","Resource inventory","semi-arid","forest","biomass","allometry","metabolic scaling theory","forest inventory","ecosystem scaling","productivity","tree condition","Pinale\u00f1o Mountains","Santa Catalina Mountains","Valles Caldera National Preserve","Jemez Mountains","Arizona","New Mexico","southwestern USA"],"spatial":"-109.90000,32.40000,-106.50000,35.80000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0015","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0015","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-19"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Felled tree biomass for four hardwood species of the central Appalachians, West Virginia","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0016","description":"This data package includes felled tree biomass by tree component for four hardwood species of the central Appalachians sampled on the Fernow Experimental Forest (FEF), West Virginia. A total of 88 trees were sampled from plots within two different watersheds on the FEF. Hardwood species sampled include Acer rubrum, Betula lenta, Liriodendron tulipifera, and Prunus serotina, all of which were measured in the summer of 1991 and 1992. Data include tree height, diameter, as well as green and dry weight of tree stem, top, small branches, large branches, and leaves.These data were collected to test whether the Brenneman et al. (1978) biomass equations were accurate for smaller diameter trees in support of a study comparing vegetation growth and nutrient status between an untreated and an artificially acidified watershed.\n\nBrenneman, B.B.; Frederick, D.J.; Gardner,W.E.; Schoenhofen, L.H.; Marsh, P.L. 1977. Biomass of species and stands of West Virginia hardwoods. In: Pope, P.E., ed. Proceedings, Central Hardwood Forest Conference II : West Lafayette, Indiana, November 14-16, 1978. p. 160-178.Minor metadata updates on 12\/16\/2016.","keyword":["biomass","green weight","dry weight","felled tree","tree component","hardwoods","biota","environment","Forest & Plant Health","Forest Products","Bioenergy and biomass","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Techniques","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","Fernow Experimental Forest","Monongahela National Forest","West Virginia","central Appalachian Mountains"],"spatial":"-79.6902209,39.0540966,-79.6802399,39.0660358","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0016","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0016","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-16"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Online discussions from a foresight panel: Wildland fire management futures","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0017","description":"This data publication contains transcripts from an expert foresight panel discussing the future of wildland fire management in a series of structured, text-based, asynchronous online discussions. Panelists included seven leading academic and professional futurists plus two wildfire professionals. This expert foresight panel discussed the potential for high-impact future developments in wildland fire management, the likelihood and impact of these developments, and policies that encourage positive developments in wildland fire management. These discussions are included here as twenty-seven documents, each devoted to a single topic, grouped in three rounds of week-long correspondence between panel members from June through December of 2013. Round one consisted of discussions on the following topics: climate change, monitoring, serious games, bioengineering, new firefighting technologies, insurance, risk assessment, economic and political context, value change, fire-resistant designs and materials, public education and engagement, and policy tools. The second round of discussions required the panelists to react to three mini-scenarios, each scenario described a wide range of plausible social, economic, and technological contexts for fire management in the future. The third round included four discussion threads based on the ideas and concepts examined during the first two rounds of discussion.The purpose of convening an expert foresight panel to discuss wildland fire management was to anticipate and discuss present and future developments in wildland fire management, to identify the strengths and weaknesses of current national fire policy, and to anticipate the future trajectory of national fire policy in light of recent developments in several important areas related to wildland fire management.Original metadata date was 6\/14\/2016. Minor metadata updates on 12\/19\/2016. Data publication year was incorrectly listed as 2014, on 08\/18\/2025 we corrected the publication year to 2016.","keyword":["foresight panel","futurists","wildland fire management","JFSP","Joint Fire Science Program","biota","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","environment","society","Climate change","Climate change effects","Human response","Environment and People","Decision making, public involvement","Impact of people on environment","Social values, ethics","Fire","Fire ecology","Fire effects on environment","Fire suppression, pre-suppression","United States"],"landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0017","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0017","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-08-28"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Fire and climate data for western Bailey\u2019s ecosections, USA","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0018","description":"The relationship between climate and wildfire area burned suggests how fire regimes may respond to a changing climate. This West-wide data publication contains a 27-year record (1980-2006) of climatological variables used to develop statistical models of area burned that can be projected into the future. We provide a separate file for each of the 56 Bailey\u2019s ecosections (Bailey 2016) across the West, with annual area burned and 112 climate predictor variables such as evapotranspiration, precipitation, relative humidity, soil moisture, snow-water equivalent, minimum and maximum temperature, and vapor pressure deficit. These historical and future hydroclimate projections and historical fire area burned data were derived for McKenzie and Littell (2016).To provide an in-depth understanding of climatological drivers of wildfire area burned and the implications for future climate.Original metadata date was 10\/4\/2016. Minor metadata updates on 12\/19\/2016.","keyword":["fire climatology","water-balance deficit","non-stationarity","multi-scale analysis","Climate change","Climate change effects","Fire","Fire ecology","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Landscape ecology","biota","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","geoscientificInformation","Arizona","California","Colorado","Idaho","Montana","Nebraska","Nevada","New Mexico","North Dakota","Oklahoma","Oregon","South Dakota","Texas","Utah","Washington"],"spatial":"-124.800000,28.900000,-98.80000,49.00000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0018","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0018","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-19"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Measuring managers' perceptions of llama use in wild areas - data from 1993","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0019","description":"This data publication contains the results of a 1993 survey of Forest Service and Park Service managers across the United States and their perceptions of llama use in wild areas. Over 200 mailback surveys were returned from managers representing more than 150 different wilderness areas and 25 states. Questions were related to manager perceptions about trends on llama use, seriousness of impacts, current llama management strategies, and specific management challenges anticipated. Additional questions related to other pack animals were also included.The Wilderness Act (PL 88-577) directs federal agencies responsible for wilderness to preserve natural conditions. Wilderness should generally appear to have been affected primarily by forces of nature. To meet these goals, managers must adjust their programs in response to changes in recreational use of pack stock. The use of llamas as pack animals by visitors has increased over the last decade and will presumably continue to grow in the future. The purpose of this study is to attempt to understand manager perceptions of the extent that llama use threatens wilderness conditions and how they are managing llama users. Specific objectives of this study are to compare perceptions about llama use for managers with areas of heavy, light, or no llama packstock use, and to compare manager perceptions of llama use with perceptions visitors expressed in a survey conducted by Utah State University.Original metadata date was 6\/30\/2016. Minor metadata updates on 12\/19\/2016.","keyword":["biota","boundaries","economy","location","inlandWaters","society","transportation","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Environment and People","Impact of people on environment","Recreation","Natural Resource Management & Use","Wilderness","residents","resident attitudes","resident-place relationship","fishing","recreation","conditions","resource use","management","management planning","use limits","packstock","horses","llama","North America","United States of America","wilderness areas"],"spatial":"-177.754844,18.872230,-66.924766,71.393434","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0019","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0019","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-19"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Post-fire vegetation attributes in the Rim Fire, Stanislaus National Forest, California","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0020","description":"These data document vegetation structure such as canopy cover, live ground vegetation, nectar source presence and abundance for transects surveyed throughout the Rim Fire boundary in the Stanislaus National Forest, California. The Rim Fire occurred in early fall 2013. Data were collected in 20 meter segments along a transect line in areas where butterfly surveys were conducted from 2014 to 2015. These vegetation data were collected each time a butterfly survey was conducted (five times per butterfly flight season).Data were collected to examine relations between probabilities of detection, occupancy, and abundance of butterflies and vegetation covariates. Data were also used to examine the effects of vegetation and soil burn severity on vegetation covariates.These data serve as environmental covariates for the data publication 'Presence and absence of butterflies in the Rim Fire, Stanislaus National Forest, California\u2019 (Pavlik 2016). Vegetation data were collected at all locations where butterflies were sampled. Vegetation was sampled at five locations each year within each segment that is included in the butterfly data.\n\t  \nOriginal metadata date was 7\/8\/2016. Minor metadata updates on 12\/20\/2016.","keyword":["biota","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Animal ecology","Fire","Fire effects on environment","Prescribed fire","Forest & Plant Health","Botany","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Invertebrates","Habitat management","vegetation","plants","trees","nectar sources","sugars","forbs","sucrose","wildfire","SERDP","Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program","Stanislaus National Forest","California","Rim Fire","Tuolumne county"],"spatial":"-119.97463,37.816132,-119.85645,37.966797","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0020","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0020","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-20"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Presence and absence of butterflies in the Rim Fire, Stanislaus National Forest, California","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0021","description":"These data document observed presence of butterflies in selected transects throughout the Rim Fire boundary in the Stanislaus National Forest, California. Data were collected from 2014 to 2015. Records for each year reflect five visits at about 10-14 day intervals from late May or early June through late July. Data include species detected, date, location, whether the individual was taking nectar, and if so, the nectar source and location.Data were collected to examine relationships between abundance and occupancy of butterflies and environmental attributes including canopy cover, live ground cover, and nectar source abundance. Data also were collected to investigate whether soil and vegetation burn severity affected those same environmental attributes. Knowledge of how fire affects environmental attributes that determine the abundance and distribution of butterflies can be used to inform fire management practices for endangered and threatened species of butterflies.The vegetation data, which serve as environmental covariates for this butterfly data, were collected at all locations where butterflies were sampled. The data publication containing these vegetation data is 'Post-fire vegetation attributes in the Rim Fire, Stanislaus National Forest, California\u2019 (Pavlik 2016).\n\nOriginal metadata date was 07\/08\/2016. Minor metadata updates on 12\/16\/2016.","keyword":["biota","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Animal ecology","Fire","Fire effects on environment","Prescribed fire","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Invertebrates","Habitat management","lepidoptera","skippers","resident butterflies","montane butterflies","transects","Papilionidae","Pieridae","Nymphalidae","Lycaenidae","Hesperiidae","monitoring","time series","SERDP","Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program","Stanislaus National Forest","California","Rim Fire","Tuolumne county"],"spatial":"-119.97463,37.816132,-119.85645,37.966797","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0021","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0021","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-16"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Fluorescence emission images of wood stained with acridine orange","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0022","description":"Colonization of wood blocks, Picea glauca, by brown and white rot fungi, Postia placenta, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, and Serpula lacrymans, rapidly resulted in detectable wood oxidation, as shown by a reduced phloroglucinol response, a loss of autofluorescence, and acridine orange (AO) staining. The data included in this archive were used to refine a method for detecting changes in the chemical properties of wood. This method involves staining the sample with acridine orange and then observing the light emission using a fluorescence microscope. Data include fluorescence emission microscopic images of AO-stained wood, transmission microscopic images of phloroglucinol-stained wood, isothermal titration calorimetry results, and fluorescence emission spectra.We used the data to develop a new method for following the course of fungal colonization of wood. In addition we stained isolated wood components in an effort to better understand the origins of the color changes in emission.Original metadata date was 10\/06\/2016. Minor metadata updates on 12\/16\/2016.","keyword":["biota","Forest & Plant Health","Mycology","Forest Products","Wood chemistry","fluorescence microscopy","acridine orange","oxidation","wood","fungus","Madison","Wisconsin"],"spatial":"-180,90,180,-90","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0022","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0022","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-16"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Physical and chemical properties of the foliage of 10 live wildland fuels","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0023","description":"This data package contains data from over 3000 individual fuel elements collected as part of Joint Fire Science Program (JFSP) project 11-1-4-19 \"Determination of the effects of heating mechanisms and moisture content on ignition of live fuels.\" Data were collected each month during one of two one-year periods. Species collected from the chaparral ecosystem near Riverside, California were manzanita (2013-2014), ceanothus (2013-2014), and chamise (2012-2013). Interior western species collected in Montana included Douglas-fir (2013-2014) and lodgepole pine (2012-2013); sagebrush (2012-2013) and Gambel oak (2013-2014) were collected in Utah. Southern species collected in Florida in 2013-2014 were fetterbush, gallberry and sand pine. Species were characterized as broadleaf (manzanita, ceanothus, Gambel oak, fetterbush, gallberry) and needle (chamise, sagebrush, Douglas-fir, sand pine, lodgepole pine). Broadleaf samples consisted of whole leaves; needle samples consisted of a small length of branch with the foliage attached. Although sagebrush foliage is comprised of leaves rather than needles, the sagebrush samples were characterized as needle samples because the leaves are so small. Measurements include moisture content, relative moisture content, apparent density, length, width, needle length, stem diameter, leaf thickness, leaf surface area, fresh mass, volatiles content, fixed carbon content, ash content and lipid content.The data presented here describe physical and chemical characteristics of the 10 species used in JFSP project 11-1-4-9. There were five objectives for this project. The first was to determine how heat fluxes produced by convection and thermal radiation, individually and together, influence mass loss in moist live fuels prior to ignition. Secondly, to determine experimentally if thermal radiation alone is sufficient for ignition of live fuels or if an additional source of heat (coil, hot convection gases) is necessary to ignite the pyrolyzates. Thirdly, to determine through computer simulation of ignition if thermal radiation alone is sufficient or if an additional source of heat (hot convection gases from a flame) is necessary to ignite the pyrolyzates. The fourth objective was to expand species tested in JFSP project 10-1-08-6 \u201cLinking photosynthesis and combustion characteristics in live fuels: The role of soluble carbohydrates in fuel preheating\u201d to include important shrub species. Lastly, to determine if results of the tests vary over the year as fuel moisture changes within living plants.Original metadata date was 07\/21\/2016. Minor metadata updates on 12\/16\/2016.","keyword":["biota","economy","environment","Fire","Fire ecology","Fire suppression, pre-suppression","Prescribed fire","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Plant ecology","Forest & Plant Health","Botany","Forest Products","Bioenergy and biomass","Non-wood forest products","Natural Resource Management & Use","Conservation","Forest management","Range management & grazing","California","Riverside","Utah","Provo","Montana","Missoula","Florida","Eglin Air Force Base"],"spatial":"-117.00000,30.00000,-85.00000,47.00000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0023","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0023","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-07-21"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Overstory and regeneration data from the \"Rehabilitation of cutover mixedwood stands\" study at the Penobscot Experimental Forest","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0024","description":"This data package contains crop tree, overstory, sapling, and regeneration data collected between 2008 and 2012 as part of the project titled \"Rehabilitation of cutover mixedwood stands: An economic and silvicultural assessment of alternatives\" as described in Appendix C of FS-NRS-07-08-01 \"Silvicultural effects on composition, structure and growth of northern conifers in the Acadian Forest Region 2008 study plan\" (also known as the Compartment Management Study, see Kenefic et al. 2015). While the Rehabilitation study was conducted within two management units of the Compartment Management Study (CMS) the data for the Rehabilitation study are independent of the CMS. The Rehabilitation study examined two levels of intervention treatments against controls in two stands that had been subjected to repeated commercial clearcutting harvests, last occurring 20 and 25 years before. The intervention treatments were 1) moderate treatment, in which crop trees were identified and released, and 2) intensive treatment, in which crop trees were released, unacceptable growing stock was removed, and fill planting of red spruce was conducted. Data are available in seven data sets: 1) crop tree stem map; 2) crop tree DBH (diameter at breast height) and mortality; 3) crop tree heights; 4) overstory DClass (diameter at breast height class); 5) sapling DClass; 6) regeneration tally; and 7) overstory plot locations.The purpose of the Rehabilitation (REHAB) Study is to evaluate methods of rehabilitating degraded northern conifer stands. Specifically, to test the hypothesis that short-term investment in silvicultural rehabilitation of degraded stands improves the composition, quality, and productivity relative to no treatment, and that the intensity of rehabilitation will affect the degree of success in obtaining desired long-term outcomes. Findings will reveal economic consequences, and allow us to develop urgently needed management guidelines for degraded stands, thus serving a critical need in the Northern Forest.We strongly recommend that users read the study plans and accompanying documentation provided with the full data publication download before proceeding with data summary or analysis. Refer to the end of the Entity and Attributes section of the metadata for a list of commonly used acronyms and abbreviations.\n\nOriginal metadata date was 08\/02\/2016. Minor metadata updates on 12\/16\/2016. On 01\/13\/2017 the plot locations data file was corrected (we found it contained an error - the data were not differentially corrected) and the metadata updated to reflect this change.\n\n** NOTE: A newer edition of these data was published on 05\/08\/2019 (Kenefic et al. 2019), which contains additional data and updates in the way data are recorded. We recommend the use of this newer edition.","keyword":["biota","Forest & Plant Health","Botany","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","silviculture","species composition","timber supply","forest management","forest stand dynamics","tree regeneration","tree and stand growth","tree height","tree crown","canopy","crown width","balsam fir","red spruce","woody plants","timber stand improvement","crop tree release","precommercial thinning","northern conifers","Penobscot Experimental Forest","Maine"],"spatial":"-68.6443,44.8269,-68.5862,44.8726","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0024","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0024","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2019-05-08"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Daily streamflow data for watersheds at Coweeta Hydrologic Lab, North Carolina","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0025","description":"These data include daily streamflow data for four watersheds at Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory in Macon County, North Carolina, USA. The station is operated by the Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service. Data include streamflow for the following stream gages and water years: WS07 (1965-2021), WS14 (1937-2021), WS18 (1937-2021), and WS27 (1947-2021).The Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory was established in 1934 and is world-renowned for its research in forest hydrology. Coweeta was established to determine the fundamental effects of forest management on soil and water resources and to serve as a testing ground for theories in forest hydrology. To facilitate this, a network of high- and low- elevation experimental watersheds were established across the site. Streamflow from watersheds is gaged with 90-degree or 120-degree V-notch weirs every five minutes. Approximately half of the watersheds serve as \u201creferences\u201d with no purposeful disturbance, while the other watersheds serve as \u201cexperimental\u201d and have undergone land management treatments.Original metadata date was 08\/26\/2016. Minor metadata updates on 12\/16\/2016. On 02\/27\/2017 data for 2016 was added to the download. On 02\/08\/2018 data for 2017 was added to the download, and on 02\/13\/2019 the 2018 data were added. Additional minor metadata updates were made on 09\/06\/2019. On 02\/10\/2020 data for 2019 were added. On 03\/02\/2021 data for 2020 were added. Data for 2021 were added on 03\/03\/2022. Minor metadata updates were made on 07\/06\/2022.\n\t  \nFor more information about Coweeta: https:\/\/www.srs.fs.usda.gov\/coweeta\/research\/lter\/.","keyword":["climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","environment","Climate change","Climate change effects","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","Forest & Plant Health","Climate effects","streamflow","hydrology","Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory","Coweeta Lab","North Carolina","Macon County","southern Appalachians","Coweeta Basin"],"spatial":"-83.47845,35.02734,-83.42166,35.07382","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0025","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0025","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-07-06"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Chlorophyll-a data from Big Creek Tributaries (1990-2014)","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0026","description":"Data presented here are from a long-term project that has been monitoring aerial chlorophyll\u2013a biomass and ash-free dry mass values in 7 streams within the Big Creek watershed. All sites are located near the Taylor Wilderness Research Station in the Frank Church Wilderness Area, Idaho. Sites were sampled during the summer (July) from 1990 to the present. In a given year, five replicate samples were collected in each stream via rock scrubbings, and analyzed for chlorophyll-a concentration and biomass. The study streams are Rush Creek, Pioneer Creek, Cave Creek, Cliff Creek, Goat Creek, Cougar Creek, and Big Creek mainstem. Streams vary in size and fire history. No samples were collected in 1992. Big Creek mainstem was added to the dataset in 2007.These data are collected every year to annually monitor physiochemical and biological changes associated with wildfire and climate change.Original metadata date was 08\/30\/2016. Minor metadata updates were made on 12\/16\/2016. Prior to 01\/19\/2018 the data associated with this publication were only available through the author. On 01\/19\/2018 this publication was updated to include all data.","keyword":["biota","environment","inlandWaters","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","Fire","Fire ecology","Fire effects on environment","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Natural Resource Management & Use","Water","periphyton","chlorophyll-a","ash-free drymass","wildfire","wilderness river","JFSP","Joint Fire Science Program","Big Creek","Frank Church Wilderness Area","Taylor Wilderness Research Station","Payette National Forest","Middle Fork Salmon River","Idaho"],"spatial":"-114.854,45.104,-114.739,45.104","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0026","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0026","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2018-01-19"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Invertebrate abundance and biomass data from Big Creek tributaries (1988-2012)","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0027","description":"Data presented here are from a long-term project that has been monitoring benthic invertebrate abundance and biomass in 7 streams within the Big Creek watershed. The study streams are Rush Creek, Pioneer Creek, Cave Creek, Cliff Creek, Goat Creek, Cougar Creek, and Big Creek mainstem (Big Creek Above Rush). All sites are located near the Taylor Wilderness Research Station in the Frank Church Wilderness Area, Idaho. Sites were sampled during the summer (July) from 1988 to 2012. In a given year, typically five (occasionally more) replicate samples were collected in each stream via Surber net and analyzed for benthic invertebrate abundance and biomass.These data are collected every year to annually monitor physiochemical and biological changes associated with wildfire and climate change.Original metadata date was 08\/30\/2016. Minor metadata updates were made on 12\/16\/2016. Prior to 01\/19\/2018 the data associated with this publication were only available through the author. On 01\/19\/2018 this publication was updated to include all data.","keyword":["biota","environment","inlandWaters","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Animal ecology","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","Fire","Fire ecology","Fire effects on environment","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Natural Resource Management & Use","Water","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Invertebrates","abundance","biomass","richness","wildfire","wilderness","JFSP","Joint Fire Science Program","Big Creek","Frank Church Wilderness Area","Taylor Wilderness Research Station","Payette National Forest","Middle Fork Salmon River","Idaho"],"spatial":"-114.854,45.104,-114.739,45.104","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0027","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0027","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2018-01-19"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Long-term site responses to season and interval of underburns on the Georgia Piedmont","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0028","description":"Between 1987 and 1988, twenty-four approximately 2-acre plots were established in Jones County, Georgia on the Hitchiti Experimental Forest which is also known as the Brender Demonstration Forest. These plots have not burned since prior to 1939. Treatments were applied to track site changes over time from five short return interval underburn treatments. These treatments, replicated 4 times, were comprised of: biennial dormant season headfires, triennial dormant season headfires, triennial dormant season backfires, triennial growing season headfires, growing season headfires every 6 years, and unburned controls. Triennial dormant season treatments were eventually combined. Variables tracked over time include the impact of fire on overstory pine growth, midstory (in this study midstory includes understory plants > 4.5 feet high) structure and composition, seedling (in this study including all woody plants < 4.5 feet high and all other plants regardless of height) species dominance, percent cover, pine seedling establishment and mortality, and forest floor consumption. Several thousand overstory and midstory trees were tagged, GPS coordinates recorded and their survival and growth followed over time. Vegetation was measured in nested circular plots and on line transects. Live and dead overstory trees on two 0.2 acre (1\/5 ac) subplots per treatment plot were tallied annually by species with diameter at breast height and height, measured and pest damage\/mortality by pathogen, lightning and wind damage recorded. Basal area was calculated periodically. Some overstory pines were bored to determine age (typically after death). Midstory live and dead trees were tallied annually on six 0.02 acre subplots per treatment plot. Seedlings were tallied on eighteen 0.001 acre (MA = milacre) subplots per treatment plot by species\/species group, and percent of the subplot area in vines, herbs, moss, live woody material, dead plant material, and void of plant material (exposed mineral soil). Six 33 feet line transects per treatment plot were divided into 6 inch segments and dominant seedling species\/species group tallied annually. Over 150 species\/species groups were identified and tracked over time. Weights of likely available live fuel were determined by species\/species group prior to each burn, as were weights of likely available dead fuel for various categories\/size classes. Paired postburn samples were collected to determine consumption of various fuel categories. Overstory and midstory pine crown scorch, foliage consumption, and hardwood mortality were tallied within two weeks following each burn. Other vegetation datasets include pine seedling establishment and survival over time on the 18 MA subplots per treatment plot. Red cockaded woodpecker (RCW) related information was collected annually by Region 8 (Southern Region) of the USFS and is available from them. Live and dead fuel moisture data were sampled prior to every burn and can include preburn moisture content grab samples, 10-hour fuel stick readings, and random lumber probe readings. Fire behavior records of headfires and backfires can include rate of spread, flame length, flame angle, flame zone depth, short distance spotting, slopovers, burnout time, and percent of plot burned. The study plan called for observations of fire residence time as well, but such observations were rarely recorded. Weather data include on-plot hand-held instrument observations of surface wind velocity, ambient temperature and relative humidity (RH). On-site data collected can include precipitation, ambient temperature, RH and wind traces from recording gauges. Keetch Byram Drought Index (KBDI) calculation and National Fire danger Rating System NFDRS predictions and other weather observations taken at two nearby Georgia Forestry Commission weather stations were also included.The purpose of this study was to quantify long-term site response to various short return interval dormant and growing season underburns on the lower Piedmont of Georgia. Objectives include: 1) establish a preburn data base from which the magnitude of any treatment-induced changes can be judged; 2) measure overstory pine growth response; 3) document pine seedling establishment and subsequent survival; and, 4) quantify changes in hardwood stature and composition, and 5) track changes in the forest floor.Original metadata date was 11\/10\/2016. Minor metadata updates on 12\/16\/2016.","keyword":["biota","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Ecology","Plant ecology","Fire","Fire ecology","Prescribed fire","Natural Resource Management & Use","Restoration","Timber","fire reintroduction","fire effects","fire behavior","fire damage","southern pine beetle damage","SPB damage","control of unwanted species","lower GA Piedmont vegetation","low intensity fire","hardwood control","old growth loblolly pine site","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","Hitchiti Experimental Forest","Brender Demonstration Forest","Oconee Ranger District","Chattahoochee National Forest","Georgia","Jones County"],"spatial":"-83.71194,33.02139,-83.70333,33.03139","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0028","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0028","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-16"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Final spatial and tabular data from a process-based model (3-PG) used to predict and map hybrid poplar biomass productivity in Minnesota and Wisconsin, USA","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0029","description":"Hybrid poplars have demonstrated high biomass productivity in the North Central USA as short rotation woody crops (SRWCs). However, our ability to quantitatively predict productivity for sites that are not currently in SRWCs is limited. In this study, the Physiological Processes Predicting Growth (3-PG) model was (1) assigned parameters for hybrid poplars using species-specific physiological data and allometric relationships from previously published studies, (2) calibrated for the North Central region using previously-published biomass data from eight plantations along with site-specific climate and soils data, (3) validated against previously published biomass data from four other plantations using linear regression of actual versus predicted total aboveground dry biomass, (4) evaluated for sensitivity of the model to manipulation of the parameter for age at full canopy cover (fullCanAge) and the fertility rating growth modifier, and (5) combined with soil and climate data layers to produce a map of predicted biomass productivity for the states of Minnesota and Wisconsin. This package contains the polygon feature layer and tabular data that correspond to 'Using a process-based model (3-PG) to predict and map hybrid poplar biomass productivity in Minnesota and Wisconsin, USA.' (Headlee et al. 2013). The tabular data for mean annual biomass for hybrid poplar including the STATSGO soil and NARR climate values were used to generate the biomass values. The WTAvg_DM values represent the overall predicted biomass productivity for hybrid poplars.While 3-PG has been used both to model growth and to estimate site productivity for eucalypt and pine species, and the model has been tested in Canada for hybrid poplar and willow, similar reports for hybrid poplars in the USA are lacking. Therefore, given the heightened interest in using these purpose-grown trees for energy, fiber, and environmental benefits, our objectives were to parameterize, calibrate, and validate the 3-PG model for hybrid poplars in the region, and use the validated model to map potential biomass yields for Minnesota and Wisconsin.Original metadata date was 10\/19\/2016. Minor metadata updates on 12\/16\/2016.","keyword":["3-PG","STATSGO","NARR","geographic information system","Populus","site quality","yield","environment","farming","Forest Products","Bioenergy and biomass","Natural Resource Management & Use","Agroforestry","Restoration","Ecosystem services","Minnesota","Wisconsin"],"spatial":"-97.247230,42.321341,-86.277083,49.386891","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0029","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0029","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-16"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Final spatial and tabular poplar biomass estimates for Minnesota and Wisconsin, USA based on the approach for siting poplar energy production systems to increase productivity and associated ecosystem services","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0030","description":"Short rotation woody crops such as Populus spp. and their hybrids (i.e., poplars) are a significant component of the total biofuels and bioenergy feedstock resource in the USA. We used available social (i.e., land ownership and cover) and biophysical (i.e., climate and soil characteristics) spatial data to map eligible lands suitable for establishing and growing poplar biomass for bioenergy crops across Minnesota and Wisconsin, USA. This package contains a polygon feature layer and tabular data produced for the 'An approach for siting poplar energy production systems to increase productivity and associated ecosystem services' (Zalesny et al. 2012). The polygon feature layer represents a coarse resolution (approximately 32-kilometer) polygon lattice framework. The associated tabular data includes the mean annual biomass for poplar as well as the SSURGO soil and NARR climate values that were used to generate the biomass values. The WTD_Avg_DM values represent the poplar productivity generated by the Physiological Processes Predicting Growth (3-PG) model. The additional ERDAS IMAGINE raster image contains the final spatial predictions of biomass productivity for hybrid poplar at a finer scale (30-meter resolution).Production of dedicated energy crops may result in large-scale land conversion, which leads to questions about economic, logistic, and ecologic feasibility. To address such concerns, we used available social and biophysical spatial data to map eligible lands suitable for establishing and growing poplar biomass for bioenergy crops. While this novel approach was validated for Minnesota and Wisconsin, our methodology was developed to be useful across a wide range of geographic conditions, irrespective of intra-regional variability in site and climate parameters. Thus, this information is vital for siting poplar energy production systems to increase productivity and associated ecosystem services, and is widely applicable to woody biomass production systems worldwide.Original metadata date was 10\/19\/2016. Metadata were updated on 10\/24\/2016 to include another reference.\n\nMinor metadata updates on 12\/16\/2016.","keyword":["3-PG","biofuels","bioenergy","bioproducts","Populus","productivity modeling","SSURGO","NARR","farming","environment","Forest Products","Bioenergy and biomass","Natural Resource Management & Use","Agroforestry","Restoration","Ecosystem services","Minnesota","Wisconsin"],"spatial":"-97.247230,42.321341,-86.277083,49.386891","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0030","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0030","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-16"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Chaparral shrub bulk density and fire behavior","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0031","description":"This data publication contains bulk density measurements from two typical species of chaparral shrub which were harvested in 2010 from the North Mountain Experimental Area near Riverside, CA (NMEA), namely chamise (Adenostoma fasciculatum) and manzanita (Arctostaphylos sp.). Data include shrub height, crown length, crown width, crown base height, and moisture content, as well as total mass, mass by fuel particle size class, crown volume, and calculated bulk density by shrub height segments. Also included are fire characteristics data from a companion study of fire behavior in similar individual 4-year old live chamise shrubs. The fire behavior data include shrub bulk density, moisture content and total mass consumed during each experimental run for multiple bulk density classes, wind speeds, and ignition methods. Burn time, horizontal and vertical flame spread rates, flame length and flame angle, as well as maximum mass loss rate and peak gas temperatures were also recorded. The R code used to analyze these fire characteristics in Li et al. 2017 is also included.Chaparral shrub bulk density data were collected to examine their vertical distribution for two typical species of shrub fuels, chamise and manzanita since these data are not common and physically-based fire spread models require this information. A companion study was then conducted to examine the effects on shrub canopy characteristics on fire spread through a single shrub. The specific objective was to characterize fire progression through a chamise shrub in terms of fire spread rate, gas temperature, heat flux, and solid fuel mass evolution for several different combinations of bulk density, wind velocity, and ignition location, which has not frequently been studied in the past.Original metadata date was 11\/30\/2016. Minor metadata updates were made on 09\/03\/2016.","keyword":["bulk density","live fuel","fire behavior","wildland fire","biota","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Plant ecology","Fire","Prescribed fire","Fire ecology","Riverside","California","southern California","North Mountain Experimental Area","NMEA"],"spatial":"-117,33,-116,34","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0031","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0031","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2019-09-03"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"NorWeST stream temperature data summaries for the western U.S.","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0032","description":"NorWeST is an interagency stream temperature database and model for the western United States containing data from over 20,000 unique stream locations. Temperature observations were solicited from state, federal, tribal, private, and municipal resource organizations and processed using a custom cleaning script developed by Gwynne Chandler. Summaries of daily, weekly, and monthly means, minima, and maxima are provided for observation years. The data summaries and location information are available in user-friendly file formats that include: 1) a map (PDF) depicting the locations of in-stream thermographs (temperature sensors) for each processing unit, 2) a GIS shapefile (SHP) containing the location of these sensors for each processing unit, and 3) a tabular file (XLSX) containing observed temperature database summaries for data generally ranging from 1993 to 2015, dependent on the processing unit. Each point shapefile extent corresponds to NorWeST processing units, which generally relate to 6 digit (3rd code) hydrologic unit codes (HUCs). The tabular data can be joined to the observation point shapefile using the ID field OBSPRED_ID. The NorWeST NHDPlusV1 processing units include: Salmon, Clearwater, Spokoot, Missouri Headwaters, Snake-Bear, MidSnake, MidColumbia, Oregon Coast, South-Central Oregon, Upper Columbia-Yakima, Washington Coast, Upper Yellowstone-Bighorn, Upper Missouri-Marias, and Upper Green-North Platte. The NorWeST NHDPlusV2 processing units include: Lahontan Basin, Northern California-Coastal Klamath, Utah, Coastal California, Central California, Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, and Black Hills.These data have many potential uses including the assessment of stream temperature regimes, development of climate scenarios, understanding habitat and climate effects on stream temperatures, describing the thermal ecology of aquatic species, and conducting climate vulnerability assessments.For more information on the NorWeST stream temperature project see: https:\/\/www.fs.usda.gov\/rm\/boise\/AWAE\/projects\/NorWeST.html \n\t  \nThis data publication originally became available via the FS Research Data Archive on 11\/17\/2016. On 7\/27\/2022 the metadata was updated to correct old URLs.","keyword":["biota","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","environment","inlandWaters","Climate change","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","Forest & Plant Health","Climate effects","Invasive species","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Natural Resource Management & Use","Landscape management","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Fish","Habitat management","NorWeST","stream temperature database","stream temperature records","modeling","Spatial Stream Network","stream network","GIS","aquatic vulnerability assessments","decision support","stream temperatures","river temperatures","hobo","thermographs","data loggers","temperature model","covariate predictors","climate change","global warming","water","river network","stream network","stream temperature model","river temperature model","modeled temperature","observed temperature","climate scenarios","temperature sensor","microclimate","topoclimate","big data","citizen science","crowd sourcing","California","Oregon","Washington","Nevada","Utah","Idaho","Montana","Wyoming","Colorado","Arizona","New Mexico"],"spatial":"-126.033239,30.784584,-100.259380,49.353079","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0032","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0032","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-07-27"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"NorWeST modeled summer stream temperature scenarios for the western U.S.","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0033","description":"NorWeST summer stream temperature scenarios were developed for all rivers and streams in the western U.S. from the > 20,000 stream sites in the NorWeST database where mean August stream temperatures were recorded. The scenarios include: 1) Adobe PDF format maps depicting historical and future modeled mean August stream temperatures, 2) graphs (JPG format) demonstrating the accuracy of the temperature model, and 3) GIS shapefiles (SHP format) representing the spatially modeled stream temperatures. The GIS shapefiles include stream lines and associated mid-points representing 1 kilometer intervals along the stream network. Stream lines were derived from the 1:100,000 scale NHDPlus dataset (USEPA and USGS 2010; McKay et al. 2012). Shapefile extents correspond to NorWeST processing units, which generally relate to 6 digit (3rd code) hydrologic unit codes (HUCs) or in some instances closely correspond to state borders. The line and point shapefiles contain identical modeled stream temperature results. The two shapefile formats are meant to complement one another for use in different applications. In addition, spatial and temporal covariates used to generate the modeled temperatures are included in the shapefile attribute tables. The NorWeST NHDPlusV1 processing units include: Salmon, Clearwater, Spokoot, Missouri Headwaters, Snake-Bear, MidSnake, MidColumbia, Oregon Coast, South-Central Oregon, Upper Columbia-Yakima, Washington Coast, Upper Yellowstone-Bighorn, Upper Missouri-Marias, and Upper Green-North Platte. The NorWeST NHDPlusV2 processing units include: Lahontan Basin, Northern California-Coastal Klamath, Utah, Coastal California, Central California, Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, and Black Hills.These data were originally intended to be used for managing biological resources and predicting species distributions affected by August mean stream temperature.For more information on the NorWeST stream temperature project see: https:\/\/www.fs.usda.gov\/rm\/boise\/AWAE\/projects\/NorWeST.html\n\t  \nThis data publication originally became available via the FS Research Data Archive on 11\/17\/2016. On 7\/27\/2022 the metadata was updated to correct old URLs.","keyword":["biota","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","environment","inlandWaters","Climate change","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","Forest & Plant Health","Climate effects","Invasive species","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Natural Resource Management & Use","Landscape management","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Fish","Habitat management","NorWeST","stream temperature database","stream temperature records","modeling","Spatial Stream Network","stream network","GIS","aquatic vulnerability assessments","decision support","stream temperatures","river temperatures","hobo","thermographs","data loggers","temperature model","covariate predictors","climate change","global warming","water","river network","stream network","stream temperature model","river temperature model","modeled temperature","observed temperature","climate scenarios","temperature sensor","microclimate","topoclimate","big data","citizen science","crowd sourcing","California","Oregon","Washington","Nevada","Utah","Idaho","Montana","Wyoming","Colorado","Arizona","New Mexico","South Dakota"],"spatial":"-126.033239,30.784584,-100.259380,49.353079","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0033","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0033","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-07-27"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Spatial dataset of probabilistic wildfire risk components for the conterminous United States","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0034","description":"National burn probability (BP) and conditional fire intensity level (FIL) data were generated for the conterminous United States (US) using a geospatial Fire Simulation (FSim) system developed by the US Forest Service Missoula Fire Sciences Laboratory to estimate probabilistic components of wildfire risk (Finney et al. [2011]). The FSim system includes modules for weather generation, wildfire occurrence, fire growth, and fire suppression. FSim is designed to simulate the occurrence and growth of wildfires under tens of thousands of hypothetical contemporary fire seasons in order to estimate the probability of a given area (i.e., pixel) burning under current landscape conditions and fire management practices. The data presented here represent modeled BP and FIL for the conterminous US at a 270-meter grid spatial resolution. The six FILs correspond to flame-length classes as follows: FIL1 = < 2 feet (ft); FIL2 = 2 < 4 ft.; FIL3 = 4 < 6 ft.; FIL4 = 6 < 8 ft.; FIL5 = 8 < 12 ft.; FIL6 = 12+ ft. Because they indicate conditional probabilities (i.e., representing the likelihood of burning at a certain intensity level, given that a fire occurs), the FIL*_20160830 data must be used in conjunction with the BP_20160830 data for risk assessment.National-scale assessment of wildfire risk offers a consistent means of understanding and comparing threats to valued resources and predicting and prioritizing investments in management activities that mitigate those risks. We used a simulation system to estimate the probabilistic components of wildfire risk for 128 distinct regions of contemporary wildfire activity (pyromes) across the conterminous US (CONUS). The system, called FSim, consists of modules for weather generation, and for modeling of large-fire occurrence, growth, and suppression. FSim is designed to simulate the occurrence and growth of fires under tens of thousands of hypothetical contemporary fire seasons in order to estimate burn probabilities and conditional flame lengths at multiple spatial scales, given current landscape conditions and fire management policies. These outputs have been generated for the CONUS to support a number of national planning and risk assessment efforts.Original metadata date was 11\/30\/2016. Minor metadata updates were made on 06\/30\/17 and 08\/15\/2017. This edition of these data are available as a map service: https:\/\/apps.fs.usda.gov\/fsgisx01\/rest\/services\/RDW_Wildfire\/ProbabilisticWildfireRisk\/MapServer.\n\n** NOTE: On 03\/23\/2020 a second edition of these data became available (Short et al. 2020; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0034-2) and we recommend the use of this newer edition. It is based on circa 2014 landscape data, which were the most current LANDFIRE products available at the time of production. It is also expanded to include Alaska and Hawaii at 270-meter resolution.","keyword":["geoscientificInformation","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Fire","burn probability","flame length","fire intensity","conterminous United States","CONUS"],"spatial":"-127.972202,22.765684,-65.258792,51.632799","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0034","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0034","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2020-03-23"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Eastern United States wildfire hazard model: 2000-2009","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0035","description":"The wildfire hazard models are a set of 12 raster geospatial products produced by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station that are intended to be used in analyses of wildfire hazards in the region of New Jersey, Ohio, and Pennsylvania. Each raster represents the monthly hazard of a wildfire occurring within a 30 meter pixel as a probability. A statistical model for each month was parameterized with an integrated moisture index, a cumulative drought severity index for the month during the period 2000 to 2009, percent forest cover, and wildland-urban interface classifications to predict the probability of wildfire occurrence based on reported wildfires. Each model included 10 iterations and the raster products of average, minimum, maximum, median, and standard deviation of the predicted probability of a wildfire occurrence is provided. All raster values were converted to integers by multiplying by 10 to reduce file sizes. Therefore, the range of probabilities is 0 to 1000 for the modeled occurrence of a wildfire.These products are intended to provide managers and planners with information related to the wildfire hazard based on reported incidents from 2000 to 2009. Local and daily weather conditions should be monitored to determine site specific burn susceptibility. Our monthly wildfire hazard data is intended to provide long-term trends of potential environmental conditions that coincided with reported wildfires.","keyword":["environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Landscape ecology","Environment and People","Fire","Wildland\/urban interface","maximum entrophy","integrated moisture index","cumulative drought severity index","wildfire hazard","wildland-urban interface","statistical model","New Jersey","Ohio","Pennsylvania"],"spatial":"-84.952948,38.135801,-73.762121,42.288946","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0035","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0035","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2017-01-12"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Daily black carbon emissions data from fires in Northern Eurasia for 2002\u20132015","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0036","description":"This data publication, the Fire Emission Inventory \u2013 Northern Eurasia (FEI-NE), consists of a high spatial resolution (500 meter \u00d7 500 meter) dataset of daily black carbon (BC) emissions from forest, grassland, shrubland, and savanna fires in Northern Eurasia from 2002 to 2015. BC emissions were estimated using land cover maps and detected burned areas based on MODIS (MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) remote sensing products, the Forest Inventory Survey of the Russian Federation, the IPCC Tier-1 Global Biomass Carbon Map for the year 2000, and cover type specific BC emission factors. The data publication includes land cover type, fuel loading, and fuel consumption which are input for the model used to estimate BC emissions. These data provide daily emission sources for the assessment of the transport and deposition of BC on Arctic ice and snow.Black carbon (BC), is a strongly light-absorbing component of particulate matter (PM). BC is produced by the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, biomass, and biofuel, and is emitted into the atmosphere as fine particulate matter (PM2.5, particles with an aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 microns). BC is the most effective form of PM (by mass) at absorbing solar radiation and it exerts significant direct radiative forcing that contributes to climate warming.  Additionally, BC deposited on Arctic snow and ice can significantly reduce the surface albedo, resulting in greater absorption of solar radiation which is a positive radiative forcing. Further, the reduced surface albedo from BC deposition can accelerate the melting of Arctic snow and ice, reducing the extent and duration of snow and ice coverage thereby further reducing the surface albedo and providing a positive feedback to climate warming. Open biomass burning in Northern Eurasia is a potentially important source of BC deposition in the Arctic. This data product provides daily emission sources for the assessment of the transport and deposition of BC onto Arctic ice and snow. Such information is critical for assessing the impacts of BC on accelerated melting of Arctic ice and snow and on solar radiation in the atmosphere.","keyword":["climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","environment","Climate change","Carbon","Fire","Smoke","Fire effects on environment","biomass burning","wildland fire","smoke dispersion","smoke emissions","wildfire","Eurasia","Russia","Eastern Asia","Central Asia","Western Asia","Europe"],"spatial":"-10,56,180,81","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0036","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0036","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-27"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Data and source code for \"A Bayesian model to correct underestimated 3D wind speeds from sonic anemometers increases turbulent components of the surface energy balance\"","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0037","description":"Sonic anemometers are the principal instruments in micrometeorological studies of turbulence and ecosystem fluxes. Common designs underestimate vertical wind measurements because they lack a correction for transducer shadowing, with no consensus on a suitable correction. We present a subset of data collected during field experiments in 2011 and 2013 featuring two or four CSAT3 sonic anemometers. We introduce a Bayesian analysis to resolve the three-dimensional correction by optimizing differences between anemometers mounted both vertically and horizontally. A grid of 512 points (~ \u00b15\u00b0 resolution in wind location) is defined on a sphere around the sonic anemometer, from which the shadow correction for each transducer-pair is derived from a set of 138 unique state variables describing the quadrants and borders. Using the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method, the Bayesian model proposes new values for each state variable, recalculates the fast-response dataset, summarizes the five-minute wind statistics, and accepts the proposed new values based on the probability that they make measurements from vertical and horizontal anemometers more equivalent. MCMC chains were constructed for three different prior distributions describing the state variables: no shadow correction, the Kaimal correction for transducer shadowing, and double the Kaimal correction, all initialized with 10% uncertainty.\n\t  \nThis archive includes all data and source code required to create the 3-D posterior correction and to analyze its effect during the 2011 and 2013 field experiments plus a 2016 field validation experiment. There are 20 Hz wind velocity and temperature data from the 2011 and 2013 field experiments contained within 74,664 files (one file each per five-minute period, replicate anemometer, and separated between wind and temperature) and 20 Hz wind velocity and temperature data from the 2016 experiment contained within 1883 files (one file each per each five-minute period, each file contains 3 replicate anemometers). R code is provided to estimate the posterior correction from the 2011 and 2013 wind data using Bayesian analysis assuming three prior corrections: a flat prior, the Kaimal correction, and double the Kaimal correction. Matlab code is provided to normalize, thin, and scale the posterior correction into its final form. Matlab code is provided to apply the posterior correction and to analyze is effect for both sets of data. Auxiliary files to execute the code are also provided.These are from a series of field experiments conducted to determine the accuracy of sonic anemometer wind velocity measurements.Original metadata date was 08\/30\/2017. Minor metadata updates on 05\/09\/2018.","keyword":["climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","Climate change","Carbon","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Ecology","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","sonic anemometry","eddy covariance","Glacier Lakes Ecosystem Experiments Site","GLEES","Medicine Bow National Forest","Wyoming","Agricultural Research Development and Education Center","ARDEC","Fort Collins","Colorado"],"spatial":"-106.239950,40.652200,-104.996033,41.366533","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0037","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0037","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2017-08-30"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"RxCADRE 2012: In-situ fire behavior measurements","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0038","description":"This data publication contains fire behavior package (FBP) data; primarily flame temperature, horizontal and vertical mass flow, fire intensity, as well as ocular rates of spread (ROS), wind speed and direction data from the Prescribed Fire Combustion and Atmospheric Dynamics Research Experiment (RxCADRE) project conducted in November, 2012. These experiments were conducted on 7 small replicate and 3 large operational prescribed burn blocks in longleaf pine ecosystems on Eglin Air Force Base in Okaloosa County, Florida. Data were collected using three separate sensor systems. The first included sensor\/datalogger measurements of convective\/radiant energy, temperature and mass flow released by the fire. The second was a digital video camera housed in a fire proof enclosure that recorded visual images of the fire behavior. The third was an array of broadly distributed HOBO micro station anemometers. Both FBP sensor packages and camera system were located nominally 0.5 meters above ground level. The anemometers were 3.05 meters above ground level. The raw data have been processed using calibration data and converted into engineering units. The data provides 10 Hz fire flux measurements (kW\/m\u00b2), temperature (C), and mass flow (m\/sec) in the vertical and horizontal direction per FBP. The anemometer data provide 1 second wind speed and direction as well as 3 second average wind spread, direction and maximum gust.These data were collected as part of a collaborative fire research campaign. The in-situ fire behavior data, in addition to the remote sensed fire behavior data (O'Brien et al. 2015) compliment the fire effects, fuels and atmospheric components of the RxCadre research design. The collaborative approach was novel to this large-scale set of experiments and provides potential users with a broad spectrum of fire related data collected in unison.A short summary of the RxCADRE project can be found in the full data download (\\Supplements\\RxCADRE_Project_Overview.pdf). Information about the RxCADRE project can also be found here: \/\/www.fs.fed.us\/pnw\/fera\/research\/rxcadre\/.","keyword":["biota","environment","Fire","Fire effects on environment","Fire ecology","Prescribed fire","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","prescribed fire","fire behavior","heat flux","temperature","mass flow","wildland fire","wind","anemometer","time series","RxCADRE","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","Eglin Air Force Base","Florida"],"spatial":"-86.84143,30.47607,-86.64917,30.62439","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0038","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0038","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2016-12-13"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Tree demography records and last recorded fire dates from the Pinale\u00f1o Demography Project, Arizona USA","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0001","description":"This data publication includes tree measurements taken from 2008-2013 across a gradient of forest types in the Pinale\u00f1o Mountains in southeastern Arizona, USA. Tree data include: species, pith date, and last recorded fire date. These data were collected as part of the USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station (RMRS) Growth and Demography of Pinale\u00f1o High Elevation Forests research project.Data were collected to document changes to forest-scale demographic patterns and effects from recent fires, insect outbreaks, and past land management policies and to characterize the precision and accuracy of aerial lidar.These data correspond to tree species, establishment dates, and plot labels to support the methods and results of: O'Connor, Christoper D.; Falk, Donald A.; Lynch, Ann M.; Swetnam, Thomas W.; Wilcox, Craig P. 2016. Disturbance and productivity interactions mediate stability of forest composition and structure. Ecol Appl. Accepted Author Manuscript. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eap.1492.","keyword":["biota","geoscientificInformation","Climate change","Ecological adaptation","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Landscape ecology","Fire","Fire ecology","Forest & Plant Health","Human effects","Natural Resource Management & Use","Restoration","fire exclusion","type conversion","forest resilience","population dynamics","climate change","ecological gradient","mixed-conifer forest","restoration","Effective Energy and Mass Transfer (EEMT)","Arizona","USA","Sky Island","southwest","Interior Forest","Pinale\u00f1o Mountains"],"spatial":"-109.73000,32.60000,-110.11000,32.79000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0001","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0001","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2017-03-07"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Data for pollen gene dispersal of black walnut across a heterogeneous landscape in central Indiana","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0002","description":"Black walnut stands from four sites located in Indiana in the Midwestern United States were sampled. Two sites are forest fragments, both of which are on private agricultural land in Carol County. The other two sites are on continuous forests: Turkey Run State Park in Parke County and Long Hollow State Forest in Crawford County. Leaves from every living black walnut tree on these four sites were collected in 2002-2004, and then their DNA extracted and genotyping carried out at Purdue University 2004-2006. Data include tree diameter, tree location, and the generated alleles or amplicons for each of the 12 microsatellites for that individual tree.Data were collected to understand the effect of landscape, especially degree of forest fragmentation, on pollen flow of black walnut, allelelic diversity, regeneration, spatial genetic structure and reproductive success.This package was published on 03\/09\/2017. On 08\/28\/2025 we made a few minor updates to the metadata.","keyword":["biota","environment","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","black walnut","Juglans nigra","microsatellite","gene flow","pollination","reproductive success","fragmentation","wind pollination","hardwood","regeneration","Indiana","Carol County","Crawford County","Parke County","Long Hollow","Hoosier National Forest","Turkey Run State Park"],"spatial":"-88,38,-86,41","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0002","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0002","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-08-28"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Coram Experimental Forest daily meteorology data for Desert Ridge and Terrace Hills weather stations: 1996-2015","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0003","description":"This data publication contains daily meteorological data collected at the Desert Ridge and Terrace Hills weather stations located on the Coram Experimental Forest (Flathead National Forest) in Montana. The Terrace Hills weather station was installed in May of 1996, and the Desert Ridge weather station was installed in May of 2001. Data are included up through 2015 for both stations. In August (Terrace Hills) and September (Desert Ridge) of 2015 the meteorological sensors, new data loggers were installed and the program updated to collect data on an hourly basis. We are more confident in the new data (not yet published) than the data included in this publication because the old sensors were not maintained as recommended by the manufacturer - as detailed in the accuracy report.The Coram Experimental Forest (CEF) was established in 1933 to address research questions concerning the regeneration and growth of western larch forests. Many silviculture experiments have been conducted at CEF over the years (Shearer and Kempf 1999) and weather monitoring was established to enhance the scope of these and future studies.Precipitation, air temperature and relative humidity were collected at the Coram Experimental Forest's Lunch Fork and Abbot Creek flumes between 1997 and 2004. At the time of this publication, these data have not been archived. Additional local climate data are available from a Remote Automated Weather Station (RAWS; 2001 to present) located at the Hungry Horse Ranger District and a SNOTEL station (1976 to present) located in the Emery Creek drainage just east of Abbot Creek drainage.","keyword":["biota","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","environment","geoscientificInformation","Climate change","Climatology","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Forest & Plant Health","Climate effects","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","Soil","meteorology","weather","climate","atmospheric condition","precipitation","Coram Experimental Forest","Northern Rocky Mountains","Flathead National Forest","Montana","Crown of the Continent"],"spatial":"-113.98,48.38,-113.95,48.43","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0003","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0003","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2017-01-04"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"MODIS-based annual production estimates from 2000-2015 for rangelands in USFS grazing allotments in Region 5","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0004","description":"This data publication contains an ESRI grid dataset describing annual productivity and drought in the non-forest domain of Region 5 (California) of the United States Forest Service (USFS). Production data were generated from the Rangeland Vegetation Simulator (RVS). This program uses Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) from 2000-2015 at 250 square meter resolution to estimate production. NDVI is converted to production estimates using vegetation specific coefficients in the Rangeland Vegetation Simulator (RVS). In addition to annual production data (offered in pounds per acre), this ESRI grid dataset also provides an annual summation of drought data from the USDA drought monitor for aiding interpretation of annual production data. Both the production and drought data are offered from 2000-2015. In addition, basic relationships, such as correlation coefficients, between drought and productivity are offered so that the analyst can find anomalies in allotments where production is not matching temporal patterns of drought. The RVS was applied to allotments of Region 5 of the USFS. The allotment data were spatially combined with CalVeg (Classification and Assessment with Landsat of Visible Ecological Groupings) (a polygon based description of vegetation types for California and more information can be found at: https:\/\/www.fs.fed.us\/r5\/rsl\/projects\/classification\/system.shtml) layer to produce 4035 unique combinations of vegetation attributes and allotments. The vegetation classification used to do this combination was the Society for Range Management (SRM) cover type. There were 23 vegetation types considered to represent non-forested vegetation in the SRM classification found across the grazing allotments. The time period of analysis for this assessment across which production estimates were developed was also 2000-2015.These data were generated to facilitate Forest Plan Revisions in Region 5 and assist in analyzing non-forest productivity trends for grazing allotments in R5. Grazing allotments are monitored to ensure that best management practices are applied, standards and guidelines are met, and landscapes are meeting or moving towards desired conditions. Monitoring can also help rangeland managers respond to natural phenomena such as wildfire, drought, and climate change. Monitoring provides feedback essential to making informed management decisions and evaluating their results. The Forest Service is required by law to develop and adhere to an analysis schedule for all of its grazing allotments. These data facilitate meeting these requirements by answering such questions as \u201cwhat is the trend in annual production in California\u2019s grazing allotments?\u201d","keyword":["vegetation","rangeland productivity","drought","grazing allotments","NEPA","National Environmental Policy Act","carrying capacity","biota","environment","Natural Resource Management & Use","Range management & grazing","Assessments","Monitoring","Ecosystem services","Region 5","California"],"spatial":"-126.886748,31.245474,-113.619336,43.462807","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0004","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0004","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2017-02-03"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Northern New Mexico post-fire refugia data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0005","description":"This publication contains spatial data, tabular data and scripts used to analyze the spatial patterns of refugia and associated plant communities following each of several fires in northern New Mexico. Four of the geotiff files were derived during the project (*Kernel.tif) using dNBR (delta Normalized Burn Ratio) or dNDVI (delta Normalized Difference Vegetation Index). The kernel raster data represent density of unburned\/low severity grid cells in approximately 10-hectare neighborhoods following the Cerro Grande, Dome, La Mesa, and Las Conchas fire events in 2000, 1996, 1977, and 2011, respectively. The data were produced using a kernel smooth process, with output values range from 0 to 1, representing a gradient in neighborhood density of refugia. In addition, geotiff files of the dNBR for Las Conchas (this version is not available at mtbs.gov, but was provided for the study by S. Howard, USGS-EROS), the dNDVI for La Mesa and the La Mesa footprint (both developed for the Fire atlas for the Gila and Aldo Leopold Wilderness Areas project; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0023) are also included. Finally, the archive contains a digital elevation model (developed by USGS-EROS), cropped to the study area; the DEM was used to derive terrain metrics describing topographic heterogeneity at local and catchment scales. The text files contain R scripts and associated tabular data that can be used to repeat the analysis presented in the publication by performing the following functions: 1) generate the kernel rasters (kernel geotiffs described, above); 2) generate terrain metrics from DEM (geotiff included), 3) sample the kernel rasters, terrain metric outputs and 1 kilometer resolution bioclimatic data (downloaded from https:\/\/adaptwest.databasin.org\/pages\/adaptwest-climatena); 4) develop environmental models from the raster sample data (text file included); and 5) conduct a multivariate analysis of species and communities using species data recorded in the field (text file included).The purpose of the data assembled here was to quantify and better understand spatial patterns following large fires with regard to physical environments, as well as species and communities. The field data were collected as part of a larger study to analyze landscape change in Bandelier National Monument (https:\/\/nhnm.unm.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/nonsensitive\/publications\/\/Muldavin_etal%202010_BAND%20veg%20map%20NRTR.pdf). Spatial data were developed using kernel density functions to model the patterns of places that remained relatively unchanged following fire.This data publication contains the data associated with Haire et al. 2017.\n\t  \nOriginal metadata date 02\/10\/2017. Metadata updated on 03\/08\/2017 to include new publication information for Haire et al. 2017.","keyword":["elevation","environment","location","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Landscape ecology","Fire","Fire ecology","Fire effects on environment","refugial gradient","Gaussian kernel","burn severity","digital elevation model","terrain analysis","species ordination","generalized additive models","spatial climate","disturbance interactions","rear edge populations","Pinus ponderosa","northern New Mexico","Cerro Grande","Dome","La Mesa","Las Conchas"],"spatial":"-106.660032,35.644118,-106.164147,36.099456","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0005","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0005","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2017-03-08"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Mountain pine beetle attack severity data in lodgepole pine in the Northern Rockies from 1999-2014","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0006","description":"This feature class [lpp_mpb_USFSR1_20160601] contains stand characteristics of lodgepole pine in 2002 and mountain pine beetle attack severity data from 1999-2014 summarized by subwatershed in the USDA Northern Region 1. The geographic area covered includes the western portion of USDA Northern Region 1, which includes Washington, Idaho, Montana, and Wyoming. Lodgepole pine stand characteristics are summaries of forest parameter data created by the USDA Forest Service for The National Scale Risk Assessment of Tree Mortality Due to Major Insects and Disease (Krist et al. 2014). Mountain pine beetle attack severity was obtained from the Aerial Insect and Disease Detection Survey (USDA Forest Service Region 1 State & Private Forestry Forest Health Protection 2015). Subwatershed polygons are defined by the 12 code hydrological unit code established by the USGS National Watershed Boundary Dataset (2015), which is part of the USGS National Hydrography Dataset (2015). Additional subwatershed attributes included in these data were developed by finding coverages for specific ranges of stand characteristics in proportion to the area of the subwatershed.These data provide subwatershed summaries of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) characteristics and mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) severity during the 2000's (1999-2014) outbreak in the USDA Forest Service, Northern Region (R1).For more details on these data see the associated publication Howard et al. (IN PRESS).\n\t  \nOriginal metadata date was 09\/05\/2018. Minor updates to metadata were made on 07\/10\/2020.","keyword":["stand density index","lodgepole pine","trees per acre","basal area","quadratic mean diameter","attack severity","mountain pine beetle","Pinus contorta","Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins","CART analysis","landscape heterogeneity","disturbance ecology","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Ecology","Fire","Forest & Plant Health","Natural Resource Management & Use","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Idaho","Montana","Wyoming","Washington","Northwest","Northern Rockies Ecosystem","Northern Region 1","USA"],"spatial":"-117.874914,43.501787,-107.610325,50.008609","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0006","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0006","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2020-07-10"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Forest ownership in the conterminous United States circa 2014: distribution of seven ownership types - geospatial dataset","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0007","description":"This data publication contains 250 meter raster data depicting the spatial distribution of forest ownership types in the conterminous United States. The data are a modeled representation of forest land by ownership type, and include three types of public ownership: federal, state, and local; three types of private: family (includes individuals and families), corporate, and other private (includes conservation and natural resource organizations, and unincorporated partnerships and associations); as well as Native American tribal lands. The most up-to-date data available were used in creating this data publication. A plurality of the ownership data were from 2014, but some data were as old as 2004.These data are designed for strategic analyses at a national or regional scale which require spatially explicit information regarding the extent, distribution, and prevalence of the ownership types represented. These data are not recommended for tactical analyses on a sub-regional scale, or for informing local management decisions. Furthermore, map accuracies vary considerably and thus the utility of these data can vary geographically under different ownership patterns.Two associated data publications; Nelson et al. (2010), and Hewes et al. (2014), also portray ownership types of the conterminous United States. The former primarily depicts National Forest and other public on the public side, and percent in corporate ownership on the private side, while the latter depicts public (federal, state, and local) and private (family, corporate, and other private) ownership categories. This new data publication breaks out a seventh ownership type (tribal).\n\t  \nOn 07\/23\/2020 a newer version of these data became available (Sass et al. 2020) that contains recently available data and differentiates a new private ownership category: Timber Investment Management Organizations (TIMOs) and Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs), which are presented as a combined category.","keyword":["forest ownership","forest land","non-forest","owner types","public","private","corporate","tribal","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Resource inventory","Environment and People","Impact of people on environment","boundaries","environment","planningCadastre","United States of America","lower 48","contiguous","conterminous","CONUS"],"spatial":"-124.732770,25.130501,-66.969271,49.371730","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0007","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0007","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2020-07-23"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Three Sisters, Mt. Jefferson, and Mt. Washington wilderness areas in Oregon: 1991 visitor survey data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0009","description":"This data publication contains 1991 permit information and mail-back survey responses from visitors to the Three Sisters, Mt. Washington, and Mt. Jefferson Wilderness areas in Oregon. The survey data collected include visitor characteristics such as destination, length of stay, group size, mode of travel, camping preferences, and recreational activities during visit. Data also include visitor preferences for the management of these areas and related questions, such as evidence of recreation, number of visitors encountered, desired number of visitors to be encountered, management problems observed, and permit related questions.The primary purpose of the survey was to determine visitor perceptions of resource and social conditions, and to develop some knowledge of visitor characteristics. The overall objective was to provide the opportunity to evaluate the consequences of a use limit program, if such a program were initiated for the three wildernesses. Specifically, objectives were to assess changes in: visitors and visitor attitudes, visitor use distribution, social conditions, and campsite conditions. Changes in the above might be attributable to the institution of use limits and permit regulation.","keyword":["use limits","permits","regulations","visitors","visitor attitudes","visitor experience","conditions","resource use","management","management planning","biota","boundaries","location","society","transportation","Environment and People","Forest & Plant Health","Natural Resource Management & Use","Oregon","Cascade Mountain Range","Three Sisters Wilderness","Mount Jefferson Wilderness","Mount Washington Wilderness"],"spatial":"-121.9,44.0,-121.6,44.7","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0009","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0009","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2017-02-16"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Raw urban street tree inventory data for 49 California cities","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0010","description":"This data publication contains urban tree inventory data for 929,823 street trees that were collected from 2006 to 2013 in 49 California cities. Fifty six urban tree inventories were obtained from various sources for California cities across five climate zones. The five climate zones were based largely on aggregation of Sunset National Garden Book's 45 climate zones. Forty-nine of the inventories fit the required criteria of (1) included all publicly managed trees, (2) contained data for each tree on species and diameter at breast height (dbh) and (3) was conducted after 2005. Tree data were prepared for entry into i-Tree Streets by deleting unnecessary data, matching species to those in the i-Tree database, and establishing dbh size classes. Data included in this publication include tree location (city, street name and number), diameter at breast height, species name and\/or species code, and tree type.These data were used to calculate street tree stocking levels, species abundance, size diversity, function and value, which can be used to determine trends in tree number and density, identify priority investments and create baseline data against which the efficacy of future practices can be evaluated.","keyword":["biota","Urban natural resources management","Assessments","Resource inventory","urban tree inventory","community forest","municipal forest","street trees","tree benefits","urban ecosystem services","California"],"spatial":"-122.3482,32.7678,-116.3743,38.75004","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0010","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0010","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2017-08-15"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Raw data for urban trees in California communities","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0011","description":"This study used data from field plots in urban areas to describe forest structure (e.g., tree numbers, density, basal area, species composition) for six land use categories in six California climate zones: Southern California Coast, Inland Empire, Inland Valley, Southwest Desert, Northern, and Interior West. Two types of field plot data were utilized. The first set of data include 702 randomly sampled 0.04 hectare (ha) plots obtained from i-Tree Eco plot data for Los Angeles (in 2007-2008), Santa Barbara (2012) and the Sacramento area (2007). The second set of data (687 plots, in 2011) consisted of 0.067 ha (four 0.017 ha subplots) plots based on the Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) plot design. The number of plots collected varied by climate zone and a total of 3,796 trees were sampled. Data collection included percentage of tree canopy cover over the plot, tree species, stem diameter at breast height (1.37 meters above ground, dbh), tree height, crown width, distance and azimuth to buildings that fit the requirements as specified in the i-Tree Eco and Urban FIA manuals.Plot data were used to assess forest structure and model energy effects, carbon storage, carbon sequestration, avoided emissions, rainfall interception, and property values.Original metadata date was 07\/10\/2017. On 12\/11\/2017 metadata were updated to include reference to a new publication related to these data. Minor metadata updates were made on 3\/15\/2021","keyword":["biota","Climate change","community forest","ecosystem services","forest inventory","urban ecosystems","urban forestry","urban tree cover","California"],"spatial":"-123.534,32.534,-114.132,41.1847","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0011","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0011","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-03-15"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Characteristics of masticated particles in mixed-conifer forests of the western United States: Shape, particle, and fuel load characteristics","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0012","description":"This data publication contains the results of sorting masticated particles from mixed-conifer forests in 15 study locations. These data were collected from 2012 through 2016 as part of the MASTIDON project. The MASTIDON project was a four-year research project to study how masticated material differs when treated with different cutting machines and how the masticated particles decompose when left on the ground for multiple years. It investigated masticated materials in four states of the western United States. The project was funded by the Joint Fire Sciences Program (JFSP) and RMRS between 2013 and 2016.\n\t  \nThe masticated particles within this project were created by four different machines, including a vertical rotating head, horizontal drum, chipper, and mower. They had been decomposing in situ in wet and dry areas of Idaho, Colorado, New Mexico, and South Dakota since their initial treatment. Particles were broken down into 15 shape and three size classes. Each shape and size class was counted for total particles and weighed (in grams) for total fuel load by class. The total weights by shape and size class were then aggregated for a total fuel load for the 0.5 x 0.5 sample area at each location and converted to fuel loads for a 1 x 1 meter area. Subsamples of each shape and size class were taken to obtain specific information on the characteristics of particles in each class, such as average length, width, weight, particle density, volume, and surface area. This data publication includes field data on fuel loads, depth measurements, and bulk densities of five fuel layers; lab data from the sorting, characterization, and bulk density measurements of the fuel particles; and files describing the MASTIDON project and its goals.These data was created to examine the physical characteristics of masticated particles ranging from 0 to 10 years old.  Data are from particles collected from study sites that were paired as old and new treatments to examine the effect of aging in the masticated units.A short summary of this mastication project (MASTIDON) can be found in the full data publication download (\\Supplements\\Project_Overview_JFSP_Mastication 2012-2016.pdf). \n\nInformation about the MASTIDON project can also be found here: https:\/\/www.firelab.org\/project\/mastidon.\n\nOriginal metadata dates was 02\/23\/2017. Minor metadata updates included on 05\/09\/2017 and 08\/11\/2017.","keyword":["masticated fuels","horizontal drum head equipment","vertical rotating head equipment","chipping equipment","mowing equipment","masticated fuel shapes","masticated particle lengths","masticated particle densities","masticated fuel load","decomposition of masticated fuels","physical effects of mastication","ponderosa pine","western larch","Forest Ecology","fuels treatment","silvicultural prescription","mixed-conifer fuel characteristics","categorizing fuel particles","wood bulk density","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","Forest management","Fire","Fire ecology","biota","western United States","Idaho","Colorado","New Mexico","South Dakota"],"spatial":"-116.78938,35.78899,-103.64148,48.36082","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0012","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0012","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2017-08-11"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Use characteristics, visitor preferences, and conflict between horse users and hikers in the Charles C. Deam Wilderness Area: 1990-1991 visitor survey data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0013","description":"The Charles C. Deam Wilderness area is located on the Hoosier National Forest in Indiana. There has been historic use of this area by both hikers and horse riders, however there was substantial concern about the interaction and conflict between these two groups in this wilderness area. Between the summers of 1990 and 1991 a mailback questionnaire was sent to people visiting the Charles C. Deam Wilderness are for recreational purposes to investigate visitor use characterstics and preferences about their wilderness experience. Data include visitor activity, visitor characteristics, interaction with other groups, opinions regarding management policies, current wilderness conditions, preferred wilderness conditions, items influencing visitor quality, as well as user perception of similarities and differences between hikers and horse users.The purpose of this research was to learn enough about horse users and hikers including their interactions, and perceptions of each other to recommend some potential management solutions for mitigating conflict. Potential management solutions include separation of uses physically, separating uses temporally, using persuasive communication to change inappropriate or unacceptable behaviors, using information to help visitors avoid conflicting situations, and using information to change expectations about interactions with other groups.  \n\nThe goal was to establish baseline information on who the visitors are, their use patterns, and perceptions of appropriate social conditions.","keyword":["biota","boundaries","environment","health","planningCadastre","society","transportation","Environment and People","Recreation","Social values, ethics","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Natural Resource Management & Use","Wilderness","horse users","stock","hikers","conflict","wilderness","social conditions","visitor preferences","planning","conflict mitigation","management","Charles Deam Wilderness","United States","Indiana","Hoosier National Forest"],"spatial":"-86.408357,38.985593,-86.277511,39.076895","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0013","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0013","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2017-02-24"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Raster surfaces created from the cost-effective mapping of longleaf extent and condition using NAIP imagery and FIA data project","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0014","description":"This data publication contains twenty-four GeoTIFF files for four significant geographic areas (SGAs) in Alabama, Florida, and Georgia. The extent of the SGAs are defined within the America\u2019s Longleaf Range-wide Conservation Plan for Longleaf (2009). A raster grid file is provided for the extent of each SGA within each state and shows the amount of pine basal area per acre (BAA), the amount of all species BAA, the amount of pine trees per acre (TPA), the amount of all species TPA, dominant forest type classification, visually identified classification, the probability of an area being composed primarily of longleaf pine BAA, and the probability of an area being composed primarily of regeneration. These raster surfaces were created using machine learning relationships between FIA plot information (2010-2015) and NAIP imagery (2013) and are intended to be used to help quantify existing conditions of forested ecosystems and help prioritize longleaf restoration efforts across the four SGAs.Intended use for these datasets include: helping quantify existing conditions of forested ecosystems and helping to prioritize Longleaf restoration efforts across four significant geographic areas described in America\u2019s Longleaf Range-wide Conservation Plan for Longleaf (2009).Original metadata date is 03\/06\/2017. Minor metadata updates made on 9\/14\/2018, 07\/02\/2019, and 09\/16\/2024.","keyword":["biota","Forest & Plant Health","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Natural Resource Management & Use","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Longleaf","mapping","restoration","prioritization","Alabama","Florida","Georgia"],"spatial":"-88.22,29.91,-81.60,32.11","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0014","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0014","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-09-16"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Bob Marshall Wilderness Complex (BMWC) 1982 visitor characteristics, attitudes, and use patterns","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0015","description":"The data included in this publication include visitor characteristics, attitudes towards the wilderness experience, and use patterns for wilderness visitors to the Bob Marshall Wilderness Complex (BMWC) in 1982. Visitors were asked to provide contact information for a mail-back survey. Questions included that of age, education, types of groups, club memberships, attitudes such as satisfaction with wilderness experience, as well as use pattern questions such as method of travel, length of stay, and activities engaged in during trip. Over 700 responses were obtained. In part, the data were collected to replicate a 1970 study in the same area. The format of the surveys and data was informed by the earlier study for later trend anaylsisThe study of visitors to the BMWC was conducted to inform planning and management for outdoor recreational use in the BMWC. This study also partly replicated a study done in the same area in 1970, which allowed for the development of trends in the visitor characteristics, attitudes, and use patterns.","keyword":["visitor preferences","use characteristics","use patterns","visitor characteristics","attitudes","trends","Wilderness","planning","management","backcountry camping","horsepacking","carrying capacity","solitude","satisfaction","seasonal use","biota","boundaries","environment","health","planningCadastre","society","transportation","Environment and People","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Natural Resource Management & Use","United States of America","Montana","Bob Marshall Wilderness Complex","Scapegoat","Great Bear","Glacier National Park","National Forest Wilderness Areas"],"spatial":"-113.90461,46.93797,-112.54239,48.49044","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0015","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0015","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2017-03-15"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Bob Marshall Wilderness Complex (BMWC) 2004 visitor preference and usage data along with characteristics and attitudes towards Fire Management","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0016","description":"Research at the Bob Marshall Wilderness Complex (BMWC) in Montana explored differences in recreation visitors\u2019 attitudes towards the use of management-ignited prescribed fires in the wilderness. This data publication contains the results of both on-site and mail-back surveys during the summer and fall of 2004. Visitors to thirteen trailheads at the BMWC were asked to provide information on whether they used an outfitter, length of stay, mode of travel, education level, and previous experience level at the Bob Marshall Wilderness Complex. The 396 respondents to the on-site survey were then sent mail-back questionnaires asking questions regarding their stay and and visitor satisfaction with wilderness conditions encountered, both resource and social density conditions, and preference of various policies and fire management actions.The purpose of this study was to provide information on the characteristics of Bob Marshall Wilderness Complex uses, users, and user attitudes about the wilderness and its management. The objectives of this study were to: 1) Describe characteristics of the wilderness visit, including activities, methods of travel within the wilderness, timing of use, length of stay and camping practices; 2) Describe characteristics of visitors, including types of groups, party size, previous experience, residence, and socioeconomic descriptions; and, 3) Describe visitor attitudes, satisfaction with wilderness conditions encountered (both resource and social density conditions, and preference of various policies and management action).\n\t  \nOriginally, this project began in 2003 with a full survey conducted in that year- however the summer of 2003 was not a typical year for the BMWC.  Fires and fire fighting activity led to direct closures of popular recreation areas, destinations, and trailheads. Smoke, access limitations, and safety concerns undoubtedly discouraged visitation in areas directly affected as well as across the whole complex. A decision was made to repeat the survey in 2004 in hopes of better understanding the impacts of fires and fire closures. Data from 2004 allows comparison to previous studies in 1970 and 1982 and an understanding of how visitations was affected while the fires were burning in 2003.This data publication was originally published on 03\/15\/2017. On 11\/05\/2020 minor metadata updates were made.","keyword":["prescribed fire","recreation","restoration","social judgment","wilderness","visitor characteristics","visitor preference","attitudes","trends","hiking","horsepacking","seasonal use","management","biota","environment","geoscientificInformation","planningCadastre","society","transportation","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Environment and People","Fire","Natural Resource Management & Use","United States of America","Montana","Bob Marshall Wilderness Complex","Scapegoat","Great Bear","Glacier National Park","National Forest Wilderness Areas"],"spatial":"-113.90461,46.93797,-112.54239,48.49044","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0016","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0016","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2020-11-05"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"United States annual state-level population estimates from colonization to 1999","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0017","description":"The U.S. landscape has undergone substantial changes since Europeans first arrived. Many land use changes are attributable to human activity. Historical data concerning these changes are frequently limited and often difficult to develop. Modeling historical land use changes may be necessary. We develop annual population series from first European settlement to 1999 for all 50 states and Washington D.C. for use in modeling land use trends. Extensive research went into developing the historical data. Linear interpolation was used to complete the series after critically evaluating the appropriateness of linear interpolation versus exponential interpolation.Our objective was to develop an annual population data series from the first nonindigenous settlements to 1999 for each present day state that could be used to model landscape change presumed to be a direct result of activities associated with the settlement of nonindigenous people.","keyword":["state population","nonindigenous","model","landscape change","society","Environment and People","History","United States"],"spatial":"-178.1486,0.91083,-66.94703,71.38889","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0017","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0017","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2017-04-10"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Wind and slope effects on laboratory-scale fire behavior","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0018","description":"Wind and slope interaction effects on rate of spread, flame length and flame angle were examined in 65 fires in an open-topped tilting wind tunnel. Fuel beds consisted of vertically-oriented birch sticks and horizontally oriented aspen excelsior. A complete factorial experiment with five wind velocities (-1.1 to 1.1 meters\/second) and five slope angles (-30 to 30%) arranged in a randomized complete block design was replicated twice. Flame rate of spread, flame height, and flame angle were measured using thermocouples and video imagery. Moisture content of 60 fires was 11%; 5 fires had a fuel moisture content of 35%. This data publication includes data summarizing the 65 fires, velocity profiles measured in the wind tunnel, and raw thermocouple data for the 65 fires.Wind velocity and slope angle are two important factors influencing fire behavior. Prior to this experiment, no published studies on the combined effects of wind velocity and slope angle on fire spread in porous cellulose fuel beds based on experimental data were located. The data have been used to 1) statistically determine the effects of wind and slope on fire behavior variables and 2) evaluate current modelling approaches to describe the combined effects of wind and slope on rate of spread, flame length, and flame angle.","keyword":["rate of spread","flame length","flame angle","fire behavior","white birch","Betula papyrifera","quaking aspen","Populus tremuloides","environment","elevation","Fire","Fire suppression, pre-suppression","Prescribed fire","Dry Branch Post Office, ID:345421"],"spatial":"83.539254,32.806549,83.539254,32.806549","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0018","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0018","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2017-04-25"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04"],"programCode":["010:164"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Simulated data for \"Secondary organic aerosol formation in biomass-burning plumes: Theoretical analysis from lab studies and ambient plumes\"","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0019","description":"The volatile nature of biomass burning organics may complicate the evolution of organics in laboratory smog-chamber experiments and in ambient plumes. We simulate the evolution of organic mass (including gas and particles) in the chamber experiments using the TwO-Moment Aerosol Sectional (TOMAS) microphysics model combined with a secondary organic aerosol (SOA) production matrix. We estimate the effect of vapor wall loss by turning off the vapor wall loss, and also added Gaussian dispersion to our aerosol-microphysical model to SOA formation under different ambient-plume conditions. A detailed description of model setup and results can be found in Bian et al. 2017. The data publication here contains simulation datasets generated using the TOMAS microphysics model combined with a secondary organic aerosol (SOA) production matrix. Datasets are organized according to the figures in Bian et al. 2017 and include 1) chemistry-only simulation data; 2) data generated using the TOMAS model combined with particle and vapor wall-loss algorithms and a SOA production matrix with varying parameters; and 3) simulation data generated using the TOMAS model assuming the plume volume follows the Gaussian dispersion. Each ASCII dataset contains the time series of individual vapors and particles that were distributed in 36 size bins from 3 nanometers to 10 micrometers.To investigate the influence of vapor wall loss on the secondary organic aerosol formation and the organic aerosol evolution in the biomass-burning plumes.These data were published on 06\/22\/2017. Minor metadata updates were made on 08\/06\/2024.","keyword":["secondary organic aerosol formation","wall loss","plume","modeling simulation","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","Fire","Smoke","environment","North America"],"spatial":"-125.00000,24.00000,-65.00000,50.00000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0019","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0019","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-08-06"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Fuel treatment and fire history within the Rim Fire in California","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0020","description":"This data publication contains a geospatial file in raster format of wildfires and fuels treatments that occurred between 1995 and 2013 on Stanislaus National Forest and Yosemite National Park in California within the area burned by the 2013 Rim Fire, excluding the outer 500 meters of the fire perimeter. Tabular data are provided for three sets of circular sample windows of size 500 acres (ac), 2500 ac and 5000 ac within the same geospatial extent. Variables included for the sample windows are proportion burned at high severity in the Rim Fire; proportion treated\/burned prior to the Rim Fire; mean values for actual evapotranspiration, water deficit, energy release component, and burning index; and proportion in shrubland, riparian, hardwood, conifer, and grassland LandFire vegetation classes. Tabular data are also provided for a set of transects within the same geographic extent that are placed along radial lines centered on the Rim Fire's origin point.These data were used to gain insight into the influence of fuels treatments, weather, vegetation, and water balance on fire severity in a large wildfire occurring in Sierra Nevada mixed-conifer forest at three different landscape scales, and to assess the impact of fuels treatments and previous fires on fire severity along the general direction of fire spread.These data were published on 04\/27\/2017. On 10\/17\/23 minor metadata updates were made, including reference to article that is now published.","keyword":["biota","environment","Fire","Fire ecology","Fire effects on environment","Prescribed fire","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","Landscape management","Restoration","fuels treatment","fuels reduction","thinning","wildfire","fire severity","fire progression","mixed conifer forest","landscape analysis","Rim Fire","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","Stanislaus National Forest","Yosemite National Park","Sierra Nevada","California"],"spatial":"-122.24036,37.76155,-119.68759,38.06814","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0020","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0020","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-10-17"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Chaparral biomass measurements in the Cleveland National Forest","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0021","description":"This data publication provides plot-based measurements of: stem diameter for each stem > 0.4 centimeters on every sampled shrub, shrub status at time of sampling (live\/dead\/charred), and estimated shrub height obtained from 5 plots sampled in 2012-2013 on each of three sites (15 total plots) in the Cleveland National Forest. The sites are located near Kitchen Creek Road on southern Laguna Mountain in San Diego County, CA and were characterized by time since last burn -- 7 years, 28 years, or 68 years prior to the study.  \n\t  \nThese data also include stem diameter, biomass, and representative percent moisture values from shrubs harvested outside of the study plots at 18 locations across the three sites. Locations were outside, but near to, the study plots to avoid destructive sampling within the study plots. These data were collected between 2011 and 2013.Data were collected to document differences in biomass accumulation in three nearby sites with varying burn histories in southern California chaparral. Sites had burned approximately 7, 28, and 68 years ago at the time of sampling. The destructively sampled measurements were used to calculate age and species-specific regression equations relating stem diameter to dry biomass. The stem diameter measurements from the 15 study plots were used as input into these equations to estimate plot-level biomass.","keyword":["California chaparral","biomass accumulation","stand age","wildfire","vegetation type map","shrub","post-fire recovery","chamise","scrub oak","Adenostoma fasciculatum","Quercus berberidifolia","biota","geoscientificInformation","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Plant ecology","California","Laguna Mountain"],"spatial":"-116.456646,32.793283,-116.439609,32.806760","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0021","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0021","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2017-04-27"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Characteristics of masticated particles in mixed-conifer forests of the western United States: Chemistry, heat content, and mineral percentage results","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0022","description":"This data publication contains the results of chemical and mineral analyses on masticated particles from mixed-conifer forests in 15 study locations. These data were collected from 2012 through 2016 as part of the MASTIDON project. The MASTIDON project was a four-year research project to study how masticated material differs when treated with different cutting machines and how the masticated particles decompose when left on the ground for multiple years. It investigated masticated materials in four states of the western United States. The project was funded by the Joint Fire Sciences Program (JFSP) and RMRS between 2013 and 2016.\n\nThe masticated particles within this project had been decomposing in situ in wet and dry areas of Idaho, Colorado, New Mexico, and South Dakota since their initial treatment. Particles were tested from four shapes (circular, three-sided, four-sided, and small wood chips) and three size classes. Each shape and size class was ground, dried, and analyzed for percent carbon and nitrogen, cellulose and lignin, heat content, and mineral content (from the duff component) using three pieces of equipment. This data publication includes the results of each of these tests and files describing the MASTIDON project and its goals.These data were collected to examine how the chemistry of masticated particles is affected as masticated particles age on the ground. Data are from particles collected from study sites that were paired as old and new treatments to examine the effect of aging in the masticated units.A short summary of this mastication project (MASTIDON) can be found in the full data publication download (\\Supplements\\Project_Overview_JFSP_Mastication 2012-2016.pdf). \n\nInformation about the MASTIDON project can also be found here: https:\/\/www.firelab.org\/project\/mastidon.\n\nOriginal metadata dates was 05\/22\/2017. Minor metadata updates on 08\/11\/2017.","keyword":["masticated fuels","decomposition of masticated fuels","physical effects of mastication","ponderosa pine","lignin","cellulose","carbon","nitrogen","mineral content","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","Forest management","Fire","Fire ecology","biota","western United States","Idaho","Colorado","New Mexico","South Dakota","Rocky Mountains, USA"],"spatial":"-116.78938,35.78899,-103.64148,48.36082","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0022","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0022","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2017-08-11"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Luquillo Mountains meteorological and ceilometer data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0023","description":"This data publication contains hourly laser ceilometer data from Sabana, and hourly meteorological data collected from two weather stations in Bisley and Sabana located on the Luquillo Experimental Forest (El Yunque National Forest) in Puerto Rico. Bisley and Sabana are two watersheds in the Luquillo Experimental Forest. The ceilometer data include: minimum cloud base level, first quartile cloud base level, mean cloud base level, and cover cloud from 2013-2016. Weather data include: total precipitation, mean temperature, mean relative humidity, mean sea level pressure, mean wind speed, and mean wind direction from 2000-2016 for the Bisley station, and 2013-2016 for the Sabana Station.The ceilometer data were collected to study the frequency of clouds immersing the relatively low-elevation Luquillo Mountains, and supporting the tropical montane cloud forests in these mountains. The weather data were collected to study the weather affecting the tropical montane cloud forest, and to compare weather patterns to cloud base altitude.","keyword":["cloud","cloud forest","tropical montane","tropical forests","cloud base","climate","biota","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","Forest & Plant Health","Climate effects","Climate change","Luquillo Mountains","Luquillo Experimental Forest","Bisley","Sabana","Sabana Field Research Station","Puerto Rico","El Yunque National Forest"],"spatial":"-65.897369,18.213372,-65.694122,18.365278","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0023","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0023","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2017-05-25"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Holt Research Forest regeneration data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0024","description":"This data publication contains regeneration data collected at the Holt Research Forest (HRF) in Maine between 1984 and 2010. The study area is comprised of 40 hectares divided into 1 hectare blocks (4-0.25 hectare quadrats), the western half where forest management (group selection harvest in 1987\/1988 on 10 of 20 hectares) is practiced and the eastern half where no manipulations are allowed. There are three different types of regeneration plots inventoried periodically to evaluate the status of regeneration from seedling to sapling size over a large portion of the study area. Four square meter (4 m\u00b2) subplots are designed to assess tree regeneration at the scale of seedlings and saplings < 1.5 centimeters diameter at breast height (DBH). The number found in various height classes by species are provided for 1984, 1992, 1997, 2004, and 2009. The 25 square meter (25 m\u00b2) plots are designed to assess tree regeneration in response to forest canopy gaps (harvest, ledge, and tree gaps) versus intact canopy. These data include the number of saplings counted in size classes (0.5 meters tall to 9.49 centimeters DBH) by species, along with an assessment of damage in 1997, 2002, and 2010. Thirdly, the 200 square meter (200 m\u00b2) plots are designed to assess tree regeneration at the scale of saplings 1.5-9.49 centimeters DBH. For these plots the number of saplings counted in 1 centimeter DBH classes by species are provided along with an assessment of condition (not all years) in 1984, 1992, 1997, 2004, and 2009.To assess tree regeneration at multiple scales: 1) seedlings and saplings < 1.5 centimeters (cm) DBH; 2) seedlings and saplings > 0.5 meters tall and < 9.49 cm DBH, within intact forest and canopy gaps; and 3) saplings 1.5-9.49 cm DBH.The raw data publication available represents several study areas of an ongoing, long-term study. Data collected in the future or revisions to this study will be made available at a later time. We recommend that users review the documentation provided with the full data publication download before proceeding with data summary or analysis.","keyword":["biota","Forest & Plant Health","Botany","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","silviculture","forest management","forest stand dynamics","tree regeneration","canopy gap","northern red oak","eastern white pine","species composition","forest stand dynamics","relative density","Holt Research Forest","Maine"],"spatial":"-69.778894,43.866582,-69.767318,43.876513","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0024","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0024","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2017-05-23"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"High-resolution land cover of Kansas (2015)","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0025","description":"This data publication contains 2015 high-resolution land cover data for each of the 105 counties within Kansas. These data are a digital representation of land cover derived from 1-meter aerial imagery from the National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP). There is a separate file for each county. Data are intended for use in rural areas and therefore do not include land cover in cities and towns. Land cover classes (tree cover, other land cover, water, or city\/town) were mapped using an object-based image analysis approach and supervised classification.These data are designed for conducting geospatial analyses and for producing cartographic products. In particular, these data are intended to depict the location of tree cover in the county. The mapping procedures were developed specifically for agricultural landscapes that are dominated by annual crops, rangeland, and pasture and where tree cover is often found in narrow configurations, such as windbreaks and riparian corridors. Because much of the tree cover in agricultural areas of the United States occurs in windbreaks and narrow riparian corridors, many geospatial datasets derived from coarser-resolution satellite data (such as Landsat), do not capture these landscape features. This dataset and others in this series are intended to address this particular data gap.This metadata file contains documentation for the entire set of land cover county files. Individual metadata documents containing detailed information specific (e.g. spatial) to each county are included with the data files.\n\nOriginal metadata date is 06\/01\/2017. On 09\/06\/2017 a few data file names were updated. On 11\/27\/2017 the Ford County data files were corrected to fill in the missing northeast corner of this county.","keyword":["imageryBaseMapsEarthCover","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Resource inventory","Natural Resource Management & Use","Agroforestry","Water","tree cover","windbreaks","agroforestry","riparian","land cover","Kansas"],"spatial":"-102.045253,36.993601,-94.588387,40.000958","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0025","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0025","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2017-11-27"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Growth and survival before and after a mountain pine beetle outbreak in a ponderosa pine genetic trial","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0026","description":"This data package contains data used for the publication \"An insect outbreak shifts the direction of selection from fast to slow growth rates in the long-lived conifer Pinus ponderosa\" (de la Mata et al. 2017). The study includes measurements from 204 half-sibling families planted in a common garden experiment planted in 1974 and last measured in 2013. The study site is located at the University of Montana's Lubrecht Experimental Forest in Montana, USA as part of the Inland Empire Tree Improvement Cooperative Program. Data are available for family rankings of ponderosa pine survival before and after a mountain pine beetle outbreak and mean family diameter and height at ages 2, 4, 11, 16, 21, and 27.These data were collected as part of a long-term genetic trial to monitor half-sibling ponderosa pine family growth performance. A mountain pine beetle outbreak affected the study beginning in 2005 and ultimately killed 35% of the trees in the trial. Additional data collection was made in 2013 to determine if there were differences in survival among families and the phenotypic and genotypic relationships between tree growth and survival.Original metadata date was 06\/22\/2017. Metadata updated to include new reference information on 6\/30\/2017.","keyword":["Pinus ponderosa","Dendroctonus ponderosae","fluctuating selection","genetic variation","growth-survival trade-off","selection response","selection differential","genetic correlation","spatial analysis","biota","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Plant ecology","Forest & Plant Health","Insects","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","Ecosystem services","Lubrecht Experimental Forest","Missoula County","Montana"],"spatial":"-113.46000,46.89000,-113.40000,46.91000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0026","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0026","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2017-06-30"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"RxCADRE 2012: Spatially explicit high resolution thermal data from infrared thermography from boom lift in small burn units","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0027","description":"This data publication contains high resolution temperature data captured with an infrared camera on a boom lift for six small replicate grass fires burned in 2012 as part of the Prescribed Fire Combustion and Atmospheric Dynamics Research Experiment (RxCADRE). These data include the infrared (IR) images and comma-delimited ASCII text files consisting of an array (x,y) of temperature values (z) representing pixels of the IR imaging device. Data were obtained from the 100 x 200 meter prescribed burns S3, S4, S5, S7, S8, and S9 at Eglin Air Force Base in Florida.These data were collected to capture fire behavior, map fire progession and to cross reference with other fire measurement platforms.A short summary of the RxCADRE project can be found in the full data publication download (\\Supplements\\RxCADRE_Project_Overview.pdf). Information about the RxCADRE project can also be found here: https:\/\/www.fs.fed.us\/pnw\/fera\/research\/rxcadre\/.","keyword":["biota","environment","Fire","Fire effects on environment","Fire ecology","Prescribed fire","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Forest & Plant Health","infrared thermography","fire behavior","RxCADRE","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","Eglin Air Force Base","Florida"],"spatial":"-86.77,30.51,-84.42,31.27","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0027","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0027","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2017-06-08"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"RxCADRE 2012: Spatially explicit high resolution thermal data from infrared thermography of the super highly instrumented plots in small burn units","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0028","description":"This data publication contains high resolution temperature data via infrared thermography for the super highly instrumented plots (SHIPs) within four small replicate grass fires (S-units) burned in 2012 as part of the Prescribed Fire Combustion and Atmospheric Dynamics Research Experiment (RxCADRE). These data include infrared images and comma-delimited ASCII text files consisting of an array (x,y) of temperature values (z) representing pixels of the IR imaging device. The thermal data were obtained from a 4 x 4 meter super highly instrumented plot within each of the 100 x 200 meter S-units S5, S7, S8, and S9 at Eglin Air Force Base in Florida.These data were collected to provide fine scale temperature measurements within the S-units. They provide detailed information on fire intensities and behavior within the S-units. These measurements coincided with an array of other fire behavior measurements from other devices to meet objectives of the RxCADRE experiment.A short summary of the RxCADRE project can be found in the full data publication download (\\Supplements\\RxCADRE_Project_Overview.pdf). Information about the RxCADRE project can also be found here: https:\/\/www.fs.fed.us\/pnw\/fera\/research\/rxcadre\/.","keyword":["biota","environment","Fire","Fire effects on environment","Fire ecology","Prescribed fire","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Forest & Plant Health","infrared thermography","fire behavior","RxCADRE","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","Eglin Air Force Base","Florida"],"spatial":"-86.77,30.51,-84.42,31.27","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0028","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0028","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2017-06-08"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"RXCADRE 2011: Spatially explicit high resolution thermal data from infrared thermography of the highly instrumented plots within operation forested fires","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0029","description":"This data publication contains spatially explicit high resolution temperature data via infrared thermography for the 4 x 4 meter highly instrumented plots (HIPs) within two operation prescribed fires burned in 2011 as part of the Prescribed Fire Combustion and Atmospheric Dynamics Research Experiment (RxCADRE). Infrared images are included as well as comma-delimited ASCII text files consisting of an array (x,y) of temperature values (z) representing pixels of the IR imaging device. Data were obtained from the fires within the burn units 608A and 703C at Eglin Air Force Base in Florida. 608A and 703C represent the designators for the burn units in this study. Within each burn unit there were pre-existing 40 x 40 meter vegetation monitoring plots designated by 6ASE, 6ASW, 1CE and 1CW. The infrared imagers were focused nadir on the HIPS which were randomly located within the larger vegetation monitoring plots for each burn unit.These data were collected to provide fine scale temperature measurements within the pre-existing vegetation monitoring plots. They provide detailed information on fire intensities and behavior.A short summary of the RxCADRE project can be found in the full data publication download (\\Supplements\\RxCADRE_Project_Overview.pdf). Information about the RxCADRE project can also be found here: https:\/\/www.fs.fed.us\/pnw\/fera\/research\/rxcadre\/.","keyword":["biota","environment","Fire","Fire effects on environment","Fire ecology","Prescribed fire","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Forest & Plant Health","infrared thermography","fire behavior","RxCADRE","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","Eglin Air Force Base","Florida"],"spatial":"-86.77,30.51,-84.42,31.27","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0029","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0029","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2017-06-08"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Tenderfoot Creek Experimental Forest daily average streamflow data: 1992-2001","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0030","description":"This data publication contains daily average streamflow from October 1992 through September 2001 for 11 stream gauging stations located on the Tenderfoot Creek Experimental Forest (TCEF) which is located in the Little Belt Mountains of Central Montana, USA. Streamflow was measured at two locations on Tenderfoot Creek (Upper and Lower) as well as seven subwatersheds. Gauging stations on the subwatersheds were Sun, Upper Sun, Spring Park, Bubbling, Stringer, Upper Stringer, Pack, Passionate, and Lonesome Creeks. Two of these subwatersheds (Sun and Spring Park) had experimental harvesting in 1999 and 2000. Half of those cutting units were burned under prescription between 2001 and 2003. Two adjacent subwatersheds (Bubbling and Stringer) serve as controls for the silvicultural treatments (Hood et. al. 2012, McCaughey et. al. 2006).The Tenderfoot Creek Experimental Forest (TCEF) was established in 1961 as an experimental watershed in representative lodgepole pine forest common east of the Continental Divide. The mission of this Experimental Forest was to develop \u201cmanagement techniques through research of how to harvest lodgepole pine timber while maintaining soil stability, and improving water yields without aggravating snowmelt and summer storm peaks and sediment production\u201d (Establishment report for the Tenderfoot Creek Experimental Forest 1961). In the early 1990s, a new objective was outlined to develop and evaluate methods for sustaining the productivity and biodiversity of multi-aged east-side lodgepole pine communities. At that time, efforts to establish baseline data in several disciplines including hydrology, precipitation, snow deposition, surface fuel loading and forest ecology. Hydrologic and climatologic sites were established to monitor environmental effects of various silvicultural methods used to restore and regenerate multi-aged lodgepole pine forests.","keyword":["climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","geoscientificInformation","inlandWaters","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Natural Resource Management & Use","Water","streamflow","Tenderfoot Creek Experimental Forest","Helena-Lewis and Clark National Forest","Little Belt Mountains","Central Montana","Montana","Northern Rocky Mountains"],"spatial":"-110.948279,46.8913505,-110.833526,46.9578174","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0030","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0030","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2017-06-15"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Daily precipitation data from recording rain gages (RRG) at Coweeta Hydrologic Lab, North Carolina","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0031","description":"These data include daily precipitation measurements from nine different recording rain gages (RRG) at Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory in Macon County, North Carolina, USA. These stations are operated by the Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service. Data include total daily precipitation for the following recording rain gages: RRG05 (1992-2021), RRG06 (1936-2021), RRG12 (1942-2021), RRG13 (1942-2021), RRG20 (1962-2021), RRG31 (1958-2021), RRG41 (1958-2021), RRG55 (1990-2021), and RRG96 (1943-2021).The Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory was established in 1934 and is world-renowned for its research in forest hydrology. Coweeta was established to determine the fundamental effects of forest management on soil and water resources and to serve as a testing ground for theories in forest hydrology. To facilitate this, a network of climate and precipitation stations was established across the site. The research program has since expanded its focus to encompass watershed ecosystem science. The original climate and precipitation network continues to facilitate these studies and serves as the foundation of the long-term data record.For more information about Coweeta: https:\/\/www.srs.fs.usda.gov\/coweeta\/research\/lter\/.\n\t  \nOriginal metadata date was 07\/03\/2017. On 05\/31\/2018 we added 2014-2017 data, and on 02\/13\/2019 we added 2018 data. On 08\/03\/2020 we added 2019 data. On 07\/05\/2022 data for 2020 and 2021 were added.","keyword":["climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","environment","Climate change","Climate change effects","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","Forest & Plant Health","Climate effects","climate","precipitation","Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory","Coweeta Lab","Coweeta Basin","North Carolina","Macon County"],"spatial":"-83.47845,35.02734,-83.42166,35.07382","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0031","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0031","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-07-05"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Flower phenology and climate data for Artemisia tridentata populations","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0032","description":"This data publication contains 2012 flowering data for the 52 populations of big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) grown in 3 garden locations: Majors Flat and Ephraim in Idaho, as well as Orchard, Idaho. Data include geographical details, subspecies, julian date of flowering, and population climate variable information.Data were collected to understand the environmental drivers of flower phenology and how climate change could impact this trait.These data support Richardson et al. 2016.","keyword":["biota","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","Climate change","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Geography","Plant ecology","Artemisia tridentata","common garden","genecology","mixed-effects model","photoperiod","sagebrush","Utah","Idaho","western United States"],"spatial":"-130,32,-100,55","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0032","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0032","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2017-07-03"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Characteristics of masticated particles in mixed-conifer forests of the western United States: Field data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0033","description":"This data publication contains the results of field work in masticated materials of mixed-conifer forests in 14 study locations. Mixed-conifer masticated materials were investigated in four states of the western U.S., including Idaho, Colorado, New Mexico, and South Dakota. The data were collected from 2012 through 2016 as part of the MASTIDON project, which was a four-year research project to characterize how burning properties of masticated material are affected when different cutting machines are used to treat the forests and when masticated particles are left on the ground for multiple years to decompose. The project was funded by the Joint Fire Sciences Program (JFSP) and RMRS between 2013 and 2016. The masticated particles within this project were created by four different machines, including a vertical rotating head, horizontal drum, chipper, and mower. They had been decomposing in situ in wet and dry areas of the mixed-conifer forests since their initial treatment. \n\nThis publication gives GPS locations and laser elevation data for each field site and the GPS locations where depth measurements were taken within each macroplot. It gives depths for each of the five fuel layers distinguished within the masticated materials at two scales. The first scale is at three-meter intervals along each of six transect lines. The second scale is within each microplot and quarter plot where samples were taken from the quarter plots for further lab work. The data also contain estimates of vegetation cover and height at each of the depth-measurement locations.The purpose of these data was to determine the variation in depths of the mastication units that resulted from different cutting heads and cutting procedures.A short summary of this mastication project (MASTIDON) can be found in the full data product download (\\Supplements\\Project_Overview_JFSP_Mastication_2012-2016.pdf). \n\nInformation about the MASTIDON project can also be found here: https:\/\/www.firelab.org\/project\/mastidon.\n\nOriginal metadata dates was 07\/06\/2017. Minor metadata updates on 08\/11\/2017.","keyword":["masticated fuels","physical effects of mastication","ponderosa pine","fresh litter depth","masticated particle depth","mixed masticated-duff depth","horizontal drum head equipment","vertical rotating head equipment","chipping equipment","mowing equipment","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","Forest management","Fire","Fire ecology","biota","Rocky Mountains","western United States","Idaho","Colorado","New Mexico","South Dakota"],"spatial":"-116.78938,35.78899,-103.64148,48.36082","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0033","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0033","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2017-08-11"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Characteristics of masticated particles in mixed-conifer forests of the western United States: Moisture-loss tests","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0034","description":"This data publication contains the results of three separate moisture tests on masticated fuels collected from mixed-conifer forests in 14 study locations. These data were collected from 2012 through 2016 as part of the MASTIDON project. The MASTIDON project was a four-year research project to study how masticated material differs when treated with different cutting machines and how the masticated particles decompose when left on the ground for multiple years. It investigated masticated materials in four states of the western United States. The project was funded by the Joint Fire Sciences Program (JFSP) and RMRS between 2013 and 2016.\n\nThe masticated particles within this project were created by four different machines, including a vertical rotating head, horizontal drum, chipper, and mower. They had been decomposing in situ in wet and dry areas of Idaho, Colorado, New Mexico, and South Dakota since their initial treatment. This portion of the study was designed to show how these materials absorb or lose water under three different conditions. This data publication includes the experimental results of tests conducted in (1) a temperature and humidity controlled environmental chamber; (2) outside under variable temperature and humidity conditions; and (3) in a temperature-controlled oven under laboratory conditions. The environmental chamber and outdoor tests were conducted on the entire range of fuel loads using 25 x 25 centimeter wire cages containing duff, 1 hour fuels, 10 hour fuels, 100 hour fuels, a variety of sizes of bark, and fresh litter materials. The oven tests were conducted on individual particles that were mostly 10 hour fuel-size class (i.e., between 7 millimeter and 2.54 centimeter in diameter). This publication also includes files describing the MASTIDON project and its goals.The purpose of the fuel-bed moisture tests was to explore the moisture drying curve for masticated fuel beds that contained different ages of masticated particles. The purpose of the individual particle tests was to determine how the different aged materials adsorbed\/desorbed water under very controlled temperatures and humidities and how long it took for them to equilibrate to those conditions. The data were created to examine the drying characteristics of masticated beds and individual particles ranging from 2 to 10 years old.A short summary of this mastication project (MASTIDON) can be found in the full data publication download (\\Supplements\\Project_Overview_JFSP_Mastication 2012-2016.pdf). \n\nInformation about the MASTIDON project can also be found here: https:\/\/www.firelab.org\/project\/mastidon.\n\nOriginal metadata dates was 08\/03\/2017. Minor metadata updates on 08\/11\/2017.","keyword":["masticated fuels","masticated fuel load","decomposition of masticated fuels","physical effects of mastication","ponderosa pine","western larch","water adsorption\/desorption","moisture drying curve","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","Forest management","Forest ecology","biota","western United States","Idaho","Colorado","New Mexico","South Dakota"],"spatial":"-116.78938,35.78899,-103.64148,48.36082","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0034","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0034","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2017-08-11"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Characteristics of masticated particles in mixed-conifer forests of the western United States: Experimental burns and smoldering tests","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0035","description":"This data publication contains the results from 45 experimental burns and 48 smoldering tests on masticated materials from mixed-conifer forests. These data were collected from 15 study locations from 2012 through 2016 as part of the MASTIDON project. The MASTIDON project was a four-year study to describe the phyical characteristics of masticated materials that were treated with four different cutting heads in xeric and mesic environments. The main focus of the project was to evaluate how leaving the particles on the ground for varying lengths of time affected the burnability of the particles. The project was funded by the Joint Fire Sciences Program (JFSP) and RMRS between 2013 and 2016.  \n\t  \t \nThe masticated particles were created by four different machines, including a vertical rotating head, horizontal drum, chipper, and mower. They had been decomposing in situ in wet and dry areas of Idaho, and dry areas of Colorado, New Mexico, and South Dakota since their initial treatment and were between 0 and 10 years old. The materials were burned at the RMRS Missoula Fire Sciences lab, Missoula, MT. The experimental burns were conducted in a combustion facility on a large fuel bed 0.68 square meters in size. The smoldering tests were conducted on beds 497 square centimeters in size under a fume hood in the soils laboratory. This download includes (1) data on fire behavior within the experimental burns, including rate of spread, flame height, flame duration, consumption, heat flux, moisture content, and more; (2) temperature data, burn durations, duff moistures and thicknesses from the smoldering tests; (3) photos of the experimental burn beds and smoldering beds; and (4) files describing the MASTIDON project and its goals.These data describe fire behavior in masticated materials of various ages, moisture regimes, and treatment types. They also describe heat transfer into the soil during the burning process. The purpose of the study was to determine if the time the materials spent on the ground since treatment affected their burn characteristics.A short summary of this mastication project (MASTIDON) can be found in the full data product download (\\Supplements\\Project_Overview_JFSP_Mastication 2012-2016.pdf). \n\nInformation about the MASTIDON project can also be found here:\nhttps:\/\/www.firelab.org\/project\/mastidon","keyword":["masticated fuels","fire behavior modeling","flame length","rate of spread","heat pulse below surface","physical effects of mastication","ponderosa pine","western larch","forest fire management","fire ecology","soil heating","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","Forest management","Forest ecology","biota","western United States","Idaho","Colorado","New Mexico","South Dakota","Rocky Mountains"],"spatial":"-116.78938,35.78899,-103.64148,48.36082","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0035","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0035","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2017-08-11"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Bartlett Experimental Forest permanent cruise plot data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0036","description":"This data publication contains overstory tree measurements collected between 1931 and 2003 at the Bartlett Experimental Forest in Bartlett, New Hampshire. These cruise plots measure all trees greater than 1.5 inches in diameter at breast height, across a 0.25 acre plot. Plots were installed and first inventoried in 1931-1932, with follow-up in 1939-1940. Since then, there were partial remeasurements in the 1950s and 1960s of Compartments scheduled for harvesting treatment followed by complete remeasurements in 1991-1992 and 2001-2003. Data are available in two data sets. 1) Overstory measurements from 1931-1992 including species codes, diameter class (1 inch classes) and count. 2) Overstory measurements from 2001-2003 including species codes, diameter class (1 inch classes) and count. Additionally, approximately 3% of the over 56,000 tree records from 2001-2003 include height, crown and diameter at breast height (to the nearest 0.1 inch) measurements.The primary objective of the cruise plots at the Bartlett Experimental Forest (BEF) is to establish a uniform study area to study the silviculture of northern hardwoods with a strong focus on impacts and interactions with birds and mammals. The BEF is divided into Compartments, which are delineated based on size distribution, stand condition, species composition, and topography. Numerous studies have been conducted within the 48 original Compartments. For a complete list of Compartment-level silvicultural treatments,cruise plot numbers and Compartment assignments as well as a list of major studies see the Supplements folder in the full data publication download.We strongly encourage that users read the accompanying documentation provided with the full data publication download before proceeding with data summary or analysis. Contact Bill Leak or Mariko Yamasaki if you have questions or if interested in collaboration.\n\t  \nOriginal metadata date was 07\/12\/2017. Minor metadata updates were made on 03\/20\/2019.","keyword":["silviculture","species composition","timber supply","forest management","forest stand dynamics","tree regeneration","tree and stand growth","tree height","tree crown","canopy","crown width","woody plants","northern hardwoods","songbird habitat","small mammals","biota","Forest & Plant Health","Botany","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Habitat management","Bartlett Experimental Forest","New Hampshire","United States"],"spatial":"-71.3274,44.0230,-71.2439,44.0767","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0036","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0036","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2019-03-20"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Kings River Experimental Watersheds stream discharge","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0037","description":"The Kings River Experimental Watersheds (KREW) project is a long term forest management study that began in the early 2000's. The KREW project is comprised of eight primary headwater catchments of the Kings River Basin within the Sierra National Forest, California. Two additional catchments (P300 and B200) were added in 2005 and 2006. The ten catchments are clustered into two groups, Providence and Bull. Providence catchments (P300, P301, P303, P304, and D102) ranged in size from 49 to 461 hectares, and had mean elevations ranging from 1,782 to 1,979 meters. Bull catchments (B200, B201, B203, B204, and T003) ranged in size from 53 to 474 hectares, and had mean elevations ranging from 2,122 to 2,373 meters. All catchments, except T003, had a dominant southwest aspect, whereas T003 faced primarily southeast. This data publication contains both the daily and 15 minute stream discharge data collected at these catchments from 2002 to 2015.Continuous stream discharge measurements were collected to characterize the hydrologic functioning of the southern Sierra headwater basins, especially to infer how different watersheds with varying climate and vegetation behave in terms of water yield. The study also seeks to evaluate the impact of prescribed burning and mechanical tree thinning on water quantity and quality.Original metadata were published on 07\/17\/2017. Minor metadata updates were made on 03\/15\/2021.","keyword":["discharge","streamflow","inlandWaters","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","Climate change","Natural Resource Management & Use","Climate change effects","Water","Kings River Experimental Watersheds","Kings River","California","Providence Creek","Bull Creek","Teakettle Experimental Forest","Sierra National Forest"],"spatial":"-119.20647,36.95383,-119.02921,37.07455","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0037","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0037","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-03-15"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Species occurrence data from the Range-Wide Bull Trout eDNA Project","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0038","description":"These data include 2014 - 2020 eDNA field sample points indicating lab results for presence or absence of bull trout. Sample sites are spaced at a 1 kilometer interval throughout the historical range of bull trout. eDNA stream samples are collected and species presence\/absence is determined by analyses at the  National Genomics Center. Results are recorded in the feature attribute table of the eDNA sample site shapefile. One point feature in the shapefile was generated for each 1 kilometer sample point in the bull trout eDNA feature class. Where multiple samples were collected at a single eDNA sample site, replicate point features will occur at a single location in the shapefile.\n\t  \t  \nThe bull trout is an ESA-listed species with a historical range that encompasses many waters across the Northwest. Though once abundant, bull trout have declined in many locations and are at risk from a changing climate, nonnative species, and habitat degradation. Informed conservation planning relies on sound and precise information about the distribution of bull trout in thousands of streams, but gathering this information is a daunting and expensive task. To overcome this problem, we coupled 1) predictions from the range-wide, spatially precise Climate Shield model on the location of natal habitats of bull trout with 2) a sampling template for every 8-digit hydrologic unit in the historical range of bull trout, based on the probability of detecting bull trout presence using environmental DNA (eDNA) sampling (McKelvey et al. 2016). The template consists of a master set of geospatially referenced sampling locations at 1-kilometer intervals within each cold-water habitat. We also identified sampling locations at this same interval based on the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's (USFWS) designation of critical spawning and rearing habitat. Based on field tests of eDNA detection probabilities conducted by the National Genomics Center for Wildlife and Fish Conservation, this sampling approach will reliably determine the presence of populations of bull trout, as well as provide insights on non-spawning habitats used by adult and subadult fish. The completed bull trout eDNA survey results are available through an interactive ArcGIS Online Map. The map provides the ability to zoom in and look at an area of interest, as well as to create queries or select an area to download points as a shapefile.Results from collected eDNA field sample locations indicating presence or absence of bull trout. The points represent lab results starting in 2015 and updated at least once a year based on participation. Points taken prior to 2015 were sampled using effectively identical protocols and are added to the eDNAtlas Database from previous databases as time allows.For more information on The Range-Wide Bull Trout eDNA Project see: https:\/\/www.fs.usda.gov\/rm\/boise\/AWAE\/projects\/BullTrout_eDNA.html\n\t  \nOriginal metadata date was 08\/15\/2017. Minor metadata updates were made on 09\/01\/2017. On 07\/03\/2018 the metadata was updated to denote that 2018 data are now included. On 04\/09\/2019 the metadata was updated to reflect changes made to the data on 03\/14\/2019: added more sample results as well as added the Sample_Visit field to indicate if a sample was collected at more than one time at a single location on the sample day. On 09\/18\/2019 more sample results were added, as well as changing the Sample_Visit field name to SampleVisi. Some location field names were added or edited to clarify sample grid locations from field collection locations. On 11\/08\/2019 the metadata was updated to reflect changes made to the data. On 12\/09\/2019 metadata were updated to include information regarding data prior to 2015 that are available. On 07\/24\/2020 an \u201cID_Tag\u201d field to specify for the lab which Unique ID was assigned to the sample for the PCR run. Additional minor metadata updates were included. More sample results were added, as well as changing the Sample_Visit field name to Samp_Visit. On 10\/23\/2020 a few data corrections were made, see Process Steps for details. On 06\/05\/2021 the metadata was updated to reflect the changes in the attribute table. There are two new fields: Field_Lon and Field_Lat. Those and other coordinate attribute definitions were edited to clarify which were grid point coordinates and which were GPS coordinates the contributor gave as the location of the field sample. The Samp_Visit field was deleted since the ID_Tag can be used to differentiate between samples at the same location and date. On 07\/27\/22 the metadata was updated to correct old URLs.","keyword":["biota","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","environment","inlandWaters","Climate change","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","Forest & Plant Health","Climate effects","Invasive species","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Natural Resource Management & Use","Landscape management","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Fish","Habitat management","eDNA","environmental DNA","bull trout","presence","population","location","status","survey","bull trout habitat","occurrence","sample","study","fish","western United States","Idaho","Montana","Washington","Oregon","Nevada"],"spatial":"-124.21406,41.78174,-112.31333,48.99968","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0038","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0038","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-07-27"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Missoula Fire Lab Emission Inventory (MFLEI) for CONUS","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0039","description":"The Missoula Fire Lab Emission Inventory (MFLEI) is a retrospective, daily wildfire emission inventory for the contiguous United States with a spatial resolution of 250 meters (m). MFLEI was produced using multiple datasets of fire activity and burned area, a newly developed wildland fuels map and an updated emission factor database. This data publication contains the 2003-2015 MFLEI estimates of daily fuel consumed and emissions of CO2, CO, CH4, and PM2.5 at 250 m spatial resolution. The inventory also includes carefully constructed uncertainty estimates for daily fuel consumption and emissions at 250 m spatial resolution. The dataset includes daily emissions and uncertainties aggregated to 10 kilometer (km) \u00d7 10 km grid. The aggregated product provides area burned, mass of fuel consumed, and emissions of CO2, CO, CH4, and PM2.5. The emission and emission uncertainty data are provided as comma-delimited ASCII text files. MFLEI fuel consumption and land cover type may be combined with published emission factor datasets to estimate emissions for hundreds of volatile organic compounds and other pollutants present in fresh wildfire smoke. This data publication contains geospatial data in raster format and tabular data. The raster datasets includes a map of the coefficient of variation of the herbaceous fuel loading, a land cover map of herbaceous, shrub, and forest type groups (FIA), and maps of the upper bound, lower bound, and best estimate of herbaceous or shrub fuel loading.These data provide wildland fire emission estimates for use in atmospheric chemistry and air quality modeling. The data may be used for scientific research and in regulatory efforts such as emission inventories and air quality management. Data may be used as inventory of wildfire fire emissions to support the design effective and efficient emission control strategies. When used in a proper air quality modeling framework, it may also be suitable for identifying smoke intrusions or events that have contributed to air pollution events in urban areas or protected air sheds.Original metadata date was 08\/24\/2017. Data were updated on 01\/09\/2018 to include two additional years of data (2014-2015). Metadata and supplemental files were updated to reflect this change, which also included updating references and sources related to these additional years of data.","keyword":["climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","environment","Climate change","Carbon","Fire","Smoke","Fire","Fire effects on environment","biomass burning","wildland fire","smoke dispersion","smoke emissions","wildfire","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","CONUS","United States"],"spatial":"-125,24,-66,50","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0039","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0039","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2018-01-09"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Season and interval of burning and cattle exclusion in the southern Blue Mountains, Oregon: Overstory tree height, diameter and growth","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0041","description":"These data document overstory tree height, diameter and growth for a prescribed burning study with unburned controls on the Malheur National Forest in the southern Blue Mountains of Oregon. The original prescribed fires were conducted in the fall of 1997 and spring of 1998 and were repeated at two intervals, five and fifteen years. Five year interval reburns have been repeated three times (four burns total) and the fifteen year interval a single time (two burns total). These data document tree conditions prior to and following the last reburns with reference data for tree growth from 1998. Tree diameter data are available on 10 meter radius plots and diameter, height and growth data are available on 0.2 hectare plots.Overstory tree data were collected to examine the impact of: 1) season of burn (fall, spring and no burning) at two intervals (5 and 15 years), and 2) season of burn (fall, spring and control), 5-year interval reburning and cattle grazing.Original metadata date was 08\/28\/2017. On 05\/04\/2021 minor metadata updates were made to keywords.","keyword":["biota","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Ecology","Plant ecology","Fire","Fire ecology","Fire effects on environment","Prescribed fire","Forest & Plant Health","Botany","Invasive species","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","Range management & grazing","Timber","Restoration","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","overstory","season of burn","interval of burn","fire effects","grazing exclusion","tree growth","JFSP","Joint Fire Science Program","Malheur National Forest","Emmigrant Creek Ranger District","Oregon","Southern Blue Mountains","Harney County"],"spatial":"-118.955352,43.790250,-118.754798,43.899644","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0041","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0041","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-05-04"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Season and interval of burning in the southern Blue Mountains, Oregon: Surface fuels","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0042","description":"These data document surface fuels data for a prescribed burning study with unburned controls on the Malheur National Forest in the southern Blue Mountains of Oregon. The original prescribed fires were conducted in the fall of 1997 and spring of 1998 and were repeated at two intervals, five and fifteen years. Five year interval reburns have been repeated three times (four burns total) and the fifteen year interval a single time (two burns total). These data document fuels prior to (2012) and following the last reburns including 1-hour (0 to 0.64 centimeter [cm] diameter), 10-hour (0.64 to 2.54 cm diameter), 100-hour (2.54 to 7.62 cm diameter) and 1000-hour fuels (> 7.62 cm diameter); average combined litter and duff depth; and surface fuel height.Fuels data were collected to examine the impact of season of burn (fall, spring and no burning) at two intervals (5 and 15 years).Original metadata date was 08\/28\/2017. On 05\/04\/2021 minor metadata updates were made to keywords.","keyword":["biota","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Ecology","Fire","Fire ecology","Fire effects on environment","Prescribed fire","Forest & Plant Health","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","Restoration","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","fuels","season of burn","interval of burn","fire effects","JFSP","Joint Fire Science Program","Malheur National Forest","Emmigrant Creek Ranger District","Oregon","Southern Blue Mountains","Harney County"],"spatial":"-118.955352,43.790250,-118.754798,43.899644","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0042","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0042","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-05-04"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Season and interval of burning and cattle exclusion in the southern Blue Mountains, Oregon: Environmental attributes","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0043","description":"These data document environmental variables including overstory canopy cover, O horizon depth, ground cover and soils for a prescribed burning study with unburned controls on the Malheur National Forest in the southern Blue Mountains of Oregon. The original prescribed fires were conducted in the fall of 1997 and spring of 1998 and were repeated at two intervals, five and fifteen years. Five year interval reburns have been repeated three times (four burns total) and the fifteen year interval a single time (two burns total). Data include environmental conditions prior to and following the last reburns except for soils data which were collected prior to the last reburns only. Specifically, this data publication includes overstory tree canopy cover data from the 10-meter radius plots, ground cover data (litter, rock, bare soil and coarse woody debris) from the 1 x 1 meter quadrats, O horizon depth data from the 10-meter radius plots, and soils data (e.g. carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous concentrations, pH and bulk density) from 2012.Environmental data were collected to examine the impact of season of burn (fall, spring and no burning) at two intervals (5 and 15 years), and (2) season of burn (fall, spring and control), 5-year interval reburning and cattle grazing.Original metadata date was 08\/28\/2017. On 05\/04\/2021 minor metadata updates were made to keywords.","keyword":["biota","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Ecology","Soil","Fire","Fire ecology","Fire effects on environment","Prescribed fire","Forest & Plant Health","Botany","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","Range management & grazing","Restoration","Timber","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","soil isotopes","season of burn","interval of burn","fire effects","grazing exclusion","litter","JFSP","Joint Fire Science Program","Malheur National Forest","Emmigrant Creek Ranger District","Oregon","Southern Blue Mountains","Harney County"],"spatial":"-118.955352,43.790250,-118.754798,43.899644","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0043","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0043","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-05-04"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Season and interval of burning and cattle exclusion in the southern Blue Mountains, Oregon: Understory vegetation attributes","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0044","description":"These data document understory vegetation cover, richness and regeneration tree counts for a prescribed burning study with unburned controls on the Malheur National Forest in the southern Blue Mountains of Oregon. The original prescribed fires were conducted in the fall of 1997 and spring of 1998 and were repeated at two intervals, five and fifteen years. Five year interval reburns have been repeated three times (four burns total) and the fifteen year interval a single time (two burns total). Data include vegetation conditions prior to and following the last reburns and include understory vegetation cover; graminoid (grass and sedge) cover as well as leafing and flowering culm height, and flowering culm count data; shrub cover; conifer regeneration count data; presence\/absence of all vascular species; and plant functional group information, descriptions and associated species.Understory vegetation data were collected to examine the impact of: (1) season of burn (fall, spring and no burning) at two intervals (5 and 15 years), and (2) season of burn (fall, spring and control), 5-year interval reburning and cattle grazing.Original metadata date was 08\/28\/2017. On 05\/04\/2021 minor metadata updates were made to keywords.","keyword":["biota","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Plant ecology","Fire","Fire ecology","Fire effects on environment","Prescribed fire","Forest & Plant Health","Botany","Invasive species","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","Range management & grazing","Restoration","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","understory vegetation","season of burn","interval of burn","fire effects","grazing exclusion","JFSP","Joint Fire Science Program","Malheur National Forest","Emmigrant Creek Ranger District","Oregon","Southern Blue Mountains","Harney County"],"spatial":"-118.955352,43.790250,-118.754798,43.899644","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0044","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0044","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-05-04"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Tree and shrub measurements in Stanislaus National Forest and Yosemite National Park, collected in 1911 and 2005\u20132013","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0045","description":"This data publication contains tabular data with repeat measurements of tree and shrub data for a set of transects located in Stanislaus National Forest (STF) and Yosemite National Park (YOSE) in California. These transects represent part of a systematic timber inventory collected across a large mixed-conifer dominated landscape by the U.S. Forest Service in 1911. Trees were tallied by species, diameter and height within 40 x 400 meter (m) strips that spanned the center of quarter-quarter sections (QQs) delineated by the Public Land Survey System. Shrub cover was determined using an ocular estimate. Repeat data were collected in either 2005, 2007 or 2013 in three to four 0.1 hectare circular plots (radius 17.8 m) per transect, centered at random, non-overlapping distances along the historical transect centerline. This data publication therefore contains measurements such as the percentage cover of shrubs for multiple species, basal area of dead and live conifer trees, and density of live conifer trees with various diameters at breast height for both STF and YOSE in 1911 and the remeasurement year of 2005, 2007, or 2013.These data were used to compare forest change due to fire exclusion and logging over the 20th century between Yosemite National Park, which was protected from timber harvesting, and Stanislaus National Forest.","keyword":["environment","Fire suppression, pre-suppression","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Ecology","Fire","Fire ecology","Forest & Plant Health","Human effects","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","Restoration","fire exclusion","forest restoration","reference conditions","departure","mixed-conifer","Stanislaus National Forest","Yosemite National Park","Sierra Nevada","California"],"spatial":"-119.94281,37.70868,-119.70126,37.89186","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0045","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0045","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2017-08-31"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Modeled historical streamflow metrics for the contiguous United States and National Forest Lands","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0046","description":"Available water supply varies greatly across the United States depending on topography, climate, elevation and geology. Forested and mountainous locations, such as national forests, tend to receive more precipitation than adjacent non-forested or low-lying areas. However, contributions of national forest lands to regional streamflow volumes is largely unknown. Using outputs from the Variable Infiltration Capacity hydrologic model, we calculated mean annual and mean summer (July and August) streamflow metrics based on total flow and flow from national forest lands for each 1:100,000 scale National Hydrography Dataset stream reach in the contiguous United States. Specifically, this data publication contains twenty-one comma-delimited ASCII text files (for different drainage areas and processing units across the United States) containing 1915-2011 mean annual flow and mean summer flow. These files also contain the mean annual and mean summer flows from National forest system (NFS) lands as well as the portion of total mean annual flow contributed by flow from NFS lands. These data provide insight into 1915-2011 hydrologic regimes and national forest contributions to total water yield and can be joined to a National Hydrography Dataset stream layer for spatial illustrations and studies.The streamflow metrics dataset provides a high resolution, spatially explicit estimate of annual and summer flow volumes that can be used in more extensive studies of water quantity and water quality. In addition, the dataset highlights the relative importance of national forest lands to overall water quantity.","keyword":["streamflow","National Forest","water supply","water yield","variable infiltration capacity (VIC)","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","inlandWaters","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","Natural Resource Management & Use","Water","United States","National Forests"],"spatial":"-125.00000,24.50000,-66.80000,49.40000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0046","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0046","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2017-08-31"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Situk River, Alaska: 2003 recreation visitor study data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0047","description":"This package contains data from a 2003 study of visitors to the Situk River in the Gulf of Alaska. A sample of recreation visitors at the Yakutat airport departure point were interviewed between April and September. Questions included travel methods, lodging, length of stay, and visitor usage of the Situk River. After conducting a short interview with these visitors a follow up questionnaire was mailed to each respondent. These data include more indepth questions related to non-local recreation use, recreation visitor attitudes, and perceptions of the Situk during the three fishing seasons (Steelhead, King\/sockeye, and Coho season).At the Situk River Partners Meeting in October 2002, the Partners recommended that the Forest Service move ahead with a multi-faceted National Environmental Policy Act process for the Situk River. Simultaneously, the Forest Service, Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G), and the Alaska Department of Natural Resources agreed to review existing data and explore methods to assess visitor issues, perceptions, and encounter rates on the river. The overall goal of the Situk Recreation Visitor Study was to assess recreation angler experiences and perceptions of conditions on the Situk River, and to measure perceived impacts and tolerances for those impacts. In addition to this overall goal, five related objectives were identified in the study plan. 1) Assess existing and preferred types of experiences by river segment, season and by type of user. 2) Describe users by river segment and type of trip. 3) Assess impact levels and tolerances for those levels. 4) Assess opinions towards various management strategies that might be used to address impacts. 5) Compare results to other surveys and other available information, both looking at existing reported information on the Situk as well as other Alaskan Rivers.These data were published on 09\/07\/2017. Minor metadata updates were made on 01\/17\/2025.","keyword":["visitors","visitor experience","management","management planning","anglers","boating","boating use","impact","impact tolerance","biota","boundaries","environment","inlandWaters","location","society","transportation","Environment and People","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Natural Resource Management & Use","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Situk River","North America","Alaska","Yakutat","Russel Fiord Wilderness","Situk Lake","Lost River Estuary"],"spatial":"-139.589594,59.446240,-139.344218,59.655386","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0047","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0047","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-01-17"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Motorboat use on the Main Salmon River: Data from a study for the Frank Church-River of No Return Wilderness","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0048","description":"This publication contains data from a two-phase 1998-1999 study in the Frank Church Wilderness which surveyed visitors about the use of motorboats and jet boats on the Salmon River. This study was done in coordination with the Western Whitewater Association (WWA) and Northwest River Runners (NRR), which are jet boat organizations based in Boise and Lewiston, ID, respectively. Information was gathered regarding visitor demographics and opinions on river use. Phase I included interviews with six leadership members of the WWA. Included in this data publication are notes from two of those interviews and excerpts from all six interviews. Phase II included sending surveys to jet boat users. Data include the results of these mailback surveys. Follow-up telephone surveys were conducted if the mailback surveys were not returned and those results have also been included.This study was designed to increase knowledge about jet boat use and users on the Main Salmon for consideration when developing the final version of the Environmental Impact Statement for the Frank Church-River of No Return Wilderness Forest Plan Amendment. While we learned from the legislative history that one purpose of protecting jet boat access was to allow people to \u201csee and enjoy this splendid wilderness\u201d there was a need to further understand how jet boat users enjoy this place and this method of access to it. Some of the knowledge generated from a qualitative study of jet boaters (discussed under Methods) yielded hypotheses to be tested in a quantitative study. This study focused on developing information comparable to what we have for other river user groups, increasing our knowledge base about how management actions are likely to affect jet boat use of the Salmon River, and understanding the relationship between jet boaters, the activity, and the place.Original metadata date was 08\/14\/2017. On 06\/29\/2020 metadata was updated to correct author misspelling, and other minor updates were made.","keyword":["boundaries","economy","environment","inlandWaters","planningCadastre","society","transportation","Environment and People","Recreation","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Natural Resource Management & Use","Wilderness","motorboat","jetboat","jetboat users","river use","scenic river","wild river","visitors","visitor preferences","visitor access","management","management planning","recreation","Idaho","Salmon River","United States of America","Frank Church-River of No Return Wilderness","Main Salmon River"],"spatial":"-115.905014,45.368422,-114.684521,45.571572","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0048","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0048","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2020-06-29"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Oral history of changes in wilderness conditions, use, and management in the Sequoia Kings Canyon National Parks: 2010 interviews","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0049","description":"This data publication describes the condition, use, and management of the two wilderness areas within Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks (SEKI). The project examined local\/experiential knowledge collected through oral history interviews in 2010 to track how the character and quality of the Parks\u2019 wilderness, as well as visitors\u2019 uses and experiences have changed over time. Included are recordings of the actual interviews, the field notes taken during the interview, as well as a transcript of the audio interviews.This project was completed for several reasons: 1) To archive the experiential knowledge of National Park Service (NPS) staff, commercial operators, and private users who have developed long-term relationships with SEKI\u2019s wilderness. 2) To provide the historical context for information being used in the Wilderness Stewardship Plan. 3) To provide key stakeholders with an opportunity to contribute their perspectives and knowledge to the wilderness planning process. 4) To document previous management actions and to provide first-hand assessments of their effectiveness. 5) To provide insight into potential causes of changes in the condition of SEKI\u2019s wilderness. \n\nThe National Park Service funded this study in order to record the rich history of wilderness use and management in Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks. It was also meant, in conjunction with several other research projects, to inform the development of the Parks\u2019 Wilderness Stewardship Plan. It was completed in collaboration with the Aldo Leopold Wilderness Research Institute and the Rocky Mountain Research Station.","keyword":["biota","boundaries","environment","health","planningCadastre","society","Environment and People","Decision making, public involvement","History","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Natural Resource Management & Use","Conservation","Wilderness","experiential knowledge","management","wilderness conditions","wilderness use","wilderness managers","national park service managers","first-hand assessments","drivers of change","stewardship plan","Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks","United States of America","SEKI","Sequoia National Park","Kings Canyon National Park","California"],"spatial":"-118.6000,36.1000,-118.140000,37.14000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0049","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0049","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2017-09-14"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Fuel treatment and previous fire effects on daily fire management costs","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0050","description":"This publication contains tabular data used to evaluate the effects of fuel treatments and previously burned areas on daily wildland fire management costs. The data represent daily Forest Service fire management costs for a sample of 56 fires that burned between 2008 and 2012 throughout the conterminous United States. Included in the data is a suite of spatially derived variables used to control for variation in daily fire management costs, including topography, fire weather, fuel loading, remoteness, and human populations-at-risk. These data were extracted using daily fire progression maps produced using the methods outlined in Parks (2014).The purpose of these data was to quantify the relationship between daily fire management costs and encounters with fuel treatments and previously burned areas. These data were the primary source of information used to construct empirical models of daily fire management costs.","keyword":["economy","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Geography","Fire","Fire suppression, pre-suppression","Natural Resource Management & Use","Economics","Forest Management","wildland fire","fuel treatments","suppression","cost","expenditures","panel data","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","conterminous United States","United States"],"spatial":"-123.75452,31.54656,-75.74081,47.91087","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0050","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0050","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2017-09-20"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Social conditions and preference data for visitors to three wilderness areas in the southern United States in 1989-1990","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0051","description":"Visitors to the Cohutta Wilderness in Georgia, Caney Creek Wilderness in Arkansas, and Upland Island Wilderness in Texas were surveyed to gather baseline data on use and user characteristics. Sampling took place between May and November 1989 for both Cohutta and Caney Creek Wilderness areas, and between October 1989 and February 1990 for the Upland Island Wilderness. During the sampling period, visitors were interviewed as they entered or exited the Wilderness and asked if they were willing to fill out a survey that would be mailed to them. Included in this data publication are the results of the onsite interviews as well as the mailback surveys. For the Upland Island Wilderness there are also results from postcard surveys for cases when a local interview was not possible. Data include length of visit, group size, activities participated in, social encounter levels, availability of substitute sites, place of residence, sociodemographic information, previous wilderness experience, level of attachment for wilderness, and visitor preferences for wilderness conditions.Greater knowledge is needed about visitors to federally classified wilderness in the South, the reasons they visit wilderness, and the ways wilderness conditions influence their experiences. This information will allow areas within the region to be compared, and it will improve the potential for tracking future changes that may require management changes.\n\nThe collected data provide knowledge about visitation. It may help in planning future educational programs, selecting wilderness quality indicators for Limits of Acceptable Change applications, and establishing management objectives for experience-related issues.These same data were also collected in the Rattlesnake Wilderness in Montana (Watson et al. 2015); however, that data were archived separately because a set of supplemental questions were asked with regard to conflict arising from mountain bike use in an adjacent non-wilderness designated recreation area.\n\t  \nOriginal metadata date was 09\/28\/2017. Data publication updated on 02\/28\/2018 to include additional supplemental materials found such as original survey instruments for Upland Island.","keyword":["wilderness","social conditions","visitor preferences","LAC","limits of acceptable change","planning","biota","boundaries","environment","health","planningCadastre","society","transportation","Environment and People","Recreation","Social values, ethics","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Natural Resource Management & Use","Wilderness","southern U.S.","United States of America","Cohutta Wilderness","Chattahoochee National Forest","Georgia","Cherokee National Forest","Tennessee","Caney Creek Wilderness","Ouchita National Forest","Arkansas","Upland Island Wilderness","Texas"],"spatial":"-94.401017,31.026141,-84.481519,35.027302","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0051","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0051","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2018-02-28"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Fernow Experimental Forest overstory tree and regeneration data from the \"Management Intensity Demonstration\" study","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0052","description":"This data publication contains overstory and sapling tree tallies, woody stem regeneration tallies, and butt-log tree quality data collected from 1949 to 2008 on the Fernow Experimental Forest in West Virginia. These data were collected for the Management Intensity Demonstration (MID) study also known as the Cutting Practice Level (CPL) plots. Four adjacent 5-acre study areas were assigned different management regimes considered 'high-order', 'good', 'fair', or 'poor' in 1949. An additional 5-acre area was established as an untreated reference in 1956.Management Intensity Demonstration (MID) or Cutting Practice Level (CPL) studies were established on several forest types in the eastern United States to determine the long-term effects of different forest management regimes in use in the 1940s. The more than 60-year-old MID study on the Fernow Experimental Forest (FEF) is in the Allegheny Mountains of the Central Appalachian Broadleaf Forest. Other MID studies were established at experimental forests in Ohio, Pennsylvania, Minnesota, Michigan, Maine, and New Hampshire. These datasets are used by USDA Forest Service scientists, staff, and cooperators in support of research in silviculture, forest management, forest economics, and forest ecology in the central Appalachian region and inter-regional comparisons.The FEF MID study has been documented in numerous unpublished Forest Service working plans and amendments, progress reports, file memos, and descriptions of treatments. Important information from those documents are provided below, while scanned versions of the original documents are included as supplemental information with the full data publication download.\n\t  \nOriginal metadata date was 09\/29\/2017. Minor metadata updates made on 06\/13\/2019.","keyword":["biota","environment","Forest & Plant Health","Forest Products","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Assessments","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","Restoration","Timber","silviculture","species composition","forest stand dynamics","tree regeneration","stand growth","tree quality","cutting practice levels","mixed hardwoods","Fernow Experimental Forest","Monongahela National Forest","West Virginia","Central Appalachian Mountains","Allegheny Mountains"],"spatial":"-79.667044,39.046539,-79.663956,39.051169","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0052","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0052","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2019-06-13"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Mangrove carbon stocks in Zambezi River Delta, Mozambique","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0053","description":"Carbon stocks in mangroves in the Zambezi River Delta of Mozambique (East Africa) were inventoried using a stratified random sampling approach from 2012 to 2016. A total 52 plots containing 287 subplots were objectively distributed using a GIS based spatial decision support system (SDSS) to represent the characteristics of mangroves and the operating constraints within the Delta area. The inventory was designed to provide estimates of above- and below-ground carbon stocks for the entire Delta. Data include species, height and diameter at breast height for overstory, understory and dead trees, mass of woody debris, litter, and ground vegetation. Data to estimate soil carbon and nitrogen content to 2 meters depth are also included.Mangroves are recognized for their numerous ecosystem services and functions that are critical to environmental health and human wellbeing in the regions where they occur and beyond. Although mangroves comprise only 0.7% of the world\u2019s tropical forests, they have been shown to contain globally-significant carbon pools, storing up to five times more carbon than typical upland tropical forests per area. As a result, there is interest in considering mangroves in national climate adaptation and mitigation strategies, yet little research related to climate change and carbon sequestration has been completed in mangroves, especially in Africa. WWF-Mozambique\u2019s project, Sustainable Finance for the Protected Areas System of Mozambique recommended development of a pilot project for carbon sequestration in the mangrove forests of the Zambezi Delta, Mozambique, with aims to conserve mangroves in the Zambezi River Delta through reforestation mechanisms and implementation of sustainable use and management activities with local stakeholders, financed sustainably through carbon markets. The USFS project, The Zambezi River Delta Mangrove Carbon Project: A Pilot Baseline Assessment for REDD+ Reporting and Monitoring is a foundational scientific component of the larger WWF effort, designed to quantify the mangrove carbon stocks to contribute to Mozambique\u2019s REDD+ National Program by building in-country technical capacity and measuring the soil and vegetation carbon pools in the intact mangrove stands within the Zambezi River Delta.This project was also used to assess the distribution of mangroves and change in distribution over time. The results of these analyses are available in Shapiro et al. 2015. Lidar data were also collected as part of this project for a portion of the Zambezi River Delta; that data along with remote sensing derived canopy height data are available online (Lagomasino et al. 2016).\n\t  \nOriginal metadata date was 10\/03\/2017. On 03\/25\/2019 we added a file containing the coordinates of the carbon inventory plots and dominant species found on each plot, in addition to minor metadata updates.","keyword":["biota","elevation","environment","geoscientificInformation","imageryBaseMapsEarthCover","inlandWaters","oceans","Climate change","Carbon","Ecological adaptation","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Ecology","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","Soil","Forest & Plant Health","Climate effects","Human effects","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Resource inventory","Techniques","Natural Resource Management & Use","Economics","Ecosystem services","Forest management","mangrove carbon stocks","mangrove carbon","blue carbon","mangrove inventory","biomass","soil carbon","Zambezi","Zambezi River Delta","Mozambique","East Africa","Rufiji River Delta"],"spatial":"36.30681,-18.74300,36.11200,-18.89590","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0053","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0053","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2019-03-25"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Overstory and understory data from a contemporary reference stand: the Beaver Creek Pinery, Lassen National Forest, CA","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0054","description":"The Beaver Creek Pinery (BCP) is a ponderosa pine and black oak dominated stand in the Ishi Wilderness, Lassen National Forest, California. It has never been logged and due to its remoteness, has experienced more fire than many other such forests. Fires in 1990 and 1994 killed a substantial proportion of the ingrowth that is common in many other fire excluded stands, restoring a structure that is believed to be similar to what was found under historic fire regimes. This data publication contains measurements of tree, understory vegetation, and coarse woody debris variables taken in July of 1998 in the BCP, and may provide a useful reference for structural restoration of forests at similar elevations and of similar species composition.The purpose of this project was to quantify the composition and structure of overstory and understory vegetation in a contemporary reference stand that experienced numerous fires in the 20th century. Among the variables of interest were the density of various tree size classes as well as the heterogeneity and spatial patterns of different structures (overstory and understory) within this stand.These data were collected with the intent of periodic re-measurement. The plots are being re-measured during the summer\/fall of 2016 as part of a Joint Fire Science Program funded study, and may be re-measured again in the future, for example, following disturbance\/fire.\n\t  \nOriginal metadata date was 10\/03\/2017. On 05\/04\/2021 minor metadata updates were made to keywords.","keyword":["fire resilience","forest heterogeneity","old-growth ponderosa pine forest","Pinus ponderosa","California black oak","Quercus kelloggii","biota","environment","Fire","Fire ecology","Fire effects on environment","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Resource inventory","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","Restoration","Beaver Creek Pinery","Ishi Wilderness","Lassen National Forest","Tehama County","California"],"spatial":"-121.71930,40.07620,-121.70272,40.08502","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0054","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0054","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-05-04"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Data from 2014 Wilderness Management Survey: Science needs, training needs, and demographics of managers","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0055","description":"Stewards and managers of wilderness areas within the National Wilderness Preservation System (NWPS) were selected for surveying in 2014 in order to provide input for the development of the 2014 Inter-agency Strategic Plan for the NWPS. Research focused on major challenges in stewardship and planning, and where managers saw rising needs for specific training or research. Additionally, managers provided optional, follow-up data regarding the previous NWPS Strategic Plan, from 1995, and the degree to which its goals and values were enacted.The results of this study provide data on managers of wilderness areas and their ideas, concerns, and desires for future management planning. The purpose of that input is to further the development of the 2014 Inter-agency Strategic Plan for the NWPS.","keyword":["management","management planning","wilderness values","resources","boundaries","economy","environment","planningCadastre","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Environment and People","Social values, ethics","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Natural Resource Management & Use","Wilderness","United States","North America","wilderness areas"],"spatial":"-178.506464,25.088934,-66.745920,71.419460","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0055","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0055","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2017-10-05"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Data collected in 2012 using Q-methodology to identify the importance of water-based ecosystem services derived from the Shoshone National Forest","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0056","description":"This data publication contains the results of a 2012 study of the preferences of 96 stakeholders (e.g., farmers, ranchers, outfitters and guides, average citizens, natural resource managers and scientists, county commissioners) from Wyoming and Montana for 34 water-based ecosystem services. The ecosystem services were identified through literature review, focus groups, and pilot tests, and the list of services was considered to be a representation of the full range of water-based ecosystem services derived from the Shoshone National Forest in northwest Wyoming. Data include: (1) demographic data from each stakeholder (e.g., gender, age, education); (2) importance assigned to 34 water-based ecosystem services on a scale from \u2018most important\u2019 to \u2018most unimportant\u2019 and; (3) perceptions (i.e., qualitative data from short interviews) about the potential impact of various drivers on the flow of their two \u2018most important\u2019 ecosystem services.There is a wide range of goods and services being provided to humans by water resources (e.g. hydropower and recreation), but there is also a diversity of stakeholders that require or desire these benefits, also known as water-based ecosystem services, for everyday life. Land managers working for the USDA Forest Service in the semi-arid Rocky Mountain Region are tasked with the difficult job of managing scarce water resources in the face of competing human pressures and natural forces (e.g. climate change).\n\t  \nWater management decisions on public lands can potentially impact the availability of a wide range of benefits derived from water to a wide range of stakeholders. This project aimed to inform policy-makers and land managers about the range of benefits people derive from water within and flowing from the Shoshone National Forest (SNF), and the importance of those water benefits to stakeholders in northwest Wyoming. Additionally, this project aimed to understand the perceptions of stakeholders regarding the threat of climate change, and other factors, to their ability to receive certain water-based ecosystem services.","keyword":["Q-methodology","Q-sort","Q-method","water-based ecosystem services","social preferences","water management","drivers","cultural services","production services","provisioning services","regulating services","factor analysis","rural communities","environmental perspectives","boundaries","environment","planningCadastre","society","economy","inlandWaters","Environment and People","Natural Resource Management & Use","Climate change","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Forest Products","Forest & Plant Health","United States of America","Wyoming","Wind-Bighorn Basin","Shoshone National Forest","Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem","Montana"],"spatial":"-116,41,-104,49","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0056","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0056","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2017-10-10"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Data from a 1990 visitor survey in the Desolation Wilderness to determine visitor trends, and preferences for wilderness conditions and experience","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0057","description":"This package contains trend, characteristic, activity and preference data collected as part of a 1990 survey of visitors to the Desolation Wilderness in the Sierra Nevada of northern California. Permit and mailback surveys were used to provide the data from a systematic sample of visitors with the required use permit (permit holders) and a sample of party members (group members without the permit). A convenient sample of visitors who did not comply with the permit requirement (entered without permit) were asked to complete a short onsite survey which allowed for comparison to those who did obtain the permit.The Wilderness Act (PL 88-577) directs that wilderness be managed to preserve natural conditions and to provide outstanding opportunities for solitude or a primitive and unconfined type of recreation. To meet those management goals, managers must adapt their programs to changes in the amount and type of use and resultant conditions. It is also important for managers to be aware of likely visitor response to proposed management actions and their preferences for conditions in wilderness. Unfortunately, very little is known about trends in the characteristics, activities and preferences of wilderness visitors. Some baseline data on wilderness visitors exist for other areas, but many geographic areas are not represented and surveys have been conducted at quite different times. The data reported here comes from a coordinated research effort to understand wilderness use and user trends better.\n\nThe study and datasets presented here allow for comparison between responses from visitors in 1990-1991 to visitors in 1972. Surveying for visitor preferences and use of the Desolation Wilderness gives researchers and managers the ability to ascertain changes in wilderness conditions, and better understand trends in visitor expectation and experience.Original metadata date was 10\/31\/2017. On 07\/11\/2018 we added a reference to 1972 data now available from the Desolation Wilderness.","keyword":["boundaries","environment","planningCadastre","society","Environment and People","Recreation","Social values, ethics","Natural Resource Management & Use","Wilderness","hikers","visitors","permit holders","permit compliance","visitor preferences","wilderness","resource use","management","management planning","solitude","trends","Desolation Wilderness","California","Lake Tahoe","The Sierra Nevada"],"spatial":"-120.295554,38.812424,-120.068655,39.030983","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0057","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0057","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2018-07-11"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Diurnal breeding bird data for unmanaged Douglas-fir forests in western Washington and Oregon: 1984-1986","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0058","description":"This data publication contains bird count data from breeding bird surveys conducted between 1984 and 1986 in 151 natural fire-regenerated Douglas-fir stands within 3 provinces of Washington and Oregon: Southern Washington Cascade Range, Oregon Cascade Range, and the Oregon Coast Ranges. The sampling design incorporated an age gradient (young, mature, old-growth) and a moisture gradient (dry, mesic, wet). The moisture gradient was investigated only in old-growth stands (i.e., old-growth dry, old-growth mesic, and old-growth wet) and the age gradient was studied only in mesic stands (i.e., old-growth mesic, mature mesic, young mesic). In each stand, birds were sampled using the variable circular plot technique and, generally, early-morning surveys were conducted 6 times from mid-April to early July during 2 consecutive breeding seasons. Surveys were conducted in 48 Douglas-fir stands in the Southern Washington Cascades and a total of 71 bird species were detected; 56 stands were surveyed in the Oregon Cascades and 79 species were detected; and 47 stands were surveyed in the Oregon Coast Ranges and 85 species were detected. This publication also contains related stand data, including location, elevation, stand age, and moisture.These data were collected as part of a larger USDA Forest Service research initiative identified as the Old-Growth Forest Wildlife Habitat Research and Development Program. This program was instituted to evaluate whether old-growth Douglas-fir forests in the Pacific Northwest provided significantly different wildlife habitat for birds, mammals, and amphibians than did younger forests. The objectives of the program were to (1) define old-growth Douglas-fir forests in the Pacific Northwest, (2) identify animal and plant species that were dependent or closely associated with these forests, (3) determine biological requirements and ecological relationships of closely associated species, and (4) evaluate old-growth management alternatives and determine economic aspects of old-growth forest ecosystems.The research results of the breeding bird surveys conducted during the Old-Growth Forest Wildlife Habitat Research and Development Program are presented in a series of papers published in Ruggiero et al. (1991), including a regional analysis of the breeding bird communities across all 3 provinces (Huff and Raley [1991]). The data published here represent all of the bird data collected in all 3 provinces regardless of whether the data were used in final publications; for example, data sets used to calculate bird abundance in Huff and Raley (1991) were reduced to equalize sampling effort by dropping some survey days in some stands and only included birds detected within 50 meters [m] of the survey station.","keyword":["biota","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Animal ecology","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Birds","Habitat management","birds","breeding birds","Douglas-fir forests","old-growth forests","Pacific Northwest","Washington","Oregon","Cascade Range","Coast Ranges"],"spatial":"-124.08000,42.77000,-121.46000,46.99300","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0058","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0058","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2017-11-03"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"New Jersey fuel treatment effects: Leaf-off airborne LiDAR data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0059","description":"This data publication contains airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data collected as part of a 2012-2015 Joint Fire Science Program project designed to collect landscape-scale fuels data before and after prescribed fires to quantify consumption, collect data for the parameterization and evaluation of computational flow-dynamics models for simulating fire behavior, and synthesize data for the evaluation of fuels treatment effectiveness. The data include four temporally distinct, leaf-off, airborne laser scanner collections in the New Jersey Pinelands, specifically Burlington and Ocean Counties. The first acquisition, Phase 1, serves as a base-line dataset for over 700 square miles of the New Jersey Pinelands and was collected in the fall of 2012. Phase 2, was collected in the spring of 2013 and focuses only on smaller areas of interest within the boundaries of Phase I where there were new fuel treatment operations. Phase 3, collected in the spring, focuses on the re-measurement of 2013 treatments and new 2014 treatments. Phase 4, collected in the spring of 2015, focused on a single prescribed burn block, Ex1.The data provided here were collected as part of the Joint Fire Science funded project: \u201cEvaluation and Optimization of Fuel Treatment Effectiveness with an Integrated Experimental\/Modeling Approach.\u201d From 2001-2011, approximately US $5.6 billion was spent on hazardous fuel reduction to treat an average of approximately 2.5 million acres per year across the United States. Because of the cost and complexity involved, there is a need for implementing treatments in such a way that hazard mitigation, or other management objectives, are optimized. Our work integrated extensive forest census measurements, remote sensing methodologies, three highly-instrumented fuel reduction treatments, and numeric modeling of fire spread to test the principals and physics behind fuel reduction treatments. These datasets provide measurements for the evaluation of fuel treatment effects and effectiveness.Original publication date was 02\/13\/2018. Minor metadata updates were made on 11\/17\/2022.","keyword":["elevation","biota","location","Fire","Fire ecology","Prescribed fire","Natural Resource Management & Use","Landscape management","light detection and ranging","LiDAR","airborne laser scanner","forest canopy structure","canopy fuel","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","New Jersey","Burlington County","Ocean County","Pinelands National Reserve","PNR","pine barrens","New Jersey Pine Barrens","NJPB","pine lands"],"spatial":"-74.8,39.6,-74.1,40.0","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0059","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0059","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-11-17"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"New Jersey fuel treatment effects: 3-dimensional turbulence and temperature data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0060","description":"This data publication contains environment data collected as part of a Joint Fire Science Program project designed to collect landscape-scale fuels data before and after prescribed fires to quantify consumption, collect data for the parameterization and evaluation of computational flow-dynamics models for simulating fire behavior, and synthesize data for the evaluation of fuels treatment effectiveness. The data include 3-dimensional turbulence and temperature data from overstory towers in the New Jersey Pinelands (Burlington and Ocean Counties), measuring the fire environment within three separate fire experiments, Ex1, Ex2, and Ex3. These experiments were performed in 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively. For each experiment, a control tower was constructed outside of the fire area and three towers inside of the fire area. Each of the intra-fire towers and the control tower were instrumented identically with an overstory sonic anemometer and a thermocouple array to sense the fire environment. The control tower also collected standard meteorological variables such as windspeed\/direction, relative humidity, air temperature, and 10-hour fuel moisture.The data provided here were collected as part of the Joint Fire Science funded project: \u201cEvaluation and Optimization of Fuel Treatment Effectiveness with an Integrated Experimental\/Modeling Approach.\u201d From 2001-2011, approximately US $5.6 billion was spent on hazardous fuel reduction to treat an average of approximately 2.5 million acres per year across the United States. Because of the cost and complexity involved, there is a need for implementing treatments in such a way that hazard mitigation, or other management objectives, are optimized. Our work integrated extensive forest census measurements, remote sensing methodologies, three highly-instrumented fuel reduction treatments, and numeric modeling of fire spread to test the principals and physics behind fuel reduction treatments. These datasets provide measurements for the evaluation of fuel treatment effects and effectiveness.Original publication date was 11\/14\/2017. Minor metadata updates were made on 11\/17\/2022.","keyword":["climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","Fire","Fire ecology","3-dimensional turbulence","temperature","wind direction","wind speed","solar radiation","net radiation","barometric pressure","fuel moisture in percent","soil heat flux","water content of soil","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","New Jersey","Burlington County","Ocean County","Pinelands National Reserve","PNR","pine barrens","New Jersey Pine Barrens","NJPB","pine lands"],"spatial":"-74.8,39.6,-74.1,40.0","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0060","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0060","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-11-17"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"New Jersey fuel treatment effects: Pre- and post-burn biometric data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0061","description":"This data publication contains pre- and post-treatment fuel loading data for 22 prescribed burns (RxBs) and 4 wildfires from 2012-2015 in the New Jersey Pinelands, specifically in Ocean and Burlington Counties. The data include: forest floor loading, shrub loading, forest census data, and canopy fuels via a profiling light detection and ranging (LiDAR) system for both before and after fuel reduction treatments. These data were collected as part of a Joint Fire Science Program project designed to collect landscape-scale fuels data before and after prescribed fires to quantify consumption, collect data for the parameterization and evaluation of computational flow-dynamics models for simulating fire behavior, and synthesize data for the evaluation of fuels treatment effectiveness. Data are available as either a Microsoft Access database file or as individual comma-delimited ASCII text files.The data provided here were collected as part of the Joint Fire Science funded project: \u201cEvaluation and Optimization of Fuel Treatment Effectiveness with an Integrated Experimental\/Modeling Approach.\u201d From 2001-2011, approximately US $5.6 billion was spent on hazardous fuel reduction to treat an average of approximately 2.5 million acres per year across the United States. Because of the cost and complexity involved, there is a need for implementing treatments in such a way that hazard mitigation, or other management objectives, are optimized. Our work integrated remote sensing methodologies and numeric modeling of fire spread to test the principals and physics behind fuel reduction treatments. These data provide measurements for the evaluation of fuel treatment effects and effectiveness.Original publication date was 11\/14\/2017. Minor metadata updates were made on 11\/17\/2022.","keyword":["biota","location","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Ecology","Landscape ecology","Fire","Fire ecology","Fire effects on environment","Prescribed fire","Wildland\/urban interface","fuel loading","pre-treatment fuel load","post-treatment fuel load","fuel consumption","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","New Jersey","Burlington County","Ocean County","Pinelands National Reserve","PNR","pine barrens","New Jersey Pine Barrens","NJPB","pine lands","pine-oak barrens"],"spatial":"-74.8,39.6,-74.1,40.0","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0061","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0061","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-11-17"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"New Jersey treatment effects: Burn units","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0062","description":"This data publication contains a vector shapefile representing the 2012-2015 burn units in New Jersey Pinelands, specifically in Ocean and Burlington Counties. These burn units were studied as part of a Joint Fire Science Program project designed to collect landscape-scale fuels data before and after prescribed fires, collect data for the parameterization and evaluation of computational flow-dynamics models, and synthesize data for the evaluation of fuels treatment effectiveness.The data provided here were collected as part of the Joint Fire Science funded project: \u201cEvaluation and Optimization of Fuel Treatment Effectiveness with an Integrated Experimental\/Modeling Approach.\u201d From 2001-2011, approximately US $5.6 billion was spent on hazardous fuel reduction to treat an average of approximately 2.5 million acres per year across the United States. Because of the cost and complexity involved, there is a need for implementing treatments in such a way that hazard mitigation, or other management objectives, are optimized. Our work integrated extensive forest census measurements, remote sensing methodologies, three highly-instrumented fuel reduction treatments, and numeric modeling of fire spread to test the principals and physics behind fuel reduction treatments. These datasets provide measurements for the evaluation of fuel treatment effects and effectiveness.Original publication date was 11\/14\/2017. Minor metadata updates were made on 11\/17\/2022.","keyword":["boundaries","location","imageryBaseMapsEarthCover","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","Landscape management","Fire","Fire effects on environment","Fire suppression, pre-suppression","Prescribed fire","fuels","burn unit boundaries","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","New Jersey","Burlington County","Ocean County","Pinelands National Reserve","PNR","pine barrens","New Jersey Pine Barrens","NJPB","pine lands"],"spatial":"-74.8,39.6,-74.1,40.0","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0062","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0062","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-11-17"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"New Jersey fuel treatment effects: Wildfire Airborne Sensor Program - orthorectified long-wave infrared and visible data images","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0063","description":"This data publication contains infrared and visible data collected as part of a Joint Fire Science Program project designed to collect landscape-scale fuels data before and after prescribed fires to quantify consumption, collect data for the parameterization and evaluation of computational flow-dynamics models for simulating fire behavior, and synthesize data for the evaluation of fuels treatment effectiveness. The data include orthorectified in-fire long-wave infrared (LWIR) and visible (VNIR) images collected via a fixed wing aircraft with the Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT) Wildfire Airborne Sensor Program (WASP) instrument during three separate fire experiments in the New Jersey Pinelands, specifically in Ocean and Burlington Counties. Fire experiments Ex1, Ex2 and Ex3 were performed on 3\/5\/2013, 3\/4\/2014 and 3\/19\/2015, respectively. Ex3 includes only LWIR infrared data. A series of images were taken of the entire fire experiment approximately every three seconds for each fire.The data provided here were collected as part of the Joint Fire Science funded project: \u201cEvaluation and Optimization of Fuel Treatment Effectiveness with an Integrated Experimental\/Modeling Approach.\u201d From 2001-2011, approximately US $5.6 billion was spent on hazardous fuel reduction to treat an average of approximately 2.5 million acres per year across the United States. Because of the cost and complexity involved, there is a need for implementing treatments in such a way that hazard mitigation, or other management objectives, are optimized. Our work integrated extensive forest census measurements, remote sensing methodologies, three highly-instrumented fuel reduction treatments, and numeric modeling of fire spread to test the principals and physics behind fuel reduction treatments. These datasets provide measurements for the evaluation of fuel treatment effects and effectiveness.Original publication date was 11\/16\/2017. Minor metadata updates were made on 11\/17\/2022.","keyword":["imageryBaseMapsEarthCover","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Ecology","Landscape ecology","Fire","Fire detection","Fire ecology","Fire effects on environment","Prescribed fire","fire intensity","thermal infrared imagery","visible data","remote sensing","Rochester Institute of Technology","RIT","Wildfire Airborne Sensor Program","WASP","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","New Jersey","Burlington County","Ocean County","Pinelands National Reserve","PNR","pine barrens","New Jersey Pine Barrens","NJPB","pine lands"],"spatial":"-74.8,39.6,-74.1,40.0","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0063","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0063","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-11-17"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Timber survey data from 1911 in the Greenhorn Mountains, Sequoia National Forest","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0064","description":"This data publication contains tabular data with measurements of tree and shrub data for a set of transects located in the Greenhorn Mountains, Sequoia National Forest in California. The transects represent a systematic timber inventory collected across a large mixed-conifer and ponderosa pine dominated landscape by the U.S. Forest Service in 1911. Trees were tallied by species and diameter within 20 x 400 meter strips that spanned the center of quarter-quarter sections (QQs) delineated by the Public Land Survey System. Shrub cover was determined using an ocular estimate and recorded qualitatively by species. Tabular data specifically include cover estimates for Chamaebatia foliolosa and an estimate for all other species as a whole; basal area for the following live trees \u2265 30.5 centimeters (cm) at diameter at breast height (dbh): Abies concolor, Calocedrus decurrens, Pinus lambertiana, Pinus ponderosa, and all conifer trees; as well as density of live conifer trees in three different dbh classes. Also included in this publication are scans of the original data collection sheets recorded in 1911.These data were initially collected to assess the amount and condition of timber in the Greenhorn Mountains. The data were recently used to assess historical forest structure and fire severity patterns.The journal article associated with these data is Stephens et al. 2015.","keyword":["biota","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Landscape ecology","Environment and People","History","Fire","Fire ecology","Fire effects on environment","Fire suppression, pre-suppression","Forest & Plant Health","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Resource inventory","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","Restoration","Timber","fire management","fire severity","forest ecology","forest resiliency","reference conditions","Abies concolor","Calocedrus decurrens","Pinus lambertiana","Pinus ponderosa","Quercus","Chamaebatia foliolosa","Arctostaphylos","Chrysolepis sempervirens","Greenhorn Mountains","Sequoia National Forest","Sierra Nevada","California"],"spatial":"-118.64925,35.60277,-118.50788,35.78691","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0064","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0064","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2017-11-21"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04"],"programCode":["010:164"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"RxCADRE 2011 and 2012: Ignition data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0065","description":"The Prescribed Fire Combustion and Atmospheric Dynamics Research Experiment (RxCADRE) was designed to collect atmospheric, fuels, fire behavior, energy balance, emissions, and fire effects data to evaluate and advance fire models and further our understanding of fire science questions. This data package contains a geodatabase with the position and time of either helicopters that dispensed aerially delivered, delayed-ignition devices in 2011 or all-terrain vehicles (ATVs) in 2012 on which were mounted drip torches. These five prescribed surface fires were operational burns conducted at Eglin Air Force Base near Valparaiso, Florida. On 6 February and 8 February 2011, forested blocks 703C and 608A were burned, respectively. On 4 November and 10 November 2012, non-forested blocks L1G and L2G were burned, respectively, and on 11 November 2012, forested block L2F was burned. Data are available as both points and line segments.These are important ancillary data for fire and smoke modelers, who need to know the timing and location of ignitions to understand and model fire behavior, fire spread, and smoke plume dynamics. As such, these data will help to develop synergies between the fuel, atmospheric conditions, fire behavior, radiative energy, smoke generation, and fire effects measurements for fire model development and evaluation.A short summary of the RxCADRE project can be found in the full data publication download (\\Supplements\\RxCADRE_Project_Overview.pdf). Information about the RxCADRE project can also be found here: https:\/\/www.fs.fed.us\/pnw\/fera\/research\/rxcadre\/.\n\t  \nOriginal metadata date was 11\/30\/2017. On 05\/31\/2018 the geodatabase was updated to include ATV_B70L2F_ignition 3 data, which was originally missing.","keyword":["biota","imageryBaseMapsEarthCover","Fire","Fire detection","Fire ecology","Fire effects on environment","Prescribed fire","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","RxCADRE","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","ignition","all terrain vehicle","ATV","helicopter","Florida","Eglin Air Force Base"],"spatial":"-86.86566,30.49661,-86.25798,30.65820","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0065","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0065","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2018-05-31"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Gates of the Arctic Kobuk River: 2001 sport hunter survey data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0066","description":"Between August and September 2001, sport hunters were asked to respond to a mail-back questionnaire about hunting on the Kobuk River in the Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve in Alaska. This data publication contains the results of this survey, which focused on conflict: between user groups, with managers, and with management policies. Questions included experience use history, visit characteristics, influences on experience, hunting motivations, support for limitations, and demographics. A high response rate to an attempt to survey the population of hunters (52 people were asked to complete the survey and 49 responses were obtained) developed knowledge of hunter experience and contributes to understanding of resource use in the park.The purpose of this study was to develop knowledge about the sport hunter population on the Kobuk River in the Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve (GAAR) in order to enhance the ability of management to respond to sport hunter, local subsistence user, and resource needs as well as other strategic goals of the Preserve. Developing in-depth knowledge of hunter experiences, behaviors, and motivations compliments longitudinal data collected as part of a continuing patrol, education and monitoring effort. A better understanding of sport hunters will allow GAAR managers to protect and enhance all visitor experiences while anticipating and reducing user conflicts and protecting Preserve resources from degradation.Original metadata date was 12\/01\/2017. Minor metadata updates were made on 04\/09\/2019.","keyword":["visitors","visitor experience","hunters","hunting","sport hunting","management","management planning","monitoring","resource","recreation","biota","boundaries","economy","inlandWaters","location","oceans","society","transportation","Environment and People","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Natural Resource Management & Use","Wildlife (or Fauna)","North America","Alaska","Arctic Circle","continental divide","Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve","Kobuk preserve","Kobuk River"],"landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0066","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0066","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2019-04-09"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Water chemistry data for studies of the biodegradability of dissolved organic matter in peatland catchments at the Marcell Experimental Forest: 2009-2011","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0067","description":"This data publication includes water chemistry data for samples from the S2 and S6 research catchments at the Marcell Experimental Forest (MEF) in Balsam Township, Itasca County, Minnesota. Data include weekly or more frequent samples of stream water collected from 2009 to 2011. Measurements were taken in upland runoff waters (both overland flow and subsurvey stormflow), which were collected on an event-basis. Both synoptic samples of lagg waters were collected as well as weekly lagg samples from two sites. During 2011, some water samples were collected in the S2 bog. A few additional samples were taken in 2012, 2015, and 2016 to allow a comparison of two different TOC measurement methods and those data are also included. Concentrations of total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), and pH were measured on unfiltered water samples at the Forestry Sciences Laboratory of the Northern Research Station in Grand Rapids, Minnesota. Some of the water samples were analyzed at the Cotner aquatic ecology lab at the University of Minnesota (St. Paul) for dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration, bacterial respiration rate, and biodegradable DOC (BDOC) concentration.These data were collected for a study of dissolved organic matter (DOM) biodegradability during and after spring snowmelt events.Original metadata date was 12\/13\/2017. On 12\/20\/2017 an additional supplemental file was added to this data publication. Minor metadata updates were made on 06\/13\/2019. \n\t  \nThe original version of this data publication included metadata and values for nitrate, ammonium, total organic nitrogen (TON), and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) concentrations, as well as TOC to TON ratios (TOC:TON). On 09\/09\/2020 those values were removed after realization that techniques used to store samples allowed chemical transformations between sample collection and sample analysis. In particular, ammonium was converted to nitrate, and SRP was too likely to have been transformed during refrigeration. Since the relative and absolute values of the solute concentrations of nitrogen species changed and affected derived values, TON and TOC:TON were also removed.","keyword":["environment","inlandWaters","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","water chemistry","upland-peatland catchments","stream water","bog water","lagg water","overland flow (OF)","shallow subsurface stormflow (SSF)","upland forest soils","subsurface runoff","surface runoff","long-term monitoring sites","catchment studies","small watershed approach","Marcell Experimental Forest","Minnesota"],"spatial":"-93.49200,47.43300,-93.44900,47.50000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0067","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0067","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2020-09-09"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Daily water and TOC yields for studies of the biodegradability of dissolved organic matter in peatland catchments at the Marcell Experimental Forest: 2009-2011","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0068","description":"This data publication includes daily estimates of streamflow, peatland runoff, and upland runoff for the S2 and S6 research catchments at the Marcell Experimental Forest (MEF) in Balsam Township, Itasca County, Minnesota. Data also include daily total organic carbon (TOC) yields. Measurements were taken during the March 1 to June 30 periods of 2009, 2010, and 2011.Streamflow and runoff volumes have been measured in the S2 and S6 catchments at the Marcell Experimental Forest as part of the moitoring in the long-term research program. These data were compiled to estimate runoff and TOC yields for streams, peatlands, and uplands for a study of dissolved organic matter (DOM) biodegradability during and after spring snowmelt events.Original metadata date was 12\/13\/2017. Minor metadata updates were made on 06\/13\/2019.","keyword":["environment","inlandWaters","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","upland-peatland catchments","streamflow recession analysis","overland flow (OF)","shallow subsurface stormflow (SSF)","runoff plots","upland forest soils","subsurface runoff","surface runoff","long-term monitoring sites","catchment studies","small watershed approach","Marcell Experimental Forest","Minnesota"],"spatial":"-93.49200,47.43300,-93.44900,47.50000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0068","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0068","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2019-06-13"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Auyuittuq and Quttinirpaaq National Parks in the eastern Arctic Nunavut Region of Canada: 2003-2004 visitor experience study","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0069","description":"This data publication contains audio and transcriptions of in-depth qualitative interviews of visitors, local residents, and scientists at Auyuittuq National Park (ANP) and Quttinirpaaq National Park (QNP) of Nunavut, Canada conducted in 2003. The interviews were meant to obtain information and feedback regarding visitor experiences. This data publication also contains survey responses from visitors to ANP in 2004. The total population of visitors to QNP was only 20 in 2004, while 16 of those completed the survey they were not included in analysis or the data published here. The survey data include visitor demographics and experiences in the parks as well as visitor opinions of the various management actions.A joint, three-phase research project was launched in 2002 in an effort to better understand the characteristics of and influences on visitors\u2019 experiences in Auyuittuq and Quttinirpaaq National Parks of Nunavut, Canada. This study was conducted to provide information to Parks Canada\u2019s Nunavut Field Unit, which identified a need to develop a more complete understanding of the experiences of recreation visitors, in an effort to protect various values and monitor influences. The project was one in a series of studies in arctic settings to understand the various orientations of different groups of people (e.g. native, tourist, distant populations, development interests, etc.) toward the natural landscapes, protected area management and collaborative planning. This research builds on those previous studies and is conducted collaboratively by Parks Canada, the University of Montana, and the Aldo Leopold Wilderness Research Institute. \n\nThe research in this study is primarily concerned with understanding the demographic characteristics of respondents, user and trip characteristics, setting factors that influence the experience of the user and the acceptability of management actions. The study was organized by three fundamental questions: 1). Who are the respondents in this study and what are their trip characteristics? 2). How do respondents experience these parks? 3). What factors influence visitor experiences and how do visitors respond to various management actions in these parks?","keyword":["visitors","visitor experience","visitor characteristics","management","management planning","indicators","monitoring","visitor interaction","wilderness","solitude","arctic","boundaries","environment","inlandWaters","location","oceans","society","transportation","Environment and People","Community development","Decision making, public involvement","Impact of people on environment","Social values, ethics","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Auyuittuq & Quttinirpaaq National Parks","Canada","Nunavut","Baffin Island","Ellesmere Island","Auyuittuq National Park","Quttinirpaaq National Park","Pangnurtung Visitor Centre","Tanquary Fiord Warden Station","Lake Hazen Warden Station"],"spatial":"-79.233016,66.392240,-62.555769,83.081731","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0069","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0069","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2017-12-15"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"RPA Historical observational data (1979-2015) for the conterminous United States at the 1\/24 degree grid scale based on MACA training data (METDATA)","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0070","description":"This data publication contains a gridded historical (1979-2015) dataset for the conterminous United States that has been summarized to the monthly time scale. This monthly historical dataset was developed using the daily MACA observational data (METDATA), also called MACA Training Data (https:\/\/www.northwestknowledge.net\/metdata\/data\/). The MACA training data were used to downscale global climate model projections to the 1\/24 degree grid scale. This monthly data will be used in the modeling analyses for the 2020 RPA Assessment. Data include eight separate files containing mean daily mean potential evapotranspiration, total monthly precipitation, mean daily minimum relative humidity, mean daily downward shortwave radiation at surface, mean daily maximum air temperature, mean daily mean air temperature, mean daily minimum air temperature, and mean daily mean wind speed at 10 meters high.The USDA Forest Service (USFS) produces a periodic assessment of the conditions and trends of the Nation's renewable resources required by the Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act (RPA) of 1974. This RPA Assessment provides a snapshot of current U.S. forest and rangeland conditions and trends on all ownerships, identifies drivers of change, and projects 50 years into the future (https:\/\/www.fs.usda.gov\/research\/inventory\/rpaa, Resources Planning Act (RPA) Assessment). For the 2020 RPA Assessment, the implications of climate change are being analyzed across resource areas. These climate variables will support these analyses.This data package was published on 12\/21\/2017. A newer edition (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0070-2) of these data became available on 02\/18\/2020 and we recommend use of those data. Minor updates to this first edition were made to metadata on 02\/27\/2023.  Metadata updated on 10\/17\/2023 to include reference to published document supporting the 2020 RPA Assessment.","keyword":["climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","Climate change","Climatology","Resources Planning Act Assessment","RPA Assessment","training data","MACA","monthly","observational data","historical climate data","temperature","precipitation","potential evapotranspiration","wind speed","solar radiation","relative humidity","conterminous United States"],"spatial":"-124.7929967,25.0418613,-67.00133006,49.4585228","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0070","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0070","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-10-17"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Fledging times of grassland birds","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0001","description":"The data set provides information on the nesting ecology of grassland birds. Data were collected from 1996-2014 video surveillance of 206 nests of 17 bird species that nested in grasslands of three states within the United States (Wisconsin, Minnesota, and North Dakota) as well as Alberta, Canada. The data include number of nestlings that fledged from the nest, the time of first fledging relative to local sunrise, duration of the fledging period, and day length of the fledging date relative to the summer solstice.Data were used to determine how time of fledging initiation and duration varied in relation to species, number of nestlings to fledge, and time within the breeding season. This information is considered to be important to understanding the nesting ecology of grassland birds, which have been experiencing population declines for many years. The data are also relevant to distinguishing among potential drivers of fledging timing, such as avoiding predation and maximizing energy intake.Original metadata date was 07\/13\/2018. On 09\/12\/2018 metadata updated to include reference to published journal article. Minor metadata updates made on 04\/08\/2019.","keyword":["fledging time","passerines","grassland birds","nesting ecology","video surveillance","Bobolink","Chestnut-collared Longspur","Clay-colored Sparrow","Eastern Meadowlark","Grasshopper Sparrow","Savannah Sparrow","Song Sparrow","Common Yellowthroat","Field Sparrow","Henslow's Sparrow","biota","environment","geoscientificInformation","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Animal ecology","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Birds","Alberta, Canada","Minnesota","North Dakota","Wisconsin"],"spatial":"-111.898889,43.0125,-89.601944,50.564167","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0001","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0001","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2019-04-08"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Marcell Experimental Forest peatland and upland water table elevations","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0002","description":"This data publication contains water table data collected from 1961-2017 at the Marcell Experimental Forest (MEF) in Balsam Township, Itasca County, Minnesota. The data came from six peatland \/ upland forest watersheds instrumented for hydrologic monitoring. Data include daily water table elevations for peatlands as well as daily or monthly water table elevations for upland areas on the MEF.The Marcell Experimental Forest was formally established in 1962 to study the ecology and hydrology of peatlands. The Experimental Forest contains six watersheds (and other study sites), each consisting of an upland portion and a peatland that is the source of a stream leaving the watershed. The catchments and environmental monitoring at the Marcell Experimental Forest are part of a long-term research program on the hydrology and biogeochemistry of catchments with uplands and northern peatlands (Kolka et al. 2011).Additional information about the Marcell EF, its instrumentation, and data collected after the time frame of this publication can be found at https:\/\/www.nrs.fs.fed.us\/ef\/marcell\/ and in Sebestyen et al. 2011.\n\t  \nOriginal metadata date was 01\/02\/2018. On 02\/27\/2018 we added additional supplemental files containing details about instrumentation. Minor edits made to the metadata on 04\/30\/2018 and 11\/05\/2018.","keyword":["environment","inlandWaters","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","Natural Resource Management & Use","Water","Forest management","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","forest hydrology","water table elevation","peatlands","Marcell Experimental Forest","Minnesota"],"spatial":"-93.50000,47.50000,-93.45000,47.57000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0002","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0002","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2018-11-05"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Fire Lab tree list: A tree-level model of the western US circa 2009 v1","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0003","description":"Maps of the number, size, and species of trees in forests across the western United States are desirable for many applications such as estimating terrestrial carbon resources, predicting tree mortality following wildfires, and for forest inventory. However, detailed mapping of trees for large areas is not feasible with current technologies, but statistical methods for matching the forest plot data with biophysical characteristics of the landscape offer a practical means to populate landscapes with a limited set of forest plot inventory data. We used a modified random forests approach with Landscape Fire and Resource Management Planning Tools (LANDFIRE) vegetation and biophysical predictors as the target data, to which we imputed plot data collected by the USDA Forest Service\u2019s Forest Inventory Analysis (FIA) to the landscape at 30-meter (m) grid resolution (Riley et al. 2016). This method imputes the plot with the best statistical match, according to a \u201cforest\u201d of decision trees, to each pixel of gridded landscape data. In this work, we used the LANDFIRE data set as the gridded target data because it is publicly available, offers seamless coverage of variables needed for fire models, and is consistent with other data sets, including burn probabilities and flame length probabilities generated for the continental United States. The main output of this project (the GeoTIFF available in this data publication) is a map of imputed plot identifiers at 30\u00d730 m spatial resolution for the western United States for landscape conditions circa 2009. The map of plot identifiers can be linked to the FIA databases available through the FIA DataMart or to the ACCDB\/CSV files included in this data publication to produce tree-level maps or to map other plot attributes. These ACCDB\/CSV files also contain attributes regarding the FIA PLOT CN (a unique identifier for each time a plot is measured), the inventory year, the state code and abbreviation, the unit code, the county code, the plot number, the subplot number, the tree record number, and for each tree: the status (live or dead), species, diameter, height, actual height (where broken), crown ratio, number of trees per acre, and a unique identifier for each tree and tree visit. Application of the dataset to research questions other than those related to aboveground biomass and carbon should be investigated by the researcher before proceeding. The dataset may be suitable for other applications and for use across various scales (stand, landscape, and region), however, the researcher should test the dataset's applicability to a particular research question before proceeding.Geospatial data describing tree species or forest structure are required for many analyses and models of forest landscape dynamics. Forest data must have resolution and continuity sufficient to reflect site gradients in mountainous terrain and stand boundaries imposed by historical events, such as wildland fire and timber harvest. Such detailed forest structure data are not available for large areas of public and private lands in the United States, which rely on forest inventory at fixed plot locations at sparse densities. While direct sampling technologies such as light detection and ranging (LiDAR) may eventually make broad coverage of detailed forest inventory feasible, no such data sets at the scale of the western United States are currently available.When linking the tree list raster (\u201cCN_text\u201d field) to the FIA data via the plot CN field (\u201cCN\u201d in the \u201cPLOT\u201d table and \u201cPLT_CN\u201d in other tables), note that this field is unique to a single visit to a plot. The raster contains a \u201cValue\u201d field, which also appears in the ACCDB\/CSV files in the \u201ctl_id\u201d field in order to facilitate this linkage. All plot CNs utilized in this analysis were single condition, 100% forested, physically located in the Rocky Mountain Research Station (RMRS) and Pacific Northwest Research Station (PNW) obtained from FIA in December of 2012.\n\t  \nOriginal metadata date was 01\/03\/2018. Minor metadata updates made on 04\/30\/2019.","keyword":["biota","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Forest & Plant Health","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Natural Resource Management & Use","Conservation","Ecosystem services","Forest management","Restoration","Timber","Wilderness","Forest Inventory Analysis","imputation","LANDFIRE","random forests","tree list","western United States","Arizona","California","Colorado","Idaho","Montana","Nevada","New Mexico","Oregon","Utah","Washington","Wyoming"],"spatial":"-124.61,31.09,-102.21,49.36","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0003","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0003","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2019-04-30"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Shapefiles containing potential areas for agriculture, forestry, and conservation in Puerto Rico","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0004","description":"This data publication contains five shapefiles generated in 2017, covering the Caribbean island of Puerto Rico. Using information gathered from 2000-2016, these data were developed through geospatial analyses using a set of simple criteria to identify areas well-suited to mechanized agriculture, areas well-suited to non-mechanized agriculture on moderate to steep slopes, and areas suitable for forestry practices, including timber harvest potential, where greater forest cover has benefits in terms of soil conservation and water management. These are steeper slopes where timber production may be integrated with agroforestry, shade coffee, non-timber forest product uses, or other forms of sustainable activity that maintain a high degree of forest cover. Also included are shapefiles representing conservation priority areas, and an impervious surface layer for Puerto Rico.The data were created to guide land use decisions toward lands most suitable for agriculture, forestry, and conservation in Puerto Rico.Original metadata date was 01\/03\/2018. Minor metadata updates were made on 03\/20\/2019 and 10\/21\/2024.","keyword":["imageryBaseMapsEarthCover","Climate change","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","Natural Resource Management & Use","Landscape management","Agroforestry","Conservation","Timber","agriculture","forestry","land use","tropical agriculture","tropical forests","food resources","Caribbean","Puerto Rico"],"spatial":"-67.95734,17.87407,-65.21851,18.52965","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0004","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0004","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-10-21"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Data from monitoring inter-group encounters at the Alpine Lakes Wilderness in 1991","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0005","description":"Many managers face the challenge of monitoring rates of visitor encounters in wilderness. This study, conducted in 1991 at Alpine Lakes Wilderness in Washington State: (1) provides estimates of encounter rates through use of several monitoring methods, (2) determines the relationship between the various measures of encounter rates, and (3) determines the relationship between various indirect predictors of encounter rates and actual encounter rates. In order to develop a better understanding of the relationship between these various monitoring methods, this study used exit surveys, trip diaries, wilderness ranger observations, trained observers, mechanical counters, trailhead count observations, and parking lot vehicle counts. This data publication includes the data associated with this study, which found that encounter rates differed dramatically from weekdays to weekend days at high-use places studied. Estimates of encounter rates also varied substantially across methods used. Rather than conclude what method is best, this report seeks to help the manager decide which method is most appropriate for use in a particular wilderness, given the issues being addressed. It should also help alleviate some of the problems managers have in prescribing monitoring systems, by forcing more precise definition of indicators.The intention behind this study was to develop greater understanding of alternative encounter monitoring methods, with the hope that this understanding will create confidence in selected monitoring activities. The objectives specifically were to provide estimates of encounter rates by various methods, determine the relationship between the various measures of encounter rates, and to determine the relationship between the various indirect predictors of encounter rates and actual encounter rates.","keyword":["visitors","visitor experience","encounters","solitude","encounter rates","management","management planning","wilderness use","environment","inlandWaters","location","society","Environment and People","Forest & Plant Health","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Natural Resource Management & Use","Washington","Mt. Baker-Snoqualmie","Wenatchee National Forest","Alpine Lakes Wilderness","Snow Lake","Gem Lake","Rachel Lake","Ramparts Lake"],"spatial":"-121.650159,47.375478,-120.651777,47.760008","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0005","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0005","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2018-01-03"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness: 1991 visitor survey data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0006","description":"The Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness (BWCAW) is in the Superior National Forest in northern Minnesota. The BWCAW receives the most use of any wilderness in the country, and has been the location of several studies. The data included in this publication are from a 1991 study aimed at two purposes: (1) to replicate, as nearly as possible, a similar 1969 study in the BWCAW and; (2) to examine the effects of a Forest Service proposal to reduce the number of entrance permits in hopes of increasing opportunities for solitude and reducing resource damage. Between May and September 1991, a sample of visitors was obtained from face-to-face contacts at boat-launch points or trailheads. Mailback surveys were then sent out to these visitors. Data were collected from the same 14 entry points as the 1969 study on approximately the same days of the use season; additionally, the sample was expanded to represent lower use level access points better than they had in 1969 to accomplish purpose number two above. This data publication includes the results from 295 mailback surveys.The Wilderness Act (PL 88-577) directs that wilderness be managed to preserve natural conditions and to provide outstanding opportunities for solitude. To meet management goals, managers must adapt their programs based on changes in visitor use and resulting conditions. The purpose of this study was to form a coordinated research effort to understand better wilderness use, and user trends. Additionally, the results of that research were to be compared with the 1969 study of same issues and location. Specific issues of interest were: visitor characteristics and demographics, visitor experience while in the wilderness, including feelings of crowding and solitude, and general recreational use of the wilderness.","keyword":["wilderness users","user trends","visitor","overnight visitor","visitor experience","visitor characteristics","encounters","management","management planning","permits","user fees","canoes","paddle canoes","motorboats","impact","boundaries","economy","environment","inlandWaters","location","society","transportation","Environment and People","Recreation","Forest & Plant Health","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Natural Resource Management & Use","Wilderness","Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness","United States","Canada","Quetico","Minnesota","Superior National Forest"],"spatial":"-92.45578,47.76584,-90.03741,48.36090","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0006","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0006","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2018-02-07"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04"],"programCode":["010:164"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Datasets from the Programmatic Analysis of Fuel Treatments: from the landscape to the national level Joint Fire Science Project (14-5-01-1)","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0007","description":"This data publication contains the collection of data assembled to address the \u2018Fuels treatment effectiveness across landscapes\u2019 question in Task 1 of the Joint Fire Science Program Project Announcement FA-FON 14-5. The data specifically address the 'Programmatic scale' portion of the question (https:\/\/www.firescience.gov\/AFPs\/14-1-01\/14-1-01_FON_Announcement.pdf). The data consist of a collection of 240 meter rasters with an associated raster attribute table. Four different National Parks were used as study sites: Big Cypress National Preserve (BICY) in Florida, Glacier National Park (GLAC) in Montana, Shenandoah National Park (SHEN) in Virginia, and Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks (SEKI) in California. For each study site seven test scenarios were generated: a baseline analysis and the post-treatment results after six different fuel treatment budget alternatives have been applied to the landscape. These six fuel treatment budget alternatives included the current fuel treatment budget, a maximum value of 170% of the preparedness budget and increments of 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% of the maximum value. The current 2014 Preparedness budget and Fuel Treatment budget was provided by the National Park Service for each study site. The data were modeled using a spatial wildfire budget system known as STARFire. The inputs into the system and the associated outputs are contained within fields in the attribute tables. Included for each study site are individual rasters representing the fire affected resources for that study site. In addition, supplemental files such as the ArcPy python script for calculating the time since last fire and a file summarizing the wind and fuel moisture parameters used in the FlamMap runs for generating fire behavior inputs are also included.These data were collected to address the requirements of the 'Programmatic scale' question of Task 1 of the Joint Fire Science Program Project Announcement FA-FON 14-5.","keyword":["economy","society","biota","Fire","Fire effects on environment","programmatic analysis","wildfire","fuels program","preparedness program","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks","SEKI","Glacier National Park","GLAC","Big Cypress National Preserve","BICY","Shenandoah National Park","SHEN"],"spatial":"-119.36000,25.60000,-78.10000,48.86000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0007","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0007","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2018-01-18"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness: 2007 visitor survey data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0008","description":"In 2007, a team consisting of Superior National Forest managers, Forest Service scientists, and academic partners surveyed visitors to the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness (BWCAW) in northern Minnesota. The BWCAW receives the most use of any wilderness in the country, and has been the location of several studies. This 2007 study is similar to previous BWCAW studies in 1969 and 1991. This data publication includes: (1) a data set intended to determine trends in overnight use and users, and perceptions of wilderness conditions, as well as exploring new issues (e.g., recent wildfires, recreation visitor fees, and tree blowdown events); (2) a data set which examined day use visitor characteristics and preferences and; (3) a data set focused on understanding various aspects of user relationships, experiences, and attitudes about wilderness.The purpose of one aspect of this study was to determine trends in overnight use and user characteristics at the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness, based on data from previous studies 1969 and 1991. Another aspect was to study day use for the first time in order to establish a baseline for future trend analysis. The third purpose was to continue a line of research aimed at understanding factors and influences on relationships between wilderness and visitors, and how those relationships affect their support for wilderness management policies.","keyword":["wilderness users","user trends","day use","visitor","visitor experience","visitor characteristics","encounters","management","management planning","permits","user fees","boating","fishing","recreation","wilderness management","trust","commitment","place attachment","relationships","boundaries","economy","environment","inlandWaters","location","society","transportation","Environment and People","Recreation","Forest & Plant Health","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Natural Resource Management & Use","Wilderness","Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness","United States","Minnesota","Superior National Forest"],"spatial":"-92.45578,47.76584,-90.03741,48.36090","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0008","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0008","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2018-02-07"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Marcell Experimental Forest daily streamflow data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0009","description":"This data publication contains daily streamflow data from 1961-2017 at the Marcell Experimental Forest (MEF) in Balsam Township, Itasca County, Minnesota. The data came from six peatland \/ upland forest watersheds instrumented for long-term hydrological and biogeochemical research. Data include daily streamflow for the following watersheds: S1 (1961-1981), S2 (1961-2017), S4 (1962-2017), S5 (1962-2017), and S6 (1976-2017).The Marcell Experimental Forest was formally established in 1962. The MEF contains six watersheds (and other study sites), each consisting of an upland portion and a peatland that is the source of a stream leaving the watershed. The watersheds and environmental monitoring at the MEF are part of a long-term research program on the hydrology and biogeochemistry of watersheds with uplands and northern peatlands (Kolka et al. 2011).Additional information about the Marcell EF, its instrumentation, and data can be found at https:\/\/www.nrs.fs.fed.us\/ef\/marcell\/ and in Sebestyen et al. 2011.\n\t  \nOriginal metadata date was 02\/22\/2018. On 02\/26\/2018 we added additional supplemental files containing details about instrumentation. On 04\/30\/2018 we updated the instrumentation supplemental files and updated the metadata accordingly.","keyword":["environment","inlandWaters","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","Natural Resource Management & Use","Water","Forest management","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","forest hydrology","peatlands","streamflow","Marcell Experimental Forest","Minnesota"],"spatial":"-93.44900,47.33000,-93.49200,47.50000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0009","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0009","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2018-04-30"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Species occurrence data from the aquatic eDNAtlas database","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0010","description":"The eDNA samples in the eDNAtlas database describe species occurrence locations and were collected by the U.S. Forest Service and numerous agencies that have partnered with the National Genomics Center for Wildlife and Fish Conservation (NGC) throughout the United States. This project began in 2015, but updates will include legacy data that were collected using the same protocol. The eDNAtlas database consists of five feature classes.\n\nThe first component (eDNAtlas_East_AGOL_SampleGridAndResults) is a systematically-spaced 1-kilometer grid of potential sample points in streams and rivers throughout the eastern United States. The points in the sampling grid are arrayed along the medium-resolution National Hydrography Dataset Version 2 (NHDPlusV2) and can be used to develop custom eDNA sampling strategies for many purposes. Each sample point has a unique identity code that enables efficient integration of processed eDNA sample results with the species occurrence database.\n\nThe second component (eDNAtlas_NHDPlusV2_AGOL_ResultsOnly) is a database of georeferenced species occurrence locations based on eDNA field sampling results, which are downloadable by species through dynamic ArcGIS Online (AGOL) mapping tools. The points coincide with the sampling grid and are along the medium-resolution National Hydrography Dataset Version 2 (NHDPlusV2). The earliest eDNA results in the database were collected in 2015 but new samples and results are added annually to the database, which houses thousands of species occurrence records. This feature class includes results from both the western United States and the eastern portion of the country.\n\nThe third component (eDNAtlas_NHDPlusHR_AGOL_ResultsOnly) is a point feature class of all eDNAtlas sample locations that are NOT associated with the eDNAtlas NHDPlusV2 1 km sample grid. These features represent sample locations in smalls streams, lakes, wetlands, springs, and other features that are not represented in the NHDPlusV2 digital data. Many of the sample locations have corresponding features in the NHDPlus High Resolution (NHDPlusHR) dataset. When possible, these sample points are attributed with selected NHDPlusHR attributes. Where no NHDPlusHR feature was present but a valid water sample was collected, field points are represented in this feature class, however no NHDPlus attributes are assigned to the attribute table.\n\nThe fourth component (eDNAtlas_West_AGOL_SampleGridAndResults) is a systematically-spaced 1-kilometer grid of potential sample points in streams and rivers throughout the western United States. The points in the sampling grid are arrayed along the medium-resolution National Hydrography Dataset Version 2 (NHDPlusV2) and can be used to develop custom eDNA sampling strategies for many purposes. Each sample point has a unique identity code that enables efficient integration of processed eDNA sample results with the species occurrence database.\n\n\nThe fifth component (eDNAtlas_Plains_AGOL_SampleGridAndResults) is a systematically-spaced 1-kilometer grid of potential sample points in streams and rivers throughout the middle \u201cplains\u201d region of the United States. Together with the eDNAtlas_East_AGOL_SampleGridAndResults and the eDNAtlas_West_AGOL_SampleGridAndResults, sample grid and results points are available for the continental United States. The points in the sampling grid are arrayed along the medium-resolution National Hydrography Dataset Version 2 (NHDPlusV2) and can be used to develop custom eDNA sampling strategies for many purposes. Each sample point has a unique identity code that enables efficient integration of processed eDNA sample results with the species occurrence database.\n  \nIn the feature class attribute tables, the unique ID for each grid sample point is eDNA_ID. The unique ID for each National Genomics Center for Wildlife and Fish Conservation (NGC) lab result is ID_Tag. There can be more than one ID_Tag per eDNA_ID grid sample point.\n\nFor more information, see the website - https:\/\/www.fs.usda.gov\/research\/rmrs\/projects\/ednatlasThese data were collected for a variety of project-specific purposes that included: species status assessments, trend monitoring at one or many sites, development of predictive species distribution models, detection and tracking of nonnative species invasions, and assessments of habitat restoration efforts.Original metadata date was 08\/07\/2018. \n\t  \nOn 02\/28\/2019 the data were updated to include 1) the eDNAtlas_East_SampleGridOnly feature class and 2) additional lab results for the western U.S. in eDNAtlas_West_AGOL_ResultsOnly and the eDNAtlas_West_SampleGridAndResults feature classes. This update also included 3) changing the field coordinate field names in the results classes to indicate \u2018field\u2019 collection locations instead of the previous \u2018UTM\u2019 coordinate notations and 4) includes ten more species to the results table. Additional minor metadata updates were included on 03\/27\/2019. \n\nOn 09\/18\/2019 the data were updated to include the 1) eDNAtlas_East_AGOL_SampleGridAndResults feature class, which replaced the previous eDNAtlas_East_SampleGridOnly feature class and included results. 2) Additional lab results for the western U.S. in eDNAtlas_EastWest_AGOL_ResultsOnly (renamed from eDNAtlas_West_AGOL_ResultsOnly) and the eDNAtlas_West_SampleGridAndResults feature classes. New lab results were also added for the eastern U.S. in the eDNAtlas_EastWest_AGOL_ResultsOnly feature class, and the extent changed accordingly. 3) This update also included additional species results not in previous versions. 4) Two new fields were created. A \u201csample_visit\u201d field was added and an ID_Tag field to specify for the lab which Unique ID was assigned to the sample for the PCR run. Location field names were edited to clarify grid locations from field locations. Additional minor metadata updates were included on 11\/08\/2019. On 12\/09\/2019 metadata were updated to include information regarding data prior to 2015 that are available.\n\nOn 07\/31\/2020 additional lab results were added including 12 new, additional species across the United States. The metadata were updated to reflect these changes. On 10\/23\/2020 a few data corrections were made, see Process Steps for details. On 05\/04\/2021 a few species names were corrected.\n\nOn 06\/30\/2021 additional lab results were added including 17 additional species. A new eDNAtlas_NHDPlusHR_AGOL_ResultsOnly feature class was added, showing lab results of sample points collected outside the eDNAtlas_NHDPlusV2_AGOL_ResultsOnly sample grid. eDNAtlas_NHDPlusV2_AGOL_ResultsOnly was called eDNAtlas_EastWest_AGOL_ResultsOnly in previous versions and was renamed during this update to differentiate between the Results on the systematic grid and the \u201chigh res\u201d results that were collected outside that grid. Other modifications include more clear attribute definitions for field and grid xy coordinates. The Sample_Visit field was deleted since the ID_Tag can be used to differentiate between samples at the same location and date.\n\nOn 07\/28\/2022 the metadata was updated to correct old URLs.\n\nOn 08\/05\/2022 additional lab results were added including 13 additional species. The InResults field was included to help differentiate between samples submitted that have lab results and those that do not have results available.\n\nOn 05\/17\/2024 additional lab results were added including 57 additional species. A new feature class was added (eDNAtlas_Plains_AGOL_SampleGridAndResults) that includes sample point in streams and rivers throughout the middle \u201cplains\u201d region of the United States. We have also updated the domains for each 4-character species codes from 1, 2, 3, and 4 to Y, N, IP, and NULL.","keyword":["American bullfrog","Asian clam","American Dipper","American eel","Northwestern salamander","American marten","Yellow bullhead","California floater","Oregon floater","Arctic grayling","Atlantic salmon","American water shrew","Any cutthroat trout","Bobcat","Chytrid fungus","American beaver","Black carp","Blue tilapia","Boreal Toad","Big-eared radix","Brook Trout","Brown Trout","Bull Trout","Burbot","Snake River bluehead sucker","Channel catfish","Coastal Cutthroat Trout","Cedar Sculpin","Snakehead","Chinook Salmon","Chinese mystery snail","Chihuahua chub","Chum Salmon","Common Carp","Canyon Treefrog","Coho Salmon","Columbia spotted frog","Coastal Tailed Frog","Crucian carp","Bluehead sucker","Blue Sucker","Desert pupfish","Coyote","Eastern indigo snake","Dolly Varden","Dreissenid mussels","Desert sucker","Eastern Hellbender","Brazilian elodia","Candy Darter","Flathead Catfish","Flannelmouth Sucker","Fisher","Humpback Chub","Goldfish\/Prussian carp","Golden mussel","Grass carp","Grizzly\/Brown Bear","Green sunfish","Gila topminnow","Gray redhorse","Harlequin Duck","Hydrilla","Idaho Giant Salamander","Jaguar","Klamath marbled sculpin","Lake Trout","Lampetra spp.","Lahontan Cutthroat","Wood Frog","Long-toed salamander","Loach Minnow","Lynx","Muskrat","Marbled crayfish","Mosquitofish","Mountain sucker","Northern Mexican gartersnake","Opposum Shrimp","Mozambique tilapia","Narrow headed garter snake","Northern Leopard Frog","Nile Tilapia","Northern Leatherside","Northern Pike","Northern red-legged frog","Nutria","New Zealand Mud Snail","Olympic mudminnow","Oriental weatherloach","Pacific Lamprey","Pacific Chorus Frog","Eurasian minnow","Coeur d'Alene salamander","Northern Plains killifish","Plains topminnow","Pacific Marten","Pink Salmon","White-nose syndrome","Mountain lion","Snake River Physa","Quagga mussel","Foothill yellow-legged frog","Lowland leopardfrog","Red spruce","Redswamp crayfish","Red shiner","Round goby","Rio Grande Chub","Rio Grande sucker","Rough-skinned newt","Southern torrent salamander","Rocky Mountain Sculpin","Rocky Mountain Tailed Frog","Ranavirus","Rainbow Trout\/Steelhead","Ringed crayfish","Rusty Crayfish","Roundtail chub","North American river otter","Razorback sucker","Sacramento sucker","Sauger","Salish Sucker","Sacramento pikeminnow","Siberian sturgeon","Any Sculpin","Sirajo","Sea lamprey","Any Salmonid","Slimy Sculpin","Smallmouth Bass","Snapping Turtle","Snow Leopard","Sonora sucker","Sockeye Salmon","Southern leatherside chub","Western spadefoot toad","Spikedace","Sturgeon Chub","Sonoran tiger salamander","Silver\/Bighead carp","Swine","Taimen","Torrent Sculpin","Texas hornshell","Umpqua Pikeminnow","Umpqua Chub","Umpqua Dace","Varroa mite","Virile Crayfish","Red fox","Walleye","Western Pearshell","Southwestern willow flycatcher","Wami tilapia","Western Pond Turtle","Western ridged mussel","Westslope Cutthroat Trout","western spadefoot toad","Wolverine","Wyoming pocket gopher","Yaqui catfish","Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout","Zebra Mussel","Zuni bluehead sucker","biota","inlandWaters","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","environment","Natural Resource Management & Use","Landscape management","Forest & Plant Health","Climate effects","Invasive species","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Fish","Habitat management","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Climate change","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","status","study","eDNA","assay","fish","survey","occurrence","location","population","sample","aquatic","habitat","presence","absence","environmental DNA","eastern United States","western United States"],"spatial":"-149.45015,23.726801,-66.03903,73.968642","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0010","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0010","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-05-17"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Shining Rock Wilderness: 1990 visitor survey data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0011","description":"This data publication contains 1990 survey data for two different studies conducted in the Shining Rock Wilderness, which is in the Pisgah National Forest of western North Carolina. The first is a trend study to understand changes in visitor characteristics and the other was a study to understand knowledge and behavior about campsite selection and low-impact camping. Data for the \u2018trend study\u2019 were collected through a survey of visitors to the Shining Rock Wilderness. Visitors were contacted at trailheads, and those that agreed to participate in the study received a mailback survey, resulting in two data sets from two different survey instruments: visitor contact data and mailback survey data. Data for the second, \u2018behavior and knowledge study\u2019, was obtained from contacts and observations at campsites by Wilderness rangers. Two data sets (from two different survey instruments) were the result of the onsite information and observations and the mailback survey.The trend study of visitors to the Shining Rock Wilderness in 1990 was done to gain a better understanding of trends in wilderness use and user characteristics. The research was a partial replication of a study of Shining Rock Wilderness users in 1978 (data for the 1978 study are not available). There were four objectives of this study. The first was to determine the characteristics of wilderness visits in 1990, including activities, methods of travel within the wilderness, season of use, length of stay, distance traveled, camping practices and conditions encountered. Secondly, to determine the characteristics of visitors in 1990, including types of groups, previous experience, place of residence and socio-demographic descriptions. The third objective was to determine visitor preferences in 1990, including perceptions of crowding, satisfaction with resource and social conditions encountered, desirability of current and potential policies and management actions, and sources of social conflict. Lastly, we wanted to compare the use patterns, visitor characteristics, perceptions of problems and management preferences of 1978 and 1990 Shining Rock Wilderness users.\n\t  \t  \nThe behavior and knowledge study focused on the behavioral intentions and low-impact knowledge of users. This study also tested the effectiveness of low-impact education through the use of educational posters. See Stubbs and Roggenbuck (1992) for specific hypotheses and details with regard to the behavioral intention and low-impact knowledge aspects of this study (specifically chapter 3).","keyword":["wilderness visitor use","use characteristics","visitor perceptions","use conditions","use trends","visitor preferences","wilderness management","low-impact knowledge","behavioral intentions","low-impact education","biota","boundaries","environment","health","planningCadastre","society","transportation","Environment and People","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Natural Resource Management & Use","Wilderness","Shining Rock Wilderness","North Carolina","Pisgah National Forest","eastern wilderness"],"spatial":"-82.98,35.30,-82.79,35.54","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0011","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0011","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2018-02-28"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04"],"programCode":["010:164"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Flammability thresholds of Eastern redcedar as a potential indicator for heightened wildfire danger","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0012","description":"Flammability thresholds for Eastern redcedar (J. virginiana), an invasive native tree commonly planted throughout the Great Plains, were determined for an August 2016 study conducted in the Twin Lakes Wildlife Management Area (WMA) in Seward, County, Nebraska. This data publication includes flammability measurements for 100 Eastern redcedar twigs across a foliar moisture content gradient ranging from 0% to 180%. To limit the amount of variation in foliar fuel moisture content (FMC) among foliage samples, all samples (6 centimeters in length) were harvested from the lower third of the crown of a single adult female tree and from the tips of branches only. Using a MC320LHT thermal imaging camera, three common characteristics of flammability were measured: ignitability (time until ignition), sustainability (time-spent combusting), and combustibility (intensity of combustion). Data indicate that flammability thresholds exist for Eastern redcedar and are expressed primarily through measurements of ignitability (time until ignition). At fuel moisture content\u2019s of approximately 80%, time to ignition rapidly decreases. Based on these findings, the flammability of Eastern redcedar and its associated wildfire risk is much higher during periods of drought and should be considered as part of wildfire danger monitoring protocols in the Great Plains region.Data were collected to identify the tipping point at which rapid changes in flammability of Eastern redcedar occur during drought. Identifying a tipping point in flammability provides new information to wildland firefighters on the level of foliar moisture content representing when Eastern redcedar will abruptly increase in flammability - and thus represents a proxy for a rapid change in wildfire risk.","keyword":["biota","environment","Environment and People","Quality of life","Urban natural resources management","Fire","Fire ecology","Fire effects on environment","Fire suppression, pre-suppression","Prescribed fire","Wildland\/urban interface","Forest & Plant Health","Invasive species","Rangeland plants","Natural Resource Management & Use","Agroforestry","Ecosystem services","Forest management","Landscape management","Range management & grazing","Restoration","Timber","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Habitat management","flammability","thresholds","fuel moisture content","Eastern redcedar","juniper","wildfire risk","grassland","thermal imaging camera","juniper woodland","cedar woodland","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","Twin Lakes Wildlife Management Area","wildlife management area","Nebraska","grassland","Great Plains","USA"],"spatial":"-96.96803569793701,40.821526015617316,-96.95842266082764,40.824448806139834","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0012","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0012","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2018-03-05"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Public's trust in wildland fire and fuel management decisions: data from a 2004 study in the Bitterroot Valley, Montana","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0013","description":"Recent research has called for a more comprehensive approach to natural resource management that balances social, ecological, and economic obligations. Within this framework, this 2004 study examines the public's trust as a measure of managerial success, and attempts to identify and measure the components that most influence it. A review of trust literature yielded 14 attributes that were hypothesized to contribute to trust, in three dimensions. Based on this review, a telephone survey was developed and administered in the summer of 2004 to a sample of Montana residents in Ravalli county, living adjacent to the Bitterroot National Forest (N=1152). This data publication contains the 2004 survey results with a weighting variable based upon the distribution of the sample across the study area.Following the severe forest fires in Western Montana in 2000, the Bitterroot National Forest commissioned a social survey to help gain a representative understanding of how residents of Ravalli County, Montana viewed the Bitterroot National Forest, and how they preferred it to be managed. One proposition that arose from responses to the survey was that some Bitterroot residents had a lack of trust in the USDA Forest Service. It was not clear how pervasive this lack of trust was, nor what it was limited in scope to. In order to gain insight into the causes and consequences of a lack of trust, as well as to gain a more thorough understanding of the extent of Ravalli County residents' trust in the Bitterroot National Forest, a study was initiated in 2004. Throughout 2005 and 2006, the data from that study served various purposes for interpretation: to evaluate levels of trust, fire and fuel management practices, and for general knowledge on individual-government relations. All analytical documents are based on the same data set, but the methods, results, and discussion are distinctly different.","keyword":["management","management planning","monitoring","resource use","residents","resident response","fire danger","fire response","trust","management trust","government trust","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","boundaries","economy","health","location","society","Environment and People","Fire","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Natural Resource Management & Use","United States","Ravalli County","Bitterroot Valley","Bitterroot National Forest","Hamilton","Victor","Stevensville","Darby","Sula","Alta","Montana"],"spatial":"-114.562726,45.459991,-113.521791,46.660611","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0013","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0013","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2018-03-07"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Climate data for RPA 2020 Assessment: MACAv2 (METDATA) historical modeled (1950-2005) and future (2006-2099) projections for the conterminous United States at the 1\/24 degree grid scale","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0014","description":"The 2020 Resources Planning Act (RPA) Assessment will include climate change as a driver affecting natural resources on all forest and rangelands in the United States. These climate projections, along with projections for population dynamics, economic growth, and land use change in the United States, comprise the RPA scenarios. The climate scenarios are the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 and the downscaled climate data is the MACAv2-METDATA developed by Abatzoglou and Brown (2012) and Abatzoglou (2013). This downscaled climate data set covers the conterminous United States at the grid size of approximately 4 kilometers (1\/24 degree) on a side. The data set includes downscaled historical model output (1950-2005) and projections (2006-2099) for both the RCP 4.5 and the RCP 8.5 scenarios for five models: HadGEM2-ES365, MRI-CGCM3, CNRM-CM5, IPSL-CM5A-MR, and NorESM1-M. The variables available include, monthly average of daily mean near-surface specific humidity (huss), mean daily mean potential evapotranspiration (pet), mean daily maximum relative humidity (rhmax), mean daily minimum relative humidity (rhmin), monthly average of daily surface downwelling shortwave radiation (rsds), mean daily maximum air temperature (tasmax), mean daily minimum air temperature (tasmin), and monthly average of daily mean near-surface wind speed (was). With two climate scenarios and five models, ten different climate futures are available.The USDA Forest Service (USFS) produces a periodic assessment of the conditions and trends of the Nation's renewable resources required by the Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act (RPA) of 1974. This RPA Assessment provides a snapshot of current U.S. forest and rangeland conditions and trends on all ownerships, identifies drivers of change, and projects 50 years into the future (https:\/\/www.fs.fed.us\/research\/rpa\/, Resources Planning Act (RPA) Assessment). For the 2020 RPA Assessment, the implications of climate change are being analyzed across resource areas. These climate data will support these analyses.Original metadata date was 03\/26\/2018. Minor metadata updates were made on 03\/25\/2019 and 07\/30\/2020. On 01\/27\/2021 an incorrect URL in the metadata was corrected. Additional minor metadata updates were made on 04\/18\/2023. Metadata updated on 10\/17\/2023 to include reference to published document supporting the 2020 RPA Assessment.","keyword":["climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","Climate change","Climatology","monthly","precipitation","maximum temperature","minimum temperature","downwelling shortwave solar radiation","specific humidity","wind speed","potential evapotranspiration","minimum relative humidity","maximum relative humidity","CMIP5","gridded meteorological data","MACAv2","RPA Assessment","Resources Planning Act Assessment","conterminous United States"],"spatial":"-124.7722,25.0631,-67.0648,49.3960","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0014","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0014","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-10-17"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Desolation Wilderness: data from 1997-1998 visitor response to fees, fee demonstration project","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0015","description":"This data publication contains responses to a 1997-1998 survey of 634 overnight visitors and 789 day-use visitors to Desolation Wilderness in the Sierra Nevada of northern California. This mailback survey addressed visitors' knowledge regarding level of fees, fee administration method, and potential uses of fees. It was a systematic sample of overnight and day-use permits. This study used an \u2018alternate forms\u2019 methodology (Form A\/Form B) based on use of fees to maintain current conditions or to \u201cimprove\u201d conditions.The Omnibus Consolidated Rescissions and Appropriation Act of 1996 (PL 104-134) established the Recreation Fee Demonstration Program. This legislation directs the National Park Service, the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, the Bureau of land management and the Forest Service to implement a fee program to demonstrate feasibility of user-generated cost recovery for the operation and maintenance of recreation areas or sites, and habitat enhancement projects on federal lands. The Forest Service established the requirement that each participating unit develop a Fee Demonstration Business Plan before implementing a fee system. #10 of this plan was \u201ccustomer\/public feedback mechanisms.\u201d In the business plan for the Desolation Wilderness Fee Demonstration Project, it was indicated that the Leopold Institute would contribute to item #10; the short-term significance of public response to fees, along with management\u2019s request for involvement sufficiently raises the importance of this issue in allocating needed funds (during fiscal year 1997), and to provide scientific involvement in obtaining public response.","keyword":["boundaries","economy","environment","planningCadastre","society","transportation","Environment and People","Decision making, public involvement","Impact of people on environment","Recreation","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Natural Resource Management & Use","Economics","Policies and law","Wilderness","fees","fee system","fee response","visitors","permit holders","overnight","day use","visitor preferences","wilderness","resource use","management","management planning","impact","Desolation Wilderness","Eldorado National Forest","Lake Tahoe","Sierra Nevada","California","United States of America"],"spatial":"-120.29610,38.81469,-120.03921,39.03807","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0015","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0015","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2018-03-23"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Marcell Experimental Watersheds 1968 vegetation survey data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0016","description":"Vegetation on six research watersheds (catchments) at the Marcell Experimental Forest in Minnesota were surveyed during 1968. Tree and sapling density per area, stand crown density, percent brushiness, and percent plant cover were estimated on milacre plots at nodes of sampling grids on each catchment. Within the timber types of each catchment, the ages, heights, and site index were estimated on at least five dominant or co-dominant trees. These data were used to estimate cords and cubic feet per acre for each type and catchment. This data publication includes the full report associated with these 1968 data, as well as the data in ASCII text format.Overstory and shrub-layer vegetation were surveyed in the six research watersheds at the Marcell Experimental Forest to establish \u201cbenchmark\u201d vegetation conditions as a basis for interpreting both hydrologic and vegetation changes following various watershed treatments (e.g. clearcutting, stripcutting, grazing, prescribed fire, fertilization, herbicide treatment) and natural changes (e.g. hail damage, windthrow, forest succession).The catchments and environmental monitoring at the Marcell Experimental Forest are part of a long-term research program on the hydrology and biogeochemistry of catchments with uplands and northern peatlands (Kolka et al. 2011). Sites and catchments are described in Sebestyen et al. (2011).\n\nKolka, Randall K.; Sebestyen, Stephen D.; Bradford, John B. 2011. An evolving research agenda at the Marcell Experimental Forest. In: Kolka, Randall K.; Sebestyen, Stephen D.; Verry, Elon S.; Brooks, Kenneth N., eds. Peatland biogeochemistry and watershed hydrology at the Marcell Experimental Forest. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press: 73-91. https:\/\/www.fs.usda.gov\/treesearch\/pubs\/37980\n\nSebestyen, Stephen D.; Dorrance, Carrie; Olson, Donna M.; Verry, Elon S.; Kolka, Randall K.; Elling, Art E.; Kyllander, Richard. 2011. Long-term monitoring sites and trends at the Marcell Experimental Forest. In: Kolka, Randall K.; Sebestyen, Stephen D.; Verry, Elon S.; Brooks, Kenneth N., eds. Peatland biogeochemistry and watershed hydrology at the Marcell Experimental Forest. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press: 15-71. https:\/\/www.fs.usda.gov\/treesearch\/pubs\/37979\n\n\nThese data were published on 03\/26\/2018. On 05\/02\/2022 minor metadata updates were made.","keyword":["biota","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Plant ecology","long-term monitoring","research watersheds","small catchment approach","peatland-upland catchments","northern forest","boreal peatland forest","vegetation survey","Marcell Experimental Forest","Minnesota"],"spatial":"-93.50000,47.50000,-93.45000,47.60000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0016","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0016","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-05-02"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"LiDAR and Landsat change indices for the 2012 Pole Creek Fire","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0017","description":"Changes in forest structure caused by the 2012 Pole Creek Fire in central Oregon were estimated using muti-temporal LiDAR and compared to multi-temporal spectral indices derived from Landsat. This data publication contains twenty-four estimates for change in forest structure, which were calculated by taking an absolute and relative difference in LiDAR metrics estimated for 2009 and 2013. These metrics include canopy cover, canopy density, canopy relief ratio, mean surface fuel height, and other point cloud statistics. Also included are twenty-one differenced spectral indices developed using Landsat images for 2011 and 2013. These include the delta normalized burn ratio (dNBR) and relative dNBR (RdNBR), as well as other indices that have been used to assess fire effects. LiDAR metrics were computed at 30-meter voxels to match the Landsat data. A mask, which is included in this data publication, was developed to exclude areas of water and snow that interfered with spectral change analysis. Pre-fire mountain pine beetle (MPB) outbreak and forest management were also identified to evaluate their effect on model performance. A pre-fire condition layer is included, which identifies portions of the study area as being affected or not affected by MPB and\/or forest management, as well as being burned or unburned in the Pole Creek Fire.These products were used to assess how well various spectral indices derived from Landsat imagery predict changes in forest structure inferred from LiDAR.Original metadata date was 03\/29\/2018. Minor metadata updates were made on 11\/12\/2019.","keyword":["wildfire","LiDAR","Landsat","dNBR","d74","canopy cover","biota","environment","Fire","Fire effects on environment","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","Forest & Plant Health","Insects","Oregon","Pole Creek Fire","Eastern Cascades"],"spatial":"-122.083515,43.905161,-121.320832,44.453995","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0017","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0017","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2019-11-12"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Starkey Experimental Forest and Range: fences and pastures 1987\u20132017","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0018","description":"The Starkey Experimental Forest and Range (EFR) is located 28 miles southwest of La Grande in northeast Oregon. This unique research facility includes ungulate-proof fencing enclosing 40 square miles, as well as interior fencing, to provide control of herbivory effects and the abundance and distribution of large herbivores (cattle, mule deer, and elk). The Starkey Project is a multi-year research effort starting in 1989 that relies on the fencing and resulting pastures of the EFR to measure the population responses of deer and elk to various forest and rangeland management practices commonly applied on public lands. This data publication contains a vector-based polygon file which includes all the fences and pastures on this EFR between 1987 and 2017, including 8-foot game-proof and 4-foot barbed-wire cattle fences as well as animal exclosures and enclosures larger than 1 acre. This file also includes the year of fence construction and removal, which enables the viewing of pastures and fences present for a given year. Pasture names and other relevant attributes such as perimeter and area are included.Over the course of its long-term study of elk, mule deer, and cattle, the Starkey Ungulate Ecology Team (SUET; a research team within the USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station) has used these fences to partition the Starkey EFR into tracts of land from which different groups of animals can be excluded, or included, as part of the research design. The fences are central to the Starkey EFR\u2019s objective, allowing the herds of elk, mule deer, and cattle to be monitored in a closed environment. The enclosure and exclosure fences were built within the EFR to allow for the manipulation of forest and rangeland vegetation, animal distributions and abundance, recreation impacts (including from hunting), and traffic rates. See Rowland et al. (1997) and Wisdom et al. (2005) for details regarding The Starkey Project\u2019s research objectives and studies conducted as part of this long-term data collection.\n\nRowland, Mary M.; Bryant, Larry D.; Johnson, Bruce K.; Noyes, James H.; Wisdom, Michael J.; Thomas, Jack Ward. 1997. The Starkey project: history, facilities, and data collection methods for ungulate research. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-396. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 62 p. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/pnw-gtr-396 \n\nWisdom, Michael. J.; Rowland, Mary M.; Johnson, Bruce K.; Dick, Brian L. 2005. Overview of the Starkey Project: Mule Deer and Elk Research for Management Benefits. Pages 17-28 in Wisdom, Michael J., technical editor, The Starkey Project: a synthesis of long-term studies of elk and mule deer. Reprinted from the 2004 Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference, Alliance Communications Group, Lawrence, Kansas, USA.Original metadata date was 03\/29\/2018. Minor metadata updates made on 05\/29\/2018.","keyword":["fences","enclosure","exclosure","pasture","allotment","elk","mule deer","cattle","farming","biota","boundaries","structure","natural resource management & use - range management & grazing","natural resource management & use - landscape management","ecology, ecosystems, & environment - animal ecology","wildlife","wildlife - mammals","United States","Oregon","Union County","Umatilla County","Wallowa-Whitman National Forest","Starkey Experimental Forest and Range","Starkey Cattle and Horse Allotment","Blue Mountains"],"spatial":"-118.61146,45.18811,-118.48377,45.31596","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0018","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0018","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2018-05-29"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Starkey Experimental Forest and Range: streams","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0019","description":"The Starkey Experimental Forest and Range (EFR) is located 28 miles southwest of La Grande in northeast Oregon. This unique research facility includes ungulate-proof fencing enclosing 40 square miles, as well as interior fencing, to provide control of herbivory effects and the abundance and distribution of large herbivores (cattle, mule deer, and elk). The Starkey Project is a multi-year research effort starting in 1989 to measure the population responses of deer and elk within the EFR to various forest and rangeland management practices commonly applied on public lands. This data publication contains a vector-based line file which includes all of the streams documented within the Starkey EFR from 1989 through 2017, as sourced from the high resolution National Hydrography Dataset. Attributes indicate seasonal variability in the availability of the streams.The locations of water sources are important when evaluating resource selection of large ungulates such as cattle, elk, and mule deer. These data allow the user to see the stream resources available to ungulates within the Starkey EFR throughout the year. The data have been hydrographically categorized by both the US Geological Survey (USGS) and the Starkey Ungulate Ecology Team (SUET; a research team within the USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station) to indicate which streams are perennial, intermittent, and ephemeral.","keyword":["hydrography","streams","environment","geoscientificInformation","inlandWaters","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","United States","Oregon","Union County","Umatilla County","Wallowa-Whitman National Forest","Starkey Experimental Forest and Range","Blue Mountains","Upper Grande Ronde Basin","Grande Ronde River"],"spatial":"-118.60857,45.19029,-118.48510,45.31401","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0019","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0019","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2018-03-29"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Event runoff volume data and daily runoff data for the S2 and S6 catchments at the Marcell Experimental Forest","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0020","description":"The data publication includes both estimated daily (2009-2015) and measured event (2009-2011) runoff volume data for both surface and subsurface plots in the S2 and S6 research catchments at the Marcell Experimental Forest (MEF) in Balsam Township, Itasca County, Minnesota. Runoff measurements were made at runoff plots installed on north-facing (S2S and S6S collectors) and south-facing (S2N and S6N) hillslopes of the uplands of each catchment (Sebestyen et al. 2011).Runoff volumes have been measured in the S2 and S6 catchments at the Marcell Experimental Forest as part of the monitoring in the long-term research program.Additional information about the Marcell Experimental Forest, its instrumentation, and data can be found at https:\/\/www.nrs.fs.fed.us\/ef\/marcell\/ and in Sebestyen et al. 2011.","keyword":["environment","inlandWaters","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","Natural Resource Management & Use","Water","Forest management","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","upland-peatland catchments","overland flow (OF)","shallow subsurface stormflow (SSF)","runoff plots","upland forest soils","subsurface runoff","surface runoff","long-term monitoring sites","catchment studies","small watershed approach","Marcell Experimental Forest","Minnesota"],"spatial":"-93.49200,47.43300,-93.44900,47.50000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0020","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0020","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2018-04-20"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04"],"programCode":["010:164"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Global fire emissions, fire area burned and air quality data projected using a global earth system model (RCP45\/SSP1 and RCP8.5\/SSP3)","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0021","description":"This project provided an integrated assessment of the effects of fires under different future climate and population scenarios on fine particulate matter mass (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) at global scale, with a particular focus on the United States. We employed the global Community Earth System Model (CESM) with the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) climate, anthropogenic emissions and land use, and the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP) population projections (i.e., RCP4.5\/SSP1 and RCP8.5\/SSP3). Within CESM, we used a complex-based fire parameterization to project future climate- and human-driven fire emissions, and considered landscape, deforestation, agricultural and peat fires. This data publication includes a) fire emissions for main fire species such as black carbon (BC), monoterpenes, carbon monoxide (CO), isoprene, Hydrogen cyanide (HCN), ammonia (NH3), nitric oxide (NO), organic carbon (OC), sulfur dioxide (SO2), etc.; b) area burned from landscape, agriculture, deforestation and peat fires; and c) air quality (PM2.5, BC, OC and O3). All data are at a global scale 0.9 x 1.25 horizontal resolution, with either monthly, daily or hourly resolution at decadal snapshots, i.e. 2000 Baseline (2000-2010), 2050 RCP45 and RCP85 (2040-2050) and 2100 RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 (2090-2100). All simulations were performed with CESM 1.2 with a fire module described in Li et al. (2012 and 2013).Data were created to investigate the effect of changing climate on future fire activity and its consequences for air pollution.Original metadata and publication date was 05\/07\/2018. Two of the data files included in this data publication were found to contain only zeros, so on 06\/15\/2018 this publication was updated to include the corrected netCDF files containing fire area burned for RCP45\/SSP1 and RCP85\/SSP3 scenarios. We discovered and corrected a file duplication error with these same fire area burned files on 06\/10\/2021. Some additional minor metadata updates were also made.","keyword":["climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","Climate change","Fire","Fire effects on environment","Natural Resource Management & Use","model simulations","fire module","fire area burned","future air quality","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","global"],"spatial":"-180.00000,-90.00000,180.00000,90.00000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0021","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0021","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-06-10"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve: 2002-2003 wilderness visitor experience data in the Alaska regional context","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0022","description":"This data publication contains transcripts of interviews with visitors to the Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve (WRST), in Alaska, in 2002 (Phase I) and 2003 (Phase II). Interviews in the first phase included questions relating to visitor expectations and experiences, with specific attention paid to inter-visitor conflict (both before and during the fall hunting season). Phase II interviews were focused more on recreational use. Each interview was tape-recorded and transcribed verbatim. The qualitative interviews were conducted with groups (sometimes there was only a single person in a \u2018group\u2019, while other times there were multiple people). Also included are data from each interview that describe group size, residency, purpose of visit, and other basic visitor descriptive information.The basic objective of the first phase was to develop an understanding of backcountry visitor expectations and experiences at WRST, with specific attention paid to perceived inter-visitor conflicts where they occur during the fall hunting season. Specific objectives were to: 1) assess visitors\u2019 trip expectations and reasons for choosing to visit WRST; 2) understand the nature of visitors' actual experiences; 3) investigate the factors that influence the potential for inter-visitor conflict, and the nature of conflicts if and when they occur; 4) record visitors\u2019 comments and concerns with respect to management of the WRST backcountry; and 5) establish a general familiarity with visitor use patterns, contact locations, and issues of concern in order to facilitate the development of future research. The basic objectives of the second phase of research were the same as the first phase, with focus on the part of the use season preceding the fall hunting season. One point of particular interest was how WRST fits into the range of possible National Park Service and wilderness opportunities in Alaska. 1) What do summer visitors expect to find when they visit WRST, and how do they contrast that with perceptions of other options in Alaska? 2) What are the dynamics of visitor experiences? 3) How do visitors describe WRST?","keyword":["biota","economy","inlandWaters","location","oceans","society","transportation","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Environment and People","Natural Resource Management & Use","Wildlife (or Fauna)","management","management planning","visitors","visitor experience","visitor expectation","subsistence use","recreation","hunting","subsistence hunting","recreational hunting","backcountry","visitor conflict","wilderness","Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve","Slana Visitor Center","Kennicott","McCarthy","Alaska","United States of America","North America"],"spatial":"-145.43838,59.69845,-139.07429,62.70440","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0022","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0022","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2018-05-29"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Lick Creek historic photographic series: a century of change in a ponderosa pine forest in western Montana, US","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0023","description":"This photoseries contains 14 photopoints from the Lick Creek Demonstration\/Research Forest where repeat photographs document forest change from 1909 through 2016 following harvesting, prescribed burning, and succession. The Lick Creek site is a managed ponderosa pine forest, located in the Bitterroot Mountains within the Bitterroot National Forest in Western Montana. These photoseries document forest change typical of dry ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Lawson & C. Lawson var. ponderosa C. Lawson) forests in the West when fire is excluded. In 1909, the Forest Service sent a Washington Office photographer to document the sale using a view box camera and glass plates. In 1925, many of the original photograph locations were re-located and 13 were permanently monumented in 1938. A 14th location was re-located in 2015. Photographs from most of the photopoints were taken in 1909, 1925-1927, 1937-1938, 1948, 1958, 1968, 1979, 1989, 1997, 2009, 2015, and 2016.These photographs were taken after the original 1906 harvest and clearly show evidence of subsequent harvesting; they are not intended to reflect pre-EuroAmerican conditions. Their value lies in showing how low-elevation ponderosa pine forests of the Northern Rockies change over time when managed and fire is excluded.Original metadata date was 06\/04\/2018. On 06\/04\/2019 this data publication was updated to include a new supplemental file and reference to a recently published article. On 06\/01\/2021 minor metadata updates were made.","keyword":["biota","environment","vegetation","fire exclusion","ponderosa pine","Pinus ponderosa","Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir","Pseudotsuga menziesii","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Fire","Fire suppression, pre-suppression","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Montana","United States","Bitterroot National Forest"],"spatial":"-114.25009,46.07152,-114.22306,46.08435","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0023","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0023","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-06-01"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04"],"programCode":["010:164"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Wildfire risks and values as identified by members of Oregon and Idaho Rangeland Fire Protection Associations","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0024","description":"Point data were collected from key informants in southeastern Oregon and southwestern Idaho regarding perceptions of wildfire risks and values across local landscapes. Key informants included members of Rangeland Fire Protection Associations (RFPA) and the Bureau of Land Management officials with whom they interact. Data were collected as part of a broader study on Rangeland Fire Protection Associations and their contributions to fire-adapted communities. This research was performed during 2015-2016 using a qualitative interview and mapping process with two case study RFPAs in Oregon (Crane and Jordan Valley) and two in Idaho (Owyhee and Mountain Home). Perspectives on RFPA and BLM values and risks were gathered across their respective landscapes by marking up paper. Questions guided them to indicate places perceived to be at high risk of wildfire, places where fire may be beneficial\/destructive, and places important to the community to protect from wildfire. This data publication contains the non-confidential point data compiled from these efforts.The purpose of collecting this data was to obtain information about Rangeland Fire Protection Associations in order to meet research objectives, which were to: 1) analyze the effectiveness of the Rangeland Fire Protection Association model; 2) analyze the alignment of capabilities and values at risk across rural landscapes; and 3) develop conceptual models and generate hypotheses about the role of community based fire response organizations in encouraging fire-adapted communities.","keyword":["society","Environment and People","Partnerships","Fire","Fire suppression, pre-suppression","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","Rangeland Fire Protection Associations","RFPAs","rangelands","wildfire suppression","Bureau of Land Management","communities","adaption","Idaho","Oregon"],"spatial":"-119.15797,42.11781,-115.09141,43.93733","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0024","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0024","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2018-05-31"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04"],"programCode":["010:164"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"RxCADRE 2011 and 2012: Predicted surface fuel maps","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0025","description":"This data package contains surface fuel maps created as a research product of the 2011 and 2012 Prescribed Fire Combustion and Atmospheric Dynamics Research Experiment (RxCADRE). Maps are located in Eglin Air Force Base (AFB) near Valparaiso, Florida. GeoTiffs are provided for each of five management blocks that were burned by Eglin AFB managers who applied a total of five operational prescribed surface fires in 2011 (forested blocks 608A and 703C), and 2012 (non-forested blocks L1G and L2G and forested block L2F).The Prescribed Fire Combustion and Atmospheric Dynamics Research Experiment (RxCADRE) was designed to collect atmospheric, fuels, fire behavior, energy balance, emissions, and fire effects data to evaluate and advance fire models and further our understanding of fire science questions. Surface fuel maps were created so that surface fuel consumption could be compared to fire radiative energy density.A short summary of the RxCADRE project can be found in the full data publication download (\\Supplements\\RxCADRE_Project_Overview.pdf). Information about the RxCADRE project can also be found here: https:\/\/www.fs.fed.us\/pnw\/fera\/research\/rxcadre\/.","keyword":["biota","imageryBaseMapsEarthCover","Fire","Fire detection","Fire ecology","Fire effects on environment","Prescribed fire","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","RxCADRE","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","surface fuels","Florida","Eglin Air Force Base"],"spatial":"-86.87000,30.45000,-86.26000,30.66000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0025","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0025","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2018-06-11"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Tree ring widths from mesic and upslope locations at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0026","description":"This data publication contains raw tree ring widths for individual trees in the Coweeta Basin, which is within the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory in western North Carolina. Transects extending from stream edge to ridge were established in 22 forest stands which were classified as mesic or upslope locations. Fifteen to forty trees per stand were cored one meter from the ground, between 2005 and 2010, from six different species (ACRU=Acer rubrum L., BELE=Betula lenta L., LITU=Liriodendron tulipifera L., QUAL=Quercus alba L., QUMO=Quercus montana Willd., and QURU=Quercus rubra L.). Tree cores dated back as far as 1966.The purpose of this study was to try to examine forest tree growth response to hydroclimate variability in the southern Appalachians.Original metadata date was 06\/15\/2018. Minor metadata updates were made on 09\/06\/2019.\n\t  \nFor more information about Coweeta: https:\/\/www.srs.fs.usda.gov\/coweeta\/research\/lter\/.","keyword":["radial growth","hydroclimate","tree-ring","small storms","ring-porous","diffuse-porous","structural equation modeling","productivity","dendrochronology","tree growth","biota","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Forest & Plant Health","Forest Products","Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory","Coweeta Lab","North Carolina","Macon County","southern Appalachians","Coweeta Basin"],"spatial":"-83.47845,35.02734,-83.42166,35.07382","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0026","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0026","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2019-09-06"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04"],"programCode":["010:164"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Survey data for the 2014 fuel treatment science plan","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0027","description":"Treatment of natural fuels has been carried out in support of management objectives throughout the history of natural resource management across the United States. While research activities have been conducted for over 50 years, an urgent need still exists to provide better guidance for fuel treatment research to support and improve the efficiency of planning, operational implementation, and evaluation. This package contains response data for a Natural Fuels survey sent to fuel treatment practitioners, both federal and non-federal, across the United States in the fall of 2013. There were a total of 23 survey questions dealing with the importance of fuel treatment, impediments to fuel treatment, tools and guidance, and future research. Data included in this package are summaries of responses to each question, as well as individual free-text responses. There were 711 federal respondents and 605 non-federal respondents to these surveys from all across the United States, including Hawaii and Alaska.The surveys were conducted to solicit information from fuel treatment practitioners across the United States for the purpose of constructing a Fuel Treatment Science Plan to guide the Joint Fire Science Program (JFSP) in fuel treatment research over the next five years.","keyword":["environment","planningCadastre","Environment and People","Fire","Fire suppression, pre-suppression","Prescribed fire","Wildland\/urban interface","Forest & Plant Health","natural fuels","fuel treatment","science plan","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","United States","Hawaii","Alaska"],"spatial":"-170,18,-66,71","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0027","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0027","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2018-06-20"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Kings River Experimental Watersheds meteorology data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0028","description":"The Kings River Experimental Watersheds (KREW) project is a long-term forest management study that began in the early 2000's. KREW is comprised of 10 headwater catchments of the Kings River Basin within the Sierra National Forest, California. Four meteorological stations are located within KREW at elevations of 1730 meters (lower Providence), 1950 meters (upper Providence), 2160 meters (lower Bull) and 2400 meters (upper Bull). This data publication contains level 1a (i.e. quality controlled but no gap filling) snow depth, snow water equivalent, air temperature, relative humidity, solar radiation, wind speed, and wind direction measurements taken every fifteen minutes at all four sites from 2002 to 2017. Also included are level 2 (i.e. quality controlled and gap filled) daily precipitation, snow depth, snow water equivalent, and minimum\/maximum air temperatures. Shapefiles containing watershed boundaries and locations of the meteorological stations are also provided.Continuous meteorological measurements were collected to characterize the hydrologic functions of the southern Sierra headwater basins and to evaluate the impact of mechanical thinning and prescribed burns on water quantity and quality.Data were published on 06\/21\/2018. Minor metadata updates were made on 05\/18\/2021.","keyword":["air temperature","snow depth","snow water equivalent","precipitation","solar radiation","wind speed","wind direction","relative humidity","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","Climate change","Climatology","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Natural Resource Management & Use","Climate change effects","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","Water","Kings River","Kings River Experimental Watersheds","Providence Creek","Bull Creek","Teakettle Experimental Forest","Sierra National Forest","California"],"spatial":"-119.20646,36.953827,-119.02920,37.074545","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0028","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0028","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-05-18"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Multiple factors influencing burn severity for daily forested burn areas of central Idaho and western Montana","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0029","description":"This data publication includes forested daily burned area shapefiles from 42 forest fires from 2005 to 2007 and 2011 for central Idaho and western Montana. Original files were obtained from https:\/\/ftp.nifc.gov\/. Fire data were selected based on availability of burn severity (dNBR) from MTBS.gov and five days of consecutive infrared (IR) perimeter mapping and then further processed to remove areas smaller than 0.09 hectares, buffered inward by 30 meters, and only map forested areas. Also included is a file containing multiple measurements such as daily weather and fire danger indices, topographic measurements, and vegetation characteristics for random sample points within the 42 forest fire areas, as well as a file containing basic information about these fires.Burn severity as inferred from satellite-derived differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR) is useful for evaluating fire impacts on ecosystems, but the environmental controls on burn severity across large forest fires are both poorly understood and likely to be different than those influencing fire extent.","keyword":["environment","Fire","Fire ecology","Fire effects on environment","area burned","burn severity","dNBR","infrared perimeter mapping","random forest","wildland fire","northern US Rockies","Idaho","Montana"],"spatial":"-115.90956,43.55620,-113.47415,46.96210","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0029","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0029","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2018-07-09"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Daily area burned and proportion burned severely for 42 fires of central Idaho and western Montana","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0030","description":"This data publication includes daily infrared (IR) burned area shapefiles from 42 forest fires from 2005 to 2007 and 2011 for central Idaho and western Montana. Original files were obtained from https:\/\/ftp.nifc.gov\/. Fire data were selected based on availability of burn severity (dNBR) from MTBS.gov and five days of consecutive IR perimeter mapping. Also included is a file containing the proportion values for three burn severities (low, medium, high) located in each fire growth area, as well as a file containing basic information about these 42 forest fires.These maps are used on wildland fire incidents to establish fire size and location. These maps allow for daily estimated fire growth areas.","keyword":["environment","Fire","Fire ecology","Fire effects on environment","area burned","infrared perimeter mapping","wildland fire","dNBR","burn severity","northern US Rockies","Idaho","Montana"],"spatial":"-115.92334,43.55582,-113.47375,46.96225","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0030","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0030","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2018-07-09"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Data from a 1972 visitor survey in the Desolation Wilderness to determine baseline visitor characteristics, and preferences for wilderness conditions and experience","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0031","description":"This package contains baseline data for visitor characteristics, activities and preferences collected as part of a 1972 survey of visitors to the Desolation Wilderness in the Sierra Nevada of northern California. Permit data and mailback surveys were used to provide the data from a systematic sample of visitors with the required use permit (permit holders). Questions asked of respondents in the mailback survey pertained to visitor characteristics (e.g., education, occupation), activities (e.g., length of stay, method of travel), and preferences (e.g., satisfaction, attitudes toward conditions).The Wilderness Act (PL 88-577) directs that wilderness be managed to preserve natural conditions and to provide outstanding opportunities for solitude or a primitive and unconfined type of recreation. To meet those management goals, managers must adapt their programs to changes in the amount and type of use and resultant conditions. It is also important for managers to be aware of likely visitor response to proposed management actions and their preferences for conditions in wilderness. Unfortunately, very little is known about trends in the characteristics, activities and preferences of wilderness visitors. Such baseline understanding is needed for trend analysis. The data reported here comes from a coordinated research effort to understand baseline conditions in several wilderness areas.","keyword":["boundaries","environment","planningCadastre","society","Environment and People","Recreation","Social values, ethics","Natural Resource Management & Use","Wilderness","hikers","visitors","permit holders","permit compliance","visitor preferences","wilderness","resource use","management","management planning","solitude","trends","Desolation Wilderness","California","Lake Tahoe","The Sierra Nevada"],"spatial":"-120.295554,38.812424,-120.068655,39.030983","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0031","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0031","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2018-07-11"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Data and source code for \"Bayesian analyses of seventeen winters of water vapor fluxes show bark beetles reduce sublimation\"","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0032","description":"Sublimation is important to the water cycle of cold, snow dominated ecosystems, many of which have been recently disturbed. In high elevation spruce-fir forests of western North America spruce beetle outbreaks have killed trees, reduced the canopy, and altered the processes that control sublimation. This publication includes the data, source code used for statistical analyses, and Bayesian posterior distributions used in Frank et al. 2018 (in review). That study evaluates two hypotheses in these ecosystems: (1) the dominant source for sublimation is canopy intercepted snow and (2) the loss of canopy following a beetle disturbance leads to less total sublimation. To incorporate uncertainty hierarchically across multiple data sources and address phenomenological parsimony, Bayesian statistics were used to analyze seventeen years (2000-2016) of winter eddy covariance flux data at the Glacier Lakes Ecosystem Experiments Site (GLEES) AmeriFlux sites where a spruce beetle outbreak caused 75-85% basal area mortality. This data publication includes micrometeorological data from the GLEES AmeriFlux sites for water years 2000-2016, water vapor stable isotope concentrations for water years 2014-2016, MODIS leaf-area index around the AmeriFlux scaffold from 2000-2015, and subcanopy four-component radiation measurements from 2014-2016 as well as modeled predictor variables for heat flux into the snowpack, energy storage in the canopy, leaf area index, and Beer\u2019s law canopy extinction coefficient. This archive includes source code that analyzes sublimation data using a hierarchical Bayesian statistical model based on these data and modeled predictor variables. Finally, the posterior distributions for process parameters and derived quantities resulting from the Bayesian statistical analyses are included.These data were collected as part of the AmeriFlux network of eddy covariance ecosystem flux sites. These sites were established for long term monitoring of the ecosystem exchange of water vapor, carbon dioxide, and energy between the land surface and the atmosphere. Two sites were located at the Glacier Lakes Ecosystem Experiments Site (GLEES), starting with the Brooklyn Tower (US-GBT) which was operational from 1999-2006. The AmeriFlux scaffold (US-GLE) has been active from 2004-present.","keyword":["biota","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","Forest & Plant Health","Insects","sublimation","spruce beetle","energy balance","canopy interception","eddy covariance","Bayesian statistics ","Glacier Lakes Ecosystem Experiments Site","GLEES","Medicine Bow National Forest","Wyoming"],"spatial":"-106.23995,41.36579,-106.23968,41.36653","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0032","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0032","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2018-07-27"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"RxCADRE 2012: Large burn smoke plume photographs and videos","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0033","description":"These data include time lapse JPEG and CR2 format photographs, taken every 5 seconds, as well as MTS videos from burns of the 2012 Prescribed Fire Combustion and Atmospheric Dynamics Research Experiment (RxCADRE) at Eglin Air Force Base, Florida. Images are provided from five cameras located around the fire perimeter at various distances for each burn, taken in November 2012. There were two operational grass fires named L1G and L2G, and an operational forest fire named L2F.The photographic time series were collected for evaluation as a technique for determining plume velocities.A short summary of the RxCADRE project can be found in the full data publication download (\\Supplements\\RxCADRE_Project_Overview.pdf). Information about the RxCADRE project can also be found here: https:\/\/www.fs.fed.us\/pnw\/fera\/research\/rxcadre\/.\n\t  \n**IMPORTANT NOTE: These data are too large to provide all via direct download (over 1 terabyte), therefore only a subset are immediately available. For access to all of the files contact the Archive Team (see Contact Us page on: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS).","keyword":["biota","environment","Fire","Fire effects on environment","Prescribed fire","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Smoke","plume","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","RxCADRE","Eglin Air Force Base","Florida"],"spatial":"-86.77,30.51,-84.42,31.27","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0033","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0033","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2018-08-09"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Grassland bird nesting ecology: video samples of behavior","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0034-2","description":"We provide video clips related to the nesting ecology of grassland birds. Each video has a brief description in the included catalog. These videos are supplemental material for scientific publications by the authors, and constitute a subset of videos collected from 2006-2014 as part of research on the nesting ecology of grassland birds conducted in Wisconsin, USA, and Alberta, Canada.Grassland birds are ground nesters that construct nests that are generally well camouflaged by surrounding vegetation. Consequently, their nesting ecology has been more difficult to observe than the ecology of cavity- or shrub-nesting birds. Using video cameras to record behavior of adults, nestlings, and other actors functions to improve our understanding of nesting ecology. This, in turn, improves our management insights and facilitates placing the nesting ecology of grassland birds in the broader context of the nesting ecology of birds generally.For the 2nd edition all of the videos are available as MP4 files, three videos were added, and descriptions were updated to replace \"flight\" phrasing with \"wing-assisted\". This reflects the fact that nestling grassland birds cannot engage in sustained flight, but can (when old enough) coordinate their use of wings and legs. This coordination permits the young to leverage wing-generated lift to assist leg-generated thrust to move farther than use of legs alone would allow. Wing-assisted locomotion reaches its peak with \"short flight\", wherein the young birds are flying for short distances (although their development has not progressed enough to allow sustained flight).  \n\nThis data publication became available on 01\/30\/2019. Minor metadata updates were made on 05\/10\/2019.","keyword":["fledging","passerines","grassland birds","nesting ecology","video surveillance","Bobolink","Chestnut-collared Longspur","Eastern Meadowlark","Grasshopper Sparrow","Savannah Sparrow","Common Yellowthroat","Henslow's Sparrow","Horned Lark","Sprague's Pipit","biota","environment","geoscientificInformation","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Animal ecology","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Birds","Alberta, Canada","Wisconsin"],"spatial":"-111.89889,43.01250,-89.60194,50.56417","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0034-2","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0034-2","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2019-05-10"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Grassland bird nesting ecology: video samples of behavior","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0034","description":"This data publication provides video clips related to the nesting ecology of grassland birds. Each video has a brief description in the included catalog. These videos are supplemental material for scientific publications by the authors, and constitute a subset of videos, collected from 2006-2014, as part of research on the nesting ecology of grassland birds done in Wisconsin, USA, and Alberta, Canada.Grassland birds are ground nesters that construct nests that are generally well camouflaged by surrounding vegetation. Consequently, their nesting ecology has been more difficult to observe than the ecology of cavity- or shrub-nesting birds. Using video cameras to record behavior of adults, nestlings, and other actors functions to improve our understanding of nesting ecology. This, in turn, improves our management insights and facilitates placing the nesting ecology of grassland birds in the broader context of the nesting ecology of birds generally.This data publication became available on 08\/09\/2018. Metadata was updated on 01\/30\/2019 to include reference to 2nd edition of these data. Minor metadata updates were made on 05\/10\/2019.\n\n** NOTE: we recommend using the 2nd edition of these data which are now available, see Cross-Reference section below. The 2nd edition provides all of the videos as MP4 files, includes three additional videos and description updates to replace \"flight\" phrasing with \"wing-assisted\". This reflects the fact that nestling grassland birds cannot engage in sustained flight, but can (when old enough) coordinate their use of wings and legs. This coordination permits the young to leverage wing-generated lift to assist leg-generated thrust to move farther than use of legs alone would allow. Wing-assisted locomotion reaches its peak with \"short flight\", wherein the young birds are flying for short distances (although their development has not progressed enough to allow sustained flight).","keyword":["fledging","passerines","grassland birds","nesting ecology","video surveillance","Bobolink","Chestnut-collared Longspur","Eastern Meadowlark","Grasshopper Sparrow","Savannah Sparrow","Common Yellowthroat","Henslow's Sparrow","Horned Lark","Sprague's Pipit","biota","environment","geoscientificInformation","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Animal ecology","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Birds","Alberta, Canada","Wisconsin"],"spatial":"-111.89889,43.01250,-89.60194,50.56417","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0034","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0034","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2019-05-10"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"U.S. timber production, trade, consumption, and price statistics, 1965-2017","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0035","description":"These sixty tables present current and historical information on production, trade, consumption, and prices of timber products in the United States from 1965-2017 as published in Howard and Liang (2019). The tables focus on national statistics, but include some data for individual states \/ regions and for Canada. The underlying data were collected from industry trade associations and government agencies. Not all statistics reported in the tables are available for all years due to changes over time in what information was collected by the source organizations.The tables are intended for forest land managers, forest industries, trade associations, forestry schools, renewable resource organizations, individuals in the major timber producing and consuming countries of the world, and the general public. A major use of the data has been tracking industry production and consumption trends over time.The version of the data included in this publication does not include any formulas. A version with formulas is available upon request by contacting the Archive Team (see the Contact Us link at https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS).\n\t  \nOriginal metadata date was 10\/26\/2018. Metadata updated on 09\/09\/2019 to include full citation information for a publication that is now available.","keyword":["economy","Forest Products","Forest products industry","Non-wood forest products","Pulp & paper","Wood utilization","timber","trade","production","consumption","import","export","statistics","United States"],"landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0035","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0035","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2019-09-19"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Ambient soil temperatures in prescribed burned ponderosa pine forests at Fort Valley Experimental Forest, Arizona","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0036","description":"The hourly temperature in the soil at three depths beneath the forest floor of ponderosa pine stands subjected to periodic prescribed burning was measured during one growing season from May until November, 1986 at the Fort Valley Experimental Forest in northern Arizona. Temperatures were measured in 3-day periods at a subset of locations and then the recording devices were moved to a different subset so the measurements at a particular location were separated by about 4 weeks. Additional hourly data from an onsite weather station for air temperature, solar intensity, and precipitation, as well as forest floor depth (6 samples measured above soil temperature site) are included as separate files to assist in site characterization.The objective of this study was to determine the effect of regular prescribed burning on soil temperatures under different overstory classes of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) located in northern Arizona at the Fort Valley Experimental Forest.Original metadata date was 08\/30\/2018. On 09\/25\/2018 we updated the metadata to update the information we were providing regarding the forest floor data file. Additional minor metadata updates made on 05\/18\/2021.","keyword":["biota","environment","geoscientificInformation","society","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Ecology","Plant ecology","Soil","Fire","Prescribed fire","Fire effects on environment","Fire ecology","Forest & Plant Health","Human effects","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","Fort Valley Experimental Forest","Fort Valley Experimental Forest Station","Chimney Spring","Coconino National Forest","Arizona"],"spatial":"-111.75000,35.20000,-111.66000,35.28000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0036","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0036","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-05-18"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Low-density polyethylene smoke emissions from simulated debris piles","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0037","description":"This data publication contains emission factors for 195 gaseous and particulate compounds measured during the burning of three mixtures of manzanita wood and low-density polyethylene plastic (LDPE, agricultural plastic) in a laboratory. The mixtures consisted of 2 kilograms (kg) of manzanita wood paired with 0, 5 or 50 grams (gm) LDPE. Mixtures were burned in a basket and smoke was collected above the fire. A total of nine fires (3 mixtures x 3 replications) were burned on Nov. 4, 2008 using a randomized complete block design. Smoke emitted from the fires was concentrated into a small stack system from which gas and particulate samples were extracted. Various filters and real-time instruments were used to collect the emissions. Subsequent analyses of filters and gases occurred in analytical laboratories at the University of California \u2013 Riverside over several months. Emission factors are expressed relative to kg of carbon dioxide produced. The data contains information on individual compounds which can be classified into alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aldehydes, ketones, cycloalkanes, cycloalkenes, monoaromatic and polyaromatic hydrocarbons in addition to elemental carbon, organic carbon, particulate matter, carbon monoxide, and NOx.Agricultural plastic is used to keep silvicultural debris piles dry prior to being burned. The piles are typically burned with the plastic in place. This practice raised the question of the impact of including LDPE in the burning piles on the subsequent smoke emissions. This laboratory study was the first study to definitively demonstrate that inclusion of LDPE did not affect the composition of the measured emissions thus lending support to the hypothesis of no impact of the practice.","keyword":["polyethylene","smoke","manzanita","plastic","farming","biota","economy","environment","health","Environment and People","Impact of people on environment","Fire","Fire effects on environment","Prescribed fire","Smoke","Forest Products","Wood chemistry","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","San Bernardino National Forest","California"],"spatial":"-117.55000,33.50000,-116.30000,34.33333","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0037","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0037","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2018-08-21"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Historical beech and oak forests in Indiana","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0038","description":"This data publication contains a shapefile that provides tree percentages for historical beech and oak forests of Indiana. Data provided include the estimated percentage of beech, oak, ash, hickory, and sugar maple found in these forests, between 1799 and 1946, for each township in Indiana. These data were recovered, using unique GIS methods, from historical tree survey information stored in bar chart figures in Potzger et al. (1956) which presented the approximately 214,500 trees surveyed during that time period. The methods, tabular data, and findings are presented in Hanberry (2018).This purpose of this project was to 1) determine if a unique geographic information system (GIS) method could be used to reclaim information available in published figures, when associated raw data are not available, and also to generate a GIS layer for data provided in Potzger et al. (1956).","keyword":["biota","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Landscape ecology","Environment and People","Forest & Plant Health","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","ash","beech","data recovery","figure","hickory","historical forests","oak","presettlement","sugar maple","TIF","historical tree surveys","General Land Office","GLO","Public Land Survey System","PLSS","Indiana"],"spatial":"-88.10227,37.75935,-84.72428,41.77997","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0038","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0038","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2018-09-05"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Raster surfaces created from the mapping of longleaf extent and condition using Landsat and FIA data project","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0039","description":"This data publication contains nine GeoTIFF files for the Fort Stewart-Altamaha significant geographic area (SGA) in Georgia. The extent of the SGA is defined within the America\u2019s Longleaf Range-wide Conservation Plan for Longleaf (2009). A raster grid file is provided for the extent of the SGA and shows the amount of pine basal area per acre (BAA), the amount of hardwood species BAA, the amount of pine trees per acre (TPA), the amount of hardwood species TPA, dominant forest type classification, the probability of an area being composed primarily of regeneration, the probability of longleaf pine being present in an area, a raster of pine species presence or absence and a raster of hardwood species presence or absence. These raster surfaces were created using machine learning relationships between USDA Forest Service, Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) plot information (2010-2015) and normalized Landsat imagery (2013-2015) and are intended to be used to help quantify existing conditions of forested ecosystems and help prioritize longleaf restoration efforts across the four SGAs.Intended use for these datasets include: helping quantify existing conditions of forested ecosystems and helping to prioritize longleaf restoration efforts across the Fort Stewart-Altamaha significant geographic areas described in America\u2019s Longleaf Range-wide Conservation Plan for Longleaf (2009).Data were originally published on 09\/14\/2018. Minor metadata updates made on 01\/08\/2020.","keyword":["biota","Forest & Plant Health","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Natural Resource Management & Use","Wildlife (or Fauna)","longleaf pine","Pinus palustris","mapping","restoration","prioritization","Georgia"],"spatial":"-83.73000,31.25000,-80.94000,32.97000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0039","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0039","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2020-01-08"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Northern Arizona, USA, post-wildfire avian data: western bluebird detection\/non-detection and banding data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0040","description":"Western bluebird (Sialia mexicana) population data were collected in northern Arizona, USA, following two wildfires (Hochderferr Fire, Horseshoe Fire) that occurred in May and June 1996. This is a data subset consisting of 8 years of bird data collection post-wildfire (1999-2006) and 3 years of vegetation data (2002, 2005, 2006), and is part of a larger long-term data set. Data consist of detection\/non-detection data from point counts, adult banding data collecting at mist-nets and nest surveys, habitat covariates (live tree basal area, snag basal area, burn severity), and sampling covariates (time since fire, transect line, point-count data observer, sex of banded adult bird).Data were collected to estimate abundance, survival, and recruitment of western bluebirds following wildfire. Secondary cavity-nesting birds, like the western bluebird, rely on cavities in snags for nesting and protection from predators. Managers require information for predicting fire effects on avian community structure, especially in the Southwest where relatively little is known about avian responses.Metadata was published on 12\/19\/2018, but the data were under a 1 year embargo that began with the publication of Sanderlin et al. (2019), which we included reference to on 02\/05\/2019. On 02\/24\/2020 the embargo was lifted and the data associated with this package became available.","keyword":["biota","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Animal ecology","Fire","Fire ecology","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Biometrics","Monitoring","Techniques","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Birds","abundance","banding data","detection\/non-detection data","point-count data","ponderosa pine","Pinus ponderosa","recruitment","secondary cavity-nesting birds","survival","western bluebird","Sialia mexicana","wildfire","Arizona","Coconino National Forest","Flagstaff Ranger District","Southwest","United States"],"spatial":"-111.83043,35.39410,-111.65188,35.48324","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0040","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0040","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2020-02-24"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Camp Swift Fire Experiment 2014: In-situ anemometer measurements","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0041","description":"This data publication contains anemometer measurements from a set of 41 instruments collected as part of a prescribed fire research campaign conducted at the Camp Swift Military Base in Bastrop County, Texas on January 14 and 15, 2014. The Camp Swift Fire Experiment 2014 consisted of three fires ignited in burn blocks of dimensions 100 meters (m) by 100 m on January 15, 2014. Fires were ignited on relatively flat areas of grass vegetation in moderate winds. Anemometer measurements around the three burn blocks began on January 14, 2014 and continued until shortly after completion of the three burns on January 15, 2014. Each anemometer tower measures wind speed and directions, with 40 sensors mounted at 3.3-meters (m) Above Ground Level (AGL). One sensor on the downwind side of the burn blocks was mounted at 1.5-m to test the effect vegetation might have on wind. These data are used to characterize surface flow patterns before and during the burns. Cup revolutions and unit vector components were sampled at a frequency of three-seconds. Wind speed is the average speed for the entire three-second logging interval. Gust speed is the highest three-second wind recorded during the logging interval. Average direction is calculated from the average of the vector components.The objective of the research burns was to create a dataset comprised of ground based and remote sensing measurements. Quantifying the wind behavior inside the burn areas and surrounding test areas by installing wind instruments along the perimeter of the burn blocks was the overall intent of this dataset. Data gathered by these instruments showed wind behavior at the boundaries of the burn blocks and adjacent areas before, during and after the test burns. Prior to the day of ignition, fuels were cleared around wind instruments to reduce damage from fire. The placement of fire instrumentation also supplemented the data gathered by the wind instruments inside the burn blocks and a Sonic Detection and Ranging (SODAR) instrument on the west side of the burn blocks. This dataset was intended to be part of a larger dataset encompassing multiple wind height measurements from two additional SODAR, two ten-meter wind towers, and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) wind instrumentation. The data from these additional instruments could not be integrated, analyzed and published to date due to issues with quality control, data delivery and documentation. \n\nThese wind measurements were conducted, specifically, onsite in order to document the local wind environment prior to, during and after the burns. Little is understood currently about the quality and quantity of wind instrumentation required for research burns. Specifically, further analysis of these wind measurements might provide information regarding the magnitude of instrumentation required for simple scenarios and relatively flat environments such as occurred at the Camp Swift research burns. Also, wind measurements portrayed in this dataset portray ambient wind conditions around the time of the burns that can facilitate the development of model inputs. Finally, due to the relative proximity of the anemometers to the fire, there might be fire generated changes in the wind that might be observed in some of these data.A summary of the Camp Swift project can be found in the full data download (\\Supplements\\ CampSwiftFireExperiment2014_Project_Overview.pdf). A United States Forest Service ArcGIS Online interactive website is also developed to describe the study and examine the integrated data quality for the Camp Swift effort (see cross reference below). Finally, a document detailing the procedures used to set up the burn blocks can be found in the full data download (\\Supplements\\CampSwiftFireExperiment2014_BurnBlockDesign.pdf).","keyword":["Prescribed fire","Fire ecology","Fire effects on environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Fire","environment","biota","anemometer","time series","wildland fire","Camp Swift Fire Experiment 2014","wind","fire behavior","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","Texas","Camp Swift Army Base","Bastrop County"],"spatial":"-97.273264,30.243519,-97.270174,30.249620","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0041","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0041","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2018-09-26"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Camp Swift Fire Experiment 2014: Fire behavior packages and videos","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0042","description":"This data publication contains fire behavior package (FBP) data and in-situ videos collected as part of a prescribed fire research campaign conducted at the Camp Swift Military Base in Bastrop County, Texas on January 15, 2014. Fire behavior packages, cameras and flame height measurement poles were placed inside burn units on the day of ignition. Burn blocks were instrumented in similar fashion, with an equal number of sensor arrays in each burn block. Each burn block contains five FBPs, five video cameras, and five fire measurement poles with the exception of burn block 3, which had ten cameras. The FBP and cameras were located nominally 0.9-meters above ground level (AGL). Resulting data include primarily flame temperature, horizontal and vertical mass flow, fire intensity, and active-fire ground videos. Data were collected using two separate sensor systems. The first included sensor\/datalogger measurements of convective\/radiant energy, temperature and mass flow released by the fire. The second was a digital video camera housed in a fire proof enclosure that recorded visual images of the fire behavior. The video is recorded such that range poles are within the video frame. The raw data were processed using calibration data and converted into engineering units. The data provides 10 hertz fire flux measurements (kilowatts per square meter), temperature (Celsius), and mass flow (meters per second) in the vertical and horizontal direction per FBP.The objective of the research burns was to create a dataset comprised of ground based and remote sensing measurements. This data set provides in-situ time resolved measurements of radiant and convective energy transfer from the fire, horizontal, and vertical air flow, air temperature, digital video footage and coarse flame height measurements through deployment of a ground based sensor package (Fire Behavior Flux Package - FBP), digital video cameras and range poles.A summary of the Camp Swift project can be found in the full data download (\\Supplements\\ CampSwiftFireExperiment2014_Project_Overview.pdf). A United States Forest Service ArcGIS Online interactive website is also developed to describe the study and examine the integrated data quality for the Camp Swift effort (see cross reference below). Finally, a document detailing the procedures used to set up the burn blocks can be found in the full data download (\\Supplements\\CampSwiftFireExperiment2014_BurnBlockDesign.pdf).","keyword":["environment","biota","heat flux","temperature","mass flow","time series","prescribed fire","fire behavior","JFSP","Joint Fire Science Program","Camp Swift Fire Experiment 2014","wildland fire","wind","Fire effects on environment","Prescribed fire","Fire ecology","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Fire","Bastrop County","Texas","Camp Swift Army Base"],"spatial":"-97.27281,30.24535,-97.27092,30.24809","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0042","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0042","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2018-09-26"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Camp Swift Fire Experiment 2014: Vegetation map","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0043","description":"This data publication contains a vegetation map derived as part of a prescribed fire research campaign conducted at the Camp Swift Military Base in Bastrop County, Texas on January 15, 2014. The Camp Swift Fire Experiment 2014 consisted of three fires ignited in burn blocks of dimensions 100 meters (m) by 100 m on January 15, 2014. Fires were ignited on relatively flat areas of grass vegetation in moderate winds. This dataset contains a continuous vegetation map across the three Camp Swift burn blocks and the surrounding mowed areas. The vegetation map is provided as an environmental systems research institute (ESRI) file geodatabase.The objective of the research burns was to create a dataset comprised of ground based and remote sensing measurements. This dataset represents continuous maps of fuels across the three burn blocks, including the surrounding fuel breaks. This dataset is used to delineate the vegetation types found across the study area for inputs to fire behavior models. Properties of vegetation such as fuel loading, surface-to-area-volume ratio and fuel moisture contents are not explicitly associated with this dataset. These properties from the ground field samples might be allocated to the respective vegetation polygons found in this dataset for future modeling use. The dataset also provides descriptive information about burn blocks related to the extent and type of vegetation found within the three burn blocks. The purpose of this dataset was not to develop a new means to map grass, forb and herbaceous vegetation species but rather to map vegetation in the study site using all available information and established techniques.A summary of the Camp Swift project can be found in the full data download (\\Supplements\\ CampSwiftFireExperiment2014_Project_Overview.pdf). A United States Forest Service ArcGIS Online interactive website is also developed to describe the study and examine the integrated data quality for the Camp Swift effort (see cross reference below). Finally, a document detailing the procedures used to set up the burn blocks can be found in the full data download (\\Supplements\\CampSwiftFireExperiment2014_BurnBlockDesign.pdf).\n\t  \nThese data were published on 09\/26\/2018. Minor metadata updates were made on 10\/27\/2022.","keyword":["time series","Camp Swift Fire Experiment 2014","fire behavior","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","wildland fire","wind","anemometer","fuels","vegetation","vegetation mapping","little blue stem","Schizachyrium scoparium","threeawn","oldfield threeawn","Aristida oligantha","camphorweed","Heterotheca subaxillaris","Prescribed fire","Fire effects on environment","Fire","Fire ecology","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","environment","biota","Camp Swift Army Base","Texas","Bastrop County"],"spatial":"-97.27325,30.24491,-97.27038,30.24857","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0043","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0043","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-10-27"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Camp Swift Fire Experiment 2014: Field fuel samples","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0044","description":"This data publication contains fuel loading, fuel consumption, fuel moisture, and surface-area-volume ratios for vegetation samples collected as part of a prescribed fire research campaign conducted at the Camp Swift Military Base in Bastrop County, Texas on January 15, 2014. The Camp Swift Fire Experiment 2014 consisted of three fires ignited in burn blocks of dimensions 100 meters (m) by 100 m on January 15, 2014. Fires were ignited on relatively flat areas of grass vegetation in moderate winds. Fuel samples were collected using a combination of line intersect inventory, and clip plot methods. Fuel moisture samples were collected, weighed and oven dried to determine fuel moisture content by fuelbed component immediately prior to ignition. To avoid disturbing vegetation in the burn unit, samples were collected entirely outside the prescribed fire perimeters in areas determined to be most analogous to the interior of the burn units, prior to the burns. At least 15 destructive post-fire plots were established within each burn unit primarily in areas wherein an uninterrupted head fire was observed during the research burns. Post-burn plots were sampled to quantify consumption of fuels within each burn site. Sampled fuels required additional processing at a different location and were shipped for analysis. Fuel moisture sampling was conducted within 30 minutes of ignition for each burn unit. This collection time was based on the variability of the moisture content of the particular grass fuels along with required precision for these research goals.The objective of the research burns was to create a dataset comprised of ground based and remote sensing measurements. Consumption of fuel during wildland fire is the basic process that leads to heat generation and emissions, driving fire behavior and accounting for fire effects. This dataset provides measurements for the evaluation and development of fuel and fuel consumption models and other fire models that require fuel loading and fuel consumption as inputs. This dataset was not specifically collected to derive a continuous fuel map from remote sensing data and consequently there was limited integration of remote sensing and fuel sampling at Camp Swift. Nonetheless, the data contained in this data package might aid in prescribing fuel properties to fuel polygons of the three Camp Swift burn blocks.A summary of the Camp Swift project can be found in the full data download (\\Supplements\\ CampSwiftFireExperiment2014_Project_Overview.pdf). A United States Forest Service ArcGIS Online interactive website is also developed to describe the study and examine the integrated data quality for the Camp Swift effort (see cross reference below). Finally, a document detailing the procedures used to set up the burn blocks can be found in the full data download (\\Supplements\\CampSwiftFireExperiment2014_BurnBlockDesign.pdf).\n\t  \nData were originally published on 09\/26\/2018. Minor metadata updates made on 01\/08\/2020.","keyword":["Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Fire ecology","Prescribed fire","Fire","Fire effects on environment","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","Camp Swift Fire Experiment 2014","wildland fire","fire behavior","vegetation","biomass","fuel load","anemometer","wind","fuel samples","prescribed fire","fuel","time series","environment","biota","Bastrop County","Texas","Camp Swift Army Base"],"spatial":"-97.272806,30.245352,-97.270924,30.24809","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0044","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0044","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2020-01-08"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Camp Swift Fire Experiment 2014: Ignition points","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0045","description":"This data publication contains the locations of the beginning and ending of ignition points recorded as part of a prescribed fire research campaign conducted at the Camp Swift Military Base in Bastrop County, Texas on January 15, 2014. The Camp Swift Fire Experiment 2014 consisted of three fires ignited in burn blocks of dimensions 100 meters (m) by 100 m on January 15, 2014. Fires were ignited on relatively flat areas of grass vegetation in moderate winds. Additionally, ignition times are contained within this information along with information on pre-wetting fuels and accuracy of the recorded global positioning system (GPS) points. Pre-wetting the ignition line location with fuels directly prior to igniting the line with a drip torch was the method employed to attempt to achieve desired burn objectives. The designed firing protocol used a single strip lighting pattern with a center point ignition, from two individuals, continuing in opposite directions along the pre-wetted area. Compensating for wind directional changes, ignition points were placed at a right angle to the wind not necessarily the center points of the burn blocks.The objective of the research burns was to create a dataset comprised of ground based and remote sensing measurements. A rapidly developing and uniform head fire spreading in the wind direction was the objective of the ignition procedure. This dataset represents the locations of the middle and two end points of each ignition line for the three main burn blocks burned during the Camp Swift effort. Each point contains additional information about the accuracy of recorded positions, pre-wetting times, and ignition times.A summary of the Camp Swift project can be found in the full data download (\\Supplements\\ CampSwiftFireExperiment2014_Project_Overview.pdf). A United States Forest Service ArcGIS Online interactive website is also developed to describe the study and examine the integrated data quality for the Camp Swift effort (see cross reference below). Finally, a document detailing the procedures used to set up the burn blocks can be found in the full data download (\\Supplements\\CampSwiftFireExperiment2014_BurnBlockDesign.pdf).","keyword":["environment","biota","ignition","time series","prescribed fire","fire behavior","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","Camp Swift Fire Experiment 2014","wildland fire","wind","Fire effects on environment","Prescribed fire","Fire ecology","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Fire","environment","biota","Bastrop County","Texas","Camp Swift Army Base"],"spatial":"-97.27314,30.24583,-97.27136,30.24837","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0045","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0045","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2018-09-26"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Camp Swift Fire Experiment 2014: Active fire unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) electro-optical aerial imagery and video","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0046","description":"This data publication contains active-fire electro-optical (EO) videos and georeferenced individual video frames collected as part of a prescribed fire research campaign conducted at the Camp Swift Military Base in Bastrop County, Texas on January 15, 2014. The Camp Swift Fire Experiment 2014 consisted of three fires ignited in burn blocks of dimensions 100 meters (m) by 100 m on January 15, 2014. Fires were ignited on relatively flat areas of grass vegetation in moderate winds. Unmanned aerial vehicle EO active-fire video was recorded during each of the three fires. The video and image stills contained within this data package were collected with a Cloud Cap Goodrich TASE200 EO\/Infrared (IR) unit mounted on an MLB Company SuperBat III unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). All active-fire videos were collected at an oblique angle. Still images from the active-fire video were exported and georeferenced using a set of ground-control points around each burn block.The objective of the research burns was to create a dataset comprised of ground based and remote sensing measurements. This dataset represents active-fire aerial videos and individual georeferenced video frames of the burn blocks acquired with an Electro-Optical (EO) sensor mounted on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The data contained with this package were collected to assess the possibility of recording active-fire information using video recorded in the visible spectrum. Active-fire imagery was also acquired at Camp Swift to assess the ability of the sensors to provide a better interpretation of ground measurements. For example, if it is not known if a particular set of instruments were in flanking versus heading versus merging fire lines, it is uncertain how to use the measured data for validation since the predicted global behavior might be wrong.A summary of the Camp Swift project can be found in the full data download (\\Supplements\\ CampSwiftFireExperiment2014_Project_Overview.pdf). A United States Forest Service ArcGIS Online interactive website is also developed to describe the study and examine the integrated data quality for the Camp Swift effort (see cross reference below). Finally, a document detailing the procedures used to set up the burn blocks can be found in the full data download (\\Supplements\\CampSwiftFireExperiment2014_BurnBlockDesign.pdf).","keyword":["environment","biota","imageryBaseMapsEarthCover","remote sensing","aerial imagery","unmanned aerial vehicle","UAS","electro-optical","JFSP","Joint Fire Science Program","Camp Swift Fire Experiment 2014","active-fire","UAV","fire behavior","wildland fire","wind","unmanned aerial vehicle","Fire effects on environment","Prescribed fire","Fire ecology","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Fire","Bastrop County","Texas","Camp Swift Army Base"],"spatial":"-97.275162,30.244704,-97.27847,30.248779","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0046","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0046","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2018-09-27"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Camp Swift Fire Experiment 2014: Active fire unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) infrared aerial imagery and video","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0047","description":"This data publication contains active-fire infrared (IR) videos and georeferenced individual video frames collected as part of a prescribed fire research campaign conducted at the Camp Swift Military Base in Bastrop County, Texas on January 15, 2014. The Camp Swift Fire Experiment 2014 consisted of three fires ignited in burn blocks of dimensions 100 meters (m) by 100 m on January 15, 2014. Fires were ignited on relatively flat areas of grass vegetation in moderate winds. Unmanned aerial vehicle EO active-fire video was recorded during each of the three fires. The video and image stills contained within this data package were collected with a Cloud Cap Goodrich TASE200 Electro-Optical(EO)\/IR unit mounted on a MLB Company SuperBat III unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). All active-fire videos where collected at an oblique angle. Still images from the active-fire video were exported and georeferenced using a set of ground-control points around each burn block.The objective of the research burns was to create a dataset comprised of ground based and remote sensing measurements. This dataset represents active-fire aerial imagery and videos of the burn block areas acquired with an infrared (IR) sensor mounted on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The data contained with this package was collected to assess the possibility of recording active-fire information using video recorded in the infrared (IR) spectrum. Active-fire imagery was also acquired at Camp Swift to assess the ability of the sensors to provide a better interpretation of ground measurements. For example, if it is not known if a particular set of instruments were in flanking versus heading versus merging fire lines, it is uncertain how to use the measured data for validation since the predicted global behavior might be wrong.A summary of the Camp Swift project can be found in the full data download (\\Supplements\\ CampSwiftFireExperiment2014_Project_Overview.pdf). A United States Forest Service ArcGIS Online interactive website is also developed to describe the study and examine the integrated data quality for the Camp Swift effort (see cross reference below). Finally, a document detailing the procedures used to set up the burn blocks can be found in the full data download (\\Supplements\\CampSwiftFireExperiment2014_BurnBlockDesign.pdf).","keyword":["environment","biota","imageryBaseMapsEarthCover","remote sensing","aerial imagery","unmanned aerial vehicle","infrared","IR","UAS","electro-optical","JFSP","Joint Fire Science Program","Camp Swift Fire Experiment 2014","active-fire","UAV","fire behavior","wildland fire","wind","unmanned aerial vehicle","Fire effects on environment","Prescribed fire","Fire ecology","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Fire","Bastrop County","Texas","Camp Swift Army Base"],"spatial":"-97.275162,30.244704,-97.27847,30.248779","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0047","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0047","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2018-09-27"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Camp Swift Fire Experiment 2014: Post-fire unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0048","description":"This data publication contains raw and georeferenced post-fire aerial imagery collected as part of a prescribed fire research campaign conducted at the Camp Swift Military Base in Bastrop County, Texas on January 15, 2014. The Camp Swift Fire Experiment 2014 consisted of three fires ignited in burn blocks of dimensions 100 meters (m) by 100 m on January 15, 2014. Fires were ignited on relatively flat areas of grass vegetation in moderate winds. Post-fire aerial imagery was collected from a Canon\u00a9T3i mounted on a MLB Company SuperBat III unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) after completion of the three burns. This data package contains five distinct georeferenced post-fire images and one mosaiced image of these five distinct images covering the three burn blocks.The objective of the research burns was to create a dataset comprised of ground based and remote sensing measurements. The dataset referenced here represents post-fire aerial imagery of the burn block area and surrounding fuel breaks and was acquired with an UAV. This imagery was collected to portray post-fire conditions within the three Camp Swift burn blocks. Select images of the burn blocks were georeferenced to allow for delineation of fuels or lack thereof, present on the study site. Also, this post-fire imagery also portrays the location of field sampled vegetation conditions for threeawn, which is not portrayed in the raw or georeferenced pre-fire imagery.A summary of the Camp Swift project can be found in the full data download (\\Supplements\\ CampSwiftFireExperiment2014_Project_Overview.pdf). A United States Forest Service ArcGIS Online interactive website is also developed to describe the study and examine the integrated data quality for the Camp Swift effort (see cross reference below). Finally, a document detailing the procedures used to set up the burn blocks can be found in the full data download (\\Supplements\\CampSwiftFireExperiment2014_BurnBlockDesign.pdf).","keyword":["environment","biota","imageryBaseMapsEarthCover","remote sensing","multispectral","aerial imagery","multispectral imagery","unmanned aerial vehicle","JFSP","Joint Fire Science Program","Camp Swift Fire Experiment 2014","UAS","UAV","fire behavior","remote sensing","pre-fire","wildland fire","wind","Fire effects on environment","Prescribed fire","Fire ecology","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Fire","Bastrop County","Texas","Camp Swift Army Base"],"spatial":"-97.273250,30.244906,-97.270376,30.248573","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0048","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0048","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2018-09-26"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Camp Swift Fire Experiment 2014: Pre-fire unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0049","description":"This data publication contains raw and georeferenced pre-fire aerial imagery collected as part of a prescribed fire research campaign conducted at the Camp Swift Military Base in Bastrop County, Texas on January 15, 2014. The Camp Swift Fire Experiment 2014 consisted of three fires ignited in burn blocks of dimensions 100 meters (m) by 100 m on January 15, 2014. Fires were ignited on relatively flat areas of grass vegetation in moderate winds. Pre-fire aerial imagery was collected from a Canon\u00a9T3i mounted on a MLB Company SuperBat III unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) before the three burns on January 14, 2014. This data package contains five distinct georeferenced pre-fire images and one mosaiced image of these five distinct images covering the three burn blocks.The objective of the research burns was to create a dataset comprised of ground based and remote sensing measurements. The dataset referenced here represents pre-fire aerial imagery of the burn block area and surrounding fuel breaks and was acquired with an UAV. Select images of the burn blocks were georeferenced to allow for delineation of fuels or lack thereof, present on the study site. Vegetative fuels can affect fire behavior and are important inputs to fire models. Additionally, non-georeferenced images, outside the burns blocks, provide a visual description of the study area.A summary of the Camp Swift project can be found in the full data download (\\Supplements\\ CampSwiftFireExperiment2014_Project_Overview.pdf). A United States Forest Service ArcGIS Online interactive website is also developed to describe the study and examine the integrated data quality for the Camp Swift effort (see cross reference below). Finally, a document detailing the procedures used to set up the burn blocks can be found in the full data download (\\Supplements\\CampSwiftFireExperiment2014_BurnBlockDesign.pdf).","keyword":["environment","biota","imageryBaseMapsEarthCover","UAS","JFSP","Joint Fire Science Program","Camp Swift Fire Experiment 2014","UAV","unmanned aerial vehicle","fire behavior","remote sensing","multispectral","aerial imagery","multispectral imagery","unmanned aerial system","wildland fire","wind","pre-fire","Fire effects on environment","Prescribed fire","Fire ecology","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Fire","Bastrop County","Texas","Camp Swift Army Base"],"spatial":"-97.275162,30.244704,-97.268470,30.248779","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0049","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0049","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2018-09-27"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Camp Swift Fire Experiment 2014: Instrument locations","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0050","description":"This data publication contains the location of instruments placed in the field as part of a prescribed fire research campaign conducted at the Camp Swift Military Base in Bastrop County, Texas on January 15, 2014. The Camp Swift Fire Experiment 2014 consisted of three fires ignited in burn blocks of dimensions 100 meters (m) by 100 m on January 15, 2014. Fires were ignited on relatively flat areas of grass vegetation in moderate winds. This dataset represents the locations of 289 ground instruments placed during the research burns. Each point contains additional information about the instrument geographic setup, and accuracy of recorded positions. Data associated with each instrument are available in separate data packages within the Forest Service Research Data Archive.The objective of the research burns was to create a dataset comprised of ground based and remote sensing measurements. Recording of instrument locations was conducted so that individual measurements can be co-located in space with all other measurements. The majority of the instrument locations were documented with a GEOXH GeoExplorer 6000 series Trimble - differential Global Positioning System (GPS) unit. Post-processing of GPS collected data was done in Pathfinder Office 5.4. A minimum of four satellites were required for recording GPS points found in this dataset. The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Smart Setting for position dilution of precision (PDOP), signal to noise ratio (SNR) and estimate of horizontal error (EHE) on the Trimble unit was selected for this site, requiring no adjustments of settings within the study area. Wide Area Augmentation Systems (WAAS) along with post-processing enhanced the precision of the data derived. A custom data dictionary for field collection was created to facilitate data collection. Locations of specific thermocouples on the rake were determined based on the thermocouple spacing and the beginning location of each thermocouple rake as recorded with a Garmin GPS unit by the Camp Swift Fire Experiment 2014, Fire Behavior Group.A summary of the Camp Swift project can be found in the full data download (\\Supplements\\ CampSwiftFireExperiment2014_Project_Overview.pdf). A United States Forest Service ArcGIS Online interactive website is also developed to describe the study and examine the integrated data quality for the Camp Swift effort (see cross reference below). Finally, a document detailing the procedures used to set up the burn blocks can be found in the full data download (\\Supplements\\CampSwiftFireExperiment2014_BurnBlockDesign.pdf).","keyword":["environment","biota","fire behavior","time series","JFSP","Joint Fire Science Program","Camp Swift Fire Experiment 2014","Sound Detection and Ranging","SODAR","anemometer","thermocouple","thermocouple rake","range pole","wildland fire","wind","Fire effects on environment","Prescribed fire","Fire ecology","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Fire","Bastrop County","Texas","Camp Swift Army Base"],"spatial":"-97.275162,30.244704,-97.268470,30.248779","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0050","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0050","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2018-09-27"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Camp Swift Fire Experiment 2014: SODAR measurements","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0051","description":"This data publication contains measurements from a Sound Detecting and Ranging (SODAR) unit collected as part of a prescribed fire research campaign conducted at the Camp Swift Military Base in Bastrop County, Texas on January 15, 2014. The Camp Swift Fire Experiment 2014 consisted of three fires ignited in burn blocks of dimensions 100 meters (m) by 100 m on January 15, 2014. Fires were ignited on relatively flat areas of grass vegetation in moderate winds. A Sound Detecting and Ranging (SODAR) unit gathers wind speed and directionality from the sound waves, initially emitted by the SODAR to the atmosphere, that are reflected by the air flow above the unit. Prior to the day of ignition fuels were cleared around the SODAR to reduce damage from fire. These data were recorded from an Atmospheric Research & technology, LLC model VT-1 profiler SODAR system installed on the western edge of the burn blocks, in the middle of burn block 2. The unit collected vertical profile data prior to, during and after each of the burns. The SODAR provided 10-minute averages of wind direction, and speed at 10-m vertical intervals from 30-m to 250-m. Signal dropout with these data appeared to occur at 110-m and above. Included in this data publication (\\Supplements\\InstrumentSpecifications.pdf) is a document that contains more information on the instrument specification and accuracies.The objective of the research burns was to create a dataset comprised of ground based and remote sensing measurements. Data gathered by these instruments showed wind behavior at the western boundary of the burn blocks before, during and after the burns. The placement of fire instrumentation also supplemented the data gathered by the wind instruments inside the burn blocks and the anemometers deployed around the burn blocks. This dataset was intended to be part of a larger data set encompassing multiple wind height measurements from two additional SODAR, two ten-meter wind towers, and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) wind instrumentation. The data from these additional instruments could not be integrated, analyzed and published to date due to issues with data collection and documentation. \n\nThese wind measurements were conducted, specifically, onsite in order to document the local wind environment prior to, during and after the burns. Little is understood currently about the quality and quantity of wind instrumentation required for prescribed burns. Specifically, further analysis of these wind measurements might provide information regarding the magnitude of instrumentation required for simple scenarios and relatively flat environments such as occurred at the Camp Swift research burns. Also, wind measurements contained in this dataset portray ambient wind conditions around the time of the burns that might facilitate the development of model inputs. This dataset contains SODAR wind measurements from 30-m to approximately 140 m above the instrument.A summary of the Camp Swift project can be found in the full data download (\\Supplements\\ CampSwiftFireExperiment2014_Project_Overview.pdf). A United States Forest Service ArcGIS Online interactive website is also developed to describe the study and examine the integrated data quality for the Camp Swift effort (see cross reference below). Finally, a document detailing the procedures used to set up the burn blocks can be found in the full data download (\\Supplements\\CampSwiftFireExperiment2014_BurnBlockDesign.pdf).","keyword":["environment","biota","time series","wind","SODAR","wildland fire","thermocouple rakes","sound detecting and ranging","anemometer","fire behavior","JFSP","Joint Fire Science Program","Camp Swift Fire Experiment 2014","Fire effects on environment","Prescribed fire","Fire ecology","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Fire","Bastrop County","Texas","Camp Swift Army Base"],"spatial":"-97.272417,30.246355,-97.272417,30.246355","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0051","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0051","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2018-09-27"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Camp Swift Fire Experiment 2014: Thermocouple rakes","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0052","description":"This data publication contains thermocouple data collected as part of a prescribed fire research campaign conducted at the Camp Swift Military Base in Bastrop County, Texas on January 15, 2014. The Camp Swift Fire Experiment 2014 consisted of three fires ignited in burn blocks of dimensions 100 meters (m) by 100 m on January 15, 2014. Fires were ignited on relatively flat areas of grass vegetation in moderate winds. Each of the three burn blocks had four thermocouple rakes installed in pairs, end to end. Each rake had sixteen thermocouples installed. Measurements were obtained from before the fire front passed the rake until after the fire burned the entire burn block. Measurements were logged at 30 hertz (Hz). These data contain a feature class for each distinct thermocouple rake that recorded data at the Camp Swift Fire Experiment 2014. Some thermocouples were damaged and did not collect data as noted in the data quality section of the metadata.The objective of the research burns was to create a dataset comprised of ground based and remote sensing measurements. There is a distinct dataset within this data publication for each thermocouple rake. This was the first deployment of this instrument and as such the deployment was experimental. The thermocouple rakes were aligned in a manner such that the hope was the head fire would pass through the instruments, perpendicularly. This arrangement was to examine the use of the instruments for measuring fire rate of spread. Other uses of the data could be possible but are not known at this time.A summary of the Camp Swift project can be found in the full data download (\\Supplements\\ CampSwiftFireExperiment2014_Project_Overview.pdf). A United States Forest Service ArcGIS Online interactive website is also developed to describe the study and examine the integrated data quality for the Camp Swift effort (see cross reference below). Finally, a document detailing the procedures used to set up the burn blocks can be found in the full data download (\\Supplements\\CampSwiftFireExperiment2014_BurnBlockDesign.pdf).","keyword":["environment","biota","fire behavior","time series","anemometer","wildland fire","wind","thermocouple","thermocouple rakes","JFSP","Joint Fire Science Program","Camp Swift Fire Experiment 2014","Fire effects on environment","Prescribed fire","Fire ecology","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Fire","Bastrop County","Texas","Camp Swift Army Base"],"spatial":"-97.271289,30.245249,-97.271280,30.245275","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0052","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0052","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2018-09-27"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Tree survival and growth as well as soil characteristics resulting from logging residue levels and site preparation treatments on Trout Creek Hill Units 1-3, Wind River Experimental Forest","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0053","description":"Three units of old-growth timber were cable logged in 1974-1975 on Trout Creek Hill, Wind River Experimental Forest in southwestern Washington to test the effects of retaining different levels of logging residue and the effectiveness of 5 site preparation treatments on the growth and survival of containerized and bareroot stock types of Douglas-fir seedlings with different planting methods (hoe versus shovel). Details regarding the management of the logging residue via timber sale contracts and the costs of achieving the goals were published (Adams 1980a and Adams 1980b). Each of the three units, which represented different levels of logging residue, were divided into 15 plots. This data publication contains the subplot-level data collected in each 5 acre treatment plot such as tree height, diameter, and conditions noted 3, 10, and 20 years after planting. In addition to these data, some chemical and physical soil characteristics were subsampled in 1999. The 20-year survival, growth, and soil characteristics of this study were reported in Piatek et al. 2003.Researchers wanted to test the effects of various methods of establishing young-growth plantations after logging stands of old growth.Data were originally published on 09\/20\/2018. On 06\/01\/2021 minor metadata updates were made.","keyword":["farming","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Soil","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","site preparation","logging residues","broadcast burning","scarification","machine pile and burn","hand pile and burn","organic matter","soil nitrogen","soil carbon","soil phosphorus","bulk density","tree height","silviculture","Douglas-fir","Pseudotsuga menziesii","western hemlock","Tsuga heterophylla","Pacific silver fir","Abies amabilis","western white pine","Pinus monticola","lodgepole pine","Pinus contorta","grand fir","Abies grandis","noble fir","Abies procera","Wind River Experimental Forest","southwest Washington","Washington","Trout Creek Hill","Gifford Pinchot National Forest","Mt. Adams Ranger District"],"spatial":"-122.00000,44.81000,-121.00000,45.85000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0053","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0053","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-06-01"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Coulee Experimental Forest nursery stock measurements, 1961-1962","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0054","description":"Nursery stock measurement data were recorded in May 1961 for 190 trees to be used in a spring 1961 planting on the Coulee Experimental Forest in La Crosse County, Wisconsin. These data were collected for each tree species and age class over the course of a few days. Data collected included: length of top and root, diameter of stem at ground level, top and root green weight, and top and root weight after oven drying. Comparable data were collected in May 1962 on 150 nursery stock trees to be used in a 1962 planting on the Coulee Experimental Forest.In spring 1961, trees were planted in 6 different plots to facilitate studies on: the survival of various species and age classes of conifers; reduction of transpiration through the use of retardants or shading; snow accumulation and disappearance; interception, depth, duration, and type of soil freezing; runoff and erosion; water quality on different slopes, aspects, and topographic positions; litter accumulation; and physical and chemical changes in soils and changes in infiltration rates. \n\nIn spring 1962, trees were planted in 4 additional plots to facilitate studies on: ground preparation and survival for red pine on steep, abandoned farmland; the survival of various species and age classes of conifers; reduction of transpiration through the use of retardants; and survival of various tree species and direct seeding on favorable conditions.Original metadata date was 09\/27\/2018. Minor metadates updates were made on 02\/20\/2019, which included additional information being added to the data set credit section. Additional minor metadata updates were made on 11\/13\/2019.","keyword":["biota","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Plant ecology","Forest & Plant Health","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Resource inventory","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","Timber","nursery stock","Austrian pine","European larch","jack pine","Norway spruce","ponderosa pine","red cedar","red pine","scotch pine","Scots pine","white ash","white pine","white spruce","Coulee Experimental Forest","La Crosse","Wisconsin"],"spatial":"-91.05602,43.83019,-91.00048,43.87003","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0054","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0054","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2019-11-13"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Douglas-fir levels of growing stock study (LOGS) data from the Pacific Northwest","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0055","description":"A regional cooperative study, known as the Douglas-fir levels of growing stock study (LOGS), began in 1961 in Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia with a total of nine study areas. The program objective was to determine the relationships between volume growth, basal area growth, and diameter growth, to growing stock levels for a standard set of eight thinning regimes in Douglas-fir stands 20-40 feet tall and continued through 60 feet of height growth. This data publication contains the 1961-2006 data for the three study areas maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station: Iron Creek, Rocky Brook, and Stampede Creek. Tree measurement data from all planned measurements are included plus some additional measurements beyond the planned measurement schedule. Data include, but are not limited to, tree height, diameter at breast height, height of the live crown from the ground, crown class, damage codes, and species.The LOGS study was not a comparison of operational thinning regimes, but was designed to establish relationships between growth and growing stock. The most effective use of applying LOGS study results will probably be their use, in conjunction with other data, in construction and refinement of stand simulators or other growth relationships. The LOGS study provides a unique set of high-quality data from young stands maintained at relatively low densities; a condition which was not common when the study was established.","keyword":["farming","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","thinning trial","calibration thinning","repeated thinning","tree growth","stand growth","tree height","tree diameter","wood production","tree size development","silviculture","Douglas-fir","Pseudotsuga menseizii","regional cooperative","crown class","mixed-conifer zone","Douglas-fir type","Olympic National Forest","Hood Canal Ranger District (formerly Quilcene Ranger District)","Olympic Peninsula","southern Washington Cascades","Gifford Pinchot National Forest","Cowlitz Valley Ranger District (formerly Randle Ranger District)","Umpqua National Forest","Tiller Ranger District","southwest Oregon","Oregon","Washington"],"spatial":"-121.9,42.0,-123.2,48.0","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0055","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0055","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2018-09-28"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Fire Behavior Assessment Team: plot location data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0056","description":"This data publication contains the location data for the plots in which pre- and\/or post-fire fuels, and fire behavior data were collected by the Fire Behavior Assessment Team (FBAT) on a subset of wildland fires in the United States from 2003-2017. Logistics (proximity to instrumentation\/crew members), funding, fire activity, and monitoring questions influenced the geographic regions and fires where sampling was attempted, for instance, fuel treatments recorded in the Forest Service Activity Tracking System (FACTS), as well as tree mortality areas, were each targets for FBAT sampling in the past. FBAT is an interagency group of primarily Forest Service employees with both monitoring and fireline qualifications which collects pre- and post-fire fuels and tree data along with fire behavior measurements on wildland fires. This package contains a shapefile for each fire that includes the point locations of each plot. The fuels and fire behavior data are archived separately.The purpose of these data is to provide the location data for spatial applications of the FBAT fuels\/fire behavior\/fire severity datasets.For more information about FBAT data see: https:\/\/www.fs.fed.us\/adaptivemanagement\/projects_main_fbat.php. \n\nData were originally published on 10\/03\/2018. Minor metadata updates were made on 06\/13\/2019. On 04\/16\/2020 minor updates were made to the metadata and these data were updated to include fires through 2019, which included: Alder (2019) and Walker (2019). On 12\/03\/2020 this data publication was updated to include a supplemental file that provides a diagram of the FBAT plot layout and a brief list of key method changes throughout the years FBAT has taken data to present (2020).","keyword":["environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Fire","Fire ecology","Fire effects on environment","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Fire","Fire ecology","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","location data","plot center","GPS","GNSS","fuels","fire behavior","fire severity","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","United States","California","Montana","Idaho","Arizona","Wyoming","Georgia"],"spatial":"-127.972202,22.765684,-65.258792,51.632799","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0056","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0056","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2020-12-03"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Fire Behavior Assessment Team: pre- and post-fire tree data, raw and processed","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0057","description":"This data publication contains the raw and processed tree\/canopy fuels data pre- and post-fire collected by the Fire Behavior Assessment Team (FBAT) on wildland fires in the United States from 2003-2017. Logistics (proximity to instrumentation\/crew members), funding, fire activity, and monitoring questions influenced the geographic regions and fires where sampling was attempted, for instance, fuel treatments recorded in the Forest Service Activity Tracking System (FACTS), as well as tree mortality areas, were each targets for FBAT sampling in the past. FBAT is an interagency group of primarily Forest Service employees with both monitoring and fireline qualifications which collects pre- and post-fire fuels and tree data along with fire behavior measurements on wildland fires. Data include raw tree data (measurements collected from the field), processed data (stand characteristics and canopy fuels variables) computed using the Forest Vegetation Simulator (FVS), and key documents pertaining to the methods so that others could replicate or modify data post-processing. The location (GPS) data, surface fuels and fire behavior data are archived separately.These data are collected by the FBAT team to provide measures of pre-fire fuels\/vegetation, active fire behavior (with sensors in the fire), and post-fire fuels\/vegetation conditions during wildfires and prescribed fires for improving understanding and tools related to fire behavior and fire effects.For more information about FBAT data see: https:\/\/www.fs.usda.gov\/adaptivemanagement\/projects_main_fbat.php.\n\t  \nThese data were published on 10\/03\/2018. On 12\/03\/2020 this data publication was updated to include a supplemental file that provides a diagram of the FBAT plot layout and a brief list of key method changes throughout the years FBAT has taken data to present (2020). On 01\/30\/2024, we have added ACCDB files (updated Access format) for all MDB files. A few minor metadata updates were also made at this time, which included updating all fs.fed.us URLs.","keyword":["environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Fire","Fire ecology","Fire effects on environment","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Fire","Fire ecology","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","fuels","canopy fuels","stand characteristics","tree","fire severity","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","United States","California","Montana","Idaho","Arizona","Wyoming","Georgia"],"spatial":"-127.972202,22.765684,-65.258792,51.632799","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0057","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0057","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-01-30"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Dynamic species-specific metabolic changes in the trees exposed to chronic N+S additions at the Bear Brook Watershed in Maine, USA","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0058","description":"Increased deposition of atmospheric nitrogen leads to changes in forest productivity. Effects of added nitrogen+sulfur (N+S) on tree physiology and forest health will yield information on species-specific sensitivity to N+S. To evaluate these metabolic changes we compared foliage (from 1998-2000 and again in 2013) and sapwood (only in 2013) from American beech, sugar maple and red spruce at West Bear Watershed (WBW) in Maine, that have been treated with (NH4)2SO4 (ammonium sulfate) since 1989 with that from the East Bear Watershed in Maine, which served as an untreated reference (Minocha et al. 2019). Included in this package are the results of these data analyzed for polyamines (PA), amino acids (AA), perchloric acid (PCA) soluble ions, total chlorophyll and soluble proteins using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry (ICP), and absorption spectrometry methods.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term metabolic effects of chronic nitrogen+sulfur (N+S) additions on foliage and sapwood of American beech, sugar maple and red spruce at the Bear Brook Watershed in Maine, USA.For more details about this study and the Bear Brook Watershed in Maine see: https:\/\/umaine.edu\/bbwm\/.\n\nOriginal metadata date was 11\/15\/2018. Minor metadata updates were made on 04\/09\/2019.","keyword":["environment","Climate change","Ecological adaptation","Forest & Plant Health","Climate effects","foliar physiology","nitrogen plus sulfur addition","red spruce","Picea rubens","sugar maple","Acer saccharum","American beech","Fagus grandifolia","Maine","Bear Brook Watershed"],"spatial":"-68.11113,44.85950,-68.10480,44.86283","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0058","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0058","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2019-04-09"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04"],"programCode":["010:164"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Effects of single and repeat wildfires on forest structure and fuels in the South Fork Flathead watershed within the Bob Marshall Wilderness","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0059","description":"Wilderness areas offer value to society as a source of scientific information. In 2011, 2012, and 2015 we collected data on tree stands, seedling and sapling regeneration, fuel loads, and ground cover on up to 30 sites within South Fork Flathead River Valley of the Bob Marshall Wilderness in Montana. All 30 sites had burned within the last decade, which allowed for investigation into the drivers of fire effects that produce heterogeneous post-fire tree and stand-level mortality. Tree survival 8\u201313 years after fire depended on complex interactions between species, size, and initial burn severity. Following the initial round of data collection, 10 sites reburned. These sites were directly across the Flathead River from 10 sites that remained once-burned, which allowed us to quantify the effects of a recent reburn on forest structure and fuels using a before-after-control-impact study design. Data include tree stand data, regeneration data, fuels, and estimates of ground cover. Managers can use this data set to inform the design and monitoring of forest landscape restoration prescriptions.To quantify the effects of an initial fire and subsequent reburn on forest structure and fuels, as well as the drivers of tree mortality on an individual tree and community level.","keyword":["biota","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Ecology","Landscape ecology","Fire","Fire ecology","Natural Resource Management & Use","Wilderness","wilderness management","wildland fire use","reburns","fire effects","fire management","JFSP","Joint Fire Science Program","Damnation Creek","South Fork Flathead","Bob Marshall Wilderness","Montana"],"spatial":"-113.36397,47.57597,-113.27022,47.66871","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0059","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0059","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2018-10-18"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Data from the \"Tree Quality Outcomes of Silvicultural Treatments\u201d study at the Penobscot Experimental Forest","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0060","description":"This data publication contains tree quality assessments from the Penobscot Experimental Forest (PEF) in Bradley and Eddington, Maine, USA. Trees were assessed using one or more of the following criteria: merchantable or unmerchantable (cull); acceptable growing stock (AGS) or unacceptable growing stock (UGS); and by tree form and risk codes. AGS trees are those that observers expected to maintain or increase in value; UGS are high risk or low quality trees not expected to maintain or increase in value (individual protocols used for datasets being presented are described in detail in the Methodology section of this publication). Data presented in this publication were collected by researchers at the U.S. Forest Service (FS), Northern Research Station, and University of Maine (UM) School of Forest Resources in permanent sample plots (PSP) between 2012 and 2015. All data were collected in management units (MUs) assigned to either the Compartment Management Study (CMS) or the Management Intensity Demonstration (MID) at the PEF, both of which are long-term studies.As tree quality inevitably relates to past silvicultural treatments and stand history, tracking the outcomes of management activities informs land managers of the potential benefits or disadvantages of various silvicultural prescriptions. Because silvicultural treatments have been applied in the study areas on the PEF since the 1950s, tree quality outcomes are related to the silvicultural prescriptions over the past half-century, providing managers information about potential outcomes in similar environs. Furthermore, the ability to assist land managers in determining the proportion of trees of different quality categories can not only help determine potential income from forest management but also inform important considerations such as wildlife habitat, nutrient recycling, or structural diversity.We strongly recommend that users read the accompanying documentation provided with the full data publication download before proceeding with data summary or analysis. Refer to the Entity and Attributes section of the metadata for a list of commonly used acronyms and abbreviations.\n\t  \nOriginal metadata date was 11\/13\/2018. Minor metadata updates on 09\/06\/2019.","keyword":["biota","Forest & Plant Health","Botany","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","Timber","silviculture","species composition","timber supply","forest stand dynamics","tree height","tree quality","growing stock","acceptable growing stock","unacceptable growing stock","merchantable","submerchantable","cull","pulp","balsam fir","red spruce","woody plants","Penobscot Experimental Forest","Maine"],"spatial":"-68.64430,44.82690,-68.58620,44.87260","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0060","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0060","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2019-09-06"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Public purpose recreation marketing data: public and public lands relationships in a 1999 study of Oregon and Washington","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0061","description":"In 1999 a case study was conducted to test the application of a marketing approach to public land management. A region-wide revision in the existing fee program in the Pacific Northwest region of the Forest Service, specifically Oregon and Washington, provided an opportunity to test this application (Borrie et al. 2002). Telephone interviews were conducted with a random selection of residents in Oregon and Washington who lived in a household with a functional telephone. Questions were in the context of recreation fees on lands managed by the USDA Forest Service and included questions related to trust, commitment, social responsibility and support as well as opinions on funding sources and fee rates. This data publication includes data from the 1999 phone interviews as well as the marketing segmentation analysis data found in Borrie et al. 2002.In the late 1990s, the USDA Forest Service launched a national experiment to test the application of marketing principles to programs and program development. A substantial amount of learning occurred as a team of scientists, planners, managers and marketing experts proceeded through the steps of marketing. The purpose of this project was to present some of that learning related to a chosen method of segmentation and market positioning for federal public land management, through a case study of the residents of Oregon and Washington.","keyword":["segmentation","recreation fees","social responsibility","non-economic criteria","public sector","boundaries","location","society","Environment and People","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Pacific Northwest","Oregon","Washington"],"spatial":"-124.75136,41.99124,-116.46767,49.03705","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0061","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0061","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2018-11-27"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Okefenokee Wilderness: data from a 2001 study of visitor characteristics, perceptions, and management preferences","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0062","description":"The Okefenokee Wilderness, which is within the Okefenokee National Wildlife Refuge in southern Georgia, has several characteristics that make it an ideal laboratory to study the interactions between recreationists and the natural environment. Wilderness managers at Okefenokee have adopted regulations that lead overnight visitors to expect and receive high-quality experiences of solitude. Negatives of this approach are that freedom of movement and exploration of the wilderness are highly restricted; many of those seeking overnight permits are denied them, and interaction with unrestricted day users is generally negative. Managers wanted to assess visitor opinions about management and use of the Okefenokee, and gain information on the characteristics and experiences of visitors. This data publication contains data from the 1999-2001 study composed of research aimed to answer those managerial questions.This study\u2019s research objectives were:\n1.\tTo describe Okefenokee use and activities among boaters.\n2.\tTo identify attitudes about wildlife refuges and wilderness, and support for management actions among wilderness visitors.\n3.\tTo assess knowledge of wilderness philosophy, concepts, and values among various visitor groups, including those who receive a wilderness interpretive program and those who do not.\n4.\tTo determine the extent to which wilderness visitors experience solitude and primitive and unconfined recreation.\n5.\tTo identify the extent of conflict among various user groups.\n6.\tTo describe the socio-demographic characteristics of wilderness visitors.","keyword":["biota","economy","inlandWaters","location","planningCadastre","society","transportation","Environment and People","Decision making, public involvement","Recreation","Natural Resource Management & Use","Wilderness","visitors","visitor attitude","visitor experience","day use","overnight use","conflict","conditions","resource use","management","management planning","solitude","Okefenokee Wilderness","Okefenokee National Wildlife Refuge","Georgia","Folkston","Suwannee Canal Recreation Area","Kingfisher Landing","Stephen C. Foster State Park"],"spatial":"-82.55105,30.54709,-82.07151,31.06693","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0062","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0062","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2018-11-20"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Groundwater level data for Watershed-9 (W-9) in the Sleepers River Research Watershed (Vermont)","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0064","description":"Depth to groundwater has been monitored since 1991 in Watershed 9 (W-9) of the Sleepers River Research Watershed (SRRW) in Vermont, with measurements made at many different locations. This data publication includes monthly water levels that are manually measured (1991-2018), daily and breakpoint water levels (1993-2009), and 30-minute water level data (2002-2004). There is a network of 39 wells, 3 recording wells, and 6 piezometers wells throughout W-9. Monthly (sometimes more frequent) water table elevation data have been measured in 48 different wells or piezometers since 1991. Daily data are reported for three positions (toeslope, mid hillslope, and upper hillslope) along a transect in the W-9B catchment (a sub-basin of W-9) since 1992. The 30-minute data are reported for 18 various wells in the W-9 catchment, but only for a relative short duration from 2002 to 2004 when measured during a particular study.The Sleepers River Research Watershed (SRRW) was established during the 1960s to study the hydrology of mixed-use, mountainous landscapes in Vermont. The SRRW contained up to 17 research watersheds and 31 meteorological stations, though those numbers have fluctuated over time as different Federal Agencies or academic institutions operated the site and research program. From 1992 to 2011, the SRRW has been part of the Water, Energy, and Biogeochemical Budgets (WEBB) Program of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Department of Interior (Glynn et al. 2009). Since 2011, the site has been part of the Land Change Science Program of the USGS. \n\nGroundwater elevation has been monitored since 1991 in the 40.5 hectare (ha) W-9 catchment as part of the long-term research and monitoring program. Water level was measured in each well or piezometer on a monthly or more frequent basis since 1991. In a sub-basin (W-9B) of the W-9 catchment, a transect of recording wells was established at three different hillslope positions (toeslope, mid hillslope, and upper hillslope; 1992 to present) for long-term monitoring. For particular studies that may have lasted for up to three years, water table levels were measured at various wells throughout the W-9 catchment.Additional information about the Sleepers River Research Watershed and the W-9 catchment, in particular, can be found in many publications, with the following being particularly relevant to the research program description, data, and metadata: Glynn et al. (2009), Shanley et al. (2015), Shanley et al. (2003), and Shanley et al. (1995).\n\t  \nThese data were published on 02\/19\/2019. Minor metadata updates were made on 05\/02\/2022.","keyword":["environment","inlandWaters","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","Natural Resource Management & Use","Water","Forest management","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","forest hydrology","water table elevation","Vermont","Sleepers River","Sleepers River Research Watershed","Connecticut River Basin","Kittredge Hills","Danville","Montpelier","North Danville","St. Johnsbury","Pope Brook","tributary to Pope Brook","Caledonia County"],"spatial":"-72.1715,44.4982,-72.1607,44.9126","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0064","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0064","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-05-02"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Base data for three focal landscapes in Wisconsin used for grassland bird conservation","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0065","description":"Boundaries, roads, and land cover for 3 (three) focal landscapes and 10 (ten) grassland bird conservation areas in Wisconsin are provided in GIS format. Land cover for the focal landscapes was characterized using satellite imagery from the 2013 growing season.Land cover was characterized in 3 (three) focal landscapes and embedded grassland bird conservation areas in Wisconsin as part of a project to establish baseline measures of bird populations and land use against which the impact of conservation actions to benefit grassland birds could be assessed.Original metadata date is 02\/22\/2019. Minor metadata updates were made on 11\/13\/2019.","keyword":["grassland","prairie","grassland birds","habitat restoration area","HRA","bird conservation area","BCA","land cover","Landsat","classification","biota","boundaries","environment","imageryBaseMapsEarthCover","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Natural Resource Management & Use","Conservation","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Birds","United States","Wisconsin","Pierce County","Polk County","St. Croix County","Dane County","Grant County","Green County","Iowa County","Lafayette County","Waushara County","Wood County","Adams County","Clark County","Marathon County","Portage County","Taylor County","Central Grasslands","Southwest Wisconsin Grassland and Stream Conservation Area","Central Wisconsin Grassland Conservation Area","Western Prairie Habitat Restoration Area","Buena Vista BCA","Leola BCA","Paul Olson BCA","Barreltown BCA","Garrison Grove BCA","Military Ridge BCA","Perry Primrose BCA","Rush River BCA","Star Prairie BCA","Willow River BCA"],"spatial":"-92.82120,42.57636,-89.32168,45.32036","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0065","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0065","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2019-11-13"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Climate change pressures for the conterminous United States: plant hardiness zones, heat zones, growing degree days, and cumulative drought severity","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0001","description":"Evaluating multiple signals of climate change across the conterminous United States during three 30-year periods (2010\u20132039, 2040\u20132069, 2070\u20132099) during this century to a baseline period (1980\u20132009) emphasizes potential changes for growing degree days (GDD), plant hardiness zones (PHZ), heat zones (HeatZone), and cumulative drought severity (CDSI). These indices were derived using the CCSM4 and GFDL CM3 models under the representative concentration pathways 4.5 and 8.5, respectively, and included in Matthews et al. (2018). Daily temperature was downscaled by Maurer et al. (2007) at a 1\/8 degree grid scale and used to obtain growing degree days, plant hardiness zones, and heat zones. Monthly precipitation and temperature downscaled to 30 arc-seconds (~800 meters) by Daly et al. (2008) for the period 1980\u20132015 and Thrasher et al. (2013) for the period 2016\u20132099, were aggregated to a 10 square kilometer grid and used to calculate a self-calibrated palmer drought severity index that was then aggregated into 30-year cumulative drought severity index values. Each of these indices provides unique information about plant health related to changes in climatic conditions that influence establishment, growth, and survival. These data and the calculated changes are provided as 13 (CDSI) or 14 (GDD, HeatZone, PHZ) individual IMG files for each index to assist with management planning and decision making into the future. For each of the four indices the following are included: one [two for nonCDSI] baseline file (1980\u20132009), three files representing 30-year periods for the scenario CCSM4 under RCP 4.5 along with three files of changes, and three files representing 30-year periods for the scenario GFDL CM3 under RCP 8.5 along with three files of changes.Forest managers planning for potential changes in precipitation, temperatures, and extreme events during the later parts of this century need information on how conditions are likely to change. The Research Map NRS-9 (Matthews et al. 2018), provides maps and regional summaries for four climatic indices across the conterminous United States that provide information on stressors related to tree establishment, growth, and survival. These climate data will support user specific evaluations and analyses.*These data are also available as a story map: https:\/\/usfs.maps.arcgis.com\/apps\/MapSeries\/index.html?appid=96088b1c086a4b39b3a75d0fd97a4c40","keyword":["climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","environment","geoscientificInformation","Climate change","Climatology","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Forest & Plant Health","CMIP5","monthly","precipitation ","maximum temperature","minimum temperature","drought","extreme events","Palmer Drought Severity Index","temperature indices","gridded meteorological data","conterminous United States"],"spatial":"-124.81300,25.00000,-67.06300,52.75000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0001","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0001","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2019-02-05"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Microsatellite genotypes for southern pine beetles, Dendroctonus frontalis, from the U.S. and Mexico","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0002","description":"This data publication contains genotypes for 324 individual southern pine beetles, generated for 24 microsatellites as described in Havill et al. (2019). Beetles were collected between August 2013 and June 2017 from 10 different sites within the U.S. (Arizona, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and three sites within Mississippi), and a site in Michoac\u00e1n, Mexico. Funnel traps baited with frontalin and alpha-pinene were used to collect the beetles. Physical vouchers of individual beetles are deposited at the Yale Peabody Museum in New Haven, Connecticut.These data were collected to characterize broad-scale patterns of genetic variation in the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis.Original metadata date was 03\/25\/2019. Minor metadata updates were made on 04\/24\/2019.","keyword":["biota","Forest & Plant Health","Insects","genetic diversity","microsatellites","molecular markers","population genetics","Southern pine beetle","Dendroctonus frontalis","Alabama","Arizona","Florida","Georgia","Louisiana","Maryland","Mississippi","Pennsylvania","Michoac\u00e1n","Mexico","United States"],"spatial":"-76.00000,19.00000,-112.00000,40.00000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0002","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0002","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2019-04-24"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Nitrate isotope database for meteoric waters, surface waters, soil waters, and groundwaters","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0003","description":"This data publication includes water chemistry, nitrate isotopic values (\u03b415N and \u03b418O), apportioned amounts of unprocessed atmospheric nitrate in freshwaters, streamflow, streamflow apportioned into quick flow, and associated metadata. Data were collected from forested or predominantly forested catchments in the United States and Canada. Some samples were collected for this study or were compiled from published and unpublished studies. The compiled data are from many individual studies on more than 100 catchments measured between 1995 and 2016 from the United States and Canada. The sample types include precipitation (bulk and wet deposition), snow, snow melt, throughfall, stream water, seep water, spring water, soil water, and groundwater. While the data are freely and publicly available, we urge users to cautiously consider limitations of data. Values in this data publication were measured using several different methods (column, bacterial denitrifier, and chemical denitrifier). The absolute values of \u03b418O in nitrate from the column method may be inaccurate due to particular methodological steps that were used to prepare and analyze samples prior to 2003. Despite absolute errors, distinct end-members and mixed waters (when all were measured) maintain relative ranges. As such, the data from the column method before 2003 may be interpretable for some studies, while inappropriate for other data analyses and interpretations. After 2003, there was general movement to assess and correct exchange and fractionation via use of a more consistent and expansive suite of reference standards. Plus, the denitrifier methods emerged at about that time, and has effectively supplanted use of the column method and led to improved accuracy and precision in nitrate isotope studies. Future contributions of data are welcome and additional data can be added to this repository via contact with the lead author.We measured water chemistry and isotopic tracers of nitrate sources and reanalyzed data from other studies to determine when, where, and how unprocessed atmospheric nitrate was transported in catchments. We compiled data to create a repository for nitrate isotope data from freshwaters in the USA and Canada.Original metadata date was 02\/28\/2019. Metadata updated on 04\/08\/2019 to include information about a newly published article. On 06\/24\/2019 a few longitude measurements were updated in \\Supplements\\CatchmentInfo.csv.","keyword":["environment","inlandWaters","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","nitrate isotopes","isotopic tracers of nitrogen sources","forest hydrology","isotopic tracers of solute sources","nitrification","nitrate source apportionment","freshwaters","groundwater","precipitation","seeps and springs","snow core","snow melt","soil water","stream water","throughfall","Abitibi Uplands","Adirondack Mountains","Allegheny Plateau","Appalachian Mountains","Arnot Forest","Bear Brook Watershed","Bowl Research Natural Area","Buck Creek Watershed","Cornell Natural Area","Fernow Experimental Forest","Howland Forest","Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest","Huntington Forest","Marcell Experimental Forest","Red Butte Creek Watershed","Savannah River Site","Sleepers River Research Watershed","Turkey Lakes Watershed","Valley & Ridge Province","United States","Connecticut","Utah","Maine","Maryland","Minnesota","New Hampshire","New York","Pennsylvania","South Carolina","Vermont","West Virginia","Ontario","Canada","Northern Forest region"],"spatial":"-113.00000,32.00000,-95.00000,48.00000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0003","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0003","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2019-06-24"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04"],"programCode":["010:164"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Forest structure, regeneration, and fuels in unburned, once-burned and twice-burned mixed-conifer forests of the Bob Marshall Wilderness","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0004","description":"Since the middle 1980s, managers have allowed many naturally ignited wildfires to burn with minimal interference in the Bob Marshall Wilderness, Montana, USA. This contemporary active fire regime has produced a mosaic of recent burn histories comprising various combinations of fire frequency and fire severity, the effects of which are not confounded by past management (e.g., timber harvest) or suppression. Our study area was the valley floor and lower sidewalls of the main South Fork Flathead River valley and major tributaries between 1233 and 1740 meters above sea level. We used a stratified random sampling design to ensure adequate sampling of topographic and fire severity gradients, which we hypothesized would influence post-fire fuel loads, forest structure, and tree regeneration. Included in this publication are data from 224 plots distributed among long-unburned (n = 15), once-burned (n = 89), and twice-burned (n = 120) fire histories. Woody surface fuels were sampled using the planer intercept method; herbs, graminoids and shrubs were sampled using Keane\u2019s photoload technique; and forest structure, composition, and canopy fuels were sampled with tree measurements in concentric, fixed-area plots. Field sampling occurred during the summers of 2015, 2016, and 2017. Plot-level data include treatment type (unburned, once-burned, twice-burned), year of fire(s), fire severity (dNBR), and date of sampling, plot locations (UTM), in addition to field-measured fuels and forest structure data.The purpose of this study was to investigate the comparative effects of single and repeat wildfires occurring between 1985 and 2013 on surface fuels, canopy fuels, forest structure, and tree regeneration, asking if wildfires function as fuel reduction treatments. We also sought to determine if and under what conditions short-interval reburns cause transitions to a putative non-forest state.The metadata for this package was published on 02\/01\/2019 (data were under embargo and available via authors). On 10\/17\/2022 this embargo was lifted and the data became available for download.","keyword":["biota","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Ecology","Landscape ecology","Fire","Fire ecology","Fire effects on environment","Natural Resource Management & Use","Wilderness","wilderness management","wildland fire use","reburns","fire management","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","Montana","South Fork Flathead","Bob Marshall Wilderness"],"spatial":"-113.40952,47.43952,-113.16085,47.72373","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0004","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0004","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-10-17"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Field attributes and satellite data for \"How vegetation recovery and fuel conditions in past fires influences fuels and future fire management in five western U.S. ecosystems\"","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0005","description":"This data publication contains field and satellite observations at 1567 plots across wildfire extents that burned between the years 2000-2007, collected for Joint Fire Science Project ID: 14-1-02-27. Field attributes were measured between the years 2013-2016 and include a suite of vegetation, soil, and surface cover characteristics. Satellite observations include differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR) measurements from Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (MTBS), as well as annual (1984-2016) satellite observations of the Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR) derived from the Landsat-based detection of Trends in Disturbance and Recovery (LandTrendr) algorithm. Previously burned areas included the extents of the 2000 Jasper wildfire in western South Dakota; 2002 Hayman wildfire in central Colorado; 2003 Black Mountain, Cooney Ridge, Robert, and Wedge Canyon wildfires in western Montana; 2003 Old and Simi wildfires in southern California; 2003 Myrtle Creek wildfire in northern Idaho; 2004 Porcupine, Chicken, and Wall Street wildfires in interior Alaska; 2005 School wildfire in eastern Washington; 2005 Ricco wildfire in South Dakota; 2006 Shake Table or Thorn Creek wildfire in central Oregon; 2006 Tripod wildfire complex in north-central Washington; 2007 Egley wildfire in central Oregon; and the 2007 East Zone\/Cascade wildfire complex in central Idaho. Field attributes had been measured previously at many of these locations; Hudak (2010) contains previous field attribute data for some of the Montana, California, and Alaska plots; and Hudak (2013) contains previous field attribute data for some of the Idaho plots. Bright et al. (2019: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0015) contains previous field attribute data for most of the Oregon plots. Also included is R code that can merge these data with Hudak (2010, 2013) and Bright et al. (2019: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0015).The objective was to assess long-term post-fire vegetation recovery and fuels with field observations and satellite remote sensing.A second edition of these data is now available and we recommend use of that version (Bright et al. 2019: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0005-2) because it includes some minor data corrections (basal area was calculated incorrectly for some variable-radius plots) and the addition of tree-level data.\n\t  \nThis first edition was originally published on 03\/20\/2019 with metadata updates on 12\/09\/2019 that included references to newly available journal articles that use these data and links to the second edition of these data.","keyword":["biota","imageryBaseMapsEarthCover","Fire","Fire effects on environment","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Assessments","burn severity","change detection","char","Landsat","time series","normalized burn ratio","remote sensing","soils","wildfire","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","Alaska","California","Colorado","Idaho","Montana","Oregon","South Dakota","Washington"],"spatial":"-142.67000,34.27000,-103.42000,64.09000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0005","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0005","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2019-12-09"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Dendroctonus pseudotsugae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) sequential sampling data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0006","description":"The Douglas-fir beetle, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopkins, attacks Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco (Pinaceae), throughout western North America. Periodic outbreaks cause increased mortality of its host. Bark samples were obtained from 326 trees distributed over 21 stands during a 2-year period in the late winter to early spring of 1997 and 1998 in the Colorado Front Range. Data include tree size, brood and gallery counts, as well as length and placement of each gallery.Land managers and forest health specialists often need to determine population trends of this insect. In this study, we developed a fixed-precision sequential sampling plan that resource managers and forest health specialists could use to sample Douglas-fir beetle brood adults and determine their density per unit area.","keyword":["biota","Forest & Plant Health","Botany","Pest management","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Assessments","Douglas-fir beetle","Douglas-fir","brood sampling","Dendroctonus pseudotsugae","South Platte Ranger District","Pike-San Isabel National Forest","Colorado Front Range","Colorado"],"spatial":"-105.16700,39.18300,-105.15000,39.30000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0006","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0006","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2019-02-06"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Coulee Experimental Forest larch and red pine measurements, 1988 & 1993","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0007","description":"European larch and red pine measurement data were recorded in 1988 for trees used in a 1961 planting on the Coulee Experimental Forest (CEF) in La Crosse County, Wisconsin. Both species were planted in three different locations. In 1978, more European larch were planted in two additional locations on the CEF and also measured in 1988. The data available for these five plantings include tree height, diameter at breast height (DBH), and merchantable volume. There were additional plantings of Japanese and hybrid larch on the CEF in 1984. Tree heights and DBH for the European larch and red pine plantings were re-measured in 1993, as well as the new Japanese and hybrid larch plantings.The original purpose for the establishment of the larch plantations is unknown. However, these trees were later used as part of a larch tree improvement project. The goal of this project was the production of a rapid-growing, alternative conifer fiber source for northern climates. They were periodically measured in 1979, 1988, and 1993.","keyword":["biota","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Plant ecology","Forest & Plant Health","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Resource inventory","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","Timber","red pine","European larch","Japanese larch","hybrid larch","Coulee Experimental Forest","La Crosse","Wisconsin"],"spatial":"-91.05602,43.83019,-91.00048,43.87003","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0007","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0007","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2019-02-20"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Cloud forest data for \"Neotropical cloud forests and p\u00e1ramo to contract and dry from declines in cloud immersion and frost\"","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0008","description":"This data publication includes all cloud forest data for Helmer et al. (2019) \"Neotropical cloud forests and p\u00e1ramo to contract and dry from declines in cloud immersion and frost\". Data include 7 raster digital datasets representing ecoregions; minimum frost frequency defining lower boundary for subalpine or mixed TMCF (transitional to alpine or other higher elevation vegetation); minimum frost frequency defining lower boundary for alpine or other higher elevation vegetation, including p\u00e1ramo; minimum relative humidity (RH), to qualify as cloud forest, based on RH of the points calibrating the model of cloud forest minimum elevation; watershed delineations used to estimate maximum watershed elevation and relative humidity from 100 to 150 meters elevation at mountain bases; region in the model of cloud forest minimum elevations; and forest type (Neotropical montane cloud forest, subalpine or mixed cloud forest, or p\u00e1ramo\/other vegetation). Data also include 4 raster digital datasets representing projected zone (alpine, subalpine\/mixed, or montane) and change in relative humidity for Representative Concentration Pathway (rcp) 4.5 for average year 2050 and 2070, as well as for rcp 8.5 for average year 2050 and 2070.This work predicts current and predicted future cloud forest and p\u00e1ramo extent and change in relative humidity, based on current and predicted future climate information.This document provides an overview for the data included in this package. Additional documentation is available in Helmer et al. (2019) as well as within the individual metadata documents for each raster dataset.\n\t  \nOriginal metadata date was 03\/18\/2019. Minor metadata updates made on 04\/18\/2019 and 04\/30\/2019 to include references to newly published article.","keyword":["biota","environment","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","elevation","inlandWaters","Climate change","Climate change effects","Climatology","Human response","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Ecology","Geography","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","Landscape ecology","Plant ecology","Soil","Environment and People","Impact of people on environment","Forest & Plant Health","Climate effects","Human effects","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Natural Resource Management & Use","Conservation","Ecosystem services","Landscape management","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Habitat management","ecoregions","cloud forest","p\u00e1ramo","minimum frost days","alpine","subalpine\/mixed","montane","minimum frost frequency","regions","relative humidity","watersheds","future scenarios","habitat","cloud immersion","atmospheric conditions","watersheds","neotropics","North America","South America","Central America","Caribbean"],"spatial":"-110.51000,-35.34000,-33.54000,27.07000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0008","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0008","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2019-04-30"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Fire Behavior Assessment Team: surface and ground fuels, raw and processed","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0010","description":"This data publication contains the raw and processed surface and ground fuels data for the plots in which pre- and post-fire fuels, and fire behavior data were collected by the Fire Behavior Assessment Team (FBAT) on a subset of wildland fires in the United States from 2003-2017. FBAT collects pre- and post-fire fuels and tree data along with fire behavior measurements on wildland fires. FBAT is an interagency group of primarily Forest Service employees with both monitoring and fireline qualifications which collects pre- and post-fire fuels and tree data along with fire behavior measurements on wildland fires. Logistics (proximity to instrumentation\/crew members), funding, fire activity, and monitoring questions influenced the geographic regions and fires where sampling was attempted, for instance, fuel treatments recorded in the Forest Service Activity Tracking System (FACTS), as well as tree mortality areas, were each targets for FBAT sampling in the past. Data include litter, duff, 1, 10, 100 and 1000-hour fuel loadings and maximum fuel bed depth. Coefficients and equations used to calculate fuel loading from depths and fuel counts are also included. Brown's planar intercept methods were used for the downed woody fuels.These data are collected by the FBAT team to provide measures of pre-fire fuels\/vegetation, active fire behavior (with sensors in the fire), and post-fire fuels\/vegetation conditions during wildfires and prescribed fires for improving understanding and tools related to fire behavior and fire effects.For more information about FBAT data see: https:\/\/www.fs.fed.us\/adaptivemanagement\/projects_main_fbat.php.\n\t  \nThese data were published on 03\/18\/2019. On 12\/03\/2020 this data publication was updated to include a supplemental file that provides a diagram of the FBAT plot layout and a brief list of key method changes throughout the years FBAT has taken data to present (2020).","keyword":["environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Fire","Fire ecology","Fire effects on environment","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","location data","plot center","biomass","fuels","surface fuels","ground fuels","fire behavior","fire severity","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","United States","California","Montana","Idaho","Arizona","Wyoming","Georgia"],"spatial":"-127.972202,22.765684,-65.258792,51.632799","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0010","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0010","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2020-12-03"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Supplemental materials for: Ozone monitoring at remote sites using low-power instrumentation","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RMRS-RN-65.s1","description":"This is a supplement for Research Note RMRS-RN-65 \"Ozone monitoring at remote sites using low-power instrumentation\". Three versions of an enclosure containing datalogging, power supply, and environmental controls were developed to deploy low-power ozone analyzers in stand-alone installations that are automated, solar-powered, and pack-transportable. The supplement provides engineering diagrams, sample datalogger programs, and parts lists with cost estimates for these 3- and 4-season capable analyzer installations.With regulatory changes in the United States there is an expectation that the need for remote-site ozone data collection will increase. We want to provide users with successfully developed hardware and procedures for deploying low-power ozone analyzers.Original metadata date was 04\/07\/2014. Minor metadata updates on 12\/20\/2016 and 03\/14\/2019.","keyword":["environment","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","Forest & Plant Health","Air, soil, water pollution (environmental injury)","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Techniques","ozone","ozone data collection","instrumentation","high elevation","remote sites","experimental forest","Colorado","Rocky Mountains"],"spatial":"-110,38,-104,41","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RMRS-RN-65.s1","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RMRS-RN-65.s1","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2019-03-14"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Wildland fire impacts on water supply (FIWAS) data for the contiguous United States","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0012","description":"We obtained data about 168 locations across the contiguous United States (CONUS) that were affected by wildland fire during the period 1984 - 2013. Wildland fire locations, dates, extent, and burn severity were obtained from the Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (MTBS) dataset. We obtained watershed attributes (watershed boundaries, drainage areas, and perimeters) and daily time series of river flow from the GAGES-II dataset (Geospatial Attributes of Gages for Evaluating Streamflow, version II). The boundaries of the water resource regions were acquired from the Watershed Boundary Database. Climate data were extracted from the daily high resolution (1\u00d71 kilometer) Daymet v3 dataset, and obtained the gridded PRISM (Parameter-elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model) dataset. For topographic data (elevation, slope, and aspect), we used the highest resolution version (244\u00d7244 meter) of the Global Multi-resolution Terrain Elevation Data 2010, principally obtained during the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission. Finally, we obtained land cover data from the 2001 National Land Cover Database (NLCD).Wildland fire impacts on surface freshwater resources have not previously been measured, nor factored into regional water management strategies. However, large wildland fires are increasing and raise concerns about fire impacts on potable water. Therefore, we collected data from across the contiguous United States as part of an assessment of these impacts in the 5 years following wildland fire in affected locations, and their management implications.","keyword":["economy","environment","geoscientificInformation","society","Climate change","Climate change effects","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","Landscape ecology","Fire","Fire effects on environment","Natural Resource Management & Use","Ecosystem services","Policies and law","Water","wildfire","streamflow","hydrology","climate change","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","contiguous United States"],"spatial":"-124.81300,25.00000,-67.06300,52.75000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0012","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0012","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2019-09-20"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Post-fire field observations across the 2007 Egley Fire in central Oregon","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0015","description":"This data publication contains field observations taken in 2008 at 350 plots within the extent of the 2007 Egley Fire in central Oregon. Plots were located as paired sites in areas that had been treated and untreated prior to the 2007 Egley Fire. Field observations include a suite of vegetation, soil, fuel, and surface cover characteristics. Differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR) measurements, an indicator of burn severity, from the Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (MTBS) program, are also included. Similar or identical field measurements were gathered at these same locations in 2016 as part of a larger project, and can be found in Bright et al. 2019 (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0005).The objective was to assess the effect of fuel treatments on subsequent wildfire activity.A second edition of these data is now available, which also includes the addition of tree-level data, and we recommend use of that version (Bright et al. 2019: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0015-2). \n\t  \t  \nThis first edition was originally published on 05\/14\/2019. On 11\/04\/2019 the data were updated to modify some incorrectly calculated fuel measurements for: \u2018FUEL_1HR\u2019, \u2018FUEL_10HR\u2019, \u2018FUEL_100HR\u2019, and \u2018FUEL_1000HR\u2019. Additional metadata updates were made on 12\/09\/2019 that included references to newly available journal articles that use these data and links to the newer edition of these data.","keyword":["biota","Fire","Fire effects on environment","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Assessments","burn severity","char","Landsat","normalized burn ratio","remote sensing","soils","wildfire","Cercocarpus ledifolius","curl-leaf mountain mahogany","Pinus ponderosa","ponderosa pine","juniperus occidentalis","western juniper","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","Oregon"],"spatial":"-119.72500,43.68600,-119.29800,43.88600","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0015","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0015","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2019-12-09"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Meta-analytic data from agricultural conservation practice adoption research in the United States 1982-2018","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0011","description":"We present citations for 166 articles (126 quantitative and 40 qualitative) published between 1982 and 2018 that studied agricultural producers' adoption of conservation practices or enrollment in conservation programs. We include the clean and untransformed data extracted from the 126 quantitative articles. Data are from studies that took place in the United States and include peer-reviewed journal articles and reports along with non-peer reviewed reports, dissertations, and theses. In addition to the full citation for each article, data such as descriptive statistics for dependent and independent variables, significance observations, model coefficients, effect sizes, and our categorization scheme are included for quantitative articles. These data can be used by researchers to answer specific meta-analytic research questions in this research area.The data were collected to update and expand a 2008 synthesis of the agricultural adoption research literature and provide agencies, organizations, and researchers with information to inform policies and programs.Metadata was originally made available on 04\/09\/2019 with the data under temporary embargo. Minor metadata updates were made on 10\/07\/2019. On 02\/28\/2020 the data for this publication became available.","keyword":["farming","economy","environment","society","Environment and People","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","Natural Resource Management & Use","conservation behavior","farmers","best management practice","United States"],"spatial":"-125.00000,25.00000,-70.00000,50.00000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0011","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0011","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2020-02-28"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:32"],"programCode":["005:051"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Analysis of fecal volatiles in skunks and raccoons subjected to rabies immunization and infection","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/NWRC-RDS-2019-001","description":"Chromatographic peak data and rabies antibody data were collected from raccoon and skunk subjects that were subjected to rabies vaccination and\/or challenge with rabies virus. Feces were collected from captive animals held in USDA facilities in Fort Collins, CO USA during the period 10 July 2014 to 28 September 2015. Fecal samples were subjected to chemical analyses during the period of 12 August 2015 to 11 February 2016. This data publication includes all chromatograms (gas chromatography\/mass spectrometry data files as .cdf files) and a summary of chromatographic peak responses and measured serum antibody responses.The study, arising from opportunistic sampling of feces from two well-replicated vaccination and challenge studies, was designed to uncover volatile signatures associated with oral immunization using a live recombinant rabies vaccine and lethal RABV infection in two key North American reservoir hosts for this pathogen.","keyword":["health","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Mammals","disease","rabies","United States","Colorado"],"spatial":"-125,25,-65,50","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/NWRC-RDS-2019-001","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/NWRC-RDS-2019-001","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2020-03-25"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Incidental and long-distance bird observations in the Shoshone, Toiyabe, Toquima, and Monitor ranges, Nevada","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0012-3","description":"These data document detections of birds in canyons throughout four mountain ranges in the central Great Basin (Lander, Nye, and Eureka counties, Nevada): the Shoshone Mountains, Toiyabe Range, Toquima Range, and Monitor Range. A small number of detections were made in the valleys adjacent to these mountain ranges and in the Desatoya Range. Data were collected during the breeding season from 2002 through 2015 and 2018 through 2024. These data complement those in Fleishman (2019, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0002-4), which included detections of breeding birds during fixed-radius point counts within 100 meters of the observer. The data in this data publication allow more-complete documentation of the composition and distribution of the local and regional avifauna than would be possible with the fixed-radius point-count data alone. Some birds documented in these data were detected during fixed-radius point counts but were outside the radius of the sample point (e.g., > 100 meters from the observer) or flying over the point rather than apparently using resources within the point. Others were detected opportunistically while traveling to sampling locations or at other times. The detections also include juveniles, which are not included in published analyses. Data include species detected, date of detection, and, in most cases, method of detection and either coordinates or an approximate location.These data were collected in the course of sampling to examine relations between occupancy and abundance of birds and topography, vegetation, land use, and fire. Data also were collected to investigate baseline variation in occupancy and abundance of birds in space and time and to compare distributions of birds and butterflies in space and time. Knowledge of baseline variation informs assessment of possible effects of environmental change, whether natural or anthropogenic. These data complement those in Fleishman (2019, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0002-4), which had strict criteria or standards with respect to, for example, sampling methods, bird behavior, location, and age class. The data in this file are reliable, but do not meet those strict criteria. The data are useful for documenting species composition and distribution across space and time. Some species included in these data are not represented in the data from the fixed-radius point counts.There are multiple reasons these data are considered incidental or long distance (hence included in this file rather than Fleishman 2019, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0002-4) and we provide a few of those reasons. A bird was detected during a fixed-radius point count but observer did not record distance from the point center (thus it is unclear whether the detection was within 100 meters of the observer, which is a criterion for many analyses); detected during point counts but at > 100 meters from the point center (the limit for inclusion in many analyses); not detected during point counts (e.g., bird was observed while traveling between sampling locations or in the afternoon or evening rather than during morning point-counts); juvenile bird rather than adult (most analyses are restricted to adults assumed to be breeding in the vicinity). \n\nVarious measurements of vegetation at or near point-count locations, which may be useful for exploring associations with presence, are available in Fleishman (2025, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0007-3).\n\nThere are two previous editions of this data publication. These editions were published on 11\/18\/2013 and 05\/13\/2015. This third edition, published with some minor metadata edits on 04\/26\/2019, adds another year of data and further metadata improvements. This third edition was also updated on 01\/08\/2020 to include data from the 2019 breeding season and a small number of records from previous years that inadvertently were omitted. On 08\/09\/2022, data from the 2020-2022 breeding season were also included, along with a few additional metadata edits and a few corrections and updates to species names. On 02\/28\/2025, this third edition again was updated to include data from the 2023 and 2024 breeding seasons and to update species\u2019 names to reflect the 65th supplement to the American Ornithological Society\u2019s check-list of North American birds.","keyword":["biota","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Animal ecology","Fire","Fire effects on environment","Prescribed fire","Forest & Plant Health","Botany","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Birds","Habitat management","breeding birds","detections","point counts","wildfire","land-cover change","riparian","pinyon","juniper","sagebrush","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program","SERDP","Southwest Climate Adaptation Science Center","Northwest Climate Adaptation Science Center","central Nevada","Nevada","Great Basin","central Great Basin","Shoshone Mountains","Toiyabe Range","Toquima Range","Monitor Range","Desatoya Range","Lander Country","Nye County","Eureka County","Reese River Valley","Big Smoky Valley","Monitor Valley","Antelope Valley"],"spatial":"-117.547233160187,38.6471534350003,-116.412277771069,39.4876966819568","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0012-3","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0012-3","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-02-28"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Detections of breeding birds in the Shoshone, Toiyabe, Toquima, and Monitor ranges, Nevada","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0002-4","description":"These data document annual detections of breeding birds in canyons throughout four mountain ranges in the central Great Basin (Lander, Nye, and Eureka counties, Nevada): the Shoshone Mountains, Toiyabe Range, Toquima Range, and Monitor Range. Data were collected during the breeding season from 2001 through 2015 and from 2018 through 2024. Birds were detected during fixed-radius point counts. In most cases, each point was visited three times per breeding season. Data include coordinates of each point, species detected, date and method of detection, and distance from the observer.Data were collected to examine relations between occupancy and abundance of birds and topography and vegetation. Data also were collected to investigate baseline variation in occupancy and abundance of birds in space and time, to assess responses of birds to environmental change, and to compare distributions of birds and butterflies in space and time. Knowledge of baseline variation informs assessment of possible effects of environmental change, whether natural or anthropogenic.Additional data are available from the Forest Service Research Data Archive (see Cross-References below): during point counts, birds detected at > 100 meters; flyovers during point counts (birds not necessarily using resources in the point, but present in the area); records of species detected during field research but not during point counts or at point locations; various measurements of vegetation at each point.\t  \n\t  \nThere are three previous editions of this data publication. These editions were published on 01\/27\/2011, 03\/01\/2013, and 04\/28\/2015. This fourth edition, published on 04\/26\/2019, adds two years of data (2015 and 2018). 2018 includes an additional variable related to sampling interval within a given count. There also were a few minor data updates to values of the wind variable. References to a range of wind speeds (generally a mean and a maximum) were removed and one value, generally the mean, was included instead. This fourth edition was updated on 01\/08\/2020 to include data from the 2019 breeding season, and on 08\/09\/2022 data from the 2020-2022 breeding season were added and a few species names were corrected. On 02\/28\/2025, this fourth addition again was updated to include data from the 2023 and 2024 breeding seasons and to update species\u2019 names to reflect the 65th supplement to the American Ornithological Society\u2019s check-list of North American birds.","keyword":["breeding birds","detections","point counts","wildfire","prescribed fire","land-cover change","monitoring","riparian","pinyon","juniper","sagebrush","JFSP","Joint Fire Science Program","SERDP","Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program","Southwest Climate Adaptation Science Center","Northwest Climate Adaptation Science Center","biota","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Animal ecology","Fire","Fire effects on environment","Prescribed fire","Forest & Plant Health","Botany","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Birds","Habitat management","central Nevada","Nevada","Great Basin","central Great Basin","Shoshone Mountains","Toiyabe Range","Toquima Range","Monitor Range","Lander County","Nye County","Eureka County"],"spatial":"-117.547233160187,38.6471534350003,-116.412277771069,39.4876966819568","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0002-4","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0002-4","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-02-28"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04"],"programCode":["010:164"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Detections of breeding birds in the Wassuk Range, Sweetwater Mountains, and east slope of the Sierra Nevada, Nevada and California","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0031-2","description":"These data document annual detections of breeding birds in canyons throughout three mountain ranges in the western Great Basin (Mineral, Douglas, and Lyon Counties, Nevada; and Alpine and Mono Counties, California): the Wassuk Range, Sweetwater Mountains, and east slope of the Sierra Nevada. Data were collected during the breeding season from 2012-2023, inclusive. Birds were detected during fixed-radius point counts. In most cases, each point was visited three times per season. Data include coordinates of each point, species detected, date and method of detection, and distance from the observer.Data were collected to examine relations between occupancy and abundance of birds and topography and vegetation. Data also were collected to investigate baseline variation in occupancy and abundance of birds in space and time, to assess responses of birds to environmental change, and to compare distributions of birds and butterflies in space and time. Knowledge of baseline variation informs assessment of possible effects of environmental change, whether natural or anthropogenic.Additional data are available from the Forest Service Research Data Archive (see Cross-References below): during point counts, birds detected at > 100 meters; flyovers during point counts (birds not necessarily using resources in the point, but present in the area); records of species detected during field research but not during point counts or at point locations; various measurements of vegetation at each point.\n\nThere is a previous edition of this data publication (Fleishman 2015, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0031). This second edition, published on 05\/07\/2019, adds three years of data along with further metadata updates. We recommend the use of this newer edition. This second edition was updated on 01\/08\/2020 to include data from the 2019 breeding season; on 08\/09\/2022 to include data from the 2020-2022 breeding seasons and to correct or update a few species\u2019 names; and on 02\/28\/2025 to include data from the 2023 breeding season and to update species\u2019 names to reflect the 65th supplement to the American Ornithological Society\u2019s check-list of North American birds.","keyword":["breeding birds","detections","point counts","land-cover change","monitoring","riparian","pinyon","juniper","ponderosa pine","Jeffrey pine","fir","sagebrush","SERDP","Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program","JFSP","Joint Fire Science Program","Southwest Climate Adaptation Science Center","Northwest Climate Adaptation Science Center","biota","environment","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Birds","Nevada","western Nevada","California","eastern California","Great Basin","western Great Basin","Bodie Mountains","Sweetwater Mountains","Wassuk Range","Sierra Nevada","Mineral County","Douglas County","Lyon County","Alpine County","Mono County"],"spatial":"-119.608264,38.058122,-118.627489,38.630361","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0031-2","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0031-2","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-02-28"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04"],"programCode":["010:164"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Vegetation structure and composition in the Wassuk Range, Sweetwater Mountains, and east slope of the Sierra Nevada, Nevada and California","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0032-2","description":"These data document vegetation structure and composition during the late spring and summer growing season in canyons throughout three mountain ranges in the western Great Basin (Mineral, Douglas, and Lyon Counties, Nevada; and Alpine and Mono Counties, California): the Wassuk Range, Sweetwater Mountains, and east slope of the Sierra Nevada. Data on trees, shrubs, and herbaceous plants were collected in 2012 and 2013 at 158 locations where breeding birds were surveyed annually from 2012 through 2014 or 2015. These types of vegetation data again were collected, with slightly different methods, in 2016, 2017, and 2018 at 161 locations where breeding birds were surveyed annually from 2016\u20132018. In 2021, we added new bird-sampling locations in three new canyons: Aurora (14 locations), Masonic (18 locations), and Silverado (7 locations); we collected vegetation data at those points in 2021 or 2022. In 2023, we repeated collection of vegetation data at most of the points established prior to 2021. Data on the prevalence of cheatgrass were collected from 2012 through 2014 to supplement data collected via measurements of ground vegetation, and data on the presence of all trees and shrubs were collected in 2017. The great majority of the locations were consistent over the period of record. Data include but are not limited to estimates of cover of trees (live and dead, differentiated by species), shrubs (differentiated by species), native grasses and forbs (generally not differentiated by species), and cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum); and identity and sizes or size classes of trees (live and standing dead). With the exception of the distinct cheatgrass measurements, vegetation at the great majority of locations was measured three times.Data were collected to examine relations between abundance, occupancy, and detection probability of breeding birds and vegetation covariates. Data also will be used to train and validate models of vegetation (e.g., presence of riparian vegetation, hard and soft edges between trees and shrubs, potential changes in distribution of dominant species) that were based all or in part on remotely sensed data. Additionally, data may be used to examine responses of vegetation to fire, vegetation treatments, or other land uses.These data serve as environmental covariates for Fleishman (2019, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0031-2). Vegetation data were collected at all locations where birds were sampled. Spatial data attributes in the breeding-bird data publication and this data publication (range, canyon, year, UTMx, UTMy) are the same and can be linked in a relational database or lookup table. Although the data primarily were collected to characterize bird habitat, they also could serve as environmental covariates for Fleishman (2015, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0030).\n\nThere is a previous edition of this data publication (Fleishman 2015, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0032). A second edition (published 05\/07\/2019) added data from 2016-2018, including point-level data on presence of all trees and shrubs, and metadata updates. On 02\/28\/2025, we updated this second edition to include data from 2021, 2022, and 2023, and metadata updates.","keyword":["biota","environment","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Animal ecology","Forest & Plant Health","Botany","Habitat management","vegetation","plants","trees","shrubs","grasses","forbs","riparian","upland","JFSP","Joint Fire Science Program","Southwest Climate Adaptation Science Center","Northwest Climate Adaptation Science Center","Nevada","western Nevada","California","eastern California","Great Basin","western Great Basin","Bodie Mountains","Sweetwater Mountains","Wassuk Range","Sierra Nevada","Mineral County","Douglas County","Lyon County","Alpine County","Mono County"],"spatial":"-119.608264,38.058122,-118.627489,38.630361","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0032-2","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0032-2","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-02-28"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Overstory and regeneration data from the \"Rehabilitation of cutover mixedwood stands\" study at the Penobscot Experimental Forest","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0024-2","description":"This data package contains crop tree, overstory, sapling, and regeneration data collected at the Penobscot Experimental Forest in Maine between 2008 and 2017. These data were collected as part of the project titled \"Rehabilitation of cutover mixedwood stands: An economic and silvicultural assessment of alternatives\" as described in Appendix C of FS-NRS-07-08-01 \"Silvicultural effects on composition, structure and growth of northern conifers in the Acadian Forest Region 2008 study plan\" (also known as the Compartment Management Study, see Kenefic et al. 2015). While the Rehabilitation study was conducted within two management units (MUs) of the Compartment Management Study (CMS) the data for the Rehabilitation study are independent of the CMS. The Rehabilitation study examined two levels of intervention treatments against controls in two stands that had been subjected to repeated commercial clearcutting harvests, last occurring 20 and 25 years before. The intervention treatments were 1) moderate treatment, in which crop trees were identified and released, and 2) intensive treatment, in which crop trees were released, unacceptable growing stock was removed, and fill planting of red spruce was conducted. Available data include crop tree species, locations, diameter at beast height (DBH), height, and mortality; overstory species, locations, and DBH; regeneration tally by species; and sapling species and DBH.The purpose of the Rehabilitation (Rehab) Study is to evaluate methods of rehabilitating degraded northern conifer stands. Specifically, to test the hypothesis that short-term investment in silvicultural rehabilitation of degraded stands improves the composition, quality, and productivity relative to no treatment, and that the intensity of rehabilitation will affect the degree of success in obtaining desired long-term outcomes. Findings will reveal economic consequences, and allow us to develop urgently needed management guidelines for degraded stands, thus serving a critical need in the Northern Forest.We strongly recommend that users read the study plans and accompanying documentation provided with the full data publication download before proceeding with data summary or analysis. Refer to the end of the Entity and Attributes section of the metadata for a list of commonly used acronyms and abbreviations.\n\nThis data publication is an update to the first edition of these data (Kenefic et al. 2016). We recommend the use of this second edition which includes an additional inventory completed in 2017 and other minor updates in the way data are recorded. See \\Supplements\\PEF_RehabStudy__DBEChanges.csv for a list of the changes between the first and second edition of these data.","keyword":["biota","Forest & Plant Health","Botany","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","silviculture","species composition","timber supply","forest management","forest stand dynamics","tree regeneration","tree and stand growth","tree height","tree crown","canopy","crown width","balsam fir","red spruce","woody plants","timber stand improvement","crop tree release","precommercial thinning","northern conifers","Penobscot Experimental Forest","Maine"],"spatial":"-68.64430,51.82690,-68.58620,44.87260","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0024-2","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0024-2","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2019-05-08"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"AmeriFlux site visit report and data for the Glacier Lakes Ecosystem Experiments Site (US-GLE)","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0013","description":"This report and data summarize the AmeriFlux Tech team site visit to the Glacier Lakes Ecosystem Experiments Site (GLEES) in southeastern Wyoming. For this campaign, the AmeriFlux portable eddy covariance system (PECS) was deployed near the in situ GLEES micro-meteorological sensors. The resulting intercomparison of eddy covariance, radiation, and meteorological observations is used to inform key recommendations and improvements in the measurements. This package includes both the report and underlying data recorded by both the AmeriFlux PECS and the GLEES in situ instrumentation during the 14 day period in September 2016.The AmeriFlux network of eddy covariance ecosystem flux sites was established to foster collaboration between different research groups with long term monitoring of the ecosystem exchange of water vapor, carbon dioxide, and energy between the land surface and the atmosphere. A service of the AmeriFlux Tech team is to perform periodic site visits across the network where the PECS is deployed and used as a baseline for comparing the accuracy between the various sites. The USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station managed GLEES site (US-GLE) has been active from 2004-present, with this being its third visit by the network.","keyword":["biota","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","Climate change","Carbon","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","eddy covariance","AmeriFlux","sonic anemometry","Glacier Lakes Ecosystem Experiments Site","GLEES","Medicine Bow National Forest","Wyoming"],"spatial":"-106.282,41.362,-106.228,41.384","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0013","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0013","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2019-04-12"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Individual and environmental factors affecting lifetime reproduction and long-term (summed across sequential breeders) territory-specific reproduction by northern goshawks (Accipiter gentilis) in northern Arizona, USA","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0014","description":"The northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) is listed as a sensitive species on most National Forests and has been shown to be affected by various forest management practices, especially logging and fire management. This data publication contains specific data from Reynolds et al. (2019) on lifespans, breeding lifespans, breeding attempts, number of lifetime mates, and turnover of male and female goshawks on 100+ breeding territories. Data were collected in the Kaibab Plateau in northern Arizona from 1991-2010.The data were collected to determine the demographic performance of breeders on each territory in order to investigate the relationship between the composition and horizontal and vertical structure of forests on territories and long-term survival and reproduction on the territories.These data were originally published on 04\/23\/2019. The metadata was updated on 03\/17\/2020 to include reference to a new publication.","keyword":["biota","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Birds","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Ecology","northern goshawk","Accipiter gentilis","lifetime reproduction","habitat choice","mate choice","turnover","body size","Arizona","Kaibab Plateau","Coconino County"],"spatial":"-112.24110,36.24540,-112.08070,36.85130","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0014","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0014","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2020-03-17"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Understory vegetation and site condition data from the \"Nonnative Invasive Plants\" study at the Penobscot Experimental Forest","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0016","description":"This data publication contains understory plant density and cover class, substrate condition, microtopography, soil drainage, and canopy openness collected in 2006-2007 for 654 milacre plots (milplots) on 327 plots in 24 forest stands representing 10 silvicultural treatments (including an unharvested reference) and an old field on the Penobscot Experimental Forest (PEF) in central Maine, USA. These data were collected to obtain a more complete understanding of the extent of invasive species in a long-term PEF silvicultural experiment, as well as the relationships between treatment, site, and characteristics of the understory plant community.The objectives of this study were to determine the extent of nonnative invasive plant populations in the Compartment Management Study (CMS) and an old field in the PEF, and to relate characteristics of the understory plant community generally, and invasive plant abundance and distribution specifically, to management history and environmental factors.For data relating to the overstory composition of the permanent sample plots (PSPs) in the CMS (the long-term research area in which most of these data were collected), please refer to Kenefic et al. (2015, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2012-0008-2).\n\nWe strongly recommend that users read the accompanying documentation provided with the full data publication download before proceeding with data summary or analysis.\n\nData were published on 05\/14\/2019. Minor metadata updates were made on 05\/18\/2021.","keyword":["biota","Forest & Plant Health","Botany","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","silviculture","species composition","forest management","forest stand dynamics","tree regeneration","canopy","balsam fir","red spruce","woody plants","nonnative invasive","invasive plant","old-field successional forest","understory vegetation","soil","drainage class","Penobscot Experimental Forest","Maine"],"spatial":"-68.65750,44.82690,-68.58620,44.88100","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0016","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0016","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-05-18"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04"],"programCode":["010:164"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Incidental and long-distance bird observations in the Wassuk Range, Sweetwater Mountains, and east slope of the Sierra Nevada, Nevada and California","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0033-2","description":"These data document observations of birds in canyons throughout three mountain ranges in the western Great Basin (Mineral, Douglas, and Lyon Counties, Nevada; and Alpine and Mono Counties, California): the Wassuk Range, Sweetwater Mountains, and east slope of the Sierra Nevada. A small number of observations were made in the valleys adjacent to these mountain ranges. Data were collected during the breeding seasons from 2012 through 2023. These data complement those in Fleishman (2019, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0031-2), which included detections of breeding birds during fixed-radius point counts within 100 meters of the observer. The data in this publication allow more-complete documentation of the composition and distribution of the local and regional avifauna than would be possible with the fixed-radius point-count data alone. Some birds documented in these data were detected during fixed-radius point counts but were outside the radius of the sample point (e.g., > 100 meters from the observer) or flying over the point rather than apparently using resources within the point. Others were detected opportunistically while traveling to sampling locations. The records also include juveniles, which are not included in published analyses. Data include species detected, date of detection, and, in most cases, method of detection and either coordinates or an approximate location.These data were collected in the course of sampling to examine relations between occupancy and abundance of birds and topography and vegetation. Data also were collected to investigate baseline variation in occupancy and abundance of birds in space and time and to compare distributions of birds and butterflies in space and time. Knowledge of baseline variation informs assessment of possible effects of environmental change, whether natural or anthropogenic. These data complement those in Fleishman (2019, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0031-2), which had strict criteria or standards with respect to, for example, sampling methods, bird behavior, location, and age class. The data in this file are reliable, but do not meet those strict criteria. The data are useful for documenting species composition and distribution across space and time. Some species included in these data are not represented in the data from the fixed-radius point counts.Among the reasons these data are considered incidental or long distance (hence included in this file rather than Fleishman 2019, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0031-2) include but are not limited to the following. Bird was detected during a fixed-radius point count but observer did not record distance from the point center (thus it is unclear whether the detection was within 100 meters of the observer, which is a criterion for many analyses); detected during point counts but at > 100 meters from the point center (the limit for inclusion in many analyses); not detected during point counts (e.g., bird was observed while traveling between sampling locations or in the afternoon or evening rather than during morning point-counts); juvenile bird rather than adult (most analyses are restricted to adults assumed to be breeding in the vicinity). \n\nVarious measurements of vegetation at or near point-count locations, which may be useful for exploring associations with presence, are available in Fleishman (2019, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0032-2).\n\nThere is a previous edition of this data publication (Fleishman 2015, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0033). This second edition, which was published on 05\/07\/2019 is the recommended edition of these data. Minor metadata updates were made on 05\/28\/2019. This edition was updated on 01\/08\/2020 to include data from the 2019 breeding season and a small number of records from previous years that inadvertently were omitted. On 08\/09\/2022, data from the 2020-2022 breeding season were added and a few species names were corrected or updated. On 02\/28\/2025, data from the 2023 and 2024 breeding seasons were included and an update to species\u2019 names to reflect the 65th supplement to the American Ornithological Society\u2019s check-list of North American birds.","keyword":["biota","environment","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Birds","breeding birds","detections","point counts","land-cover change","monitoring","riparian","pinyon","juniper","ponderosa pine","Jeffrey pine","fir","sagebrush","SERDP","Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program","JFSP","Joint Fire Science Program","Southwest Climate Adaptation Science Center","Northwest Climate Adaptation Science Center","Nevada","western Nevada","California","eastern California","Great Basin","western Great Basin","Bodie Mountains","Sweetwater Mountains","Wassuk Range","Sierra Nevada","Mineral County","Douglas County","Lyon County","Alpine County","Mono County"],"spatial":"-119.608264,38.058122,-118.627489,38.630361","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0033-2","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0033-2","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-02-28"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04"],"programCode":["010:164"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Detections of breeding birds in the Sheeprock and East Tintic Mountains, Utah","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0017","description":"These data document annual detections of breeding birds in two mountain ranges in the eastern Great Basin: the Sheeprock Mountains (Tooele County) and East Tintic Mountains (Tooele and Utah Counties), Utah. Data were collected during the breeding seasons of 2016 and 2017. Birds were detected during fixed-radius point counts. In most cases, each point was visited three times per breeding season. Data include coordinates of each point, species detected, date and method of detection, and distance from the observer.Data were collected to examine relations between occupancy and abundance of birds and topography and vegetation. Data also were collected to investigate baseline variation in occupancy and abundance of birds in space and time. Knowledge of baseline variation informs assessment of possible effects of environmental change, whether natural or anthropogenic.Additional data are available from the Forest Service Research Data Archive (see Cross-References below): during point counts, birds detected at > 100 meters; flyovers during point counts (birds not necessarily using resources in the point, but present in the area); records of species detected during field research but not during point counts or at point locations; and various measurements of vegetation at each point.","keyword":["breeding birds","detections","point counts","land-cover change","riparian","pinyon","juniper","sagebrush","JFSP","Joint Fire Science Program","Southwest Climate Adaptation Science Center","Northwest Climate Adaptation Science Center","biota","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Animal ecology","Forest & Plant Health","Botany","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Birds","Habitat management","Utah","north-central Utah","eastern Great Basin","Great Basin","Sheeprock Mountains","East Tintic Mountains","Tooele County","Utah County"],"spatial":"-112.50979639414466,39.975739,-112.17818300222632,40.055525","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0017","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0017","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2019-05-23"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04"],"programCode":["010:164"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Incidental and long-distance bird observations in the Sheeprock and East Tintic Mountains, Utah","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0018","description":"These data document observations of birds in the eastern Great Basin: the Sheeprock Mountains (Tooele County) and East Tintic Mountains (Tooele and Utah counties), Utah. A small number of observations were made in the valleys adjacent to these mountain ranges. Data were collected during the breeding seasons of 2016 and 2017. These data complement those in Fleishman 2019 (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0017), which included detections of breeding birds during fixed-radius point counts within 100 meters of the observer. The data in this data publication allow more-complete documentation of the composition and distribution of the local and regional avifauna than would be possible with the fixed-radius point-count data alone. Some birds documented in these data were detected during fixed-radius point counts but were outside the radius of the sample point (e.g., > 100 meters from the observer) or flying over the point rather than apparently using resources within the point. Others were detected opportunistically while traveling to sampling locations. The records also include juveniles, which are not included in published analyses. Data include species detected, date of detection, and, in most cases, method of detection and either coordinates or an approximate location.These data were collected in the course of sampling to examine relations between occupancy and abundance of birds and topography and vegetation. Data also were collected to investigate baseline variation in occupancy and abundance of birds in space and time. Knowledge of baseline variation informs assessment of possible effects of environmental change, whether natural or anthropogenic. These data complement those in Fleishman 2019 (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0017), which had strict criteria or standards with respect to, for example, sampling methods, bird behavior, location, and age class. The data in this file are reliable, but do not meet those strict criteria. The data are useful for documenting species composition and distribution across space and time. Some species included in these data are not represented in the data from the fixed-radius point counts.Among the reasons these data are considered incidental or long distance (hence included in this file rather than Fleishman 2019 [https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0017]) include but are not limited to the following. Bird was detected during a fixed-radius point count but observer did not record distance from the point center (thus it is unclear whether the detection was within 100 meters of the observer, which is a criterion for many analyses); detected during point counts but at > 100 meters from the point center (the limit for inclusion in many analyses); not detected during point counts (e.g., bird was observed while traveling between sampling locations or in the afternoon or evening rather than during morning point-counts); juvenile bird rather than adult (most analyses are restricted to adults assumed to be breeding in the vicinity). \n\nVarious measurements of vegetation at or near point-count locations, which may be useful for exploring associations with presence, are available in Fleishman 2019 (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0019).","keyword":["biota","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Animal ecology","Forest & Plant Health","Botany","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Birds","Habitat management","breeding birds","detections","point counts","land-cover change","riparian","pinyon","juniper","sagebrush","JFSP","Joint Fire Science Program","Southwest Climate Adaptation Science Center","Northwest Climate Adaptation Science Center","Utah","eastern Great Basin","Great Basin","Sheeprock Mountains","East Tintic Mountains","Tooele County","Utah County"],"spatial":"-112.50979639414466,39.975739,-112.17818300222632,40.055525","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0018","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0018","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2019-05-23"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04"],"programCode":["010:164"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Vegetation structure and composition in the Sheeprock and East Tintic Mountains, Utah","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0019","description":"These data document vegetation structure (tree, shrub, and ground cover) and composition of trees and shrubs (in most cases, ground cover is differentiated by functional group but not by species) in canyons and nearby areas in two mountain ranges in the eastern Great Basin: the Sheeprock Mountains (Tooele County) and East Tintic Mountains (Tooele and Utah counties), Utah. Vegetation data were collected in 2016 and 2017 at 96 locations where annual point-counts of breeding birds were conducted. The year in which vegetation structure and composition was measured differed among locations; vegetation structure and composition were measured once at each location.Data were collected to examine relations between abundance, occupancy, and detection probability of breeding birds and vegetation covariates. Data also may be used to train and validate models of vegetation (e.g., presence of riparian vegetation, potential changes in distribution of dominant species) that are based all or in part on remotely sensed data. Additionally, data may be used to examine responses of vegetation to fire, vegetation treatments, or other land uses.These data serve as environmental covariates for Fleishman 2019 (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0017). Vegetation data were collected at all locations where birds were sampled. Spatial data attributes in the breeding-bird data publication and this data publication (range, canyon or area, year, UTMx, UTMy) are the same and can be linked in a relational database or lookup table.","keyword":["biota","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Animal ecology","Forest & Plant Health","Botany","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Birds","Habitat management","vegetation","plants","trees","shrubs","grasses","forbs","riparian","upland","breeding birds","JFSP","Joint Fire Science Program","Southwest Climate Adaptation Science Center","Northwest Climate Adaptation Science Center","Utah","eastern Great Basin","Great Basin","Sheeprock Mountains","East Tintic Mountains","Tooele County","Utah County"],"spatial":"-112.50979639414466,39.975739,-112.17818300222632,40.055525","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0019","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0019","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2019-05-23"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04"],"programCode":["010:164"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Detections of breeding birds in the Owyhee Uplands, Idaho","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0021","description":"These data document annual detections of breeding birds in the Owyhee Uplands (Owyhee County), Idaho. Data were collected during the breeding seasons of 2016 and 2017. Birds were detected during fixed-radius point counts. In most cases, each point was visited three times per breeding season. Data include coordinates of each point, species detected, date and method of detection, and distance from the observer.Data were collected to examine relations between occupancy and abundance of birds and topography and vegetation. Data were also collected to investigate baseline variation in occupancy and abundance of birds in space and time. Knowledge of baseline variation informs assessment of possible effects of environmental change, whether natural or anthropogenic.Additional data are available from the Forest Service Research Data Archive (see Cross-References below): during point counts, birds detected at > 100 meters; flyovers during point counts (birds not necessarily using resources in the point, but present in the area); records of species detected during field research but not during point counts or at point locations; and various measurements of vegetation at each point.","keyword":["breeding birds","detections","point counts","land-cover change","riparian","pinyon","juniper","sagebrush","JFSP","Joint Fire Science Program","Southwest Climate Adaptation Science Center","Northwest Climate Adaptation Science Center","biota","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Animal ecology","Forest & Plant Health","Botany","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Birds","Habitat management","Idaho","southern Idaho","northern Great Basin","Great Basin","Owyhee Uplands","Owyhee County"],"spatial":"-116.62767106371389,42.5836,-116.44071796461598,42.95723","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0021","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0021","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2019-05-31"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04"],"programCode":["010:164"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Incidental and long-distance bird observations in the Owyhee Uplands, Idaho","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0022","description":"These data document observations of birds in the Owyhee Uplands (Owyhee County), Idaho. Data were collected during the breeding seasons of 2016 and 2017. These data complement those in Fleishman 2019 (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0021), which included detections of breeding birds during 100-meter fixed-radius point counts. The data in this data publication allow more-complete documentation of the composition and distribution of the local and regional avifauna than would be possible with the fixed-radius point-count data alone. Some birds documented in these data were detected during fixed-radius point counts but were outside the radius of the sample point (e.g., > 100 meters from the observer) or flying over the point rather than apparently using resources within the point. Others were detected opportunistically while traveling to sampling locations. The records also include juveniles, which are not included in published analyses. Data include species detected, date of detection, and, in most cases, method of detection and either coordinates or an approximate location.These data were collected in the course of sampling to examine relations between occupancy and abundance of birds and topography and vegetation. Data were also collected to investigate baseline variation in occupancy and abundance of birds in space and time. Knowledge of baseline variation informs assessment of possible effects of environmental change, whether natural or anthropogenic. These data complement those in Fleishman 2019 (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0021), which had strict criteria or standards with respect to, for example, sampling methods, bird behavior, location, and age class. The data in this file are reliable, but do not meet those strict criteria. The data are useful for documenting species composition and distribution across space and time. Some species included in these data are not represented in the data from the fixed-radius point counts.Among the reasons these data are considered incidental or long distance (hence included in this file rather than Fleishman 2019, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0021), include but are not limited to the following. Bird was detected during a fixed-radius point count but observer did not record distance from the point center (thus it is unclear whether the detection was within 100 meters of the observer, which is a criterion for many analyses); detected during point counts but at > 100 meters from the point center (the limit for inclusion in many analyses); not detected during point counts (e.g., bird was observed while traveling between sampling locations or in the afternoon or evening rather than during morning point-counts); or juvenile bird rather than adult (most analyses are restricted to adults assumed to be breeding in the vicinity). \n\nVarious measurements of vegetation at or near point-count locations, which may be useful for exploring associations with presence, are available in Fleishman 2019 (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0023).","keyword":["breeding birds","detections","point counts","land-cover change","riparian","pinyon","juniper","sagebrush","JFSP","Joint Fire Science Program","Southwest Climate Adaptation Science Center","Northwest Climate Adaptation Science Center","biota","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Animal ecology","Forest & Plant Health","Botany","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Birds","Habitat management","Idaho","southern Idaho","northern Great Basin","Great Basin","Owyhee Uplands","Owyhee County"],"spatial":"-116.62767106371389,42.5836,-116.44071796461598,42.95723","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0022","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0022","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2019-05-31"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04"],"programCode":["010:164"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Vegetation structure and composition in the Owyhee Uplands, Idaho","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0023","description":"These data document vegetation structure (trees, shrubs, and ground cover) and composition of trees and shrubs (in most cases, ground cover is differentiated by functional group but not by species) in the Owyhee Uplands (Owyhee County), Idaho. Vegetation data were collected in 2016 and 2017 at 93 locations where annual point-counts of breeding birds were conducted. The year in which vegetation structure and composition was measured differed among locations; vegetation structure and composition were measured once at each location.Data were collected to examine relations between abundance, occupancy, and detection probability of breeding birds and vegetation covariates. Data also may be used to train and validate models of vegetation (e.g., presence of riparian vegetation, potential changes in distribution of dominant species) that are based all or in part on remotely sensed data. Additionally, data may be used to examine responses of vegetation to fire, vegetation treatments, or other land uses.These data serve as environmental covariates for Fleishman 2019 (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0021). Vegetation data were collected at all locations where birds were sampled. Spatial data attributes in the breeding-bird data publication and this data publication (range, canyon or area, year, UTMx, UTMy) are the same and can be linked in a relational database or lookup table.","keyword":["vegetation","plants","trees","shrubs","grasses","forbs","riparian","upland","breeding birds","JFSP","Joint Fire Science Program","Southwest Climate Adaptation Science Center","Northwest Climate Adaptation Science Center","biota","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Animal ecology","Forest & Plant Health","Botany","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Birds","Habitat management","Idaho","southern Idaho","northern Great Basin","Great Basin","Owyhee Uplands","Owyhee County"],"spatial":"-116.62767106371389,42.5836,-116.44071796461598,42.95723","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0023","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0023","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2019-05-31"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Response of overstory trees and understory regeneration to a green-tree retention harvest as part of the Spearfish Timber Sale, Wind River Experimental Forest","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0024","description":"This data publication contains the 1989 and 1998 data from the assessment of overstory trees and the regeneration 12 years after a clearcut harvest with reserve trees in an even-aged, 145-year-old Douglas-fir stand on a moderately productive site (site class 3) in southwest Washington in the Wind River Experimental Forest. The 15 hectare (ha) harvest unit was superimposed over two areas differentially thinned 15 and 34 years before clearcutting, which retained 18 trees\/ha with a mean diameter of 63 centimeters. This study is described in more detail in Buermeyer and Harrington (2002). The data provided include 1989 and 1998 tree height and diameter for all 287 overstory trees in the 15 ha harvest unit, along with additional measurements for some trees such as tree damage, severity, and height to live crown. A subset of these trees were also cored to provide diameter at breast height growth increases in 3 year increments from 1977-1998. An additional 1 ha study plot was placed within the 15 ha harvest unit. The location, height class, and species of all 5870 seedlings (both overstory and understory trees) on this plot were measured in October 1998.In the 1990s there was increased interest in the Pacific Northwest in retaining live overstory trees (green tree retention). This study was initially planned as an operational shelterwood harvest superimposed over a thinning trial and it was realized that collection of additional data could be useful in documenting response (survival and growth) of the residual overstory trees and seeing the pattern, amount, and growth of the natural regeneration that resulted. The study was visited on several tours.","keyword":["farming","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","tree regeneration","tree growth","reserve trees","crown width","drip lines","tree height","tree diameter","species","regeneration harvest","survival","windthrow","natural regeneration","green tree retention","spatial analysis","Pielou's nonrandomness index","skid trails","growing-season precipitation","Wind River Experimental Forest","Panther Creek Division","Wind River Ranger District","Mt. Adams Ranger District","Gifford Pinchot National Forest","southwestern Washington","Washington Cascades","Washington"],"spatial":"-121.8283,45.8314,-121.8383,45.8372","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0024","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0024","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2019-06-04"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"2011 Texas Tanglewood fire: post-fire database","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0020","description":"This data publication contains data collected and derived as part of a joint effort conducted by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), the United States Forest Service (USFS) and the Texas A&M Forest Service (TFS) to assess the 2011 Texas Tanglewood Fire (Tanglewood Fire). NIST and the USFS participated in the effort as part of the NIST\/USFS Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) Fire Exposure Data Collection and Modeling Project (Butry et al. 2011). This data publication contains information on primary structures (e.g., residential homes), secondary structures (e.g., detached garages and fences), fire affected vegetation, fire progression, defensive actions and other property and landscape information pertaining to a post-fire assessment of the Tanglewood Fire. Additionally, this data package contains numerous post-fire images of the area affected by the Tanglewood Fire as well as active-fire images recorded by witnesses during the event. The Tanglewood Fire started on February 27, 2011 south of Amarillo, Texas in the Timber Creek Canyon Community south of Lake Tanglewood. NIST began gathering electronic data for the incident within 6 hours of the Tanglewood Fire. NIST and TFS integrated a field data collection team into the Incident Command System (ICS) within 48 hours to conduct the post-fire assessment. The deployment also worked in conjunction with state and local damage assessment efforts. The results of the data collection effort and subsequent office data processing are presented in this data package.The objective of the WUI Fire Exposure Data Collection and Modeling Project (Butry et al. 2011) is to develop the measurement science needed to mitigate the effects of WUI fires by providing technical guidance on building components, landscaping elements, and community designs that resist ignition and limit the spread of WUI fires. The overall vision of the project is to address structure and community vulnerabilities to WUI fires through the development of fire-resistant design and advanced materials, based on reliable post-fire data and promoted through incorporation into codes, standards and best practices. Post-fire analysis of WUI fires, such as presented in this data package, provides the knowledge to focus experiments and modeling on critical vulnerabilities of structure, and landscape design and materials. Standard data collection methodologies will also help generate reliable post-fire data.Two reports provide additional information on the overall Tanglewood Fire Post-Fire Assessment. The 2011 Wildland Urban Interface Amarillo Fires Report #2 - Assessment of Fire Behavior and WUI Measurement Science (Maranghides and McNamara, 2016) provides the most detailed information on the Tanglewood Fire Assessment. Initial Reconnaissance of the 2011 Wildland-Urban Interface Fires in Amarillo, Texas (Maranghides et al. 2011) provides an overview of the deployment procedures and initial assessment results. A description of each feature class, table and relationship class present in this geodatabase can be found in \\Supplements\\DatabaseDescription.pdf.\n\t  \nA United States Forest Service ArcGIS Online interactive website has also been developed to describe observations associated with the 2011 Tanglewood Fire Post-Fire Assessment (McNamara et al. 2019).\n\nThese data were originally published on 06\/04\/2019. Since publication, updates have been made to certain active-fire images taken of the 2011 Texas Tanglewood Fire in the Timber Creek Canyon by a resident of the community. As of 02\/13\/2020 these few updated images are now only available through the United States Forest Service ArcGIS Online interactive website (McNamara et al. 2019), which is in the process of being made public. In the meantime, interested users can access this website through an ArcGIS Online private group by contacting Derek McNamara at the contact information provided.","keyword":["biota","boundaries","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","environment","geoscientificInformation","planningCadastre","society","structure","transportation","utilitiesCommunication","Climatology","Fire","Fire ecology","Fire suppression, pre-suppression","Wildland\/urban interface","wildland-urban interface","WUI","JFSP","Joint Fire Science Program","fire perimeter","post-fire assessment","exposure","defensive actions","destroyed structures","damaged structures","fire behavior","wildland fire","2011 Texas Tanglewood Fire Post-Fire Assessment","combustibles","linear features","attached features","Texas","Randall County","Lake Tanglewood","Timber Creek Canyon","Canyon (Plano Alto)","Palisades","Tangle Aire","Amarillo"],"spatial":"-101.82078,35.04335,-101.77638,35.06898","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0020","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0020","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2020-02-13"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Vegetation, soils, and landscape data for experimental rehabilitation of slash pile fire scars in conifer forests of the Front Range, Colorado","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0027","description":"Drastic changes in soil physical, chemical, and biotic properties following slash pile burning and their lasting effects on vegetation cover have been well documented in western North American ecosystems. However, processes that inhibit burn scar recovery are poorly understood as are the most effective means for their rehabilitation. This data publication contains the vegetation, soils, and landscape data collected as part of a study to compare plant and soil responses to a number of surface treatments designed to alter microclimate, moisture infiltration, and nutrient status of recently burned slash piles along the Front Range of Colorado. Sites were thinned and slash was hand piled in 2006-2007 and burned during the fall\/winter of 2008-2009 by USDA Forest Service crews. Three surface treatments, scarification (scarify), woodchip mulch (chips), or wood slash (branches) were applied with and without the addition of a native species seed mix, with one scar left untreated as a control.\n\nPlant composition data include vegetation cover and above ground biomass, which was assessed in early August of 2010 and 2011. Soils data were assessed between 2009 and 2011 and include soil physical properties (soil structure, bulk density, stability, infiltration, moisture content), chemical properties (carbon, total nitrogen, inorganic nitrogen, cations), and biological properties (decomposition rates). Landscape data, measured in 2010, contain information relating to the landscape context (aspect, slope, elevation, overstory tree basal area) of sites where experimental fire scars were located.The objectives of this study were to 1) assess plant responses to rehabilitation treatments applied to slash pile fire scars, and 2) determine the best approach for restoring soil processes to slash pile fire scars in conifer forests of the Front Range of Colorado where such scars are a prevalent feature.","keyword":["biota","Fire","Fire suppression, pre-suppression","Prescribed fire","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Assessments","Techniques","fire scar","seed","mulch","rehabilitation","woodchip mulch","scarification","branches","Colorado","Front Range","Rocky Mountains","conifer forest"],"spatial":"-105.6296131,39.95123,-105.3339246,40.74266","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0027","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0027","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2019-06-19"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04"],"programCode":["010:164"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Demographic and leaf attribute data for beargrass (Xerophyllum tenax Melanthiaceae) from Mount Hood National Forest, Oregon","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0028","description":"This data publication contains plant demographic and leaf quality data for beargrass (Xerophyllum tenax Melanthiaceae) from three different wildfire sites on the Mount Hood National Forest in Oregon. Data include life history information for a set of approximately 1000 plants that were tracked over the course of three years. Each plant was first tagged with a metal tag and then plant growth, survival, flowering, vegetative reproduction and seed capsule production were measured for each plant near the end of each growing season in 2015, 2016 and 2017. Soil moisture was measured twice per season in both 2016 and 2017. Canopy openness was measured once, either in 2016 or 2017 with hemispheric lens at the plant level. A harvest experiment was performed in 2016 on a random subset of 180 plants evenly distributed across sites and plot types. Leaf qualities of three harvested leaves per harvested plant were measured and recorded. Measurements included length, width in three places along the leaf, color, and leaf mass per area (LMA).This project aims to identify the management and environmental conditions which best support the long-term persistence of fire-adapted plants. These conditions may also be those that reduce fire risk. The project focuses on beargrass, an understory forest plant used for basket making and other purposes by American Indians in the western United States that is thought to be declining due to fire suppression and commercial harvest. Additional goals for the project included identifying ecological conditions that produce the highest leaf quality for basketry and gathering recommendations of tribal members for the perpetuation of basket making traditions. For the data shared here, plants at three wildfire sites were measured over three years to understand how light, water, fire severity and harvest influence population growth and leaf quality for weaving. Data are well-suited for analysis with Integral Projection Models, as well as other approaches.","keyword":["population dynamics","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","biota","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Ecology","Plant ecology","Environment and People","Impact of people on environment","Fire","Fire ecology","Fire effects on environment","Fire suppression, pre-suppression","Forest & Plant Health","Botany","Climate effects","Forest Products","Non-wood forest products","Oregon","Mount Hood National Forest"],"spatial":"-122.12710,44.81830,-121.66410,45.27160","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0028","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0028","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2019-06-20"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"North American Wildland Fuel Database","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0025","description":"The mass of live and dead vegetation, termed biomass, is used in a variety of applications including carbon mapping, wildland smoke emissions modeling, and fire management. In many mapping projects, single biomass values are often used to represent classified vegetation types. However, in reality, the biomass of grasslands, shrublands and forests is extremely variable, and mapped values are associated with a high degree of uncertainty. In this study, we developed a database of wildland fuel biomass (North American Wildland Fuel Database) by major vegetation type (i.e., tree crowns, snags, shrubs, herb, downed wood by size class, litter and duff) in the United States and Canada. This database is a compilation of existing databases and published literature, with wildland fuel biomass converted to a standard unit of measure (megagrams per hectare).The primary goal of this study is to characterize the inherent variability in wildland fuels and facilitate uncertainty analysis in modeling applications. Published distributions will be useful for informing the first-generation biomass and wildland fuels mapping that incorporates uncertainty estimates by major category. Results of this study also will help inform future sampling needs to better represent the biomass of wildland fuels. Because biomass is a common input in fire and smoke models, uncertainty intervals informed by our database can be used to better understand uncertainty in predictions of wildland fuel consumption and emissions and in regional to national mapping applications for biomass, carbon and emissions inventories.These data were originally published on 06\/21\/2019. Minor metadata updates were made on 03\/04\/2024.","keyword":["wildland fuel","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","biota","environment","Fire","Forest Products","Bioenergy and biomass","continental United States","Alaska","Canada"],"spatial":"-168.00000,24.50000,-67.00000,72.00000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0025","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0025","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-03-04"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Fire Lab tree list: A tree-level model of the conterminous United States landscape circa 2014","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0026","description":"Observations of the forests of the conterminous United States at the level of individual trees would be of utility for any number of applications, ranging from modelling the effect of wildland fire on terrestrial carbon resources to estimation of timber volume. While such observations do exist at selected spots such as established forest plots, most forests have not been mapped with this level of specificity. To fill the gap in tree-level mapping, we used a modelling approach that employed a random forests machine-learning technique. This technique was nearly identical to that employed by Riley et al. (2016), except that it used disturbance variables in addition to topographic and biophysical variables. This method imputes the plot with the best statistical match, according to a \u201cforest\u201d of decision trees, to each pixel of gridded landscape data. A set of predictor variables was used to train the random forests algorithm, which was then leveraged to extrapolate measurements across forested areas of the conterminous United States. Specifically, predictor variables consisted of percent forest cover, height, and vegetation type, as well as topography (slope, elevation, and aspect), location (latitude and longitude), biophysical variables (photosynthetically active radiation, precipitation, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, relative humidity, and vapour pressure deficit), and disturbance history (time since disturbance and disturbance type) for the landscape circa 2014. These variables were present or were derived for both 1) the detailed reference data, which consisted of forest plot data from the U.S. Forest Service\u2019s Forest and Inventory Analysis program (FIA) version 1.7.1 and 2) the landscape target data, which consisted of raster data at 30x30 meter (m) resolution provided by Landscape Fire and Resource Management Planning Tools (LANDFIRE; https:\/\/landfire.gov\/) FIA plots were imputed to the raster data by the random forests algorithm, providing a tree-level model of all forested areas in the conterminous U.S. Of 67,141 single-condition FIA plots available to random forests, 62,758 of these (93.5%) were utilized in imputation to 2,841,601,981 forested pixels.\n\nThe main output of this project (the GeoTIFF available in this data publication) is a map of imputed plot identifiers at 30\u00d730 m spatial resolution for the conterminous U.S. for landscape conditions circa 2014. This map is commonly known as \"TreeMap 2014\". The map of plot identifiers can be linked to the FIA databases available through the FIA DataMart (https:\/\/apps.fs.usda.gov\/fia\/datamart\/datamart_access.html) or to the Microsoft Access Database and ASCII files included in this data publication to produce tree-level maps or to map other plot attributes. These files also contain attributes regarding the FIA PLOT CN (a unique identifier for each time a plot is measured), the inventory year, the state code and abbreviation, the unit code, the county code, the plot number, the subplot number, the tree record number, and for each tree: the status (live or dead), species, diameter, height, actual height (where broken), crown ratio, number of trees per acre, and a unique identifier for each tree and tree visit. Application of the dataset to research questions other than those related to aboveground biomass and carbon should be investigated by the researcher before proceeding. The dataset may be suitable for other applications and for use across various scales (stand, landscape, and region), however, the researcher should test the dataset's applicability to a particular research question before proceeding.Geospatial data describing tree species or forest structure are required for many analyses and models of forest landscape dynamics. Forest data must have resolution and continuity sufficient to reflect site gradients in mountainous terrain and stand boundaries imposed by historical events, such as wildland fire and timber harvest. Such detailed forest structure data are not available for large areas of public and private lands in the United States, which rely on forest inventory at fixed plot locations at sparse densities. While direct sampling technologies such as light detection and ranging (LiDAR) may eventually make broad coverage of detailed forest inventory feasible, no such data sets at the scale of the conterminous United States (CONUS) are currently available.See the Entity and Attributes section for details regarding the relationship between the data files included in this publication and the FIA DataMart.\n\t  \nThese data were published on 07\/02\/2019. On 03\/26\/2021, the metadata was updated to include reference to a new publication. On 02\/01\/2024, some additional minor metadata updates were made and trees_CONUS_5_15_2019.mdb was removed from the package because it is an older format and the same content is included via text files.","keyword":["biota","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Forest & Plant Health","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Natural Resource Management & Use","Conservation","Ecosystem services","Forest management","Restoration","Timber","Wilderness","Forest Inventory Analysis","imputation","LANDFIRE","random forests","tree list","conterminous United States","CONUS"],"spatial":"-128.97722,22.76862,-65.25445,51.64968","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0026","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0026","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-02-01"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"DISTRIB-II: habitat suitability of eastern United States trees","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0029","description":"Modeled habitat suitability for 125 eastern United States trees species under 1981-2010 climate conditions and projected future conditions (2070-2099) were created using a statistical modeling approach that correlates mean importance values to environmental data. The associated files includes importance values, derived from tree basal area and number of stems, for the species according to USDA Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis data, modeled under current conditions, and for eight future scenarios.\n\nPotential suitable habitat was modeled using Random Forest (Breiman 2001), a decision-tree based ensemble approach that correlates mean importance values with environmental data on climate, elevation, and soil. Swapping 30-year mean climate conditions for a baseline period (1981-2010) with projections for the future (2070-2099) results in potential suitable habitat representing a species potential abundance. A hybrid lattice consisting of 10 \u00d7 10 and 20 \u00d7 20 kilometer (km) cells, defined by the density of forest inventory plots, was used to process environmental data and model potential suitable habitat as individual tree species importance values. Downscaled future climate projections were obtained from the NASA Earth Exchange Downscaled Climate Projections (NEX-DCP30) program (Thrasher et al. 2013). Output from three general circulation models (GCM) were used to explore possible changes in habitat suitability resulting from climate change, and included the NCAR Community Climate System Model (CCSM4, Gent et al. 2011), NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Coupled Model 3 (GFDL CM3, Donner et al. 2011), and Met Office Hadley Global Environment Model 2 - Earth System (HadGEM2 - ES, Jones et al. 2011). Projections under the representative concentration pathways (RCP, Moss et al. 2008) 4.5 and 8.5 were used to encapsulate the range of plausible increases in greenhouse gases during this century. Reported values are based on a statistical process to include mean importance values supplemented by median importance values, when the median predicted values were zero and the mean predicted values were \u2265 2.75 times the coefficient of variation for each 10 \u00d7 10 or 20 \u00d7 20 km cell. An important caveat when interpreting these models is that they are predicting potential suitable habitat by year 2100 \u2013 not where the species will be found. See Iverson et al. (2019) and Peters et al. (2019) for more details.Knowing where suitable habitat for a species exists and how changes may unfold as a result of changing climatic conditions allows resource managers to plan for future conditions.This file\/version supersedes those associated with Iverson et al. (2008). Additional information and products are available at https:\/\/www.fs.fed.us\/nrs\/atlas.\n\t  \nOriginal metadata date was 07\/10\/2019. Metadata updated on 08\/08\/2019 to include reference to new publication. On 11\/01\/2019 the modeled importance values for each species were updated based on random forest models that used a corrected calculation of daylength coefficient of variation. For most species, this is a minor predictor variable and modeled importance values haven\u2019t changed much, though a slight difference may be observed as a result of random sampling within the modeling framework. Model reliability for two species has changed due to the correction, Pinus clausa (sand pine, 107) is now high and Quercus texana (Texas red oak, 828) is now medium. Metadata were also updated to note this change.","keyword":["climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","Climate change","Climatology","modeled niche","potential suitable habitat","tree species","importance value","DISTRIB-II","eastern United States","Alabama","Arkansas","Connecticut","Delaware","District of Columbia","Florida","Georgia","Illinois","Indiana","Iowa","Kansas","Kentucky","Louisiana","Maine","Maryland","Massachusetts","Michigan","Minnesota","Mississippi","Missouri","Nebraska","New Hampshire","New Jersey","New York","North Carolina","North Dakota","Ohio","Oklahoma","Pennsylvania","Rhode Island","South Carolina","South Dakota","Tennessee","Texas","Vermont","Virginia","West Virginia","Wisconsin"],"spatial":"-106.13862,23.371768,-65.533596,50.397319","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0029","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0029","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2019-11-01"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Common garden data on dispersal adaptations and postglacial migration in pitch pine","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0040","description":"In October 1969 and 1970, cones were collected from Pinus rigida trees in the 30 areas in the northeastern United States and an additional area in Quebec, Canada. Seedlings from these areas (also referred to as provenances) were grown and then transplanted into six common gardens in Korea, New Jersey, Nebraska, Connecticut, and two in Massachusetts in 1974. Multiple stands were sampled from each provenance and considered replicates for the provenances. There were a total of 372 trees in 62 stands sampled. Trees were sampled at various times between 1975 and 2008, as funding and time allowed. Survival and growth were measured as standard indicators of environmental adaptation. Precocity, fecundity, seed mass, and seed number were measured as characteristics that may be associated with dispersal into and occupation of deglaciated terrain. Strobili, catkin, and cone numbers were characterized in great detail for the U.S. gardens. Snow damage, frost burn and susceptibility to various insects and diseases were noted as they are important to survival and reproduction. This data publication contains measurements from Ledig et al. (2015) summarized by seed source and plantation. Data, which varies across gardens, include measurements such as average tree height, calculated average inside bark volume, tree survival and percentage of trees bearing live cones, strobili, closed cones, sweetfern rust galls, etc. There are also some additional post-2008 measurements from the Korean garden such as length of seed wings, seed mass, and branch angle.The objective of this study was to determine the role of genetics and environment in producing the varied phenotypes of pitch pine throughout its range and provide insights into how pitch pine colonized the deglaciated northeastern United States and the unglaciated Southern Appalachian Mountains in the Holocene.","keyword":["clutch size","fecundity","glacial refugia","Pinaceae","Pinus rigida","precocity","seed mass","serotiny","biota","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Plant ecology","Forest & Plant Health","Botany","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Korea","United States","Omok Chon-Dong","Suwon","Korea","Brendan T. Byrne State Forest","New Lisbon","New Jersey","Hastings","Nebraska","Great Mountain Forest","Norfolk","Connecticut","Myles Standish State Forest","Plymouth","Massachusetts","Clinton","northeastern United States"],"spatial":"-180.00000,34.75000,180.00000,45.11000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0040","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0040","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2019-08-22"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Data and R source code for \"Fire severity and changing composition of forest understory plant communities\"","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0031","description":"This data publication includes all data and R source code for \"Fire severity and changing composition of forest understory plant communities\" by Stevens et al. (2019). The data capture pre-fire (1996-1997) and post-fire (2003-2012) vascular understory plant community composition for 20 0.1-hectare (ha) plots in a 400-ha dry conifer forest site that burned with a range of fire severities in the 2002 Hayman Fire, Colorado, USA. The data also capture plot environmental characteristics and characteristics of the plant taxa in the communities. The R source code uses the data to examine how gradients of fire severity affected the presence of cool-mesic and warm-xeric taxa over the study period, defined here according to taxa biogeographic affinity of paleobotanical lineages.Gradients of fire severity in dry conifer forests can be associated with variation in understory plant composition. Recent work in California, USA, dry conifer forests has suggested that more severely burned stands contain more thermophilic taxa (those associated with warm-xeric as opposed to cool-mesic conditions, based on biogeographic affinity of paleobotanical lineages), and that forest disturbance may therefore accelerate floristic shifts already underway due to climate change. However, it remains unknown how rapidly thermophilic taxa shifts occur following fire, how long such shifts are likely to persist, and how different post-fire communities are from pre-fire communities. These data and source code files were used to address these uncertainties.These data were originally published on 08\/05\/2019. On 11\/18\/2021 the metadata was updated to include complete citation information for article related to these data.","keyword":["biota","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Plant ecology","Fire","Fire ecology","biodiversity","biogeographic affinity","dry conifer forests","fire","Hayman Fire","thermophilization","understory","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","Colorado","Hayman Fire","Pike National Forest"],"spatial":"-105.25000,39.12800,-105.22300,39.14900","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0031","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0031","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-11-18"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Forest Inventory and Analysis database","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2001-FIADB","description":"The Forest and Inventory database (FIADB) can be used to produce information on a wide variety of forest statistics including forest area, numbers of trees, tree biomass, tree volume, volume of growth, volume of mortality, and volume harvested.  These statistics can be categorized by different data elements. The area estimates, for example, can be categorized by county, forest type, ownership, and stand-size, while estimates for numbers of trees, biomass, and volume can additionally be categorized by tree species, and tree diameter.  The FIADB structure was developed to provide users with as much data as possible in a consistent manner among States. Frequency of data collection for individual states has varied over time. Annual inventories use a common plot design and common data collection procedures nationwide, resulting in greater consistency among FIA work units than earlier inventories. Many inventories conducted prior to the implementation of the annual inventory are available in the FIADB - the earliest dating back to 1968. However, various data attributes may be nulled or the items may have been collected or computed differently. Data are distributed via the FIA DataMart in the FIADB structure as well as a number of derived structures, reflecting pre-defined subsets of FIADB. Links to field collection manuals and the FIADB user's manual are provided in this metadata document.The Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) research program has been in existence since mandated by Congress in 1928. FIA\u2019s primary objective is to determine the extent, condition, volume, growth, and depletion of timber on the Nation\u2019s forest land. Before 1999, all inventories were conducted on a periodic basis. The 1998 Farm Bill required FIA to collect data annually on plots within each State. This kind of up-to-date information is essential to frame realistic forest policies and programs. In addition to the data, summary reports for individual States are published.To protect the integrity of the FIA sample, the exact coordinates of our sample plot locations are kept confidential. This protects the privacy of landowners who allow FIA field crews on their land, as well as protects the plots from any tampering. This policy of location confidentiality is incorporated into law through the Fiscal Year 2000 Consolidated Appropriations Bill (PL 106-113) which amended the Food Security Act of 1985 (7 U.S.C. 2276(d)) to include FIA data to the list of items that require confidential treatment.\n\t  \nThe original date for this metadata document is 07\/18\/2019. On 07\/29\/2022 minor metadata updates were made, which included the correction of old URLs where possible.","keyword":["biota","economy","environment","geospatial","National Geospatial Data Asset","land use land cover theme","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Assessments","Resource inventory","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","Economics","Timber","continental United States","Alaska","Hawaii","American Samoa","Palau","Puerto Rico","Virgin Islands"],"spatial":"-172.00000,-15.00000,-57.00000,72.00000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2001-FIADB","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2001-FIADB","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-07-28"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Red alder soil-site study","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0032","description":"There were several data sets collected in 25- to 50-year-old, well stocked, natural red alder stands in western Washington and northwestern Oregon between April and December of 1982. These were designed to develop relationships between red alder site index and soil site properties, and to evaluate height growth patterns from stem analysis data as well as to collect additional data on tree and stand characteristics in natural stands. This data publication contains the data from this study. The site data included elevation, slope, precipitation, and physiographic position. The soil data included soil texture, organic matter, pH, internal drainage, soil depth, rock and gravel content, depth to summer water table, parent material, and bulk density. In addition, a subset of stands had dominant and codominant trees felled and stem sections aged and measured for diameter.This project was part of short-rotation research on biomass production of Populus and Alnus funded by the U.S. Department of Energy. Funding agency was interested in predicting where alder would grow best and how to quantify it. In addition, planned future work related to shorter rotations seemed more appropriate with site index curves based on a younger base age so trees were felled and analyzed to develop height growth and site index curves for base age 20 (older curves used base age 50).Additional red alder soil-site data collected by Crown Zellerbach, the USDA Soil Conservation Service, and the British Columbia Ministry of Forests were collected, evaluated, and then used for some analyses; those data are included in these files as appropriate. Previously published height-over-age data was also included as that data source was not available online (Johnson and Worthington 1963).","keyword":["biota","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Plant ecology","Soil","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","site quality","site index","red alder","Alnus rubra","elevation","bulk density","pH","soil drainage","soil texture","depth to water table","soil parent material","physiographic position","stem analysis","stand structure","tree diameter","tree height","western Washington","northwestern Oregon"],"spatial":"-124.10000,45.00000,-121.20000,48.70000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0032","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0032","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2019-07-19"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Kings River Experimental Watersheds streamwater chemistry","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0040","description":"The Kings River Experimental Watersheds (KREW) is a long-term research project in the mixed-conifer forest of the Sierra Nevada that began in the early 2000's. The project is located in the headwaters of the Kings River on the Sierra National Forest, northeast of Fresno, California. The project has a paired-watershed design with two groups of watersheds (sites). The two sites are called Providence Creek and Bull Creek. Part of the Teakettle Experimental Forest is in the Bull Creek site. There are eight original primary catchments; two additional catchments (P300 and B200) were added in 2005 and 2006. The ten catchments are clustered into two groups, called the Providence Site and the Bull Site. Providence catchments (P300, P301, P303, P304, and D102) ranged in size from 49 to 461 hectares, and had mean elevations ranging from 1,782 to 1,979 meters. Bull catchments (B200, B201, B203, B204, and T003) ranged in size from 53 to 474 hectares, and had mean elevation ranging from 2,122 to 2,373 meters. All catchments, except T003, had a dominant southwest aspect, whereas T003 faced primarily southeast. This data publication contains streamwater grab samples that were collected by hand on a regular schedule of every two weeks when possible from 2003 through 2011. Streamwater samples were also collected by automated ISCO\u2122 samplers during high-flow events.The streamwater chemistry data were collected to characterize the variability in water chemistry for Sierra Nevada headwater systems (pre-treatment period of 2003 through summer 2012 or water year (WY) 2004 through WY2012) and to determine if any negative changes occurred during or immediately after tree thinning and prescribed burning for forest restoration (post-treatment started in October 2012 or WY2013). We also wanted to determine, if there was a change in water chemistry, how long it would be before the chemistry returned to pre-treatment conditions. The goal was to measure two types of samples. Grab samples taken by technicians on a regular schedule of every two weeks except in summer (baseflow) when once a month was considered adequate. Event samples were taken during storms or other high-flow events such as snowmelt by automated ISCO\u2122 samplers triggered by changes in stream discharge.","keyword":["stream","shallow soil","snow","environment","Forest & Plant Health","Air, soil, water pollution (environmental injury)","Kings River Experimental Watersheds","Kings River","Providence Creek","Bull Creek","Teakettle Experimental Forest","Sierra National Forest","California","Fresno County","Sierra Nevada"],"spatial":"-119.20987,36.95843,-119.02609,37.07366","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0040","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0040","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2019-07-25"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Historical northeastern forested boundary of the Great Plains grasslands in the United States","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0034","description":"Precise definition of the Great Plains grasslands has defied consensus, but historical vegetation reconstruction can provide a more authoritative boundary of the ecotone between the Great Plains and eastern forests. After comparing Great Plains boundaries, an eastern boundary was developed using evidence from historical tree surveys during the 1800s. The definition differs from others by including Illinois and small sections in Indiana and Wisconsin, but excluding Missouri due to regular tree presence overall at landscape scales, resulting in an extent of 2.29 million square kilometers in 15 states. Establishing the historical eastern boundary based on historical tree surveys contributes a solution to the debate over competing versions of the Great Plains. This data publication provides this historical boundary as a shapefile.Develop an eastern boundary to the Great Plains using historical tree surveys.","keyword":["biota","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","grasslands","Great Plains","Illinois","Indiana","Iowa","Wisconsin","Minnesota","Missouri"],"spatial":"-113.44829,25.07461,-85.18285,50.07635","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0034","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0034","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2019-08-08"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Current and future plant hardiness zones for the conterminous United States","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0035","description":"This data publication includes raster digital files containing plant hardiness zones of current climate (1981\u20132010) and future climates (2070\u20132099; CanESM2, GFDL-ESM2G, and HadGEM2-ES general circulation models at representative concentration pathway 8.5) in the conterminous United States. Plant hardiness zones represent the coldest day of the year, averaged over 30 years. For the plant hardiness zones, we identified the lowest daily minimum temperature of the winter-centric year (July\u2013June) and then averaged each year\u2019s extreme daily minimum during 30 years. We assigned 5.6 \u00b0Celsius (\u00b0C) zones and 2.8 \u00b0C half zones.Visualization of plant hardiness zones of current climate (1981\u20132010) and future climates (2070\u20132099) in the United States.Original metadata date was 08\/09\/2019. Minor metadata updates were made on 08\/21\/2019.","keyword":["farming","boundaries","environment","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","environment","geoscientificInformation","Climate change","Climatology","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Forest & Plant Health","coldest day","plant hardiness zones","United States"],"spatial":"-134.812794,21.123092,-56.881344,52.346004","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0035","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0035","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2019-08-21"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"LANDIS-II input dataset of scenarios, climate, ecoregions, and parameters for the development of outcome prioritization on fuel treatment placement in extreme fire weather in Dinkey Creek watershed within the Sierra National Forest","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0036","description":"This data publication contains the collection of data assembled to develop prioritization strategies for implementing fuel treatments across the Dinkey Creek watershed, within the Sierra National Forest in California, with the goal of maximizing treatment efficacy using optimal placement and prescriptions under extreme fire weather conditions to create more fire resilient landscapes. This data consists of a collection of comma-delimited ASCII text files, tiff files, and ASCII text files. The compiled data files include plant traits parameterized by plant functional group and the species parameters that govern growth and dispersal used to create the spatially explicit initial community. The data contain the unique edaphically and climatically parameters for the ecoregions and management regions and the fire probability and parameters for the fire regions. Climate data from 1950 to 2000 used for model spin-up and model management scenarios are included in this dataset. We used the Landscape Disturbance and Succession model, LANDIS-II v.6.0, which is used for understanding ecosystem dynamics, feedbacks associated with wildfire, and fuel treatment effectiveness across space and time. We simulated the regeneration and growth of vegetation, detritus and soil nutrient cycling, heterotrophic respiration, stochastic wildfires, and forest treatments (harvesting, thinning, and prescribed fire). We implemented multiple model scenarios, namely a no-management scenario to determine landscape fire risk, a typical fuel treatment scenario, a prioritized treatments scenario based on simulated fire risk from the no-management scenario. These scenarios were run with contemporary and extreme fire weather conditions.These data were collected to parameterize a landscape model to address prioritization strategies for implementing fuel treatments across the Dinkey Creek watershed: within the Sierra National Forest, Joint Fire Science Program Project (14-1-01-2).","keyword":["environment","Fire","Fire effects on environment","Prescribed fire","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","fire weather","climate","forest carbon","fuel treatments","wildland fire","carbon sequestration","fire emissions","mixed-conifer","LANDIS-II","landscape modeling","forest disturbance","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","California","Dinkey Creek watershed","Sierra Nevada"],"spatial":"-119.32230,36.90270,-119.00500,37.18910","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0036","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0036","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2019-08-28"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04"],"programCode":["010:164"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Data for \"Nesting success of wood-cavity-nesting bees declines with increasing time since wildfire\"","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0037","description":"We investigated how wood-cavity-nesting bee species richness, nesting success, as well as nesting and floral resources varied across gradients of wildfire severity and time-since-burn (Simananok and Burkle 2019). We sampled nesting bees via nesting boxes within four wildfires in southwest Montana, USA using a space-for-time substitution chronosequence approach spanning 3 to 25 years post-burn and including an unburned control. In addition we collected information on local habitat characteristics including the number of wood cavities, volume of coarse woody debris, and percent canopy cover.These data were part of a study designed to investigate how wood-cavity-bee nesting success might change after wildfire. Cavity-nesting bees require foraging and nesting resources to occur in close proximity; however, spatial and temporal patterns in the availability and quantity of these resources can be affected by disturbances like wildfire. The potential for spatial or temporal separation of foraging and nesting resources is of particular concern for solitary wood-cavity-nesting bees as they are central-place, short-distance foragers once they have established their nest. Often the importance of nesting resources for bees have been tested by sampling foraging bees as a proxy, and nesting bees have rarely been studied in a community context, particularly post-disturbance.Data were originally published on 10\/03\/2019. Metadata were updated on 10\/07\/2019 to include reference to newly published journal article.","keyword":["biota","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Animal ecology","Ecology","Plant ecology","Fire","Fire ecology","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Invertebrates","native bees","pollinators","pyrodiversity","pollination services","nesting success","solitary bees","wood-cavity-nesting bees","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","Montana","Custer Gallatin National Forest","Absaroka-Beartooth Wilderness"],"spatial":"-113.73,45.23,-110.41,45.52","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0037","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0037","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2019-10-07"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"High-resolution land cover of Nebraska (2014)","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0038","description":"This data publication contains 2014 high-resolution land cover data for each of the 93 counties within Nebraska. These data are a digital representation of land cover derived from 1-meter aerial imagery from the National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP). There is a separate file for each county. Data are intended for use in rural areas and therefore do not include land cover in cities and towns. Land cover classes (tree cover, other land cover, or water) were mapped using an object-based image analysis approach and supervised classification.These data are designed for conducting geospatial analyses and for producing cartographic products. In particular, these data are intended to depict the location of tree cover in the county. The mapping procedures were developed specifically for agricultural landscapes that are dominated by annual crops, rangeland, and pasture and where tree cover is often found in narrow configurations, such as windbreaks and riparian corridors. Because much of the tree cover in agricultural areas of the United States occurs in windbreaks and narrow riparian corridors, many geospatial datasets derived from coarser-resolution satellite data (such as Landsat), do not capture these landscape features. This dataset is intended to address this particular data gap.This metadata file contains documentation for the entire set of land cover county files. Individual metadata documents containing detailed information specific to each county (e.g., bounding coordinates) are included with each raster dataset.","keyword":["imageryBaseMapsEarthCover","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Resource inventory","Natural Resource Management & Use","Agroforestry","Water","tree cover","windbreaks","agroforestry","riparian","land cover","Nebraska"],"spatial":"-104.052841,39.999886,-95.307999,43.002796","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0038","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0038","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2019-08-29"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04"],"programCode":["010:164"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Data for \"Pines vs. oaks revisited: Forest type conversion due to high-severity fire in Madrean Woodlands\"","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0039","description":"This data publication contains the data from a two-year project, \"Pines vs. Oaks Revisited: Forest Type Conversion Due to High-severity Fire in Madrean Woodlands,\" funded by the Joint Fire Science Program (Project ID 15-1-07-22). This study was carried out in the Chiricahua Mountains in southeastern Arizona and includes data from 68 plots that were sampled in 2016-2017. These vegetation plots were repeatedly sampled before and after the 1994 Rattlesnake and 2011 Horseshoe Two Fires in the Chiricahua Mountains to evaluate the extent to which repeated crown fires have converted Madrean pine-oak forest to oak shrubland in the Sky Islands of Arizona. This data publication also includes some of the data collected prior to the 2016-2017 study. Data include (1) Drought: annual Palmer Drought Severity Index for southeastern Arizona for 1895-2016. (2) Soil nutrient status in relation to fire severity (delta normalized burn ratio, dNBR) in plots. (3) Litter depth relation to fire severity (delta normalized burn ratio, dNBR) in plots. (4) Canopy cover in relation to fire severity. (5) Physiography, moisture, solar radiation, and fire severity for the same plots. (6) Woody plant species importance. (7) Density of juveniles of pines and oaks for five sample years from 1988-2016. (8) Height of juveniles for pine and oak species. (9) Leaf reflectance for pine and oak juvenile plants from a subset of plots. (10) Photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and transpiration of leaves of pines and oaks from a subset of plots. (11) Chlorophyll, anthocyanin, and water content for leaves of pines and oaks collected from a subset of plots. (12) Wood isotope data to assess drought response for five annual rings after the Horseshoe Two Fire for juveniles of pines and oaks. These datasets may be useful for future comparisons across sites in the Southwest that examine the impacts of wildfire and compare responses across woody plant species.These data were collected to investigate the differing responses of pine vs. oak species to large wildfires and the changes wrought on Madrean pine-oak forest.These data are also available through the University of Maine at Farmington and Wesleyan University.","keyword":["biota","Climate change","Fire","pine","oak","resprouting","wildfire","high-severity fire","forest type conversion","drought","Horseshoe Two Fire","Rattlesnake Fire","Madrean pine-oak forest","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","Pinus engelmannii","Pinus leiophylla","Quercus arizonica","Quercus hypoleucoides","Arizona","Chiricahua Mountains","Sky Islands","Sierra Madrean Archipelago","Coronado National Forest","Chiricahua National Monument","Cave Creek Canyon","Rhyolite Canyon"],"spatial":"-109.35370,31.85098,-109.20180,32.03118","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0039","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0039","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2019-09-09"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Socioeconomic data for Forest Service 2020 RPA Assessment","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0041","description":"These data provide observed county-level population and personal income data from 2010 and document the projections of those variables over the 2015-2070 period, in five-year increments, for five Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) that are the basis for 2020 Renewable Resources Planning Act (RPA) Assessment socioeconomic scenarios. The SSPs are more fully described in the \u201cRPA socioeconomic scenarios summary\u201d document provided in this publication\u2019s Supplemental Information. These data cover the conterminous United States of America.These data are a key set of drivers that are used in multiple natural resource analyses done to meet the legislative requirements of the Forest and Rangeland RPA of 1974. Data from several sources were used to create the historical data and provide national scale guidance for the projections. In fulfillment of the Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act of 1974, the USDA Forest Service periodically assesses the condition and trends of the Nation's renewable resources. These data support the development of future scenarios that are the basis for all resource analyses in the Assessment.Original metadata date was 09\/16\/2019. On 09\/25\/2019 the data and metadata were updated to include 2010 data. On 10\/17\/2023 metadata was updated to include reference to published RPA Assessment.","keyword":["scenarios","socioeconomics","population","personal income","counties","Shared Socioeconomic Pathway","RPA Assessment","economy","society","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Assessments","Natural Resource Management & Use","Economics","conterminous United States","United States counties"],"spatial":"-134.81279,21.12309,-56.88134,52.34600","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0041","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0041","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-10-17"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Frank Church\u2013River of No Return Wilderness: data from 1995 survey of commercial and private boat users of the Salmon River","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0043","description":"These data represent a study of the dominant user groups on the Main and Middle Forks of the Salmon River on the Frank Church\u2013River of No Return Wilderness in Idaho. Though these groups are using similar equipment and traveling on the same river at the same time, they differ in most aspects of their expectations for the trip, problems they encounter, and what they think managers should do to protect the resource. Additional questions included demographics (e.g., state of residence, income, education, profession) and group characteristics (e.g., size, type of equipment, level of experience). This survey was conducted in 1995, during the primary use season. Boat users were asked questions at the launch point, take out point, as well as on their first, third, and last night on the river. The sampling process resulted in 238 commercial clients and 301 private party members.The intention of the study was to support an interdisciplinary planning team focused on commercial and private boat use of these rivers. An understanding of demographics, river use history, specialization, and perceptions of crowding, resource conditions, and policies were important for managers to know about their users during this planning process.","keyword":["environment","inlandWaters","location","society","Environment and People","Natural Resource Management & Use","visitors","visitor experience","encounters","recreation","commercial use","private use","management planning","wilderness use","use allocation","permits","Wild and Scenic Rivers","Idaho","Middle Fork Salmon","Main Fork Salmon","Frank Church River of No Return Wilderness","Cache Bar","Carey Creek","Boundary Creek","Corn Creek"],"spatial":"-115.94588,45.45323,-115.29424,44.53180","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0043","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0043","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2019-09-26"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Tree measurement data from C45 spacing and species mixtures trials, Wind River Experimental Forest","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0044","description":"Five units of old-growth were clearcut circa 1980 on Trout Creek Hill, Wind River Experimental Forest in southwestern Washington to establish new stands relevant to management questions in young growth stands. Spacing trials (1x1 or 2x2 meter (m) for the closest spacings up to 6x6 m for the widest spacing) were planted from 1979 to 1982 for Douglas-fir, western white pine, noble fir, western redcedar and western hemlock. In addition, mixtures of various species combinations (50\/50 or 33\/33\/33) were planted at 3x3 m spacing. All treatment plots were 0.4 hectares in size. Permanent measurement plots were established and trees tagged. Many of these plots have been measured several times between 1989 and 2014 for basic tree measurements such as height, diameter, height to live crown, and crown width as well as tree condition metrics such as survival, relative competitive status, and damage to foliage or stem.The initial goal for this study was to document tree growth response of tree species to initial spacing. Over time we also assessed competition to individual trees from other trees or shrubs so those variables could be used in analyses.The western redcedar was heavily browsed on most plots and the western hemlock stock did not do well when planted on exposed sites.","keyword":["biota","farming","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","spacing trial","tree growth","stand growth","crown width","height to live crown","tree height","tree diameter","species mixture","silviculture","Douglas-fir","pseudotsuga menziesii","western white pine","Pinus monticola","noble fir","Abies procera","western hemlock","Tsuga heterophylla","western redcedar","Thuja plicata","grand fir","Abies grandis","red alder","Alnus rubra","Pacific dogwood","Cornus nuttallii","Pacific silver fir","Abies amabilis","Wind River Experimental Forest","Washington","southwest Washington","Trout Creek Hill","Gifford Pinchot National Forest","Mt. Adams Ranger District"],"spatial":"-122,45.81,-121,45.85","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0044","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0044","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2019-09-30"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Vegetation data following the Fire and Fire Surrogate Study in western Montana","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0040","description":"This data publication includes data used in \"Vegetation dynamics following compound disturbance in a dry pine forest: fuel treatment then bark beetle outbreak\" by Crotteau et al. (2020). These data represent overstory and understory vegetation present in the northern Rocky Mountains installment of the Fire & Fire Surrogate Study at Lubrecht Experimental Forest in Montana. Data were collected from 2002 to 2016 with a range of plot sizes, with sampling plot scale varying by attribute of interest from 0.0001 to 0.1 hectares. Data include overstory attributes such as tree density, stand basal area, stand volume, stand quadratic mean diameter, stand density index, stand canopy cover, and ponderosa pine composition. Data also include understory attributes such as seedling and sapling density, seedling and sapling ponderosa pine composition, species richness, species evenness, Shannon's diversity index, total cover, exotic cover, native cover, graminoid cover, forb\/herb cover, and shrub cover.Data were collected to support the Fire & Fire Surrogate Study and document vegetation dynamics over time following restorative fuel treatment and mountain pine beetle outbreak.More information about the Fire & Fire Surrogate Study can be found here: https:\/\/www.frames.gov\/ffs.\n\t  \nData were originally published on 10\/08\/2019. Minor metadata updates were made on 03\/11\/2024.","keyword":["biota","environment","Fire","Fire ecology","Prescribed fire","Natural Resource Management & Use","Restoration","Forest management","Forest & Plant Health","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Pinus ponderosa","fire exclusion","understory diversity","frequent fire ecosystem","early seral restoration","Dendroctonus ponderosae","Fire & Fire Surrogate Study","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","Montana","Lubrecht Experimental Forest"],"spatial":"-113.45900,46.88600,-113.42200,46.91100","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0040","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0040","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-03-11"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Digital surface, terrain, and canopy height models for Moscow Mountain in 2009","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0045","description":"This data publication contains three digital rasters with a spatial resolution of one meter: 1) a digital surface model (DSM), which represents the highest lidar return in each grid cell; 2) a digital terrain model (DTM), a representation of the ground surface with vegetation and other non-ground returns removed; and 3) a canopy height model (CHM), a representation of the height of vegetation above the ground surface. Digital rasters were derived from lidar data that were acquired over Moscow Mountain, Idaho, USA in 2009. Lidar data were also acquired across a small area in the northeast in 2007 \u2013 this area is also included in this data publication.To provide a high-resolution representation of vegetation structure across Moscow Mountain.","keyword":["biota","imageryBaseMapsEarthCover","elevation","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Landscape ecology","Natural Resource Management & Use","Landscape management","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","digital surface model","digital terrain model","canopy height model","remote sensing","lidar","elevation data","topography","land cover","high-resolution","forest","vegetation","Idaho","Moscow Mountain"],"spatial":"-116.99750,46.77595,-116.64320,46.87226","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0045","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0045","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2019-10-24"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Fire Behavior Assessment Team: understory vegetation, raw and processed","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0047","description":"This data publication contains the raw and processed understory vegetation data for the plots in which pre- and post-fire fuels, and fire behavior data were collected by the Fire Behavior Assessment Team (FBAT) on a subset of wildland fires in the United States from 2003-2017. This subset of the FBAT data is simply the live and dead understory plants including grasses, herbaceous plants, shrubs and seedling trees. Larger trees (those with a diameter at breast height greater than 1 inch) are included in the tree data, and fuel particles not part of rooted plants are in the surface and ground fuels data. FBAT collects pre- and post-fire fuels and tree data along with fire behavior measurements on wildland fires. FBAT is an interagency group of primarily Forest Service employees with both monitoring and fireline qualifications which collects pre- and post-fire fuels and tree data along with fire behavior measurements on wildland fires. Logistics (proximity to instrumentation\/crew members), funding, fire activity, and monitoring questions influenced the geographic regions and fires where sampling was attempted, for instance, fuel treatments recorded in the Forest Service Activity Tracking System (FACTS), as well as tree mortality areas, were each targets for FBAT sampling in the past. This data publication includes grass, herbaceous plant, shrub and tree seedling raw and processed data as well as coefficients used to calculate the live and dead biomass of these understory plants.These data are collected by the FBAT team to provide measures of pre-fire fuels\/vegetation, active fire behavior (with sensors in the fire), and post-fire fuels\/vegetation conditions during wildfires and prescribed fires for improving understanding and tools related to fire behavior and fire effects.For more information about FBAT data see: https:\/\/www.fs.fed.us\/adaptivemanagement\/projects_main_fbat.php.\n\t  \nThese data were published on 10\/31\/2019. On 12\/03\/2020 this data publication was updated to include a supplemental file that provides a diagram of the FBAT plot layout and a brief list of key method changes throughout the years FBAT has taken data to present (2020).","keyword":["environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Fire","Fire ecology","Fire effects on environment","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","fuels","live fuels","vegetation","shrubs","grasses","seedlings","herbaceous","herbs","biomass","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","United States","California","Montana","Idaho","Arizona","Wyoming","Georgia"],"spatial":"-127.972202,22.765684,-65.258792,51.632799","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0047","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0047","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2020-12-03"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Springtails (Arthropoda, Collembola) from Greater Puerto Rico: species list and distribution","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0063","description":"The Collembola fauna of Puerto Rico is reasonably well known, but many recent reports are scattered in published literature and unpublished theses. Here we present a summary of all springtail species identified from the Bank of Puerto Rico since 1927 and 2011. This includes new, previously unpublished records. In the present review we list 119 species in 59 genera and 17 families. Most species (37) belong in family Entomobryidae, but this reflects the taxonomic expertise of specialists working in Puerto Rico rather than a real bias in the distribution of higher taxa in the islands. In addition to the new reports, these data provide information on the distribution of the species outside the island bank. This current list of species is an update to original species lists from Puerto Rico (Mari Mutt 1982 and Thibaud 2014). In addition to the list of species, we make available a data set that includes a catalog of species, their habitats, historical reports and distribution maps on Greater Puerto Rico.The purpose of this dataset is to synthesize knowledge about the occurrence and distribution of the springtail fauna of Greater Puerto Rico (i.e., Puerto Rico, Vieques, Culebra, Mona), and to make it available online to the general scientific community.The present contribution updates the original species lists from Puerto Rico published by Mari Mutt (1982) and Thibaud (2014) from the Antilles. Mari Mutt (1982) reported 59 species in 39 genera and provided notes on the geographic distribution of each species according to global biogeographic zones. Thibaud (2014) presented a complete history of Collembola studies in Puerto Rico and an update, which included 74 species and their general geographic distribution.\n\t  \nThese data were published on 11\/01\/2019. Minor metadata updates were made on 05\/15\/2024.","keyword":["biota","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Collembola","distribution","database","historical data","literature","tropical forests","Puerto Rico","Luquillo Mountains","Luquillo Experimental Forest","Sabana Field Research Station","El Yunque National Forest","Caribbean"],"spatial":"67.27027,17.95527,65.46777,18.48861","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0063","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0063","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-05-15"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Summary of U.S. threatened and endangered species listings, 1976-2019","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0046","description":"These data document the summary of species, by taxonomic group, listed as threatened or endangered by the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service from 1 July 1976 to 30 September 2019 for the United States. Data were compiled from two sources: the Endangered Species Bulletins and the Environmental Conservation Online system (ECOS), http:\/\/ecos.fws.gov\/tess_public\/reports\/box-score-report.To create a temporal data set of species listed as threatened or endangered, by taxonomic group. The data are provided because the Fish & Wildlife Service does not provide temporal counts of threatened and endangered species, only counts of single points in time.","keyword":["biota","environment","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Amphibians","Birds","Fish","Invertebrates","Mammals","Reptiles","Natural Resource Management & Use","Policies and law","threatened species","endangered species","box score","vertebrates","arachnids","clams","corals","crustaceans","mollusks","insects","snails","plants","Endangered Species Act","United States"],"spatial":"-170.00000,-14.00000,144.00000,70.00000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0046","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0046","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2019-11-04"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Conifer snagfall data in bark-beetle infested subalpine forests at the Fraser Experimental Forest, Colorado, USA","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0048","description":"This data publication contains data directly associated with Rhoades et al. (2020), \"Snagfall the first decade after severe bark beetle infestation of high-elevation forests in Colorado, USA\". Over 4200 standing live and dead lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta), subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa), Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii), and beetle-killed pine snags were tagged in 2007 following the peak of a recent mountain pine bark beetle outbreak in watersheds at the Fraser Experimental Forest in northcentral Colorado. In 2007 measurements include snag species, diameter at breast height, and status (live or dead). Snagfall were re-sampled ten (in 2016) and twelve (in 2018) years later and data include the cause, position and direction of windthrow were recorded along with whether or not the trees appeared to fall as a group or separately.The persistence and fall rate of snags (standing dead trees) generated during bark beetle outbreaks have consequences for the behavior, effects and suppression of potential wildfires, hazard tree and timber salvage operations, wildlife habitat and numerous ecosystem processes. However, post-beetle snagfall dynamics are poorly understood in most forest types.These data were originally published on 12\/11\/2019. Minor metadata updates were made on 03\/11\/2024.\n\t  \nFor more information about these data and this study, see Rhoades et al. (2020).","keyword":["biota","Forest & Plant Health","Insects","Invasive species","forest disturbance","windthrow","insect outbreak","subalpine forest","mountain pine beetle","Dendroctonus ponderosae","lodgepole pine","Pinus contorta","subalpine fir","Abies lasiocarpa","Engelmann spruce","Picea engelmannii","Fraser Experimental Forest","Colorado Front Range","Colorado River watershed","Grand County","Colorado"],"spatial":"-105.9583,39.7917,-105.8458,39.9383","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0048","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0048","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-03-11"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Species location data for terrestrial vertebrates and butterflies in Arizona and New Mexico, 2005","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0049","description":"This database contains point locations of species observations for terrestrial vertebrates (birds, mammals, amphibians and reptiles) and butterflies for Arizona and New Mexico published in Bender et al. (2005). Each point observation is described by information such as the species name, date observed, details of the observer and method, animal information, and data quality. Source data was compiled from various sources, including museums, private collections, established bird surveys (North American Breeding Bird Survey and Audubon Christmas Bird Count Survey), and government and non-government organizations. These data were originally available via DVD with Bender et al. (2005) and are now available via the Forest Service Research Data Archive.The purpose of this database was to provide a catalog of geospatially referenced species observations for Arizona and New Mexico. These data are valuable to scientists and managers for the purpose of mapping species distributions from known occurrences, and may also be used, in aggregate, to indicate the distribution of biodiversity resources in the region. When these data are accompanied by sufficient environmental GIS data, the species observation database is valuable for modeling observed species occurrence to predict the likely occurrence of species in areas that have been undersampled.Original metadata created on 02\/14\/2002. Metadata was updated on 11\/08\/2019 when these data became available via the Forest Service Research Data Archive. On 01\/30\/2024, a new file (\\Data\\observed\\spprecords.accdb) was added to this data publication which simply provides an updated format for the file (\\Data\\observed\\spprecords.mdb). A few minor metadata updates were also made at this time.\n\t  \nFor more information about these data, see Bender et al. (2005).","keyword":["biota","planningCadastre","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Amphibians","Birds","Mammals","Reptiles","point observation","species occurrence","species sighting location","terrestrial vertebrates","butterflies","Arizona","New Mexico","American Southwest","USDA Forest Service Region 3"],"spatial":"-116.435036,30.405698,-102.554120,38.547881","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0049","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0049","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-01-30"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04"],"programCode":["010:164"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Survey data from: Defining \"resilient landscapes\" from multiple stakeholder perspectives in a wildland-urban interface (WUI) area","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0050","description":"While previous research suggests general support for vegetation treatments on public land, land treatments in highly visible wildland-urban interface (WUI) areas are vulnerable to public scrutiny and opposition. Further, little research has examined public support\/opposition to specific land treatment projects. This study examines public sentiment about a contested vegetation treatment\u2014Forsythe II\u2014in a WUI area of the Arapaho-Roosevelt National Forest (ARF) in Colorado. An initial phase of this project's research found vocal opposition to Forsythe II. The purpose of the present survey data collection was to understand how representative the resistance we observed regarding the Forsythe II treatments was in the ARF WUI community. A census survey (N=635) assessed level of support for the Forsythe II project along with demographics (age, gender, education, employment status, household income, home ownership versus renting), wildfire risk perceptions and perceived likely outcomes of a wildfire, land management activities (thinning, patchcuts, clearcuts, prescribed burns, natural wildfire), resident defensible space actions taken, trusted sources of information about fuel treatments, place attachment (symbolic bond to a landscape), and expectations about which agencies\/organizations would respond to a wildfire near respondents' residence.The main goal of the survey was to determine the extent of support or opposition among community members residing in the vicinity of a WUI vegetation treatment called Forsythe II.","keyword":["biota","environment","Fire","Wildland\/urban interface","wildfire mitigation","fuel treatments","place attachment","Forsythe II vegetation treatment","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","Colorado","Arapahoe-Roosevelt National Forest"],"spatial":"-106.016998,39.879204,-106.016998,39.879204","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0050","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0050","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2019-11-13"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Luquillo Experimental Forest canopy trimming experiment data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RS-2019-0051","description":"This data publication contains average daily means for field and satellite data from 3 treated and 3 control plots from the Canopy Trimming Experiment (CTE) located near El Verde Field Station (419 meters; 18\u00b020\u2019 N, 65\u00b049\u2019 W) in the Luquillo Experimental Forest (El Yunque National Forest), Puerto Rico collected from 2003 through 2019. In spring of 2005 (CTE1) and December of 2014 (CTE2), in 0.09 hectare (ha) square plots near the El Verde Field Station the forest canopy was trimmed and the canopy debris was littered to the forest floor. The plot size and trim amounts were based on the patch disturbance after the two most recent hurricanes before 2017, both category 3 hurricanes at the location of El Verde: Hugo in September 1989, and Georges in September 1998 (Zimmerman et al. 2014). Details of the trimming and littering treatment, as well as the biotic response to the 2005 experiment have been extensively documented (Richardson et al. 2010; Shiels et al. 2014, 2015; Shiels and Gonz\u00e1lez 2014). The data were collected in the inner 0.04 ha quadrants of the 0.09 ha trimmed plots to minimize edge effects. There were 3 sets of control and treated plots, with each set near El Verde field station. Field data include: solar radiation, throughfall, air temperature, soil temperature, relative humidity shallow soil, volumetric water content, soil profile volumetric water content, canopy leaf saturation, litter leaf saturation, and above canopy air temperature. Satellite data include: Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) leaf area index converted into solar radiation, MODIS land surface temperature, and Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR) soil volumetric water content.The Canopy Trimming Experiment in the Luquillo Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico, is designed to study the key mechanisms behind such a forest\u2019s response after a major hurricane, and guide how repeated hurricanes might be expected to alter such ecosystems using these key mechanisms.These data were published on 12\/12\/2019. Minor metadata updates made on 06\/23\/2023.","keyword":["disturbance","hurricanes","tropical forests","biota","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","Climate change","Climate change effects","Forest & Plant Health","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Luquillo Experimental Forest","El Verde Field Station","El Yunque National Forest","Luquillo Mountains","Puerto Rico"],"spatial":"-65.89737,18.21337,-65.69412,18.36528","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RS-2019-0051","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RS-2019-0051","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-06-23"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Forest-level appendices to the assessment of the influence of disturbance, management activities, and environmental factors on carbon stocks of U.S. National Forests","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RMRS-GTR-402-s1","description":"This is a supplement for the General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-402 \u201cAssessment of the influence of disturbance, management activities, and environmental factors on carbon stocks of U.S. National Forests\" (Birdsey et al. 2019). Included are nine appendices that contain forest-level carbon information, model results, key figures, and interpretation for individual national forests across the nine National Forest System regions in the U.S. This supplement provides information on how carbon stocks in individual national forests have been affected by factors such as timber harvesting, natural disturbances, climate variability, increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations, and nitrogen deposition. The assessments reported here are based on a detailed disturbance, climate, and atmospheric history of each national forest, and two forest carbon models: the Forest Carbon Management Framework (ForCaMF) model and the Integrated Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon (InTEC) model. Regional-scale summaries are provided in the main GTR.This information supports national forest units in assessing carbon stocks, quantifying carbon outcomes of broad forest management strategies and planning, and meeting carbon assessment requirements of the 2012 Planning Rule and Forest Service guidance. Results of these assessments provide context for project-level decisions, separated from the effects of factors that are beyond the control of land managers.","keyword":["environment","Climate change","Carbon","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Assessments","Natural Resource Management & Use","Ecosystem services","Timber","Forest management","Forest & Plant Health","Fire","Fire effects on environment","forest biology","forest carbon stock","National Forest","land management","natural disturbance","continental United States","Alaska"],"spatial":"-150.00793,17.73898,-64.73433,61.51899","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RMRS-GTR-402-s1","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RMRS-GTR-402-s1","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2019-11-22"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"High-resolution urban land cover of Kansas (2015)","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0052","description":"This data publication contains 2015 high-resolution land cover data for each of the 669 communities within Kansas. These data are a digital representation of land cover derived from 1-meter aerial imagery from the National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP). There is a separate file for each community. Data are intended for use in cities and towns. Land cover classes (tree cover, other vegetation, bare land, built-up land, and water) were mapped using an object-based image analysis approach and supervised classification.These data are designed for conducting geospatial analyses and for producing cartographic products. In particular, these data are intended to depict the location of tree cover in communities of all sizes. The mapping procedures were developed specifically for built-up landscapes that are dominated by urban and suburban development where tree cover is often found in small and\/or narrow configurations, such as along streets and streams or rivers, or in scattered clusters in yards and parks. Because much of the tree cover in urban and suburban areas of the United States occurs as individual crowns or in small clusters or narrow configurations, many geospatial datasets derived from coarser-resolution satellite data (such as Landsat), do not capture these landscape features. This dataset and others in this series are intended to address this particular data gap.This metadata file contains documentation for the entire set of community land cover files. Individual metadata documents containing detailed information specific (e.g. spatial) to each community are included with the data files.\n\t  \nLand cover data for 245 of 669 communities within Kansas were originally published on 12\/03\/2019. On 02\/24\/2021 we added data for an additional 200 communities, and a few minor updates were included for the following previously published communities: Abbyville, Ada, Admire, and Agenda. On 02\/17\/2022 we added data for the remaining 224 communities, and a few minor updates (explained in more detail in the process steps section below) were included for the following previously published communities: Elkhart, Great Bend, Hepler, Lawrence, Leawood, Lenexa, Linn Valley, Logan, and Longton.","keyword":["imageryBaseMapsEarthCover","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Resource inventory","Natural Resource Management & Use","Agroforestry","Water","tree cover","land cover","urban","Kansas"],"spatial":"-102.045253,36.993601,-94.588387,40.000958","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0052","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0052","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-02-17"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Fire and tree mortality database (FTM)","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0001","description":"The Fire and Tree Mortality (FTM) database includes standardized observations of fire injury and survival or mortality for 171,177 individual tree-level observations, representing 142 tree species across the United States. Of these, 7,191 trees have burned twice. These trees were burned in 420 prescribed fires and wildfires occurring in 35 years, from 1981 to 2016. The database was developed using 41 contributed datasets from researchers, managers, and archived data products. At a minimum, datasets had to contain measurements of individual trees, size, fire injury, and post-fire survival, but some datasets include additional data such as bark beetle attack. Only trees that were alive before the fire were included in the database. We included any trees where post-fire status was measured within 10 years of the fire. If a tree re-burned in a subsequent fire, and post-fire injury and status information were available after that fire, then a new record (row) was made for that tree after the second fire.The purpose of the FTM database is to provide access to data on individual tree mortality or top-kill from wildland and prescribed fire. By pooling as many individual datasets as possible and creating consistent variables, data analysis with a much larger sample size is feasible. The FTM database also allows easy identification of data gaps to direct future data collection efforts. The FTM database also allows evaluation of post-fire mortality models, such as the First Order Fire Effects Model (FOFEM), BehavePlus, and the Fire and Fuels Extension to the Forest Vegetation Simulator (FFE-FVS).These data were originally published on 05\/14\/2020. On 07\/24\/2020 a few data corrections were made and metadata updated to reflect those changes. For specific changes, see the process steps listed below.","keyword":["biota","environment","location","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Plant ecology","Fire","Fire ecology","Prescribed fire","Fire effects on environment","Forest & Plant Health","Insects","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Forest management","post-fire tree mortality","fire-induced tree mortality","fire-caused tree mortality","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","United States","Ohio","North Carolina","South Carolina","Georgia","Florida","Alabama","Arkansas","New Mexico","Arizona","California","Utah","Colorado","South Dakota","Wyoming","Idaho","Montana","Oregon","Washington","Minnesota","Michigan","Alaska"],"spatial":"-145.76337,30.33607,-82.18389,64.33222","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0001","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0001","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2020-07-24"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Field attributes and satellite data for \"How vegetation recovery and fuel conditions in past fires influences fuels and future fire management in five western U.S. ecosystems\"","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0005-2","description":"This data publication contains field and satellite observations at 1567 plots across wildfire extents that burned between the years 2000-2007, collected for Joint Fire Science Project ID: 14-1-02-27. Field attributes were measured between the years 2013-2016 and include a suite of vegetation, soil, and surface cover characteristics. Satellite observations include differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR) measurements from Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (MTBS), as well as annual (1984-2016) satellite observations of the Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR) derived from the Landsat-based detection of Trends in Disturbance and Recovery (LandTrendr) algorithm. Previously burned areas included the extents of the 2000 Jasper wildfire in western South Dakota; 2002 Hayman wildfire in central Colorado; 2003 Black Mountain, Cooney Ridge, Robert, and Wedge Canyon wildfires in western Montana; 2003 Old and Simi wildfires in southern California; 2003 Myrtle Creek wildfire in northern Idaho; 2004 Porcupine, Chicken, and Wall Street wildfires in interior Alaska; 2005 School wildfire in eastern Washington; 2005 Ricco wildfire in South Dakota; 2006 Shake Table or Thorn Creek wildfire in central Oregon; 2006 Tripod wildfire complex in north-central Washington; 2007 Egley wildfire in central Oregon; and the 2007 East Zone\/Cascade wildfire complex in central Idaho. Field attributes had been measured previously at many of these locations; Hudak (2010) contains previous field attribute data for some of the Montana, California, and Alaska plots; and Hudak (2013) contains previous field attribute data for some of the Idaho plots. Bright et al. (2019: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0015-2) contains previous field attribute data for most of the Oregon plots. Also included is R code that can merge these data with Hudak (2010, 2013) and Bright et al. (2019: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0015-2).The objective was to assess long-term post-fire vegetation recovery and fuels with field observations and satellite remote sensing.This data publication is a second edition, which includes some minor data corrections (basal area was calculated incorrectly for some variable-radius plots) and the addition of tree-level data. The data were also slightly reconfigured and are now available in separate files: field and satellite attributes, seedling and sapling densities, and tree-level data.","keyword":["biota","imageryBaseMapsEarthCover","Fire","Fire effects on environment","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Assessments","burn severity","change detection","char","Landsat","time series","normalized burn ratio","remote sensing","soils","wildfire","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","Alaska","California","Colorado","Idaho","Montana","Oregon","South Dakota","Washington"],"spatial":"-142.67000,34.27000,-103.42000,64.09000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0005-2","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0005-2","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2019-12-09"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Post-fire field observations across the 2007 Egley Fire in central Oregon","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0015-2","description":"This data publication contains field observations taken in 2008 at 350 plots within the extent of the 2007 Egley Fire in central Oregon. Plots were located as paired sites in areas that had been treated and untreated prior to the 2007 Egley Fire. Field observations include a suite of vegetation, soil, fuel, and surface cover characteristics. Differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR) measurements, an indicator of burn severity, from the Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (MTBS) program, are also included. Similar or identical field measurements were gathered at these same locations in 2016 as part of a larger project, and can be found in Bright et al. 2019 (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0005-2).The objective was to assess the effect of fuel treatments on subsequent wildfire activity.This data publication is a second edition, which includes all of the data in the first edition and the addition of tree-level data.","keyword":["biota","Fire","Fire effects on environment","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Assessments","burn severity","char","Landsat","normalized burn ratio","remote sensing","soils","wildfire","Cercocarpus ledifolius","curl-leaf mountain mahogany","Pinus ponderosa","ponderosa pine","juniperus occidentalis","western juniper","Abies concolor","white fir","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","Oregon"],"spatial":"-119.72500,43.68600,-119.29800,43.88600","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0015-2","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0015-2","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2019-12-09"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Digitized white-tailed deer densities for the continental United States","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0053","description":"This data publication includes vector digital data files containing white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) densities during 1982, 1994-1999, and 2001-2005 in the continental United States. Using object-based image analysis followed by random forests classification, we rapidly digitized choropleth maps of white-tailed deer densities, allowing access to deer density information stored in images. This method rapidly reclaimed informational value of deer density maps and similarly may be applied to digitize a variety of published maps to geographic information system layers.Digitization of white-tailed deer densities during 1982 in the United States.Data were originally published on 12\/13\/2019. Minor metadata updates were made on 03\/11\/2024.","keyword":["biota","boundaries","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Animal ecology","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Mammals","eCognition","herbivory","historical geography","object-based image analysis","deer","Odocoileus virginianus","United States"],"spatial":"-125.570437,50.962115,-65.705075,23.246347","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0053","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0053","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-03-11"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Santee Experimental Forest, Watershed 77: streamflow, water chemistry, water table, and weather data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0033","description":"This data publication contains streamflow, water chemistry, water table and weather data measured at the Watershed 77 (WS77) on the Santee Experimental Forest near Cordesville, South Carolina from 1964 to 2019. The major treatments imposed on this watershed over its history have been forest thinning and prescribed fire. Watershed 77 also suffered major damage during Hurricane Hugo in September 1989 (as did the control Watershed 80), which is reflected in the measurement periods. Daily streamflow records are provided from 1964-1981, November 1989-2000, and 2003-2019 as well as 10- or 15-minute streamflow from 2003-2019. Approximately weekly water chemistry samples were collected upstream of the Watershed 77 weir from 1976-1982 and 1989-1994. From 2003-2019 stream water samples were collected during periods of active flow by an automated sampler on a flow-proportional basis, and starting in 2006 additional water quality parameters were measured in situ on an approximately weekly basis. Well water levels were monitored manually approximately every two weeks from 1964-1971 (in a network of 24 non-recording wells) and 1992-1995 (in a network of 42 non-recording wells) on Watershed 77. Hourly well water levels were electronically recorded from 2005-2019. Daily precipitation was recorded manually from 1963-1984 at 5 different gauges near WS77. Daily precipitation was also recorded at the Met 5 location from 1963-1966 and electronically from 1989-1997. Daily temperatures were recorded 1996-2000. From September 2001 through 2019 hourly air temperature, soil temperature, and rainfall were recorded at the Met 5 location.The purpose of Watershed 77 when established in 1963 was to provide a site for research on understanding runoff and evapotranspiration processes and the water balance. Since then research has been conducted on the effects of management treatments such as thinning and prescribed burns (taking place since 1976) as well as natural disturbances (such as Hurricane Hugo in 1989) on the hydrology, water quality, carbon dynamics, soils and vegetation of low gradient, poorly drained forested watersheds in the South Carolina Coastal Plain.* This metadata applies to the raw data available through the full data publication download. Summary data available through the online query are calculated based on user selections and should be carefully interpreted. \n\nOriginal data package published on 12\/18\/2019. On 06\/09\/2020 additional data were added to this package: 2019 weather and streamflow data were added, 2018-2019 water table data were added for the Wells J and K as well as for 4 additional wells (2, 12, 92, and 93), 2018 water quality data were updated to remove a few outliers, and 2019 water quality data were added. Metadata were also updated to denote these changes.\n\n*IMPORTANT: On 01\/12\/2024 a second edition of these data became available (Amatya and Trettin 2024; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0033-2). This new edition includes the addition of data from 2020-2022, but it also includes some data corrections. Therefore, this newer edition of the data should be used.\n\nFor more information about the Santee Experimental Forest go to: https:\/\/www.fs.usda.gov\/research\/srs\/forestsandranges\/locations\/santee","keyword":["climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","environment","inlandWaters","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","forested wetlands","forested watersheds","poorly drained soils","outflow (runoff)","water quality","automated sampler","Manta multiprobe","water table","pressure transducer","WL15","WL16","air temperature","soil temperature","precipitation","Santee Experimental Forest","Watershed 77","South Carolina","Coastal Plain"],"spatial":"-79.78153,33.13284,-79.76300,33.15007","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0033","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0033","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-01-12"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Larch needle cast surveys in Wisconsin, Iowa, and Michigan, summer 1981","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0054","description":"In the summer of 1981, 63 stands of larch (European, Japanese, hybrid, and tamarack) were examined for symptoms of Mycosphaerella laricina (larch needle cast) in Iowa, Michigan, and Wisconsin. Stand location, tree species, seed source, year planted, stand size, stand aspect, percent slope, and presence or absence of needle cast were recorded for each stand. Additional measurements included the presence of other diseases and insects. Stands surveyed in this study include larch stand from the Coulee Experimental Forest (Bangor, WI).The survey attempted to determine the geographic location and extent of infection, and to assess the influence of site and stand characteristics of Mycosphaerella needle cast on larch. A secondary objective of the survey was to record the presence of other diseases and insects injuring larch.The information for this metadata was drawn from a USDA Forest service, Northern Area administrative report: 82-4 (which is included in this data publication).","keyword":["biota","environment","health","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Plant ecology","Forest & Plant Health","Mycology","Pest management","Plant diseases","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","Timber","European larch","Japanese larch","hybrid larch","Tamarack","Larch","needle cast","Mycosphaerella laricina","Coulee Experimental Forest","Wisconsin","Iowa","Michigan","La Crosse","Independence","Balsam Lake","Solon Springs","Bangor","Unionville","Ash Grove","Waterville","Greely","Dubuque","Augusta","Decatur","Dexter","Rose Lake"],"spatial":"-92.69547,40.81835,-83.88856,46.35327","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0054","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0054","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2019-12-23"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Coulee Experimental Forest larch needle-cast environmental data logs, 1981-1982 and 1984-1987","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0002","description":"Meteorological and phenological data were collected for European larch on the Coulee Experimental Forest in Wisconsin from 1981-1982 and 1984-1987 (data are missing for 1983). Data were collected generally biweekly from April to November. Variables recorded include: rainfall, terminal shoot growth, needle growth, high and low temperature, and phenological notes about the trees.These data were collected as part of an effort to study the development, life-cycle, and spread of larch needle-cast (Mycophaerella laricina) in the upper Midwest (Wisconsin and Iowa). As far as known, these data were not part of any specific study or research but were part of a larger framework of learning about this disease.There are some data included in the supplemental progress reports that refer to a second site in the Yellow River State Forest located in Iowa. Additionally there are non-environmental data within the progress reports regarding data such as seed sources, disease ratings and tree heights that were not included in the data archived in this publication. This is due to the lack of supporting materials available when archiving these data.","keyword":["biota","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Plant ecology","Forest & Plant Health","Mycology","Pest management","Plant diseases","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","Timber","European larch","larch","needle cast","Mycosphaerella laricina","Coulee Experimental Forest","Wisconsin","La Crosse","Yellow River State Forest","Iowa"],"spatial":"-91.05602,43.83019,-91.00048,43.87003","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0002","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0002","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2020-01-07"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Data for: Fuel treatment effectiveness in the context of landform, vegetation and large, wind-driven wildfires","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0003","description":"This data publication represents source data and R scripts for a manuscript entitled \"Fuel treatment effectiveness in the context of landform, vegetation and large, wind-driven wildfires\" (Prichard et al. 2020). This study was conducted on the 2014 Carlton Complex study area in north-central Washington State. The R scripts include code needed to run the random forest analysis (RF), simultaneous autoregression (SAR) and final plots for the publication. The source data tables include 30-meter (m) resolution point datasets with location x and y representing UTM northing and easting locations, respectively, of every 30 m pixel within the Carlton Complex study areas (A = South, B = North), fire severity indices (dNBR, RBR, RdNBR) as response variables, and predictor variables including past fuel treatments, vegetation type, landform, and weather. Source predictor variables were taken from datasets that preceded the 2014 wildfires.Large wildfires (>50,000 hectares) are becoming increasingly common in semi-arid landscapes of the western United States. Although fuel reduction treatments are used to mitigate potential wildfire effects, they can be overwhelmed in wind-driven wildfire events with extreme fire behavior. We evaluated drivers of fire severity and fuel treatment effectiveness in the 2014 Carlton Complex, a record-setting complex of wildfires in north-central Washington State.These data were published on 02\/19\/2020. On 03\/22\/2024, minor metadata updates were made.","keyword":["climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","Climate change","Climate change effects","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Landscape ecology","Fire","Fire ecology","Prescribed fire","fire severity","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","Washington"],"spatial":"-120.21390,48.02517,-119.84190,48.42037","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0003","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0003","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-03-22"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Long-term plant invasion in disturbed and undisturbed forests: species richness, frequency, and abundance","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0004","description":"This data publication contains understory vegetation measured on 23 80+ years of age mature second-growth stands and 12 15-year old clearcut stands on the Cheat Ranger District of the Monongahela National Forest, West Virginia, USA. These data were sampled every 5-6 years from 2001-2017 (for mature stands) and 2002-2018 for clearcut stands. Stands were randomly selected but stratified across three land types that followed a moisture gradient. Data include plant species cover for both native and invasive nonnative plants in 2002 and 2018, as well as stand-level measurements of frequency and cover of invasive plant species measured multiple times between 2001 and 2018.The purpose of this study was to determine how invasive and native plant species interact in response to changing environmental conditions and disturbances. This study is one of several studies to examine the effects of invasive plants on forest ecosystems and how best to ameliorate their impacts.For more information about this study see Huebner et al. (2021)","keyword":["biota","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Ecology","Forest & Plant Health","Invasive species","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","Restoration","biotic resistance","disturbance","ecological land type","invasion patterns","invasive plant","invasion model","invasion stage","long-term monitoring","moisture gradient","West Virginia","Cheat Ranger District","Monongahela National Forest"],"spatial":"-80.17,38.39,-79.81,38.76","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0004","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0004","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-03-30"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Data and source code for \"Impacts of non-ideality and the thermodynamic pressure work term p Delta-v on the Surface Energy Balance\"","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0042","description":"Present day eddy covariance based methods for measuring the energy and mass exchange between the earth's surface and the atmosphere often do not close the surface energy balance. Frequently the turbulent energy fluxes (sum of sensible and latent heat) underestimate the available energy (net incoming radiation minus the soil conductive heat flux) by 10 to 20% or more. Over the last three or four decades several reasons for this underestimation have been proposed, but nothing completely definitive has been found. This data publication contains the data from this study (Massman IN PRESS), which examines the contribution of two rarely discussed aspects of atmospheric thermodynamics to this underestimation: the non-ideality of atmospheric gases and the significance the water vapor flux has on the sensible heat flux, an issue related to the pressure work term p Delta-v. Data include all output variables of the MatLab code related to the effects of non-ideality on the enthalpy of vaporization and the specific heat of water vapor. The MatLab code used to generate the data is also included.Computations to evaluate and improve modeling and measurement of evaporation at the earth's surface.","keyword":["climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","Natural Resource Management & Use","Water","evaporation","change in enthalpy","flux","earth"],"spatial":"-180.00000,-90.00000,180.00000,90.00000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0042","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0042","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2020-01-28"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Within-stand spatial distribution of ponderosa pine mortality caused by the mountain pine beetle in the Colorado Front Range","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0006","description":"This data publication includes data collected in support of a study to examine the small scale, within stand, spatially-referenced ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) tree mortality caused by the mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) in a Colorado Front Range site. Data were collected in the summer of 1997 in an unmanaged low-elevation 3.1-hectare ponderosa pine stand in the Canyon Lakes Ranger District of the Arapaho-Roosevelt National Forest. Spatially referenced basal area points were measured with a 20 basal area factor (BAF) prism in a 10 meter (m) x 10 m grid. For all \u201cin\u201d trees we recorded tree species, diameter at breast height (1.4 m above the ground), and whether the tree was alive of killed by mountain pine beetle. No trees had died to other causes within the study area.Mountain pine beetle is a major natural disturbance agent that can cause extensive tree mortality of ponderosa pine in the Colorado Front Range and across western conifer forests in the United States. There is published information on the conditions that increase forest stand susceptibility to ponderosa pine, namely, dense stands with high host availability in the form of large-diameter trees. However, there is a paucity of data addressing the small scale, whiting stand variability in forest conditions that result in in the spatial distribution of tree mortality. This information can be useful for land managers when implementing forest restoration projects that aim to create similar pre-Euro-American settlement historical conditions. Restoration efforts aim primarily at reducing tree densities, increasing tree spacing and creating isolated clumps or large-diameter trees. These conditions could be suitable for the development of mountain pine beetle infestations when populations increase.","keyword":["biota","Forest & Plant Health","Insects","Dendroctonus ponderosae","Pinus ponderosa","bark beetles","silviculture","Colorado","Canton Lakes Ranger District","Arapaho-Roosevelt National Forest"],"spatial":"-105.60020,40.73587,-105.60020,40.73587","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0006","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0006","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2020-02-10"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Ecological effects of prescribed fire on a sagebrush-steppe rangeland","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0005","description":"Rangelands encompass approximately 26% of land in the United States with the federal government managing 62 million hectares (Lubowski et al. 2006). A key component of rangeland sites for feeding wildlife is the insect community. Land management, particularly prescribed fire, may reduce plant species diversity, thus reducing both pollinator habitat and the quantity of other invertebrates used as food resources (Beck et al. 2008). Fire can also change the amount of surface wood, thereby altering soil properties and ground-dwelling insects. Prescribed fire creates temporal changes to rangeland hydrology, commonly increasing runoff and erosion (Meeuwig 1971; DeBano 1981; Pierson et al. 2001, 2002, 2008; Williams et al. 2016). Post-fire erosion and runoff increases can be attributed to changes in soil cover (Pierson et al. 2001, 2008; Williams et al. 2016), altered organic matter content (DeBano et al. 1998), vegetation (Williams et al. 2016) and increased runoff leading to increased sediment transport capacity (Pierson et al. 2009; Williams et al. 2016). This data publication contains data from a study trying to quantify prescribed fire impacts on surface and belowground changes at a sagebrush site near Red Mountain, which is on the Caribou-Targhee National Forest, approximately 43 kilometers (17 miles) northeast of Montpelier, Idaho. This site received a prescribed burn in 2003. Shortly after the burn, four treated plots were installed. Snow prevented the installation of three control plots until the following year, 2004. A weather station was installed on the study site near the south side of a ridgeline. Precipitation, temperature, humidity, solar radiation, as well as wind speed and direction were recorded continuously from October 16, 2003, through August 27, 2010. After the spring of 2007, the precipitation gauge stopped functioning. Data collected between 2003 and 2010 include bulk density, ground cover, soil loss, weather, and hillslope runoff plot measurements. Particle size analysis was performed on all bulk density samples and 2003-2005 soil samples.The purpose of this study was to quantify prescribed fire impacts on surface (erosion, runoff, sediment production, soil cover recovery, and ground dwelling insects) and belowground changes (soil chemical and physical properties, incidence of termites, and changes in decomposition rate) in a sagebrush site that had recently received a prescribed burn. Specifically, we hypothesized that prescribed burning would increase belowground decomposition rates, insect diversity and numbers, and surface runoff and erosion. We also hypothesized that at the end of 5 years these changes would return to pre-burn levels.","keyword":["biota","environment","geoscientificInformation","Fire","Prescribed fire","Forest & Plant Health","Insects","Air, soil, water pollution (environmental injury)","Rangeland plants","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Invertebrates","biomass reduction","sedimentation","southeast Idaho"],"spatial":"-111.14000,42.40000,-111.07000,42.45000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0005","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0005","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2020-01-31"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Lick Creek Demonstration-Research Forest: Data and photo archive of 25-year fire and cutting effects on vegetation and fuels","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0008","description":"This data publication contains vegetation, fuels, and repeat photopoint data for the Lick Creek Demonstration-Research Forest Commercial Thinning + prescribed fire and Retention Shelterwood + prescribed fire study areas in western Montana. Pretreatment data were collected in 1991. The Commercial Thinning and Retention Shelterwood project areas are each stand-alone studies located in different areas and data should not be combined. Both studies included three treatments (three units per treatment) and three control units for a total of 12 units per project. Silvicultural treatments were implemented in 1992, followed by prescribed burning in 1993 and 1994, under a fully replicated experimental design involving randomization of treated units and a permanent, systematic plot sampling network. The primary posttreatment data sampling occurred postharvest\/preburn, one year postburn, and again in 2005 and 2015, but some additional sampling occurred in other years. In 2016 the Commercial Thinning study received a re-entry harvest and approximately 50% of the basal area was harvested in each treated unit; the control units were not treated.\n\nPhotopoints were revisited at various times to show treatment effects and vegetation change. In the treated units in the Commercial Thinning project there were 10 to 12 repeat photographs taken at each photopoint with a maximum lapse of 10 years between photographs. Control units were photographed in 2015 and 2016. In the treated units in the Retention Shelterwood project there were seven to 11 photographs taken at each photopoint with a maximum lapse of 11 years between photographs. Control units were photographed in 2016.In 1991, a cooperative venture among the Bitterroot National Forest, University of Montana, and Forest Service Intermountain Research Station (now Rocky Mountain Research Station) initiated a new research experiment with seven prescribed burning and cutting treatment variants to test restoration alternatives in restoring the site\u2019s ponderosa pine vegetation community and reduce fuel loads down to historically-appropriate levels. Silvicultural treatments were implemented in 1992, followed by prescribed burning in 1993 and 1994, under a fully replicated experimental design involving randomization of treated units and a permanent, systematic plot sampling network. In a formal recognition of its long-term research value, the site was officially designated as a Demonstration-Research Forest by the Bitterroot National Forest to encourage its integrity as a long-term research site.This data publication was originally published on 02\/04\/2020. On 03\/20\/2020 minor updates were made to the metadata, and the following updates to the data package: several species symbols were updated in the Retention Shelterwood (SW) dataset to include a missing, fifth letter in the symbol code (after comparing to the original data sheets) that was accidentally removed during data conversion, the certainty variable was removed from the species list because it wasn\u2019t needed after the species symbol corrections were made, user variable (UV) fields were added to LC_SW_Quadrats_Combined.csv, and LC_SW_Cover_Quadrats_SampleEvents.csv which include a code for post-burn mineral soil exposure and 5000 observations were removed from the SW dataset because data from the 1993 ReMeasure2 sample visit had been imported into the database twice (1993 ReMeasure1 and Remeasure2) during data conversion. We also renamed the files originally \"LC_##_Cover_Frequency_*.csv\" to \"LC_##_Cover_Quadrats_*.csv\" because frequency data were not collected.","keyword":["biota","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Fire","Botany","Invasive species","Fire effects on environment","Fire ecology","Prescribed fire","Resource inventory","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","Pinus ponderosa","ponderosa pine","Pseudotsuga menziesii","Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir","retention shelterwood harvest","commercial thinning","vegetation","repeat photography","repeat measurements","fire effects","JFSP","Joint Fire Science Program","Montana","Lick Creek Demonstration-Research Forest","Lick Creek Demonstration\/Research Forest","Bitterroot National Forest"],"spatial":"-114.267,46.076,-119.228,46.090","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0008","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0008","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2020-03-20"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Frank Church-River of No Return Wilderness: data from 1996 survey of unique tributary visitors","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0009","description":"Visitor survey data were collected from users of five unique steep-creek tributaries in the Frank Church-River of No Return Wilderness in central Idaho: Loon Creek, Big Creek, South Fork Salmon, Camas Creek, and Marsh Creek. Data include the results of mailback surveys sent to users with questions such as past experience levels, personal level of skill, significance of social and resource indicators, support for proposed management actions, and perception of trip quality. These data were collected in 1996, during the primary use season. The initial population was users from 1996, but because some people only float these tributaries once in a lifetime, the population of this study was expanded to include people who had floated these tributaries at any point in their lifetime. This resulted in 216 surveys being mailed and 175 people responding.The intention of the study was to support the forest plan revision for the Frank Church-River of No Return Wilderness.","keyword":["visitors","steep creek","kayak","visitor experience","encounters","recreation","private use","management planning","wilderness use","use allocation","Wild and Scenic Rivers","environment","inlandWaters","location","society","Environment and People","Natural Resource Management & Use","Idaho","Middle Fork Salmon","Main Fork Salmon","Big Creek","Loon Creek","South Fork Salmon","Marsh Creek","Camas Creek","Frank Church-River of No Return Wilderness"],"spatial":"-115.47000,44.47000,-114.36000,45.71000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0009","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0009","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2020-02-11"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Mountain pine beetle-caused mortality in thinned and unthinned ponderosa pine stands in the Black Hills, USA","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0010","description":"This data publication includes data collected in support of a study to evaluate whether stand density reductions in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) stands in the Black Hills National Forest of South Dakota and Wyoming resulted in reduced tree mortality levels caused by the mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) (Negron et al. 2017). Data were collected in the summer of 2014 in 21 pairs of commercially thinned and unthinned stands. Tree species, diameter at breast height, and tree condition were recorded.Thinnings through vegetation management are predicated to be the most effective long-term strategy for reducing mortality levels to bark beetles. The plurality of the data comes from small plots and data are lacking evaluating effectiveness in large stands and across a large landscape. When managing large landscapes, managers often ask \u201cAre we doing any good with these thinnings to reduce susceptibility to bark beetle?\"","keyword":["biota","Forest & Plant Health","Insects","Dendroctonus ponderosae","Pinus ponderosa","bark beetles","silviculture","South Dakota","Wyoming","Black Hills National Forest"],"spatial":"-104.05496,43.56428,-103.33723,43.56428","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0010","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0010","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2020-02-11"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Soil respiration and climate data from El Tallonal in Arecibo, Puerto Rico (2011-2014)","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0011","description":"This data publication contains hourly measurements of soil respiration and climatic variables in the air and soil collected from 2011 to 2014 in a private forest reserve (\"El Tallonal\") in Arecibo, Puerto Rico. We measured hourly soil respiration from March 2011 until April 2014 using a Li-Cor LI-8100 infrared gas analyzer, along with an 8150 multiplexer system connected to six automated chambers (Long-Term Chamber 8100-104, Li-Cor Biosciences, Lincoln NE, USA). From November 2012 until April 2014, we collected hourly data from six soil temperature sensors at 5 centimeter (cm) depth and six volumetric soil moisture sensors from 0 cm to 10 cm depth, each within 0.5 meter (m) distance of each soil respiration chamber (TMC-50HD; S-SMD-M005; Onset Computer Corporation, Bourne, MA, USA). Additionally, from January 2013 until April 2014, a 25-m scaffolding tower on-site was equipped with sensors measuring hourly canopy air temperature, relative humidity (RH), and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) (S-THB-M002; S-LIA-M003; Onset Computer Corporation, Bourne, MA, USA). In summary, our observational dataset is comprised of approximately 3 years of hourly soil respiration data, as well as approximately concurrent one-year measurements of hourly soil and canopy climate data.We conducted high-frequency automated soil respiration measurements in this forest to better understand the magnitude of this carbon flux from the ecosystem, as well as to determine relationships with climatic variables. These data were collected as part of Omar Guti\u00e9rrez del Arroyo's Master of Science Thesis (2014) at the Biology Department of the University of Puerto Rico, R\u00edo Piedras.These data were published on 02\/24\/2020. Minor metadata updates were made on 04\/25\/2023.","keyword":["soil respiration","soil temperature","soil moisture","tropical forests","biota","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","Forest & Plant Health","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Puerto Rico","El Tallonal Forest Reserve","Arecibo"],"spatial":"-66.73540,18.40890,-66.73520,18.40910","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0011","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0011","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-04-25"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Tree census at Bisley Experimental Watersheds three months after Hurricane Maria","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0012","description":"This dataset includes species, diameter at breast height (diameter measured at 130 centimeters), tree height, crown category, damage category, and location of each stem in each plot at the Bisley Experimental Watersheds (BEW) in the Luquillo Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico, three months after Hurricane Maria. Hurricane Maria made landfall near Yabucoa, southeast Puerto Rico, early in the morning on September 20, 2017, with maximum sustained winds of 155 miles per hour. Permanent plots were established at BEW in 1989 and have been censused every five years since then (Heartsill et al. 2010). Currently there are 94 plots (each 10-meter diameter circles), which are each 40 meters apart, available for the census. In addition to the measurements taken 3 months after Hurricane Maria, we are also providing diameter at breast height and height from the 2014 census.To quantify the immediate conditions and effects on the forest after Hurricane Irma and Maria.These data were published on 03\/04\/2020. Minor metadata updates were made on 02\/02\/2022.","keyword":["tree diameter","tree species","tree census","hurricane disturbance","biota","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Luquillo Experimental Forest","Puerto Rico","tropical forest","Bisley Experimental Watersheds","Caribbean"],"spatial":"-65.74630,18.31100,-65.74330,18.31600","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0012","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0012","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-02-02"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"RPA Historical observational data (1979-2015) for the conterminous United States at the 1\/24 degree grid scale based on MACA training data (METDATA)","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0070-2","description":"This data publication contains a gridded historical (1979-2015) dataset for the conterminous United States that has been summarized to the monthly time scale. This monthly historical dataset was developed using the daily MACA observational data (METDATA), also called MACA Training Data (https:\/\/www.northwestknowledge.net\/metdata\/data\/). The MACA training data were used to downscale global climate model projections to the 1\/24 degree grid scale. This monthly data will be used in the modeling analyses for the 2020 RPA Assessment. Data include eight separate files containing mean daily mean potential evapotranspiration, total monthly precipitation, mean daily minimum and maximum relative humidity, mean daily downward shortwave radiation at surface, mean daily maximum air temperature, mean daily minimum air temperature, and mean daily mean wind speed at 10 meters high.The USDA Forest Service (USFS) produces a periodic assessment of the conditions and trends of the Nation's renewable resources required by the Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act (RPA) of 1974. This RPA Assessment provides a snapshot of current U.S. forest and rangeland conditions and trends on all ownerships, identifies drivers of change, and projects 50 years into the future (https:\/\/www.fs.fed.us\/research\/rpa\/, Resources Planning Act (RPA) Assessment). For the 2020 RPA Assessment, the implications of climate change are being analyzed across resource areas. These climate variables will support these analyses.This data publication is a second edition of https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0070. This newer edition addresses two issues found with two variables in the first edition. For mean daily maximum relative humidity and for mean daily mean wind speed at 10 meters high, the monthly calculations for February in leap years were not correct. For relative maximum humidity, the grid identifications were one longitude grid cell off from the correct grid identifications. New code was written to process the data, verified as correct. All variables were re-estimated and no additional errors were found. The data set for tmean is not included in the second edition because the computation for tmean was the midpoint of tmin and tmax, and this estimate may not represent the true mean given the variability of temperature through the 24 hour period. We recommend the use of this newer edition.\n\t  \nThese data were originally published on 02\/18\/2020. On 03\/22\/2021 the data were rescaled to match the metadata. Additional minor metadata updates were made on 02\/27\/2023. Metadata updated on 10\/17\/2023 to include reference to published document supporting the 2020 RPA Assessment.","keyword":["climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","Climate change","Climatology","Resources Planning Act Assessment","RPA Assessment","training data","MACA","monthly","observational data","historical climate data","temperature","precipitation","potential evapotranspiration","wind speed","solar radiation","relative humidity","conterminous United States"],"spatial":"-124.7929967,25.0418613,-67.00133006,49.4585228","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0070-2","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0070-2","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-10-17"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Fire Behavior Assessment Team: plot photographs","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0013","description":"This data publication contains the photographs for plots and transects in which pre- and post-fire fuels, and fire behavior data were collected by the Fire Behavior Assessment Team (FBAT) on a subset of wildland fires in the United States from 2003-2019. FBAT collects pre- and post-fire fuels and tree data along with fire behavior measurements on wildland fires. FBAT is an interagency group of primarily Forest Service employees with both monitoring and fireline qualifications which collects pre- and post-fire fuels and tree data along with fire behavior measurements on wildland fires. Logistics (proximity to instrumentation\/crew members), funding, fire activity, and monitoring questions influenced the geographic regions and fires where sampling was attempted, for instance, fuel treatments recorded in the Forest Service Activity Tracking System (FACTS), as well as tree mortality areas, were each targets for FBAT sampling in the past.These data are collected by the FBAT team to provide visual documentation of transects and plots.For more information about FBAT data see: https:\/\/www.fs.fed.us\/adaptivemanagement\/projects_main_fbat.php.\n\t  \nThese data were published on 04\/09\/2020. On 12\/03\/2020 this data publication was updated to include a supplemental file that provides a diagram of the FBAT plot layout and a brief list of key method changes throughout the years FBAT has taken data to present (2020). Minor metadata and fileindex updates were made on 06\/02\/2021.","keyword":["environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Fire","Fire ecology","Fire effects on environment","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","photographs","photos","pictures","photography","images","photo points","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","United States","California","Montana","Idaho","Arizona","Wyoming","Georgia"],"spatial":"-127.97220,22.76568,-65.25879,51.63280","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0013","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0013","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-06-02"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04"],"programCode":["010:164"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Joint Fire Science Program Fire Exchange Network evaluation data: 2011-2018","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0014","description":"These files represent the data from the eight waves of national survey data from the Joint Fire Science Program (JFSP) Evaluation Team at the University of Nevada, Reno collected from 2011-2018. Participants were collected via snowball sampling, and attitudes towards fire science were assessed across three dimensions of participants: consumers of fire science, producers of fire science, and the general public. Additionally, we asked respondents to report their attitudes regarding their respective regional fire exchanges specifically. Included within this data publication are copies of the evaluation reports prepared for each year as well as the national survey for the six most recent iterations.The data collected were instrumental in measuring whether the Joint Fire Science Program regional fire exchanges were meeting their short-, medium-, and long-term goals. Further, the data were gathered in the hopes that it would provide valuable insight into which arenas were being adequately covered by the regional fire exchanges and which arenas needed improvement. These surveys provided spaces for open-ended responses from participants, with the intention of better serving the constituents of fire exchanges across the country.For more details about the Fire Science Exchange Network see: https:\/\/www.firescience.gov\/JFSP_exchanges.cfm","keyword":["society","Environment and People","Fire","survey","attitudes","fire science","consumers","producers","general public","fire science exchanges","JFSP","Joint Fire Science Program","United States"],"spatial":"172.44000,18.90000,-66.88000,71.38000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0014","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0014","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2020-02-25"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Fernow Experimental Forest overstory tree and regeneration data from the \"Financial Maturity\" study","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0015","description":"This data publication contains overstory and sapling tree tallies, woody stem regeneration tallies, and butt-log tree quality data collected from 1970 to 2016 on the Fernow Experimental Forest in West Virginia. These data were collected for the Financial Maturity (FM) study. Three treatments having different financial rate of return goals (3 percent, 4 percent and 6 percent rate of return) were assigned to six study areas. Harvest treatments occurred approximately every 10 years with 4 or 5 treatments completed per study area over the study period.The Financial Maturity (FM) study was designed to apply the selection marking procedures developed by Trimble, Mendel and Kennell (1974) incorporating economic guidelines into the individual-tree selection silvicultural method commonly used in Appalachian hardwood forests. Tree selection for harvesting would be based on financial rate-of-return goals such that each 10-year harvest would be profitable and also leave a residual stand of sufficient stocking (basal area) and vigor. Trees removed generally were those growing at a rate less than the desired rate of return and included nonmerchantable trees of poor quality. These datasets are used by USDA Forest Service scientists, staff, and cooperators in support of research in silviculture, forest management, forest economics, and forest ecology in the central Appalachian region and inter-regional comparisons.The Fernow FM study has been documented in numerous unpublished Forest Service study plans, establishment reports, progress reports, and descriptions of treatments. Important information from those documents are provided in detail in these metadata while scanned versions of original documents of particular relevance are included as supplemental information with the full data product download.","keyword":["biota","environment","Forest & Plant Health","Forest Products","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Assessments","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","Restoration","Timber","silviculture","species composition","forest stand dynamics","tree regeneration","stand growth","tree quality","mixed hardwoods","financial rate of return","Fernow Experimental Forest","West Virginia","Monongahela National Forest","Central Appalachian Mountains","Allegheny Mountains"],"spatial":"-79.69966714,39.0304484,-79.6771101,39.0708613","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0015","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0015","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2020-03-06"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Wildfire Risk to Communities: Spatial datasets of landscape-wide wildfire risk components for the United States","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0016","description":"The data included in this publication depict components of wildfire risk for all lands in the United States that: 1) are landscape-wide (i.e., measurable at every pixel across the landscape); and 2) represent in situ risk \u2013 risk at the location where the adverse effects take place on the landscape. Related datasets representing components of risk just where housing units are currently present, and transmitted risk to housing units from the locations where damaging fires originate will be delivered in separate publications.\n\nVegetation and wildland fuels data from LANDFIRE 2014 (version 1.4.0) form the foundation for the Wildfire Risk to Communities data. As such, the data presented here reflect landscape conditions as of the end of 2014. National wildfire hazard datasets of annual burn probability and fire intensity were generated from the LANDFIRE 2014 data by the USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station (Short et al. 2020) using the large fire simulation system (FSim). These national datasets produced with FSim have a relatively coarse cell size of 270 meters (m). To bring these datasets down to a finer resolution more useful for assessing hazard and risk to communities, we upsampled them to the native 30 m resolution of the LANDFIRE fuel and vegetation data. In this upsampling process, we also spread values of modeled burn probability and intensity into developed areas represented in LANDFIRE fuels data as non-burnable. Additional methodology documentation is provided with the data publication download.\n \nThe specific raster datasets included in this publication include:\n\nRisk to Potential Structures (RPS): A measure that integrates wildfire likelihood and intensity with generalized consequences to a home on every pixel. For every place on the landscape, it poses the hypothetical question, \"What would be the relative risk to a house if one existed here?\" This allows comparison of wildfire risk in places where homes already exist to places where new construction may be proposed. This dataset is referred to as Risk to Homes in the Wildfire Risk to Communities web application.\n\nConditional Risk to Potential Structures (CRPS): The potential consequences of fire to a home at a given location, if a fire occurs there and if a home were located there. Referred to as Wildfire Consequence in the Wildfire Risk to Communities web application.\n\nExposure Type: Exposure is the spatial coincidence of wildfire likelihood and intensity with communities. This layer delineates where homes are directly exposed to wildfire from adjacent wildland vegetation, indirectly exposed to wildfire from indirect sources such as embers and home-to-home ignition, or not exposed to wildfire due to distance from direct and indirect ignition sources.\n\nBurn Probability (BP): The annual probability of wildfire burning in a specific location. Referred to as Wildfire Likelihood in the Wildfire Risk to Communities web application.\n\nConditional Flame Length (CFL): Most likely flame length at a given location if a fire occurs, based on all simulated fires; an average measure of wildfire intensity.\n\nFlame Length Exceedance Probability \u2013 4 ft (FLEP4): Probability of having flame lengths greater than 4 feet if a fire occurs, on a 0 to 1 scale; indicates the potential for moderate to high wildfire intensity.\n\nFlame Length Exceedance Probability \u2013 8 ft (FLEP8): Probability of having flame lengths greater than 8 feet if a fire occurs, on a 0 to 1 scale; indicates the potential for high wildfire intensity.\n\nWildfire Hazard Potential (WHP): An index that quantifies the relative potential for wildfire that may be difficult to control, used as a measure to help prioritize where fuel treatments may be needed.The geospatial data products described and distributed here are part of the Wildfire Risk to Communities project. This project was directed by Congress in the 2018 Consolidated Appropriations Act (i.e., 2018 Omnibus Act, H.R. 1625, Section 210: Wildfire Hazard Severity Mapping) to help U.S. communities understand components of their relative wildfire risk profile, the nature and effects of wildfire risk, and actions communities can take to mitigate risk. These data represent the first time wildfire risk to communities has been mapped nationally with consistent methodology. They provide foundational information for comparing the relative wildfire risk among populated communities in the United States.See the Wildfire Risk to Communities website at https:\/\/www.wildfirerisk.org for complete project information and an interactive web application for exploring some of the datasets published here. Because of the large file size of 30 m resolution raster data, we deliver the data here as zip files by U.S. state. Users requiring the entire United States can request the complete dataset as national mosaics through the point of contact listed in this metadata document.\n\nThese data were originally published on 04\/06\/2020. On 11\/25\/2020 a few of the supplemental files were updated, and a tabular data file with information specific to community zones was added. The file updates included:\n1. WildfireRiskToCommunities_GISDataSymbology.xlsx was updated to correct a few minor errors and reflect minor updates to suggested display colors.\n2. WildfireRiskToCommunities_Methods_Revised_Nov2020.pdf was updated to include a description of the relative housing unit density raster used in tabular data summaries, and a description of community zones.\n3. Additional field descriptions were added for some columns in the tabular data files for states, counties, and communities. No data were added or revised, but some field descriptions were inadvertently omitted in the April publication.\n\nMinor updates (not related to content) were made to correct RPS metadata files on 01\/03\/2023 and minor corrections were made to the description of the FLEP8_*STATE*.tif files on 02\/27\/2023.","keyword":["environment","geoscientificInformation","society","structure","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Fire","Fire detection","Fire ecology","Fire effects on environment","Fire suppression, pre-suppression","Prescribed fire","Environment and People","Forest management","Landscape management","burn probability","hazard","fuels management","fire suppression","fire likelihood","fire planning","risk assessment","wildfire hazard potential","United States","conterminous United States","CONUS","Alaska","Hawaii"],"landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0016","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0016","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-02-27"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Caspar Creek Experimental Watersheds Phase 1 (1962-1985) data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0017","description":"The Caspar Creek Experimental Watersheds are a long-term USDA Forest Service research site located near Fort Bragg, California in the Jackson Demonstration State Forest in a coast redwood and Douglas-fir dominated conifer forest. The site includes two experimental watersheds: the North Fork (479 hectares) and the South Fork (417 hectares). Measurements of precipitation, streamflow, and sediment transport began at Caspar Creek in 1962. Two timber harvesting experiments have been completed. The first experimental harvest (Phase 1) was a selective cut conducted in the South Fork watershed using tractor yarding in the early 1970s, prior to the implementation of the modern California Forest Practice Rules. Phase 1 of the project includes data from 1962 to 1985. Gauging stations were added in 12 subwatersheds of the North Fork by 1985 in preparation for the second experimental harvest (Phase 2). Phase 2 of the project includes data from 1985 to 2017. From 1985 to 1992, roughly half of the North Fork watershed was clearcut, mainly using cable yarding, and following the newly-enacted Forest Practice Rules. Two additional gauges were added in North Fork subwatersheds in 1999 and 2001. Gauging stations were added in 10 subwatersheds of the South Fork in 2000 in preparation for a third harvesting experiment (Phase 3). Logging for the third harvest occurred in 2017-2019 in the South Fork watershed.\n\nThis data publication contains all Phase 1 data: 1) volumetric discharge data from the North Fork weir from 03 November 1962 to 31 July 1985, 2) annual pond deposition volumes for the weir collection ponds directly upstream of the North Fork and South Fork weirs from 1962-1985 (deposited material includes sediment and organic debris, and 3) suspended sediment concentrations collected at the North Fork weir 1962-1985.The Caspar Creek Experimental Watersheds were established to determine the effects of timber harvesting on streamflow and sediment delivery in northern coastal California watersheds.These data were published On 03\/17\/2020 these data were published. Minor metadata updates were made on 01\/19\/2021 and 03\/25\/2024. \n\t  \n** NOTE: A newer edition of this data publication became available on 01\/19\/2021 (Richardson et al. 2021; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0017-2). We recommend use of the newer edition.\n\t  \nFor more detailed information regarding the Phase 1 data, see the individual metadata documents for discharge, pond sediment volumes, and suspended sediment concentrations. The Caspar Creek Phase 2 data (1985-2017) are also available (Richardson et al. 2020, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0018).","keyword":["elevation","environment","geoscientificInformation","inlandWaters","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest & Plant Health","creek","stream","suspended sediment concentration","bedload","bed load","sediment transport","hydrology","geomorphology","timber harvesting","experimental watersheds","time series","logging","Caspar Creek Experimental Watersheds","California","Mendocino County","Coast Ranges","Jackson Demonstration State Forest"],"spatial":"-123.76448,39.32192,-123.69842,39.38160","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0017","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0017","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-03-25"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Caspar Creek Experimental Watersheds Phase 2 (1985-2017) data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0018","description":"The Caspar Creek Experimental Watersheds are a long-term USDA Forest Service research site located near Fort Bragg, California in the Jackson Demonstration State Forest in a coast redwood and Douglas-fir dominated conifer forest. The site includes two experimental watersheds: the North Fork (473 hectares) and the South Fork (424 hectares). Measurements of precipitation, streamflow, and sediment transport began at Caspar Creek in 1962. Two timber harvesting experiments have been completed. The first experimental harvest (Phase 1) was a selective cut conducted in the South Fork catchment using tractor yarding in the early 1970s, prior to the implementation of the modern California Forest Practice Rules. Phase 1 of the project includes data from 1962 to 1985 (Richardson et al. 2020, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0017). Gauging stations were added in 12 sub-catchments of the North Fork by 1985 in preparation for the second experimental harvest (Phase 2). From 1985 to 1992, roughly half of the North Fork watershed was clearcut, mainly using cable yarding, and following the newly-enacted Forest Practice Rules. Gauging stations were added in 10 sub-catchments of the South Fork in 2000 in preparation for a third harvesting experiment (Phase 3). Logging for the third harvest occurred in 2017-2019 in the South Fork watershed. \n\nThis data publication contains all Phase 2 data: 1) water depth (stage) and volumetric discharge data from the North Fork weir from August 1985 to July 2017 as well as for one sub-watershed gauging station (XYZ) from November 1999 to July 2017 and stage data for one other sub-watershed (Arfstein) from August 1985 to July 2017; 2) annual pond deposition volumes for the weir collection ponds directly upstream of the North Fork and South Fork weirs from 1986 to 2017; 3) suspended sediment concentrations collected at the North Fork weir, Arfstein rated section, and XYZ flume during from 1985 to 2017; and 4) bedload transport rates measured during thirteen storms (stage > 2 feet at the North Fork weir) from 1988 to 1995 on the North Fork mainstem at the Arfstein gauging station.The Caspar Creek Experimental Watersheds were established to determine the effects of timber harvesting on streamflow and sediment delivery in northern coastal California watersheds.These data were published On 03\/17\/2020 these data were published. Minor metadata updates were made on 01\/19\/2021 and 03\/25\/2024. \n\n** NOTE: A newer edition of this data publication became available on 01\/19\/2021 (Richardson et al. 2021; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0018-2). We recommend use of the newer edition.\n\nFor more detailed information regarding the Phase 2 data, see the individual metadata documents for discharge, pond sediment volumes, suspended sediment concentrations, and bedload transport rates. The Caspar Creek Phase 1 data (1962-1985) are also available (Richardson et al. 2020, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0017).","keyword":["elevation","environment","geoscientificInformation","inlandWaters","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest & Plant Health","creek","stream","hydrology","geomorphology","timber harvesting","experimental watersheds","time series","logging","bedload","bed load","sediment transport","Caspar Creek Experimental Watersheds","California","Mendocino County","Coast Ranges","Jackson Demonstration State Forest"],"spatial":"-123.76448,39.32192,-123.69842,39.38160","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0018","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0018","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-03-25"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Pyromes of the conterminous United States","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0020","description":"This data publication contains a vector dataset (shapefile) depicting areas of relatively homogeneous contemporary fire regimes, based on an analysis of historical wildfire activity in the conterminous United States (CONUS) from 1992-2013 (Short 2015). The product was generated for use in landscape fire simulation for national wildfire hazard mapping and risk assessment, but should have other planning and research applications. The historical data were analyzed using a k-means clustering algorithm with 75 bins, five fire-regime statistics, and a 40-kilometer grid. Four of the statistics, fire season start date, end date, modality, and large-fire size were generated using a nearest-neighbor analysis (nearest 200 fires to each reported ignition) with the pixel values representing the median value for all fires ignited in each grid cell. The fifth statistic was total area burned by all fires originating in each cell. The resulting map clusters guided the subsequent process of assigning each of the 5901 individual polygons in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Level IV Ecoregions dataset to pyromes. In addition to the k-means clusters, that work was visually informed by additional spatial datasets, including a maps of forested versus non-forested land, surface fire-behavior fuel models, and large fire footprints from 1984-2013. The latter was particularly helpful for identifying and delineating pyromes in which the large fires appeared to be largely long, narrow, wind-driven events. A total of 128 pyromes were delineated for CONUS, ranging in size from ~1.8 to 46 million (M) acres, with the largest containing substantial areas mapped as non-burnable by LANDFIRE, as in the corn-belt regions. The average size is 15M acres, which is comparable to the size of Fire Planning Units (FPUs) used for previous national wildfire hazard mapping efforts at 270-meter resolution (see Finney et al. 2011). Pyrome names were adapted from existing EPA Level III or IV Ecoregion names and should generally reflect the major contents of each.This map product, which depicts areas of relatively homogeneous contemporary wildfire regimes, was generated for use in landscape fire simulation for national wildfire hazard mapping and risk assessment.","keyword":["biota","boundaries","environment","location","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Fire","wildfire","fire regime","pyrome","conterminous United States"],"spatial":"-127.88677,90.00000,-65.34575,51.60487","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0020","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0020","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2020-03-20"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Spatial datasets of probabilistic wildfire risk components for the United States (270m)","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0034-2","description":"National data on burn probability (BP) and conditional flame-length probability (FLP) were generated for the conterminous United States (CONUS), Alaska, and Hawaii using a geospatial Fire Simulation (FSim) system developed by the USDA Forest Service Missoula Fire Sciences Laboratory (Finney et al. 2011). The FSim system includes modules for weather generation, wildfire occurrence, fire growth, and fire suppression. FSim is designed to simulate the occurrence and growth of wildfires under tens of thousands of hypothetical contemporary fire seasons in order to estimate the probability of a given area (i.e., pixel) burning under current (circa 2014) landscape conditions and fire management practices. The data presented here represent modeled BP and conditional flame-length probability for the United States (US) at a 270-meter grid spatial resolution. Flame-length probability is estimated for six standard Fire Intensity Levels. The six FILs correspond to flame-length classes as follows: FIL1 = < 2 feet (ft); FIL2 = 2 < 4 ft.; FIL3 = 4 < 6 ft.; FIL4 = 6 < 8 ft.; FIL5 = 8 < 12 ft.; FIL6 = 12+ ft. Because they indicate conditional probabilities (i.e., representing the likelihood of burning at a certain intensity level, given that a fire occurs), the FLP data must be used in conjunction with the BP data for risk assessment.National-scale assessment of wildfire risk offers a consistent means of understanding and comparing threats to valued resources and assets and predicting and prioritizing investments in management activities that mitigate those risks. We used a simulation system to estimate the probabilistic components of wildfire risk across the nation. We generated the data in three volumes: (I) the conterminous U.S. (CONUS), (II) Alaska, and (III) Hawaii. These outputs have been generated to support a number of national planning and risk assessment efforts.These data are a newer edition of the Short et al. (2016) data publication. This second edition is based on circa 2014 landscape data, which were the most current LANDFIRE products available at the time of production. It is also expanded to include Alaska and Hawaii at 270-meter resolution.","keyword":["geoscientificInformation","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Fire","burn probability","flame length","fire intensity","United States","CONUS","Hawaii","Alaska"],"spatial":"-180.00000,18.896159,-65.258792,71.353142","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0034-2","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0034-2","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2020-03-24"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"On the diversity of erosion control products and its implications for wildlife entanglement - Appendices","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0019","description":"In this publication we provide two appendices to our article on erosion control products (ECPs) and the potential for wildlife entanglement (Ward et al. 2020). Appendix 1 provides a product review of the 141 products listed on the Texas Department of Transportation\u2019s Approved Product List showing the 10 attributes investigated for each product and resulting information found for each attribute. Information was obtained by reviews of product specification sheets from ECP company websites and communication with sales representatives or manufacturers. A blank space represents no information available for that attribute. A \u201cN\/A\u201d indicates that an attribute is absent from that attribute category for that specific product. Appendix 2 provides the distribution of attribute trait categories and the availability of information available on the traits and their categories.To provide more detail on the erosion control products than could be accommodated in our journal article.Original data publication date was 03\/25\/2020. On 09\/21\/2020 metadata were updated to include reference to associated journal article that is now available. Additional minor metadata updates were made on 07\/14\/2025.","keyword":["conservation","mesh","mitigation","reptiles","road ecology","soil stabilization","biota","environment","structure","transportation","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Reptiles","Natural Resource Management & Use","Engineering, roads, bridges","United States","Texas"],"spatial":"-70,25,-125,50","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0019","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0019","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-07-14"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"The Rangeland Production Monitoring Service: Annual production of rangeland vegetation 1984 to present","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0022","description":"This data publication contains a TIFF dataset describing annual productivity in the non-forest domain of the coterminous United States. Production data were generated using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) from the Thematic Mapper Suite from 1984 to 2018 at 250 square meter resolution. This includes the Thematic Mapper (TM; Landsat 5), Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM+; Landsat 7) and Operational Land Imager (OLI; Landsat 8). The NDVI is converted to production estimates using two regression formulas depending on the level of the NDVI; there is one equation for lower values (and thus lower production values) and one for higher values. This TIFF dataset yields estimates of annual production of rangeland vegetation in pounds per acre and should be useful for understanding trends and variability in forage resources anywhere rangelands are common. There are 35 bands (individual images) in an image stack. The first image in the stack represents annual production (pounds per acre) for the year 1984. Likewise, the 35th image in the stack (the last) represents annual production in 2018.Grazing allotments are monitored to ensure that best management practices are applied, standards and guidelines are met, and landscapes are meeting or moving towards desired conditions. Monitoring can also help rangeland managers respond to natural phenomena such as wildfire, drought, and climate change. Both qualitative and quantitative information can assist in the planning and prioritization of management actions. Monitoring provides feedback essential to making informed management decisions and evaluating their results. The Forest Service is required by law to develop and adhere to an analysis schedule for all its grazing allotments. Allotment Management Plans must be made National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) compliant via those analyses. Although the Forest Service is required to maintain a schedule, the agency reserves the right to adjust the timing and priority of analyses based on environmental and administrative considerations. A main component in this process is to analyze production trends, and identify areas that might require further assessment to ensure that best management practices are applied. A paucity of data describing annual production exist for public lands and on most privately-owned lands as well. The need for consistent data describing annual production is not balanced with the actual supply of data which are so critical for documenting ecosystem performance and for adjusting stocking rates to be balanced with forage supply.  Thus, there is a need for these data to be collected in a timely and consistent manner. In response to this need, we have developed the Rangeland Production Monitoring Service (RPMS) (see Cross-References section). These data are freely offered so that managers and producers can track vegetation performance and response to management anywhere in the coterminous United States where rangelands dominate the landscape. These data are especially useful for describing trend (are we moving up, down, or sideways), quantifying variability across space a time, and for evaluating response to wildfire and drought (i.e. how long is it taking for land to recover?).These data were published on 03\/26\/2020. On 03\/22\/2024, minor metadata updates were made.","keyword":["biota","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Ecology","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Resource inventory","Natural Resource Management & Use","Range management & grazing","rangeland productivity","NDVI","NEPA","grazing management","rangeland ecology","western United States","eastern United States"],"spatial":"-127.98779652,22.7633406984,-65.2537864964,51.649773272","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0022","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0022","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-03-22"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Tree grade, log grade and lumber grade yield data for 25 hardwood species from the eastern United States and Alaska","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0021","description":"This data publication contains tree grade data, factory grade log data and lumber grade yield data for 25 hardwood species sampled across the eastern United States and Alaska from 1962 to 1973. Trees harvested from national, state and nonindustrial private forestlands were followed from the standing tree to milled lumber with component quality documented at each step. Data from 40 sawmills in 18 states are included.Studies were undertaken by the USDA Forest Service Forest Products Laboratory, Experiment Stations and National Forest Regions to develop hardwood tree grades, and relationships between standing graded trees, graded logs and lumber grade yields. Five Experiment Stations (Lake States, Central States, Northeastern, Southeastern, and Southern) and four National Forest Regions (Eastern, Southern, Lake States and Alaska) participated in the hardwood studies. Lumber grade yield estimates for different log grades were developed by species to assist in assigning values to logs based on potential factory grade lumber outputs. These datasets were used by USDA Forest Service scientists, staff and cooperators in support of research in forest products and utilization, forest economics, and timber appraisal in the eastern United States and Alaska. These studies of eastern and Alaska hardwood tree species were part of a larger Hardwood Section of the National Log and Tree Grade Project conducted by the USDA Forest Service. Other government agencies, including the Tennessee Valley Authority, Bureau of Land Management, Bureau of Indian Affairs and State Forestry Departments cooperated in the project under direction of the Forest Service Hardwood Project Leader. Additional background information can be found in the documents included in the \\Supplements folder.","keyword":["biota","economy","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest Products","Economics","Timber","Forest products industry","forest economics","timber industry","hardwoods","tree quality","tree grade","log quality","log grade","lumber quality","lumber grade","lumber yield","eastern United States and Alaska","Alabama","Georgia","Illinois","Kentucky","Maine","Michigan","Minnesota","Mississippi","New York","North Carolina","Ohio","Pennsylvania","Tennessee","Vermont","Virginia","West Virginia","Wisconsin","Alaska"],"landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0021","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0021","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2020-03-27"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:32"],"programCode":["005:051"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Antipredator response data for captive, male red-wing blackbirds toward drones used as frightening devices","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/NWRC-RDS-2020-001","description":"We evaluated the behavioral responses of individual Red-winged Blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) to 3 drone platforms: a predator model, a fixed-wing resembling an airplane, and a multirotor, approaching either head-on or overhead. This experiment was conducted in the late summer of 2017 at the Casselton Seed Farm in Caselton at North Dakota State University with male birds collected from Colorado. We used video cameras to record behavior of blackbirds in response to drone approaches and quantified the antipredator responses of blackbirds using video footage. This data publication contains the data and analysis code for Egan et al. (2020).The study was designed to establish the degree to which the perception of risk by birds would vary between drone platforms relative to a predator model when flown at different approach types to inform use of drones as hazing tools.Original metadata date was 04\/01\/2020. On 07\/09\/2020 metadata were updated to correct units for the variable \"Speed\" in both data files. The original units were listed as kilometers per hour, but this has been corrected to meters per second.","keyword":["biota","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Birds","frightening devices","hazing","human-wildlife conflict","UAS","UAV","visual deterrent","Agelaius phoeniceus","North Dakota","United States"],"spatial":"-97.237,46.879,-97.234,46.884","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/NWRC-RDS-2020-001","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/NWRC-RDS-2020-001","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2020-07-09"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Thinning the 1927 \u201cCommon Sense\u201d young Norway-jack pine stands in the Cutfoot Experimental Forest","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0023","description":"We provide historical silvicultural data from the \u201cCommon Sense\u201d plots located on the Cutfoot Experimental Forest which is in north-central Minnesota within the Chippewa National Forest (known as the Minnesota National Forest at the time of plot establishment). Four plots were established in 1927 and were reassessed in 1932, 1937, 1940, 1942, 1943, 1949, and 1955. All plots were 0.5 acres in size and included a control plot along with three other plots that were cut to remove different proportions of the basal area of jack pine. The data are provided in three comma-delimited ASCII text files which contain 1) diameter at breast height (DBH), crown class, and height for red (Norway) and jack pine on four different plots (plots 18-21) measured multiple times between 1927 and 1955; 2) sleet damage measurements from 1940; and 3) abundance of vegetation within the plots as of 1932.The purpose of these data was to determine the effect of removal of jack pine in pole stands of Norway pine upon the growth and development of the remaining stand.","keyword":["biota","economy","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Plant ecology","Forest Products","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Resource inventory","Natural Resource Management & Use","Economics","Forest management","Timber","red pine","Norway pine","jack pine","Pinus banksiana","Pinus resinosa","forest thinning","timber growth","pole stands","Cutfoot Experimental Forest","Minnesota","Common Sense plots","Chippewa National Forest","Minnesota National Forest"],"spatial":"-94.55000,47.30000,-94.49100,47.35700","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0023","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0023","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2020-04-01"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Thinning the 1927 \u201cGraveyard\u201d red pine stands in the Cutfoot Experimental Forest","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0024","description":"We provide historical silvicultural data from the \u201cGraveyard\u201d plots located on the Cutfoot Experimental Forest which is in north-central Minnesota within the Chippewa National Forest (known as the Minnesota National Forest at the time of plot establishment). The data included in this publication document the results of thinning red pine. Four plots were established in 1927 with different spacing and were reassessed in 1932, 1937, 1944, 1949, and 1953. Plots included 6x6, 8x8, and 10x10 foot spacing as well as a control plot. Data are provided in three comma-delimited ASCII text files which contain 1) diameter at breast height (DBH), crown class, and height measurements of mainly red (Norway) pine on four different plots (plots 22-25) between 1927 and 1953; 2) DBH and height measurements of all 4 plots in 1973; and 3) abundance of vegetation within the plots in 1932.The purpose of these data was to study the effects of various degrees of non-commercial thinning on the future growth and yield of red (Norway) pine stands.These data were originally published on 04\/01\/2020. Minor metadata updates were made on 07\/21\/2022.","keyword":["biota","economy","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Plant ecology","Forest Products","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Resource inventory","Natural Resource Management & Use","Economics","Forest management","Timber","red pine","Norway pine","Pinus resinosa","forest thinning","timber growth","Cutfoot Experimental Forest","Minnesota","Graveyard plots","Chippewa National Forest","Minnesota National Forest"],"spatial":"-94.55000,47.30000,-94.49100,47.35700","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0024","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0024","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-07-21"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Southeast Alaska old-growth forest stem map data collected in 1964 on ten 1.42 hectare plots","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0025","description":"This data publication includes data used in \"Spatial aspects of structural complexity in Sitka spruce \u2013 western hemlock forests, including evaluation of a new canopy gap delineation method\" by Schneider and Larson (2017). These data represent trees and plots from a study led by Vernon LaBau for his M.S. Thesis at Oregon State University, which he completed in 1967. Data were collected in 1964 on ten, 1.42 hectare plots (laid out as 5 by 7 chains). Data include tree location within subplots, tree species, diameter at breast height, and height in logs.Data were originally collected to assess the utility of clustered point (prism) sampling to quantify old-growth forest structure in the unique rainforests of southeast Alaska. LaBau wrote: \"This study was a test of eight basal area factors and five point sampling cluster patterns in a computer oriented sampling study of coastal Alaska old-growth spruce-hemlock stands. It was an attempt to learn which basal area factor and which type of point sample cluster pattern should be used in such stands. A test of the effect of stand density on point sampling was also made.\" This data continues to be valuable for research and has been most recently used to assess spatial pattern of old-growth forests in southeast Alaska.These data were originally published on 04\/01\/2020. Minor metadata updates were made on 07\/21\/2022.","keyword":["biota","environment","Natural Resource Management & Use","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Resource inventory","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Techniques","Picea sitchensis","Tsuga heterophylla","old growth","large plot","Alaska","Tongass National Forest","Juneau","Petersburg","southeast Alaska"],"spatial":"-135.00000,56.00000,-132.00000,59.00000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0025","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0025","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-07-21"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Field observations for \"A carbon monitoring system for mapping regional, annual aboveground biomass across the northwestern USA\"","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0026","description":"These data represent a portion of the forest inventory data used in Hudak et al. (2020) \"A carbon monitoring system for mapping regional, annual aboveground biomass across the northwestern USA\". This study used forest inventory data located in lidar units along with Landsat data, topographic metrics, and climate metrics to create maps of forested biomass across the northwestern USA (Washington, Oregon, Idaho, and western Montana.) The data requirements for inclusion in this study included: 1. fixed-area plots, 2. plots centers were recorded using a global navigation satellite system receiver (e.g., a GPS receiver) capable of differential correction, and 3. plots were located in a lidar unit where tree data were collected within 3 years of the lidar collection. A shapefile of the lidar units can be found in Fekety and Hudak (2020, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3334\/ORNLDAAC\/1766). The forest inventory data presented here (n = 2,680 plots) include all data that could be made publicly available and have been compiled from numerous existing datasets. The forest inventory data were collected using project-specific sampling plans and therefore these data have been formatted to be read by the Forest Vegetation Simulator (FVS; https:\/\/www.fs.usda.gov\/fvs\/). The forest inventory data in this dataset were collected between 2002 and 2017 and located in Idaho, Oregon, and Washington, USA.These data were used in combination with lidar, topographic, and climate datasets to create annual aboveground biomass maps across the northwestern United States for the years 2000-2016.These data were published on 04\/29\/2020. Minor metadata updates were made On 04\/18\/2024.","keyword":["biota","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Assessments","carbon","biomass","vegetation","forest","monitoring","mapping","carbon monitoring system","NASA","lidar","Landsat","remote sensing","northwestern United States","Washington","Oregon","Idaho"],"spatial":"-124.42690,42.10223,-115.02440,48.98967","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0026","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0026","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-04-18"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Tree-ring growth and stable-carbon isotope response data to forest restoration treatments in ponderosa pine forests of the Lick Creek Demonstration-Research Forest, Bitterroot National Forest, Montana, USA","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0027","description":"This data publication includes the data used in \"Forest restoration treatments in a ponderosa pine forest enhance physiological activity and growth under climatic stress\" by Tepley et al. (2020). These data include (1) information on each of the cored trees included in the analysis, (2) tree-ring based growth metrics, and (3) stable-carbon isotope data collected in the summer of 2016 at the Lick Creek Demonstration-Research Forest in the Bitterroot National Forest, Montana. There were restoration treatments implemented as two separate experiments on this site \u2014 a commercial thinning (referred to as the moderate thinning in Tepley et al. 2020), and a retention shelterwood (the heavy thinning of Tepley et al. 2020). Each experiment includes 12 management units (1.0 to 6.6 ha each), where three were left as untreated controls, and nine were thinned in the spring of 1992. Three of the treated units had no subsequent burning (thin only treatments). The other six were subjected to one of two prescribed burning treatments. In the commercial thinning (moderate thinning) experiment, three of the thinned units were burned in the fall of 1993 and three were burned in the spring of 1994 (spring and fall burn treatments). In the retention shelterwood (heavy thinning) experiment, all burning was conducted in the spring of 1993, with three units burned when the duff was moist in early May and three burned under drier conditions later in the month (wet and dry burn treatments). Twelve circular plots (0.1 acre or 0.0405 hectares each; radius 11.35 meters) were established within each management unit (144 plots per experiment, 288 total). In summer, 2016, 8 of the 12 plots within each management unit were selected at random. In each of these plots, increment cores were collected from the nearest large (> 25.4 centimeters [cm] diameter at breast height [dbh]) and small (\u2264 25.4 cm dbh) ponderosa pine tree to the plot center, thereby sampling 16 trees per unit and 192 trees per experiment. Two increment cores were collected from each tree, where one of the cores was only used for measuring growth metrics, and the other was used for a subset of the growth measurements, followed by stable-carbon isotope analyses. The data files include only data for the increment cores that could be accurately crossdated. Increment cores not included in the data files were either missing, mislabeled, or could not be accurately crossdated over the time period relevant for evaluating treatment responses. \n\nThe information on each of the cored trees includes the height of core extraction, bole diameter at breast height and coring height, bark thickness at the tree base and at breast height, as well as the date of the innermost tree ring and the estimated distance and number of rings to the pith for both of the sampled increment cores. The tree-ring based growth metrics include ring width (RW), earlywood width (EW), latewood width (LW), basal area increment (BAI), earlywood area increment (EWAI), latewood area increment (LWAI), and the proportion of latewood (PLW) by year for each of the cored trees. The variable reported in the stable-carbon isotope data is the carbon-isotope discrimination (\u039413C) for earlywood and latewood samples in each year from 1969 to 2015. Stable-carbon isotope analyses were conducted on samples pooled from six trees per management unit. There were three units for each of the four experimental treatments (control, thin only, and thinning followed by two prescribed burning treatments), which leads to a total of 72 trees sampled for stable-carbon isotopes.Treatments designed to restore historical stand structure and enhance resistance to high-severity fire might also alleviate drought stress by reducing competition, but the duration of these effects and the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. To elucidate these mechanisms, we collected data to evaluate tree growth, mortality, and tree-ring stable-carbon isotope responses to stand-density reduction treatments with and without prescribed fire in a ponderosa pine forest of western Montana. Our analyses span the 23-year windows before and after treatments, enabling us to compare initial responses and the persistence of those changes under a range of variation in climate and external disturbance pressures (e.g., bark beetle activity). We sought to answer: (1) How did the treatments alter trajectories of tree growth and \u039413C? (2) In what ways did the treatments alter the growth and \u039413C responses to climate, and do those changes differ between EW and LW? (3) To what degree are these alterations of growth, \u039413C, and the relationships of both variables to climate reflected in different tree mortality rates between treated and untreated stands, and specifically, have the treatments reduced mortality rates compared to unthinned units?These data are part of the Lick Creek Demonstration-Research Forest experiments. Additional vegetation and fuel data, as well as long-term repeat photographs are available in Lutes et al. (2020; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0008). Early treatment responses and site background are described in Smith and Arno (1999).\n\t  \nThis data publication was originally published on 04\/16\/2020, with minor updates included on 09\/21\/2020. On 06\/26\/2023 a few additional minor metadata updates were made as well as a correction to the legend for: \\Supplements\\LickCreek_study_design.pdf (descriptions for SB\/WB and TO were switched - this has been corrected).","keyword":["climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Ecology","Plant ecology","Fire","Fire effects on environment","Prescribed fire","Fire ecology","Environment and People","Decision making, public involvement","Forest & Plant Health","Climate effects","Insects","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","Restoration","carbon-isotope discrimination","dendrochronology","dendroecology","drought","forest restoration","ponderosa pine","Pinus ponderosa","thinning","tree mortality","mountain pine beetle","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","Montana","Bitterroot Mountains","Bitterroot National Forest"],"spatial":"-114.26300,46.07700,-114.23000,46.09000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0027","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0027","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-06-26"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Survival and development of six gypsy moth populations, Lymantria dispar L. (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), from different geographic areas on 16 North American hosts and artificial diet","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0029","description":"Data describing the development and survival of gypsy moths (Lymantria dispar L. (Lepidoptera: Erebidae)) from all three subspecies on 13 North American conifers and 3 broad leaf hosts were collected (Keena and Richards 2020). Populations from the United States and Greece served as the Lymantria dispar dispar controls for comparison with the Asian strains from the L. d. asiatica (populations from China, Russia, and South Korea) and L. d. japonica (population from Japan) subspecies. The hosts compared were Acer rubrum, Betula populifolia, Quercus velutina, Pinus strobus, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Abies balsamea, Abies concolor, Larix occidentalis, Picea glauca, Picea pungens, Pinus ponderosa, Pinus taeda, Pinus palustris, Pinus rigida, Tsuga canadensis, and Juniperus virginiana.Survival and developmental data (either to 14 day or to adult with reproductive traits also evaluated) are important for assessing whether there is variation between and\/or within a subspecies in host utilization. Host utilization information is critical to managers for estimating the hosts at risk and potential geographic range for Asian gypsy moths from different geographic origins in North America. Since the lists of hosts that Asian gypsy moth is known to feed on in other countries is long and no broad evaluation of North American hosts has been done, without data like these it is difficult to evaluate how the hosts at risk in North America to the Asian and established gypsy moths may differ.For more information about these data, see Keena and Richards (2020, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/insects11040260). \n\t  \nThese data were originally published on 04\/17\/2020. Minor metadata updates were made on 07\/22\/2022 and 04\/25\/2023.","keyword":["host utilization","survival","development","biota","economy","environment","Forest & Plant Health","Insects","Invasive species","North America","Connecticut, USA","Greece","China","South Korea","Japan","Russia"],"spatial":"-170,-70,-10,85","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0029","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0029","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-04-25"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Fire Behavior Assessment Team: pre- and post-fire canopy cover data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0028","description":"This data publication contains the raw and processed field-collected pre- and post-fire tree canopy cover data for the plots in which pre- and post-fire fuels, and fire behavior data were collected by the Fire Behavior Assessment Team (FBAT) on a subset of wildland fires in the United States from 2003-2017. FBAT collects pre- and post-fire fuels and tree data along with fire behavior measurements on wildland fires. FBAT is an interagency group of primarily Forest Service employees with both monitoring and fireline qualifications which collects pre- and post-fire fuels and tree data along with fire behavior measurements on wildland fires. Logistics (proximity to instrumentation\/crew members), funding, fire activity, and monitoring questions influenced the geographic regions and fires where sampling was attempted, for instance, fuel treatments recorded in the Forest Service Activity Tracking System (FACTS), as well as tree mortality areas, were each targets for FBAT sampling in the past. This publication includes pre- and post-fire canopy cover measurements recorded in multiple locations for each of 11 different wildland fires. Measurements from 2014 and earlier were ocular estimates, and data post-2014 were collected using a densiometer.These data are collected by the FBAT team to provide measures of pre-fire fuels\/vegetation, active fire behavior (with sensors in the fire), and post-fire fuels\/vegetation conditions during wildfires and prescribed fires for improving understanding and tools related to fire behavior and fire effects.For more information about FBAT data see: https:\/\/www.fs.fed.us\/adaptivemanagement\/projects_main_fbat.php.\n\t  \nThese data were published on 04\/16\/2020. On 12\/03\/2020 this data publication was updated to include a supplemental file that provides a diagram of the FBAT plot layout and a brief list of key method changes throughout the years FBAT has taken data to present (2020).","keyword":["cover","canopy cover","tree cover","tree canopy cover","densiometer","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Fire","Fire ecology","Fire effects on environment","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","United States","California","Montana","Idaho","Arizona","Wyoming","Georgia"],"spatial":"-127.97220,22.76568,-65.25879,51.63280","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0028","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0028","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2020-12-03"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Fire Behavior Assessment Team: fire severity data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0030","description":"This data publication contains the raw and processed fire severity data for the plots in which pre- and post-fire fuels, and fire behavior data were collected by the Fire Behavior Assessment Team (FBAT) on a subset of wildland fires in the United States from 2003-2017. FBAT collects pre- and post-fire fuels and tree data along with fire behavior measurements on wildland fires. FBAT is an interagency group of primarily Forest Service employees with both monitoring and fireline qualifications which collects pre- and post-fire fuels and tree data along with fire behavior measurements on wildland fires. Logistics (proximity to instrumentation\/crew members), funding, fire activity, and monitoring questions influenced the geographic regions and fires where sampling was attempted, for instance, fuel treatments recorded in the Forest Service Activity Tracking System (FACTS), as well as tree mortality areas, were each targets for FBAT sampling in the past. This publication includes both understory vegetation and substrate post-fire severity data collected on belt transections for each of 19 different wildland fires. The percent of cover that was unburned was recorded, along with the percent of cover that had low, moderate, high, and very high burn severity.These data are collected by the FBAT team to provide measures of pre-fire fuels\/vegetation, active fire behavior (with sensors in the fire), and post-fire fuels\/vegetation conditions during wildfires and prescribed fires for improving understanding and tools related to fire behavior and fire effects.For more information about FBAT data see: https:\/\/www.fs.fed.us\/adaptivemanagement\/projects_main_fbat.php.\n\t  \nThese data were published on 04\/20\/2020. On 12\/03\/2020 this data publication was updated to include a supplemental file that provides a diagram of the FBAT plot layout and a brief list of key method changes throughout the years FBAT has taken data to present (2020).","keyword":["substrate severity","vegetation severity","burn severity","fire severity","biomass","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Fire","Fire ecology","Fire effects on environment","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","United States","California","Montana","Idaho","Arizona","Wyoming","Georgia"],"spatial":"-127.97220,22.76568,-65.25879,51.63280","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0030","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0030","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2020-12-03"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Data for ten-year growth, survival, and wound closure response to bole, root, and crown damage in young Douglas-fir trees","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0031","description":"Data for this study were collected in six Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) stands between 23 to 26 years old in the Capitol State Forest in western Washington beginning with pre-treatment measurements in 2005. Each stand contained at least 240 trees that were larger than 10 centimeters (cm) at 1.3 meters (m) bole height above the ground, diameter at breast height (DBH). Trees within the stand were stratified by DBH class then randomly assigned to one of 16 treatments with each DBH class represented in each treatment resulting in a total of 1,440 study trees. Trees were assigned to bole damage, root damage, bole and root damage, or control treatments. Bole damage resulted from removing bark from a percentage of bole circumference (20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 90%, or 100%) along either 1 m or 2 m of bole. Root damage was targeted to damage 25% or 50% of the root cross sectional area. Controls did not damage roots or the bole. Tree DBH, total height, height to live crown, mortality status, and average wound callus width and height were recorded periodically over a ten year period after treatments were applied.Damage to Douglas-fir trees from animals, management activities, wind, ice, or other damage vectors is common and can lead to early mortality or reduced growth. This study filled a gap in the science by controlling the amount of bole or root damage a tree received and then tracking the trees response over a ten year time frame. Tracking wound closure over time aids in determining the susceptibility of wounded trees to stem breakage. Long term response to damage is critical in understanding stand dynamics and therefore critical to forest management decisions.","keyword":["farming","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","tree growth","height growth","diameter growth","mortality","bole damage","root damage","crown damage","wound closure","Douglas-fir","Pseudotsuga menziesii","Washington","Capitol State Forest","Thurston County"],"spatial":"-123.09250,46.86210,-123.18350,46.90200","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0031","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0031","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2020-05-04"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Social conditions, visitor flow & travel simulation model for the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0010-2","description":"Social conditions and visitor flows on the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness (BWCAW) on the Superior National Forest in northeastern Minnesota were monitored during the seasons of greatest visitor use (May-September) in 2010 and 2011. In 2010, four spatially defined areas within BWCAW were observed by technicians and both the number of encounters and typical visitor behavior were approximated. During the day travel encounters on the water were observed, and in the early mornings and evenings both campsite encounters and occupancy conditions were recorded. The qualities of other relevant variables were also measured such as weather and aircraft over-flights. In 2011 all trip leaders of permitted overnight boating trips into the BWCAW were contacted and invited to complete an online or hard copy survey reporting their trip itinerary such as lakes visited, length of stay, and party size as well as other variables related to their wilderness trip such as number and type of watercraft used. Between 2012 and 2019 the BWCAW VisSim 3.0 visitor travel simulation model, included in this package, was developed to assist managers in understanding visitors' use of backcountry campsites at the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness (BWCAW) in Northern Minnesota, USA. The model accounts for the unique travel patterns of visitors as they choose from 61 entry points and travel through 95 backcountry travel zones and Canada's adjoining Quetico Provincial Park. The model is based on actual itineraries contributed by nearly 12,000 BWCAW visitor groups after their trips in 2011 (this represents 56% of all trips taken during the 2011 permit season) and has been updated to incorporate modern (2020) design concepts and software technology for simulation processing.The purpose of the 2010 data collection was to gather data about wilderness visitor encounters in four areas of the BWCAW. Efforts in 2011 were intended to gather data about BWCAW visitor travel patterns throughout the wilderness and use these data to parameterize a computer simulation model of visitor travel patterns to be used as a tool by wilderness managers to aid in resource management decisions, which was originally developed in 2012 and updated in 2019.\n\nIn general, there was a need to assess the impacts of visitor use of the BWCAW, define \"crowding\" and how that affects visitor attitudes when seeing other visitors and how it affects their wilderness experience. Determine visitor trends and how they are likely to change, and in addition determine whether \"destination\" type trips will continue to increase and if so, what are the likely consequences on travel zones?This data publication is a 2nd edition of Douglas et al. (2014, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0010). This second edition adds a third part to the archive: BWCAW VisSim 3.0 Travel Simulation Model, which uses visitor flow census data collected in the second phase of the project to simulate travel patterns across the BWCAW. This part consists of the simulation model BWCAW VisSim 3.0 (\\Supplements\\BWCAW_VISSIM_3_v2019.mox), which is implemented as an ExtendSim\u00ae simulation model as well as a user\u2019s guide describing model features and a tutorial illustrating how to run the model which are included in the technical report. We recommend the use of this newer edition.","keyword":["social conditions","visitor flows","management","visitor monitoring","limits of acceptable change","LAC","planning","boundaries","environment","inlandWaters","location","society","transportation","Environment and People","Recreation","Natural Resource Management & Use","Wilderness","Minnesota","Superior National Forest","Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness"],"spatial":"-93.2,47.3,-89.50,48.7","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0010-2","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0010-2","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2020-05-13"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Long-term effects of restoration treatments in a juniper woodland invaded by annual exotic grasses: juniper removal, pile burning and native seeding ","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0032","description":"These data document understory vegetation cover and juniper overstory cover for a juniper removal study with unthinned controls on the Crooked River National Grassland in central Oregon, USA. Juniper removal was conducted in 2008-2010, slash was piled and burned, and piles and skid trails were later seeded with two different seed mixes. Both plot- and transect-level data were measured. Plot data include understory vegetation cover by vascular species measured with randomly placed 1-meter (m) plots in two different experiments of disturbance type: 1) slash piles, and 2) skid trails, followed by three native seeding treatments 1) cultivar, 2) local sources, and 3) no seed. Both seed mixes contained western yarrow (Achillea millefolium), bottlebrush squirreltail (Elymus elymoides) and bluebunch wheatgrass (Pseudoroegneria spicata). Plots were measured prior to juniper removal in 2008 in the slash pile disturbance experiment, and then following treatment in both the slash pile and skid trail disturbance experiments in 2010, 2011, 2013 and 2017. Plot measurements include ground cover by type, plant cover by species, and juniper basal area. For transect data, understory vegetation cover by vascular species and juniper overstory were measured with systematically placed line-point transects across the landscape for a nine year period - prior to thinning in 2008, and then in 2013 and 2017, three and seven years post-treatment, respectively. Transect measurements include ground cover by type, plant cover by species, and juniper density (high or low).Understory vegetation and juniper overstory data were collected to examine the long-term (~8 years) effectiveness of both post-treatment seeding and the project treatments more generally in terms of restoring sagebrush community composition and structure and increasing ecosystem resilience, and to assess if pre-treatment juniper basal area affected restoration outcomes. Understory vegetation data were also collected to examine the impact of juniper removal and the longer-term effectiveness of post-fuel reduction and in particular, the response of three invasive annual grasses: cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum), medusahead (Tainantherum caput-medusae) and ventenata (Ventenata dubia).","keyword":["biota","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Plant ecology","Fire","Wildland\/urban interface","Forest & Plant Health","Invasive species","Natural Resource Management & Use","Restoration","exotic annual grass","juniper encroachment","Juniperus occidentalis","thinning","JFSP","Joint Fire Science Program","Oregon","Crooked River National Grassland"],"spatial":"-121.34639,44.51231,-121.32639,44.53464","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0032","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0032","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2020-05-07"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Data on the effects of elevated carbon dioxide and ozone on carbon and nitrogen metabolism in the foliage and sapwood of trembling aspen, paper birch, and sugar maple at the Aspen FACE (Free-Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment) study site","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0033","description":"This data publication includes biochemical parameters as measured in foliage and sapwood from trees included in the Aspen FACE (Free-Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment) Experiment on the Harshaw Research Farm (renamed the Rhinelander Experimental Forest in 2015), near Rhinelander, WI. Three different clones of trembling aspen, Paper birch and sugar maple trees were exposed to seasonal fumigations of Ozone (O\u2083), Carbon Dioxide (CO\u2082), and CO\u2082+O\u2083 in open-air rings between 1998 and May 2009. Data includes free polyamines, free amino acids, soluble ions, chlorophyll and soluble protein and were analyzed by HPLC, ICP, and spectrophotometer. Foliage samples were collected from 2006-2008 and sapwood samples were taken in 2009.The Aspen FACE Experiment was a collaborative and multidisciplinary study to examine how different plant attributes (e.g. metabolism, anatomy, physiology, growth, development, wood growth, root and soil characteristics) responded to increased ozone and carbon dioxide concentrations. The data collected could be used in climate change models to show the potential impacts of those plant responses on the structure and function of northern forest ecosystems.For more information about the Aspen FACE Experiment and other studies from this site, see http:\/\/aspenface.mtu.edu\/ and https:\/\/facedata.ornl.gov\/aspen\/.\n\t  \nOriginal metadata date was 05\/12\/2020. On 07\/24\/2020 metadata were updated to include additional keywords.","keyword":["biota","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","environment","Climate change","Carbon","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Plant ecology","Forest & Plant Health","Air, soil, water pollution (environmental injury)","Climate effects","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","aspen","birch","maple","tropospheric ozone","carbon dioxide","amino acids","chlorophyll","foliar physiology","metabolism","nutrients","polyamines","soluble protein","Rhinelander Experimental Forest","Harshaw Forestry Research Farm","Wisconsin"],"spatial":"-89.63077,45.67394,-89.62552,45.68118","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0033","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0033","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2020-07-24"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Data for firebrands generated from selected structural fuels: Joint Fire Science Program project (15-1-04-4)","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0034","description":"In order to have a better understanding of statistical distribution of firebrands' mass, size (projected area), and traveling distance, full-scale firebrand generation experiments were conducted. Full-scale structural components (fence, corner, and roof) and their assemblies were built from typical residential building construction materials. The samples were ignited and exposed to realistic gusty wind traces in a wind tunnel facility in the Insurance Institute for Business & Home Safety (IBHS) Research Center located in Richburg, South Carolina. Water pans were placed downwind to quench the flying firebrands immediately after landing. The distance between the center of the water pans in which the firebrands' landed and the front location of the burning sample was defined as the traveling distance. The firebrands were collected from the water pans and placed in an oven to reach zero percent moisture content. Dried firebrands were scattered on a white sheet. High-resolution pictures were captures of each sheet using a digital camera (Nikon D5600). Following that, an automated image processing algorithm using MATLAB was developed and employed to measure firebrand projected area. Using a digital balance (Sartorius H51, resolution of \u00b10.0001 gram), firebrand mass was measured. Experiments and raw data collection for this study were conducted from 2016-2017. The result was 50,571 firebrands collected and measured, with 24,149 from structural components and 26,422 from structural assemblies.The collected firebrands from previous firebrand production experiments using full-scale building components and their assemblies varied between 50 and 1000 firebrands. The sample size of this study is significantly larger than any existing firebrand data sets. This work was based on a statistics-based framework for the sampling and measurement processes in firebrand generation experiments so that the obtained firebrand data can achieve the desired level of statistical reliability. These firebrand data sets are useful in understanding the characteristics and distribution of firebrands generated from various structural fuels. They can be used for developing and training predictive models for the firebrand phenomenon (generation, transport, and ignition), models to predict fire spread in the wildland and wildland-urban interface, and models to estimate risks from wildfire. They are also useful for wildfire mitigation strategies or guidelines to minimize threat and damage from firebrand attacks.Original metadata was published on 05\/20\/2020. On 09\/01\/2021 the data embargo was lifted and the data for this publication became available.","keyword":["structure","Fire","Forest Products","firebrand","ember","structural fuels","residential buildings","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","United States","South Carolina"],"spatial":"-80.95075,34.65798,-80.95075,34.65798","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0034","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0034","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-09-01"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Data for firebrands generated from selected vegetative fuels: Joint Fire Science Program project (15-1-04-4)","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0035","description":"This data publication reports the experimental data of firebrands (or embers) generated from five vegetative fuels under gusty winds in a full-scale wind tunnel facility. Criteria for the selection of wildland vegetative fuels were: (1) They should be representative of typical wildland vegetative fuels in the U.S. that are prone to ignition and firebrand generation; (2) They should be accessible to experimental teams in North Carolina and South Carolina at reasonable costs. The following wildland vegetative fuels were used in this study: chamise (Adenostoma fasciculatum) and saw palmetto (Serenoa repens) as shrubs, loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) and Leyland cypress (Cupressus x leylandii) as trees, and little bluestem grass (Schizachyrium scoparium) for grass samples. Live saw palmetto samples were collected from the Victoria Bluff Heritage Preserve\/Wildlife Management Area in Bluffton, SC. Loblolly pine and Leyland cypress trees were harvested on private property in Richburg, SC. Chamise samples were collected from the North Mountain Experimental Area near Riverside, CA, and shipped to the testing facility in Richburg, SC. Shipped chamise samples were reconstructed by inserting the shipped parts into wire cages. Little bluestem grass samples were collected from Texas and shipped to the testing site. Experiments and data collection took place from October 2016 through December 2017 for the Joint Fire Science Program Project: 15-1-04-4. Data provided in this package present physical properties including mass, projected area, and flying distance reported for 9,249 firebrands generated from the five wildland vegetative fuels.The population of these data is larger than any available firebrand dataset for vegetative fuels to date. Whole-plant experiments, random, non-consecutive sampling method, and realistic test conditions (e.g., fluctuating wind speed) provided an opportunity to characterize firebrands produced under more realistic conditions. This firebrand data set is useful in understanding the characteristics and distribution of firebrands generated from different vegetative fuels. They can be used for developing and training predictive models for the firebrand phenomenon, models to predict fire spread in the wildland and wildland-urban interface, and models to assess risks from wildfire. They are also useful to develop wildfire mitigation strategies or guidelines to minimize the threat and damage from firebrand attacks.Original metadata was published on 05\/13\/2020. On 09\/01\/2021 the data embargo was lifted and the data for this publication became available.","keyword":["biota","Fire","Wildland\/urban interface","wildland-urban interface","firebrand","ember","firebrand generation","wind","ignition","wildfire","wildland-urban interface","spotting","vegetation","structural fire protection","fuel moisture content","grass","tree","shrub","wildfire spread","wildfire risk","chamise","Adenostoma fasciculatum","saw palmetto","Serenoa repens","loblolly pine","Pinus taeda","Leyland cypress","Cupressus x leylandii","little bluestem","Schizachyrium scoparium","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","United States","California","North Carolina","South Carolina","Texas"],"spatial":"-80.95075,34.65798,-80.95075,34.65798","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0035","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0035","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-09-01"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Data for \"Reconstructing historical outbreaks of mountain pine beetle in lodgepole pine forests in the Colorado Front Range\"","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0036","description":"This data publication includes data collected in support of a study to reconstruct mountain pine beetle outbreaks in lodgepole pine forests using insect symptomatology on the Arapaho-Roosevelt National Forest, Canyon Lakes Ranger District, in the Colorado Front Range. In the summers of 2012, 2013, and 2015 we identified logs of mountain pine beetle-killed trees from 11 sites based on visually identifiable signs of beetle infestation and collected cross-sections and tree cores, developed tree ring chronologies and determined death dates through tree ring analysis. Included in this publication are data from the logs and cores sampled at each of 11 sites. From a cross-section of each log or core we provide pith or inside date, death date, age at death, and mortality event that the log was associated with. Diameter at breast height data is available for the trees that could be reliably measured.Mountain pine beetle is a major natural disturbance agent that can cause extensive tree mortality of lodgepole pine in the Colorado Front Range and across western conifer forests in the United States. There is little published information on the history of outbreaks of mountain pine beetles across its range and none from the Colorado Front Range. Past reconstructions have relied on the examination of growth releases of surviving trees which can actually be the result of a number of factors. In this study, insect attack symptomatology was used to identify trees killed by the insect. Tree-ring analysis was then used to identify precise (within a few years) death dates. Continuing our examination of historical insect outbreaks and interacting disturbances will lead to a better understanding of forest stand development and inform future management strategies to maintain sustainable and resilient ecosystems.","keyword":["biota","Forest & Plant Health","Insects","Dendroctonus ponderosae","Pinus contorta","bark beetles","disturbance ecology","Colorado","Canyon Lakes Ranger District","Arapaho-Roosevelt National Forest"],"spatial":"-105.8618898268,40.5552760945,-105.5099355058,40.8268844925","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0036","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0036","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2020-09-16"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04"],"programCode":["010:164"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Fuels and fire behavior from masticated treatments burned in laboratory and field experiments in thinned 30-year old pine plantations, Idaho","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0037","description":"This data publication includes tree characteristics before and after mastication treatments, fuelbed characteristics, and fire behavior observed in both field and laboratory burning experiments at the West Hatter Unit of the University of Idaho Experimental Forest. This study included three ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) dominated stands, each planted in 1982 (making them approximately 30-years old) after clearcutting and broadcast burning left few residual large logs and stumps. Both fine and coarse mastification were applied to each of these stands in June 2014. Control and treatment data were collected from December 2013 through December 2017.These data were collected with the primary objective of improving our understanding of how fire impacts mature trees by quantifying relationships between fire intensity and post-fire mature ponderosa pine growth and defenses.","keyword":["biota","environment","Fire","Fire ecology","Fire suppression, pre-suppression","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","fire radiative flux density","fire radiative energy density","fire behavior","fire severity","post-fire impacts","resin ducts","mountain pine beetle","tree density","crown base height","diameter","flame length","rate of spread","consumption","fuelbeds","mastication","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","Idaho","Moscow","University of Idaho Experimental Forest","University of Idaho","United States"],"spatial":"-116.83890,46.83610,-116.85560,46.84170","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0037","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0037","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2020-05-20"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Digital surface, terrain, and canopy height models for Priest River Experimental Forest in 2002","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0001-2","description":"The data publication contains 1 meter raster data sets for three different digital elevation models (DEM) for the Priest River Experimental Forest in north Idaho in 2002. The first is a digital terrain model (DTM), which is the ground surface with all vegetation and human-made structures removed. The second is a digital surface model (DSM), which includes all vegetation and human-made structures. The last is a canopy height model (CHM), which is the difference between the DSM and the DTM surfaces.Provide high resolution terrain elevation and land cover elevation data for the Priest River Experimental Forest.These data are a newer edition of the Hudak et al. (2013, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0001) data publication. This second edition corrects height discrepancies that were found between 2002 and 2011 lidar data. The 2002 lidar data were corrected by adding 16.5 meters to the height value of each lidar return, and DTM and DSM surfaces. A newer algorithm was used to classify returns as ground and nonground, and create the CHM surface.\n\t  \nThis 2nd edition was published on 06\/24\/2020. On 07\/10\/2020 we updated the metadata to include a cross-reference for a newly published Priest River Experimental Forest data publication that contains similar data for 2011.","keyword":["LiDAR","digital elevation model","digital terrain model","digital surface model","canopy height model","elevation data","topography","land cover","high-resolution","vegetation","elevation","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Landscape ecology","Natural Resource Management & Use","Landscape management","Priest River Experimental Forest","Idaho","UTM 11N"],"spatial":"-116.85563,48.32867,-116.72697,48.37540","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0001-2","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0001-2","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2020-07-10"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Effects of nutrient addition on leaf chemistry and metabolism of three bog shrubs growing in the Mer Bleue bog, a Canadian boreal peatland","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0038","description":"These data contain biochemical parameters as measured in foliage of three ericaceous shrubs as part of a long-term fertilization experiment at Mer Bleue bog in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Velvetleaf blueberry, Bog Labrador tea and Leatherleaf were experimentally treated with Nitrogen (N) and Nitrogen + Phosphorus + Potassium (N+P+K) at levels 5 and 20 times greater than the ambient growing season wet Nitrogen deposition (0.8 grams of Nitrogen per square meter per year [g N m\u207b\u00b2 yr\u207b\u00b9]). There were a total of 5 treatments (control, 5N, 5NPK, 20N, 20NPK); each treatment had three replicate plots 3 \u00d7 3 m in size. Nitrogen as Ammonium Nitrate (NH4NO3) and Nitrogen + Phosphorus + Potassium as Ammonium Nitrate + Potassium Phosphate (NH4NO3 + KH2PO4) was dissolved in distilled water and applied in soluble form as an application of 2 millimeters at 3-week intervals from early May to late August. Control plots were treated with distilled water. Three treatment applications began in 2000, the 20N treatment was added in 2005. Foliar sampling took place in 2008, which was eight and three years after initiation, respectively. Data includes free polyamines, free amino acids, soluble ions, chlorophyll and soluble proteins that were analyzed using an HPLC, ICP, and spectrophotometer.This was a collaborative study to examine how different plant attributes (anatomy, physiology and photosynthesis) responded to increased Nitrogen, Phosphorous and Potassium concentrations. The increased nutrient input and resulting plant response data could be used in modeling efforts to predict potential impacts on the structure and function of peatlands.Original metadata date was 06\/26\/2020. On 07\/24\/2020 metadata were updated to include additional keywords.","keyword":["biota","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","environment","inlandWaters","Climate change","Climate change effects","Ecological adaptation","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","Plant ecology","Forest & Plant Health","Air, soil, water pollution (environmental injury)","Botany","Climate effects","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","ericaceous shrubs","nutrient addition","boreal peatland","ombrotrophic bog","amino acids","chlorophyll","foliar physiology","metabolism","nutrients","polyamines","soluble protein","Canada","Mer Bleue Bog","Ottawa"],"spatial":"-75.51345,45.39004,-75.50916,45.39355","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0038","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0038","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2020-07-24"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Penobscot Experimental Forest boundary, roads, trails, management units, and permanent sample plot locations","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0008-2","description":"This data publication contains shapefiles for the boundary, roads, trails, management units, and permanent sample plot locations on the Penobscot Experimental Forest (PEF) in Bradley and Eddington, Maine, USA. Also contained within this publication are the locations of the following long-term United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service experiments on the PEF: Compartment Management Study (CMS; Silviculture Effects on Composition, Structure, and Growth), Management Intensity Demonstration (MID), Auxiliary Selection Cutting Study (ASCS), Provenance Planting Study (PROVENANCE), Beech Bark Disease Monitoring Study (BEECH), Logging Methods Study (LOGGING), Biomass Harvesting and Prescribed Burning Study (BIOMASS), Northern White-Cedar Silviculture Study (CEDAR), Cutover Mixedwood Stands Study (REHAB), and the Precommercial Thinning x Fertilization Study (STUDY 58). University of Maine management units and permanent sample plot locations on the PEF are not included in this publication.These data can be used for mapping or spatial analysis of vegetation and site data collected in long-term experiments at the Penobscot Experimental Forest.This data publication is a second edition. The first edition was published in 2014 (Rogers et al. 2014; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0008). This second edition, published on 06\/25\/2020, includes an update to the original shapefiles provided in the first edition with some corrections and modifications to maintain consistency across the files. An additional shapefile is included that provides the location of other long-term USDA Forest Service experiments on the PEF.\n\t  \nOriginal metadata date was 06\/18\/2020. On 07\/13\/2020 the PEF_PlotLocations_May2020 shapefile was edited as follows: locations of inactive permanent sample plots in MU 21 were added, the attributes Radius_FT, Radius_M, and Intensive were added to provide information about permanent sample plot characteristics in all MUs, and some data were converted from numeric to text. The PEF_MUs_June2020 shapefile was also edited, with two out areas added in MU 3 and acres and hectares recalculated for that MU. Finally, new versions of the supplemental files FullPEF and Database Changes were provided to include the revisions described above. The metadata was updated to reflect these changes.","keyword":["boundaries","location","transportation","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","Wilderness","Penobscot Experimental Forest","Maine"],"spatial":"-68.64430,44.82690,-68.58620,44.87260","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0008-2","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2014-0008-2","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2020-07-17"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Carbon stock inventory of mangroves, Pongara National Park, Gabon","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0040","description":"Mangroves in Pongara National Park, Gabon, West Africa were inventoried and soils sampled using a stratified random sampling design to provide a basis for estimating ecosystem carbon stocks. Mangrove canopy height, derived from remote sensing data, was used as the basis for stratification, and a spatial decision support system was used to objectively allocate the inventory plots. The inventory was designed to provide estimates of above-ground and below-ground carbon stocks for the Park using the remote sensing data as the basis. Seventeen plots, representing the range in stand conditions, were inventoried 9-24 February, 2017.  Measurements include mangrove species, total tree height, and diameter at breast height for overstory, understory and dead trees. Soil samples were collected to estimate the carbon and nitrogen content to 2 meters below the surface. Data on individual trees and soil samples within plots is provided.Mangroves are recognized for their numerous ecosystem services and functions that are critical to environmental health and human wellbeing in the regions where they occur and beyond. Although mangroves comprise only 0.7% of the world\u2019s tropical forests, they have been shown to contain globally-significant carbon pools, storing up to five times more carbon than typical upland tropical forests per area. This work was conducted to (a) demonstrate the utility of utilizing remote sensing data to provide the basis for an objective inventory of mangrove carbon stocks, and (b) to provide a basis for validating estimates of mangrove biomass derived from remote sensing based tools.These data were published on 07\/07\/2020. On 06\/26\/2023 the metadata was updated to include information about a related article.\n\t  \nFor additional information about these data, see Trettin et al. (2021).","keyword":["biota","mangrove carbon stocks","mangrove inventory","biomass","blue carbon","Climate change","Carbon","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","Plant ecology","Soil","West Africa","Pongara National Park","Gabon"],"spatial":"9.26218122,-1.1322898,10.01052171,0.3590689","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0040","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0040","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-06-26"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Field plot measures and fuel treatment units used to assess the effectiveness of (WUI) fuel treatments burned through by the 2007 East Zone and Cascade megafires in central Idaho","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0005-2","description":"This data publication contains both vector and tabular digital data providing field plot measures and fuel treatment units used to assess the effectiveness of (WUI) fuel treatments burned through by the 2007 East Zone and Cascade megafires in central Idaho. Included are two ArcGIS shapefiles that contain the polygons representing units treated in 2006 for the Secesh Meadows area and the polygons representing the units treated between 1996 and 2006 for the Warm Lake area. Also included are four tabular digital data files. The first data file contains specific fuel treatment and wildfire effects measured and summarized at paired treated and untreated field sites, both immediately post-fire (2007) and one year post-fire (2008). Data fields include site center locations, charred and uncharred ground cover fractions, litter and duff depths, overstory canopy closure, tree and sapling mortality, density, and basal area; tree, sapling and surface fuel biomass; and several other variables. The second data file contains areal percentages of high, moderate, low, and unburned severity classes within wildland-urban interface (WUI) fuel treatment units extracted from immediate post-fire and one-year post-fire Burned Area Reflectance Classification maps (Hudak et al. 2011b). The third file contains the amount of area burned daily for the Secesh Meadows area, Warm Lake area, and the total for the East Zone and Cascade megafires, as summarized from fire progression data (Hudak et al. 2011a). The fourth data file contains individual tree and sapling count observations taken in 2008 at the same 40 paired sites (treated and untreated). Measurements include plot information, tree species, tree condition, tree diameter at breast height (DBH), tree burn characteristics, as well as live and dead sapling species and counts, and stump counts. The individual tree data were used in an individual tree-level analysis of crown fire severity (Klauberg et al. 2019).These data were collected to quantitatively assess the effectiveness of WUI fuel treatments, designed to protect the local communities of Secesh Meadows and Warm Lake that were burned through by the 2007 East Zone and Cascade megafires, respectively, in central Idaho.These data are a newer edition of the Hudak et al. (2013, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0005) data publication. This second edition includes individual tree and sapling data collected in 2008 at the 40 paired sites, which were only summarized at plot level in the first edition. The tree and sapling variables summarized for the first edition have been retained in the second edition.","keyword":["biota","environment","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","Climate change","Climatology","Fire","Fire effects on environment","Fire ecology","Fire suppression, pre-suppression","Prescribed fire","Wildland\/urban interface","wildfire","burn severity","char","Idaho","Secesh Meadows","Secesh River","Warm Lake","Boise National Forest","Payette National Forest"],"spatial":"-115.9914,44.6145,-115.4811,45.5192","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0005-2","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0005-2","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2020-07-07"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Digital surface, terrain, and canopy height models for Boise Basin Experimental Forest in 2018","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0041","description":"This data publication contains three digital rasters with a spatial resolution of one meter: 1) a digital surface model (DSM), which represents the highest lidar return in each grid cell; 2) a digital terrain model (DTM), a representation of the ground surface with vegetation and other non-ground returns removed; and 3) a canopy height model (CHM), a representation of the height of vegetation above the ground surface. Digital rasters were derived from lidar data that were acquired by the U.S. Geological Survey over Boise Basin Experimental Forest, Idaho, USA in 2018.To provide a high-resolution representation of vegetation structure across Boise Basin Experimental Forest.","keyword":["biota","imageryBaseMapsEarthCover","elevation","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Landscape ecology","Landscape management","Natural Resource Management & Use","canopy height model","digital surface model","digital terrain model","elevation data","forest","high-resolution","land cover","lidar","remote sensing","topography","vegetation","Boise Basin Experimental Forest","Idaho"],"spatial":"-115.8795,43.74575,-115.7076,43.88018","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0041","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0041","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2020-07-09"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Digital surface, terrain, and canopy height models for Deception Creek Experimental Forest in 2011","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0042","description":"This data publication contains three digital rasters with a spatial resolution of one meter: 1) a digital surface model (DSM), which represents the highest lidar return in each grid cell; 2) a digital terrain model (DTM), a representation of the ground surface with vegetation and other non-ground returns removed; and 3) a canopy height model (CHM), a representation of the height of vegetation above the ground surface. Digital rasters were derived from lidar data that were acquired over Deception Creek Experimental Forest, Idaho, USA in 2011.To provide a high-resolution representation of vegetation structure across Deception Creek Experimental Forest.","keyword":["biota","elevation","imageryBaseMapsEarthCover","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Landscape ecology","Landscape management","Natural Resource Management & Use","canopy height model","digital surface model","digital terrain model","elevation data","forest","high-resolution","land cover","lidar","remote sensing","topography","vegetation","Deception Creek Experimental Forest","Idaho"],"spatial":"-116.5564,47.71375,-116.4718,47.75555","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0042","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0042","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2020-07-09"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Digital surface, terrain, and canopy height models for Priest River Experimental Forest in 2011","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0043","description":"This data publication contains three digital rasters with a spatial resolution of one meter: 1) a digital surface model (DSM), which represents the highest lidar return in each grid cell; 2) a digital terrain model (DTM), a representation of the ground surface with vegetation and other non-ground returns removed; and 3) a canopy height model (CHM), a representation of the height of vegetation above the ground surface. Digital rasters were derived from lidar data that were acquired over Priest River Experimental Forest, Idaho, USA in 2011.To provide a high-resolution representation of vegetation structure across Priest River Experimental Forest.","keyword":["biota","elevation","imageryBaseMapsEarthCover","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Landscape ecology","Landscape management","Natural Resource Management & Use","canopy height model","digital surface model","digital terrain model","elevation data","forest","high-resolution","land cover","lidar","remote sensing","topography","vegetation","Priest River Experimental Forest","Idaho"],"spatial":"-116.8570,48.32800,-116.7256,48.37605","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0043","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0043","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2020-07-09"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Forest ownership in the conterminous United States circa 2017: distribution of eight ownership types - geospatial dataset","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0044","description":"This geospatial dataset depicts ownership patterns of forest land across the conterminous United States. Eight ownership categories are modeled, including three public ownerships: federal, state, and local; four private categories: family, corporate, Timber Investment Management Organization (TIMO) and Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT), and other private (including conservation organizations and unincorporated associations); and Native American tribal land. The data are modeled from Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) points from 2012-2017 and the most up-to-date publicly available boundaries of federal, state, and tribal lands.These data are intended to support national- and regional-scale planning and analyses involving spatially explicit distribution and patterns of forest ownership. These data are not intended or recommended for subregional- or local-scale planning or analyses. Map accuracy varies between ownership categories and regions, limiting its use for local or specific decision making.A corresponding Research Map (RMAP) has been produced to cartographically portray this dataset (Sass et al. 2020; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/NRS-RMAP-11).\n\nThree previous data publications also model forest ownership types across the conterminous United States. Nelson et al. (2010) depicts public and private forest ownership, and differentiates corporate from other private ownership. Hewes et al. (2014) differentiates three public ownership categories (federal, state, and local) and three private ownership categories (family, corporate, and other private). Hewes et al. (2017) depicts these six categories as well as tribal lands. This dataset is updated with recently available data and differentiates a new private ownership category: Timber Investment Management Organizations (TIMOs) and Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs), which are presented as a combined category.","keyword":["boundaries","environment","planningCadastre","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Resource inventory","Environment and People","Impact of people on environment","forest ownership","forest land","non-forest","owner types","public","private","timber investment management organization","real estate investment trust","corporate","tribal","United States of America","lower 48","contiguous","conterminous","CONUS"],"spatial":"-129.971335,21.742308,-63.921508,52.361092","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0044","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0044","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2020-07-23"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Data for \"Riverine dissolved organic carbon and freshwater export in the eastern Gulf of Alaska\"","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0045","description":"This data package contains the watershed and stream chemistry variables used in Edwards et al. (2021). These data have been broken up into 5 different tables based on their application in Edwards et al. (2021). Table A contains size and location information for the 2,455 watersheds in the southeast Alaska drainage basin (SEAKDB), along with the variables watershed percent glacier cover and proportion of the watershed in 0-5 degree slopes. Stream dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration measurements taken around Juneau, Alaska and from the Taku and Stikine Rivers are included in Table B. Table C includes mean monthly streamflow and gage basin attributes for 62 USGS gauges in the SEAKDB. The fourth table (D) includes stream discharge and DOC concentration measurements from 14 SEAKDB glacier watersheds. Table E contains measured stream discharge and DOC concentration for the Taku and Stikine Rivers. Also included is an ESRI file geodatabase containing the SEAKDB watershed boundaries used for the analysis.The purpose of this publication is to provide additional supporting data used for the analysis in Edwards et al. (2021) that is not already contained within the Edwards et al. (2021) publication.These data were published on 10\/08\/2020. On 12\/21\/2020 the metadata were updated to include the DOI for the associated article. Additional minor metadata updates were made on 01\/15\/2021.","keyword":["inlandWaters","boundaries","Climate change","Carbon","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","carbon","dissolved organic carbon","flux","freshwater discharge","geochemistry","runoff","stream water","watershed","watershed boundaries","Gulf of Alaska","southeast Alaska","Alaska","British Columbia","Yukon Territory"],"spatial":"-140.637642,54.210770,-126.720771,62.156553","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0045","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0045","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-01-15"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Effects of crown loss as a result of the 1998 ice storm on foliar metabolites in sugar maple and American beech growing in Vermont and New Hampshire; how\/when trees respond to the effects of injury","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0046","description":"These data contain biochemical parameters as measured in foliage of two hardwood tree species in the northeastern U.S. in response to damage caused by a regional ice storm. In January of 1998, a major storm event left over 17 million acres of forests in the northeastern U.S. and eastern Canada covered in variable thicknesses of ice. By October 1998 ice damaged study plots were established and comparative crown damage assessments were completed. In mid-July to mid-August 1999, 2000, and 2001 foliage was collected from 3 crown damage classes, representing different percentages of crown loss, of sugar maple growing at Butterfield Mountain, VT, and from American beech trees in the Bartlett Experimental Forest, NH. A follow-up collection was made from the remaining beech trees at Bartlett in 2015. Data used to evaluate how\/when trees respond to the effects of injury and\/or recovery includes free polyamines, free amino acids, soluble ions, chlorophyll and soluble proteins that were analyzed using an HPLC, ICP, and spectrophotometer.This was a study to examine how foliar metabolites respond over time to different degrees of damage from major storm events. As it is predicted that the number and severity of storms will increase, resulting tree response data could be used in modeling efforts to predict potential impacts on the structure and function of northern hardwood forests.","keyword":["biota","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","environment","Climate change","Climate change effects","Ecological adaptation","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Plant ecology","Forest & Plant Health","Botany","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","ice storm","sugar maple","American beech","amino acids","chlorophyll","foliar physiology","metabolism","nutrients","polyamines","soluble protein","Bartlett Experimental Forest","Vermont","New Hampshire","Butterfield Mountain","Groton State Forest","Orange","Orange county","New England Upland physiographic region","Bartlett","Carroll county","White Mountain physiographic region"],"spatial":"-72.33563,44.04822,-71.30564,44.17554","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0046","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0046","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2020-07-24"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"United States hurricane accumulated cyclone energy and its potential impacts to forest basal area and urban tree canopy","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0048","description":"This data publication contains the data used in a study to examine potential hurricane wind threats to both rural and urban forests in the conterminous United States. This package includes continuous raster data of accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) for the conterminous United States as well as continuous raster data of ACE times forest basal area, which was used to determine the potential hurricane impact on rural forests using forest basal area. Additionally included is the associated tabular data by county (FIPS code, name and state) including mean ACE, mean of ACE times forest basal area, mean of ACE times percent urban tree canopy, cumulative ACE, cumulative ACE times basal area, cumulative ACE times percent urban tree canopy, and their associated indices. index. While 2021 is the publication date, these data sets have the following vintage: 1851 to 2015.The purpose of this study was to assess risk of hurricanes to rural and urban forests.For more information about these data see Cole et al. (2021).\n\t  \nData were published on 02\/10\/2021. Minor metadata updates were made on 04\/20\/2023.","keyword":["biota","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","economy","environment","Forest & Plant Health","Climate effects","Forest Products","Natural Resource Management & Use","basal area","forest risk","tropical cyclones","urban forests","RPA Assessment","Resources Planning Act Assessment","conterminous United States","CONUS"],"spatial":"-124.73000,25.54000,-66.95000,49.38000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0048","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0048","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-04-20"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Hydrological data and site feature information for a forest clearcutting and residual biomass removal study at the Marcell Experimental Forest","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0049","description":"This data publication contains hydrological and survey data from an experimental manipulation of the forest cover on a north-facing hillslope in the S7 watershed at the Marcell Experimental Forest (MEF) in Balsam Township, Itasca County, Minnesota. The experiment occurred on a north-facing hillslope in the S7 watershed and the hillslope was divided into three equal plots, with two plots being harvested and one plot being left untouched. Measured data include daily water table elevations for two slope positions, daily subsurface runoff, daily, precipitation, daily soils moisture, pipe top and ground survey, and subsurface runoff trench dimensions collected between 2010 and 2013. Calculated data include event runoff ratios, hydraulic gradients between wells, saturated thickness of the sandy loam aquifer, effective hydraulic conductivity, as well as temporally paired treatment ratios between treatment hillslopes and an unharvested control hillslope.These data were collected as part of a hillslope-scale forestry experiment to determine the effects of residual biomass removal on hillslope hydrology and mercury mobilization. Monitoring occurred from March to November between 2010 and 2013, when the study terminated.Original publication date was 09\/09\/2020. On 09\/21\/2020, 11\/05\/2020, and 04\/18\/2024, minor metadata updates were made.","keyword":["environment","inlandWaters","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","Landscape ecology","Soil","Forest Products","Bioenergy and biomass","Natural Resource Management & Use","Agroforestry","Forest management","Landscape management","Timber","Water","precipitation","runoff","soil moisture","Marcell Experimental Forest","Balsam Township","Itasca County","Minnesota"],"spatial":"-93.470,47.521,-83.469,47.522","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0049","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0049","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-04-18"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Soil and vegetation responses to 1967-1968 disturbances on the Miller Creek Demonstration Forest: thirty year data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0050","description":"This data publication includes vegetation and soil data acquired 30-years after an experiment was initiated (1967-1968) on the Miller Creek Demonstration Forest in western Montana, USA, to determine the effects of harvest in combination with different prescribed fire severities on conifer regeneration. A wildfire in August 1967 burned or reburned initial plots. We identified 11 disturbance categories based on habitat type, harvest level, prescribed fire, and wildfire. Data were collected from 1996 through 1998. Vegetation data included identification, counts, and basal diameters of all shrubs, tree seedlings, and trees, and biomass of herbaceous plants. All plant types were sampled to determine carbon and nitrogen concentrations. Surface woody residue data were obtained through transects. Surface organic horizons and mineral soil data included forest floor and soil wood biomass, coarse rock content, organic matter content, and carbon and nitrogen concentrations.The primary objective was to document recovery of the vegetation and edaphic condition, with particular impacts on Larix occidentalis regeneration and carbon and nitrogen pools.Original metadata date was 09\/27\/2020. Minor metadata updates were made on 05\/12\/2021.","keyword":["biota","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Plant ecology","Soil","Fire","Fire ecology","Fire effects on environment","Prescribed fire","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","Landscape management","Restoration","even-aged management","harvesting","Larix occidentalis","carbon pools","nitrogen pools","regeneration","soil","wildfire","forest floor","woody residue","soil wood","nitrogen fixation","bulk density","Montana","Miller Creek Demonstration Forest","Flathead National Forest","Flathead County"],"spatial":"-114.64306,48.55833,-114.73028,48.50000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0050","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0050","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-05-12"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Historical tree surveys of the Umatilla National Forest","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0051","description":"The original public land survey for the Umatilla National Forest was completed primarily between 1879 and 1887. Notes from these General Land Office (GLO) surveys provide the earliest systematically recorded information about species composition for national forest system lands in the Blue Mountains of northeastern Oregon and southeastern Washington. Using these historical records we were able to obtain GLO survey point locations as well as tree species and size information for trees found in the survey process. Point locations are included as a shapefile, and trees species and diameter are provided in tabular format.The GLO survey notes serve as a data source for characterizing presettlement vegetation conditions for the Umatilla National Forest.Data were published on 08\/06\/2020. On 11\/05\/2020 the metadata were updated to include reference to the article associated with these data (Hanberry et al. 2020).","keyword":["biota","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Environment and People","Forest & Plant Health","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Natural Resource Management & Use","douglas fir","grand fir","lodgepole pine","ponderosa pine","Oregon","Washington","Umatilla National Forest"],"spatial":"-119.950435,44.623644,-117.218081,46.381428","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0051","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0051","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2020-11-05"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Effects of laminated root rot infection level and chemical fumigants on survival and growth of Douglas-fir near Apiary, Oregon","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0052","description":"Laminated root rot caused by Coniferiporia weirii is a significant disease of western conifers; it is important to understand the effects of the disease on tree growth and survival and, for some management objectives, to develop treatments that will reduce those effects. This study was conducted in a 47-year-old Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) stand in northwest Oregon (near Apiary) between 1981 and 1991 (Harrington and Thies 2007). We evaluated the effects of root system infection on diameter and height growth, and also evaluated the effects of nine fumigation treatments on tree growth. Data include, but are not limited to, tree height, diameter at breast height, annual growths, vigor ratings and root disease infection rates.Coniferiporia weirii, the cause of laminated root rot, is a widespread root pathogen of conifer species throughout the northwestern United States and British Columbia, Canada. The fungus attacks live roots and can cause tree death either directly, by reducing the amount of functioning root system, or indirectly, by increasing tree susceptibility to windthrow. Previous management strategies to reduce the effects of laminated root rot focused on favoring tree species that are immune or resistant to the disease or reducing inoculum by stump removal. This study tested chemical injection as a possible alternative control method. The study also looked carefully at the effects of root infection levels (determined by root excavation and evaluation) and tree growth prior to excavation.Other aspects of this study are also described in Thies and Nelson (1996).","keyword":["farming","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","tree growth","height growth","diameter growth","Douglas-fir","Pseudotsuga menziesii","laminated root rot","Phellinus weirii","Coniferiporia weirii","fumigant injection","chemical control","root infection","survival","northwestern Oregon","Columbia County","Oregon Coast Range"],"spatial":"-123.0,45.5,-122.5,46.0","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0052","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0052","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2020-08-28"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Twenty-year tree measurement data from true fir spacing trials in the Pacific Northwest","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0053","description":"A series of 18 precommercial thinning trials were established in true-fir-hemlock stands in the Olympic Mountains and along the west side of the Cascade Range in Washington and Oregon, from 1987 through 1994. The stands were selected to represent the tree conditions (species, density, stand origin) and site conditions of stands likely to be managed in the future. Each of the 18 installations contained either 1 or 2 sets of 6 treatment plots with each set including an unthinned (control plot) and 5 plots thinned to different approximate square spacings: 7.9, 10.1, 12.8, 16.4, and 20.9 feet. Treatment plot sizes ranged from 0.59 to 0.92 acres with larger plots used for wider tree spacings. Measurement plots (0.25 acres) were buffered inside the treatment plots. On thinned plots, all trees remaining after thinning were tagged and diameter at breast height (DBH) as well as tree condition were recorded if the tree had a DBH at or above 0.6 inches. On unthinned (control) plots, all trees with a DBH at or above 0.6 inches were measured. Tree height and height to live crown were also measured for a subset of trees (selected across species and size categories) after 5, 10 and 19-20 years. Crown width was measured on 4 height trees per species per plot at the last measurement only. Ingrowth trees with a DBH of 1.6 inches and larger were also tagged and measured on all plots at ages 5 and 10. At the last measurement (years 19-20), ingrowth trees > 4.6 inches DBH were tagged and measured and four 1\/50 acre subplots were established in each plot to record ingrowth > 1.6 inches and < 4.6 inches by species and 1 inch diameter classes (due to large numbers of ingrowth trees present on some widely spaced plots). In addition, during the last measurement period, trees measured for height and height to live crown were reduced to approximately 30 per species per plot distributed across the range of diameters.Very little information was available on growth rates on tree species in mid to high elevation stands in western Washington and Oregon. These stands, naturally regenerated or planted, included Pacific silver fir, noble fir, subalpine fir, western hemlock, and mountain hemlock. True fir species tend to have narrower crowns than the species present at lower elevations so may grow well at narrower spacings than Douglas-fir, and have slower juvenile growth but a long period of appreciable height growth extending to very advanced ages. Commercial thinning may or may not be feasible in true fir stands due to low timber value and concern about stem rots associated with thin bark; thus, managers were interested in evaluating tree growth response at a wide range of spacings in young stands.","keyword":["farming","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","true fir","tree growth","stand growth","height to live crown","tree height","tree diameter","species","Washington","Oregon","Olympic Mountains","Cascade Mountains","Olympic National Forest","Mt. Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest","Gifford Pinchot National Forest","Mt. Hood National Forest","Willamette National Forest"],"spatial":"-124.04580,44.64680,-121.26410,48.49220","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0053","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0053","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2020-09-01"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"The Fireshed Registry: Fireshed and project area boundaries for the continental United States","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0054","description":"The Fireshed Registry is a geospatial dashboard and decision tool built to organize information about wildfire transmission to communities and monitor progress towards risk reduction for communities from management investments. The concept behind the Fireshed Registry is to identify and map the source of risk rather than what is at risk across all lands in the continental United States. While the Fireshed Registry was organized around mapping the source of fire risk to communities, the framework does not preclude the assessment of other resource management priorities and trends such as water, fish and aquatic or wildlife habitat, or recreation. The Fireshed Registry is also a multi-scale decision tool for quantifying, prioritizing, and geospatially displaying wildfire transmission to buildings in adjacent or nearby communities.\n\t  \nFireshed areas in the Fireshed Registry are approximately 250,000 acre accounting units that are delineated based on a smoothed building exposure map of the continental United States. These boundaries were created by dividing up the landscape into regular-sized units that represent similar source levels of community exposure to wildfire risk. Project areas are approximately 25,000 acre accounting units nested within firesheds. This data publication includes a geodatabase that contains for both fireshed and project areas: boundaries, size, total annual number of buildings inside and outside of the area exposed by wildfires ignited within the area (based on 2010 housing unit data and 2014 fuels conditions), and percent of the area that has been disturbed since 2014 (2015-2018).The fireshed and project area boundaries are designed to delineate hotspots of fire transmission to adjacent or nearby communities to facilitate cohesive cross-boundary risk mitigation planning.This data publication was originally published on 10\/27\/2020. On 10\/20\/2021 minor metadata updates were made to correct an author's name. Additionally, a previous fireshed name change that accidentally wasn't carried over to the project areas layer has been corrected. On 01\/18\/2022, an updated version of the geodatabase was released. This update incorporated newer fireshed names and related fireshed codes. No boundaries were changed. On 06\/07\/2022, the metadata were updated to include reference to a newly available map service.\n\t  \n*These data are now also available as a map service: https:\/\/apps.fs.usda.gov\/arcx\/rest\/services\/EDW\/EDW_FireshedRegistry_01\/MapServer","keyword":["geoscientificInformation","Fire","Fire effects on environment","Wildland\/urban interface","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","wildfire","wildfire exposure","wildfire transmission","wildfire management","United States"],"spatial":"-127.881563,22.932504,-65.329158,51.595025","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0054","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0054","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-06-07"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Plant physiological and climate data for Tropical Responses to Altered Climate Experiment (TRACE) site at Sabana Field Research Station, Luquillo, Puerto Rico from 2015-2017","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0055","description":"This data publication includes all data used in data analysis in publication assessing physiological acclimation of the understory shrubs at the Tropical Responses to Altered Climate Eexperiment (TRACE), located at the Sabana Field Research Station in the Luquillo Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico. Physiological acclimation was assessed on two understory shrubs, Psychotria brachiata and Piper glabrescens, through photosynthetic and respiratory temperature response curves measured at four time points: January 2016, August 2016, January-February 2017, and June 2017. Supplemental physiology data were collected throughout the study period, including stomatal morphology and measures of the photosynthetic biochemical responses to temperature. Complementary environmental data were collected by TRACE describing surface temperature, air temperature, relative humidity, and soil moisture within the experimental plots. Environmental conditions underneath the canopy and rainfall were also collected and used for the study. The dataset includes approximately two years of environmental measurements of the field site and 1.5 years of physiology measurements. Also included are data analyses R code used in Carter et al. (2020).Assess whether two shrub species, Psychotria brachiata and Piper glabrescens, acclimate to experimental warming.These data were published on 12\/01\/2020. On 04\/11\/2022 the bounding coordinates provided for this study were corrected.","keyword":["biota","environment","Climate change","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Forest & Plant Health","Landscape ecology","Plant ecology","experimental warming","photosynthesis","plant respiration","stomatal traits","TRACE","tropical forest","Luquillo Experimental Forest","Puerto Rico","Sabana Field Research Station","El Yunque National Forest"],"spatial":"-65.73058,18.32465,-65.73058,18.32465","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0055","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0055","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-04-11"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Caspar Creek Experimental Watersheds Phase 1 (1962-1985) data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0017-2","description":"The Caspar Creek Experimental Watersheds are a long-term USDA Forest Service research site located near Fort Bragg, California in the Jackson Demonstration State Forest in a coast redwood and Douglas-fir dominated conifer forest. The site includes two experimental watersheds: the North Fork (479 hectares) and the South Fork (417 hectares). Measurements of precipitation, streamflow, and sediment transport began at Caspar Creek in 1962. Two timber harvesting experiments have been completed. The first experimental harvest (Phase 1) was a selective cut conducted in the South Fork watershed using tractor yarding in the early 1970s, prior to the implementation of the modern California Forest Practice Rules. Phase 1 of the project includes data from 1962 to 1985. Gaging stations were added in 12 subwatersheds of the North Fork by 1985 in preparation for the second experimental harvest (Phase 2). From 1985 to 1992, roughly half of the North Fork watershed was logged, mainly using clearcutting and cable yarding, and following the newly-enacted Forest Practice Rules. Gaging stations were added in 10 subwatersheds of the South Fork in 2000 in preparation for a third harvesting experiment (Phase 3). Logging for the third harvest occurred in 2017-2019 in the South Fork watershed.\n\t  \nThis data publication contains all Phase 1 data: 1) volumetric discharge data from the North Fork and South Fork weirs from 03 November 1962 to 31 July 1985, 2) annual pond deposition volumes for the weir collection ponds directly upstream of the North Fork and South Fork weirs from 1962-1985 (deposited material includes sediment and organic debris, and 3) suspended sediment concentrations collected at the North Fork and South Fork weirs 1962-1985. Also included are a geodatabase and shapefiles containing study locations, harvest units, and watershed boundaries for Phase 1.The Caspar Creek Experimental Watersheds were established to determine the effects of timber harvesting on streamflow and sediment delivery in northern coastal California watersheds.Additional metadata documents containing details specific to each data set are also provided in this data package. \n\t  \nThe first edition of the Phase 1 data was published on 03\/17\/2020 (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0017). This newer edition (2nd edition) of the Caspar Creek data publication, made available on 01\/08\/2021, includes additional data, corrections, and geospatial files. Data corrections are described in the \u201cSupplemental Information\u201d section of the relevant individual metadata files. Phase 3 (2017- ) data are being prepared for a future data publication. \n\nMinor additions and corrections were made to the discharge metadata on 03\/23\/2021. Minor additions were also made to this metadata document on 03\/23\/2021 and additionally on 04\/11\/2022.\n\t  \nThe Caspar Creek Phase 2 data (1985-2017) are also available (Richardson et al. 2021, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0018-2).","keyword":["elevation","environment","geoscientificInformation","inlandWaters","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest & Plant Health","creek","stream","suspended sediment concentration","bedload","bed load","sediment transport","hydrology","geomorphology","timber harvesting","experimental watersheds","time series","logging","Caspar Creek Experimental Watersheds","California","Mendocino County","Coast Ranges","Jackson Demonstration State Forest"],"spatial":"-123.76448,39.32192,-123.69842,39.38160","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0017-2","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0017-2","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-04-11"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Caspar Creek Experimental Watersheds Phase 2 (1985-2017) data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0018-2","description":"The Caspar Creek Experimental Watersheds are a long-term USDA Forest Service research site located near Fort Bragg, California in the Jackson Demonstration State Forest in a coast redwood and Douglas-fir dominated conifer forest. The site includes two experimental watersheds: the North Fork (479 hectares) and the South Fork (417 hectares). Measurements of precipitation, streamflow, and sediment transport began at Caspar Creek in 1962. Two timber harvesting experiments have been completed. The first experimental harvest (Phase 1) was a selective cut conducted in the South Fork watershed using tractor yarding in the early 1970s, prior to the implementation of the modern California Forest Practice Rules. Phase 1 of the project includes data from 1962 to 1985. Gaging stations were added in 12 subwatersheds of the North Fork by 1985 in preparation for the second experimental harvest (Phase 2). From 1985 to 1992, roughly half of the North Fork watershed was logged, mainly using clearcutting and cable yarding, and following the newly-enacted Forest Practice Rules. Gaging stations were added in 10 subwatersheds of the South Fork in 2000 in preparation for a third harvesting experiment (Phase 3). Logging for the third harvest occurred in 2017-2019 in the South Fork watershed.\n \nThis data publication contains all Phase 2 data: 1) water depth (stage) and volumetric discharge and turbidity data collected from the North Fork and South Fork weirs from August 1985 to July 2017 as well as for XYZ (1 November 1999 to 31 July 2017), XRA (August 2001 to July 2017), and nine other subwatershed gaging stations from 1 August 2000 to 31 July 2017 (OGI, POR, RIC, SEQ, TRE, UQL, WIL, YOC, ZIE) and stage data for two other sub-watersheds (Arfstein from August 1985 to July 2017 and Quetelet from 1 August 2000 to 31 July 2017); 2) annual pond deposition volumes for the weir collection ponds directly upstream of the North Fork and South Fork weirs from 1986 to 2017; 3) suspended sediment concentrations collected at the North Fork and South Fork weirs, Arfstein and Quetelet rated sections, and two North Fork flumes and ten South Fork flumes from 1985 to 2017; and 4) bedload transport rates measured during thirteen storms (stage > 2 feet at the North Fork weir) from 1988 to 1995 on the North Fork mainstem at the Arfstein gaging station. Also included are a geodatabase and shapefiles containing study locations, harvest units, stream lines, isotope profiles, and watershed boundaries for Phase 2; raster files containing a digital elevation model and hillshade for Caspar Creek; and point cloud data for Caspar Creek.The Caspar Creek Experimental Watersheds were established to determine the effects of timber harvesting on streamflow and sediment delivery in northern coastal California watersheds.Additional metadata documents containing details specific to each data set are also provided in this data package. \n\t  \nThe first edition of the Phase 1 data was published on 03\/17\/2020 (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0018). This newer edition (2nd edition) of the Caspar Creek data publication, made available on 01\/07\/2021, includes additional data, corrections, and geospatial files. Data corrections are described in the \u201cSupplemental Information\u201d section of the relevant individual metadata files. Phase 3 (2017- ) data are being prepared for a future data publication.\t\n\nMinor additions and corrections were made to the discharge and SSC metadata on 03\/22\/2021. Specific changes are described in the \u201cSupplemental Information\u201d section of those metadata documents. Minor additions regarding data availability were also made in this metadata document on 03\/22\/2021, 04\/15\/2021, and 04\/11\/2022. \n\t  \nThe Caspar Creek Phase 1 data (1962-1985) are also available (Richardson et al. 2021, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0017-2).\n\n*NOTE: the water isotope data are currently under embargo and not yet available.","keyword":["elevation","environment","geoscientificInformation","inlandWaters","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest & Plant Health","creek","stream","hydrology","geomorphology","timber harvesting","experimental watersheds","time series","logging","bedload","bed load","sediment transport","Caspar Creek Experimental Watersheds","California","Mendocino County","Coast Ranges","Jackson Demonstration State Forest"],"spatial":"-123.76448,39.32192,-123.69842,39.38160","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0018-2","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0018-2","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-04-11"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Measurements of low rates of erosion from forest fuel reduction operations in the Clearwater National Forest, Idaho","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0056","description":"The Yellowpine biomass reduction study was installed on the Clearwater National Forest approximately 5 miles northeast of Harvard, Idaho. The study site was part of the Yellowpine timber sale that was harvested in the spring of 2002 followed the next year by a prescribed burn in September of 2003. This study includes 3 units: 1, 4, and 5. Due to steep slopes, the forest management prescription for units 1 and 4 included hand felling and cable logging. A portion of unit 5 with more gentle slopes was harvested using a feller buncher and the logs were transported to the landing with a rubber tired skidder. \n\nThree methods were selected to measure low levels of hillside soil erosion associated with the aforementioned forest fuel management activities: silt fences, hillslope runoff plots with tipping buckets and sediment traps, and rill meter plots. Rill meter plots which are normally seen in agricultural research for measuring erosion on bare ground, were eventually abandoned due to difficulty presented by forest succession. Hillslope runoff data were collected from 2002-2005. Cover data were collected on the disturbed and control sites throughout the project from 2002-2005. Soil samples were gathered at each plot to discern soil texture (particle size analysis) from 2003-2006 and bulk density from 2002. Normally, soil loss samples were collected from the apron of the silt fence or if a hillslope runoff plot, the sample was collected from: 1) the suspended water in the sediment trap, 2) the soil collected in the sediment trap and 3) the gutter. This data publication also includes daily weather data collected 2002-2005 from a weather station installed west of the harvested unit 4 as well as a backup rain gauge located within the control site for unit 1. \n\nAlso included for download is a map package of the area (available for viewing in ArcGIS program) and the standalone files associated with the map (for use in ArcGIS or other GIS programs). The following data are included: National Elevation Datasets, topographic rasters, and several shapefiles outlining the locations of boundaries, plot, trails and equipment, such as the weather station and rain gauge.An initial study was designed to evaluate monitoring methods as well as measure erosion from areas treated with biomass removal and prescribed burn.","keyword":["environment","geoscientificInformation","inlandWaters","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","Fire","Prescribed fire","Natural Resource Management & Use","Timber","biomass reduction","forest engineering","soil erosion","fuel management","Idaho","Clearwater National Forest"],"spatial":"-116.62000,46.93000,-116.62000,46.93000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0056","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0056","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2020-09-23"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Sediment and runoff collected from skidder biomass reduction plots, Deception Creek Experimental Forest, Idaho","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0057","description":"This investigation looked at the Sands Creek timber sale within the northern Idaho Deception Creek Experimental Forest (DCEF). The Sands Creek timber sale is approximately 46 hectares (113 acres), and is located roughly 40 kilometers (25 miles) east\/northeast of Coeur d\u2019Alene, Idaho. Seven hillslope tipping bucket runoff plots were installed in Unit 1 of DCEF, near the southwestern corner of the timber sale. Four disturbed plots were installed on Unit 1\u2019s main skidder trail and the other three on a nearby undisturbed area (control plots). Hillslope runoff data were collected from 2003-2007. Cover data were collected on the disturbed site yearly; and on the control site, cover data were collected throughout the project except for 2004. Soil samples were gathered at each plot to discern soil texture (particle size analysis) and bulk density. Soil loss samples were collected 2004-2008 from 1) the suspended water in the sediment trap, 2) the soil collected in the sediment trap and 3) the gutter. Because the soil loss samples were collected after the events of equipment installation (2003), dates for this file are off by one year. The soil loss samples are designated as: 2004-2008 as they were collected during these years for soil loss that occurred during 2003-2007. Daily weather data from 2003-2007 collected from a weather station near the disturbed plots are also provided. \n\t  \nAdditionally, included for download is a map package of the area (available for viewing in ArcGIS program) or the standalone files associated with the map (for use in ArcGIS or other GIS programs). The following data are included: Digital Elevation Model mosaic, topographic rasters, and several shapefiles outlining the locations of unit boundaries, control and treated plots, trails, waterbars, harvesting landing and weather station.Fuel reduction is a forest management tool that has been in practice for the last couple of decades, in particularly since the development of the Wildfires and Healthy Forest Initiative Act (2003, White House). The goal behind reduction of forest\/rangeland fuels is to limit and\/or prohibit catastrophic wildfires, pest infestation and to help promote healthy forests and wildlife habitat. Fuel reduction management plays an important role for forest managers when trying to minimize impact of wildland fire on the wildland urban interface (WUI). One of the concerns with fuel reduction practices is mineral soil exposure in a steep, mountainous environment. Exposing soil may contribute to conditions which are suitable for promoting erosion. This study investigates and measures sediment yield and runoff from small hillslope plots on a main skidder trail to the sediment yield and runoff from small hillslope plots on an undisturbed (control) site.\n\t  \nThe silvicultural plan for this DCEF watershed is to encourage a more blister rust resistant western white pine within a minimum 200 year time frame. A 50 year old white pine stand presently occupies the 4 hectares (\u224810 ac) on Unit 1. This unit will be treated using irregular shelterwood techniques and allow approximately 75 to 150 of white pine and mixed trees to subsist per acre. The silviculturists will accomplish the objectives by randomly selecting tress which may or may not be rust resistant.","keyword":["environment","geoscientificInformation","inlandWaters","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","Fire","Prescribed fire","Natural Resource Management & Use","Timber","biomass reduction","forest engineering","soil erosion","fuel management","Deception Creek Experimental Forest","Idaho"],"spatial":"-116.50270,47.71907,-116.51583,47.72148","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0057","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0057","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2020-09-23"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Sediment and runoff collected from forwarder trails, biomass reduction project, Kaniksu National Forest, Idaho","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0058","description":"Fuels reduction is a forest management tool that has been in practice for the last couple of decades, especially since the development of the Wildfires and Healthy Forest Initiative Act (2003, White House). The goal behind reduction of fuels is to limit and\/or prohibit catastrophic wildfires, pest infestation and to help promote healthy forests and wildlife habitat. Fuel reduction management plays an important role for forest managers when trying to minimize impact of wildfire on the wildland urban interface (WUI). One of the concerns with fuels reduction practices is mineral soil exposure in a steep, mountainous environment. These types of conditions are suitable for promoting erosion. Several studies have investigated fuels reduction in the northwestern United States after management practices. Research has explored methods which include but are not limited to; thinning and harvesting biomass and even simulated wildfire. \n\nThe Lakeface-Lamb Fuel Reduction Project (LLFRP) site is located in the northern Idaho panhandle. This research site is located within the bounds of Unit 33, which was commercially thinned using a harvester forwarder cut-to-length logging system in May of 2004. Plots were installed shortly thereafter, and then in October of 2004 the unit was slashed and left to dry before piling with an excavator in October of 2005 and jackpot burned in the fall of 2006. Seven hillslope tipping bucket runoff plots were installed: four disturbed plots on the Unit 33 forwarder trails and the other three on an adjacent undisturbed area (control plots). Hillslope runoff data were collected from 2004-2008. Cover data were collected on the disturbed sites yearly (2004-2008), and on the control sites every year, except 2008. Soil samples were gathered at each plot to discern soil texture (particle size analysis) and bulk density. Soil loss samples were collected 2005-2009 from 1) the suspended water in the sediment trap, 2) the settled soil which accumulates in the sediment trap and 3) the gutter. Because the soil loss samples were collected after the events of equipment installation (2004), dates for this file are off by one year. The soil loss samples are designated as: 2005-2009 as they were collected during these years for soil loss that occurred during 2004-2008. This data publication also includes 2004-2008 weather data from the Remote Automatic Weather Station (RAWS)-Priest Lake Ranger District.\n\nAlso included for download is a map package of the area (available for viewing in ArcGIS program) or the standalone files associated with the map (for use in ArcGIS or other GIS programs). The following data are included: Digital Elevation Model, topographic raster, and several shapefiles outlining the locations of unit boundaries, control and treated plots and trails color coded for traffic use and one-way and two-way traffic.This study investigates and measures sediment yield and runoff from small hillslope plots on forwarder trails to the sediment yield and runoff from small hillslope plots on an undisturbed (control) site.","keyword":["environment","geoscientificInformation","inlandWaters","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","Fire","Prescribed fire","Natural Resource Management & Use","Timber","biomass reduction","Idaho","Kaniksu National Forest","Priest Lake Ranger District"],"spatial":"-116.93385,48.52793,-116.93202,48.52917","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0058","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0058","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2020-09-23"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Geospatial data for Great Basin perennial montane watersheds - geomorphology, hydrology, vegetation, disturbance and species","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0059","description":"Multiple partners working together developed a multiscale approach for assessing the geomorphic sensitivity of streams and ecological resilience of riparian ecosystems, including meadows, in upland watersheds of the Great Basin to disturbances and management actions. This data publication contains the geospatial data, representative of 2020, resulting from that work. The study area, the Great Basin of North America, includes portions of Nevada, Utah, California, Oregon, and Idaho. Nine shapefiles are included, which provide the seven regions (1) and the mountain ranges (2) identified in the study area, streams within each watershed (3) along with the stream heads (4), longest stream (5), lowest drainage points (6), and the stream head that has the farthest stream distance from the pour point (7), and the valley bottom which is considered the area surrounding the stream that is less than 15 meters above the stream's elevation (8) for each watershed. Also included are the watershed boundaries (9) and additional watershed information related to climate, topography, and wildlife. Also included is an ArcGIS map associated with these shapefiles.The approach builds on long-term work by the research and management partners on the geomorphic sensitivity and ecological resilience of these systems to stressors and disturbances. At the core of the assessments is information on past and present watershed and stream channel characteristics, geomorphic and hydrologic processes, and riparian and meadow vegetation characteristics.","keyword":["environment","geoscientificInformation","location","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Geology","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","climate","ecosystem resistance and resilience","geomorphology","watershed characteristics","watershed database","hydrology","meadows","mountain range delineation","riparian","species","watershed delineation","watersheds","Great Basin","California","Idaho","Nevada","Oregon","Utah","Central Great Basin","Eastern Great Basin","Humboldt","Lahontan","Lava Plains","Southeast Idaho","United States"],"spatial":"-120.576727,37.538899,-111.507231,43.533266","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0059","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0059","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2020-12-14"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Wildfire Risk to Communities: Spatial datasets of wildfire risk for populated areas in the United States","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0060","description":"The data included in this publication depict components of wildfire risk specifically for populated areas in the United States. These datasets represent where people live in the United States and the in situ risk from wildfire, i.e., the risk at the location where the adverse effects take place. Related datasets representing components of risk across the entire landscape are available in a separate data publication (Scott et al. 2020, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0016). Likewise, transmitted risk to housing units from the source locations where damaging fires originate will be also be delivered in a separate publication.\n\nVegetation and wildland fuels data from LANDFIRE 2014 (version 1.4.0) form the foundation for wildfire hazard and risk data included in the Wildfire Risk to Communities datasets. As such, the data presented here reflect wildfire hazard from landscape conditions as of the end of 2014. National wildfire hazard datasets of annual burn probability and fire intensity were generated from the LANDFIRE 2014 data by the USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station (Short et al. 2020) using the large fire simulation system (FSim). These national datasets produced with FSim have a relatively coarse cell size of 270 meters (m). To bring these datasets down to a finer resolution more useful for assessing hazard and risk to communities, we upsampled them to the native 30-m resolution of the LANDFIRE fuel and vegetation data. In this upsampling process, we also spread values of modeled burn probability and intensity into developed areas represented in LANDFIRE fuels data as non-burnable. Additional methodology documentation is provided with the data publication download.\n\nThe data products in this publication that represent where people live reflect 2018 estimates of housing unit and population counts from the U.S. Census Bureau, combined with building footprint data from Microsoft (version 1.1), LandScan 2018 where building footprint data were unavailable, USGS building coverage data, and land cover data from LANDFIRE.  \n \nThe specific raster datasets included in this publication include:\n\nHousing Unit Density (HUDen): HUDen is a nationwide raster of housing-unit density measured in housing units per square kilometer. The HUDen raster was generated using population and housing-unit count and data from the U.S. Census Bureau, building footprint data from Microsoft, and land cover data from LANDFIRE. In Alaska, LandScan 2018 data were used to identify approximate housing unit locations because Microsoft data were not available across the whole state.\n\nPopulation Density (PopDen): PopDen is a nationwide raster of residential population density measured in persons per square kilometer. The PopDen raster was generated using population count data from the U.S. Census Bureau, building footprint data from Microsoft, and land cover data from LANDFIRE. In Alaska, LandScan 2018 data were used to identify approximate population locations because Microsoft data were not available across the whole state.\n\nBuilding Coverage (BuildingCover): BuildingCover is a raster of building density measured as the percent cover of buildings within an approximately 5 acre area around each pixel. It includes all buildings and can be used to complement the HUDen raster, which just reflects residential buildings. Building coverage was generated using building footprint data from Microsoft (v1.1), building coverage data from USGS, and land cover data from LANDFIRE. Building Coverage is not available in Alaska because source data were not available across the whole state.\n\nBuilding Exposure Type (BuildingExposure): Exposure is the spatial coincidence of wildfire likelihood and intensity with communities. The BuildingExposure layer delineates whether buildings at each pixel are directly exposed to wildfire from adjacent wildland vegetation (pixel value of 1), indirectly exposed to wildfire from indirect sources such as embers and home-to-home ignition (pixel values between 0 and 1), or not exposed to wildfire due to distance from direct and indirect ignition sources (pixel value of 0). It is similar to Exposure Type in the companion data publication, RDS-2020-0016, but just where HUDen > 0 or BuildingCover > 0. Pixels where both HUDen and BuildingCover rasters are zero are NoData in the BuildingExposure raster.\n\nHousing Unit Exposure (HUExposure): HUExposure is the expected number of housing units within a pixel potentially exposed to wildfire in a year. This is a long-term annual average and not intended to represent the actual number of housing units exposed in any specific year. It is calculated as the product of wildfire likelihood and housing unit count. Pixels where the HUDen raster is zero are NoData in the HUExposure raster.\n\nHousing Unit Impact (HUImpact): HUImpact is an index that represents the relative potential impact of fire to housing units at any pixel, if a fire occurs there. It incorporates the general consequences of fire on a home as a function of fire intensity and uses flame length probabilities from wildfire modeling to capture likely intensity of fire. HUImpact does not include the likelihood of fire occurring, and it does not reflect mitigations done to individual structures that would influence susceptibility. It is conceptually similar to Conditional Risk to Potential Structures in the companion data publication, RDS-2020-0016, but also incorporates housing unit count and exposure type. Pixels where the HUDen raster is zero are NoData in the HUImpact raster.\n\nHousing Unit Risk (HURisk): HURisk is an index that integrates all four primary elements of wildfire risk - likelihood, intensity, susceptibility, and exposure - on pixels where housing unit density > 0. It is conceptually similar to Risk to Potential Structures (i.e., Risk to Homes) in the companion data publication, RDS-2020-0016, but also incorporates housing unit count. Pixels where the HUDen raster is zero are NoData in the HURisk raster.The geospatial data products described and distributed here are part of the Wildfire Risk to Communities project. This project was directed by Congress in the 2018 Consolidated Appropriations Act (i.e., 2018 Omnibus Act, H.R. 1625, Section 210: Wildfire Hazard Severity Mapping) to help U.S. communities understand components of their relative wildfire risk profile, the nature and effects of wildfire risk, and actions communities can take to mitigate risk. These data represent the first time wildfire risk to communities has been mapped nationally with consistent methodology. They provide foundational information for comparing the relative wildfire risk among populated communities in the United States.See the Wildfire Risk to Communities website at https:\/\/www.wildfirerisk.org for complete project information. The suite of seven raster layers included in this publication are downloadable as zip files by U.S. state. Population Density, Building Coverage, Housing Unit Density, Housing Unit Impact, and Housing Unit Risk are also downloadable as national datasets. National datasets of Housing Unit Exposure and Building Exposure Type are too large for download, but users can request them through the point of contact listed in this metadata document.","keyword":["environment","geoscientificInformation","society","structure","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Fire","Fire detection","Fire ecology","Fire effects on environment","Fire suppression, pre-suppression","Prescribed fire","Environment and People","Forest management","Landscape management","burn probability","hazard","fuels management","fire likelihood","fire planning","risk assessment","wildfire hazard potential","United States","conterminous United States","CONUS","Alaska","Hawaii"],"spatial":"165.00000,18.00000,-65.00000,72.00000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0060","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0060","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2020-12-21"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Water chemistry data for studies of the biodegradability of dissolved organic matter in peatland catchments at the Marcell Experimental Forest: 2009-2011","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0067-2","description":"This data publication includes water chemistry data for samples from the S2 and S6 research catchments at the Marcell Experimental Forest (MEF) in Balsam Township, Itasca County, Minnesota. Data include weekly or more frequent samples of stream water collected from 2009 to 2011. Measurements were taken in upland runoff waters (both overland flow and subsurvey stormflow), which were collected on an event-basis. Both synoptic samples of lagg waters were collected as well as weekly lagg samples from two sites. During 2011, some water samples were collected in the S2 bog. A few additional samples were taken in 2012, 2015, and 2016 to allow a comparison of two different TOC measurement methods and those data are also included. Concentrations of total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), and pH were measured on unfiltered water samples at the Forestry Sciences Laboratory of the Northern Research Station in Grand Rapids, Minnesota. Some of the water samples were analyzed at the Cotner aquatic ecology lab at the University of Minnesota (St. Paul) for dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration, bacterial respiration rate, and biodegradable DOC (BDOC) concentration. Natural-abundance water isotopes were also measured for a subset of the samples.These data were collected for a study of dissolved organic matter (DOM) biodegradability during and after spring snowmelt events.This data publication is a second edition that was made available on 10\/07\/2020. This newer edition includes the addition of water isotope data. At the same time it was recognized that some data that were never intended to be included in this data publication were included the first edition of these data. Those values (LAB IDs between 311000 to 311319) were removed from this package, but in totality, with additional solutes, will soon be released through another data publication.","keyword":["environment","inlandWaters","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","water chemistry","upland-peatland catchments","stream water","bog water","lagg water","overland flow (OF)","shallow subsurface stormflow (SSF)","upland forest soils","subsurface runoff","surface runoff","long-term monitoring sites","catchment studies","small watershed approach","Marcell Experimental Forest","Minnesota"],"spatial":"-93.49200,47.43300,-93.44900,47.50000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0067-2","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0067-2","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2020-10-07"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"2008-2014 Soil temperature, thermal conductivity, water content, CO2, and pressure at the Manitou Experimental Forest, Colorado during the Bio-hydro-atmosphere interactions of Energy, Aerosols, Carbon, H2O, Organics & Nitrogen (BEACHON) study","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0061","description":"This data publication contains continuous soil measurements from the Manitou Experimental Forest, Colorado taken from December 2008 through August 2014. Data files contain soil temperature and water content summarized every 5-minutes and 30-minutes; soil thermal conductivity and carbon dioxide (CO2) summarized every 30-minutes; and soil air pressure summarized every 1-second, 5-minutes, and 30-minutes. Raw data are also provided for the 5-minute soil temperature, water content, and pressure measurements plus 1-Hz temperature and heating curves used to calculate thermal conductivity.The two principal objectives to this study were to (1) obtain quantitative estimates of the influence that (i) atmospheric pressure pumping and (ii) thermal expansion and contraction of the air in the pore spaces of soil can have in the transport (and fluxes) of trace gases in soils and (2) obtain estimates of surface heat flux for energy balance studies in support of NCAR\u2019s BEACHON project.\n\nFrom 2008 to 2013, the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) led the Bio-hydro-atmosphere interactions of Energy, Aerosols, Carbon, H2O, Organics & Nitrogen (BEACHON) study at the Manitou Experimental Forest, Colorado. The purpose of this study was to investigate the physical relationships between biogenic emissions and aerosols, hydrology and cloud formations, and carbon assimilation within water limited ecosystems. As part of this study, the USDA Forest Service investigated the role of soils, and focused on soil temperature, thermal conductivity, water content, CO2, and pressure.","keyword":["geoscientificInformation","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Soil","BEACHON","pressure pumping","soil CO2","soil carbon dioxide","soil pressure","soil temperature","soil thermal conductivity","soil water content","Manitou Experimental Forest","Colorado","South Platte River","Colorado Springs"],"spatial":"-105.107433,39.102033,-105.106833,39.102567","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0061","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0061","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2020-10-13"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Marcell Experimental Forest daily precipitation, 1961 - ongoing","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0062","description":"This data publication contains daily precipitation data collected from 1961-ongoing at the Marcell Experimental Forest (MEF) in Itasca County, Minnesota, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station. Daily precipitation recorded at the MEF north (S2) and MEF south (S5) rain gauges, as well as the nearby NADP rain gauge are provided.The Marcell Experimental Forest was formally established in 1962. The MEF contains six watersheds (and other study sites), each consisting of an upland portion and a peatland that is the source of a stream leaving the watershed. The watersheds and environmental monitoring at the MEF are part of a long-term research program on the hydrology and biogeochemistry of watersheds with uplands and northern peatlands (Kolka et al. 2011).Additional information about the MEF, its instrumentation, and data can be found at https:\/\/www.nrs.fs.fed.us\/ef\/marcell\/ and in Sebestyen et al. (2011).","keyword":["inlandWaters","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Natural Resource Management & Use","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","bogs","fens","peatland","precipitation","wetland","Marcell Experimental Forest","Minnesota"],"spatial":"-93.50,47.50,-93.45,47.57","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0062","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0062","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2020-10-23"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Marcell Experimental Forest daily maximum and minimum air temperature, 1961 - ongoing","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0063","description":"This data publication contains daily maximum and minimum air temperature collected from 1961-ongoing at the Marcell Experimental Forest (MEF) in Itasca County, Minnesota, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station. The data come from three long-term meteorological monitoring stations.The Marcell Experimental Forest was formally established in 1962. The MEF contains six watersheds (and other study sites), each consisting of an upland portion and a peatland that is the source of a stream leaving the watershed. The watersheds and environmental monitoring at the MEF are part of a long-term research program on the hydrology and biogeochemistry of watersheds with uplands and northern peatlands (Kolka et al. 2011).Additional information about the MEF, its instrumentation, and data can be found at https:\/\/www.nrs.fs.fed.us\/ef\/marcell\/ and in Sebestyen et al. (2011).","keyword":["inlandWaters","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Natural Resource Management & Use","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","bogs","fens","meteorology","peatland","temperature","weather","wetland","Marcell Experimental Forest","Minnesota"],"spatial":"-93.50,47.50,-93.45,47.57","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0063","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0063","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2020-10-23"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Hill Demonstration Forest and Umstead Research Farm climate data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0064","description":"This data publication contains hourly climate data from a weather station that was located in an open area on the Hill Demonstration Forest (HF) from 2007 to 2020. The HF is located north of Durham, North Carolina and owned by North Carolina State University. Given the proximate location of HF to Umstead Research Farm (UF) (5 miles), the climate data from HF can be used to represent the climate conditions at UF (due to limited funds, there was no weather station installed at UF). UF is located north of Durham, North Carolina and is owned by North Carolina Department of Agriculture & Consumer Services. Measurements include air temperature, relative humidity, dew point, solar radiation, vapour pressure as well as wind speed, gust and direction. Measuring site climate conditions (air temperature, relative humidity, dew point, wind speed, gust speed, wind direction, solar radiation, and vapour pressure deficit) will help refine the interaction between the hydrological cycle and atmospheric conditions.This data publication is used by USDA Forest Service scientists, staff and cooperators in support of research in hydrology, watershed management, silviculture, and forest ecology in the North Carolina Piedmont Region.","keyword":["climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","best management practice","riparian buffer","sap flux density","transpiration","climate","North Carolina","Hill Demonstration Forest","Umstead Research Farm","Piedmont"],"spatial":"-78.8865889,36.1788583,-78.7870472,36.2193667","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0064","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0064","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2020-10-26"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Hill Demonstration Forest HF1 riparian buffer climate data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0065","description":"This data publication contains hourly climate data from a weather station that was located in the riparian buffer in a watershed (HF1) on the Hill Demonstration Forest (HF) from 2010 to 2016. The HF is located north of Durham, North Carolina and owned by North Carolina State University. Measurements include air temperature, shortwave, longwave, and net radiation, relative humidity, wind speed, and wind direction.\n\nUpland trees were harvested in HF1 watershed from 29 November 2010 to 19 January 2011 as part of a Timber Harvest\/Best Management Practices Project, leaving a 15.2-meter (m) riparian buffer on either side of the stream. HF1 is the treatment watershed, and HF2 is the reference watershed. Therefore, no logging activities occurred in HF2. Although HF1 and HF2 are paired and share a watershed boundary line, the clearcut edge in HF1 is 130 m from HF2 monitored riparian buffer trees and poses little chance to create changes in HF2 riparian buffer soil or canopy conditions that would influence their water use. The riparian buffer covers about 8% of the watershed area in both HF1 and HF2.Measuring buffer climate conditions (air temperature, short and long-wave radiation, net radiation, relative humidity, wind speed, and wind direction) will help expand our current knowledge of riparian buffer functions as it relates to streamflow rates and runoff controls. Use of riparian buffer best management practices (BMPs) to help with streamflow control rates is not generally practiced in forestry. However, as we improve our knowledge about forestry BMP functions and designs, this practice could gain practical application in the future.","keyword":["climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","best management practice","riparian buffer","sap flux density","transpiration","climate","North Carolina","Hill Demonstration Forest","Piedmont"],"spatial":"-78.8850833,36.2111139,-78.8617111,36.2221361","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0065","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0065","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2020-10-26"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Hill Demonstration Forest HF1 and HF2 riparian buffer and HF2 upland sap flow data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0066","description":"This data publication contains hourly sap flux data from three locations (defined as HF1 riparian buffer, HF2 riparian buffer, and HF2 upland) in a pair of watersheds on the Hill Demonstration Forest (HF). Sap flux density was monitored at the HF1 riparian buffer location in the following species from 2010-2016: loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua), red maple (Acer rubrum), white oak (Quercus alba), and tulip poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera). At the HF2 riparian buffer location sap flux density was monitored from 2010-2016 in the following species: loblolly pine, sweetgum, red maple, tulip poplar, American beech (Fagus grandifolia), white oak, and Virginia pine (Pinus Virginia). Thirdly, sap flux density was monitored at the HF2 upland location from 2015-2016 for the following species: loblolly pine, sweetgum, red maple, tulip poplar, chestnut oak (Quercus montana), and Virginia pine.\n\nThe HF is located north of Durham, North Carolina and is owned by North Carolina State University. Upland trees were harvested in HF1 watershed from 29 November 2010 to 19 January 2011 as part of a Timber Harvest\/Best Management Practices Project, leaving a 15.2-meter (m) riparian buffer on either side of the stream. HF1 is the treatment watershed, and HF2 is the reference watershed. Therefore, no logging activities occurred in HF2. Although HF1 and HF2 are paired and share a watershed boundary line, the clearcut edge in HF1 is 130 m from HF2 monitored riparian buffer trees and poses little chance to create changes in HF2 riparian buffer soil or canopy conditions that would influence their water use. The riparian buffer covers about 8% of the watershed area in both HF1 and HF2.Quantifying species sap flux density (i.e., tree water use) is essential to improve stand-scaled transpiration estimates, and to refine the forests role in the hydrological cycle. In addition, linking soil moisture, tree water use, and climate conditions at the watershed level is rarely done, but is critical to refining water loss estimates from forest, managing the effects of drought, and understanding hydrological processes in unmanaged and managed watersheds across various regions. New plantations are being planned across the southern United States to meet the rising demand for wood production. This type of data could help public and private landowners decide which trees might be better to maximize the benefits and costs related to water in tree planting across the Piedmont.\n\t  \nThis data publication is used by USDA Forest Service scientists, staff and cooperators in support of research in hydrology, watershed management, silviculture, and forest ecology in the North Carolina Piedmont Region.","keyword":["inlandWaters","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","best management practice","riparian buffer","sap flux density","transpiration","North Carolina","Hill Demonstration Forest","Piedmont"],"spatial":"-78.8850833,36.2111139,-78.8617111,36.2221361","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0066","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0066","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2020-10-26"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Hill Demonstration Forest HF1 and HF2 riparian buffer and HF2 upland soil moisture data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0067","description":"This data publication contains hourly soil moisture data from three locations (defined as HF1 riparian buffer, HF2 riparian buffer, and HF2 upland) in a pair of watersheds on Hill Demonstration Forest (HF). Hourly soil moisture readings were monitored from 2010-2016 at the HF1 and HF2 riparian buffer locations at depths of 10 centimeters (cm) and 30 cm. At the HF2 upland location hourly soil mositure readings were monitored from 2015-2016 at depths of 10 cm and 60 cm.\n\nThe HF is located north of Durham, North Carolina and is owned by North Carolina State University. Upland trees were harvested in HF1 watershed from 29 November 2010 to 19 January 2011 as part of a Timber Harvest\/Best Management Practices Project, leaving a 15.2-meter (m) riparian buffer on either side of the stream. HF1 is the treatment watershed, and HF2 is the reference watershed. Therefore, no logging activities occurred in HF2. Although HF1 and HF2 are paired and share a watershed boundary line, the clearcut edge in HF1 is 130 m from HF2 monitored riparian buffer trees and poses little chance to create changes in HF2 riparian buffer soil or canopy conditions that would influence their water use. The riparian buffer covers about 8% of the watershed area in both HF1 and HF2.Large spatial variability in water loss from forest based on measurements and models can be due to differences in soil moisture conditions across the landscape. Decreases in tree water use can be species dependent and can also vary across soil moisture. Thus, quantifying soil moisture is essential to improve water loss estimates from forests and refine the forests role in the hydrological cycle.\n\t  \nThis data publication is used by USDA Forest Service scientists, staff and cooperators in support of research in hydrology, watershed management, silviculture, and forest ecology in the North Carolina Piedmont Region.","keyword":["inlandWaters","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","best management practice","riparian buffer","sap flux density","soil moisture","transpiration","North Carolina","Hill Demonstration Forest","Piedmont"],"spatial":"-78.8850833,36.2111139,-78.8617111,36.2221361","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0067","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0067","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2020-10-26"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Hill Demonstration Forest and Umstead Research Farm precipitation data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0068","description":"This data publication contains hourly precipitation readings collected from a tipping bucket on the Hill Demonstration Forest (HF) and Umstead Research Farm (UF) from 2007 to 2020. Both sites are located north of Durham, North Carolina. The HF is owned by North Carolina State University and UF is owned by North Carolina Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services.The precipitation data measured at these sites can help quantify the water budget or water balance in Piedmont watersheds and refine our understanding of the interactions between the hydrological cycle and atmospheric conditions.\n\t  \nThis data publication is used by USDA Forest Service scientists, staff and cooperators in support of research in hydrology, watershed management, silviculture, and forest ecology in the North Carolina Piedmont Region.","keyword":["climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","best management practice","riparian buffer","precipitation","sap flux density","transpiration","North Carolina","Hill Demonstration Forest","Umstead Research Farm","Piedmont"],"spatial":"-78.8850833,36.1782528,-78.7784194,36.2221361","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0068","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0068","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2020-10-26"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Hill Demonstration Forest and Umstead Research Farm streamflow data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0069","description":"This data publication contains hourly streamflow readings from three pairs of watersheds on the Hill Demonstration Forest (HF) and Umstead Research Farm (UF) from 2007 to 2013. Both sites are located north of Durham, North Carolina. The Hill Forest is owned by North Carolina State University and Umstead Research Farm is owned by North Carolina Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services.The streamflow data will help refine our understanding of the interactions between the hydrological cycle, and forest land management or disturbances.\n\t  \nThis data publication is used by USDA Forest Service scientists, staff and cooperators in support of research in hydrology, watershed management, silviculture, and forest ecology in the North Carolina Piedmont Region.","keyword":["inlandWaters","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","best management practice","riparian buffer","sap flux density","streamflow","transpiration","North Carolina","Hill Demonstration Forest","Umstead Research Farm","Piedmont"],"spatial":"-78.8850833,36.1782528,-78.7784194,36.2221361","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0069","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0069","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2020-10-27"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Santee Experimental Forest, Headquarters: climate data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0070","description":"This data publication contains data collected at the Santee Headquarters in the Santee Experimental Forest in Cordesville, South Carolina. Data include historical temperature and precipitation data starting in January 1946. Starting in 1996, average air temperature, wind speed and direction, solar radiation, net radiation, total precipitation, and maximum and minimum relative humidity were measured and recorded (hourly recording interval starting in 1996, 30-minute interval starting in 2003, and 15-minute interval starting in 2017). From April 2008 to April 2012, 15-minute average ozone (parts per billion by volume, or ppbv), 15-minute maximum ozone (ppbv), 15-minute minimum ozone (ppbv), and the standard deviation of the 15-minute average ozone measurement (ppbv) were collected, and starting in September 2010, data from a Pluvio National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP)-type rain gauge were collected.The purpose of these data is to provide researchers with estimates of a suite of climatic variables at the Santee Headquarters weather station.These data were originally published on 12\/03\/2020 and included data through 2019. On 09\/21\/2021 we added data for 2020. Data collected in 2021 were added on 06\/28\/2022. On 08\/16\/2023 data for 2022 were added. Data for 2023 were added on 12\/12\/2024.\n\t  \n* This metadata applies to the raw data available through the full data publication download. Summary data available through the online query are calculated based on user selections and should be carefully interpreted. \n\nFor more information about the Santee Experimental Forest and to find additional data (e.g., spatial data) go to: https:\/\/www.srs.fs.usda.gov\/charleston\/santee\/","keyword":["climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Climate change","forested watersheds","coastal plain","ozone","precipitation","NADP","pluvio rain gauge","air temperature","solar radiation","photosynthetically active radiation","PAR","net radiation","wind speed","wind direction","vapor pressure","relative humidity","atmospheric deposition","Santee Experimental Forest","Santee Headquarters","South Carolina","Cordesville"],"spatial":"-79.78675,33.11200,-79.76231,33.14802","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0070","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0070","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-12-12"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Gila National Forest Plan Revision: 2016 Q-methodology data on public and manager perspectives of ecosystem services and drivers of change","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0071","description":"In June of 2016, data were collected from both the interested public (122 people over the course of five public meetings) and public land managers (50 managers from the forest and district level) on the Gila National Forest, southwestern New Mexico. The data includes a \u2018Q-sort\u2019 of ecosystem services, whereby 30 benefits (e.g., timber production, water quality, motorized recreation) provided by the Gila National Forest were sorted on a scale of less important to more important. Following this sorting exercise, participants completed a \u2018drivers of change\u2019 exercise, where they selected up to three things they felt would influence the ecosystem services most important to them. Also included are demographic characteristics provided by participants (e.g., self-description, age, length of connection with Gila National Forest, county of residence).The data collected during this public engagement process was done in support of the Gila National Forest\u2019s Plan Revision of their outdated National Forest Plan. The public input was analyzed and provided to the managers in a full report, and it constituted a scientifically rigorous public engagement activity. The intent of this work, framed within the literature as a \u2018social vulnerability assessment\u2019, provided managers with an understanding of human-nature relationships and the threats to those relationships. Additionally, this research was completed, in part, to inform a \u2018social vulnerability\u2019 protocol for the purpose of providing other National Forest planning teams (e.g., Forest Plan Revision, Comprehensive River Management Planning, finer scale restoration projects) with a tool to engage the public with a social science approach. The land manager input was collected for advancing the literature surrounding transactive planning and collaborative governance.","keyword":["boundaries","location","planningCadastre","Environment and People","Recreation","Quality of life","Social values, ethics","nature-based recreation","social vulnerability assessment","ecosystem services","plan revision","National Forest Planning","New Mexico","Gila National Forest"],"spatial":"-109.30000,31.86000,-107.11400,33.82000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0071","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0071","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2020-11-02"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:32"],"programCode":["005:051"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Data for \"Training the domestic ferret to discriminate odors associated with wildlife disease\"","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/NWRC-RDS-2020-002","description":"Recent avian influenza virus (AIV) infection outbreaks have resulted in global biosecurity and economic concerns. Mallards are asymptomatic for the disease and can potentially spread AI along migratory bird flyways. In a previous study, trained mice correctly discriminated the health status of individual ducks on the basis of fecal odors when feces from post-infection periods were paired with feces from pre-infection periods. Chemical analyses indicated that avian influenza infection was associated with a marked increase of acetoin (3-hydroxy-2-butanone) in feces. In this 2015 study, domesticated male ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) were trained to display a specific conditioned response (i.e. active scratch alert) in response to a marked increase of acetoin in a presentation of an acetoin:1-octen-3-ol solution. Ferrets rapidly generalized this learned response to the odor of irradiated feces from avian influenza infected mallards. The data included in this publication covers the training with acetoin\/octenol ratios, testing with acetoin\/octenol ratios, and generalization testing with irradiated fecal samples from ducks pre- and post-infection.We hypothesized that the success of the mice in detecting AIV in mallard fecal samples could be repeated in a species that had a more malleable behavioral repertoire (i.e., a proposed canine AI biosensor program).These data were published 04\/01\/2021. Minor metadata updates were made on 05\/18\/2023.\n\t  \nFor more information about these data, see Golden et al. (2021, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0259415).","keyword":["health","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Mammals","associative learning","olfaction","odor discrimination","operant behavior","Pennsylvania","Philadelphia"],"spatial":"-75.193267,39.955605,-75.192876,39.955897","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/NWRC-RDS-2020-002","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/NWRC-RDS-2020-002","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-05-18"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Digitized white-tailed deer densities from 1950 to 2005 for the southeastern United States","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0072","description":"This data publication contains vector digital files of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) densities during 1950, 1970, 1982, and 2001-2005 in the southeastern United States.Provide digitized maps of white-tailed deer densities over time in the southeastern United States.","keyword":["biota","boundaries","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Animal ecology","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Mammals","white-tailed deer","Odocoileus virginianus","southeastern United States"],"spatial":"-94.783018,24.631644,-74.260787,41.572722","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0072","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0072","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2020-11-12"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Modeled 100-year flood zones for Front Range National Forests","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0073","description":"This data publication contains a vector digital file of modeled 100-year flood zones for Front Range National Forests in Colorado and a tabular digital file containing flows rates (cubic feet per second) for different return intervals. Flow rates are based on 1994-2018 stream flows, but flows are not stationary and will change with changing precipitation patterns. This one method may not identify 100-year floodplains and discharge rates correctly and is best applied in conjunction with other lines of evidence. Additionally, models will improve with time.Provides an 100-year inundation map for Front Range National Forests.","keyword":["boundaries","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","HAND model","flooding","flood risk","inundation","Colorado","United States"],"spatial":"-106.59434,37.20949,-104.78841,41.00027","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0073","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0073","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2020-11-12"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Data (soil and foliar) for the study on the potential effects of the interaction between regional air pollution and land-use history (grazing) along an elevational gradient on Himalayan cedar (Cedrus deodara) and Himalayan spruce (Picea smithiana) at Kufri, HP, India","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0075","description":"These are foliar data from Himalayan cedar and Himalayan spruce together with relative soil core and soil pit data, collected from four locations along an elevational gradient within the Shimla Water Catchment Wildlife Sanctuary at Kufri, Himachal Pradesh, India. The foliar metabolites and soil characteristics are part of a study on the impacts of local and regional drivers of forest health in a forested catchment in the lower Himalayan Mountains of India. In late October of 2009, foliage from 10 randomly selected Himalayan cedar (from southerly aspect) was collected from 4 plots ranging in elevation from Ridge (2649 meters [m]), High (2539 m), Mid (2425 m), to Low (2371 m), and from 10 random Himalayan spruce (from northerly aspect) from Ridge (2649 m) and Low (2371 m) elevations; together these plots represent an elevational gradient. Five soil cores (top 10 centimeters) and one soil pit (soil profile with A & B horizons) were also collected near the cedar foliage sampling sites. Foliar data includes free polyamines, free amino acids, soluble ions, chlorophyll, and soluble protein analyzed by HPLC, ICP-OES and spectrophotometer. Soil data includes soil pH, % organic matter, total N and C, exchangeable ions, acidity and effective cation exchange capacity by pH meter, flash combustion quantified by TCD and ICP-OES.The goal of this study was to evaluate how regional air pollution interacts with local land management to impact soil nutrient availability and forest health within a forested catchment in the lower Himalayan Mountains of India.Original publication date was 12\/17\/2020. Minor metadata updates were made on 03\/09\/2021. On 03\/30\/2021 metadata was updated to include reference to Minocha et al. (2021) which is directly related to these data.","keyword":["biota","elevation","environment","Climate change","Climate change effects","Ecological adaptation","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Ecology","Landscape ecology","Plant ecology","Soil","Forest & Plant Health","Air, soil, water pollution (environmental injury)","Forest & Plant Health","Botany","Climate effects","polyamines","amino acids","exchangeable ions","chlorophyll","soluble protein","foliar physiology","metabolism","nutrients","soil chemistry","Himalayan cedar","Himalayan spruce","elevational gradient","India","Himachal Pradesh","Kufri","Shimla","Shimla Water Catchment Wildlife Sanctuary","Lesser Himalayan mountain range"],"spatial":"77.20000,31.08333,77.25000,31.11667","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0075","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0075","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-03-30"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Data on the effects of silvicultural thinning and prescribed fire on soil chemistry and foliar physiology of three coniferous species at the Teakettle Experimental Forest, California, USA","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0074","description":"These data contain biochemical parameters as measured in foliage from three tree species and related soil chemistry as part of a full factorial experimental design crossing over- and understory silvicultural thinning and prescribed burning at the Teakettle Experimental Forest in the Sierra National Forest, California. Thinning treatments were applied in the fall of 2000 to the plots that were to be thinned and burned, and in the early spring of 2001 to the plots that were thinned only. The prescribed fire treatment was applied in the fall of 2001, after downed fuels had a year to dry. Treatments include: 1) Unburned + Not thinned; 2) Unburned + CASPO (Understory thinning); 3) Unburned + Shelterwood (Overstory thinning); 4) Burned + Not thinned; 5) Burned + CASPO (Understory thinning); and 6) Burned + Shelterwood (Overstory thinning). In early July of 2008 and July 2009, foliage was collected from 5 random Jeffrey pine, sugar pine and white fir trees in each of 3 replicate plots of these 6 treatments (in total, 270 foliar samples from 18 plots); soils were also collected in 2008 (9 cores [split into top\/subsoil]) from the same 3 replicate plots and 6 treatments (in total 162 top- and subsoil samples from 18 plots). Foliar data includes free polyamines, free amino acids, soluble ions, total nitrogen (N), total carbon (C), chlorophyll, and soluble protein analyzed by HPLC, ICP-OES, CHNS Combustion Elemental Analyzer, and spectrophotometer. Soil data includes total N and C, extractable ammonium (NH4) and nitrate (NO3), Inorganic Ortho-Phosphate, and exchangeable ions by ICP-OES, ICP-AES, flash combustion quantified by thermal conductivity detection (TCD), and Flow Injection Analyzer (FIA).The goal of this study was to evaluate the use of metabolic changes in foliage, relative to soil chemistry, as indicators for predicting the effects of thinning and burning treatments on species-specific growth and long-term productivity of Pinus jeffreyi, Pinus lambertiana, and Abies concolor. The overall goal of the experiment was to examine the implications of creating a shift in species composition to favor fire-resistant pines over fir.","keyword":["biota","environment","Climate change","Ecological adaptation","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Soil","Ecology","Plant ecology","Fire","Fire ecology","Fire effects on environment","Prescribed fire","Forest & Plant Health","Air, soil, water pollution (environmental injury)","Botany","Climate effects","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","amino acids","chlorophyll","foliar chemistry","foliar physiology","metabolism","nutrients","polyamines","prescribed fire","silvicultural thinning","soluble protein","soil chemistry","Jeffrey pine","sugar pine","white fir","Teakettle Experimental Forest","California","Fresno","Sierra National Forest","Sierra Nevada Mountains","Sierra Nevada physiographic region"],"spatial":"-119.030316,36.955386,-119.011589,36.580000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0074","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0074","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2020-11-19"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Wildfire Hazard Potential for the United States (270-m), version 2020","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0047-3","description":"This dataset is the 2020 version of wildfire hazard potential (WHP) for the United States. The files included in this data publication represent an update to any previous versions of WHP or wildland fire potential (WFP) published by the USDA Forest Service. WHP is an index that quantifies the relative potential for wildfire that may be difficult to control, used as a measure to help prioritize where fuel treatments may be needed. \n\nThis 2020 version of WHP was created as part of the Wildfire Risk to Communities project (https:\/\/wildfirerisk.org) and this dataset is a 270-meter (m) resolution companion to the WHP published in Scott et al. (2020). Vegetation and wildland fuels data from LANDFIRE 2014 (version 1.4.0) form the foundation for this version of the WHP. As such, the data presented here reflect landscape conditions as of the end of 2014. National wildfire hazard datasets of annual burn probability and fire intensity were generated from the LANDFIRE 2014 data by the USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station (Short et al. 2020) using the large fire simulation system (FSim). We also used LANDFIRE 2014 vegetation and fuels data directly in the WHP mapping process, as well as point locations of fire occurrence ca. 1992 - 2015 (Short 2017). With these datasets as inputs, we produced an index of WHP for all of the conterminous United States at 270-m resolution. We present the final WHP map in two forms: 1) continuous integer values, and 2) five WHP classes of very low, low, moderate, high, and very high. On its own, WHP is not an explicit map of wildfire threat or risk, but when paired with spatial data depicting highly valued resources and assets such as structures or powerlines, it can approximate relative wildfire risk to those specific resources and assets. WHP is also not a forecast or wildfire outlook for any particular season, as it does not include any information on current or forecasted weather or fuel moisture conditions. It is instead intended for long-term strategic fuels management.Federal wildfire managers often want to know, over large landscapes, where wildfires are likely to occur and how intense they may be. To meet this need we developed a map that we call wildfire hazard potential (WHP) - a raster geospatial product that can help to inform evaluations of wildfire risk or prioritization of fuels management needs across very large spatial scales (millions of acres). Our specific objective with the WHP map was to depict the relative potential for wildfire that would be difficult for suppression resources to contain.This data publication is a third edition, which was published on 11\/20\/2020. Previous versions of this publication prior to 2014 were known as Wildland Fire Potential (WFP). These new data represent an update to all previous versions of WHP or WFP published by the USDA Forest Service. Previous versions have only covered the conterminous United States. This most recent version includes data for Hawaii and Alaska for the first time, as well as the conterminous United States, and data are provided as both continuous and classified in a single publication. On 08\/11\/2022 an additional document was added to this package that describes the differences between the 2018 (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0047-2) and this 2020 version of the Wildfire Hazard Potential products.\n\t  \nTo check for the latest version of the WHP geospatial data and map graphics, as well as documentation on the mapping process, see: https:\/\/www.firelab.org\/project\/wildfire-hazard-potential. \n\nDetails about the Wildfire Hazard Potential mapping process can be found in Dillon et al. (2015). Steps described in this paper about weighting for crown fire potential were dropped in the 2018 and 2020 versions due to changes to the FSim modeling products used as the primary inputs to WHP mapping.","keyword":["environment","geoscientificInformation","society","structure","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Fire","Fire detection","Fire ecology","Fire effects on environment","Fire suppression, pre-suppression","Prescribed fire","Environment and People","Forest management","Landscape management","burn probability","hazard","fuels management","fire suppression","fire likelihood","fire planning","risk assessment","wildfire hazard potential","United States","conterminous United States","CONUS","Alaska","Hawaii"],"landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0047-3","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0047-3","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-08-11"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP) U.S. data at state, county and individual practice level for soil and environmental health, 2009-2018","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0076","description":"There is increasing enthusiasm around the concept of soil health, and as a result, new public and private initiatives are being developed to increase soil health-related practices on working lands in the United States. In addition, billions of U.S. public dollars are dedicated annually toward soil conservation programs, and yet, it is not well quantified how investment in conservation programs improve soil health and, more broadly, environmental health. The Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP) is one of the major U.S. public conservation programs administered on privately managed lands for which public data are available. In this research, we developed a multi-dimensional classification system to evaluate over 300 EQIP practices to identify to what extent practices have the potential to improve different aspects of soil and environmental health. Using available descriptions and expert opinion, these practices were evaluated with a classification system based on the practice\u2019s potential to exhibit the following environmental health outcomes: i) principles of soil health to reduce soil disturbance and increase agrobiodiversity; ii) a transition to ecologically-based management to conserve soil, water, energy and biological resources; and iii) adaptive strategy to confer agroecosystem resilience. Further, we analyzed nearly $7 billion U.S. dollars of financial assistance dedicated to these practices from 2009 through 2018 to explore the potential of these investments to generate environmental health outcomes. This data publication includes a complete record of contracts and funding initiated through the EQIP program for a ten year period (2009-2018), on a state, county and individual practice level.The U.S Department of Agriculture's Natural Resources Conservation Service (USDA NRCS) maintains a database of contract information for the EQIP program. The research team acquired it through a public records request from the Strategic Information Team in the Resource Economics and Analysis Division of the Natural Resources Conservation Service. The dataset includes the classification systems utilized in the analysis of Basche et al. (2020) to quantify the investments in the EQIP program that is dedicated to soil and environmental health.These data were originally published on 12\/08\/2020. Minor metadata updates were made on 07\/22\/2022.","keyword":["soil health","agroecology","adaptive capacity","environmental health","resilience","Environmental Quality Incentives Program","EQIP","farming","inlandWaters","environment","geoscientificInformation","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Natural Resource Management & Use","United States"],"spatial":"-169.11732,16.30797,-64.88935,71.51828","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0076","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0076","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-07-22"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Data and modeling and graphics source code for \"The challenges of an in situ validation of a nonequilibrium model of heat and moisture dynamics during fires\"","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0077","description":"This archive consists of both the model code (MATLAB) describing soil heating and moisture during soil surface fires and the data and graphics subroutines used to test and evaluate the model's performance. All soil temperature data used in this study are included in this archive as MATLAB .mat files. Soil temperature data during the slash pile burns at Manitou Experimental Forest were measured at the soil surface, and at depths 0.02, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, and 0.50 meters (m) and recorded every 2 minutes. Soil heat flux was measured at 0.02, 0.10, and 0.20 m and recorded every 2 minutes. Soil moisture was measured at 0.05 and 0.15 m and recorded every 30 minutes. \n\t  \nAll soil temperature data (not the model code) and other soil data during other fires are also available at Robichaud et al. (2018). The soil data during the 2001-2006 experimental burns carried out at Manitou Experimental Forest are also available at Frank and Massman (2007). These soil data were fundamental to the major conclusion of the modeling study: \"Despite any possible ambiguities in the calibration of the sensors or the simplicity of the parameterization of the surface heating function, the difficulties and complexities of formulating the upper boundary condition, and the obvious complexities of the dynamic response of the soil's temperature and heat flux, the model produced at least a very credible, if not surprisingly good, simulation of the observed data.\" The ultimate goal of this study was to provide a tool to better understand the impact of fire on soils, this study outlines the improvements to and the in situ validation of a nonequilibrium model for simulating the coupled interactions and transport of heat, moisture and water vapor during fires.All data were collected to improve (a) knowledge of the impact of fire on soils and (b) capabilities to measure (in situ) soil temperature, soil moisture and soil heat flux during fires.These data and model code are directly associated with Massman (2021; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/hess-25-685-2021).","keyword":["environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Soil","Fire","Fire effects on environment","soil temperature","soil moisture","soil heat flux","Manitou Experimental Forest","Colorado","Idaho","Montana","California"],"spatial":"-124.00000,32.50000,-102.00000,48.00000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0077","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0077","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-02-19"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Invasive plant probability prediction outputs and code for paper \"Modelling species distributions and environmental suitability highlights risk of plant invasions in western United States\"","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0078","description":"This data publication contains predictive maps of probability of presence of 15 invasive species across the arid and semi-arid western United States, and custom R functions used to generate them from downloaded publicly available survey data. Input data were collected 1940-2020, with 50% of the data collected since 2002. We modeled species distribution using presence\/absence data from > 148,000 vegetation survey plots to predict the probability of presence of each species based on associated climate, soil, topography, and disturbance records. Methods for deriving these predictions and caveats for their use are described in McMahon et al. (2021), with summary information included in this data package. This package includes two rasters of predicted probability of occurrence per species, one representing the area within a buffer distance to known presence of the species where the model was trained and evaluated, and one covering the arid and semi-arid Environmental Protection Agency Level III ecoregions where the species was observed (lower confidence outside model training area).The purpose of this work was to define the environmental niches and predict potential invasion risk by 15 plant species of concern in the arid and semi-arid western United States. The model predictions of invasive species presence are supplied in raster format and with associated code to facilitate their use in land management and further research, as a supplement to the published journal article.For complete information about these data please read the associated article, \"Modelling species distributions and environmental suitability highlights risk of plant invasions in western United States\" (McMahon et al. 2021) before using these model outputs.\n\t  \nImportant Note: These model outputs are intended as a resource for prioritizing monitoring and management at moderate to broad spatial scales (e.g. subwatershed) in conjunction with local knowledge and field verification. Predictions of species presence outside the model training areas represent hypotheses for where the species may occur next.\n\nMetadata were originally published on 02\/01\/2021. Minor metadata updates were made on 03\/15\/2021.","keyword":["biota","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Plant ecology","Forest & Plant Health","Botany","Rangeland plants","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","species distribution modelling","climate suitability","invasive plants","grasses","forbs","arid","semiarid","area under the precision-recall curve","AUPRC","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","Bromus japonicus","Bromus rubens","Bromus tectorum","Schismus barbatus","Taeniatherum caput-medusae","Poa bulbosa","Ceratocephala testiculata","Draba verna","Erodium cicutarium","Halogeton glomeratus","Lactuca serriola","Lepidium perfoliatum","Salsola tragus","Sisymbrium altissimum","Tragopogon dubius","western United States","Nevada","Utah","Colorado","Wyoming","Oregon","Washington","Idaho","Montana","California","Arizona","New Mexico","North Dakota","South Dakota"],"spatial":"-124.4,30.9,-97.8,49.0","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0078","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0078","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-03-15"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Data from \"Wildfire severity and postfire salvage harvest effects on long-term forest regeneration\"","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0079","description":"This data publication contains data from a study that evaluated long-term (15-30 year) post-fire regeneration patterns across eastern Washington. These data include both: 1) field-based measurements on seedling and sapling (< 4-meter[m]) height regeneration, overstory tree (> 4-m height), and understory vegetation, and 2) remotely sensed fire severity (Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity; Eidenshink et al. 2007), 30-year climate normals and post-fire weather (climateWNA; Wang et al. 2016), and topography data (National Elevation Dataset, http:\/\/ned.usgs.gov\/). The study area was located within the Okanogan-Wenatchee and Colville National Forests. A total of 248 sample sites were visited in summer 2017 and represented a gradient of dry, moist, and cold-dry mixed-conifer forest types. Sites were selected within salvage logged and untreated areas and were selected exclusively in moderate and high severity fire patches. Field sampling occurred within a fixed 16-m radius circular plot within which four subplots (which varied in size depending on initial assessment of regeneration densities) were established at cardinal directions, where tree regeneration was tallied by species and height class.These data were collected for ecological research purposes.For more information about this study, the data, and collection methods see Povak et al. (2020).","keyword":["environment","Fire","Fire effects on environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Landscape ecology","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","climatic tolerance","Douglas-fir","dry forest","high severity","lodgepole pine","ponderosa pine","regeneration","resilience","salvage harvest","seed dispersal","western larch","wildfire","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","Washington","Eastern Cascades section (M242C)","Highlands section (M333A)","Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest","Colville National Forest"],"spatial":"-121.20000,47.45000,-117.00000,49.00000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0079","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0079","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-12-07"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Rebuilding and new development for selected California wildfires, 1970-1999","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0083","description":"This data publication contains detailed data on building survival and loss, as well as rebuilding and new construction, for 11 large wildfires that burned between 1970 and 1999 in California. We digitized the location of every building within the wildfire perimeter and up to 500 meters outside at multiple time steps. The 11 wildfires were located in both Northern and Southern California, spanning multiple ecological and socioeconomic zones. Detailed descriptions of each of these wildfires is included in this publication. Geospatial data include wildfire perimeters as polygons and building locations as points. We also provide a comma-delimited ASCII text file containing coordinates and attributes for each building.To provide a spatially explicit record of building presence, loss, recovery, and new development before and after wildfires in California (events from 1970-1999).These data were published on 12\/21\/2020. Minor metadata updates were made on 04\/18\/2024.","keyword":["environment","society","structure","Fire","Environment and People","Wildland\/urban interface","fire history","fire perimeters","wildfire","building loss","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","California"],"spatial":"-123.263946,32.405219,-116.835585,41.313756","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0083","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0083","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-04-18"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04"],"programCode":["010:164"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Pre- and post-fire forest structure and composition photo-interpreted data for four sub-watersheds in Eastern Washington, USA","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0084","description":"Wildfires are affecting millions of acres in western U.S. forests. Landscape scale restoration and climate adaptation thus require integrating the \u201cwork\u201d of wildfires with mechanical, prescribed fire, and other treatments. Yet, how wildfires shape landscape-level patterns of composition and structure relative to historical and future (climate change adapted) ranges of variation (HRV-FRV) is not well understood. We quantified how four recent fires in eastern Washington, USA, moved landscapes towards and away from landscape-level HRV-FRV envelopes using a landscape evaluation framework and interpretation of pre- and post-fire aerial photography. Four sub-watersheds (Hydrologic Unit Code 12) that burned in 2014, 2015, or 2017 were selected for pre- and post-fire departure assessments: Benson Creek, Scatter Creek, South Fork Boulder Creek, and West Fork Teanaway Creek. This data publication includes data representative of 2012-2017 conditions for each of these four sub-watersheds: photo-interpreted pre- and post-fire vegetation attributes such as overstory and understory canopy cover, tree size class, species composition, number of canopy layers, snag abundance, potential vegetation type, and spatial pattern classes. Additional metrics derived from these photo-interpretations are also included, such as forest structure class, physiognomic type, cover type, insect and diseases vulnerability ratings, and habitat classes for focal species.The purpose of this study was ecological research.For more information about this study and these data, see Churchill et al. (2022).","keyword":["environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Landscape ecology","Fire","Fire effects on environment","Forest & Plant Health","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","Landscape management","landscape evaluations","photo-interpretation","vegetation attributes","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","Washington","Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest","Colville National Forest"],"spatial":"-121.20,47.45,-117.00,49.00","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0084","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0084","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-06-29"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Data supporting an examination of estimating the potential capacity of ecosystems to support biodiversity in the prediction of realized avian diversity","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0001","description":"These data document three classes of response variables: total abundance, total richness, and estimated richness for avian species in the coterminous United States. Each response variable was estimated for each year in the 2010-2014 time period and for all species, exotic species, native species, forest woodland species, grassland species, passerine species, exotic passerine species, native passerine species, forest woodland passerine species, and grassland passerine species. This data publication includes both the observed and estimated species richness for species detected using the 2016 Breeding Bird Survey routes. Estimates were calculated by COMDYN (https:\/\/www.usgs.gov\/centers\/pwrc\/software). Also included are shapefiles containing Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) route centroids, BBS route start locations, and Bird Conservation Regions (BCR) for North America.Develop a modeling framework that will support the estimation of bird community response to environmental change stemming from shifts in climate and land use activities.","keyword":["biota","boundaries","environment","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Techniques","Natural Resource Management & Use","Conservation","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Birds","COMDYN","passerine","exotic","native","abundance","richness","Breeding Bird Survey","Bird Conservation Region","coterminous United States"],"spatial":"-137.00000,24.00000,-67.00000,49.00000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0001","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0001","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-01-05"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Data from the \"Partial Cutting Study\" at the Dukes Experimental Forest, Upper Peninsula of Michigan, 1927\u20131966","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0002","description":"This data publication contains data collected in the Partial Cutting Study (PCS) between 1927 and 1966 at Dukes Experimental Forest (DEF), which was previously the Upper Peninsula Experimental Forest. The PCS used sixteen variations of selection (uneven-aged silviculture) and diameter-limit harvesting methods and measured diameter of trees by species under these systems. Inventory data, collected by the USDA Forest Service, are presented in two different datasets: 1) tree diameter and species data for sapling-, poletimber-, and sawtimber-sized trees collected in Permanent Sample Plots (PSPs) from 1927 to 1966 and 2) diameter class and species data for sapling- and poletimber-sized trees located on transects through the PSPs. Also included in this data publication is a study plan that was compiled from existing reports and contains the history of the study, assigned silvicultural treatments, and changes made to the study between its inception in 1926 until the closure of the study in 1966.The PCS was initiated at DEF in 1926 to investigate partial cutting methods in an effort to provide continuous timber supplies due to concerns at the time over loss of timber reserves and widespread high-grading (Eyre and Zillgitt, 1953; Eyre and Zillgitt, 1950).","keyword":["biota","Forest & Plant Health","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","diameter-limit","clearcut","high-grading","culling","group selection","silviculture","improvement cutting","selection cutting","selection system","poletimber","sawtimber","partial cutting","permanent plots","repeated measurements","cutting methods","long-term study","northern hardwood forests","mixed hardwood forests","timber supply","forest stand dynamics","woody plants","Dukes Experimental Forest","Upper Peninsula Experimental Forest","Michigan"],"spatial":"-87.15629,46.34038,-87.13812,46.34713","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0002","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0002","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-01-12"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Field and spatial data for: Understanding the role of fire refugia in promoting ecosystem resilience of dry forests in the western United States","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0003","description":"This data publication contains both field and spatial components of a research project regarding the role of fire refugia in promoting ecosystem resilience. These data were collected in the western regions of the United States including the Southern Rocky Mountains (Colorado and New Mexico), the Blue Mountains (Oregon), the Kaibab and Coconino Plateaus and Mogollon Rim (Arizona). Data were collected at 12 field sites which were within burned areas selected for their occurrence in a post-fire time frame considered sufficient for observation of forest recovery. Field data were collected in 2017 along a spatial gradient defined by distance from surviving trees; the tree maps were developed using National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP) digital images taken post-fire (2007-2014) at the field sites. Variables measured in the field included species, cover and height of herbaceous and woody plants, ground cover and data on residual trees.Data were collected to meet the project objective: To assess the ecological role of fire refugia as a component of ecosystem resilience.","keyword":["biota","imageryBaseMapsEarthCover","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Ecology","Fire","Fire ecology","fire refugia","forest regeneration","Pinus ponderosa","National Agriculture Imagery Program","Colorado","New Mexico","Oregon","Arizona","Southern Rocky Mountains","Blue Mountains","Kaibab Plateau","Coconino Plateau","Mogollon Rim"],"spatial":"-120.59600,34.03736,-104.89930,45.84264","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0003","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0003","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-01-21"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Growth response data from overstory trees and planted Douglas-fir, western hemlock, and western redcedar after residual density treatments in Capitol State Forest, Washington","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0004","description":"We conducted a study in conjunction with the Washington State Department of Natural Resources examining the response of overstory trees and under-planted conifer seedlings to a range of residual overstory densities. Conifer seedlings included Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco), western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.), and western redcedar (Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don). The study is comprised of three sites within the Capitol State Forest west of Olympia, Washington, each consisting of treatment plots of 1.4-1.5 hectares. Initially 40 to 70 years old, these stands were harvested in the summer of 2000 leaving six retention levels (treatments) of 0, 8, 16, 24, 32 and 40 percent of full basal area stocking. In each plot, 609 trees were planted in 2001 for a total of 10,962 understory trees. The number of overstory trees varies by site and year but were approximately 208, 139, and 136 at sites 1, 2, and 3, respectively. This publication contains data from seedling and overstory tree measurements taken in 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, and 2009. Some years are subsets and do not include all trees. Measurements include height and diameter, along with other attributes such as height to live crown and any damages present. Also included are temperature data from years 2001-2006 and soil moisture data from 2001 and 2002.Land managers looking for alternative silvicultural systems to enhance non-timber values and reduce the visual impact of clearcutting will be interested in how levels of overstory retention may affect the growth of understory trees. Other questions might include how Douglas-fir, western redcedar and western hemlock will regenerate and develop under these alternative systems. This study was also an attempt to help understand some of the physiological and genetic aspects involved in the response to different growing environments.The materials and methods of the study are described in more detail in Brodie and DeBell (2013).","keyword":["biota","farming","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","tree regeneration","tree growth","tree height","tree diameter","species","regeneration harvest","survival","regeneration","overstory tree retention","genetic provenance","understory","Washington","Capital State Forest"],"spatial":"-123.21540,46.87767,-123.12022,46.94256","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0004","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0004","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-01-26"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Investigating the persistence of a disjunct population of Alaska yellow-cedar in a historically frequent-fire landscape","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0005","description":"This data publication includes mortality and regeneration data collected in 2006, 2007, 2008, and 2017 in 32 subplots (along 12 permanent transects) in and around the Alaska yellow-cedar (Callitropsis nootkatensis) grove in eastern Oregon. Field data were collected to evaluate fire-induced mortality and conifer regeneration following fire in 2006. Data from 2006 and 2007 include measurements of Callitropsis nootkatensis, but in 2008 and 2017 measurements were also included for additional species found in subplots. Shapefiles represent the spatial extent of the surveyed Alaska yellow-cedar grove and the location of the fire scar samples collected in 2017. Tree ring measurements obtained from Callitropsis nootkatensis and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) fire scar samples are also provided.Data were collected to meet the project objective: to investigate the persistence of a disjunct population of Alaska yellow-cedar in a historically frequent-fire landscape.For more details regarding this study and the associated data, see Downing et al. (2020).\n\t  \nThese data were published on 01\/26\/2021. Minor metadata updates made on 11\/18\/2021.","keyword":["biota","Ecology","Fire","Fire ecology","Fire effects on environment","fire refugia","dendroecology","Alaska yellow-cedar","Callitropsis nootkatensis","Pinus ponderosa","Oregon","Cedar Botanical Grove","Malheur National Forest"],"spatial":"-119.34306,44.32806,-119.32583,44.34667","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0005","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0005","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-11-18"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"HF003: Stream discharge and bedload accumulation in gauged watersheds at the South Umpqua Experimental Forest, Coyote Creek, 1963 to 1981 and 2001 to present","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0082","description":"Stream discharge is collected on four small watersheds in the Coyote Creek drainage within the South Umpqua Experimental forest in the southwest Oregon Cascades. Stream discharge data was started in October 1963 and discontinued in June 1981 (discontinued April 1985 on Watershed 4). Stream discharge measurement was resumed in December 2000 on all four watersheds. Watersheds 1, 2, and 3 were harvested with differing silvicultural methods in summer 1971, and watershed 4 is the control. High resolution temporal data is provided as well as daily, monthly and annual summary data. Streamflow data by sampling intervals are also provided from 1970 to 1981 when stream water chemistry data were being collected. Annual bedload accumulation totals from each of the four watersheds is also provided beginning 2001.Examine the effects on streamflow based on differing silvicultural techniques used in the harvesting of three small watersheds in conjunction with a control watershed in the South Umpqua Experimental Forest. Additionally, in an effort to relate forest environments to harvesting techniques and subsequent forest regeneration in southwestern Oregon, the U.S. Forest Service monitored and compared these variables on the three adjacent, harvested experimental watersheds.These data were originally provided by Forest Science Data Bank (Jones and Rothacher 2019), and are now also available via the Forest Service Research Data Archive.","keyword":["inlandWaters","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Ecosystem services","Forest & Plant Health","Forest management","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","Landscape ecology","Natural Resource Management & Use","Soil","Timber","Water","accumulation","disturbance","forest ecosystems","hydrologic processes","inorganic nutrients","nutrients","silviculture","stream discharge","streamflow","suspended solids","timber harvesting","water chemistry","water quality","South Umpqua Experimental Forest","Oregon","Portland","Coyote Creek","Roseburg"],"spatial":"-122.73491200,43.00528900,-122.70515400,43.02137300","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0082","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0082","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-01-27"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"CP003: Precipitation chemistry concentrations and fluxes from Coyote Creek in the South Umpqua Experimental Forest and Fox Creek in the Bull Run Watershed in Mount Hood National Forest, 1969 to 1981","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0081","description":"Precipitation chemistry sampling and analysis was initiated in both of these legacy studies in Oregon at the Coyote Creek (South Umpqua Experimental Forest) and Fox Creek (within the Bull Run Watershed in the Mount Hood National Forest) watersheds in 1969 and concluded in 1981. Precipitation samples were collected as a composite sample over a three week period. Water samples were analyzed at what is now called the Cooperative Chemical Analytical Lab (CCAL) at Oregon State University. Concentrations of analytes include dissolved and particulate nitrogen and phosphorus, pH, conductivity, suspended sediment, and a full suite of cations and anions. Fluxes are calculated using nutrient concentrations and precipitation totals over the collection period.The original objective was to examine the nutrient budgets for small watersheds through measurement on nutrient input through precipitation and output through streamflow. Nutrient budgets were then to be evaluated for changes in average concentrations and fluxes following timber harvest in adjacent treated and control watersheds.These data were originally provided by Forest Science Data Bank (Fredriksen and Johnson 2017), and are now also available via the Forest Service Research Data Archive.","keyword":["climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","inlandWaters","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Ecosystem services","Forest & Plant Health","Forest management","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","Landscape ecology","Natural Resource Management & Use","Soil","Timber","Water","forest ecosystems","inorganic nutrients","nutrients","silviculture","streamflow","suspended solids","timber harvesting","water chemistry","water quality","South Umpqua Experimental Forest","Oregon","Portland","Coyote Creek","Roseburg","Fox Creek","South Fork Bull Run River","Mount Hood National Forest"],"spatial":"-122.73491200,43.00528900,-122.00100000,45.43600000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0081","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0081","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-01-27"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"CF003: Stream chemistry concentrations and fluxes from Coyote Creek in the South Umpqua Experimental Forest and Fox Creek in the Bull Run Watershed in Mount Hood National Forest, 1969 to 1981","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0080","description":"Stream chemistry sampling and analysis was initiated in both of these legacy studies in Oregon at the Coyote Creek (South Umpqua Experimental Forest) and Fox Creek (within the Bull Run Watershed in the Mount Hood National Forest) watersheds in 1969 and concluded in 1981. Water samples were collected proportionally to stream discharge as a function of stage height and composited at each stream gauging site. Composite sampling periods were generally three weeks. Water samples were analyzed at what is now called the Cooperative Chemical Analytical Lab (CCAL) at Oregon State University. Concentrations of analytes include dissolved and particulate nitrogen and phosphorus, pH, conductivity, suspended sediment, and a full suite of cations and anions. Fluxes are calculated using concentrations and flow.The original objective was to examine the nutrient budgets for small watersheds and to evaluate changes in average concentrations and fluxes following timber harvest in comparison with unharvested reference watersheds.These data were originally provided by Forest Science Data Bank (Fredriksen and Johnson 2017), and are now also available via the Forest Service Research Data Archive.","keyword":["inlandWaters","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Ecosystem services","Forest & Plant Health","Forest management","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","Landscape ecology","Natural Resource Management & Use","Soil","Timber","Water","forest ecosystems","inorganic nutrients","nutrients","silviculture","streamflow","suspended solids","timber harvesting","water chemistry","water quality","South Umpqua Experimental Forest","Oregon","Portland","Coyote Creek","Roseburg","Fox Creek","South Fork Bull Run River","Mount Hood National Forest"],"spatial":"-122.73491200,45.00528900,-122.00100000,45.43600000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0080","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0080","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-01-27"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Subalpine seedling establishment and climate data provide broad scale drivers of subalpine tree establishment patterns","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0006","description":"The data presented from this study capture subalpine tree seedling characteristics and climatic drivers of establishment of 229 Engelmann spruce and subalpine fir tree seedlings sampled between 1996 and 2017 in beetle-affected and postfire subalpine stands of Colorado and Wyoming. These data include seedling ages ascertained from dendrochronological techniques that include counting annual growth rings. Additionally, age proxies from height and terminal bud scar count techniques are included, allowing the comparison of seedling ages derived from growth rings to age estimates derived from proxies. Maximum growth ring counts were used to calculate establishment dates for each seedling sample. Also included is a data file containing climatic variables from TerraClimate including growing season (May-September) average maximum temperature, minimum temperature, precipitation, and soil moisture in addition to annual average vapor pressure and climatic water deficits for each year from 1958-2017.The seedling data were collected to elucidate establishment dates of Engelmann spruce and subalpine fir tree seedlings from disturbed stands. Seedlings were collected from bark beetle affected stands, which maintain partially closed canopies and allow for suppressed seedling growth, as well as high-severity burned areas, which have little to no canopy cover and an abundance of light resources. Climatic variables during years of seedling establishment were used in analyses to elucidate broadscale drivers of tree seedling recruitment in disturbed subalpine stands.The metadata for this data publication was originally published on 02\/02\/2021, with data under embargo. Minor metadata updates were made on 05\/18\/2021. On 06\/30\/2021 the data embargo was lifted and data became available. Additional minor metadata updates were made on 10\/30\/2024.","keyword":["environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Fire","Fire ecology","Forest & Plant Health","seedlings","seedling establishment","dendrochronology","aging","climate variables","disturbance","wildfire","bark beetles","Picea engelmannii","Abies lasiocarpa","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","Colorado","Wyoming","Routt National Forest","Medicine Bow National Forest","Roosevelt National Forest","Arapaho National Forest"],"spatial":"-107.23517,40.00639,-105.96944,41.42444","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0006","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0006","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-10-30"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Water chemistry data for a forest clearcutting and residual biomass removal study at the Marcell Experimental Forest","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0007","description":"This data publication contains chemical measurements from a hillslope forest harvesting study that occurred between 2010-2013. The study follows a before-after-control-impact design, with measurements collected two years pre-harvest and two years post-harvest on a hillslope in the S7 research watershed at the USDA Marcell Experimental Forest, Minnesota, USA. The north-facing hillslope in the S7 watershed has a mean slope of ~18\u00b0 that drains into a peatland at the toe of the slope. The hillslope was divided into three treatment blocks: 1) an Unharvested Control that was not harvested, 2) a Biomass Left hillslope where residual biomass remained on the ground, and 3) a Biomass Removed hillslope where residual biomass was harvested. Prior to harvesting the forest cover was mixed northern hardwoods, predominately comprised of sugar maple (Acer saccharum), quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) and balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera). During 2011 (pre-harvest) and 2012 (post-harvest) enriched stable mercury isotopes were applied during light spring rain fall events to add a tracer for the assessment of changes in recently deposited mercury mobility due to forestry practices. The data consists of aqueous total mercury (THg), anion (chloride and sulfate), dissolved organic carbon, and cation (aluminum, calcium, iron, magnesium, manganese, potassium, silicon, sodium, and strontium) concentrations in subsurface runoff water. Daily solute yields in runoff from each hillslope plot were calculated for each solute.These data were collected as part of a hillslope-scale forestry experiment to determine the effects of residual biomass removal on hillslope hydrology and mercury mobilization.These data were published on 02\/19\/2021. On 03\/28\/2022 minor metadata updates were made, which included updating the citation for a newly published article.","keyword":["environment","inlandWaters","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","Landscape ecology","Forest Products","Bioenergy and biomass","Natural Resource Management & Use","Agroforestry","Landscape management","Timber","Water","Forest management","mercury","sulphate","forestry","hillslope","runoff","Marcell Experimental Forest","Balsam Township","Itasca County","Minnesota"],"spatial":"-93.470,47.521,-93.469,47.522","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0007","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0007","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-03-28"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Granivory and germination data for: \"Tree encroachment impacts on seed predator selection and seedling establishment in degraded pine woodlands\"","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0008","description":"These data examine the impact of seed predators, substrate type, vegetation cover, and species identity on seed predation and germination of longleaf pine and four common invading tree species (loblolly pine, sweetgum, red maple, and water oak) in southeastern pine woodlands in North Carolina in the winter and early spring between 2018 and 2019. Four treatments (vertebrate seed predator exclusion + midstory retention, vertebrate seed predator exclusion + midstory removal, midstory retention only, and midstory exclusion only) were included in this study which included all combinations of vertebrate seed predator exclusion and midstory hardwood removal. Data are provided in two separate files, with the first file containing germination counts as well as vegetation percent cover data. The second file contains granivory data from cafeteria trials which includes percentage of seeds predated for loblolly pine, longleaf pine, red maple, sweetgum, and water oak.The purpose of this study was to document the impact of granivory, substrate, and vegetation on tree species assembly in southeastern pine woodlands.For more information about this study and these data see Willis et al. (2021).\n\t  \nThese data were published on 02\/08\/2021. Minor metadata updates made on 10\/30\/2024.","keyword":["biota","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","Restoration","granivory","Pinus palustris","Pinus taeda","woody encroachment","germination","substrate","Aristida stricta","regeneration","seed diversity","facilitation","North Carolina"],"spatial":"-79.37280,35.05964,-79.37280,35.05964","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0008","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0008","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-10-30"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Transect and geospatial data for \"Impacts of historical ditching on peat volume and carbon in northern Minnesota USA peatlands\"","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0009","description":"Peatlands play an important role in carbon (C) storage and are estimated to contain 30% of global soil C, despite occupying only 3% of global land area. Historic management of peatlands has led to widespread degradation and loss of important ecosystem services including C sequestration. Legacy drainage features in the peatlands of northern Minnesota were studied to assess the volume of peat and the amount of C that has been lost in the ~100 years since drainage. Using high-resolution Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data, we measured elevation changes adjacent to legacy ditches to model pre-ditch surface elevation, which were used to calculate peat volume loss. We established relationships between volume loss and site characteristics from existing geographic information systems (GIS) datasets and used those relationships to scale volume loss to all mapped peatland ditches in northern Minnesota (USA). This data publication includes a geodatabase containing a feature class describing peatland distribution in two of Minnesota\u2019s ecological provinces (Laurentian Mixed Forest and Tallgrass Prairie Parklands), study sites used in Krause et al. (2021), and a feature class classifying ditches that coincide with peatlands in the study area by predicted volume loss per meter of ditch length based on statistical relationships between volume loss and site characteristics. Also included are the model outputs for the elevation profiles used to estimate total peat volume loss for a given ditch transect and the associated site characteristics. This information was compiled between October 2019 and November 2020 using publicly available datasets.Data were collected and analyzed to assess the historic impact of drainage ditches on peat volume, from which we calculated an approximate associated carbon loss.For more information about these data see Krause et al. (2021).\n\t  \nThese data were originally published on 04\/13\/2021. On 11\/03\/2021 metadata was updated to include citation information for the associated article that was recently published.","keyword":["environment","inlandWaters","Climate change","Carbon","Ecological adaptation","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Ecology","Landscape ecology","Soil","Natural Resource Management & Use","Ecosystem services","Landscape management","Restoration","carbon emissions","ditching","GIS model","peatlands","peat volume loss","Minnesota"],"spatial":"-96.847664,45.200404,-89.786917,49.390305","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0009","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0009","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-11-03"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Black Hills National Forest 2019 Forest Inventory and Analysis data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0010","description":"The USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program has prepared a collaborative Forest Inventory and Analysis data summary for the Black Hills National Forest (BHNF) in western South Dakota and northeastern Wyoming. The summary is based on double-intensity sampling (approximately one plot representing each 3,000 acres) from 2017-2018 and accelerated base-plot (approximately one plot representing each 6,000 acres) sampling for 2019. The 2019 data includes measurements of base plots that would typically be remeasured during the period 2020-2023. Included in this package is a summary spreadsheet containing 15 tables with graphs covering the timber resources, volume, growth, mortality, and harvest removals on the forest. Also included is a spreadsheet providing the associated sampling errors for these attributes. A customized version of the FIA EVALIDator data access tool is also provided, that allows additional queries for these Black Hills National Forest data.Data were collected as part of the ongoing forest inventory. Intensifications were made both temporally and spatially at the request of the Black Hills National Forest. By spanning a state boundary, these data require custom estimation units created for the Black Hills National Forest; this precludes loading into the current version of FIADB. FIA is sharing these data with the public through this mechanism until an updated tool is available online.","keyword":["biota","economy","environment","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Resource inventory","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","Forest & Plant Health","timber resources","volume","growth","mortality","harvest removals","Black Hills National Forest","South Dakota","Wyoming"],"spatial":"-103.6671,43.9166,-103.6671,43.9166","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0010","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0010","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-03-09"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Rainfall and ion composition data from multiple weather stations along an elevation gradient in northeastern Puerto Rico (2009-2018)","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0013","description":"Rainfall and ionic composition data were collected at 21 sites along the elevational gradient of the Luquillo Mountains, in Puerto Rico. Stations were selected along the east coast of the island and follow the steep slope of the mountains until the highest peaks. Rainfall data were collected every two weeks and are provided in this data publication as monthly rainfall from January 2009 through May 2019. Also included are pH and conductivity which are provided monthly starting roughly in November 2011 and continue through May 2019. Monthly ionic composition data from rainwater samples collected during the last two weeks of each month are also included from January 2009 through December 2017.The purpose of these data were to establish a long-term record of precipitation and chemical composition in the rainiest area of Puerto Rico. The Luquillo Mountains encompass El Yunque National Forest thus, the collected information can be used to improve management practices.These data were published on 03\/30\/2024. On 10\/30\/2024, minor metadata updates were made.","keyword":["climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Ecology","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","Water","Forest management","rainfall","ionic composition","nutrient deposition","rainforest hydrology","Puerto Rico","Luquillo Mountains"],"spatial":"-66.531389,18.092397,-65.599758,18.386731","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0013","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0013","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-10-30"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Glacier Lakes Ecosystem Experiments Site (GLEES) hourly meteorology tower data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2006-0003-3","description":"This data publication contains meteorological tower data collected from 1988-2020 at the Glacier Lakes Ecosystem Experiments Site (GLEES), in the Snowy Range near Centennial, Wyoming. Data include hourly air temperature, solar radiation, relative humidity, scalar wind speed, wind direction, soil temperature, snow depth and wet-dry sensor measurements.The GLEES, a 600 hectare research watershed at 3200-3400 meters elevation in the Snowy Range of southeastern Wyoming, was established in 1987 to examine the effects of atmospheric deposition on alpine and subalpine ecosystems. The site is not in a designated wilderness area, but was selected for research because it closely replicates conditions in federally designated Class I wilderness.Additional information about the Glacier Lakes Ecosystem Experiments Site can be found at https:\/\/www.fs.fed.us\/rmrs\/experimental-forests-and-ranges\/glees-glacier-lakes-ecosystem-experiments-site.\n\nThe first edition of these data was made available on 10\/03\/2006 (Korfmacher and Hultstrand [2006]). The second edition includes 11 additional years of data, a few updates to previously published data (e.g. unreliable variables removed and data edits), along with a few minor metadata updates and was made available on 2017.\n\nThis third edition includes 1988 data as well as data from 2017-2020. New variables (added in 2017) include snow depth and air temperature at 5 meters above ground. In addition, the user now has the ability to access these data via a query database.","keyword":["meteorology","subalpine","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","Climate change","Climatology","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","GLEES","Wyoming","Snowy Range","Glacier Lakes","Glacier Lakes Ecosystem Experiments Site"],"spatial":"-106.28200,41.36200,-106.22800,41.38400","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2006-0003-3","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2006-0003-3","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-02-11"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Howland Forest 25-year dataset - Multi-decadal carbon cycle measurements indicate resistance to external drivers of change at the Howland Forest AmeriFlux site","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0014","description":"The Howland Forest, located in central Maine, is an unmanaged, mixed-age forest characterized by canopy trees aged 100-200 years. Eddy flux measurements have been collected at this site since 1996. The forest was first inventoried by NASA in 1989. This data publication contains data files used to produce the figures for a publication that looked at how multi-decadal carbon cycle measurements indicated resistance to external drivers of change at the Howland Forest AmeriFlux site. Data include 1) half-hourly data obtained by eddy covariance measurements (1\/1\/1996 \u2013 12\/31\/2020) with missing values filled via routines in the R package \u201cReddyproc\u201d and used to estimate annual and monthly net ecosystem production (NEP = -net ecosystem exchange), gross primary production (GPP), and ecosystem respiration (Reco); 2) remeasurements of individual tree diameters in 44 inventory plots surrounding the tower (2001-2017); 3) diameter reconstruction of cored trees on an inventory \u201cmegaplot\u201d adjacent to the tower (1989-2015); 4) interpolated soil respiration measurements obtained from manual and automated soil respiration systems (1996-2016); 5) other measurements of carbon flows or stores in the Howland forest including litterfall (1998-2018) and woody respiration; 6) repeated measurements of the leaf area index (LAI) from 1998-2020, and phenology of the forest canopy (1990-2020); and 7) other measurements of forest growth conditions including nutrient deposition (2000-2019), weighted ozone concentration (1995-2018), and atmospheric CO\u2082 concentration (2012-2020).The purpose of this study was to determine if the forest is a net carbon source or sink and how this might change in the future.For more information about this study and these data see Hollinger et al. (2021).\n\t  \nThese data were published on 06\/07\/2021. On 03\/04\/2024, minor metadata updates were made.","keyword":["environment","Climate change","Carbon","Climate change effects","carbon","sequestration","natural climate solution","Maine","Howland"],"spatial":"-68.75200,45.19700,-68.73400,45.21400","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0014","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0014","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-03-04"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Marcell Experimental Forest biweekly bog frost depth, 1985 - ongoing","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0015","description":"This data publication contains frost depth data collected every two weeks in two peatlands instrumented for hydrologic monitoring at the Marcell Experimental Forest (MEF) from 1985\u2013ongoing, only from February until the end of frost during Spring. The variables measured are depth to frost layer, frost thickness, and frost occurrence as percent of area. The three measurements provide information on the depth, duration, and extent of a frost layer. The Marcell Experimental Forest in Itasca County, Minnesota is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, and was formally established in 1962 to study the ecology and hydrology of peatlands.The Marcell Experimental Forest was formally established in 1962. The MEF contains six watersheds (and other study sites), each consisting of an upland portion and a peatland that is the source of a stream leaving the watershed. The watersheds and environmental monitoring at the MEF are part of a long-term research program on the hydrology and biogeochemistry of watersheds with uplands and northern peatlands (Kolka et al. 2011).Additional information about the MEF, its instrumentation, and data can be found at https:\/\/www.nrs.fs.fed.us\/ef\/marcell\/ and in Sebestyen et al. (2011).","keyword":["inlandWaters","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Natural Resource Management & Use","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","peatland","bogs","fens","wetland","winter","frost","Marcell Experimental Forest","Minnesota"],"spatial":"-93.50,47.50,-93.45,47.57","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0015","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0015","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-02-23"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Marcell Experimental Forest biweekly snow depth, frost depth, and snow water equivalent, 1962 - ongoing","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0016","description":"This data publication contains snowpack and frost data measured at the Marcell Experimental Forest from 1962\u2013ongoing. These data came from five peatland\/upland forest watersheds instrumented for hydrologic monitoring. Frost thickness and snowpack (snow water content, snowpack depth) are measured at 10 snowcourses that encompass three cover types (conifer, deciduous, open). The Marcell Experimental Forest in Itasca County, Minnesota, is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, and was formally established in 1962 to study the ecology and hydrology of peatlands.The Marcell Experimental Forest was formally established in 1962 to study the ecology and hydrology of peatlands. The MEF contains six watersheds (and other study sites), each consisting of an upland portion and a peatland that is the source of a stream leaving the watershed. The watersheds and environmental monitoring at the MEF are part of a long-term research program on the hydrology and biogeochemistry of watersheds with uplands and northern peatlands (Kolka et al. 2011).>Additional information about the MEF, its instrumentation, and data can be found at https:\/\/www.nrs.fs.fed.us\/ef\/marcell\/ and in Sebestyen et al. (2011).","keyword":["inlandWaters","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Natural Resource Management & Use","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","bogs","fens","frost","peatland","snow accumulation","snow depth","snow water equivalence","wetland","winter","Marcell Experimental Forest","Minnesota"],"spatial":"-93.50,47.50,-93.45,47.57","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0016","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0016","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-02-23"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Decision support tools for soil carbon management in the Lake States","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0017","description":"Scientists with the Northern Institute of Applied Climate Science and American Forests initiated a project in 2018 to produce a series of soil organic carbon (SOC) assessments addressing land use and forest management effects on SOC within several distinct ecoregions of the United States. The primary goal of these assessments was to produce decision support tools, such as maps and tables, which were in turn supported by robust, underlying peer-reviewed science products. The Lake States assessment is the second in this series and was completed in 2020-2021. Specifically, this assessment looked into how and where forestry, fires, and reforestation influence SOC across the ecoregion, and also summarized site-level tactics that may be used to mitigate probable losses or capitalize on gains in SOC, where relevant. Subsequently, key insights regarding forest harvest impacts were used, in conjunction with geographic information system analyses, to create the spatially explicit data and maps indicating where harvesting likely causes losses, gains, or no change in SOC. The underlying site characteristics driving these changes are included in this data publication, which covers the 22 ECOMAP 2007 Sections present in Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin (and extending into portions of adjacent states). This file includes Land Type Associations and other spatially explicit surface geology information (e.g., surficial deposits) which were used to stratify the study region into assigned values of parent material, landform, and physiographic group. Also included is a 10-meter raster grid representing a unique combination of parent material, surface texture, and landforms to which forest harvest change classes and harvest scores have been assigned. Tabular data containing the ECOMAP 2007 Sections, Land Type Associations, surficial deposits, assigned parent material, landform, and physiographic group are also included along with the unique dominant soil surface texture values obtained from the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRSC) National Soil Survey Geographic (NATSGO) database assigned to a broader class.Produce decision support tools, such as maps and tables, supported by robust, underlying peer-reviewed science products within the Lake States assessment area to address land use and forest management effects on soil carbon (C). The dataset provides insights into how and where forestry, fires, and reforestation influence soil C across ecoregions, and summarize site-level tactics that may be used to mitigate probable losses or capitalize on gains in soil organic C.For more information about the data included in this package as well as details regarding the data sources, methods, analyses, and insights into how and where forestry, fires, and reforestation influence soil C across the ecoregion, and also summarized site-level tactics that may be used to mitigate probable losses or capitalize on gains in SOC, where relevant, see Nave et al. (2021; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eap.2356).\n\t  \nOriginal publication date was 04\/20\/2021. On 04\/23\/2021 metadata was updated to include reference to newly published Nave et al. (2021; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eap.2356), which is referred to throughout this documentation as Nave et al. (2021). Additional minor metadata updates were made on 09\/28\/2021.","keyword":["environment","geoscientificInformation","Climate change","Carbon","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Geology","Soil","Environment and People","Decision making, public involvement","Impact of people on environment","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","forest harvest","meta-analysis","best management practice","carbon management tactics","soil vulnerability","Illinois","Indiana","Iowa","Michigan","Minnesota","North Dakota","Ohio","South Dakota","Wisconsin"],"spatial":"-99.899561,39.699582,-82.372162,50.262608","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0017","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0017","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-09-28"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Key data inputs and modeling outputs for \"Opportunities for forest sector emissions reductions: A state-level analysis\"","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0018","description":"This data publication contains model inputs for the carbon modeling framework utilized for the evaluation of forest sector climate change mitigation scenarios. The model inputs were derived from several sources, ranging from 1995-2016, including inventory data from Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) database for Vermont, volume curves from the Carbon Online Estimator (COLE) for Vermont and New Hampshire (if limited data for Vermont alone), land use change data from the National Land Cover Database and the North American Forest Dynamics clipped to the boundaries of Vermont, and data on harvest volumes from the Vermont Department of Forests, Parks and Recreation across all ownerships in Vermont and the USDA Forest Service Cut and Sold reports for the Green Mountain National Forest in Vermont. Also included are model outputs derived from the Carbon Budget Model for the Canadian Forest Sector (CBM-CFS3) and the Carbon Budget Modeling Framework for Harvested Wood Products (CBMF-HWP) and syntheses for the Vermont forest sector, projected out through 2050 that correspond to figures within \"Opportunities for Forest Sector Emissions Reductions: A state-level analysis\".\n\nAll model input datasets provided and applied in this study are specific to the state of Vermont in that they have been derived from surveys conducted in the state and satellite imagery clipped to state boundaries. The modeling employed state-level parameters, and parameters further refined to each forest type or ownership class combination in the state, as much as possible. If state-level parameters were unavailable, national parameters or model default values were applied.These data were collected to evaluate the effectiveness of forest management and harvested wood product (HWP) strategies outlined in the Vermont's carbon management guidance.This data publication contains data and model outputs for Dugan et al. (2021).\n\t  \nThese data were published on 03\/05\/2021. Minor metadata updates were made on 10\/30\/2024.","keyword":["environment","imageryBaseMapsEarthCover","geoscientificInformation","Climate change","Carbon","Climate change effects","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Ecology","Environment and People","Impact of people on environment","Fire","Fire effects on environment","Fire ecology","Forest Products","Bioenergy and biomass","Forest products industry","Pulp & paper","Wood utilization","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Resource inventory","Biometrics","Natural Resource Management & Use","Timber","Forest management","forest carbon","harvested wood products","climate change mitigation","Vermont forests","carbon emissions","United States Climate Alliance","Vermont","northeast United States"],"spatial":"-73.4252833,42.7291000,-71.4941556,45.0208278","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0018","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0018","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-10-30"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Marcell Experimental Forest peatland and upland water table elevations","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0002-2","description":"This data publication contains water table elevation data collected at the Marcell Experimental Forest (MEF). Monthly upland ground water table elevation data (1962 - ongoing) were collected from upland monitoring wells in six watersheds (with peatlands) instrumented for hydrologic monitoring. Also included are daily water table elevation data (1961 - ongoing) collected from seven peatlands also instrumented for hydrologic monitoring. Additionally, daily water table elevations are provided for upland well 305 (1967 - 2017). The Marcell Experimental Forest in Itasca County, Minnesota is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, and was formally established in 1962 to study the ecology and hydrology of peatlands.The Marcell Experimental Forest was formally established in 1962. The MEF contains six watersheds (and other study sites), each consisting of an upland portion and a peatland that is the source of a stream leaving the watershed. The watersheds and environmental monitoring at the MEF are part of a long-term research program on the hydrology and biogeochemistry of watersheds with uplands and northern peatlands (Kolka et al. 2011).Additional information about the MEF, its instrumentation, and data can be found at https:\/\/www.nrs.fs.fed.us\/ef\/marcell\/ and in Sebestyen et al. (2011).\t  \n\t  \nThis data publication is a second edition that was made available on 02\/24\/2021. This newer edition includes additional years of data and additional information provided in the metadata.\n\nNote: these data are also provided via multiple data publications through the Environmental Data Initiative (see references below).","keyword":["inlandWaters","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Natural Resource Management & Use","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","hydrology","water level","peatland","bogs","fens","wetland","Marcell Experimental Forest","Minnesota"],"spatial":"-93.50,47.50,-93.45,47.57","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0002-2","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0002-2","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-02-24"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"California National Forests fire records 1911-1924","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0020","description":"This data publication contains spatial locations and summary information from the fire reports from 1911-1924 for all national forests in California. These data were derived from ledgers that contained summary information from the original fire reports.The ledgers were created to support the analyses described in Show and Kotok (1923, 1929).\n\nShow, S. B.; Kotok, E. I. 1923. Forest fires in California, 1911-1920. An analytical study. Department Circular 243. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Agriculture.\n\nShow, S. B.; Kotok, E. I. 1929. Cover type and fire control in the national forests of northern California. Bulletin No. 1495. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Agriculture.","keyword":["historical fire reports","environment","Fire","Fire suppression, pre-suppression","California","Pacific Southwest Region"],"spatial":"-123.93963,32.53863,-115.64877,42.06533","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0020","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0020","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-02-25"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Marcell Experimental Forest seasonal soil moisture, 1966 - ongoing","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0019","description":"This data publication contains available soil water measured three times a year (1966 - ongoing) at the Marcell Experimental Forest (MEF). These data came from six peatland \/ upland forest watersheds instrumented for long-term hydrological and biogeochemical research. The Marcell Experimental Forest in Itasca County, Minnesota is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, and was formally established in 1962 to study the ecology and hydrology of peatlands.The Marcell Experimental Forest was formally established in 1962. The MEF contains six watersheds (and other study sites), each consisting of an upland portion and a peatland that is the source of a stream leaving the watershed. The watersheds and environmental monitoring at the MEF are part of a long-term research program on the hydrology and biogeochemistry of watersheds with uplands and northern peatlands (Kolka et al. 2011).Additional information about the MEF, its instrumentation, and data can be found at https:\/\/www.nrs.fs.fed.us\/ef\/marcell\/ and in Sebestyen et al. (2011).","keyword":["inlandWaters","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Natural Resource Management & Use","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","hydrology","soil water content","soil moisture","peatland","bogs","fens","wetland","soil bulk density","Marcell Experimental Forest","Minnesota"],"spatial":"-93.50,47.50,-93.45,47.57","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0019","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0019","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-02-25"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Santee Experimental Forest boundaries","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0012","description":"The Santee Experimental Forest (SEF) boundary encompasses 2,469 hectares which was set aside for forest research within the Francis Marion National Forest (FMNF). The SEF is Compartment 85 of the Francis Marion National Forest. This data publication provides the official boundaries of the SEF as both a geodatabase and a shapefile.This data publication shows the boundary of the SEF in which all research is conducted.","keyword":["boundary","Compartment 85","research forest","boundaries","location","planningCadastre","Natural Resource Management & Use","Santee Experimental Forest","South Carolina","Cordesville","Berkeley County"],"spatial":"-79.83522,33.12561,-79.75493,33.18953","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0012","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0012","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-03-02"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"1936 control survey map of Berkeley County, South Carolina","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0011","description":"This publication contains a georeferenced 1936 map of a control survey by the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey, the United States Geologic Survey, the United States Forest Service and other surveys. It was surveyed from 1933 to 1936 under the supervision of the Forest Supervisor. Four inch (4\") field sheets were prepared from aerial and ground surveys and reduced at the regional office in Atlanta, GA. The map was traced in 1935 and 1936.This map indicates property ownership in Berkeley County, South Carolina in 1936 and includes the area of the Santee Experimental Forest (SEF).The map has been georeferenced so that other SEF spatial data can be overlaid on the map in a GIS program. The SEF is located in the southeastern portion of the map, as the rest of the ownership parcels are within Berkeley County.","keyword":["control survey","property ownership","map","boundaries","imageryBaseMapsEarthCover","location","planningCadastre","Environment and People","History","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Natural Resource Management & Use","Santee Experimental Forest","South Carolina","Berkeley County","Cordesville"],"spatial":"-80.00795,33.10925,-79.74829,33.25752","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0011","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0011","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-03-02"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"1903 Cooper River holdings map in Berkeley County, South Carolina","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0021","description":"This publication includes a black and white georeferenced 1903 map of Cooper River holdings of the E.P. Burton Company from the publication \u201cWorking plan for forest lands in Berkeley County, South Carolina\u201d. The map includes the area of the Santee Experimental Forest.The 1903 map of Cooper River holdings shows the stock of pine and cypress trees in stands within and around the Santee Experimental Forest.Original map is currently archived at the National Archives in Atlanta, Georgia.","keyword":["Burton Lumber Company","Cooper River","holdings","property","map","pine","cypress","tree stands","environment","imageryBaseMapsEarthCover","planningCadastre","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Santee Experimental Forest","South Carolina","Berkeley County","Cordesville"],"spatial":"-79.86080,33.08825,-79.63818,33.28759","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0021","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0021","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-03-03"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Soil profile morphology and chemistry, Allegheny National Forest, PA, 1997-2017","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0022","description":"These data are associated with a 50-year study of soil change on the Allegheny National Forest in northwestern Pennsylvania that began in 1967. In 1997 and 2017, we relocated and sampled 4 of the sites originally sampled in 1967. At each site and each year, four test pits were dug by backhoe. Soil profiles were described and sampled by genetic horizon. In addition, 10 forest floor pin blocks were sampled at each site in 1997, 1998, 1999, and 16 at each site in 2017. Samples were subject to a number of chemical analyses. This data publication consists of three files that include (1) soil horizon samples from 32 backhoe-dug pits, 16 sampled in 1997 and 16 sampled in 2017 where each genetic soil horizon is described using standard soil morphology procedures and analyzed with typical soil analytical methods for pH, extractable cations, and total carbon and nitrogen; (2) quantitative pinblock samples for thickness of forest floor (Oi, Oe, Oa, and A) horizons; and (3) quantitative pinblock samples for mass of forest floor (Oi, Oe, Oa and A) horizons and chemistry (same parameters as the pit samples) for Oa and A horizons only.These four sites relocated exactly in 1997 were undisturbed since their original sampling in 1967, affording a unique opportunity to assess soil change during a period of high atmospheric acid deposition. The Allegheny Plateau received some of the highest acid deposition levels in the USA and forest impacts in this region included an expansion of sugar maple decline disease and acidification of streams, with impacts to native brook trout populations. These data documented soil acidification changes that were drivers behind these environmental impacts. This is one of the only direct measurements of long-term response to acid deposition in forest soils in the USA. In 2017, the sampling was repeated to evaluate recovery from acidification after a period of strongly declining acid deposition. In sum, our sampling in the late 1990s and 2017, coupled with previously published work on samples collected in 1967 by Penn State scientists, creates a fifty-year record of soil dynamics, perhaps the longest such record for forest soils in the USA.For more information about this study and these data see Bailey et al. (2021).","keyword":["biota","environment","geoscientificInformation","Forest & Plant Health","Air, soil, water pollution (environmental injury)","Climate change","Carbon","Environment and People","Impact of people on environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Landscape ecology","Soil","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","forest soil","soil monitoring","soil acidification","soil carbon","calcium","magnesium","aluminum","pH","Pennsylvania","Warren County","Allegheny National Forest"],"spatial":"-79.24,41.64,-78.98,41.81","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0022","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0022","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-01-10"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Anoplophora chinensis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) adult survival, reproduction, and egg hatch at 8 constant temperatures","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0023","description":"Data describing the adult survival, reproduction, and egg hatch of two geographic populations of Anoplophora chinensis (citrus longhorn beetle) evaluated at 8 constant temperatures (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40\u00b0Celsius) and a photoperiod of 16:8 (Light:Dark).Anoplophora chinensis is an invasive longhorned beetle species that has the potential to damage many tree species in orchard, urban, and forested habitats. Understanding how insects respond to temperature makes it possible to estimate potential geographic ranges and develop phenology models to predict the timing of stages that are critical to deploying survey and management options. It is particularly important to develop these predictive tools for species like Anoplophora chinensis that become invasive after being transported, either in live plants or solid wood packaging materials, through international trade routes.This data publication was originally published on 03\/11\/2021. On 04\/06\/2021 the metadata were updated to include a citation for a newly published article associated with these data. Minor metadata updates were made on 09\/24\/2021.","keyword":["reproduction","survival","hatch","citrus longhorn beetle","biota","economy","environment","Forest & Plant Health","Insects","Invasive species","Connecticut","United States","North America","China","Italy","South Korea","Japan","Russia"],"spatial":"-170.00000,-70.00000,-10.00000,85.00000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0023","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0023","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-09-24"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Tropical green roofs vegetation dynamics data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0024","description":"This publication contains data collected in 2017 from three green roofs at the International Institute of Tropical Forestry in San Juan, Puerto Rico and one green roof at the Social Sciences Faculty of the University of Puerto Rico in R\u00edo Piedras. Data from these extensive green roofs include substrate depth as well as species counts within a sampled quadrant, as well as species identification information.The data presented here were collected as part of a Master's Thesis by Grull\u00f3n\u2013Penkova (2017). The purpose of this study was to determine design considerations, a list of potential species for green roof design, and an idea of information that is lacking which could enlarge our knowledge of green roofs as novel ecosystems that serve as mitigation tools in our modern society.","keyword":["biota","environment","structure","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Plant ecology","Natural Resource Management & Use","green roofs","vegetation dynamics","green roof ecosystems","green roof management","tropical green roofs","Puerto Rico","R\u00edo Piedras","San Juan"],"spatial":"-66.06000,18.37000,-66.03000,18.39000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0024","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0024","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-03-15"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Flathead Wild and Scenic River Planning: 2019 Q-methodology data on public perspectives of human and ecological meanings and services and drivers of change","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0025","description":"The Flathead River system (North Fork, South Fork, and Middle Fork), which includes part of the Flathead National Forest and Glacier National Park in Montana, has approximately 219 miles of river designated as Wild and Scenic. Between August and November of 2019, public input data regarding the Flathead River system were collected from 157 members of the interested public, either at two public meetings in Kalispell, Montana, or at various locations in the field. These data include: (1) a \u2018Q-sort\u2019 of human and ecological meanings and services, whereby 48 benefits (e.g., quiet soundscapes, water quality, being free from society and its regulations) provided by the Flathead River system were sorted on a scale of most important to most unimportant; (2) a \u2018drivers of change\u2019 exercise, where participants selected up to five positive and five negative things they felt would influence the human and ecological meanings and services most important to them; (3) a mapping exercise, where participants highlighted specific (or general) areas within the Flathead River system that they may have been focusing on while completing the activity and; (4) some demographic characteristics (e.g., self-description, age).The data collected during this public engagement process were obtained in support of a planning process related to the Flathead Wild and Scenic comprehensive river management plan (CRMP). The public input was analyzed and provided to the managers in a full report, and it constituted a scientifically rigorous public engagement activity. The intent of this work, framed within the literature as a \u2018social vulnerability assessment\u2019, provided managers with an understanding of human-nature relationships and the threats to those relationships. Additionally, this research was completed, in part, to apply a \u2018social vulnerability\u2019 protocol in a different context, which is an approach previously developed for the purpose of providing other National Forest planning teams (e.g., Forest Plan Revision, Comprehensive River Management Planning, finer scale restoration projects) with a tool to engage the public with a social science approach.","keyword":["boundaries","location","society","planningCadastre","Environment and People","Recreation","Quality of life","Social values, ethics","nature-based recreation","social vulnerability assessment","ecosystem services","human and ecological meanings and services","National Forest Planning","Comprehensive River Management Planning","public engagement","Montana","Flathead National Forest","Glacier National Park"],"spatial":"-115,46,-113,49","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0025","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0025","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-06-23"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Fledging times of grassland birds","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0001-2","description":"These data provides information on the nesting ecology of grassland birds. Data were collected from 1996-2014 video surveillance of 205 nests of 17 bird species that nested in grasslands of three states within the United States (Wisconsin, Minnesota, and North Dakota) as well as Alberta, Canada. These data include number of nestlings that fledged from the nest, the time of fledging relative to local sunrise for each nestling, duration of the fledging period, and day length of the fledging date relative to the summer solstice. We also provide data on 474 nest predation events (type of grassland habitat, predator species, month, day, and time relative to local sunrise), also obtained from the video surveillance studies.Data were used to determine how time of fledging initiation and duration varied in relation to species, number of nestlings to fledge, and time within the breeding season. This information is considered to be important to understanding the nesting ecology of grassland birds, which have been experiencing population declines for many years. The data are also relevant to distinguishing among potential drivers of fledging timing, such as avoiding predation and maximizing energy intake.\n\t  \nThe predation data were used to determine the diel predation activity cycle and the major predator species. These data were coupled with the fledging data to further investigate the question of whether avoiding predation risk was an important driver of time of day for fledging in grassland bird species.The first edition of these data was published in 2018 (Ribic et al. 2018). For this second edition (published 03\/24\/2021), one Bobolink nest (nest ID J11R03) was removed from the dataset. A data review found that the nestlings of that nest were force-fledged, and therefore did not meet the established inclusion criteria. This reduced the nest count from 206 to 205. The data review also found that a Savannah Sparrow nest (nest ID Y18Y01) had been recorded as fledging in June rather than July. This error was corrected in the second edition.\n\t  \nOn 05\/04\/2021 metadata were updated to include citation information for Ribic et al. (2021).","keyword":["fledging time","passerines","grassland birds","nesting ecology","predation","video surveillance","Bobolink","Chestnut-collared Longspur","Clay-colored Sparrow","Eastern Meadowlark","Grasshopper Sparrow","Savannah Sparrow","Song Sparrow","Common Yellowthroat","Field Sparrow","Henslow's Sparrow","biota","environment","geoscientificInformation","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Animal ecology","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Birds","Alberta, Canada","Minnesota","North Dakota","Wisconsin"],"spatial":"-111.89889,43.01250,-89.60194,50.56417","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0001-2","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2018-0001-2","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-05-04"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Replication data for \"The politics of urban trees: Tree Planting is associated with gentrification in Portland, Oregon\"","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0026","description":"In the paper: \"The politics of urban trees: Tree Planting is associated with gentrification in Portland, Oregon\", we address our central research question: is urban-tree planting associated with gentrification? These data and the associated program file included in this data publication can be used to replicate the second-stage model of gentrification in the analysis presented in the paper (Donovan et al. 2021).\n\nWe defined gentrification as an increase in the median sales price of single-family homes in a Census tract compared to other tracts in the city after accounting for differences in the housing stock such as house size and number of bathrooms. We used tree-planting data from the non-profit Friends of Trees, who have planted 57,985 yard and street trees in Portland (1990\u20132019). We estimated a mixed model of gentrification (30 years and 141 tracts) including random intercepts at the tract level and a first-order auto-regressive residual structure. Tract-level house prices and tree planting may be codetermined. Therefore, to address potential endogeneity of tree planting in statistical modeling, we lagged the number of trees planted by at least one year. \n\nThis data publication contains the STATA code and all data used for the gentrification model. The data provided include the tract-level random effect from the annual hedonic models (dependent variable), number of street trees planted in the tract (the variable of interest), and other variables that may influence gentrification in a neighborhood (overall tree canopy cover, proximity to light rail lines, presence of historic places, and mean house age and mean house size).These data (and associated program file) were collected for the purpose of evaluating the hypothesis that urban-tree planting increases neighborhood gentrification in Portland, OR.For more information about these data see Donovan et al. (2021; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.forpol.2020.102387).","keyword":["society","structure","Natural Resource Management & Use","Economics","Environment and People","Community development","policy","environmental justice","hedonic","house price","urban forestry","gentrification","arboriculture","Portland","Oregon"],"spatial":"-122.83339,45.43272,-122.47561,45.65443","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0026","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0026","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-04-06"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Luquillo Experimental Forest Canopy Trimming Experiment CTE2 2015-2020 30-minute abiotic data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0028","description":"This data publication contains 30-minute values for abiotic field data from 3 treated and 3 control plots from the Canopy Trimming Experiment (CTE) located near El Verde Field Station in the Luquillo Experimental Forest (El Yunque National Forest), Puerto Rico collected from 2015 through 2020. In December of 2014 (CTE2), in 0.09 hectare (ha) square plots near the El Verde Field Station the forest canopy was trimmed and the canopy debris was littered to the forest floor. The plot size and trim amounts were based on the patch disturbance after the two most recent hurricanes before 2017, both category 3 hurricanes at the location of El Verde: Hugo in September 1989, and Georges in September 1998. Data were collected in the inner 0.04 ha quadrants of the 0.09 ha trimmed plots to minimize edge effects. Each plot was made up of 16 subplots with different data types collected in each subplot. There were 3 sets of control and treated plots, with each set near El Verde field station. Field data include 30-minute: solar radiation, soil profile volumetric water content, shallow soil volumetric water content, canopy leaf saturation, litter leaf saturation, air temperature, soil temperature, air relative humidity, vapor pressure, and throughfall. Field data were collected by one automatic sensor in each plot inside a designated subplot, except: soil profile volumetric water content, canopy leaf saturation, and litter leaf saturation; each were collected in three subplots.The Canopy Trimming Experiment in the Luquillo Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico, is designed to study the key mechanisms behind such a forest\u2019s response after a major hurricane and guide how repeated hurricanes might be expected to alter such ecosystems using these key mechanisms.","keyword":["biota","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","Climate change","Climate change effects","Forest & Plant Health","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","disturbance","hurricanes","tropical forests","Luquillo Experimental Forest","El Verde Field Station","El Yunque National Forest","Luquillo Mountains","Puerto Rico"],"spatial":"-65.89737,18.21337,-65.69412,18.36528","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0028","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0028","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-03-30"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Runoff and erosion from small forest watersheds on the Boise Basin Experimental Forest","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0029","description":"By September of 2004, ten small watersheds ranging in size from 0.9 to 12.2 hectares were installed in the Boise Basin Experimental Forest (BBEF) in east\/central Idaho approximately 48 kilometers (30 miles) northeast of Boise, Idaho and 5 kilometers (3 miles) southeast of the village Idaho City, Idaho. The long term objective of the study was to compare impacts of different management activities, but in the early years, none of the watersheds received any management treatments or natural disturbances. This data publication contains daily temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, wind speed, and runoff measurements recorded from 2004 through 2010. Also included are soil loss and ground cover data collected during this same time period. Additionally, a shaded relief map of the hillslope and raster image file of the BBEF are included, along with shapefiles providing the boundaries of each watershed. Watershed treatment information and timing is also provided, which includes details denoting that due to insufficient funds four of the ten watersheds scheduled for treatment were not treated. Two were designated as controls and the remaining four watersheds were burned in 2008 two of which were salvaged logged the following year.The purpose of this study is to measure the watershed impacts of current forest fuel management practices, simulated wildfire, and to present the runoff and erosion rates observed on these watersheds prior to and following any treatment in order to evaluate natural variability in small watershed studies.For additional information regarding this study and the pre- and post-fire analyses of these data see Elliot and Glaza (2007 and 2009), and analysis evaluating the topographic features of post-fire mineral soil can be found in Dobre et al. (2014).\n\t  \nData were published on 03\/31\/2021. On 04\/15\/2021 additional information was added to the metadata.","keyword":["environment","geoscientificInformation","imageryBaseMapsEarthCover","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","Fire","Wildland\/urban interface","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","biomass reduction","sedimentation","wildland fire","small watershed","hydrology","Boise Basin Experimental Forest","southwestern Idaho"],"spatial":"-115.78000,43.80000,-115.78000,43.80000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0029","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0029","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-04-15"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Cutfoot Experimental Forest 1934 cutting experiment in mature red and jack pine, plots 106 - 110","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0027","description":"We provide historical silvicultural data from plots 106, 107, 108, 109, and 110 located on the Cutfoot Experimental Forest, which is in north-central Minnesota within the Chippewa National Forest (known as the Minnesota National Forest at the time of plot establishment). The data included in this publication document the results of different thinning treatments on mature red (Norway) and jack pine. Five plots were established in 1934 with different spacing and were reassessed in 1939, 1944, 1946, 1950, and 1953. Plots were differentiated by the type of harvest treatment. These included: group selection, light selection, heavy selection, and commercial, as well as a control plot. Data are provided in two comma-delimited ASCII text files which contain 1) diameter at breast height (DBH), crown class, and height measurements of mainly red (Norway) pine on five different plots (plots 106 - 110) between 1934 and 1953; and 2) sleet damage measurements from 1940.The purpose of these data was to determine a satisfactory method of cutting mature red (Norway) pine so as to provide for a second cut and to secure satisifactory reproduction at the end of the rotation.","keyword":["biota","economy","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Plant ecology","Forest Products","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Resource inventory","Natural Resource Management & Use","Economics","Forest management","Timber","red pine","Norway pine","Pinus resinosa","jack pine","Pinus banksiana","forest thinning","timber growth","Cutfoot Experimental Forest","Minnesota","Chippewa National Forest","Minnesota National Forest"],"spatial":"-94.55000,47.30000,-94.49100,47.35700","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0027","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0027","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-04-07"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Luquillo Experimental Forest Sabana weather station scaffold tower 2018-2020 data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0030","description":"This data publication contains 1 hour values for field data from the weather station at Sabana Field Station, on top of a scaffold tower in the Luquillo Experimental Forest (El Yunque National Forest), Puerto Rico collected from 2018 through 2020. The weather station collects solar radiation, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), air temperature, air relative humidity, precipitation, barometric pressure, and wind (speed and direction broken down to octants with a wind rose). The weather data have been recorded at the Sabana Field station since 2001; this is the third location of the weather station. The weather station was located on the laboratory roof from 2001-2007, and a demonstrative weather station existed 2007-2018. This newer weather station\u2019s data should not be directly compared to the previous weather stations, as it is in a different location.The Sabana weather station in the Luquillo Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico, monitors the climate of the forest for long term records and use for other research studies requiring abiotic data.These data were originally published on 04\/01\/2021. On 04\/07\/2021 minor metadata updates were made.","keyword":["biota","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","Climate change","Climate change effects","Forest & Plant Health","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","disturbance","hurricanes","tropical forests","Luquillo Experimental Forest","Sabana Field Station","El Yunque National Forest","Luquillo Mountains","Puerto Rico"],"spatial":"-65.89737,18.21337,-65.69412,18.36528","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0030","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0030","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-04-07"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:32"],"programCode":["005:051"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Biodetection of low pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAIV) infected mallards data set","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/NWRC-RDS-2021-001","description":"Outbreaks of avian influenza virus (AIV) infection included the spread of highly pathogenic AIV in commercial poultry and backyard flocks in the spring of 2015. This resulted in estimated losses of more than $8.5 million from federal government expenditures, $1.6 billion from direct losses to produces arising from destroyed turkey and chicken egg production, and economy-wide indirect costs of $3.3 billion from impacts on retailers and the food service industries. Additionally, these outbreaks resulted in the death or depopulation of nearly 50 million domestic birds. Domesticated male ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) were trained to display a specific conditioned behavior (i.e. active scratch alert) in response to feces from AIV-infected mallards in comparison to feces from healthy ducks. In order to establish that ferrets were identifying samples based on odors associated with infection, additional experiments controlled for potentially confounding effects, such as: individual duck identity, housing and feed, inoculation concentration, and day of sample collection (post-infection). A final experiment revealed that trained ferrets could detect AIV infection status even in the presence of samples from mallards inoculated with Newcastle disease virus or infectious laryngotracheitis virus. The data included covers the training with live AIV fecal samples, testing with alternate but similar pathogens, and generalization testing with fecal samples from ducks pre and post infection.We hypothesized that the success of the ferrets in detecting AIV infection in irradiated mallard fecal samples could be repeated using fecal samples from live AIV infected and non-infected ducks. We also conducted experiments that tried to control for diet, location, collection day, and infection from other viruses.For more information about this study and these data, see Golden et al. (2021).","keyword":["health","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Mammals","associative learning","olfaction","odor discrimination","operant behavior","Pennsylvania","Philadelphia"],"spatial":"-105.149444,40.582500,-105.145278,40.586944","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/NWRC-RDS-2021-001","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/NWRC-RDS-2021-001","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-05-27"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Longleaf pine plantation growth data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0031","description":"This data publication contains growth and yield data from eleven longleaf pine growth and yield studies on plantations in the West Gulf Region (Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida). These studies implemented various thinning treatments and some fertilization. Data include site measurements such as soil type and depth, and then various tree-related variables measured between 1950 and 2021 such as: diameter at breast height, height, age, height to base of live crown, bole lengths, crown class and width, and heights to different tree diameters. Also included are multiple supplemental files that contain additional information about each of these studies.These data can be used for all kinds of growth and yield analyses pertaining to plantation-grown longleaf pine stands in the South.","keyword":["Pinus palustris","growth and yield","tree growth","plantation","longleaf pine","West Gulf Coastal Plain","Texas","Louisiana","Mississippi","Alabama","Florida","Palustris Experimental Forest"],"spatial":"-94.20000,30.10000,-86.92000,31.90000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0031","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0031","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-04-02"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Biomass utilization operations on forest hydrologic and soil erosion processes in the northwest United States","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0032","description":"Early in the first part of this century, an initiative was undertaken to investigate the effects of biomass reduction on forested areas. Funding for these investigations was made available through the National Fire Plan (NFP), and President Bush\u2019s Wildfires and Healthy Forest Initiative. Several years later another initiative was instated known as the Biomass Research and Development Initiative (BRDI) which targeted studies involving the utilization of the biomass offsite, for feedstock or other energy needs. \n\nOur BRDI research, targeted the surface processes where the biomass was reduced or removed for utilization. These goals examined whether biomass reduction\/removal indicated a significant increase in soil erosion, decrease in infiltration or otherwise adversely impact water resources, compared to control sites. To explore these objectives, we installed research sites in Idaho (Smokey Boulder), Montana (Cyclone Reid) and Washington (Summit Pierre) and studied biomass utilization management at the small plot scale. The research design for these biomass utilization studies set up replicate silt fence plots on different management treatments and monitored the soil loss activity. This data publication contains ground cover and bulk density measurements obtained on plots for all three research sites from roughly 2011-2015. Soil loss data were also collected from 2012-2014 for the Smokey Boulder sites. Also included are recorded infiltration rates from an in-house customized permeameter (infiltration analysis performed on trails, off trails, treated and control sites) from 2013-2015. Daily temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, windspeed, and runoff measurements for the same time period are also provided from weather stations (with a rain gauge) installed at each site.The BRDI research, targeted the surface processes where the biomass was reduced or removed for utilization. These goals examined whether biomass reduction\/removal indicated a significant increase in soil erosion, decrease in infiltration or otherwise adversely impact water resources, compared to control sites.","keyword":["environment","geoscientificInformation","Forest Products","Wood utilization","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","biomass utilization","permeameter","Idaho","Montana","Washington"],"spatial":"-118.15,45.16,-114.56,48.97","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0032","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0032","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-04-02"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Philadelphia land cover change data, 1970-2010","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0033","description":"These data represent land cover change in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania over 40 years, with land cover visually interpreted from aerial imagery in 1970, 1980, 1990, and 2000. Land cover classes were tree\/shrub, herbaceous, other pervious, building, and other impervious at 10,000 random points.Many cities in the United States and around the world have been assessing trends in urban tree canopy cover, and many municipal leaders have set goals for tree cover levels. However, there is a need for greater understanding of the socioecological dynamics of tree cover change over many decades, including varied trends within a city. These land cover change data were collected to assess the rates and drivers of tree cover change, using Philadelphia to investigate the processes of tree cover change in a post-industrial city.For more information about these data see Roman et al. (2021).\n\t  \nThese data were originally published on 04\/09\/2021. On 06\/07\/2021 the metadata was updated to include reference to a newly published article. On 02\/22\/2022 minor metadata updates were made.","keyword":["biota","environment","location","society","structure","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Landscape ecology","Environment and People","History","Recreation","Urban natural resources management","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","land cover","urban tree canopy cover","urban forest","urban park","post-industrial city","Philadelphia","Pennsylvania"],"spatial":"-75.27867,39.86845,-75.95836,40.13687","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0033","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0033","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-02-22"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Fernow Experimental Forest: Growth and productivity data for a 45-year-old Norway spruce plantation","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0034","description":"In 1973, as part of research addressing the timing, volume, and source of streamflows, a 22.34 hectare (ha) watershed on the Fernow Experimental Forest was planted with Norway spruce (Picea abies). This data publication includes the growth and productivity data of this unusual Norway spruce plantation over the intervening 45 years, which provides information on stand density, incursion of native hardwoods, and reaction to a major disturbance, Superstorm Sandy in 2012. The Fernow Experimental Forest is a 4,600 acre outdoor laboratory near Parsons, WV. The data included in this publication were collected in July 2018 on 18 plots and include plot number, tree species, diameter at breast height, crown class (dominant, co-dominant, intermediate, or suppressed), and status (live or dead).These data were collected to evaluate and describe the growth and development of the Norway Spruce planted on this watershed at age 45. These data are the most recent of several re-measurements and were collected to continue this data set. Contact the authors if interested in the older data.","keyword":["biota","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","Norway spruce","stand dynamics","long-term research","watershed research","Fernow Experimental Forest","West Virginia","Monongahela National Forest"],"spatial":"-79.713316,39.027489,-79.642171,39.078677","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0034","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0034","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-04-14"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Greenhouse gas emissions and removals from forest land, woodlands, and urban trees in the United States, 1990-2019: Estimates and quantitative uncertainty for individual states","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0035","description":"As a signatory to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the United States has been reporting an economy-wide inventory of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and removals since the mid-1990s (US EPA 2021). Estimates of GHG emissions and removals from forest land, land converted to and from forest land, woodlands in the grassland category, and urban trees in settlements are compiled by U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service researchers and are based primarily on national forest inventory (NFI) data collected and maintained by the Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program within the USDA Forest Service. The state-level estimates of GHG emissions and removals provided in this publication are based on the compilation reported in the Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry chapter of the US EPA (2021) submission to the UNFCCC. Included in this package are 15 comma-delimited ASCII text files of estimates (9 of net carbon or CO\u2082 flux estimates, 2 of carbon stock estimates, 3 of non-CO\u2082 emissions, and 1 of area estimates of land use and land use change) and 2 files of quantitative uncertainties. All the estimates\/uncertainties are the same as those found in Appendix 1 and 2 from \u201cGreenhouse Gas Emissions and Removals from Forest Land, Woodlands, and Urban Trees in the United States, 1990-2019\u201d (Domke et al. 2021).These estimates are being provided in this format to make them more accessible for use in sub-national reporting or further analysis.Appendix 1 and 2 from \u201cGreenhouse Gas Emissions and Removals from Forest Land, Woodlands, and Urban Trees in the United States, 1990-2019\u201d (Domke et al. 2021) are formatted versions of the estimates in this package by state with footnotes that provide table-specific details.","keyword":["biota","environment","Climate change","Carbon","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Fire","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Resource inventory","Natural Resource Management & Use","Ecosystem services","greenhouse gas","emissions and removals","carbon stocks","carbon net flux","forest carbon","woodland carbon","land use","land use change","drained organic soils","settlement trees","conterminous United States","Hawaii","Alaska"],"spatial":"172.00000,18.00000,-66.00000,72.00000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0035","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0035","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-04-15"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Spatial wildfire occurrence data for the United States, 1992-2018 [FPA_FOD_20210617]","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0009.5","description":"This data publication contains a spatial database of wildfires that occurred in the United States from 1992 to 2018. It is the fourth update of a publication originally generated to support the national Fire Program Analysis (FPA) system. The wildfire records were acquired from the reporting systems of federal, state, and local fire organizations. The following core data elements were required for records to be included in this data publication: discovery date, final fire size, and a point location at least as precise as a Public Land Survey System (PLSS) section (1-square mile grid). The data were transformed to conform, when possible, to the data standards of the National Wildfire Coordinating Group (NWCG), including an updated wildfire-cause standard (approved August 2020). Basic error-checking was performed and redundant records were identified and removed, to the degree possible. In addition to incorporating data for 2016-2018, some previously unavailable nonfederal wildfire records for the period 1999-2015 were acquired either directly from the state fire services (NH, NJ) or indirectly from an updated National Association of State Foresters database (AR, AZ, CA, CO, FL, HI, ID, IL, OK, SD) and added. The resulting product, referred to as the Fire Program Analysis fire-occurrence database (FPA FOD), includes 2.17 million geo-referenced wildfire records, representing a total of 165 million acres burned during the 27-year period. Identifiers necessary to link the point-based, final-fire-reporting information to published large-fire-perimeter and operational-situation-reporting datasets are included.There is a wealth of information to be found in agency and local fire reports, but even the most rudimentary interagency analyses of wildfire numbers and area burned from the authoritative systems of record have been stymied to some degree by their disunity. While necessarily incomplete in some aspects, the database presented here is intended to facilitate fairly high-resolution geospatial analysis of US fire activity over the period 1992-2018, based on available information from federal, state, and local systems of record. It was originally generated to support the national, interagency Fire Program Analysis (FPA) system (http:\/\/www.forestsandrangelands.gov\/FPA\/index.shtml).This data publication is the fifth edition of the FPA FOD, which spans 1992-2018. The first edition spanned 1992-2011 (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0009), the second edition spanned 1992-2012 (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0009.2), the third edition spanned 1992-2013 (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2838\/RDS-2013-0009.3), and the fourth edition spanned 1992-2015 (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2837\/RDS-2013-0009.4). All four editions were developed as described by Short (2014). Linkable, published large fire perimeters are available at https:\/\/www.mtbs.gov\/; research-ready ICS-209 situation-reporting data are available at https:\/\/figshare.com\/articles\/dataset\/ICS209-PLUS_Cleaned_databases\/8048252\/10 and described at https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41597-020-0403-0\n\t  \nThis fifth edition was published on 06\/30\/2021. Metadata updated on 03\/22\/2022 to include link to new map service. Metadata updated on 08\/09\/2023 to include reference to the sixth edition of these data, as well as a few updates to URLs. \n\n**NOTE: We recommend using the sixth edition of these data which is now available, see the Cross-Reference section below. The fourth edition includes all of the data from previous editions, includes a more up to date set of data, and contains the full taxonomic information for the data. All editions were developed as described by Short (2014).\n\n* These data are now also available as a map service: https:\/\/apps.fs.usda.gov\/arcx\/rest\/services\/EDW\/EDW_FireOccurrence5thEdition_01\/MapServer.","keyword":["biota","geoscientificInformation","location","Fire","Fire detection","wildfire","Fire Program Analysis","United States"],"spatial":"-178.802600,17.939722,-65.256944,70.299700","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0009.5","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0009.5","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-08-09"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Replication data for: \"The natural environment and social cohesion: Tree planting is associated with increased voter turnout in Portland, Oregon\"","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0036","description":"In the paper: \"The natural environment and social cohesion: tree planting is associated with increased voter turnout in Portland, Oregon\", we explore the association between tree planting and one metric of social cohesion: voter turnout. These data and the associated program file can be used to replicate the mixed model with a random effect described in more detail in the associated paper. This data publication contains the STATA code and panel data of voter turnout by tract over time from 2002-2020. The panel data include: election turnout (for general and primary elections), tree planting, and tract-level demographic variables (race, age, and education).These data were collected to longitudinally examine the impact of tree planting on social cohesion in Portland, OR.For more information about this study and these data see Donovan et al. (2022).","keyword":["environment","health","society","Environment and People","Community development","Quality of life","Social values, ethics","Urban natural resources management","health","greenness","nature","social cohesion","Oregon","Portland","Multnomah County"],"spatial":"-122.6750,45.5051,-122.6750,45.5051","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0036","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0036","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-02-14"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Eastern redcedar percent canopy cover in the central Great Plains (1985-2018)","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0037","description":"This data publication contains percent eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana) tree canopy cover estimates for three separate study areas: two in Nebraska (\"Custer\" and \"SENE\" study areas) and one in Kansas (\"Kansas\"). These data are derived from airborne lidar data and 30-meter Landsat imagery. There is a separate file for each study area for every year from 1985-2018. Data are intended for use in treed areas outside of urban centers. A value of 0 has been assigned to urban areas according to the 2016 National Land Cover Database and to areas with a tree cover value of less than 0.1% as determined from lidar data.These data were created to support geospatial analyses of the current status of eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana) tree cover and encroachment over time. Eastern redcedar is a species of special concern due to its encroachment into rangelands of the Great Plains. Management actions to control eastern redcedar are density dependent and thus require spatial information on the relative density or percent canopy cover of redcedar trees, which can coexist with deciduous trees in this landscape. A time series of spatial information on eastern redcedar cover can also aid in understanding rates of encroachment and infilling, and can improve understanding of the factors that contribute to risk of future encroachment when paired with other geospatial data.","keyword":["imageryBaseMapsEarthCover","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Natural Resource Management & Use","Landscape management","tree canopy cover","eastern redcedar","Juniperus virginiana","conifer cover","woody species encroachment","Nebraska","Kansas"],"spatial":"-100.25808,38.01216,-96.53347,41.74019","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0037","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0037","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-04-13"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Runoff and erosion from small forest watersheds on the Priest River Experimental Forest","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0038","description":"Ten small watersheds ranging in size from 1.7 to 6.5 hectares (ha) were installed at the Priest River Experimental Forest (PREF) in the northern panhandle of Idaho approximately 12 kilometers (km) (7 miles (mi)) northeast of Priest River, Idaho. The long term objective of the study was to compare impacts of different management activities, simulated wildland fire and salvage logging from those wildland fire simulations.  No natural disturbances or treatments occurred on any of the watersheds during the first three years of the study. Two watersheds were designated as controls and the remaining eight watersheds received treatments between 2006-2009; a timeline with the treatment schedule is provided within the supplement folder. Weather data for this publication contains daily temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, wind speed, and solar radiation recorded from approximately 2003 through 2010. During 2006-2007, hemispheric photos were collected at the snow water equivalent (SWE) collection points for nine of the ten watersheds before and after the treatments.  Last the GIS folder provides a shaded relief map of the hillslope and raster image file of the PREF area, along with shapefiles providing the boundaries of each watershed, point locations for weather stations, and the snow course within each watershed.The purpose of this study is to measure the watershed impacts of current forest fuel management practices, simulated wildfire, and to present the runoff and erosion rates observed on these watersheds prior to and following any treatment in order to evaluate natural variability in small watershed studies.For additional information regarding this study and the pre- and post-fire analyses of these data see Elliot and Glaza (2007 and 2009).","keyword":["climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","environment","geoscientificInformation","inlandWaters","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","Fire","Wildland\/urban interface","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","biomass reduction","sedimentation","wildland fire","small watershed","hydrology","Priest River Experimental Forest","Idaho"],"spatial":"-116.48000,48.35000,-116.48000,48.35000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0038","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0038","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-04-15"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"10-year Allegheny hardwood forest type regeneration data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0039","description":"This data publication contains regeneration surveys in an experiment investigating the independent and synergistic effects of both white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) browsing and hay-scented fern (Dennstaedtia punctilobula) competition on tree regeneration in a 10-year experiment that ran from 2001 to 2010 in three hardwood forest sites in Pennsylvania, USA. Treatments included fencing (+\/-) to examine the role of browsing and the hay-scented fern cover (+\/-) to examine the role of competing vegetation. Data were collected in 1 meter squared plots within each experimental unit. Seedling tallies were done to identify both established seedlings, new germinants, as well as height of the tallest seedling, by species.The experiment was designed to examine how tree seedling establishment, growth, and composition are filtered by fern cover versus fern removal (gaps), browser presence versus absence (exclosures), and their combined effects over ten years at three hardwood forest sites in Pennsylvania, USA.These data were published on 09\/02\/2021. Minor metadata updates were made on 11\/08\/2024.","keyword":["biota","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Plant ecology","seedlings","seedling establishment","disturbance","recruitment","succession","Odocoileus virginianus","Dennstaedtia punctilobula","Picea engelmannii","Abies lasiocarpa","Pennsylvania"],"spatial":"-79.162134,41.535215,-78.447591,41.714761","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0039","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0039","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-11-08"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Data and statistical program files for analysis of Northern Bobwhite resource selection during fall and winter in southwest Missouri","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0040","description":"We provide data and statistical program files related to Northern Bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) resource selection during fall and winter in southwest Missouri. Working in five Missouri Department of Conservation conservation areas (Robert E. Talbot, Shawnee Trail, Stony Point Prairie, Wade and June Shelton Memorial, and Wah\u2019Kon-Tah Prairie) from October 2017 through January 2019, we captured 158 bobwhite from 67 unique coveys and attached transmitters to 119 individuals. From this base collection we created 650 choice sets, comprised of 1 used location and 3 available (i.e., random) locations, that represent 90 individual bobwhite from 47 unique coveys.Our objective was to investigate Northern Bobwhite fall and winter resource selection in southwest Missouri as a function of vegetation structure, composition, and management from traditionally (intensively) managed sites and remnant (extensively managed) grassland sites using multinomial logit discrete choice models in a Bayesian framework. Information regarding winter resource selection is necessary to quantify whether fall and winter resource requirements are different from the better-documented breeding season requirements, and the extent to which fall and winter requirements might be contributing to the observed declines in Northern Bobwhite populations.These data were published on 07\/15\/2021. On 11\/08\/2024, minor metadata updates were made.\n\t  \nFor more information about this study and these data, see Mosloff et al. (2021).","keyword":["biota","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Fire","Prescribed fire","Natural Resource Management & Use","Landscape management","Range management & grazing","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Birds","Habitat management","Northern Bobwhite","discrete choice model","avian ecology","movement ecology","conservation","grassland management","Missouri"],"spatial":"-94.63033,37.13862,-93.89394,37.92691","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0040","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0040","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-11-08"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Canopy effects from biomass utilization on the Priest River Experimental Forest","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0041","description":"Early in the first part of this century, an initiative was undertaken to investigate the question of the effects of biomass reduction on forested areas. Funding for these investigations was made available through the National Fire Plan (NFP), and President Bush\u2019s Wildfires and Healthy Forest Initiative. Several years later another initiative was instated known as the Biomass Research and Development Initiative (BRDI) which targeted studies involving the utilization of the biomass offsite, for feedstock or other energy needs. \n\nOur BRDI research goals, targeted the soil and water component of the area where the biomass was removed once reduction had taken place  These goals examined whether biomass reduction\/removal indicated a significant increase in soil erosion, decrease in infiltration or otherwise adversely impact water resources, compared to control sites. To explore these objectives, we installed research sites at several locations and studied management at the small plot scale. The Priest River Experimental Forest (PREF) which is in the northern panhandle of Idaho approximately 12 kilometers (km) (7 miles (mi)) northeast of Priest River, Idaho, was chosen as one research study area because biomass removal projects had been completed in years past. The object of this particular utilization study was to look at the differences between the no canopy clearing of watershed 8 (past research salvaged logged watershed see methodology for more detail) and the nearby canopy covered area that had not been harvested for 100 years. \n\nThis data publication contains 2014 data gathered from both the canopy and no canopy areas for ground cover, bulk density, and litter cover. Equipment installed consisted of a 32-point snow course, 12 rain gauges with 24 complementary soil moisture and temperature probes, 2 weather stations and 2 four component net radiation sensors. Data collected from these instruments were gathered during 2014-2017. Daily weather station peripherals included temperature, relative humidity, windspeed, and solar radiation. The four-component net radiation equipment logged (via Campbell Scientific programing) shortwave radiation down and up welling and longwave radiation down and up welling. Additionally, a of raster image of PREF are included, along with shapefiles providing the boundaries of watershed 8 as well as snow course collection point locations, weather stations, rain gauges, soil moisture\/temperature probes, and net radiation sensors. Hemispheric photos were collected at the rain gauge locations and next to the net radiation sensors. All hemispheric photos are included in this package.The object of the utilization study at the PREF was to look at the differences between the no canopy clearing of watershed 8 and the nearby canopy covered area that had not been harvested for 100 years.","keyword":["climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","environment","geoscientificInformation","inlandWaters","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","Fire","Wildland\/urban interface","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","biomass utilization","wildland fire","canopy effects","small watershed","hydrology","snow ablation","Priest River Experimental Forest","Idaho"],"spatial":"-116.79900,48.35600,-116.79900,48.35600","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0041","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0041","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-04-21"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Tracking soil and vegetation water on the Clearwater National Forest","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0042","description":"Laird Park is located approximately 20 kilometers (12 miles) due east of Potlatch, Idaho on the Clearwater National Forest. The property for the Laird Park campground area was donated to the United States Forest Service by Potlatch Corporation and the park dedication took place in 1937. The site was used for a couple of different studies: a tree core moisture study and a soil water content study involving soil moisture\/temperature probes and piezometers. This data publication includes data from both studies. \n\t  \nThe tree moisture study that took place was two-fold. One part of the study was completed on an area within the Laird park boundaries on grand fir (Abies grandis) specimens from 2010 through 2012, another part of the study was completed on Potlatch Corporation property with ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) from 2010 through 2011. Data include tree moisture calculated from tree cores and soil grab samples. From the tree cores, a wood moisture was estimated and tree rings counted. The soil samples which were acquired nearly every time the trees were cored provided an estimation of soil moisture and bulk density. \n\nFor the soil water content portion, piezometer water level and temperature data were recorded at 11 wells during 2011 through 2016\/2017. Twenty-four hour weather data (temperature, relative humidity, solar radiation, wind speed, and wind direction) were also recorded during the same time period. Soil temperature and soil moisture probes installed at depths 5 and 30 centimeters logged data at three areas: partial canopy, canopy, and the no canopy area of the weather station. Hemispheric photographs for those same three locations are also provided.The project was initiated as a pilot project to study moisture uptake of trees, soil moisture, base flow seepage and phosphorous levels between surface and soil water reserves.","keyword":["climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","geoscientificInformation","inlandWaters","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","Wildland\/urban interface","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","base flow","interflow","groundwater","soil moisture","phosphorus","Idaho","Laird Park","Clearwater National Forest"],"spatial":"-116.64500,46.94300,-116.44500,46.94300","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0042","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0042","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-04-21"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Santee Experimental Forest, Watershed 80: streamflow, water chemistry, water table, and weather data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0043","description":"This data publication contains streamflow, water chemistry, water table and weather data measured at Watershed 80 (WS80) on the Santee Experimental Forest near Cordesville, South Carolina starting in 1968. Watershed 80 is an approximately 160 hectare first-order control watershed that was established in 1968 as part of a paired watershed system (Watershed 77, established earlier in 1963, was the treatment watershed). Daily streamflow data are provided from 1968-2022, and 10\/15-minute streamflow from 2003-2022. Water chemistry data collected, upstream from the WS80 weir, nearly daily are provided from 2004-2022, and approximately weekly water chemistry data are provided from November 1976-1982 and October 1989-1994. Groundwater water table levels were monitored manually approximately weekly from 1992-1995 in a network of 33 non-recording wells, and from 2003-2019 in a network of nine manual wells. Hourly water table levels collected electronically are provided from 2003-2022 at wells D and H. Daily rainfall totals and average air temperatures collected at meteorologic station 25 (Met25) are provided from 1990-2001, and hourly data (including soil temperature) are provided from 2001-2022. Weather data (air and soil temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and direction, solar and net radiation, etc.) collected at the WS80 tower are provided as 15-minute averages from 2010-2022. Non-recording manual gauge rainfall data collected approximately weekly from 1966-1984 are also provided for multiple gauges in WS80.The purpose of Watershed 80 when established in 1968 was to serve as a control site for research on the effects of management treatments (taking place since 1976 on Watershed 77, the treatment watershed established in 1963) such as thinning and prescribed burns on the hydrology, water quality, soils, carbon dynamics and vegetation of low gradient, poorly drained forested watersheds in the South Carolina Coastal Plain.","keyword":["climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","environment","inlandWaters","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","forested wetlands","forested watersheds","poorly drained soils","outflow (runoff)","water quality","automated sampler","Manta multiprobe","Hanna multiprobe","water table","WL15","WL16","pressure transducer","non-recording gauge","precipitation","air temperature","soil temperature","solar radiation","net radiation","photosynthetically active radiation","PAR","wind speed","wind direction","vapor pressure","relative humidity","Santee Experimental Forest","South Carolina","Coastal Plain","Watershed 80"],"spatial":"-79.78153,33.13284,-79.76300,33.15007","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0043","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0043","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-04-08"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Geodatabase containing opportunity areas for expanding Kirtland\u2019s Warbler nesting habitat in Wisconsin and Upper Peninsula of Michigan","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0044","description":"The Kirtland\u2019s Warbler (Setophaga kirtlandii) was federally delisted under the U.S. Endangered Species Preservation Act of 1966 in October 2019 after more than 50 years of conservation and management activities. Expanding their nesting habitat is a key element in continuing conservation actions identified by the Kirtland\u2019s Warbler Conservation Team. To this end, we used known characteristics of jack pine ecosystems suitable for nesting Kirtland\u2019s Warblers to identify potential breeding habitat expansion opportunities across Wisconsin and Michigan's Upper Peninsula. These data are provided as a geodatabase and also via maps of Upper Michigan and Wisconsin, both of which display the LANDFIRE Environmental Site Potential (ESP) groups with and without excessively-drained dominant soil components and federal\/state\/local government lands with management potential. Source data were accessed in 2018.The purpose of this study was to find opportunity areas for potential expansion of Kirtland\u2019s Warbler nesting habitat in Upper Peninsula Michigan and Wisconsin.A research map for these data is also available (Adams and Donner 2021; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/NRS-RMAP-12).","keyword":["biota","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Birds","Kirtland's Warbler","habitat","Wisconsin","Michigan"],"spatial":"-83.78444,42.20500,-93.01873,48.17206","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0044","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0044","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-05-07"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Global peatland Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) infrared values","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0045","description":"This database is a subset of peat samples available from the Global Peatland Microbiome Project (GPMP), and includes the sample name, associated GPMP number, and sampling site location information (i.e. site name, country, latitude, longitude, elevation, mean annual temperature, distance from the equator, peatland clustering categories, and vegetation coverage categories), as well as sample depth, von Post index value, and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) derived carbohydrate and aromatic content of 1034 samples taken between August 2008 and January 2017. These samples were collected from 10-20, 30-40, and 60-70 centimeter depths across a latitudinal gradient of 79\u02daN to 65\u02daS and from elevations of 0 to 4773 meters.The study focused on using FTIR to characterize the chemical composition of peat. By comparing the carbohydrate content, aromatic content, and von Post index values of the peat samples to the distance from the equator, elevation, and mean annual temperature, the soil organic matter reactivity and recalcitrance was assessed on a global scale.For more information about these data and the GPMP study, see Verbeke et al. (2022).\n\t  \nThese data were published on 11\/02\/2021. Minor metadata updates were made on 11\/08\/2024.","keyword":["biota","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","elevation","environment","geoscientificInformation","location","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Soil","global","Antarctica","Argentina","Australia","Brunei","Canada","Chile","China","Colombia","Costa Rica","Czech Republic","Ecuador","Estonia","Finland","Indonesia","Ireland","New Zealand","Norway","Panama","Peru","Republic of Congo","Russia","Sweden","Switzerland","United Kingdom","USA","Vietnam"],"spatial":"-158.14583,-65.32311,175.55465,78.92582","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0045","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0045","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-11-08"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Community zones for assessing wildfire exposure in the United States","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0046","description":"This community zones geodatabase delineates U.S. Census populated places in the Unites States (contiguous U.S., Alaska, Hawaii and Puerto Rico) and their associated wildland urban interface (WUI) as part of assessments to quantify wildfire transmission to communities. Research has shown that less than 20% of buildings in non-WUI areas are exposed to wildfire yet there are no community-level datasets that include the most vulnerable areas to wildfire, those areas where homes and structures are built among wildland vegetation. Local and regional risk planning processes, including engagement with communities, can use these boundaries to better define and map the scale of wildfire risk from large fire events and incorporate wildfire network and connectivity concepts into risk assessments.Community zones were created for the United States to pair U.S. Census populated places with wildland urban interface data (WUI) where homes and structures are built among wildland vegetation. This allows the assessment of community scale exposure while incorporating areas and buildings within them that are at the greatest exposure from wildfires and the source of many wildland ignitions. Research has shown that between only 10% and 20% of buildings in non-WUI areas are exposed to wildfire (Ager et al. 2021; Kramer et al. 2019), those areas typically defined by more \u201curban\u201d community boundaries. And yet there are no community-level datasets that define the boundary of the community to include the areas where the majority of exposure and loss from wildfire are experienced. Current community wildfire protection planning (CWPP) guidelines are based on perimeters typically defined by administrative boundaries. The lack of a spatial planning framework for the CWPP process has led to a wide range of planning scales (e.g., neighborhoods, towns, multiple towns, entire counties) and associated boundary delineations that are potentially unrelated to the spatial extent of fire transmission to communities (Ager et al. 2018).","keyword":["boundaries","location","planningCadastre","society","structure","Fire","Wildland\/urban interface","Environment and People","Natural Resource Management & Use","United States","Hawaii","Alaska","Puerto Rico","contiguous United States","CONUS"],"spatial":"-176.78329,17.88328,-65.22142,71.35087","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0046","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0046","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-06-22"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Characteristics of 32-year-old Pinus ponderosa root systems in northern Idaho, USA","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0047","description":"This data publication includes tree data acquired 32-years after an experiment was initiated (1986) on the University of Idaho Experimental Forest in northern Idaho, USA, to determine the outplanting effects of copper root pruning during container nursery production. We measured aboveground tree attributes (i.e., height, diameter breast height, canopy projection, and basal area of nearest neighbors) and excavated trees to measure root traits for the entire root system and the root cage, including number and volume and length by depth, quadrant, order, and type. We also investigated attributes of the root cage, including taproot taper, root diameter, patterns of growth ring eccentricity, and cross-sectional area.The primary objective was to determine if copper root pruning during nursery production had an effect of root system architecture three decades hence, but this work also provided insights in root system architecture development in general.These data were published on 09\/27\/2021. Minor metadata updates were made on 05\/18\/2023, 01\/17\/2024, and 07\/15\/2024. On 12\/09\/2025 a minor correction was made to the description of the variable \"order\".","keyword":["biota","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","Landscape management","Restoration","Pinus ponderosa","regeneration","root system architecture","seedling quality","root eccentricity","slope","mechanical force","nursery practices","Idaho","Latah County","University of Idaho Experimental Forest"],"spatial":"-116.87104,46.84224,-116.87104,46.84224","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0047","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0047","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-12-09"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Precommercial thinning direct-seeded longleaf pine data on a poor site","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0048","description":"A poor longleaf site in Rapides Parish, Louisiana was direct-seeded in 1965 and then thinned in 1974 using several different levels of thinning that ranged from thinning to 3000 trees per acre to thinning to 500 trees per acre as well as a treatment that included cutting all trees in strips. The data included in this publication contain tree measurements collected after thinning and repeated every 5 or more years until the study was closed, which resulted in the following data collection years: 1979, 1984, 1989, 2002, and 2009. Measurements include approximate age of stand and diameter at breast height for every tree in each plot. Also included for a subset of trees each year is: height to base of live crown, tree height, crown class, bark thickness in two directions, and height of trees to 4 different outside bark diameters (2, 4, 6, and 8 inches).The original study was meant to be used in conjunction with other studies on other sites for determining the best thinning method for dense direct-seeded longleaf pine stands.These data were originally published on 05\/20\/2021. On 11\/09\/2021 a reference was added for a newly published and related data publication (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0097).","keyword":["biota","economy","environment","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","Timber","growth and yield","longleaf pine","thinning","direct-seeded","poor sites","Louisiana","Rapides Parish"],"spatial":"-92.80500,31.32700,-92.80100,31.33000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0048","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0048","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-11-09"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Guarea guidonia and Ocotea sintenisii physiological and climate data for Tropical Responses to Altered Climate Experiment (TRACE) canopy tower site at Sabana Field Research Station, Luquillo, Puerto Rico in summer 2017","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0053","description":"This data publication includes data collected as part of a study assessing physiological acclimation of canopy leaves at the Tropical Responses to Altered Climate Experiment (TRACE) canopy access tower, located at the Sabana Field Research Station in the Luquillo Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico. Physiological acclimation was assessed on two tree species, Guarea guidonia and Ocotea sintenisii, through photosynthetic and respiratory temperature response in the summer of 2017. Leaves were heated +3 \u00baCelsius throughout the canopy access tower using heating pads. Complementary environmental data were collected describing leaf temperature at each tower level where leaves were heated. Leaf area index was also measured at each level of the canopy access tower.Assess whether leaves of two canopy trees, Guarea guidonia and Ocotea sintenisii, acclimate to experimental warming.For more information about this study and these data see Carter et al. (2021).\n\t  \nThese data were published on 10\/25\/2021. On 04\/11\/2022 the bounding coordinates provided for this study were corrected.","keyword":["biota","environment","Climate change","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Forest & Plant Health","Landscape ecology","Plant ecology","experimental warming","canopy","leaf temperature","photosynthesis","plant respiration","TRACE","tropical forest","Luquillo Experimental Forest","Puerto Rico","Sabana Field Research Station","El Yunque National Forest"],"spatial":"-65.73058,18.32465,-65.73058,18.32465","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0053","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0053","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-04-11"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04"],"programCode":["010:164"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Nest site locations of breeding birds in the Wassuk Range, Sweetwater Mountains, and east slope of the Sierra Nevada, Nevada and California","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0054","description":"These data document nest site locations of breeding birds in canyons throughout three mountain ranges in the western Great Basin (Mineral, Douglas, and Lyon Counties, Nevada; and Alpine and Mono Counties, California): the Wassuk Range, Sweetwater Mountains, and east slope of the Sierra Nevada. Data were collected during the breeding season from 2016 through 2018, inclusive. Nests were found using standard nest search protocols. Data include coordinates of each nest, species of bird, identification and measurement of nest substrate, and date of detection.Data were collected to examine relations between previously collected detection data from point count surveys and nest locations. Data also were collected to examine vegetation associations with nest site selection at multiple spatial scales. Knowledge about the ability of detection data to predict nesting and provide inference about environmental variables correlated with nesting has implications for management actions.Additional data are available from the Forest Service Research Data Archive (see Cross-References below): birds detected during point counts; various measurements of vegetation at each point.","keyword":["biota","environment","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Birds","breeding birds","detections","point counts","land-cover change","monitoring","nest location","juniper","Jeffrey pine","sagebrush","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","Southwest Climate Adaptation Science Center","Northwest Climate Adaptation Science Center","Nevada","western Nevada","California","eastern California","Great Basin","western Great Basin","Bodie Mountains","Sweetwater Mountains","Wassuk Range","Sierra Nevada","Mineral County","Douglas County","Lyon County","Alpine County","Mono County"],"spatial":"-119.60826,38.05812,-118.62749,38.63036","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0054","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0054","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-06-18"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Primeval paths: Bison in West Virginia","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0055","description":"In 1989 a map of major historical bison trails and points in West Virginia was produced and recently this work was converted to digital format. Approximately 2,600 kilometers of bison and elk trails were documented in West Virginia through review of historical sources including traveler's accounts. Most points of interest associated with the trails and points document mainly European hunting activities related to bison and elk. The original map was developed by reviewing county histories and journals of early explorers of what is now West Virginia for mention of game trails and general descriptions of wildlife and flora. The libraries and collections of Davis and Elkins College, Elkins West Virginia (West Virginia Collection and Archives), West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia (West Virginia Collections, Forestry Library, Wise Library, Evansdale Library, and Health and Science Library), Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia (Special Collections and Morrow Library), and the West Virginia Department of Culture and History, Cultural Center, Charleston, West Virginia were included in the search for documents. Key words such as clover, fields, meadows, grass, and direct mentions of bison\/buffalo, elk, or general game or \u201cIndian\u201d trails were searched for and noted. This data publication includes a geodatabase containing these digitized bison trails (approximate trails bison used to move from place to place) as well as bison points of interest (places bison were present from as early as 1671 until 1825) in West Virginia.The purpose of this project was to provide major bison trails and points in West Virginia with historical description.Original metadata were published on 07\/26\/2021. On 08\/11\/2021 metadata were updated to include attribute accuracy information. Reference to a newly published article was included on 10\/28\/2021.","keyword":["bison","point","trail","biota","environment","society","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Environment and People","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Mammals","West Virginia"],"spatial":"-82.68553,37.27641,-77.75076,40.02913","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0055","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0055","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-10-28"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Interpolated fire-adapted tree abundance in pre-settlement forests of Minnesota","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0056","description":"Historic bearing-tree information was used to create an interpolated data surface of the percentage of fire-adapted trees across much of the state of Minnesota. Species and genera were classified as either pyrophilic (fire loving) or pyrophobic (fire avoiding). Each record, comprised of one tree, was assigned a pyrophilic score of either 0 or 100%. An 805 square meter grid was overlaid onto the point data and mean pyrophilic percentages were calculated from all bearing trees within each cell. Ordinary kriging was used to create the interpolated surface. This data publication includes the shapefile containing interpolated mean percent pyrophilic values summarized by 10% classes as polygons for both the Midwestern Broadleaf Forest Province and Laurentian Mixed Forest Province in Minnesota.We used the existing Minnesota Bearing Tree Database to create a new data layer to display the distribution of fire-adapted trees on the pre-settlement landscape.For more information about this study and these data, see Thomas-Van Gundy and Nowacki (2016).","keyword":["fire","presettlement disturbance regimes","ecological units","biogeography","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Landscape ecology","Plant ecology","Minnesota"],"spatial":"-97.017924,43.446377,-89.469504,49.395553","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0056","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0056","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-08-12"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Forest abundance data for the Abies concolor and Abies magnifica ecotone in the central Sierra Nevada range, California","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0057","description":"This publication includes forest composition and structure data from two observational field studies conducted across the Abies concolor-Abies magnifica ecotone in the central Sierra Nevada range of California, and data from a growth chamber experiment designed to evaluate the sensitivity of Abies concolor and Abies magnifica seedling growth and survival to current and projected future climate conditions. The 1981 field study includes tree size and abundance measurements collected in 30 plots located on sites with equal abundances of Abies concolor and Abies magnifica overstory trees along the Tioga Pass Road and Glacier Point Roads in Yosemite National Park, California. The 2016 field study includes tree size and abundance measurements collected in 60 plots randomly located on north-facing aspects across an elevation gradient that spans the lower and upper elevation bounds of the Abies concolor and Abies magnifica ecotone in the central Sierra Nevada Range of California. Plots in 2016 were distributed across the Tioga Pass Road and Glacier Point areas in Yosemite National Park, and the Crabtree and Herring Creek areas in the Stanislaus National Forest. Also included are historic and projected future climate data (1981-2010, RCP 8.5 2040-2069, RCP 8.5 2070-2099) extracted at 2016 plot locations using ClimateNA software. Finally, seedling survival and biomass growth measurements were collected in a fully factorial growth chamber experiment that assessed the effects of present (2001-2010), projected mid-21st century (2040-2069), and projected late-21st century (2070-2099) temperature, soil drying, and growing season length conditions. Each of 27 treatment combinations was replicated with 14 seedlings per species. Climate conditions were based on predictions made by the Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis (CanESM2) under the RCP 8.5 emissions forcing scenario.2016 Field Observational Study: \nSeedling, sapling and tree demography was assessed across an elevation gradient that encompassed the lower and upper elevation bounds of the Abies concolor and Abies magnifica ecotone in the central Sierra Nevada Range of California. The purposes of these data were to a) determine the lower and upper elevational bounds of the ecotone, b) evaluate macro-climate drivers of species-specific tree abundances, and c) determine whether species demography is shifting under recent climate conditions.\n\n1981 Field Observational Study: \nSeedling, sapling, and tree composition was assessed in an Abies concolor and Abies magnifica ecotone in the central Sierra Nevada Range of California to determine the environmental conditions encountered in these ecotone communities, and to determine site differentiation between Abies concolor and Abies magnifica tree species.\n\n2016 Growth Chamber Experiment: \nThe sensitivity of Abies concolor and Abies magnifica seedlings growth and survival to current and projected climate conditions was tested in a growth chamber experiment to better understand how these two species might respond to future climate conditions.These data were published on 07\/15\/2021. Minor metadata updates were made on 11\/22\/2024.","keyword":["climate envelope","climate tolerance","ecotone","elevational gradient","growth chamber experiment","regeneration","species distributions","species demographics","biota","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","elevation","environment","Climate change","Climate change effects","Ecological adaptation","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Plant ecology","California","Stanislaus National Forest","Yosemite National Park","Sierra Nevada"],"spatial":"-120.00903,37.25106,-119.58241,38.25106","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0057","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0057","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-11-22"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Long-term ecosystem responses from the Coram woody biomass and residue utilization study","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0058","description":"This data publication includes long-term ecosystem datasets generated from the Forest Residues Utilization Research and Development Program's study at the Coram Experimental Forest, which is nested within the Flathead National Forest in northwest Montana. This multi-disciplinary study was developed in 1973 and implemented in 1974 by scientists in the Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station (then, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station) in the cool, western larch-mixed conifer forest of the northern Rocky Mountains ecoregion. Four utilization treatment levels (a combination of biomass utilization level and residue burning treatment) were applied within each of three silvicultural harvests (clearcut, shelterwood, and group selection) with 2 replications. In addition to conventional timber removal, the four utilization levels were specified to (1) cut understory, remove residue, and broadcast burn; (2) cut understory, leave residue, and broadcast burn; (3) cut understory, remove residue, and do not burn; and (4) do not cut understory, remove residue, and do not burn. These experimental harvests and prescribed burning took place in 1974-1975, and data were collected between 1973 and 2013. There are four core sets of data included in this publication: tree, shrub, plantation, and forest floor. A suite of tree (including natural and planted) measurements were taken in 2012 such as height, diameter at breast height, live crown base height, species, and seedling counts. In 1973, 1976, and 1978 non-tree woody vegetation (shrub) data such as crown diameter, height, density, and species were measured. In 2012 shrub basal diameter (of root crown) was also recorded. Plantation data such as vigor, crown position, tree height, diameter at breast height, crown length and width, etc. were recorded up to 10 times between 1977 and 2013. In 2013, forest floor depth and mineral soil materials were also measured.As identified in the project's 1973 study design, a major problem that has been confronting forestry is how to more efficiently harvest and utilize timber without creating unacceptable impacts on the forest environment. This study was designed to address two related needs. The first was to improve recovery and utilization of the total wood resource, leaving less material as residue. Experts in the 1970s predicted substantial increases in demand for wood and wood fiber-based products, especially softwood housing construction materials. Today, these predictions still stand and include demand for renewable woody residues for power and heat generation or recalcitrant carbon storage. Harvesting practices that facilitate more complete utilization of the available wood resource in the northern Rocky Mountains can contribute significantly to meeting this demand.\n\t  \nThe second need was to reduce the adverse aesthetic and environmental impacts of timber harvesting and other on-site activities. Utilization standards and logging practices may leave large amounts of residue (small trees, cull and broken logs, tops, and dead timber) on the ground following harvesting operations. These residues can contribute to the forest's nutrient reservoir, reduce erosion, protect seedlings, and provide wildlife cover. In the quantities that frequently occur, however, they create a fire hazard, inhibit regeneration, detract from area esthetic values, and represent waste of a scarce fiber resource. Harvesting practices that improve the economic feasibility of using more of this material can remedy a major source of undesirable impacts on the area.\n\nThe project addressed a need for silvicultural prescriptions and skyline harvesting systems that can be combined to achieve improved utilization within realistic environmental economic, and management constraints. These data were collected to test the long-term effects of various silvicultural alternatives in the western larch-mixed conifer forest type, especially as they pertain to forest regeneration and dynamics, ecosystem structure and composition, and forest productivity and nutrient loss.These data have been used to summarize short-term effects of forest utilization treatments in 1980-1981 (see Forest Service General Technical Reports listed as cross-references below) as well as to investigate the long term ecosystem effects in the context of the 21st century forest management (see Jang and others between 2015 and 2018, listed as cross-references).","keyword":["biota","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Soil","Fire","Prescribed fire","Forest Products","Bioenergy and biomass","Wood utilization","Natural Resource Management & Use","Ecosystem services","Forest management","Timber","long-term silviculture experiment","western larch","mixed-conifer","productivity","nutrients","soil organic matter","soil carbon","carbon storage","clearcutting","shelterwood-with-reserves","group selection","biomass harvesting","forest stand dynamics","Coram Experimental Forest","Montana","northern Rockies","Rocky Mountains","Hungry Horse Ranger District","Flathead National Forest"],"spatial":"-113.97,48.40,-113.95,48.42","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0058","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0058","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-06-24"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Northern red oak progeny trial, Hardwood Tree Improvement and Regeneration Center","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0059","description":"These data were collected from three red oak (Quercus rubra) progeny trial plantations managed by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Hardwood Tree Improvement and Regeneration Center (HTIRC). Open-pollinated seeds from 92 red oak families were germinated and grown at the Vallonia Nursery in Indiana. In 2007 and 2008 these seedlings were planted on three plantations (referred to as 115, 117, and 119 in the HTIRC database) in Tippecanoe county, Indiana on property owned by Purdue University. Trees were planted 8 feet apart in alternating rows with bur oak, which was removed at age 9. Data obtained between fall of 2017 and spring 2018, after 11 or 12 growing seasons (including 1 year in nursery), include height, diameter, branch angle, number of branches below 1 inch in diameter, sweep, and presence of a 12 foot log without serious defect. Traits except height and diameter were rated categorically.Data were collected to evaluate growth and form differences among red oak families. Trees will be used for selection as part of genetic improvement program.We expect these plantations to be measured at a minimum every three years. All three locations will be thinned beginning in winter 2021 so not all trees will be measured after 2021. Data from measures after 2021 or data related to other red oak progeny trials of similar age are available from HTIRC by contacting the project leader (currently Keith E. Woeste, 574-370-3020; keith.woeste@usda.gov) or the director of HTIRC (currently Matthew  D. Ginzel, Purdue University, mginzel@purdue.edu; 765-490-9522, https:\/\/htirc.org\/).\n\nThese data were published on 07\/13\/2021. Minor metadata updates were made on 11\/22\/2024.\n\nFor more information about this study and these data, see Woeste et al. (2021).","keyword":["environment","Natural Resource Management & Use","Timber","northern red oak","Quercus rubra","plantation","progeny trial","Indiana","West Lafayette","Tippecanoe County"],"spatial":"-86.88000,40.27000,-87.03000,40.44000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0059","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0059","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-11-22"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Southern California shrub and subshrub use-availability data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0060","description":"This data publication contains information used in the use-availability modeling of five plant species that occur in southern California shrublands: Acmispon glaber (Vogel) Brouillet, Arctostaphylos glandulosa Eastw., Eriodictyon crassifolium Benth., Eriogonum fasciculatum Benth., and Eriodictyon trichocalyx A. Heller. Use data (latitude, longitude of known species locations) were collected from herbarium records and field surveys. Availability data corresponds to locations in the study region where species have not been sampled. Localities are in an Albers Equal Area planar projection. Corresponding historical (1951-1980) 30 year average climate data for use-availability localities were obtained from the Basin Characterization Model (BCM), which models the interactions of climate with landscape attributes such as topography and soils and provides 270 meter resolution grids for historical and future climate in California. Climate variables include temperature and precipitation seasonality, precipitation of the warmest and coldest quarter, minimum winter temperatures, maximum summer temperatures, evapotranspiration and climatic water deficit.Data were collected to model suitable habitat for multiple shrubland plant species.For more information about these data as well as further details on use and climate data, see Johnson et al. (2021) and Riordan et al. (2018).","keyword":["biota","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Plant ecology","Natural Resource Management & Use","Restoration","alluvial scrub","California sage scrub","chaparral","climate","ecological restoration","shrubland","species distribution model","use-availability model","Acmispon glaber","Arctostaphylos glandulosa","Eriodictyon crassifolium","Eriodictyon trichocalyx","Eriogonum fasciculatum","California","southern California"],"spatial":"-124.3624,32.5437,-114.1745,41.99894","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0060","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0060","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-08-05"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Stanislaus-Tuolumne Experimental Forest \u2018Methods of Cutting\u2019 study plots 8-11: 88+ years of forest composition","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0061","description":"To study the effects of different logging methods on composition and growth of stands, early U.S. Forest Service scientists, including silviculturist Duncan Dunning, established \u2018Methods of Cutting\u2019 (MOC) plots in forest stands of varying composition and productivity throughout California. Four of these plots, all fully or partially on what is now the Stanislaus-Tuolumne Experimental Forest (Stanislaus National Forest), were established in old-growth mixed conifer stands in 1928 and 1929. Each plot was about 10 acres in size. All trees were mapped, and data on species, diameter, and height were taken prior to logging. Patches of shrubs, tree regeneration, and downed logs were mapped on at least some plots in the initial surveys. In combination, these data provide a measure of the composition of such forests at the time. Data from MOC plots, including MOC plots 8-11 on the Stanislaus National Forest, were used in numerous early publications, including yield, stand, and volume tables. Tree data were collected again in 1934 and 1939 and then plots were abandoned when research priorities changed. The MOC plots 8-11 were re-discovered in 2005. The plot infrastructure remained nearly intact, and many numbered tree tags were still in place. Data from surveys and remeasurements taken in the 1920\u2019s and 1930\u2019s were found in the National Archives in San Bruno, CA. Trees were remapped and some of the original variables remeasured once again between 2007 and 2016 to address new questions about forest change, downed log and snag change, and fire-forest structure interactions over time. These four MOC plots are among the oldest mostly intact forest research plots known to exist in California. The geodatabase included in this data publication contains the location and data from trees measured in the 1928-1929, 1934, 1939 and the 2007-2016 surveys of MOC plots 8, 9, 10 and 11.The original 'Methods of Cutting' plot data provide a reference of the structure and composition of old growth mixed conifer forest on a very productive site in 1928 and 1929, and the remeasurement, completed between 2007 and 2016, demonstrates changes that have occurred in this forest as it recovered from logging in the absence of frequent fire which once characterized the disturbance regime.Information about these plots and the associated data can be found in four journal articles published between 2013 and 2021 (Knapp 2013, Lydersen 2013, Knapp et al. 2015, and Ziegler et al. 2021).\n\t  \nThese data were published on 07\/07\/2021. Minor metadata updates were made on 04\/18\/2022.","keyword":["methods of cutting plots","historical forest","historical tree survey","silviculture","timber harvest","biota","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Plant ecology","Forest Products","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Resource inventory","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","Timber","California","Tuolumne County","Pacific Southwest Region","Stanislaus National Forest","Stanislaus-Tuolumne Experimental Forest"],"spatial":"-120.03263,38.15806,-119.96596,38.19567","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0061","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0061","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-04-18"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Conterminous United States urban forest threats to 2060","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0068","description":"Numerous threats to urban forests are assessed for the conterminous United States, including projected changes in urban tree cover, air temperatures, precipitation, aridity, sea level rise, wildfires, and flooding, as well as threats from hurricanes, tornadoes, ice storms, and insects and diseases. All potential threats were integrated into a cumulative threat index to illustrate which areas of the United States will likely face the greatest overall threat to their urban forests from 2010 through 2060. These data support the 2010 Resources Planning Act (RPA) Assessment cycle.By understanding local urban forest threats, management plans and policies can be enacted to help mitigate the impacts of and adapt to future threats to sustain healthy urban forests and associated benefits.These data were published on 05\/19\/2022. On 07\/21\/2022 the metadata was updated to include reference to newly published article. Minor metadata updates were made on 04\/20\/2023. \n\t  \nThese data were collected and analyzed to provide content for Nowak et al. (2022).","keyword":["boundaries","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","environment","health","location","society","Climate change","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Environment and People","Fire","Forest & Plant Health","Natural Resource Management & Use","aridity","flooding","hurricanes","ice storms","insects","tornadoes","urban tree cover","wildfire","RPA Assessment","Resources Planning Act Assessment","conterminous United States"],"spatial":"-124.73000,25.54000,-66.95000,49.38000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0068","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0068","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-04-20"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Effect of management activities on forest soil properties in the Rocky Mountains: I. Understory vegetation","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0062","description":"This data set contains vegetation measurements collected in a study that was designed to determine how mechanical site preparation and prescribed fire affected understory vegetation growth, conifer establishment and growth, and soil physical and chemical properties of some Rocky Mountain national forests. The treatments (listed by treatment code) applied to the sites included the following: 1 = bole removed followed by broadcast burn, 2 = bole removed followed by dozer or grapple pile, 3 = control (undispersed), 4 = whole tree removal (only in 1990 Helena\/Deerlodge Forest), and 9 = burned only. Not every treatment was used in each forest.\t    \n\t  \nThe data in this publication were collected over a five-year period (1989-1993) from 11 national forests located in Montana, Idaho, and Arizona. The data focus on the recovery of understory vegetation after treatment. It consists of information on habitat types (Pfister et al. 1977) at each sample location, estimates of cover for all species present at the sample location, and estimates of height for each species present.\n\nThe original intent of the study was to summarize the data to an individual stand so returning to each stand for additional sampling in subsequent years was not planned and plot locations were not permanently marked. However, written or diagrammed descriptions of the location of each sample site exist on the sample forms. These descriptions are included with these archived data in case there is a future need to return to the sample areas.The overall purpose of this study was to determine how management practices, such as burning, machine piling, scarifying, and scalping, change the character of the organic-rich surface soil layer; and how this change affects seed sprouting, seed-growth performance, and mycorrhizal development that maintains vegetation in these Rocky Mountain forests.  \n \nThe specific purpose of the understory vegetation research was to determine if vegetation composition changed depending on whether the site was dozer piled or prescribe burned compared to an adjacent unharvested area and whether soil chemistry changes caused by the treatments may have affected seed germination and seed spread throughout the stand.There are six separate data publications containing the data collected to examine the effect of management activities on forest soil properties in the Rocky Mountains: I. understory vegetation; II. tree, stump, and downed woody debris data (variable plots and transects); III. soil core data; IV. soil chemistry data; V. burn and soil surface conditions; and VI. microsite data.\n\t  \nData were originally published on 08\/04\/2021. Minor metadata updates were made on 09\/24\/2021.","keyword":["biota","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Forest & Plant Health","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Plant ecology","understory vegetation","ferns","forbs","fuels management","grass","habitat type","shrubs","ground cover","Arizona","Idaho","Montana","Boise National Forest","Helena\/Deerlodge National Forest","Lolo National Forest","Nez Perce National Forest","Payette National Forest","Salmon National Forest","Targhee National Forest"],"spatial":"-116.95386,44.07600,-111.52080,48.58800","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0062","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0062","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-09-24"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Effect of management activities on forest soil properties in the Rocky Mountains: II. Tree, stump, and downed woody debris data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0063","description":"Site preparation when applied (hand or mechanical methods) in the western United States often has two objectives: 1) modify the soil, litter, or surface vegetation to create microclimates that favor the establishment and growth of desired tree species and 2) to remove excess surface fuel to decrease the fire hazard. Between 1989 and 1992, data were collected from 11 national forests across the Rocky Mountains (Idaho, Montana, and Arizona) in moist and dry mixed-conifer and ponderosa pine forests. Depending on the forest, stands were treated with the following prescriptions over the five-year period (listed by treatment code): 1 = bole removed followed by broadcast burn, 2 = bole removed followed by dozer or grapple pile, 3 = control (undispersed), 4 = whole tree removal (only in 1990 Helena\/Deerlodge Forest), and 9 = burned only. Not every treatment was used in each forest.\n\t  \nEach harvested stand was also paired with an adjacent untreated stand on a similar aspect, slope, and habitat type. For each stand in the study, the variable radius plots were used to collect characteristics on trees > 5 inches diameter at breast height (DBH) and to measure and tally stumps. The information gathered from the variable radius plot included tree species, diameter, and height. Brown\u2019s transects (Brown 1971, 1974) were used to collect data on downed woody debris (dwd) and tree and stump density. The information gathered from the Brown\u2019s transects included size and distribution of the sound and rotten wood currently laying on the ground and estimates of the total weights of sound and rotten wood. These data were intended to provide the general characteristics of live and dead wood for each stand after treatment.\n\nThe original intent of the study was to summarize the data to an individual stand so returning to each stand for additional sampling in subsequent years was not planned and plot locations were not permanently marked. However, written or diagrammed descriptions of the location of each sample site exist on the sample forms. These descriptions are included with these archived data in case there is a future need to return to the sample areas.The overall purpose of this study was to determine how management practices, such as burning, machine piling, scarifying, and scalping, change the character of the organic-rich surface soil layer; and how this change affects seed sprouting, seed-growth performance, and mycorrhizal development that maintain vegetation in these Rocky Mountain forests.  \n\t  \nThe specific purpose of the tree, stump, and downed woody debris study was to describe whether the growth of  trees, and the amount of stumps or dead woody materials varied significantly on a site if it was dozer piled, prescribe burned, or in an unharvested area. Data collection for this portion of the study included measurements on tree and stump size and basal area for all tree species on the plot. It also included measurements in tons per acre of the downed woody debris (fine and coarse), and of the amount of sound and rotten woody debris laying on the ground.There are six separate data publications containing the data collected to examine the effect of management activities on forest soil properties in the Rocky Mountains: I. understory vegetation; II. tree, stump, and downed woody debris data (variable plots and transects); III. soil core data; IV. soil chemistry data; V. burn and soil surface conditions; and VI. microsite data.\n\t  \nData were originally published on 08\/04\/2021. Minor metadata updates were made on 09\/27\/2021.","keyword":["biota","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Forest & Plant Health","Botany","Soil","Brown's transects","canopy vegetation","coarse woody debris","downed woody debris","fine woody debris","fuels management","logs","rotten wood","stump measurements","stumps","tree measurements","variable plot","Arizona","Idaho","Montana","Boise National Forest","Helena\/Deerlodge National Forest","Lolo National Forest","Nez Perce National Forest","Payette National Forest","Salmon National Forest","Targhee National Forest"],"spatial":"-116.95386,44.07600,-111.52080,48.58800","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0063","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0063","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-09-27"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Effect of management activities on forest soil properties in the Rocky Mountains: III. Soil core data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0064","description":"As the demand for forest products and the ability to utilize more fiber increases, less material is being left on the forest floor after harvesting and salvage operations. These operations, in combination with past practices of slash disposal and site preparation, have effectively reduced organic material in and on the forest floor, making coarse woody debris (CWD) management critical (Harvey et al. 1987). CWD is such an important component of a functioning ecosystem that a portion of this material must be maintained after fuels are removed to uphold forest productivity. \n\nSite preparation when applied (hand or mechanical methods) in the western United States often has two objectives: 1) modify the soil, litter, or surface vegetation to create microclimates that favor the establishment and growth of desired tree species and 2) to remove excess surface fuel to decrease the fire hazard. Between 1989 and 1992, data were collected from 11 national forests across the Rocky Mountains (Idaho, Montana, and Airzona) in moist and dry mixed conifer and ponderosa pine forests to address the effects of soil modifications. Depending on the forest, the study sampled stands that were harvested and followed by either no site preparation, such as in the case of whole-tree harvest, prescribed fire, or dozer pile site preparation. Each harvested stand also was paired with an adjacent untreated stand on a similar aspect, slope, and habitat type.\n\nThis data publication contains soil core data on the following soil horizons: litter, humus, buried wood residue, shallow mineral soil (0 to 10 centimeters (cm)) and deep mineral soil (> 10 cm up to 30 cm). Measurements taken for each data point included layer thickness, percent organic matter, number of mycorrhiza in each horizon (counted later in the laboratory), root weight, moisture content, pH, habitat type, and silvicultural treatment.The overall purpose of this study was to determine how management practices, such as burning, machine piling, scarifying, and scalping, change the character of the organic-rich surface soil layer; and how this change affects seed sprouting, seed-growth performance, and mycorrhizal development that maintains vegetation in these Rocky Mountain forests.  \t  \n\t  \nThe specific purpose of the soil core samples taken in this portion of our study was to determine how management treatments affected physical and chemical soil properties in five distinct layers of the soil surface including litter, humus, buried wood residue, shallow mineral soil (0 to 10 centimeters (cm)) and deep mineral soil (> 10 cm up to 30 cm). These data, along with the soil chemistry, allowed for a more complete analysis of soil changes due to silvicultural treatment than soil chemistry alone. This study was designed, and the soil data from undisturbed sites was specifically used, to provide recommendations for how much CWD should be left in 14 specific habitat types where timber harvesting and prescribed burns were conducted. The objective was to provide managers with initial recommendations for how CWD should be managed to maintain long-term forest productivity in different forest types of the Rocky Mountains.There are six separate data publications containing the data collected to examine the effect of management activities on forest soil properties in the Rocky Mountains: I. understory vegetation; II. tree, stump, and downed woody debris data (variable plots and transects); III. soil core data; IV. soil chemistry data; V. burn and soil surface conditions; and VI. microsite data.\n\t  \nData were originally published on 08\/04\/2021. Minor metadata updates were made on 09\/24\/2021.","keyword":["geoscientificInformation","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Fire","Fire ecology","Fire effects on environment","Soil","broadcast burning","charcoal","coarse woody debris","disturbance (effect on organic matter)","disturbance (effect on soil fauna)","disturbance (effect on soil)","fire effects (soil fauna) litter","fire effects (soil)","fungi","invertebrates","humus","mechanical disturbance (dozer)","mineral soil","mycorrhiza","organic layers","soil flora","soil wood","Arizona","Idaho","Montana","Boise National Forest","Helena\/Deerlodge National Forest","Lolo National Forest","Nez Perce National Forest","Payette National Forest","Salmon National Forest","Targhee National Forest"],"spatial":"-116.95386,44.07600,-111.52080,48.58800","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0064","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0064","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-09-24"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Effect of management activities on forest soil properties in the Rocky Mountains: IV. Soil chemistry data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0065","description":"This data publication contains chemical results from soil samples collected in a study that was designed to determine how mechanical site preparation and prescribed fire treatments affected the understory vegetation, conifer establishment and growth, and soil physical and chemical properties of each forest. These data were collected in summer months over a five-year period (1989-1993) from 11 national forests located in Montana, Idaho, and Arizona. The treatments (listed by treatment code) applied to the sites included the following: 1 = bole removed followed by broadcast burn, 2 = bole removed followed by dozer or grapple pile, 3 = control (undispersed), 4 = whole tree removal (only in 1990 Helena\/Deerlodge Forest), and 9 = burned only. Not every treatment was used in each forest.\t    \n\nThe data in this package focus on results of the chemical analysis of soil cores at each site. Every forest is different when it comes to soil types and nutrient contents in soil. Nutrient levels in the soil also vary from year to year; and treatments of burning, or removal of downed woody debris by mechanical means, can have a significant effect on the resulting soil chemistry and soil properties. \n\nChemical analyses provide an index of nutrient availability or nutrient supply in a given soil at a given time; and the soil extract is designed to evaluate a portion of the nutrients from the same \"pool\" used by the plant. Chemical analysis can be used to predict the probability of obtaining a profitable response to fertilizer application or to the addition of extra nutrients. Chemical testing also allows managers to know which nutrients and chemicals are in sufficient supply for tree growth and restoration and which elements have been depleted because of disturbance or management activities. A proper soil test can help ensure the application of enough fertilizer to meet the requirements of growing trees while taking advantage of the nutrients already present in the soil. It is important for managers to follow certain recommended steps for soil sampling and testing to develop a fertility management program. \n\nIn this study, chemical analyses were employed to determine the fertility of soils in the 11 national forests in Idaho, western Montana, and Arizona. These soils had all undergone different treatments to reduce biomass (see list above) and were subjected to major disturbance during the process. Samples were collected and analyzed for the proportion of carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen remaining in the soil. They were also tested for the proportion of cations, including magnesium (Mg cmol+\/Kg), calcium, and potassium. Data within this data publication include stand number, plot type, composite number (from combining like locations), and the soil horizon from which the sample was taken, in addition to the chemical results.The overall purpose of this study was to determine how management practices, such as burning, machine piling, scarifying and scalping, change the character of the surface soil layer, which is rich in organic materials; and how this change affects seed sprouting, seed-growth performance, and mycorrhizal development that maintains vegetation in these Rocky Mountain forests.  \n\t  \nThe specific purpose of the soil-core chemical analyses was to measure the nutrient capacity of these soils after the management treatments on several different forest types. When compared with local control plots, these results would provide a perspective on how removal of the organic  materials during treatment affected nutrient availability for biological processes underground. It allowed researchers to make recommendations on how to best maintain nutrients for long-term forest soil productivity in the different forest types of these national forests.There are six separate data publications containing the data collected to examine the effect of management activities on forest soil properties in the Rocky Mountains: I. understory vegetation; II. tree, stump, and downed woody debris data (variable plots and transects); III. soil core data; IV. soil chemistry data; V. burn and soil surface conditions; and VI. microsite data.\n\t  \nData were originally published on 08\/04\/2021. Minor metadata updates were made on 09\/24\/2021.","keyword":["geoscientificInformation","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Soil","fuels management","soil chemistry","soil horizons","ash","mineral","organic matter","soil nutrients","Arizona","Idaho","Montana","Boise National Forest","Helena\/Deerlodge National Forest","Lolo National Forest","Nez Perce National Forest","Payette National Forest","Salmon National Forest","Targhee National Forest"],"spatial":"-116.95386,44.07600,-111.52080,48.58800","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0065","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0065","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-09-24"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Effect of management activities on forest soil properties in the Rocky Mountains: V. Burn and soil surface conditions","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0066","description":"This data publication describes the burn characteristics and soil alterations that occurred on soil surfaces in Rocky Mountain national forests during silvicultural treatments on fixed plots. These data were collected over a five-year period (1989-1993) from 11 national forests located in Montana, Idaho, and Arizona. At each site, the degree of soil surface damage from burning and the amount of soil disturbance from piling and harvest procedures was estimated to determine how the soil surface itself was affected by each treatment. The treatments (listed by treatment code) applied to the sites included the following: 1 = bole removed followed by broadcast burn, 2 = bole removed followed by dozer or grapple pile, 3 = control (undispersed), 4 = whole tree removal (only in 1990 Helena\/Deerlodge Forest), and 9 = burned only. Not every treatment was used in each forest.\n\t  \nThis package includes only data on soil surface conditions at each sample location. It includes visual estimates of the percentage of plot burned and the percentage of burn in each severity class across the plot. Soil compaction, displacement, and mixing were also visually estimated to describe the mechanical changes that occurred on the soil surface during treatment.\n\nThe original intent of the study was to summarize the data to an individual stand so returning to each stand for additional sampling in subsequent years was not planned and plot locations were not permanently marked. However, written or diagrammed descriptions of the location of each sample site exist on the sample forms. These descriptions are included with these archived data in case there is a future need to return to the sample areas.The overall purpose of this study was to determine how management practices, such as burning, machine piling, scarifying, and scalping, change the character of the organic-rich surface soil layer; and how this change affects seed sprouting, seed-growth performance, and mycorrhizal development that maintains vegetation in these Rocky Mountain forests. \n\t  \nThe specific purpose of collecting the burn and soil surface data was to create a more complete picture of the effects of treatments so that recommendations created for managers could more accurately describe the treatment damage.There are six separate data publications containing the data collected to examine the effect of management activities on forest soil properties in the Rocky Mountains: I. understory vegetation; II. tree, stump, and downed woody debris data (variable plots and transects); III. soil core data; IV. soil chemistry data; V. burn and soil surface conditions; and VI. microsite data.\n\t  \nData were originally published on 08\/04\/2021. Minor metadata updates were made on 09\/24\/2021.","keyword":["biota","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Fire ecology","Fire","Forest & Plant Health","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Soil","burn severity","soil disturbance","Arizona","Idaho","Montana","Boise National Forest","Helena\/Deerlodge National Forest","Lolo National Forest","Nez Perce National Forest","Payette National Forest","Salmon National Forest","Targhee National Forest"],"spatial":"-116.95386,44.07600,-111.52080,48.58800","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0066","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0066","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-09-24"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Effect of management activities on forest soil properties in the Rocky Mountains: VI. Microsite data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0067","description":"This data publication contains measurements from a field study that was designed to determine how mechanical site preparation and prescribed fire treatments affected the understory vegetation, conifer establishment and growth, and soil physical and chemical properties in each of 11 national forests located in Montana, Idaho, and Arizona. These data were collected over a five-year period (1989-1993). The treatments (listed by treatment code) applied to the sites included the following: 1 = bole removed followed by broadcast burn, 2 = bole removed followed by dozer or grapple pile, 3 = control (undispersed), 4 = whole tree removal (only in 1990 Helena\/Deerlodge Forest), and 9 = burned only. Not every treatment was used in each forest.\n \nThe data for this portion of the study is from the microsite, which is a small (3 inch) circular area placed within each stand boundary. Used in conjunction with the vegetation and tree\/stump data in this archive collection, the microsite gives a more complete picture of the soil surface conditions to the manager for each treatment type. The microsite data itself contains descriptions and percent-cover estimates of lifeforms, percentages of abiotic components on the soil surface, shade directions at the microsite, and estimates of a range of burn severities across the small area.\n\nThe original intent of the study was to summarize the data to an individual stand so returning to each stand for additional sampling in subsequent years was not planned and plot locations were not permanently marked. However, written or diagrammed descriptions of the location of each sample site exist on the sample forms. These descriptions are included with these archived data in case there is a future need to return to the sample areas.The overall purpose of this study was to determine how management practices, such as burning, machine piling, scarifying, and scalping, change the character of the organic-rich surface soil layer; and how this change affects seed sprouting, seed-growth performance, and mycorrhizal development that maintains vegetation in these Rocky Mountain forests.  \n\t  \nThe specific purpose of the microsite data was to describe how severe the disturbance from treatment was and how it affected the surface soil layer. That is, how cutting and\/or burning affected the abiotic components, shade availability, and scaring of the soil surface. It allowed researchers to make recommendations on how to best maintain, or restore, soil surface conditions for long-term forest soil productivity in the different forest types of these national forests.There are six separate data publications containing the data collected to examine the effect of management activities on forest soil properties in the Rocky Mountains: I. understory vegetation; II. tree, stump, and downed woody debris data (variable plots and transects); III. soil core data; IV. soil chemistry data; V. burn and soil surface conditions; and VI. microsite data.\n\t  \nData were originally published on 08\/04\/2021. Minor metadata updates were made on 09\/24\/2021.","keyword":["biota","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Fire ecology","Fire","Forest & Plant Health","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Soil","abiotic cover on soil surface","burn severity","lifeforms on soil surface","shade direction","Arizona","Idaho","Montana","Boise National Forest","Helena\/Deerlodge National Forest","Lolo National Forest","Nez Perce National Forest","Payette National Forest","Salmon National Forest","Targhee National Forest"],"spatial":"-116.95386,44.07600,-111.52080,48.58800","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0067","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0067","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-09-24"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Estimating fuel moisture in grasslands using UAV-mounted infrared and visible light sensors: Field data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0070","description":"This data publication consists of the weight before and after drying, along with other relevant information, of 120 grass plots at the Mazama Meadows site near Olympia, Washington on 09\/22\/2020. Each plot was destructively sampled and broken into three sample types roughly defined as: live (live vegetation), top (vegetation greater than 1 foot tall), and bottom (rest of the vegetation). Together these three samples represent the entire plot. These data were collected in order to characterize the \"ground truth\" for fuel moisture right after overhead imagery were collected from two unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) flights at 9:34am and 2:56pm. Also included is a shapefile containing the geolocated polygons for each grass plot.Together with the SWIR data (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0072) and the MicaSense data (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0071), these data were used in a study to investigate creating a spatially-explicit moisture input for fire models. A model was developed using the imagery data to predict the moisture collected in the field.Original publication date was 09\/23\/2021. Minor metadata updates were made on 10\/05\/2021 and 10\/20\/2021.","keyword":["biota","environment","UAV","unmanned aerial vehicle","wildfire","infrared","remote sensing","MicaSense","wildfire modeling","fuel moisture","fire fuels","Fire","Fire detection","Fire ecology","Fire suppression, pre-suppression","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Assessments","Biometrics","Techniques","Washington"],"spatial":"-122.98542,46.81862,-122.98474,46.81895","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0070","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0070","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-10-20"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Estimating fuel moisture in grasslands using UAV-mounted infrared and visible light sensors: MicaSense remote sensing data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0071","description":"This data publication consists of the complete set of raw images, orthomosaics created from these images, and ground control points (GCPs) from two unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) flights over the Mazama Meadows site near Olympia, Washington on 09\/22\/2020. There are single-band images in five wavelengths - red, green, blue, red edge, and near infrared collected using a MicaSense RedEdge camera from the flights at 9:34am and 2:56pm. The drone flew at 3 meters per second at a height of 16 meters and the images were recorded once per second.Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) fire behavior models have the potential to substantially improve decision support systems for wildland fire management in the United States, but satisfactory fuel inputs and training datasets are impediments to model development. These data were collected to help address the need for continuous fuels maps of fuel moisture across burn areas. Together with the short-wave infrared (SWIR) data (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0072) and the field moisture data (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0070), these data were used in a study to investigate creating a spatially-explicit moisture input for fire models. A regression model was developed using the imagery data to predict the moisture collected in the field.Original publication date was 09\/23\/2021. Minor metadata updates were made on 10\/05\/2021 and 10\/20\/2021.","keyword":["biota","environment","UAV","unmanned aerial vehicle","wildfire","infrared","remote sensing","MicaSense","wildfire modeling","fuel moisture","fire fuels","Fire","Fire detection","Fire ecology","Fire suppression, pre-suppression","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Assessments","Biometrics","Techniques","Washington"],"spatial":"-122.98565,46.81848,-122.98453,46.81906","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0071","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0071","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-10-20"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Estimating fuel moisture in grasslands using UAV-mounted infrared and visible light sensors: Tau remote sensing data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0072","description":"This data publication consists of the complete set of raw images, orthomosaics created from these images, and ground control points (GCPs) from two unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) flights over the Mazama Meadows site near Olympia, Washington on 09\/22\/2020. There are single-band images for five wavelengths in visible and infrared collected using a MicaSense RedEdge camera, and one band in short-wave infrared (SWIR) collected using a FLIR Tau camera flown concurrently on flights at 9:34am and 2:56pm. The drone flew at 3 meters per second at a height of 16 meters and the images were recorded once per second.Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) fire behavior models have the potential to substantially improve decision support systems for wildland fire management in the United States, but satisfactory fuel inputs and training datasets are impediments to model development. These data were collected to help address the need for continuous fuels maps of fuel moisture across burn areas. Together with the MicaSense data (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0072) and the field moisture data (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0070), these data were used in a study to investigate creating a spatially-explicit moisture input for fire models. A regression model was developed using the imagery data to predict the moisture collected in the field.","keyword":["biota","environment","UAV","unmanned aerial vehicle","wildfire","infrared","remote sensing","MicaSense","wildfire modeling","fuel moisture","fire fuels","Fire","Fire detection","Fire ecology","Fire suppression, pre-suppression","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Assessments","Biometrics","Techniques","Washington"],"spatial":"-122.98565,46.81848,-122.98453,46.81906","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0072","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0072","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-10-20"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04"],"programCode":["010:164"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Data from seed trapping around post-fire sagebrush patches in southwestern Oregon and southeastern Idaho (2 years and 5 sites)","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0073","description":"Our objective was to determine whether remnant\/unburned sagebrush patches contribute to sagebrush recovery in burned areas surrounding them. We quantified seed rain in relation to patches of sagebrush that were either unburned remnant or had been planted in the first year or so after wildfire. We conducted a seed trapping experiment across 5 different sites in southwestern Oregon and southeastern Idaho during two winters (2018\/2019 and 2019\/2020) to determine seed transport distances. We paired this with a seedling recruitment study on the Soda wildfire where we mapped distances between remnants and seedlings. This data publication includes all seed trapping data from this study which includes seed trap counts, plant characteristics of remnant plants in the patch, location of patches, traps, and plants, and germination tests conducted on trapped seeds.The purpose of this dataset is to explore the contribution of sagebrush island patches to seed rain.For more information about this study and these data see Applestein et al. (2022; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/aobpla\/plac045).\n\t  \nMetadata published on 08\/02\/2021 and data were under embargo. Minor metadata updates made on 10\/12\/2021, 12\/30\/2021, and 06\/28\/2022. On 06\/14\/2023 the data embargo was lifted.","keyword":["biota","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Plant ecology","Fire","Fire effects on environment","Forest & Plant Health","Rangeland plants","sagebrush","post-fire","seed dispersal","land management","aerial seeding","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","Oregon","Idaho","Great Basin","United States"],"spatial":"-121.00000,42.00000,-114.00000,44.00000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0073","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0073","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-06-14"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Fire Behavior Assessment Team: in-fire videos","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0069","description":"This data publication contains in-fire video collected by the Fire Behavior Assessment Team (FBAT) on a subset of wildland fires in the United States from 2003-2019. FBAT collects pre- and post-fire fuels and tree data along with fire behavior measurements on wildland fires. FBAT is an interagency group of primarily Forest Service employees with both monitoring and fireline qualifications which collects pre- and post-fire fuels and tree data along with fire behavior measurements on wildland fires. Logistics (proximity to instrumentation\/crew members), funding, fire activity, and monitoring questions influenced the geographic regions and fires where sampling was attempted, for instance, fuel treatments recorded in the Forest Service Activity Tracking System (FACTS), as well as tree mortality areas, were each targets for FBAT sampling in the past. This publication includes the full in-fire videos (60-85 minutes) for multiple plots on 16 different wildland fires. Also included are multiple short, 30-60 second video clips, taken from the full videos, to highlight the variation in fire behavior observed at each plot. The concept behind these short video clips was to give viewers several samples of the typical fire behavior observed at each plot because the full length videos can be quite long.These data are collected by the FBAT team to document how fire burns in the plots sampled. Estimated fire behavior properties such as fire rate of spread, flame length, flame angle, and fire type can be obtained from these video data. In-fire video of fire spread can also document other characteristics of fire behavior, such as movement through spotting, tree torching events, ember production, and fire whirl development. Some observations relating to various stages of flaming and smoldering combustion can be made depending on the level of smoke obscuring the view, as can gross observations of smoke production.This package was originally published on 08\/03\/2021. On 04\/17\/2024, videos for the 2013 Rim Fire plots 1-4 were added to this publication (see Process Steps for additional information).","keyword":["environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Fire","Fire ecology","Fire effects on environment","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","videos","images","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","United States","California","Montana","Idaho","Arizona","Wyoming","Georgia"],"spatial":"-127.97220,22.76568,-65.25879,51.63280","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0069","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0069","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-04-17"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Urban land, urban tree cover and urban impervious cover by conterminous United States counties from 2010 to 2060","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0075","description":"This data publication presents percent and areal measurement (in square meters) of urban land, urban tree cover and urban impervious cover for circa 2010 and decadal projections to 2060 by conterminous United States (CONUS) counties. In particular this data set incorporates 1990 to 2010 United States Census urban land trend data and photo-interpreted adjustments to 2011 National Land Cover Database (NLCD) Tree Canopy Cover to address underestimation concerns found during analysis of NLCD Tree Canopy Cover. These data support the 2010 Resources Planning Act (RPA) Assessment cycle.The purpose of these data is to help provide projections of future natural resource conditions for analysis, management and planning. In addition, these data sets provide supporting information for several manuscripts (see below).These data were collected and analyzed to provide content for Nowak et al. (2022) and Resources Planning Act work.\n\t  \nPlease note that data are applicable only within the context and time period of this analysis and its supporting data from 1990 to 2011.\n\nOriginal metadata published on 08\/12\/2021. Minor metadata updates made on 08\/27\/2021 and 04\/20\/2023.","keyword":["boundaries","environment","location","planningCadastre","society","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Geography","Environment and People","Urban natural resources management","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","Landscape management","urban land","urban tree cover","urban impervious cover","projected urban land","projected urban tree cover","projected urban impervious cover","RPA Assessment","Resources Planning Act Assessment","conterminous United States"],"spatial":"-124.73000,25.54000,-66.95000,49.38000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0075","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0075","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-04-20"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Payments for forest-based ecosystem services in the United States, 2005-2019","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0076","description":"This data publication includes a comprehensive accounting and estimation of total payments for forest-based ecosystem services to private forest landowners in the 50 United States. These data include payments in terms of real (inflation-adjusted, constant) 2015 dollars and participating acres (where data are available) by state, year, and payment program or market. Payment programs and markets are grouped into mechanism types including public payments, compliance transactions, and voluntary transactions. Ecosystem services are grouped into categories including carbon sequestration and storage, watershed protection and water quality, wildlife habitat, and bundled services. Also included is a user guide that provides a thorough description of data sources and processing and estimation procedures.The objective of compiling, processing, estimating, and summarizing these data is to achieve the most robust and complete accounting of payments for forest-based ecosystem services possible, to provide a comprehensive understanding of the nature, magnitude, and trends of these programs and markets. These data were initially compiled primarily for the purpose of reporting Indicator 6.27: \"Revenue from forest-based environmental services\" within the U.S. National Report on Sustainable Forests (McGinley et al. 2023), which is part of the U.S. commitment to reporting on forest conditions under the Montreal Process. Data were compiled from numerous primary data sources which include administrative data from public programs, registries of offsets\/credits for voluntary and compliance markets, and surveys of market participants.These data were published on 10\/12\/2021. Minor metadata updates were made on 06\/23\/2023 and 06\/05\/2024.","keyword":["economy","environment","society","Climate change","Carbon","Natural Resource Management & Use","Conservation","Economics","Ecosystem services","Forest management","Policies and law","Water","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Habitat management","payments for ecosystem services","payments for environmental services","cost-sharing","financial incentives","conservation programs","cap-and-trade","offset","mitigation banking","trading","conservation easement","carbon","watershed protection","water quality","wildlife habitat","Natural Resources Conservation Service","Farm Service Agency","Fish and Wildlife Service","Forest Service","U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","California Air Resources Board","wetland","stream","hunting","wildlife viewing","United States"],"spatial":"-172.43778,18.91083,-66.94703,71.38889","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0076","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0076","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-06-05"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"County data related to forest dependence and community capitals, 2014-2019","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0077","description":"This data publication includes a compilation of publicly-available county-level data on indicators relating to forest-dependence and community capitals for all states in the United States, including the District of Columbia from 2014-2019. A community\u2019s forest-dependence is defined by its spatial, economic, and cultural relationship with the forest. Community capitals are assets or resources that can be employed to develop communities that are economically, environmentally, and socially sustainable. Together, these data provide information on the extent to which communities that depend on forests for their well-being, livelihoods, quality of life, or cultural identity are able to respond and adapt to social and economic change. The variables were selected because they allow wall-to-wall geographic coverage and come from consistent public sources with a historical track record, which should enable reporting on the health of forest-dependent counties and trends over time. Data include, but are not limited to: location information, various population and education metrics, employment and earnings data for the forest sector and all sectors, forest area, land and water area, percent of forest land used, internet availability, and employment. Also included are identifiers for counties meeting three different forest dependence criterions: spatial relationship, economic dependence, and cultural connection.These data were compiled primarily for the purpose of reporting Indicator 6.38: \"Resilience of forest-dependent communities\" within the U.S. National Report on Sustainable Forests (McGinley et al. 2023), which is part of the U.S. commitment to reporting on forest conditions under the Montreal Process.For more information about these data see Frey et al. (2021).\n\t  \nThis data publication was originally published on 02\/14\/2022. On 01\/04\/2023 and 06\/10\/2024, minor metadata updates were made which included providing additional information for variables as well as updates to citations and website URLs.","keyword":["economy","environment","health","society","utilitiesCommunication","Community development","Economics","Environment and People","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Natural Resource Management & Use","Quality of life","Resource inventory","United States"],"spatial":"172.437778,18.910833,-66.947028,71.388889","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0077","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0077","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-06-10"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"TreeMap 2016: A tree-level model of the forests of the conterminous United States circa 2016","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0074","description":"TreeMap 2016 provides a tree-level model of the forests of the conterminous United States. We matched forest plot data from Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) to a 30x30 meter (m) grid. TreeMap 2016 is being used in both the private and public sectors for projects including fuel treatment planning, snag hazard mapping, and estimation of terrestrial carbon resources. We used a random forests machine-learning algorithm to impute the forest plot data to a set of target rasters provided by Landscape Fire and Resource Management Planning Tools (LANDFIRE: https:\/\/landfire.gov). Predictor variables consisted of percent forest cover, height, and vegetation type, as well as topography (slope, elevation, and aspect), location (latitude and longitude), biophysical variables (photosynthetically active radiation, precipitation, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, relative humidity, and vapour pressure deficit), and disturbance history (time since disturbance and disturbance type) for the landscape circa 2016. \n\t  \nThe main output of this project (the GeoTIFF included in this data publication) is a raster map of imputed plot identifiers at 30\u00d730 m spatial resolution for the conterminous U.S. for landscape conditions circa 2016. In the attribute table of this raster, we also present a set of attributes drawn from the FIA databases, including forest type and live basal area. The raster map of plot identifiers can be linked to the FIA databases available through the FIA DataMart (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2001-FIADB) or to the text and SQL files included in this data publication to produce tree-level maps or to map other plot attributes. The accompanying database files included in this publication also contain attributes regarding the FIA plot CN (or control number, a unique identifier for each time a plot is measured), the subplot number, the tree record number, and for each tree: the status (live or dead), species, diameter, height, actual height (where broken), crown ratio, number of trees per acre, and a code for cause of death where applicable. The dataset has been validated for applications including percent live tree cover, height of the dominant trees, forest type, species of trees with most basal area, aboveground biomass, fuel treatment planning, and snag hazard. Because falling snags cause hazard to firefighting personnel and other forest users, in response to requests from the field, we provide a separate map that provides a rating of the severity of snag hazard based on the density and height of snags. Application of the dataset to research questions other than those for which it has been validated should be investigated by the researcher before proceeding. The dataset may be suitable for other applications and for use across various scales (stand, landscape, and region), however, the researcher should test the dataset's applicability to a particular research question before proceeding.Geospatial data describing tree species or forest structure are required for many analyses and models of forest landscape dynamics. Forest data must have resolution and continuity sufficient to reflect site gradients in mountainous terrain and stand boundaries imposed by historical events, such as wildland fire and timber harvest. The TreeMap 2014 dataset (Riley et al. 2019) was the first of its kind to provide such detailed forest structure data across the forests of the conterminous United States. The TreeMap 2016 dataset updates the TreeMap 2014 dataset to landscape conditions c2016. Prior to this imputed forest data, assessments relied largely on forest inventory at fixed plot locations at sparse densities.See the Entity and Attributes section for details regarding the relationship between the data files included in this publication and the FIA DataMart (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2001-FIADB).\n\t  \nThese data were published on 08\/26\/2021. On 02\/01\/2024, the metadata was updated to include reference to a recently published article and update URLs for Forest Service websites.\n\nFor more information about these data, see Riley et al. (2022).","keyword":["biota","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Forest & Plant Health","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Natural Resource Management & Use","Conservation","Ecosystem services","Forest management","Restoration","Timber","Wilderness","Forest Inventory and Analysis","imputation","LANDFIRE","random forests","tree list","conterminous United States","CONUS"],"spatial":"-128.97722,22.76862,-65.25445,51.64968","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0074","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0074","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-02-01"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Evaluation of physiological responses of balsam fir and red spruce trees growing in two pre-commercial thinned (PCT) and four never-pre-commercial thinned (N-PCT) sites in Maine, USA","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0078","description":"These data contain biochemical parameters that were measured in foliage and sapwood of red spruce (Picea rubens) and balsam fir (Abies balsamea) trees growing at six sites in northern Maine that are part of Maine's Commercial Thinning Research Network (CTRN). Two different types of experiments were conducted by CTRN using a total of 12 sites. In one experiment, two removal intensities (33% and 50%) were applied to six sites at three different timings of entry for thinning (thin immediately, delay thinning by 5 year, or 10 years) that had been previously commercially thinned (PCT). In the second experiment various commercial thinning (CT) methods (low, crown, dominant) were applied at two removal intensities (33% and 50%) to six sites that had not been pre-commercially thinned (N-PCT). Pre-commercial thinning took place in 1983-1985. Commercial thinning treatments began in 2000. We collected samples from the two pre-commercial thinned (PCT) and four N-PCT CTRN sites. Depending upon the site, annual collections of foliage and sapwood were made 1 to 7 years after applying CT treatment. Fifteen randomly chosen red spruce and balsam fir trees were sampled from designated plots (61 meters x 61 meters). Foliar and sapwood data include free polyamines, free amino acids, and soluble ions analyzed by HPLC and ICP-OES. Chlorophyll and soluble protein data analyzed by UV\/VIS spectrophotometry are also included for foliar samples. In total, there are 1500 foliar and 573 sapwood samples included in this dataset.The objectives of the two studies were to: (1) quantify effects of CT timing of entry and thinning intensity in previously PCT stands on stand structure, residual stand growth, merchantable products (sawlog and pulpwood), and financial value and (2) quantify the effects of CT method (low, crown, and dominant) and intensity in older spruce-fir stands that had never received PCT on stand structure, residual stand growth, merchantable products (sawlog and pulpwood), and financial value. \n\nThe overall goal was to use select metabolites as markers of tree health and productivity as influenced by timing of the first commercial thinning entry and the residual density on subsequent stand response.These sites are part of those included in Maine's Commercial Thinning Research Network and are part of a collaborative project with the Cooperative Forestry Research Unit, University of Maine, Orono. \n\t  \nMore site & study information can be found at:\nhttps:\/\/umaine.edu\/cfru\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/224\/2015\/05\/Prospectus-2006-2010.pdf and in the following publications: Ward et al. (2004), Hiesl et al. (2017), and Olson et al. (2014).","keyword":["biota","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Ecology","Landscape ecology","Plant ecology","Forest & Plant Health","Botany","Natural Resource Management & Use","amino acids","balsam fir","chlorophyll","crown type thinning","dominant type thinning","exchangeable ions","foliar physiology","low type thinning","metabolism","nutrients","polyamines","precommercial thinning","red spruce","soluble protein","Maine","Aroostook County","Oxford County","Penobscot County","Washington County","Penobscot Experimental Forest","Magalloway Plantation"],"spatial":"-71.03543,44.80598,-67.80862,45.84020","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0078","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0078","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-08-27"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Fort Valley Experimental Forest G. A. Pearson Natural Area forest restoration site: tree overstory, herbaceous understory, fuels, and repeat photographs database","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0079","description":"This project, which was funded by the Joint Fire Science Program (JFSP), measured the 20+ year post-fire response of vegetation and fuels on a restoration experiment in a ponderosa pine-bunchgrass ecosystem on the Fort Valley Experimental Forest (FVEF) G.A. Pearson Natural Area (GAPNA) near Flagstaff, AZ. In 1992, this replicated experiment was established within an old-growth ponderosa pine forest to evaluate the long-term ecosystem responses of an untreated control and two restoration treatments, which were thinning from below and thinning from below plus prescribed burning. Specifically, we quantified changes in key response variables related to post-fire fuels and plant succession in southwestern ponderosa pine, such as pre- and post-settlement tree structure, understory herbaceous cover and diversity, and surface fuels. We examined the interaction of prescribed fire and drought on tree growth and mortality, herbaceous abundance and diversity over this 28-year period. This data publication includes measurements from 1992-2019 of tree overstory species, tree diameter and tree condition class, herbaceous cover and standing crop by species, forest fuels (Brown transects) for litter plus 1-hour, 10-hour, 100-hour, and 1000 hour fuels. Lastly, this publication also includes high resolution images of the FVEF GAPNA for all pre- and post-burn plots taken in 1992 and 1995-2019.In 1992, this replicated experiment was established to evaluate the long-term ecosystem responses of an untreated control and two restoration treatments: 1) thinning from below and 2) thinning from below with prescribed burning. In 2015, we received a Joint Fire Science grant  to quantify changes in key response variables related to post-fire fuels and plant succession in southwestern ponderosa pine, such as pre- and post-settlement tree structure, understory herbaceous cover and diversity, and surface fuels.These data were published on 08\/31\/2021. Minor metadata updates were made on 05\/15\/2024.","keyword":["biota","environment","tree thinning from below","prescribed fire","ecological restoration","vegetation treatments","herbaceous cover and production","species diversity","vegetation","repeat photography","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Forest & Plant Health","Natural Resource Management & Use","Fort Valley Experimental Forest","G.A. Pearson Natural Area","Arizona","Flagstaff","Coconino National Forest"],"spatial":"-111.74573,35.26779,-111.74135,35.27002","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0079","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0079","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-05-15"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"C-55 Thinning and fertilization in western redcedar (C55 WRC TF)","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0080","description":"C55 is a study of thinning and fertilization implemented in a naturally regenerated, high density stand of primarily western redcedar on a low-site quality area on the Olympic Peninsula in western Washington. The fertilization treatments compared effectiveness of urea and ammonium nitrate (2 nitrogen fertilizers) as well as fertilization treatments which included phosphorus, calcium, potassium and sulfur. This data publication contains the response variables, measured between 1980 and 2005, such as tree height and diameter growth, basal area, regeneration, foliar nutrients, stem taper, crown width, branch diameter and regeneration.Western redcedar is an ecologically important and commercially valuable species but relatively little information has been available on its growth rates in young stands or responses to management.These data were published on 09\/03\/2021. On 08\/04\/2023 metadata updates included a correction to the bounding coordinates and description of geographic extent as well as a few additional minor updates to references.","keyword":["farming","Natural Resource Management & Use","branch diameter","calcium","crown width","fertilization","foliar nutrients","height to live crown","ingrowth","nitrogen","phosphorus","potassium","regeneration","stand growth","stem taper","sulfur","thinning","Thuja plicata","tree diameter","tree growth","tree height","Tsuga heterophylla","western hemlock","western redcedar ","Washington","Picea sitchensis zone","Clallam County","Olympic Peninsula"],"spatial":"-124.571375,48.169967,-124.563217,48.173328","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0080","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0080","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-08-04"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Initial spacing influences 20-year growth and development of red alder","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0081","description":"Red alder (Alnus rubra)(Bong.) seedlings were planted in northwestern Oregon in the winter of 1974-1975 at five spacings ranging from 0.6 \u00d7 1.2 meters (m) to 2.5 \u00d7 2.5 m. The four narrower spacing treatments were planted in a completely random design on 0.04-hectare (ha) plots at exact spacings. Two other plots came from an adjacent area that was used for a test of red alder as a biological control for laminated root rot and planted at an approximate spacing of 2.5 \u00d7 2.5 m. There were originally 7 plots in this study, and 2 additional plots from an adjacent area were also included because they were planted at the same time with the same stock. This data publication contains data such as tree diameter, height, base to live crown, and tree condition which were measured multiple times between 1981 and 1994. In 1990 live and dead branches were counted as well as the count of live epicormic branches and presents of dead epicormic branches. Also included is monthly precipitation data for a nearby NOAA weather station.The trial was initially established adjacent to another trial to determine if a short rotation of red alder or black cottonwood could reduce infection by Phellinus wierii on Douglas-fir. However, these plots were established to study the effects of spacing and rectangularity on growth and stand development of red alder as very little information was available from planted stands.For more information about these data see DeBell and Harrington (2002).","keyword":["farming","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","red alder","Alnus rubra","tree growth","stand growth","tree height","tree diameter","mortality","basal area","volume","spacing trial","rectangularity","northwestern Oregon","Columbia County","Oregon Coast Range"],"spatial":"-123.07,46.02,-123.07,46.02","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0081","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0081","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-09-03"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:32"],"programCode":["005:051"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Data from: Data-driven management \u2014 A dynamic occupancy approach to enhanced rabies surveillance prioritization","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/NWRC-RDS-2021-002","description":"Rabies lyssavirus (RABV) is enzootic in raccoons across the eastern United States. Intensive management of RABV by oral rabies vaccination (ORV) has prevented its spread westward and shown evidence of local elimination in raccoon populations of the northeastern United States. The USDA, Wildlife Services, National Rabies Management Program (NRMP) collaborates with other agencies to implement broad-scale ORV and conducts extensive monitoring to measure the effectiveness of the management. Enhanced Rabies Surveillance (ERS) was initiated during 2005 and updated in 2016 to direct surveillance efforts toward higher-value specimens by assigning points to different methods of encountering specimens for collection (strange-acting, roadkill, surveillance-trapped, etc.; specimen point values ranged from 1 to 15). The data provided are ERS data from 2016\u20132019 spanning from Alabama to Maine. The eastern U.S. was split into two regions: the northeastern U.S. (New York, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine) and the lower eastern U.S. (Alabama, Georgia, Kentucky, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia). Only the counties within the ERS area were included from each state. The two regions were overlayed with a 10 by 10 kilometer grid. The data include the region, grid ID, season, year, surveillance category, state, county, and the number of positive rabies samples as well as the number of total surveillance samples collected.These data were collected as part of the Enhanced Rabies Surveillance program to monitor for the raccoon variant of the rabies virus along the eastern United States.For more information about this study and these data, see Davis et al. (2021).\n\t  \nOriginal publication date was 09\/08\/2021. Metadata updated on 10\/14\/2021 to include citation information for related journal article.","keyword":["biota","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Mammals","detection probability","dynamic occupancy","rabies lyssavirus","raccoon","procyon lotor","science-based management","surveillance","wildlife disease","eastern United States","New York","Vermont","New Hampshire","Maine","Alabama","Georgia","Kentucky","North Carolina","Ohio","Pennsylvania","Tennessee","Virginia","West Virginia"],"spatial":"-88.24,32.30,-66.95,47.46","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/NWRC-RDS-2021-002","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/NWRC-RDS-2021-002","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-10-14"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Dataset of gold-mining related deforestation and formalization in Madre de Dios, Per\u00fa from 2001 to 2014","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0083","description":"A global surge in \u2018artisanal\u2019, small-scale mining (ASM) threatens biodiverse tropical forests and exposes residents to dangerous levels of mercury. In response, governments, and development agencies are investing millions (USD) on ASM formalization; registering concessions and demarcating extraction zones to promote regulatory adherence and direct mining away from ecologically sensitive areas. This data publication contains data used to examine patterns of mining-related deforestation associated with ASM formalization efforts in the Department of Madre de Dios in the Peruvian Amazon. Using satellite images and government-issued spatial layers on mining formalization, we tracked changes in mining activities from 2001 to 2014 when agencies: (a) issued 1701 provisional titles and (b) tried to restrict mining to a > 5000 square kilometer (km\u00b2) \u2018corridor\u2019. The data reported in this publication are based on the centroids of a 25 hectare (ha) hexagon grid covering the 20,850 km\u00b2 study area and includes variables related (1) mining deforestation from years 2001 to 2014, (2) mining concession status, (3) location relative to the mining corridor, as well as (4) location relative to time-invariant variables and access (geology, distance to river), administrative units (district, native communities), and conservation designation (protected areas).Data were compiled and analyzed to examine patterns of mining-related deforestation associated with formalization efforts in the Department of Madre de Dios, Per\u00fa.For more information about this study and these data, see \u00c1lvarez-Berr\u00edos and L'Roe (2021).","keyword":["environment","geoscientificInformation","imageryBaseMapsEarthCover","planningCadastre","Environment and People","Impact of people on environment","Forest & Plant Health","Human effects","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Assessments","Natural Resource Management & Use","Mining & mineral resources, oil & gas","biodiversity","land use","land rights","Peru","Per\u00fa","Amazon","Madre de Dios"],"spatial":"-70.847343,-13.342110,-68.652837,-12.257271","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0083","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0083","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-09-09"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Long-term comparison of stem growth of outplanted longleaf pines grown in six kinds of container","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0082","description":"This data publication contains a collection of growth data from a young longleaf pine plantation on the Palustris Experimental Forest in central Louisiana where the seedlings started life in six different types of containers. Container treatments included 3 cavity sizes (small, medium, and large) and 2 different cavity coatings (with and without copper oxychoride coating). Seedlings were planted in the spring of 2004 in the six different containers and maintained in a greenhouse until November 2004, when 64 seedlings were planted into each of 24 plots at 2 x 2 meter (m) spacing at the Palustris Experimental Forest. Height and diameters at breast height were assessed at the end of each year from 2005 through 2013, and then again in 2019. Lean of stem from a vertical position was also recorded from 2009-2013.The original study was meant to investigate how seedlings from six different container types would grow in the field in terms of resistance to toppling and growth in general. This dataset is just the growth part of the data collected so that it might be used in modelling or other examination of young longleaf pine growth using modern practices.","keyword":["environment","Forest & Plant Health","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","growth","yield","longleaf pine","Pinus palustris","container types","container stock","young stands","Palustris Experimental Forest","Rapides Parish","Louisiana","Johnson Tract","Turnage Road"],"spatial":"-92.66842,31.16180,-92.66440,31.16820","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0082","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0082","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-09-09"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Weather data for Douglas-fir seed-source movement trial","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0085","description":"Data for this study were collected from 64 sensors spread across 9 sites, in Oregon and Washington, representing a range of climates. Air temperature, soil temperature, precipitation, and soil moisture were recorded on 30 minute intervals from approximately the end of 2008 through the early part of 2019. These data consist of site averages for sensors recording the same type of weather data, for a given time, at the same depth (for soil data), along with cleaned data which imputed missing data with interpolated hourly data from local data when time gaps were smaller than a day, or the nearest five weather stations from the National Centers for Environmental Information Integrated Surface Dataset network when time gaps were more than a day. These weather data were collected as part of the Douglas-fir seed-source movement trial (DF-SSMT) that began in 2008 in Oregon, Washington, and California. The DF-SSMT is a reciprocal transplant study designed to determine seed-source response of young Douglas-fir trees to changes in climate.These data were collected as part of a reciprocal transplant study of Douglas-fir. These data were used in combination with estimates of seed-source climate to determine phenological, and trait responses to site and seed-source climates for young Douglas-fir trees. Phenological responses studied were, timing of budburst and budset, timing of diameter and height growth. Trait responses studied were cold hardiness, annual diameter and height growth, annual change in taper, and taper over time.","keyword":["farming","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","air temperature","soil temperature","soil moisture","precipitation","Douglas-fir","Pseudotsuga menziesii","Oregon","Washington"],"spatial":"-124.355,42.34879,-122.007,46.94841","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0085","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0085","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-09-17"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Stream chemistry and quality control data for watersheds 2 and 7 (starting 1972) at Coweeta Hydrologic Lab, North Carolina","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0086","description":"These data include weekly stream chemistry with quality control data and monthly ion export for two watersheds at Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory in Macon County, North Carolina, USA. The station is operated by the Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service. Data include chemistry and ion export for the following stream gages and years: WS02 (1972-2017) and WS07 (1972-2017).The Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory was established in 1934 and is world-renowned for its research in forest hydrology. Coweeta was established to determine the fundamental effects of forest management on soil and water resources and to serve as a testing ground for theories in forest hydrology. To facilitate this, a network of high- and low- elevation experimental watersheds were established across the site. Streamflow from watersheds is gaged with 90-degree or 120-degree V-notch weirs every five minutes. Approximately half of the watersheds serve as \u201creferences\u201d with no purposeful disturbance, while the other watersheds serve as \u201cexperimental\u201d and have undergone land management treatments.","keyword":["inlandWaters","Climate change","Climate change effects","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","method detection","quality control","uncertainty","nitrogen","sulfate","long-term monitoring","stream chemistry","streamflow","hydrology","Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory","Coweeta Lab","North Carolina","Macon County","southern Appalachians","Coweeta Basin"],"spatial":"-83.44786,35.06334,-83.43547,35.07387","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0086","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0086","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-09-20"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Overstory tree measurements from a long-term western larch spacing and thinning study in northwestern Montana, 1961-2015","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0087","description":"This data publication contains data for four replicates of a western larch spacing study in northwestern Montana. The core study was established in 1961 and remeasured every five years until 2001, with the exception of 1996. Data were collected again in 2015. The core study measured growth metrics of individual trees based on different thinning treatments and stocking levels. These quantative and qualitative metrics included species, diameter at breast height, tree height, crown dimensions (width, length, base, and height), vigor, crown class, crown density, qualitative damage assessment, and diameter at one bole height.The spacing study was established to develop spacing guides for the management of young western larch for any single or combination of desired end-products. It also sought to determine what effect stocking level, thinning intervals, and shrub competition have on a variety of aspects of western larch growth and health. The study was focused on western larch stands that were approximately ten years old at the start of the study and intended to run for 40 years. The study was measured once more after this initial 40-year tenure in 2015 and is now planned to be maintained for at least 100-years.This core study is referred to as study 496 internally. The study sites are known colloquially as Coram 1, Coram 2, Cottonwood, and Pinkham. This is reflected in many of the data and supplemental materials provided in this data packet. There were several other studies supplementing the core study, see cross-references for more information.\n\t  \nThis data publication was original published on 09\/21\/2021. On 10\/28\/21 the metadata was updated to include reference to another related data publication that is now available.","keyword":["precommercial thinning","spacing","growth and yield","vegetation development","western larch","density management","competition","long-term study","biota","environment","Ecology","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Forest & Plant Health","Forest management","Coram Experimental Forest","northern Rocky Mountains","Montana","Flathead National Forest","Hungry Horse Ranger District","Abbott Creek","Kootenai National Forest","Rexford Ranger District","Pinkham Creek","Lolo National Forest","Seeley Lake Ranger District","Cottonwood Lakes"],"spatial":"-115.12400,47.17400,-113.37500,48.67700","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0087","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0087","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-10-28"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Aboveground biomass in primary and second-growth forests in Hawai\u2018i","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0089","description":"We collected data on trees in five distinct successional forest stand types in the Puna District of Hawai\u2018i Island: secondary succession dominated by native tree Metrosideros polymorpha (\u02bb\u014chi\u02bba); secondary succession dominated by invasive non-native tree Falcataria moluccana (albizia); secondary succession dominated by invasive non-native tree Psidium cattleianum (strawberry guava); mature primary forest dominated by M. polymorpha; and primary succession dominated by young M. polymorpha.\n\t  \nOver the period from December 2011 through July 2013 we sampled 47 plots to collect 18,255 observations on 22 woody species in these stand types. Using observed diameter at breast height (cm) data, we provide calculated values for individual biomass (kg), as well as the sampled stem\u2019s contribution to stems\/ha and basal area\/ha (m\u00b2).Successional processes ultimately determine and define carbon (C) accumulations in forested ecosystems. Although primary succession on wholly new substrate occurs across the globe, secondary succession, often following storm events or anthropogenic disturbance, is more common and is capable of globally significant C accumulations, which can offset anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO\u2082) emissions. In Hawai\u2018i, prior studies have investigated ecosystem development during primary succession on lava flows, including estimates of C mass accumulation. Relatively little is known regarding secondary succession of Hawai\u2018i\u2019s native forests, particularly regarding C mass accumulation. To improve our understanding of this process, we investigated above-ground biomass accumulation by native- and non-native-dominated 2nd-growth forests following deforestation of mature native lowland rainforests in the Puna District of Hawai\u2018i Island. For comparison, we also investigated above-ground biomass by native-dominated early and mature primary growth forests.For more information about this study and these data see Hughes et al. (2022).\n\t  \nThese data were published on 12\/01\/2021. Minor metadata updates were made on 11\/22\/2024.","keyword":["forest succession","Metrosideros polymorpha","forest biomass","second-growth forests","invasive species","deforestation","Psidium cattleianum","Falcataria moluccana","biota","environment","Climate change","Carbon","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Forest & Plant Health","Human effects","Invasive species","Hawaii","Kalapana","Puna District"],"spatial":"-155.02400,19.38710,-155.00600,19.40371","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0089","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0089","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-11-22"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Potential grassland locations of the eastern United States","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0088","description":"This data publication contains a raster digital file of modeled potential grassland locations of the eastern United States, with the 2016 land cover for these locations. Historically, grasslands with limited tree presence were embedded in a matrix of open oak and pine forests in the eastern United States. These ecosystems mostly have been lost to other land uses and closed forests under fire exclusion. The location of the potential extent of eastern grasslands was obtained by applying the random forests and C5.0 classifiers to determine the relationship between topography and wind speed, which are proxies for surface fire frequency, and mapped areas likely to have been grasslands historically. A generalized ruleset was that grasslands occurred at topographic roughness values less than 95 and wind speeds \u2265 3.4 meters per second, which created large fire compartments.Provides a map of potential grassland locations for the eastern United States.These data were originally published on 09\/28\/2021. Metadata was updated on 06\/07\/2022 to include reference to newly published article.\n\t  \nFor more information about these data, see Hanberry and Noss (2022).","keyword":["grassland","savanna","environment","imageryBaseMapsEarthCover","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Natural Resource Management & Use","Landscape management","eastern United States"],"spatial":"-94.95606,22.45326,-64.83087,50.41768","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0088","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0088","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-06-07"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Manitou Experimental Forest hourly meteorology data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0001-3","description":"This data publication contains hourly meteorological data collected at the Manitou Experimental Forest (MEF) near Woodland Park, Colorado from 06\/18\/1998 through 06\/26\/2021. Data include hourly average air temperature, relative humidity, dew point, wind speed and direction, air pressure, net radiation (shortwave and longwave, incoming and outgoing), photosynthetic photon flux density, soil temperature and soil water content at 5, 20, and 50 centimeter depths below the ground, and precipitation.The Manitou Experimental Forest is part of the USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station. Established in 1936, its early research focused on range and watershed management. Currently, diverse research at the site expands our knowledge of the ecology and management of Colorado Front Range forests.Additional information about the Manitou Experimental Forest can be found at https:\/\/www.fs.usda.gov\/rmrs\/experimental-forests-and-ranges\/manitou-experimental-forest.\n\nThe first edition of these data was published in 2011 (Asherin 2011). The second edition included the additional of data through 2018 and corrections to data errors found in 5 and 50 centimeter ground temperature measurements (Asherin 2016). This third edition (1) repairs sensor errors in wind speed, photosynthetic photon flux density, and soil temperature, (2) removes erroneous data from wind speed as well as a few data points from soil temperature, (3) adds additional sensors installed in 2020 for atmospheric pressure, net radiation (shortwave and longwave, incoming and outgoing), and soil temperature and soil water content, (4) adds precipitation from the upgraded sensor at the CO21 NADP site installed in 2019, (5) adds dew point which was derived from air temperature and relative humidity, and (6) converts all units to SI.","keyword":["meteorology","air temperature","relative humidity","PAR","rainfall","ground temperature","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","Climate change","Climatology","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Manitou Experimental Forest","Colorado"],"spatial":"-105.09380,39.10046,-105.09380,39.10046","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0001-3","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0001-3","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-09-29"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Virgin Islands land cover and forest structure","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0091","description":"This data publication contains five raster datasets detailing the land cover and forest structure of the United States Virgin Islands and British Virgin Islands. There are two spatial land cover datasets, provided in multiple formats, that represent land-cover and woody vegetation formations using multi-part Landsat ETM+ scenes centered around the year 2000. Also included is a digital elevation model (DEM) that was created using discrete lidar data collected in 2004. The DEM was created by filtering ground (minimum elevation) and non-ground (mean and maximum elevation) returns to create a bare earth DEM and forest height estimates for the islands of St. John and St. Thomas, United States Virgin Islands. Two additional raster datasets include models that displays the spatial representation of lidar derived (1) dominant co-dominant tree height estimates and (2) above ground biomass estimates for the islands of St. John and St. Thomas, United States Virgin Islands.1. The landcover datasets represent a year 2000 classification for the United States and British Virgin Islands as part of a Caribbean wide effort to develop detailed landuse\/landcover products for the Caribbean region.\n\n2. The lidar DEM was created to provide the USDA Forest Service, International Institute of Tropical Forestry with spatial representation of lidar derived surface elevation estimates for the islands of St. John and St. Thomas, United States Virgin Islands. St. John and St. Thomas were selected as the lidar study area based on the availability of lidar data coverage.\n\n3 & 4. The models were created to provide the USDA Forest Service, International Institute of Tropical Forestry with spatial representation of lidar derived dominant co-dominant tree height estimates and above ground biomass estimates for the islands of St. John and St. Thomas, United States Virgin Islands.\n\nSt. John and St. Thomas were selected as the lidar study area based on the availability of lidar data coverage. The island of St. John (18\u00b022'N, 64\u00b040'W) and the island of St. Thomas (18\u00b021'N, 64\u00b055') are approximately 5,000 and 7,200 hectares in area, respectively, and consist of mountainous topography with elevations ranging from sea level to 387 meters on St. John and 471 meters on St. Thomas. The woody vegetation on both islands is similar to other islands in the Virgin Islands and includes both late and early stage successional forests.These datasets were completed as part of the fullfillment of a Master's of Science degree by Todd Kennaway within the Department of Forest Rangeland and Watershed Stewardship (FRWS) under the College of Natural Resources at Colorado State University. \n\t  \nFor more information about these data see Kennaway et al. (2008).","keyword":["land cover","land use","woody vegetation","classification","Landsat","decision tree","forest type","LiDAR","Toolbox for Lidar Data Filtering and Forest Studies","TIFFS","elevation","morphological filter","mean height","minimum height","topography","regression model","forest structure","biota","elevation","environment","imageryBaseMapsEarthCover","planningCadastre","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Landscape ecology","Forest Products","Bioenergy and biomass","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Resource inventory","Natural Resource Management & Use","Landscape management","Timber","Wilderness","U.S. Virgin Islands","British Virgin Islands","St. Thomas","St. Croix","St. John","Tortola","Virgin Gorda","Anegada"],"spatial":"-65.12196,17.65321,-64.21036,18.78161","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0091","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0091","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-09-30"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Supplemental materials for Beyond blight: Phytophthora root rot under climate change limits populations of reintroduced American chestnut","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/JS-2021-001","description":"This package includes the input files for the LANDIS-II Forest Landscape Model that were used to produce the results reported in the research paper published in Ecosphere \"Beyond blight: Phytophthora root rot under climate change limits populations of reintroduced American chestnut\" (Gustafson et al. 2022). These supplemental materials include input parameter files as well as additional files such as code descriptions, raster images, etc. that were used in the simulations of the Green Ridge State Forest and Savage River State Forest study areas in Maryland.Files were generated to conduct simulation experiments using the LANDIS-II Forest Landscape Model.For more information about this study and these supplemental files see Gustafson et al. (2022).\n\t  \nThis package was published on 10\/14\/2021. On 08\/02\/2022 metadata updated to include reference to newly published article.","keyword":["biota","environment","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","Climate change","Climate change effects","Ecological adaptation","elevated CO2","American chestnut restoration","root rot disease","Phytophthora cinnamomi","Castanea dentata","LANDIS-II","PnET-Succession","Maryland"],"spatial":"-79.3333,39.1667,-78.1667,39.9167","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/JS-2021-001","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/JS-2021-001","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-08-02"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Cover and density data of southwestern ponderosa pine understory plants in permanent chart quadrats (2002-2020+)","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0092","description":"This data publication includes cover and density data collected on 101 permanent 1 meter (m) x 1 m (1-m\u00b2) quadrats located within southwestern ponderosa pine ecosystems near Flagstaff, Arizona, USA. Individual plants in these quadrats were identified and mapped annually for 21 years (2002-2022), and we plan to add data as we continue to survey these quadrats in the future. The original chart quadrats were established between 1912 and 1927. We provide the following data and data formats: (1) digitized maps of all plant locations in shapefile and geodatabase format, (2) shapefiles showing annual locations of each individual plant species, (3) exported annual maps of each quadrat in TIFF and PDF format, (4) annual basal area of each species per quadrat for species mapped as polygons, (5) tabular representation of polygon areas and centroid locations for plant species mapped as polygons, (6) tabular representation of point locations for plant species mapped as points, (7) plot-scale 20 m x 20 m overstory tree canopy cover, tree basal area, parent material, and elevation, (8) quadrat-scale information (e.g., quadrat site and number, coordinates in UTM Zone 12 and latitude\/longitude, and descriptive comments for each quadrat), (9) plant species list, (10) summary of plant species observed in each quadrat, (11) summary of quadrats mapped by site and year, and (12) data formatted for use in Integral Projection Models (IPM) and plant population analyses.The original chart quadrats were established to determine the effects of domestic livestock grazing on herbaceous plants and pine seedlings. Today these data provide opportunities to examine the effects of climate and land-use change on plant demography, population dynamics, and community processes.For more information about this study and these data see Moore et al. (2022, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ecy.3661). All associated novel code files are permanently archived in a Zenodo repository (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.7581946).\n\t  \nThese data were originally published on 11\/18\/2021. On 03\/30\/2022 data for 2021 were added to this package and minor metadata updates were made. New data include all surveys conducted in 2021, a repair for Fry Park Quadrat 30739 in which it was incorrectly rotated in 2018, 2019 and 2020, and new single-species shapefiles for 2021. We added a recently-discovered 2011 survey record for Wild Bill Quadrat 114. We have also resymbolized plant distributions, and expanded some comments, in all the quadrat map TIFF images and the associated PDF map compilation. \n\nOn 02\/16\/2023, data for 2022 were added to this package and five previous data-entry errors were found and fixed. Specifically, on Plot 30719 [2019] we fixed the location of one observation of Gutierrezia sarothrae. On Plot 30739 [2019] plants misidentified as Elymus elymoides were corrected to Eremogone fendleri. On Plot 107 [2019] we fixed the location of one observation of Pinus ponderosa. On Plot 119 [2019] plants misidentified as Poa fendleriana were corrected to Festuca arizonica. On Plot 125 [2020] plants misidentified as Antennaria parvifolia were corrected to Antennaria rosulata. We have also resymbolized plant distributions in all the quadrat map TIFF images and the associated PDF map compilation.","keyword":["biota","environment","Climate change","Climate change effects","Ecological adaptation","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Plant ecology","Forest & Plant Health","Botany","Climate effects","Human effects","Rangeland plants","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Natural Resource Management & Use","Range management & grazing","chart quadrat","demography","forbs","long-term study","graminoid","population dynamics","Arizona","Fort Valley Experimental Forest","Coconino National Forest"],"spatial":"-111.84,35.45,-111.55,35.07","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0092","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0092","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-02-17"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Responses of woody and grassland ecosystems to increased carbon dioxide as water supply varies","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0093","description":"This publication contains data used to explore how woody and grassland ecosystems respond to interactions of elevated carbon dioxide concentration (eCO\u2082) manipulated by experiments and water supply. This study included data, collected between 1989 and 2016, from 14 long-term ecosystem-scale CO\u2082 experiments in the United States, Switzerland, and Australia. Data include annual measurements of aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) under ambient CO2 concentration (ANPPa) and under higher CO2 treatments (ANPPe), enhancement ratio (EAPP = ANPPe\/ANPPa), annual precipitation, growing season precipitation, mean annual temperatures, leaf area indices, enhancement ratios of LAI (ELAI), mean precipitation of the site (MAP), mean enhancement ratio of the site (EANPPAV), enhancement ratios (EAPP) of C3 and C4 plants, enhancement ratios after adjusting experimental CO2 levels to 550 ppm, and modeling results of the Farquhar model. Some of above data are directly accessible from the journal website, others are archived in this package.Free-air CO\u2082 enrichment (FACE) experiments and open-top chamber (OTC) systems have been used for many years to investigate in situ responses of intact plant communities to eCO\u2082 at ecosystem scales. Published results indicate that, for a ~50% increase in CO\u2082 concentration to ~560 ppm, aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) and total net primary productivity `(NPP) in forests increase on average by ~25%. In contrast, results from grassland experiments show that growth responses to eCO\u2082 (~650 ppm) are somewhat less than in forests, with increases in ANPP ranging from 11% to 17%. Across all forest and grassland experiments, stomatal conductance consistently decreased and instantaneous water-use efficiency (WUE) increased by 4% to 44%. However, leaf-level changes did not always lead to ecosystem-scale reductions in total water use or increases in soil moisture because of additional transpiration from increased leaf areas.\n\nAlthough CO\u2082 fertilization might be expected to have a greater effect in xeric ecosystems and in drier conditions where and when the benefits of increased WUE are potentially stronger, evidence from enrichment studies is conflicting. Inconsistencies in eCO\u2082 responses of plants to water availability may reflect variation in other factors, such as soil nutrient availability, light limitation, or indirect effects of eCO\u2082 on leaf area index(LAI) via changes of carbon allocation and soil water. Leaf and root structures and mechanisms for acquiring CO\u2082, water, light, and nutrients vary for different plant life-forms, which may also contribute to differences in eCO\u2082 responses to water availability. \n\nThe purpose of this study was to investigate mechanisms underpinning such inconsistencies.For more information about this study and these data see Pan et al. (2022), which also includes a full description of the original data Supplementary Tables 1-4.\n\t  \nData published on 01\/13\/2022. Minor metadata updates made on 05\/07\/2024, which included updating all references from \"Center Plains Experimental Range\" to the correct name \"Central Plains Experimental Range\".","keyword":["biota","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","environment","Climate change","Carbon","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Plant ecology","Natural Resource Management & Use","Ecosystem services","CO2 fertilization effects","carbon dioxide fertilization effects","water supply","woody ecosystems","grassland ecosystems","United States","Australia","Switzerland","Mojave Desert","Nevada","Rhinelander","Wisconsin","Merritt Island","Florida","Duke Forest Chapel Hill","North Carolina","Oak Ridge National Laboratory","Oak Ridge","Tennessee","Western Sydney, Australia","PHACE","High Plains Grasslands Research Station","Cheyenne","Wyoming","Central Plains Experimental Range","Nunn","Colorado","Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve","California","BioCON Experiment","Cedar","Minnesota","Manhattan","Kansas","TasFACE Experiment","Southeastern Tasmania","Nenzlingen","ETH station","Eschikon"],"spatial":"-123.00000,-43.00000,151.00000,48.00000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0093","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0093","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-05-07"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Eleven Point National Scenic River (EPNSR): Visitor survey data from 2004","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0094","description":"These data describe a visitor use survey administered from May through early September 2004 on the Eleven Point National Scenic River (EPNSR) (n = 266 usable responses) in Oregon County, Missouri. Survey questions included trip characteristics, activity participation, social perceptions, environmental perceptions, management issues, and respondents\u2019 demographic information. Data were collected from users exiting the river at five different locations.This study was conducted to update the previous visitor-use data on the EPNSR by developing user profiles to guide future recreational policies and management decisions. The study also explored factors related to users\u2019 level of place attachment and activity involvement theories.The Eleven Point National Scenic River is also referred to as the Eleven Point River (EPR).\n\t  \nFor information regarding previous studies on the EPNSR see cross-references listed below.","keyword":["boundaries","location","society","planningCadastre","Environment and People","Recreation","Quality of life","Social values, ethics","Comprehensive River Management Plan","National Forest planning","nature-based recreation","place attachment","wilderness visitor use","Wild and Scenic Rivers","Missouri","Oregon County","Eleven Point River","Irish Wilderness","Mark Twain National Forest"],"spatial":"-91.53154,36.51255,-91.17058,36.78759","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0094","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0094","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-10-21"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Eleven Point National Scenic River (EPNSR): Visitor survey data from 2019","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0095","description":"These data describe a visitor use survey administered from February to November 2019 on the Eleven Point National Scenic River (EPNSR) in Oregon County, Missouri. A mail-back survey (n = 298 usable responses) included questions about trip characteristics, respondents\u2019 demographics, activity type, environmental and social perceptions, and opinions regarding policy and management issues. Data were collected from users accessing the river at five different locations.\nThis study was designed to update a visitor profile of those recreating at EPNSR by developing user profiles to guide future recreational policies and management decisions. The study also explored factors related to users\u2019 level of place attachment and activity involvement theories.The Eleven Point National Scenic River is also referred to as the Eleven Point River (EPR).\n\t  \nFor information regarding previous studies on the EPNSR see cross-references listed below.","keyword":["boundaries","location","society","planningCadastre","Environment and People","Recreation","Quality of life","Social values, ethics","Comprehensive River Management Plan","National Forest planning","nature-based recreation","place attachment","wilderness visitor use","Wild and Scenic Rivers","Missouri","Oregon County","Eleven Point River","Irish Wilderness","Mark Twain National Forest"],"spatial":"-91.53154,36.51255,-91.17058,36.78759","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0095","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0095","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-10-21"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:32"],"programCode":["005:051"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Data for \"Responses of turkey vultures to unmanned aircraft systems vary by platform\"","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/NWRC-RDS-2021-003","description":"This data publication includes raw data from 100 unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) field trials at the Erie County Landfill, 10102 Hoover Road, Milan, OH, USA 44846-9711. Data were collected 08 July 2019 \u2013 03 September 2019 and include UAS trial characteristics, bird counts from before and after the trial, focal vulture data, environmental characteristics, time stamps for post processing of flight-initiation distance and UAS speed.To understand turkey vulture response to unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) approach. Turkey vultures are considered a risk to aviation safety and dispersing them in a nonlethal way is of interest for human health and safety.For more information about this study and these data, see Pfeiffer et al. (2021).\n\nThese data were published on 11\/02\/2021. On 11\/5\/2021 metadata was updated to include reference to newly published article (Pfeiffer et al. 2021). Ninety-four videos recorded by the \u201ceye-in-the-sky\u201d UAS of the treatment UAS approaching turkey vultures were added to this package on 01\/27\/2022. In 6 trials, the \u201ceye-in-the-sky\u201d UAS failed to record the interaction (RunNo 3, 17, 32, 91, 92, and 94).","keyword":["biota","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Birds","animal-vehicle collisions","drone","human-wildlife interactions","landfill","scavenger","unoccupied aircraft system","Cathartes aura","Larus argentatus","Larus delawarensis","Ohio"],"spatial":"-82.60274,41.33857,-82.59388,41.34632","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/NWRC-RDS-2021-003","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/NWRC-RDS-2021-003","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-01-27"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Aboveground carbon pools in a long-term western larch spacing and thinning study in northwestern Montana, 2015","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0096","description":"This publication contains data for four replicates of a carbon pool study superimposed on a pre-existing western larch spacing study in northwestern Montana. The original study was established in 1961 and examined different thinning treatments and stocking levels of western larch. Data were collected in 2015 and include carbon content estimations and analyses for hardwoods, snags, coarse woody debris, fine woody debris, forest floor materials, mineral soil, herbaceous plants, and woody understory plants. Data were only collected on non-herbicide plot treatments with the exception of the snag tree data sheet, which collected from both types of plot treatment. Tree carbon pools were calculated using live tree data from the original larch spacing study, therefore tree-level data are not provided here.This study examined how precommercial thinning affects total aboveground carbon storage and distribution among carbon pools. Forests are terrestrial sinks for atmospheric carbon, and it is important to understand the impact that forest density and management has on carbon storage pools, which has important implications on both the ecosystem carbon cycle and carbon sequestration to mitigate climate change. Carbon pools assessed in this study include live tree, understory, woody detritus, forest floor, and mineral soil. Only materials relating to carbon storage are included in this data publication.This study was superimposed on a pre-existing western larch spacing study that was established to examine how different precommercial thinning regimes affect long-term stand yield and tree growth. The original study questions and its materials relate to a long-term western larch spacing study established in 1961. See cross references for more information on the original study and its data.\n\t  \nThis core study is referred to as study 496 internally. The study sites are known colloquially as Coram 1, Coram 2, Cottonwood, and Pinkham. This is reflected in many of the data and supplemental materials provided in this data publication.","keyword":["western larch","precommercial thinning","density management","carbon storage","competition","long-term study","climate change adaptation","climate change mitigation","biota","environment","Climate change","Carbon","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Ecology","Soil","Forest & Plant Health","Natural Resource Management & Use","Agroforestry","Forest management","Montana","northern Rocky Mountains","Flathead National Forest","Hungry Horse Ranger District","Abbott Creek","Coram Experimental Forest","Kootenai National Forest","Rexford Ranger District","Pinkham Creek","Lolo National Forest","Seeley Lake Ranger District","Cottonwood Lakes"],"spatial":"-115.12400,47.17400,-113.37500,48.67700","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0096","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0096","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-10-28"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Raccoon use-availability and oral rabies vaccination (ORV) bait data from the Burlington, Vermont ORV zone","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/NWRC-RDS-2021-004","description":"This data publication contains data used in a simulation model of raccoon movement and oral rabies vaccine seroconversion in an 81 square kilometer study area within an oral rabies vaccination (ORV) zone in greater Burlington, Vermont, USA. Land cover data within the study area correspond to the 30 meter resolution Multi-resolution Land Characteristics Consortium\u2019s National Land Cover Data 2011 (NLCD) reclassified into nine categories: open space and low density development, medium to high density development, deciduous and mixed forest, coniferous forest, shrub and grassland, pasture, crops, wetlands, and other. Resource selection function (RSF) data correspond to RSF coefficients estimated from GPS location data of 25 radio-tagged raccoons tracked in the greater Burlington area, as well as theoretical specialist and generalist cases used in movement and bait distribution simulation modeling. Raccoon habitat use and availability data used in the resource selection function (RSF) analysis are included, along with associated extracted reclassified land cover data. Bait data corresponds to the aggregated oral rabies vaccine bait distribution data for ORV deployment in the study area during 2016 and 2017 accomplished by the USDA-APHIS-Wildlife Services National Rabies Management Program (NRMP). The off-time bait calculator refers to the NRMP baiting delivery algorithm which denotes a percentage of time during which bait delivery is restricted by land cover type; these proportions are reported for each 30 meter resolution grid within the study area.Raccoon GPS location data were collected as part of a larger NRMP ORV-related research project. Oral rabies vaccine bait data were collected as part of the ORV deployment effort in the Burlington vaccination zone. Other derived data products required to parameterize the movement and bait exposure simulation modeling are also included; these are based on bait data, raccoon data, or public domain land cover raster or road vector data.For more information about this study and these data, see McClure et al. (2022).\n\t  \nThese data were originally published on 11\/16\/2021. On 03\/14\/2022 metadata were updated to include complete citation information for newly published article.","keyword":["biota","imageryBaseMapsEarthCover","environment","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Mammals","bait uptake","habitat selection analysis","hand-baiting","individual-based model","movement ecology","oral rabies vaccination (ORV)","rabies virus","raccoons","Procyon lotor","resource selection function (RSF)","wildlife baiting","Vermont"],"spatial":"-73.228304,44.454806,-73.091101,44.552502","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/NWRC-RDS-2021-004","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/NWRC-RDS-2021-004","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-03-14"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Precommercial thinning direct-seeded longleaf pine on a medium site","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0097","description":"A medium longleaf site on the Palustris Experimental Forest, in Louisiana, was direct-seeded in 1961 and then thinned in 1969 using several different levels of thinning. This publication includes tree counts recorded in 1968 and 1969, before and after treatments. Also included are additional tree measurement data, collected in 1974 and then every five years until 2019, such as diameter at breast height for each tree as well as the tree or stand age. For a subset of trees, additional measurements such as height, height to base of live crown, crown class, bark thickness in two directions, and height of trees to 4 different outside bark diameters (2, 4, 6, and 8 inches) are also provided.The original study was meant to be used in in conjunction with other studies on other sites for determining the best thinning method for dense direct-seeded longleaf pine stands.","keyword":["biota","environment","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","Timber","growth and yield","longleaf pine","thinning","direct-seeded","medium sites","Palustris Experimental Forest","Louisiana","Rapides Parish","Longleaf Tract"],"spatial":"-92.62197,31.02107,-92.61633,31.02408","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0097","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0097","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-11-09"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Public Water Systems and populations receiving surface drinking water supply from National Forest System lands","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0098","description":"These data are a summary of Public Water Systems (PWS) and populations receiving surface drinking water supply from National Forest System (NFS) lands managed by the USDA Forest Service in the conterminous United States (CONUS). The PWS in these data include only those receiving some portion of their water supply from NFS lands. To generate these data, unique model input databases were created for each of the 172 NFS units in the CONUS and water supply from each NFS unit and other non-NFS lands were simulated and tracked through the river network using the Water Supply and Stress Index (WaSSI) model while including inter-basin transfers (IBTs). Water supply outputs were then linked to the Environmental Protection Agency\u2019s Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS) database of public surface drinking water intakes. When a PWS had more than one intake, the percentage of the total surface drinking water originating on the individual NFS unit for the public water system was calculated from the total available water and the total water from the individual NFS unit across all intakes for the public water system. Also included are results aggregated across all NFS units in each Forest Service Region.The objectives of this analysis were to (1) estimate how much fresh surface water supply originates from NFS lands, and (2) estimate how many people and which communities receive this fresh surface water supply.These data were published on 11\/30\/2021. A newer edition of these data is now available (Liu et al. 2021, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0098-2). On 09\/20\/2022 the metadata for this first edition was updated to include reference to the newly published General Technical Report by Liu et al. (2022).","keyword":["climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","environment","inlandWaters","utilitiesCommunication","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","Environment and People","Natural Resource Management & Use","Ecosystem services","Water","drinking water","inter-basin transfers","National Forest System","WaSSI","water supply","water yield","conterminous United States","CONUS","National Forests and Grasslands"],"spatial":"-125,25.8,-66.8,49.4","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0098","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0098","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-09-20"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Black locust biomass, growth and nitrogen fixation in southern Appalachian forests","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0099","description":"These data include: 1) percent nitrogen (N) of black locust aboveground biomass across stand age compiled from two studies; 2) the conversion factor from acetylene to N\u2082 fixed (C\u2082H\u2084:N\u2082) determined on 11 black locust trees in 2017 and 2018; 3) black locust density (stems\/ha) data collected from vegetation plots following a forest clear cut; 4) comparison of plot versus tree based methods for sampling black locust nodule biomass at four stands in 2017 and 2018; 5) test of assumption that nodule biomass declines with increasing distance from black locust trees, sampled in 2017 and 2018; 6) black locust nodule biomass expressed on a tree basis from three stand ages, collected in 1981; 7) nodule presence, nodule biomass (g nodule\/tree) and acetylene reduction activity (\u00b5mol C\u2082H\u2084 \/g nodule hr) for 118 black locust trees sampled in 2017 and 2018 along a stand age gradient; 8) black locust density (stems\/ha) in high-density plots collected across three stand ages in 1981; and 9) aboveground biomass of 118 black locust trees and growth for 91 of these trees collected across a stand age gradient in 2017 and 2018. Data were collected in the southern Appalachian hardwood forests in the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory and in the neighboring Nantahala National Forest in North Carolina.Data were collected over a range of black locust ages to quantify nitrogen fixation at the scale of the tree over stand age. Ancillary data were collected to aid in scaling from the tree to the landscape and over time.For more information about this study and these data see Wurzburger et al. (2021).\n\t  \nThese data were published on 11\/23\/2021. Minor metadata updates were made on 06\/22\/2023.","keyword":["biota","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Plant ecology","Soil","Natural Resource Management & Use","Ecosystem services","Forest management","symbiotic nitrogen fixation","black locust","nodule activity","nodule biomass","Robinia pseudoacacia","early-successional forests","chronosequence","forest succession","acetylene reduction activity","aboveground biomass","forest growth","western North Carolina","Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory","Blue Ridge Mountains","Nantahala National Forest","Coweeta Basin","southern Appalachian Mountains","Appalachia"],"spatial":"-83.5973,35.0401,-83.3595,35.2803","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0099","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0099","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-06-22"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Large wildfire Incident Status Summary (ICS-209) report-generated data for the western United States, 2002-2016","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0100","description":"This data publication includes data on wildfire incident identification, location, weather, cause, consequence, and management tactic for wildfires in the western United States greater than 40.5 hectares in size which were reported from 2002-2016. Data are derived from Incident Status Summary (ICS-209) interagency reports from the National Wildfire Coordinating Group database. These data are used to understand how wildland fire management strategies have differed across the western United States in recent years and how management has changed since the 2009 Guidance for Implementation of Federal Wildland Fire Management Policy. Fire weather captured a manager\u2019s intent and allocation of fire management resources relative to burning conditions, where a manager\u2019s desire and ability to suppress is either complemented by fire weather, at odds with fire weather, or put aside due to other priorities.This dataset was analyzed to evaluate how and where the 2009 Guidance for Implementation of Federal Wildland Fire Management Policy affected the application of fire management strategies a decade after its implementation. Our objectives were to explore what effect, if any, the 2009 Policy Guidance had on the strategic response to wildland fires (e.g., full suppression of wildfires versus managing for something other than full suppression or a combination of these options), and to what extent individual fires changed in terms of management duration and area burned. In addition to the area burned by individual fires, we explored what effect, if any, the 2009 Policy Guidance had on total area burned over the course of a fire season.For more information about this study and these data, see Young et al. (2020).","keyword":["environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Environment and People","Decision making, public involvement","Fire","Fire effects on environment","Fire suppression, pre-suppression","Wildland\/urban interface","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","Policies and law","burned area boundaries","decision making","dispersion","fire management strategy","hazards","managed wildfires","policy analysis","resource objective","regression-discontinuity","suppression","wildland fire management","wildfire mitigation","wildland fire policy","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","western United States","Arizona","California","Colorado","Idaho","Montana","Oregon","Nevada","New Mexico","Utah","Washington","Wyoming","Great Basin","Inland Empire","Northwest","Rocky Mountain","Southwest"],"spatial":"-124.40950,31.33320,-102.02433,49.00000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0100","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0100","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-11-17"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04"],"programCode":["010:164"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Plot-level ladder fuel estimation from a suite of remote sensing and field methods","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0101","description":"This data publication includes data collected to evaluate the use of a suite of remote sensing approaches and field measurements to quantify plot-scale ladder fuels in oak woodlands and mixed forests in the same region and relate measurements of ladder fuels to wildfire burn severity. Remote sensing techniques included a terrestrial laser scanner (TLS), a handheld-mobile laser scanner (HMLS), an unoccupied aerial system (UAS) with multispectral camera and Structure from Motion (SfM) processing (UAS-SfM), and an airborne laser scanner (ALS). Field measurements include canopy base height (CBH) and the use of a photo banner and wildfire burn severity estimated via the Relativized delta Normalized Burn Ratio (RdNBR). Additionally, the coordinates for plot center locations and a map of the study are included.While fire is an important ecological process in the western United States, wildfire size and severity have increased over recent decades as a result of climate change, historical fire suppression, and lack of adequate fuels management. Due to the urgency to build ecosystem resilience and reduce risk to life and property in light of future wildfire events, land managers are implementing fuel management programs. Technology used to quantify forest ladder fuels, which bridge the gap between the surface and the canopy and lead to more severe canopy fires, can help inform management treatments to reduce future wildfire risk.For more information about this study and these data see Forbes et al. (2022).\n\t  \nThese data were published on 12\/09\/2021. On 04\/11\/2022 the metadata was updated to include reference to newly published article.","keyword":["ladder fuels","terrestrial laser scanner","handheld-mobile laser scanner","unoccupied aerial system","airborne laser scanner","Structure from Motion","wildfire burn severity","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","biota","elevation","environment","imageryBaseMapsEarthCover","Climate change","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Ecology","Fire","Fire ecology","Forest & Plant Health","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","northern California","Sonoma County","western United States"],"spatial":"-122.74310,38.48575,-122.60792,38.61048","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0101","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0101","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-12-09"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Nebraska windbreaks original plantings (1935-1942)","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0102","description":"Windbreaks, or shelterbelts, are linear tree plantings which provide a variety of ecological functions on the landscape including reducing soil erosion and protecting farmsteads and livestock. The Prairie States Forestry Project began during the Dust Bowl years of the 1930s in an effort to reduce soil erosion taking place in the Great Plains of the United States. This massive undertaking planted nearly 200 million trees from North Dakota to Texas.\n\nThis data publication contains a digital representation of windbreaks in Nebraska that were planted during the Prairie States Forestry Project, 1935-1942. Using original paper section plat maps, the locations of the windbreaks were digitized using current aerial photography (NAIP, USDA-FSA) in a GIS (ArcMap 10.3, ESRI.) Locations were compared visually using landmarks such as roads and farmsteads identified using Public Land Survey System (PLSS) overlay maps. Linear features were drawn as accurately as possible with this information. The data can be viewed as one complete dataset, or by each year only. This data publication also compares the condition of the original windbreak using several years of current imagery. The windbreak can be INTACT, PARTIAL, or MISSING and has been visually reviewed using NAIP imagery for the years 2003, 2010, 2014, and 2016.These data are designed for conducting geospatial analyses and for producing cartographic products. In particular, these data are intended to depict the location of original windbreak (shelterbelt) plantings in Nebraska during the Prairie States Forestry Project (1938-1945.) The locations of these windbreaks can be used to compare with current windbreak locations or any preceding timeframe. There is much interest in current conditions and trends of these plantings and very little information is available. These data provide digital documentation of the Prairie States Forestry Project and can be used to assess general windbreak trends throughout Nebraska as agricultural practices have changed throughout the 20th century and into the 21st.These data were published on 11\/22\/2021. Minor metadata updates were made on 08\/06\/2024.","keyword":["farming","environment","imageryBaseMapsEarthCover","Environment and People","History","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Resource inventory","Natural Resource Management & Use","Agroforestry","Dust Bowl","Prairie States Forestry Project","windbreaks","agroforestry","resource inventory","Nebraska"],"spatial":"-104.12030,39.93915,-96.52308,43.05036","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0102","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0102","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-08-06"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Steamboat Creek and tributaries instantaneous streamflow measurements","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0103","description":"In 1969, Oregon State University George Brown collected streamflow and water temperature data on Steamboat Creek and its tributaries. Steamboat Creek is a tributary to the North Umpqua River and provides habitat for wild anadromous Summer Steelhead, native Cutthroat Trout, and other flora and fauna. The North Umpqua drains the west slope of the Oregon Cascade mountains to the Pacific Ocean. Steamboat Creek has a U.S. Geological Survey stream gage 14316700 at the mouth, with a continuous record of stage (feet) and discharge (cubic feet per second) from 1956 to the present. This data publication includes data measured by Brown: summer, instantaneous discharge or streamflow (cubic feet per second) of Steamboat Creek and more than 8 tributaries. All measurements were at the mouths of tributaries and near tributary confluences on Steamboat Creek. In 1975, Umpqua National Forest personnel measured streamflow on one or more dates during the low flow summer months, continuing annually on up to nine stream sites until present (2023). Also provided are shapefiles containing watershed boundaries and site locations.Brown collected data to characterize riparian vegetation and aquatic habitat for Brown et al. (1971), continued by the Umpqua National Forest for the same purpose during changing watershed conditions, including timber harvest, over the next 50 years.These data were originally published on 11\/23\/2021. On 10\/12\/2022, data for 2021 and 2022 were added, and the data point for Big Bend on 10\/09\/2020 was corrected to 12.66 (originally this value was reported as 12.51). On 01\/10\/2024, data for 2023 were added.","keyword":["biota","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Natural Resource Management & Use","Water","discharge","logging","streamflow","temperature","watershed management","Oregon","Umpqua National Forest"],"spatial":"-122.73014,43.34984,-122.58253,43.51174","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0103","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0103","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-01-10"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Green stormwater infrastructure in New Haven, Connecticut and socioeconomic variables within neighborhoods and census block groups","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0104","description":"Green infrastructure increasingly is used to ameliorate water quality and quantity problems caused by runoff in cities. Studies show how the spatial distribution of these Green Stormwater Infrastructure (GSI) sites are unevenly distributed relative to socioeconomic and demographic groups. Often this is described as an indicator of perpetuated environment injustice, given the purported social and environmental benefits of GSI. To assess equity, researchers often examine either who gets what with respect to environmental \u2018goods\u2019 such as tree canopy and other green infrastructures, or investigate the procedures, decision making processes, and power structures pertaining to planning processes. \n\t  \nThe data publication contains GSI location data collected from 2013-2021. It also contains information regarding who lives in nearby New Haven, Connecticut. Specifically, these data include four (4) vector polygon shapefiles representing census block groups, neighborhoods, sewer, and watershed outlines and two (2) point shapefiles representing green infrastructure and combined sewer overflow locations. An R Markdown (.rmd) file is also included containing analysis steps.The intention of providing these data is to accelerate and enable other future researchers interested in GSI and Environmental Justice, and to allow students to access data for use in classes in geographic information systems, urban studies, statistics, environmental justice, and related.For more information about this study and these data see Locke et al. (2021).","keyword":["urban ecology","green infrastructure","GI","green stormwater infrastructure","GSI","environmental justice","EJ","spatial analysis","boundaries","environment","structure","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Geography","Environment and People","Decision making, public involvement","Social values, ethics","Urban natural resources management","New Haven","Connecticut"],"spatial":"-72.99805,41.24644,-72.86031,41.35039","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0104","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0104","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-01-27"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Trask River Watershed Study: Epilithic algal biomass and chlorophyll a concentrations, 2006-2016","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0001","description":"These data are a portion of the larger Trask River Watershed Study which was conducted in the East Fork of the South Fork Trask River of the Coast Range of western Oregon. Basin-wide surveys of epilithic benthic communities were conducted over the course of this study. Samples were collected seasonally in spring, early summer, and late summer and were analyzed for standing stocks of epilithic communities and chlorophyll a (photosynthetic pigment abundance). The sampling was conducted before and after forest harvest to provide insights into the effects of these treatments both locally and downstream.\n\nThe Trask River Watershed study area consists of 4 large catchments: Pothole Creek, Gus Creek, Rock Creek, and Upper Main Trask. Within each of the four catchments, 2-4 headwater sites and a downstream site were sampled. In general, Trask River Watershed study data were collected during pre-harvest (2006-2011) and post-harvest (2013-2016) periods, from treated and reference headwater watersheds and from downstream sites. Sampling for the data included in this data publication began in June 2006 and concluded in July 2016. Spring sampling was limited due to site access constraints such as snow and flooding. In 2006, only a limited number of samples were collected. Sampling in late summer only occurred at the larger downstream sites. Site reaches were approximately 30 meters in length in headwater streams and 50-100 meters at downstream sites. Sample collection consisted of scrubbing known areas of hard substrates (primarily cobble sized) and washing scrubbed material into containers. Four samples, or replicates, were collected for each headwater site and six at downstream sites. Processing occurred within 1 month of sample collection to prevent degradation of photopigments. Samples were analyzed to determine phaeophytin concentration, chlorophyll a concentration, dry mass, and ash-free dry mass.These data are a portion of the larger Trask River Watershed Study. The general objectives of the Trask River Watershed Study were to investigate the effects of forest harvest on the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of small headwater streams, and the extent to which alterations in stream conditions caused by harvest along headwater channels influence the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of downstream fish-bearing streams. This sampling was designed to characterize the standing stock abundances and chlorophyll a concentrations of autochthonous benthic periphyton communities, which can be an important source of food for stream-dwelling organisms.","keyword":["environment","inlandWaters","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","Forest & Plant Health","Air, soil, water pollution (environmental injury)","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Assessments","Biometrics","Monitoring","forest-stream interactions","aquatic ecosystems","streams","algae","periphyton","biomass","chlorophyll","phaeophytin","Oregon","Trask River","Trask basin study area"],"spatial":"-123.54336,45.33077,-123.43486,45.39423","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0001","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0001","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-09-14"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Trask River Watershed Study: Stream chemistry, 2006-2016","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0002","description":"These data are a portion of the larger Trask River Watershed Study which was conducted in the East Fork of the South Fork Trask River of the Coast Range of western Oregon. Water samples were collected from headwater study streams as well as downstream segments and analyzed for dissolved carbon, nutrients (primarily nitrogen and phosphorus) as well as selected anions and cations. Synoptic surveys were conducted before and after harvest and provide insights into the effects of harvest treatments both locally and downstream.\n\nThe Trask River Watershed study area consists of 4 large catchments: Pothole Creek, Gus Creek, Rock Creek, and Upper Main Trask. Within each of the four catchments, 2-4 headwater sites and a downstream site were sampled. In general, Trask River Watershed study data were collected during pre-harvest (2006-2011) and post-harvest (2013-2016) periods, from treated and reference headwater watersheds and from downstream sites. Sampling for the data included in this data publication began in August 2006 and late June samples were collected annually at all sites beginning in 2008 and continuing through 2016. No sampling occurred in 2012 during harvest. Downstream sites were also sampled during late summer (end of August or early September) in 2009, 2010, 2013, and 2014.These data are a portion of the larger Trask River Watershed Study. The general objectives of the Trask River Watershed Study were to investigate the effects of forest harvest on the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of small headwater streams, and the extent to which alterations in stream conditions caused by harvest along headwater channels influence the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of downstream fish-bearing streams. The primary role of this sampling was to characterize any inherent differences in dissolved chemical concentrations after harvest.","keyword":["forest-stream interactions","aquatic ecosystems","streams","water chemistry","dissolved","nutrients","anions","cations","nitrogen","phosphorus","carbon","environment","inlandWaters","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","Forest & Plant Health","Air, soil, water pollution (environmental injury)","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Assessments","Biometrics","Monitoring","Oregon","Trask River","Trask basin study area"],"spatial":"-123.54336,45.33077,-123.43486,45.39423","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0002","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0002","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-09-14"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Trask River Watershed Study: Fine benthic material sampling, 2008-2016","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0003","description":"These data are a portion of the larger Trask River Watershed Study which was conducted in the East Fork of the South Fork Trask River of the Coast Range of western Oregon. Basin-wide surveys of fine benthic particulates were conducted over the course of this study. In-stream deposition of fine sediments (< 1 millimeter) was quantified annually, during early summer. Samples were analyzed for standing stocks of the organic and inorganic fraction of surface and shallow subsurface materials. These surveys were conducted before and after land use treatments to provide insights into local and downstream effects.\n\nThe Trask River Watershed study area consists of 4 large catchments: Pothole Creek, Gus Creek, Rock Creek, and Upper Main Trask. Within each of the four catchments, 2-4 headwater sites and a downstream site were sampled. In general, Trask River Watershed study data were collected during pre-harvest (2006-2011) and post-harvest (2013-2016) periods, from treated and reference headwater watersheds and from downstream sites. Sample reaches were 30 meters in length for headwater streams and 100 meters for downstream sites. Sampling for the fine benthic material began for all sites in June 2008, and continued annually in mid-June until 2016. Three replicates were taken from each headwater site and five from the downstream sites. For each replicate, a 15 centimeter diameter core was used to collect a surface sample and a subsurface sample (2-5 cm deep) from the streambed. The depth of the water within the core was measured to calculate the total volume present. For samples collected 2013-2016, a second depth measurement was recorded for the subsurface sample. After field collection, samples were taken to the lab and frozen. During processing, samples were thawed, filtered, dried, and ashed to calculate standing stocks of fine organic and inorganic material.These data are a portion of the larger Trask River Watershed Study. The general objectives of the Trask River Watershed Study were to investigate the effects of forest harvest on the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of small headwater streams, and the extent to which alterations in stream conditions caused by harvest along headwater channels influence the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of downstream fish-bearing streams. The primary role of this sampling was to characterize the abundance and composition of fine benthic particulate material. The organic fraction can be an important source of food for benthic detritivores, while the inorganic portion can have adverse affects on stream biota. Samples were collected from both surface and shallow subsurface (2-5 centimeters depth) habitats.For more information about these data and this study, see Johnson et al. (2022).","keyword":["benthic material","forest-stream interactions","aquatic ecosystems","streams","biomass","detritus","fine particulates","organic material","sediment","headwaters","downstream sites","environment","geoscientificInformation","inlandWaters","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","Forest & Plant Health","Air, soil, water pollution (environmental injury)","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Assessments","Biometrics","Monitoring","Oregon","Trask River","Trask basin study area"],"spatial":"-123.54336,45.33077,-123.43486,45.39423","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0003","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0003","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-09-14"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Trask River Watershed Study: Stream discharge, 2007-2016","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0004","description":"These data are a portion of the larger Trask River Watershed Study which was conducted in the East Fork of the South Fork Trask River of the Coast Range of western Oregon.  The Trask River Watershed study area consists of 4 large catchments: Pothole Creek, Gus Creek, Rock Creek, and Upper Main Trask. Within each of the four catchments, 2-4 headwater sites and a downstream site were sampled. In general, Trask River Watershed study data were collected during pre-harvest (2006-2011) and post-harvest (2013-2016) periods, from treated and reference headwater watersheds and from downstream sites.\n\nThe stream discharge data included in this data publication were collected at 13 different open channel gage and flume stations in headwater streams of the Trask River Watershed. Open channel gage stations were established at 5 downstream sites in spring of 2007. These sites were downstream from smaller headwater harvested and reference watersheds. They were larger fish bearing streams,  located on mainstem tributaries of the upper Trask River Watershed. Watershed areas draining into these open channel gage stations ranged from 278 hectares (ha) (Upper Trask downstream) to 1459 ha (East Fork South Fork Trask River downstream). Flumes were installed on 6 small headwater streams in autumn of 2008. Flume widths ranged from 24 inches (Pothole Creek 4; 26 ha) to 60 inches (Upper Main Trask 1; 45 ha). An additional 2 flumes with widths of 36 inches were installed in autumn of 2009 at Gus Creek 1 (27 ha) and Gus Creek 2 (39 ha). All open channel gage and flume stations were monitored consistently until October 2016. Data consist of stage height (meters) and instantaneous discharge (liters\/second), collected using equipment maintained by researchers associated with Oregon State University. Measurements occurred at 10-minute intervals and are organized by water year (October 1 - September 30) unless otherwise noted. Data flag codes are also included to describe whether the data value at a given time was missing, questionable, or adjusted. Calculation of discharge from stage height used standardized equations for the flumes and rating curves from instream measurements of discharge at the downstream open channel sites.These data are a portion of the larger Trask River Watershed Study. The general objectives of the Trask River Watershed Study were to investigate the effects of forest harvest on the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of small headwater streams, and the extent to which alterations in stream conditions caused by harvest along headwater channels influence the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of downstream fish-bearing streams.","keyword":["stage","discharge","headwaters","flume","Trask basin study area","headwater basin","downstream sites","geoscientificInformation","inlandWaters","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Oregon","Trask River","Trask basin study area"],"spatial":"-123.54336,45.33077,-123.43486,45.39423","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0004","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0004","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-09-14"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Trask River Watershed Study: Benthic macroinvertebrate sampling, 2006-2016","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0005","description":"These data are a portion of the larger Trask River Watershed Study which was conducted in the East Fork of the South Fork Trask River of the Coast Range of western Oregon. Basin-wide surveys of benthic macroinvertebrate communities were conducted over the course of this study (2006-2016). Benthic samples were collected in early spring, early summer and late summer using a Surber net (500 micron mesh). This macroinvertebrate sampling was conducted before and after forest harvest and in reference watersheds to provide insights into both local and downstream effects. Specifically, these data from headwaters and downstream sites include biomass, density, and functional feeding group (FFG) densities of aquatic macroinvertebrates and rate of emergence of adult aquatic macroinvertebrates. \n\t  \nThe Trask River Watershed study area consists of 4 large catchments: Pothole Creek, Gus Creek, Rock Creek, and Upper Main Trask. Within each of the four catchments, 2-4 headwater sites and a downstream site were sampled. In general, Trask River Watershed study data were collected during pre-harvest (2006-2011) and post-harvest (2013-2016) periods, from treated and reference headwater watersheds and from downstream sites. Beginning in 2007, one downstream site in each catchment was sampled using Surber samplers twice per year, in early summer and during late summer. Within each catchment, 3 headwater streams were consistently sampled each year in early summer. Springtime sampling occurred in some years. In the Pothole basin, a 4th headwater site (PH1) was added in 2010. These macroinvertebrate samples were analyzed for taxonomic composition and densities. Benthic macroinvertebrates were identified to the lowest practical taxonomic level, typically genus, although some individuals could only be consistently keyed to the subfamily, family or order level. Starting in 2009, benthic samples were preserved by freezing, then thawed and macroinvertebrates sorted from organic and inorganic material. These macroinvertebrates were dried and ashed to calculate bulk biomass. Biomass was not measured for individual taxa. Emergence rates of adult aquatic macroinvertebrates were measured for a subset of headwater sites from June through mid-August in 2009-2010 (pre-treatment) and 2013-2014 (post-treatment). These adult specimen were also identified to the lowest practical taxonomic level after collection and preservation.These data are a portion of the larger Trask River Watershed Study. The general objectives of the Trask River Watershed Study were to investigate the effects of forest harvest on the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of small headwater streams, and the extent to which alterations in stream conditions caused by harvest along headwater channels influence the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of downstream fish-bearing streams. The primary role of this sampling was to characterize the taxonomic composition and densities of macroinvertebrate benthic communities, which can be an important source of food for fish, amphibians, and terrestrial predators.For more information about these data and this study, see Johnson et al. (2022).","keyword":["benthic macroinvertebrates","aquatic invertebrates","forest-stream interactions","aquatic ecosystems","streams","adult emergence","taxonomy","headwater basin","downstream sites","biota","environment","inlandWaters","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","Forest & Plant Health","Air, soil, water pollution (environmental injury)","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Assessments","Biometrics","Monitoring","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Invertebrates","Oregon","Trask River","Trask basin study area"],"spatial":"-123.54336,45.33077,-123.43486,45.39423","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0005","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0005","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-09-14"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Trask River Watershed Study: Stream temperature, conductivity, and air temperature, 2007-2016","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0007","description":"These data are a portion of the larger Trask River Watershed Study which was conducted in the East Fork of the South Fork Trask River of the Coast Range of western Oregon. Stream temperature, conductivity, and air temperature were recorded at multiple locations over the course of this study from 2007 through 2016 (starting and ending dates vary per site). \n\nThe Trask River Watershed study area consists of 4 large catchments: Pothole Creek, Gus Creek, Rock Creek, and Upper Main Trask. Within each of the four catchments, 2-4 headwater sites and a downstream site were sampled. In general, Trask River Watershed study data were collected during pre-harvest (2006-2011) and post-harvest (2013-2016) periods, from treated and reference headwater watersheds and from downstream sites. The year-round 10-minute stream temperature and conductivity data were collected for 9 (HAB and FLUME) headwater sites and 4 downstream sites. Summertime measurements were also made of instantaneous temperature every 30 minutes using HOBO Loggers at 19 locations across the four sub-basins. Data collection began in May\/June and ended September\/October each year corresponding with the seasonal low-flow period. Summer air temperatures were recorded at 30-minute intervals at 6 of the habitat site locations (paired with selected stream summer water temperature sites). Summer water temperatures (30-minute) were also recorded along the mainstream and in additional headwater streams in the Trask River Watershed.These data are a portion of the larger Trask River Watershed Study. The general objectives of the Trask River Watershed Study were to investigate the effects of forest harvest on the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of small headwater streams, and the extent to which alterations in stream conditions caused by harvest along headwater channels influence the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of downstream fish-bearing streams.","keyword":["water temperature","air temperature","headwater basin","downstream sites","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","environment","inlandWaters","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","Forest & Plant Health","Air, soil, water pollution (environmental injury)","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Assessments","Biometrics","Monitoring","Oregon","Trask River","Trask basin study area"],"spatial":"-123.54336,45.33077,-123.43486,45.39423","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0007","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0007","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-09-14"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"2006 Ventenata dubia distribution in the Blue Mountains Ecoregion of Oregon, Washington, and Idaho - probability","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0010","description":"This data publication contains two (2) georeferenced raster (GeoTIFF) files representing the 2006 probability and probability classes of Ventenata dubia (ventenata) presence throughout the Blue Mountains Ecoregion located within Oregon, Washington, and Idaho. The Blue Mountains Ecoregion is part of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Level III Ecoregion classification (https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/eco-research\/ecoregions). Presence of ventenata in these data was defined based on field observations of aerial cover, where 20% and greater cover was classified as presence and less than 20% cover was classified as absence. Thus, the probability and probability classes of ventenata presence corresponds to populations with greater than or equal to 20% cover (not individual ventenata plants). Field observations were aggregated from sources including the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Forest Service; the Bureau of Land Management (BLM); and Oregon State University (OSU). Ventenata was mapped using the random forests classification method with land surface phenology, climate, soils, and terrain attributes. The 2006 prediction of ventenata was produced from a model trained from land surface phenology in 2017. To improve model transferability, 2006 was chosen based on climatic similarity as measured by a drought severity index and RAWs weather station data. The model was used to determine a probability threshold that is optimal for differentiating both presence and absence (Threshold = 0.58). This threshold was used to split the probability gradient into 6 classes, 2 classes below the threshold and 4 above.The 2006 ventenata distribution was developed to assess the extent and patterns of invasion within the heart of ventenata\u2019s invaded range. Ventenata has been observed throughout the Blue Mountains Ecoregion, but no spatial product was available to indicate areas of infestation or total invaded area for management and policy decisions. These data have been applied to assess contemporary habitat associations, locations of ventenata populations, and the spread of ventenata over time.","keyword":["Ventenata dubia","land surface phenology","mapping","invasive annual grass","species distribution modelling","remote sensing","Landsat","MODIS","time series","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","biota","imageryBaseMapsEarthCover","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Geography","Ecology","Plant ecology","Forest & Plant Health","Invasive species","Blue Mountains Ecoregion","Oregon","Washington","Idaho","Umatilla National Forest","Malheur National Forest","Wallowa-Whitman National Forest","Payette National Forest"],"spatial":"-122.04092,43.15080,-115.63740,46.54461","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0010","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0010","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-01-20"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"2017 Ventenata dubia distribution in the Blue Mountains Ecoregion of Oregon, Washington, and Idaho - probability","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0011","description":"This data publication contains two (2) georeferenced raster (GeoTIFF) files representing the 2017 probability and probability classes of Ventenata dubia (ventenata) presence throughout the Blue Mountains Ecoregion located within Oregon, Washington, and Idaho. The Blue Mountains Ecoregion is part of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Level III Ecoregion classification (https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/eco-research\/ecoregions). Presence of ventenata in these data was defined based on field observations of aerial cover, where 20% and greater cover was classified as presence and less than 20% cover was classified as absence. Thus, the probability and probability classes of ventenata presence corresponds to populations with greater than or equal to 20% cover (not individual ventenata plants). Field observations were aggregated from sources including the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Forest Service; the Bureau of Land Management (BLM); and Oregon State University (OSU). Ventenata was mapped using the random forests classification method with land surface phenology, climate, soils, and terrain attributes. The model was used to determine a probability threshold that is optimal for differentiating both presence and absence (Threshold = 0.58). This threshold was used to split the probability gradient into 6 classes, 2 classes below the threshold and 4 above.The 2017 ventenata distribution was developed to assess the extent and patterns of invasion within the heart of ventenata\u2019s invaded range. Ventenata has been observed throughout the Blue Mountains Ecoregion, but no spatial product was available to indicate areas of infestation or total invaded area for management and policy decisions. These data have been applied to assess contemporary habitat associations, locations of ventenata populations, and the spread of ventenata over time. These data have also been applied to assess the ecoregion scale impact of this invasion on wildfire risk and potential behavior using a large fire simulator (FSIM; https:\/\/www.firelab.org\/project\/fsim-wildfire-risk-simulation-software).","keyword":["Ventenata dubia","land surface phenology","mapping","invasive annual grass","species distribution modelling","remote sensing","Landsat","MODIS","time series","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","biota","imageryBaseMapsEarthCover","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Geography","Ecology","Plant ecology","Forest & Plant Health","Invasive species","Blue Mountains Ecoregion","Oregon","Washington","Idaho","Umatilla National Forest","Malheur National Forest","Wallowa-Whitman National Forest","Payette National Forest"],"spatial":"-122.04092,43.15080,-115.63740,46.54461","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0011","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0011","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-01-20"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Hitchiti loblolly pine growing space study","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0105","description":"In 1949, a loblolly pine growing space study was established on the Hitchiti Experimental Forest in Georgia as a planned part of a regional growing space study. It is unknown if the rest of the locations were ever established. The study on the Hitchiti was established in even-aged loblolly pine stands of many age classes and densities. This study involved measurements for 72 plots taken roughly every five years by the original research organization through 1983 and then by the current author's unit in 1993 and 2002. Data include plot level information such as location, soil type, stand density as well and basal area both before and after thinning. Measurements throughout the duration of the study have varied across the years, but include tree level information such as species, location, diameter at breast height, tree height, height to base of live crown, crown class, and height of the tree to a 4- or 8-inch top. However, in the early years only expected crop trees were assigned numbers so individual tree growth can only be charted by matching trees based on tally order and diameter.The study was established to study the relationship between growing space and yield as a function of three variables: age, site, and growing space.","keyword":["biota","environment","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","Timber","growth and yield","loblolly pine","Pinus taeda","forestry","Hitchiti Experimental Forest","Georgia"],"spatial":"-83.72374,33.01613,-83.68327,33.05173","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0105","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0105","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-12-15"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04"],"programCode":["010:164"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Long-term SUCCESS: Vegetation data collected in 2017 from permanent plots in the sagebrush steppe of south-central Washington state","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0106","description":"This project examined the effects of wildfires and other factors on succession and ecosystem dynamics in sagebrush steppe ecosystems of the mid-Columbia basin in Washington state. Three sets of permanent vegetation plots containing extensive historical vegetation data (1989-2010) were re-monitored in 2017. This data publication contains field data collected in 2017 on 116 permanent vegetation plots. Each plot consists of a transect and a series of quadrats along the transect. Shrubs present along the plane of the transect were measured using shrub intercept sampling. A series of quadrats was distributed along the transect. Substrates were tallied within each quadrat, vascular plant species were identified, and the abundance of each vascular plant species was estimated.These data were collected as part of a Joint Fire Science Program research project (JFSP # 15-1-07-2) assessing long-term vegetation dynamics. The data can be used to directly compare plant communities across this wide geographic area in 2017. We also combined these data with historical vegetation data and records of disturbances (fire, grazing and military training), post-disturbance restoration activities (herbicide, seeding and planting of native species), and abiotic and biotic factors. The compiled data was used to 1) quantify and model controls on post-fire vegetation composition, 2) characterize vegetation dynamics, and 3) evaluate and refine quantitative state-and-transition models.","keyword":["biota","environment","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Assessments","Monitoring","Resource inventory","Climate change","Climate change effects","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Plant ecology","Fire","Fire ecology","Fire effects on environment","Wildland\/urban interface","Forest & Plant Health","Invasive species","Rangeland plants","Natural Resource Management & Use","Conservation","Range management & grazing","Restoration","abiotic environment","Artemisia tridentata","Bromus tectorum","livestock grazing","military training","sagebrush steppe","wildfire","permanent plots","community ecology","community composition","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","Washington","Interior Columbia Basin","Arid Lands Ecology Reserve","Hanford Reach National Monument","Yakima Training Center"],"spatial":"-120.5,46.2,-119.2,47.0","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0106","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0106","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2021-12-16"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Ventenata dubia in the Zumwalt Prairie Preserve in northeastern Oregon: Foliar response to grazing and fire treatments","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0013","description":"This data publication includes a sample of the frequency and foliar cover of Ventenata dubia (ventenata) in June and July 2008, 2016, and 2018 in the Zumwalt Prairie Preserve in northeastern Oregon. In addition to these measures, the density of ventenata was also recorded in 2016 and 2018. These data describe the trend in ventenata abundance through time under differing treatments of grazing and fire. This project was completed as a component of a study examining the invasion of ventenata in the Blue Mountains Ecoregion (EPA Level III; https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/eco-research\/level-iii-and-iv-ecoregions-continental-united-states).These data were collected in an effort to examine the effect of cattle grazing, fire, and their interaction on the abundance of ventenata in the Pacific Northwest Bunchgrass Prairie through time. Ventenata's invasion is relatively recent in this region and the existance of an established network of monitoring plots allowed a view of the ventenata invasion in a unique and uncommon plant community of the Pacific Northwest.More information about the larger study can be found at https:\/\/www.nwfirescience.org\/ventenata#Extent_of_Ventenata.","keyword":["Ventenata dubia","exotic annual grasses","grazing interactions","North Africa grass","Palouse Prairie","wire grass","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","biota","environment","farming","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Ecology","Plant ecology","Forest & Plant Health","Invasive species","Rangeland plants","Natural Resource Management & Use","Range management & grazing","Oregon","Wallowa County","Zumwalt Prairie Preserve"],"spatial":"-116.98438,45.53461,-116.92556,45.59741","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0013","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0013","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-01-18"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Ventenata dubia in the Zumwalt Prairie Preserve in northeastern Oregon: Biomass and foliar cover response to cattle grazing","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0014","description":"This data publication includes a sample of the live aboveground biomass (standing crop) and foliar cover of Ventenata dubia (ventenata) and other plant functional groups of the Pacific Northwest Bunchgrass Prairie (PNB). These data were collected in June and July 2018 as part of a study in the Zumwalt Prairie Preserve in northeastern Oregon. Standing crop and cover was measured within 8 paddocks that were either grazed (1.3 - 1.6 hectares\/animal unit months) or excluded from cattle grazing. This project was completed as a component of a study examining the invasion of ventenata in the Blue Mountains Ecoregion (EPA Level III; https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/eco-research\/level-iii-and-iv-ecoregions-continental-united-states).These data were collected in an effort to examine the effect of cattle grazing on the abundance of ventenata and other plant groups of the PNB. Ventenata's invasion is relatively recent in this region and the existance of an established network of monitoring plots allowed a view of the ventenata invasion in a unique and uncommon plant community of the Pacific Northwest.More information about the larger study can be found at https:\/\/www.nwfirescience.org\/ventenata#Extent_of_Ventenata.","keyword":["Ventenata dubia","exotic annual grasses","grazing interactions","North Africa grass","Palouse Prairie","wire grass","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","biota","environment","farming","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Ecology","Plant ecology","Forest & Plant Health","Invasive species","Rangeland plants","Natural Resource Management & Use","Range management & grazing","Oregon","Wallowa County","Zumwalt Prairie Preserve"],"spatial":"-116.98438,45.53461,-116.92556,45.59741","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0014","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0014","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-01-18"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Smoothed raster of wildfire transmission to buildings in the continental United States","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0015","description":"Recent fire seasons in the continental United States have motivated federal agencies to explore scenarios for augmenting current fuel management and forest restoration in areas where fires ignite and spread to buildings in adjacent communities. This data publication contains one (1) geodatabase raster representing a spatial assessment within the continental U.S. of areas at high risk of igniting fires that spread to and expose buildings as a smoothed raster of sources of annual building exposure from wildfire. This raster was created by intersecting simulated wildfire perimeters with building location data over 10,000 to 100,000 fire seasons. This assessment was completed for the year 2020. These data can be used in scenario planning to helps design fuel treatment program that target wildfire exposure to developed areas. The continental scale of the data support expanded use of scenario planning science to analyze and communicate large scale expansion of current forest and fuel management initiatives.Wildfire impacts to developed areas have stimulated wide-ranging policy discussions about the role of active forest management to reduce hazardous fuels on federal and private wildlands. An assessment of areas that have the highest likelihood to ignite fires that spread to buildings in developed areas are needed. These spatial data were used to estimate sources of wildfire ignitions that spread to and expose communities to help highlight areas that could be targeted for fuels reduction treatments and other risk mitigation efforts.","keyword":["geoscientificInformation","structure","Fire","Fire effects on environment","Wildland\/urban interface","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","wildfire","wildfire exposure","wildfire transmission","wildfire management","continental United States"],"spatial":"-127.88855,22.87372,-65.49744,51.60533","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0015","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0015","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-03-10"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Philadelphia park tree cover data, 1959-2018","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0107","description":"These data represent tree cover for three parks in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Tree cover was manually delineated on aerial imagery from 1959, 1980, 2000 and 2018. The parks studied were: East Fairmount Park, West Fairmount Park, and the Schuylkill Center for Environmental Education.Urban foresters in many cities in the United States and around the world have been assessing trends in urban tree canopy cover, and many municipal leaders have set goals for tree cover levels. However, there is a need for greater understanding of the socioecological dynamics of tree cover change over many decades, including varied trends within a city. These land cover change data were collected to assess the rates and drivers of tree cover change, using Philadelphia to investigate the processes of tree cover change in parks of a post-industrial city. Parks are a critical component of urban tree canopy cover, as they constitute one of the largest portions of tree cover in many cities, so changes in park tree cover can have outsized impacts on municipal tree cover more broadly.These data were originally published on 12\/29\/2021. On 02\/22\/2022 and 06\/23\/2023 minor metadata updates were made.","keyword":["biota","environment","location","society","structure","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Landscape ecology","Environment and People","History","Recreation","Urban natural resources management","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","land cover","urban tree canopy cover","urban forest","urban park","post-industrial city","Pennsylvania","Philadelphia"],"spatial":"-75.277871,39.947816,-75.159617,40.068821","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0107","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0107","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-06-23"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Fire-adapted witness trees across the northeastern United States including four National Forests","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0017","description":"Witness trees can shed light on past disturbance regimes. An interpolation technique was applied to witness-tree point data to form a contiguous surface of pyrophilic percentage for four national forests in the northeastern United States. This method was also applied to town-level witness-tree data for the entire northeastern United States. Through this, a distinct east-west line dividing area of high (south) and low (north) pyrophilic percentage was found. Known as the tension zone, the undulating character of this boundary, penetrating northward along major river valleys, underscores the importance of Native Americans as a disturbance agent on the presettlement landscape. The interpolated coverages of the percent of pyrophilic witness trees for the Allegheny, Finger Lakes, Green Mountain, and White Mountain National Forests and the town-level interpolated surface for the broader New England area are included in this data publication. The tension zone line is also included as a separate file.The interpolated data were created to aid in landscape-scale prescribed fire planning and explore and describe the likely past disturbance regimes of the northeastern United States.For more information about these data see Thomas-Van Gundy et al. (2015).","keyword":["environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Landscape ecology","Fire","presettlement disturbance regimes","Native Americans","northeastern United States","Pennsylvania","New York","Massachusetts","Vermont","New Hampshire","Rhode Island","Maine","Connecticut"],"spatial":"-80.51800,38.96275,-67.00000,47.41742","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0017","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0017","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-01-06"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Field and plot data for 2017-2018 wildland fires in the southwestern United States collected for Rapid Assessment of Vegetation Condition after Wildfire (RAVG) models: burn severity and stand characteristics","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0018","description":"These data were collected to develop southwest U.S. regionally-specific fire effects models for use in the Rapid Assessment of Vegetation Condition after Wildfire (RAVG) program at the USDA Forest Service Geospatial Technology and Applications Center (GTAC). The data presented here are the training data associated with the response variables in the model. These data were collected in both Arizona and New Mexico from March 2018 through June 2019 using two different methods: field plots and photographic interpretation. These data include plot latitude and longitude along with post-processed burn severity and stand characteristics variables derived from plot data. Data also have potential predictor variables such topographic, ecological, and satellite-imagery-derived variables attributed to the plot locations. The Composite Burn Index (CBI) is the variable in these data used to document burn severity. The main variables which describe forest structure change with fire are the change in basal area and the change in canopy cover, which were both derived by processing plot tree measurements through the Forest Vegetation Simulator (FVS), as well as from Photographic Interpretation (PI) data, which involves an analyst assigning canopy cover yes\/no to a grid of points overlaid on pre- and post-fire aerial photos.These data were collected to develop regionally specific models for the southwest United States for fire effects. Currently, models available for use in RAVG products for most portions of the western United States are based on models developed from training data collected in California and Oregon.For more information about these data, see Reiner et al. (2022)","keyword":["fire effects","composite burn index","CBI","burn severity","basal area","canopy cover","RAVG","satellite indices","biota","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Fire","Fire ecology","Fire effects on environment","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","Arizona","New Mexico","southwest United States"],"spatial":"-112.75600,31.25000,-104.90700,36.72800","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0018","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0018","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-09-13"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Geospatial data for 2017-2018 wildland fires in the southwestern United States used for region-specific Rapid Assessment of Vegetation Condition after Wildfire (RAVG) models: burned area boundaries and burn indices derived from Landsat and Sentinel-2 satellite imagery","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0019","description":"These data were derived to develop fire effects models tailored to the southwest U.S. for use in the Rapid Assessment of Vegetation Condition after Wildfire (RAVG) program at the USDA Forest Service Geospatial Technology and Applications Center (GTAC). They include a vector dataset comprising boundaries for the 23 fires in Arizona and New Mexico that were sampled for this project and raster datasets containing burn-related indices for each fire. The raster data were derived from satellite imagery (Landsat-8 Optical Line Imager (OLI) or Landsat-7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+), and Sentinel-2 Multispectral Imager (MSI)) and include six indices derived from each of four pairs of images for a total of 24 raster datasets for each fire or cluster of adjacent fires. The indices are the dNBR (delta normalized burn ratio), the RdNBR (relativized dNBR), and the relative burn ratio (RBR), each calculated with and without a scene-pair-specific offset value used to account for non-fire differences between the two scenes. The four image pairs consist of two Landsat pairs and two Sentinel-2 pairs. Each pair includes one pre-fire scene and one post-fire scene. For each sensor (Landsat and Sentinel-2), one pair captures change visible within a few weeks after fire containment and the other captures change visible approximately one year after the fire. All fires occurred in 2017 or 2018. Imagery acquisition dates are from 2015 to 2019.These data were collected to develop fire effects models tuned to the southwest United States to supplement or replace models developed from data collected in the Sierra Nevada, northern California and southern Oregon.For more information about these data, see Reiner et al. (2022)","keyword":["fire effects","composite burn index","CBI","burn severity","basal area","canopy cover","RAVG","satellite indices","environment","imageryBaseMapsEarthCover","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Fire","Fire ecology","Fire effects on environment","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","Arizona","New Mexico","southwest United States"],"spatial":"-112.75600,31.25000,-104.90700,36.72800","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0019","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0019","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-09-13"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Palau historical vegetation cover","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0020","description":"This data publication contains vegetative land cover spatial data for Babeldaob Island, Palau for the years of 1921, 1947, 1954, 1976, 1992, 2001, 2006, and 2014. Land cover data were digitized using a variety of historical sources such as topographic maps, aerial photographs, and satellite imagery. Land cover products included in this publication consist of: five (5) Esri geodatabases containing landcover classifications for 1921, 1954, 1976, 1992, and 2006; three (3) landcover image raster files for 2001, 2006, and 2014; and one (1) Esri geodatabase containing roads around Babeldaob Island, Palau.These data were created to summarize historical vegetation cover change on Babeldaob Island, Palau.These data were originally published on 1\/21\/2022. Minor metadata updates were made on 06\/06\/2022 to include citation for newly published article.\n\t  \t  \nFor more information about these data, see Dendy et al. (2022).","keyword":["biota","imageryBaseMapsEarthCover","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Landscape ecology","vegetation cover","forest","tropical","imagery","Palau","Babeldaob Island"],"spatial":"134.45800,7.32100,134.64900,7.73800","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0020","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0020","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-06-06"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Forest management activity costs in the continental United States (2012-2018)","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0021","description":"This data publication contains a forest management activity cost database that describes average weighted per acre costs for 86 different national forest management activities ranging from broadcast burning to precommercial thinning based on federal data from 2012 to 2018 for each of the 109 national forests within the continental United States. These data are summarized from the USDA Forest Service, Forest Activity Tracking System (FACTS) data.Incorporating detailed economic analysis of scenario planning at the national, regional and forest levels will make it easier for land managers to model forest management costs and revenues while meeting multiple management goals. Developing national forest management cost data specific to a suite of management activities will improve our understanding of the available choices across landscapes for investments in timber production, ecological restoration, and fire treatments using economic and biophysical tradeoffs at multiple scales.","keyword":["forest management","cost analysis","national forest","biota","economy","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Assessments","Natural Resource Management & Use","Economics","Forest management","United States"],"spatial":"-127.88855,22.87372,-65.49744,51.60533","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0021","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0021","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-04-06"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Landscape Simulator (LSim) replicate data resulting from the use of wildfire as a management strategy to restore resiliency to ponderosa pine forests in the southwest United States","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0022","description":"Simulation modeling was used to examine long-term tradeoffs and synergies of alternative land management strategies by combining two wildfire management alternatives with three levels of contemporary forest restoration treatments on a 778,000-hectare landscape over 56 years (2022-2078) using data from 2000-2019. Forest Service lands within the study area where restoration treatments are allowed, include 237,218 hectares across the Kaibab and Coconino National Forests. The data within this package are either produced by the Landscape Simulator (LSim) for these forested lands or used to summarize or visualize these data. The foundation of the simulated data is built around forest growth and mortality simulations for forest stands via the Forest Vegetation Simulator, and wildfire activity via the large Fire Simulator. These simulated data include a temporal accounting of forest stands treated by mechanical thinning and prescribed fire and burned by wildfire; tree stand characteristics by tree species (trees per acre; basal area, etc.), and fire-induced mortality, as well as wildfire polygons complete with wildfire characteristics. Data needed to summarize the simulated data include stand characteristics, and a record of which tree stands were included within our study area, as well as a spatial representation of planning areas used to clip wildfire polygons. Spatial data included for visualization are planning area polygons and tree stand polygons.To assess tradeoffs and synergies between traditional forest restoration and managing wildfire to meet resource objectives.For more information about this study and these data, see Young et al. (2022). Summary data used to produce figures for Young et al. (2022) are also included in this data package.\n\t  \nThese data were published on 02\/03\/2022. On 06\/22\/2023 minor metadata updates were made.","keyword":["environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Landscape ecology","Environment and People","Impact of people on environment","Fire","Fire effects on environment","Fire suppression, pre-suppression","Wildland\/urban interface","fire severity","forest management","landscape simulator","LSim","old growth","patch dynamics","resource objective wildfire","wildfire management","Arizona","Kaibab National Forest","Coconino National Forest"],"spatial":"-112.386,34.735,-111.259,36.038","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0022","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0022","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-06-22"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Sudden sawlog study for loblolly pine on the Gulf Coastal Plain","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0023","description":"This data publication contains the results of an experiment in Arizona to determine the effectiveness of four silvicultural treatments in producing loblolly pine sawtimber rapidly. This study also looked at the associated economics and wood quality. The four treatments were 1)  sawtimber-only treatment, which reduced the stand to 100 trees per acre at age 9; 2) a sawtimber-pulpwood treatment that removed trees whose crowns were within 5-feet of the selected crop trees; 3) a delayed sawtimber treatment where the stand was reduced to 100 trees per acre at age 12, and 4) a control treatment where the stands were thinned to 85 square feet of basal area starting at age 12 and repeated every three years. In the first three treatments the trees were pruned to 50 percent of total height at their first thinning and every three years until there was a clear length of 33 feet. Measurements began at age 10 in 1954 and were officially closed at age 34, but measurements were collected at ages 36, 40, 46, 53, and 57, after which the stand was harvested. Data include tree diameter outside bark at multiple heights, tree heights at multiple specified tree diameters, total tree height and height to base of line crown, multiple crown widths measurements, quality of tree, data related to tree pruning, and other related data.The purpose of this study was to see if intensive management combining early thinning with pruning is able to shorten the sawlog rotation considerably.These data were originally published on 01\/24\/2022. On 07\/21\/2022, 09\/27\/2022, and 06\/10\/2024 minor metadata updates were made.","keyword":["biota","economy","Forest Products","Wood utilization","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","Economics","Timber","Arkansas","Crossett"],"spatial":"-91.65503,33.02674,-91.95015,32.03089","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0023","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0023","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-06-10"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Soil and invertebrate chemistry data for a forest clearcutting and residual biomass removal study at the Marcell Experimental Forest","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0024","description":"This data publication contains soil and invertebrate chemistry data from a hillslope forest harvesting study that occurred between 2010-2013. The study follows a before-after-control-impact design, with measurements collected two years pre-harvest and two years post-harvest on a hillslope in the S7 research watershed at the USDA Marcell Experimental Forest, Minnesota, USA. The north-facing hillslope in the S7 watershed drains into a peatland at the toe of the slope. The hillslope was divided into three treatment blocks: 1) an Unharvested Control that was not harvested, 2) a Biomass Left hillslope where residual biomass remained on the ground, and 3) a Biomass Removed hillslope where residual biomass was harvested. Prior to harvesting the forest cover was mixed northern hardwoods, predominately comprised of sugar maple (Acer saccharum), quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) and balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera). During 2011 (pre-harvest) and 2012 (post-harvest) enriched stable mercury isotopes were applied during light spring rain fall events to add a tracer for the assessment of changes in recently deposited mercury mobility due to forestry practices. The data consist of peat total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) in organic soils, mercury methylation rate constants, and MeHg in macroinvertebrates of the downgradient peatland collected from 2010 to 2012.These data were collected as part of a hillslope-scale forestry experiment to determine the effects of residual biomass removal on hillslope hydrology and mercury mobilization.","keyword":["environment","inlandWaters","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","Landscape ecology","Forest Products","Bioenergy and biomass","Natural Resource Management & Use","Landscape management","Timber","Water","Forest management","forestry","hillslope hydrology","peatland","mercury methylation","biomass removal harvesting","clearcut harvesting","Marcell Experimental Forest","Minnesota","Balsam Township","Itasca County"],"spatial":"-93.470,47.521,-93.469,47.522","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0024","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0024","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-03-28"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:32"],"programCode":["005:051"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Management data of feral swine removals from Mingo National Wildlife Refuge, Missouri, USA from 2015-2019","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/NWRC-RDS-2022-001","description":"Feral swine (Sus scrofa) are invasive in North America and are actively managed to reduce human-wildlife conflict and damage to agriculture, natural resources, and personal property. This data package contains the data collected during feral swine removal management activities at the Mingo National Wildlife Refuge in Missouri. Removal data for feral swine include the date, location, method of removal (i.e., aerial gunning, trapping, and ground shooting), number of animals removed, effort employed, and a site designation number. The effort is dependent on the method of removal: number of hours in the helicopter for aerial gunning, number of trap nights for trapping, and number of ground shooting events for ground shooting. The location information has been modified to remove specific locations to avoid violating privacy issues while retaining the relative spatial relationships of the points. The refuge was split into three sites for analysis purposes based on the geography of the refuge.The data were collected as part Wildlife Services management activities.For more information about this study and these data, see Davis et al. (2022).\n\t  \nData were originally published on 02\/15\/2022. On 04\/25\/2023 metadata updates included citation for newly published article.","keyword":["biota","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Mammals","longitudinal model","invasive species management","multi-method framework","removal sampling","Sus scrofa","Missouri"],"spatial":"-90.44,36.91,-90.00,37.10","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/NWRC-RDS-2022-001","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/NWRC-RDS-2022-001","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-04-25"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Tree censuses at Bisley Experimental Watersheds before and after Hurricane Hugo","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0025","description":"This data publication includes tree census data taken at the Bisley Experimental Watersheds (BEW) in the Luquillo Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico from 1989 through 2014. Specifically, measurements were taken three months before hurricane Hugo in 1989 (denoted as 1988 census), three months after hurricane Hugo in 1989 (denoted as 1989 census), and every five years since then (1994, 1999, 2004, 2009, 2014). Currently there are 95 plots (each 10-meter diameter circles), which are each 40 meters apart. On each plot, all trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) greater than or equal to 2.5 centimeters were identified to species and measured. Additionally, tree heights were recorded for the two tallest tree in each plot. There are two data files included in this package. One file includes tree species, DBH, and height (for the two tallest trees.) The second file includes the same tree measurements but missing diameters were filled with an algorthim based on previous and later censuses. This algorithm-filled data set is provided to help meet the needs of particular synthetic data products such as forest dynamics models that require gap-filled data.To quantify tropical forest dynamics and long-term forest structure and composition.These data were published on 02\/18\/2022. Minor metadata updates were made on 05\/27\/2024.\n\t  \nFor more information about this study and these data see Zhang et al. (2022).","keyword":["tree diameter","tree species","algorithm","tree census","hurricane disturbance","hurricane recovery","biota","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Luquillo Experimental Forest","Puerto Rico","tropical forest","Bisley Experimental Watersheds","Caribbean"],"spatial":"-65.74630,18.31100,-65.74330,18.31600","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0025","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0025","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-06-27"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Santee Experimental Forest, Watershed 78 (Turkey Creek): streamflow, water chemistry, water table, and weather data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0027","description":"This data publication contains streamflow, water chemistry, water table, and weather data measured at Watershed 78 (WS78) on the Santee Experimental Forest near Huger, South Carolina starting in 1964. WS78 is a 5,240 hectare third-order watershed that was originally gauged in 1963 and monitored until 1984. The stream gauging station was reestablished in late 2004 with real-time gauges\/sensors both for rainfall and flow monitoring on SC Highway 41 N near Huger, in cooperation with the United States Geological Survey (USGS), the College of Charleston, and the South Carolina Department of Transportation. The current gauging station is approximately 800 meters upstream of the original historic gauging station.\n\t  \nDaily streamflow data are provided from 1964-1976 for the historic period. Additional flow (15-minute and daily data starting in 2005) are available from the USGS website (http:\/\/waterdata.usgs.gov\/sc\/nwis\/uv?site_no=02172035). Water chemistry data collected at the Watershed 78 gauging station are provided from 2006-2023. Water table data (hourly shallow groundwater levels in centimeters below ground surface and elevation relative to mean sea level) are provided for five monitoring wells from 2006-2019. Daily rainfall totals and average air temperatures collected at the Lotti Road weather station are provided from 1964-2000, and hourly data (including soil temperature) are provided from 2001-2023. Weather data (air and soil temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and direction, solar radiation, etc.) collected at the Turkey Creek weather station are provided as 30-minute averages from 2005-2022. Non-recording manual gauge rainfall data collected from 1964-1984 are also provided for multiple gauges in WS78.The purpose of Watershed 78 (Turkey Creek) when established in 1964 was to expand the scale at which research on the effects of watershed size on hydrologic relationships could be conducted on the Santee Experimental Forest. Monitoring on this watershed was discontinued in 1984 but resumed again in December 2004 as the USDA Forest Service initiated a multi-collaborative, multi-faceted research effort on the watershed. As part of this initiative, the USGS (with support from the USDA Forest Service and the College of Charleston) installed instruments to monitor stage (for flow estimation) and rainfall at the watershed outlet at the Highway 41 N bridge over Turkey Creek near Huger, SC in December 2004. At this time the USGS also began developing stage-discharge relationships for the Turkey Creek gauging station. The USDA Forest Service began monitoring water quality at the watershed outlet in March 2006 to coincide with ongoing monitoring of stream flow and climatic parameters.Data from 1964-2020 were published on 04\/14\/2024. On 08\/12\/2024 we added: WS78 water quality data from 2021-2023, Lotti weather data from 2021-2023, and Turkey Creek weather data from 2021-2022. Minor metadata updates were also made.","keyword":["climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","environment","inlandWaters","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","forested wetlands","poorly drained soils","outflow (runoff)","water quality","automated sampler","Manta multiprobe","Hanna multiprobe","air temperature","precipitation","non-recording gauge","soil temperature","solar radiation","wind speed","wind direction","vapor pressure","relative humidity","Santee Experimental Forest","South Carolina","Coastal Plain","Francis Marion National Forest","Watershed 78","Turkey Creek Watershed"],"spatial":"-79.78698,33.08453,-79.65885,33.15307","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0027","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0027","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-00-81"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Holyoke and Chelsea, MA urban tree canopy cover data, 1952-2014","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0028","description":"These data represent tree cover for two cities (Chelsea and the urban core of Holyoke) in Massachusetts. Tree cover was manually delineated on aerial imagery from 1952, 1971, 2003 and 2014. Also included are neighborhood boundaries for both of these study locations.Urban foresters assess urban tree canopy cover trends using remotely sensed imagery as a way to provide data for municipalities to set or maintain goals for tree canopy. However, these assessments typically do not take into account historical and socioeconomical dynamics of tree cover change over many decades. These land cover change data were collected to assess the rates and drivers of tree canopy cover change, using Holyoke and Chelsea to investigate the processes of tree cover change in post-industrial cities. Understanding historical drivers of tree canopy cover change can be used to inform multi-decadal urban tree canopy assessments and the creation of targeted, feasible urban tree canopy goals at neighborhood and city scales. These historical analyses can help urban natural resource managers to better understand how to protect and expand their cities\u2019 urban tree canopy over time.For more information about these data see Healy et al. (2022).\n\t  \nThese data were published on 02\/22\/2022. Minor metadata updates were made on 04\/25\/2023.","keyword":["biota","environment","imageryBaseMapsEarthCover","society","structure","transportation","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Geography","Landscape ecology","Environment and People","History","Impact of people on environment","Urban natural resources management","urban forest","urban greening","aerial photography","aerial imagery","land cover","land cover change","urban tree canopy cover","Massachusetts","Holyoke","Chelsea"],"spatial":"-72.6394,42.1854,-71.0009,42.4145","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0028","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0028","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-04-25"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"80-year meteorological record and drought indices for Sequoia National Park and Sequoia National Monument, CA","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0029","description":"The data presented contain on-site and modeled PRISM (Parameter-elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model) meteorological data, as well as five drought indices parameterized with these two sources of meteorology. Data are provided for three sites, from October 1933 through September 2020, on the western slope of the southern Sierra Nevada, California and identified by the closest geographical name place: Marble Fork Kaweah River (Lodgepole, CA, Sequoia National Park), Stony Creek (Stony Creek Campground, Sequoia National Monument), and Huckleberry Meadow (near Crescent Meadow, Sequoia National Park). The meteorological data include daily precipitation sum and mean air temperature. Monthly PET (potential evapotranspiration) derived from the Thornthwaite equation, and annual hydrological year (October 1 through September 30) SPEI (Standardized Precipitation and Evapotranspiration Index), AI (Aridity Index), PDSI (Palmer Drought Severity Index), PHDI (Palmer Hydrological Drought Index), and scPDSI (self-calibrating PDSI) are also given as parameterized from on-site and modeled meteorological data.Drought indices (DIs) are relied upon for monitoring and evaluating drought severity relevant to ecological systems, and down-stream agricultural, industrial, and domestic users. The application of these data was to evaluate the performance of five commonly used DIs (SPEI, AI, PDSI, scPDSI, PHDI) in a complex, upland landscape in the Sierra Nevada in a separate analysis (Kim et al. 2022). Correlation coefficients between different parameterizations of DIs (on-site vs. modeled meteorology) on the one hand, and streamflow and remotely-sensed stand normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) on the other hand were used as relative measures of DI performance. A model was developed to predict tree basal area increment (BAI) within each of three stands using on-site or modeled meteorological parameterizations of DIs, along with biological co-factors (tree vigor, tree to tree competition). The significance and proportion of variance explained by on-site or modeled meteorological parameterizations of DI within the context of the co-factors were also used to evaluate DI performance.For more information about this study and these data, see Kim et al. (2022).\n\t  \nThese data were published on 02\/24\/2022. On 10\/24\/2024, minor metadata updates were made.","keyword":["climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","environment","Climate change","Climatology","hydrologic drought","ecological impacts","tree drought stress","precipitation","temperature","monitoring environmental risk","Standardized Precipitation and Evapotranspiration Index","Aridity Index","Palmer Drought Severity Index","Palmer Hydrological Drought Index","California","southern Sierra Nevada","United States"],"spatial":"-118.83120,36.55250,-118.73420,36.67070","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0029","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0029","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-10-24"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Longleaf pine density study (1993-2015): plot locations and tree growth","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0030","description":"This data publication contains measurements from a study at the Savannah River Site near New Ellenton, South Carolina to look at the effect of combinations of pine thinning and hardwood-shrub removal on the productivity of longleaf pine. This study involved 6 plantations of 8- to 11-year-old longleaf pine. Prescribed fire was applied to each plantation every 3-5 years. Tree growth was monitored intermittently from December 1993 to September 2015. Tree growth data include tree species and diameter at breast height data for tagged trees within circular plots located within each treatment replication. Tree height, height to base of live crown, and crown width measurements are also provided for five trees randomly selected per plot.The objective of the research was to quantify how long-term stand growth responses to treatment affect diversity and abundance of understory plant species as well as the productivity of longleaf pine.Data were published on 02\/24\/2022. Minor updates were made to this package on 03\/11\/2022.","keyword":["environment","biota","farming","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Plant ecology","Fire","Prescribed fire","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Habitat management","Pinus palustris","ecosystem restoration","tree growth","precision GPS coordinates","South Carolina","Savannah River Site","New Ellenton"],"spatial":"-81.62500,33.14408,-81.48778,33.39290","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0030","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0030","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-03-11"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Demography of ancient western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis var. occidentalis) trees on Horse Ridge in central Oregon, USA","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0031","description":"This data publication contains a dataset of dendrochronologically crossdated western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis var. occidentalis) tree recruitment dates sampled from a grid of 21 plots distributed over 130 hectares on Horse Ridge in central Oregon, USA. Samples were collected in May 2010. The trees recruited between 845 and 1961 CE, but most trees established after the mid 1550s. Data include establishment date information for all trees within the plots that were at least 10 centimeters (cm) in diameter at 30 cm height from the modern ground surface; tallies of unsampled trees within the plots, in other words those that were at least 30 cm in height, but less than 10 cm in diameter; geophysical and plant community plot characteristics; and understory species presence. Also included are four photographs of each plot and one or more photographs of each sampled tree.We sampled this ancient juniper woodland to infer the drivers of tree recruitment.All of the wood samples we collected are permanently archived and available for further study as part of the LTRR Collection at the Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research (LTRR), University of Arizona (Bryant Bannister Tree-Ring Building, 1215 E. Lowell Street, Tucson, AZ 85721-0045, USA): https:\/\/ltrr.arizona.edu\/.\n\nThese data were originally published on 04\/04\/2022. Minor metadata updates were made on 04\/25\/2023 and 01\/17\/2025.\n\t  \nFor more information about this study and these data, see Loehman et al. (2022).","keyword":["dendrochronology","tree rings","tree demography","biota","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","environment","Climate change","Ecological adaptation","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Landscape ecology","Forest & Plant Health","Climate effects","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Oregon","Horse Ridge Research Natural Area"],"spatial":"-121.05800,43.93400,-121.03900,43.94000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0031","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0031","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-01-17"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Matlock & Molalla long-term soil productivity studies: plot locations, tree growth, and understory species abundance","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0032","description":"These data are derived from replicated long-term studies at each of the Matlock, Washington and Molalla, Oregon sites. The study sites are affiliates of the USDA Forest Service, North American Long-Term Soil Productivity network. The sites contained mature second-growth Douglas-fir that was clearcut harvested in early 2003 as part of the study objectives. Measurements include: (1) Douglas-fir stem and crown growth from 1-5, 8, 10, and 15 years after planting, and (2) visual estimates of cover by understory species at stand ages of 5, 8, and 10 years. These data have been used to estimate responses of tree and stand productivity and understory species abundance and diversity to experimental treatments that manipulated abundance of logging debris and competing vegetation after clearcut harvesting of mature Douglas-fir.The objective of the research was to quantify early growth (1-5 years) and longer-term (5-30 years) productivity of planted Douglas-fir in response to logging debris manipulation and competing vegetation control. Specifically, the research will determine: (1) effects of logging debris abundance (high versus low) and spatial distribution (dispersed versus piled) and competing vegetation (presence versus absence) on soil physical and chemical properties, (2) influence of soil responses on early growth and nutrition of Douglas-fir seedlings, (3) whether soil and Douglas-fir responses vary among sites that differ in climate and soil texture, and (4) effects of temporal variation in climate on soil and Douglas-fir responses.","keyword":["environment","biota","farming","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Plant ecology","Pseudotsuga menziesii","long-term soil productivity","soil properties","microclimate","logging debris","competing vegetation","tree growth measurements","understory species cover","Washington","Oregon"],"spatial":"-123.44320,45.18661,-122.27845,47.20985","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0032","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0032","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-03-15"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Regional longleaf growth study for the Southern United States","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0034","description":"In the summer of 1963, a number of measurement plots in natural stands of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) were established across the southern United States with additional plots added regularly, resulting in 364 plots in this regional longleaf growth study (RLGS). Since plots were measured on successive occasions, the end result is 265848 records on individual trees from 1964 through 2011. These data include the variables necessary to examine the growth and yield of this species such as diameter at breast height, crown class, crown height, tree height, status of tree, age, and other additional measurements. Also included are weather data collected near these plots, soil horizon measurements, soil nutrient data, information on pole classification, as well as fallen needle data collected between 1992 and 1997. A shapefile containing these RLGS plot locations is also provided.These data were intended to be used in growth and yield modeling, but the large number of repeated measurements could allow for climate change or other ecological studies.There are multiple publications that have resulted from this RLGS study. These publications are provided in \\Supplements\\Products_from_the_RLGS.pdf.","keyword":["climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","economy","environment","longleaf pine","growth and yield","forestry","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Biometrics","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","Timber","Forest Products","southern United States","Mississippi","Alabama","Georgia","North Carolina","Florida"],"spatial":"-91.10080,30.50310,-78.53300,34.79000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0034","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0034","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-03-23"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Aerial transect photographs of U.S. Department of Defense, U.S. Army Fort Wainwright Training Lands, Alaska in 2019","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0033","description":"This data publication contains low-level aerial nadir and oblique-angle photographs taken from 3 cameras on two flight lines in Fort Wainwright, U.S. Army training lands, central Alaska, on 4 June 2019 and associated text files containing estimated area of vegetation and cover type in each photograph. A total of 6,960 photographs are included in this collection (6,253 nadir photos plus 707 oblique photos).The purpose of this project was to document current landscape and land cover conditions along representative aerial transects, as a baseline for future change-comparison studies (especially from climate change); and to analyze current distribution and amount of land cover conditions on Fort Wainwright, U.S. Army training lands, from the representative transects.This data publication went live on 03\/23\/2022. Minor metadata updates were made on 05\/03\/2022 and 06\/26\/2023.","keyword":["environment","geoscientificInformation","imageryBaseMapsEarthCover","intelligenceMilitary","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Climate change","aerial transect","aerial photographs","boreal ecosystem","aerial flight","nadir aerial photography","oblique aerial photography","geotagging","Alaska","Fort Wainwright","Tanana Flats Training Area","Yukon Training Area","Donnelly Training Area"],"spatial":"-148.66670,63.71670,-145.70800,64.81670","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0033","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0033","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-06-26"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Public Water Systems and populations receiving surface drinking water supply from National Forest System lands","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0098-2","description":"These data are a summary of Public Water Systems (PWS) and populations receiving surface drinking water supply from National Forest System (NFS) lands managed by the USDA Forest Service in the conterminous United States (CONUS). The PWS in these data include only those receiving some portion of their surface water supply from NFS lands, either through the intakes they manage or through water purchases from other PWS that receive some portion of their surface water supply from NFS lands. To generate these data, unique model input databases were created for each of the 172 NFS units in the CONUS and water supply from each NFS unit and other non-NFS lands were simulated and tracked through the river network using the Water Supply and Stress Index (WaSSI) model while including inter-basin transfers (IBTs). Water supply outputs were then linked to the Environmental Protection Agency\u2019s Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS) database of public surface drinking water intakes. When a PWS had more than one intake, the percentage of the total surface drinking water originating on the individual NFS unit for the public water system was calculated from the total available water and the total water from the individual NFS unit across all intakes for the public water system. In addition to results at the NFS unit level, Watershed Boundary Dataset (WBD) Watershed 12-digit Hydrologic Unit Code (HUC12) subwatersheds that contain NFS units and provide surface drinking water supply to PWSs are identified and summarized. Purchasing PWS in the SDWIS were included for those PWS that had an associated selling PWS with surface water intakes that received some portion of their water from NFS lands, and the purchasing PWSs did not have their own surface water intakes and therefore would already be in the database. Also included are results aggregated across all NFS units in each Forest Service Region.The objectives of this analysis were to (1) estimate how much fresh surface water supply originates from NFS lands, and (2) estimate how many people and which communities receive this fresh surface water supply.This data publication (second edition) was published on 03\/31\/2022 and supersedes that of https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0098 (first edition). Changes to the original version include the following. The first edition included information on PWS intake facilities whose PWS-level primary water source was surface water or groundwater under the influence of surface water but whose facility-level water type was groundwater or groundwater purchased. Those facilities whose facility-level water type was groundwater or groundwater purchased were removed from this second edition. Secondly, this new edition includes three additional tables: All_NFS_Purchased.csv, FS_Region_Purchased.csv, and NFS_Unit_Purchased.csv. These tables provide additional information for those PWSs in the SDWIS that had an associated selling PWS with surface water intakes that received some portion of their water from NFS lands, and the purchasing PWSs did not have their own surface water intakes and therefore would already be in the database. \n\nOn 07\/22\/2022 this second edition was updated to include two additional tables (NFS_Unit_HUC12.csv and NFS_Unit_HUC12_PWS.csv) that provide additional information about PWSs that receive surface drinking water supply from particular HUC12 subwatersheds containing NFS units. Also added were geospatial files containing the HUC12 subwatershed boundaries corresponding to those referenced in the new tables. On 09\/20\/2022 the metadata for this second edition was updated to include reference to the newly published General Technical Report by Liu et al. (2022).\n\nFor more information about these data see Liu et al. (2022).","keyword":["climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","environment","inlandWaters","utilitiesCommunication","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","Environment and People","Natural Resource Management & Use","Ecosystem services","Water","drinking water","inter-basin transfers","National Forest System","WaSSI","water supply","water yield","conterminous United States","CONUS","National Forests and Grasslands"],"spatial":"-125,25.8,-66.8,49.4","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0098-2","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0098-2","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-09-20"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"National Marine Debris Monitoring Program: citizen science observations from 1997\u20132007","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0035","description":"We report counts of 31 marine debris indicator items selected by the National Marine Debris Monitoring Program (NMDMP) at sites around the United States and two U.S. territories (Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands). These data contain the complete quality checked set of debris data collected by the volunteers who worked on the National Marine Debris Monitoring Program, as well as the weather information provided by the volunteers for the time of the survey and the week preceding the survey. While the Program ran from 1997 through 2007, temporal coverage varies by coastal region because initiation of sampling was staggered across regions. The research articles that report on the results of the Program's data collection used a subset of these data, as not all sites had time series long enough to justify inclusion in the data analysis.The National Marine Debris Monitoring Program was an early citizen science project designed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to quantitatively determine whether the amount of debris washing ashore on the U.S. coastline was changing over time. Ten regions were defined based on geography and relevant oceanic currents. The Program was designed to detect change in a region with power of 0.85 and Type I error rate (i.e., alpha) of 0.10.\n\t  \nThe research articles based on these data extended the purpose to include assessing the utility of various physical drivers to explain variability in debris loads over time and space.","keyword":["marine debris","NMDMP","citizen science","beach debris","monitoring","beach pollution","plastic pollution","environment","oceans","society","transportation","Environment and People","Impact of people on environment","United States"],"spatial":"-158.33000,17.80000,-64.42000,71.64000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0035","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0035","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-04-15"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Forest Vegetation Simulator keyword component (KCP) files associated with the compendium of silvicultural treatments for forest types in the United States","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0037","description":"The national silviculture compendium is the first-ever compendium of silviculture treatments that cover most commercially operable forest types in the United States, built with input from a national team of silviculture experts from each National Forest System Region and Research Station of the USDA Forest Service. The compendium contains 240 silvicultural treatments, and 266 associated keyword component files (KCP) that are used with the Forest Service-supported Forest Vegetation Simulator (FVS), covering all regions and most commercial forest types in the United States in 2020. The treatments are based on current national forest plans and objectives but are relevant to other forested lands with similar conditions and management objectives. In part, the silvicultural compendium provides plausible real-world treatments to be used by planners, modelers, for training purposes (e.g., National Advanced Silviculture Program), and by others needing to simulate management-driven treatments with validated silvicultural parameters defined by silviculture experts from each region. Currently, KCP files for Regions 1-6 are available (Regions 8, 9 and 10 will be added as they are finalized). This data publication also includes information files such as a complete description of the 8 main treatment types and a list of each national forest and their organization code and region. Also included is a crosswalk between the KCP files and vegetation characteristics which can be used to apply KCPs to stands within each national forest in the United States, assigning treatments by biophysical setting, NVC and Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) cover type is included. Additionally, a table documenting a broad potential application of KCP files to appropriate National Vegetation Classifications (NVC) that are not represented in the compendium but exist within a given national forest is provided. This list of treatments by NVC and forest can be used to assign treatments to areas that are otherwise unassigned treatments within the compendium.The rapid pace of environmental and socioeconomic change poses a considerable challenge to managing for resilient and productive forests for the remainder of the 21st century. Nuanced management priorities will continue to evolve but the current challenges to address climate change, wildfires, insects and diseases, and invasive species will remain, and will require science-based and often active forest management to achieve resilient and productive forests. The national silviculture compendium was designed for use in large-scale modeling of forest treatments with potential application on over 300 million forested acres in the United States. Treatments are not intended to replace site-specific information or local expertise for actual on-the-ground plans but are generalized treatments that include parameters that are plausible for an identified objective, current condition, and desired condition. And although not intended to cover every conceivable situation, the silvicultural treatments were developed within the context of biophysical settings and forest types and address most of the conditions and objectives that prevail in each region across the country. Management needs that are addressed include forest restoration, fuel reduction, insects and disease resilience, timber production, wildlife habitat improvement, and many others. Moreover, almost all of the prescriptions were designated as improving multiple management objectives. \n\t  \nThe treatments in the compendium are limited to one entry, or the first entry within a multi-step process (referred to as a silviculture system). For example, the uneven-aged group selection treatment here includes species to retain, the percentage of stand in harvested groups, the size of the groups, the residual density of the matrix, as well as other parameters, but it does not specify the length of the cutting cycle. The primary objective of the silviculture compendium is to test the effectiveness of meeting landscape, regional, and national goals in the short term (3 to 5 years) by simulating real-world silvicultural treatments used presently, which are also socially acceptable, ecologically viable, economically desirable, and consistent with regional and forest-level standards and guidelines.For more information about these data, see Schuler et al. (in press).\n\t  \nThese data were published on 07\/20\/2023. On 06\/04\/2024, data for Region 4 were added along with minor metadata updates. On 04\/11\/2025, minor metadata updates were made as well as the addition of the Silviculture Compendium guide that covers the 240 silviculture treatments organized by Forest Service region.","keyword":["biota","environment","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","Restoration","Timber","Forest Vegetation Simulator","FVS","silviculture","forest management","United States"],"spatial":"-172.4431,17.8815,-65.2210,71.3870","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0037","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0037","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-04-11"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Data for \"Only sun-lit leaves of the uppermost canopy exceed both air temperature and photosynthetic thermal optima in a wet tropical forest\"","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0036","description":"The data in this publication include relative humidity, air temperature, vapor pressure deficit, leaf temperature, and photosynthetic photon flux density, collected at multiple canopy heights at the Sabana Field Research station in the Luquillo Experimental Forest located in Puerto Rico. Light sensors (photosynthetically active radiation) as well as air and leaf temperature sensors installed on a canopy access tower were collected approximately six weeks during the summer of 2017 and are provided as 30-minute averages. These data, collected as a part of the Tropical Response to Altered Climate Experiment (TRACE), were focused on the exploration of vertical microclimatic gradients that occur along the tropical canopy structure.These data were collected to explore the microclimatic change that occurs in a tropical wet forest canopy.For more information about this study and these data, see Miller et al. (2021).","keyword":["climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","environment","biota","Climate change","Ecological adaptation","tropical forests","microclimate","canopy","thermoregulation","air temperature","leaf temperature","vertical gradient","micrometeorology","infrared radiometry","photosynthetically active radiation","PAR","relative humidity","Luquillo Experimental Forest","Puerto Rico","Sabana Field Station","El Yunque National Forest"],"spatial":"-65.73058,18.32465,-65.73058,18.32465","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0036","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0036","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-03-29"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"University of Pennsylvania campus tree inventories, 2003 and 2014","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0038","description":"These data represent urban tree inventories from the campus of the University of Pennsylvania (Penn), located in the University City neighborhood of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Specifically, these data contain two linked inventories from 2003 and 2014. Data include tree removals (and the causes of those removals) between the two inventories, as well as new trees planted by 2014, genus and species, and diameter at breast height measured in 2003.Tree mortality studies are critical to understanding how urban forests change over time, but scholarship rarely addresses the human-directed nature of tree removals in cities. We examined tree removals and change over time on a highly urbanized college campus. Tree professionals from the University of Pennsylvania Facilities and Real Estate Office (FRES) and the Morris Arboretum of the University of Pennsylvania (Morris) collect tree data on campus to proactively manage this natural resource. In partnership with Forest Service researchers, two inventories (2003 and 2014) that were originally collected to aid in campus tree management were linked on a tree-by-tree basis to assess change over time. The process of linking the two inventories is described below. The research objectives for this project were: (1) determine causes of tree removal, (2) assess how well tree size and site type predict mortality, and (3) assess changes in the urban forest system, in terms of removals and planting, as well as taxonomic composition. This research contributes to scholarship on the temporal dynamics of urban forest systems, especially the central component of human decision-making in tree removals.For more information about these data see Roman et al. (2022).\n\t  \nThese data were published on 04\/04\/2022. On 04\/14\/2023 the metadata was updated to include reference to a newly published article.","keyword":["biota","environment","society","structure","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Plant ecology","Urban natural resources management","Environment and People","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Resource inventory","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","urban densification","redevelopment","building renovation","urban forest","tree monitoring","urban greening","urban greenspace","urban tree mortality","tree demography","sustainable campus","Pennsylvania","Philadelphia"],"spatial":"-75.203108,39.951838,-75.187514,39.953787","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0038","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0038","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-04-14"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Fire growth and associated weather data for selected Fires of Unusual Size (FOUS) and other fires from 2004-2018","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0040","description":"This data publication contains fire records and meteorological data that were collected to examine the differences in daily weather and fire growth during fires of unusual size (FOUS) compared to smaller fires. Fire information was collected from the National Infrared Operations (NIROPS) program, reconciled with collected progression maps, ICS-209 reports, and daily GIS shape\ufb01les for each \ufb01re, to try to provide a complete picture of fire progression. Weather measures include temperature, humidity, wind speed, and weather-based indexes such as Fosberg Fire Weather Index (FFWI), Hot-Dry-Windy, Evaporative Demand Drought Index (EDDI), etc. Fire and weather data from July 2004 to September 2018 are provided for various locations in the western United States. Data were obtained from 24 different FOUS as well as 24 other smaller, large fires (LFs) that were considered pair members because they were chosen as geographically close as possible to each individual FOUS. Also included are all notes taken during reconciliation of fire data.Extremely large wildfires, informally called \u201cmegafires,\u201d are of scientific interest and concern for fire management, public safety planning, and smoke related public health management. There is a need to predict them on time scales from days to decades. Understanding is limited, however, of the role of daily weather in determining their extreme size. These data were collected as part of a study to examine differences in the daily weather during these and other smaller fires, and in the two sets of fires\u2019 responses to daily weather and antecedent atmospheric dryness. The results of the study could help improve planning for these types of events both in the short term and in terms of climate impacts on fire.For more information about this study and these data, see Potter and McEnvoy (2021).","keyword":["wildfire","diurnal effects","forest fires","FOUS","fires of unusual size","megafires","antecedent dryness","fire growth","vapor pressure deficit","Fosberg fire weather index","evaporative demand drought index","hot-dry-windy index","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","environment","Climate change","Climatology","Fire","western United States","Montana","Idaho","Colorado","California","Oregon","Washington","New Mexico","Arizona","Utah"],"spatial":"-123.95400,33.07900,-106.46900,48.84100","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0040","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0040","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-06-16"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Babeldaob Island wildfires (2012-2021)","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0039","description":"This data publication contains wildfire locations as well as areas of repeated wildfires on Babeldaob Island, Palau from 2012 to 2021. These data were digitized from a variety of sources: handheld global positioning system (GPS) fire perimeter mapping, aerial photo fire perimeter mapping, and satellite image fire perimeter mapping. In addition to 1) wildfire locations and 2) the areas of repeated wildfires, also included for Babeldaob Island are: 3) streams composed from topographic maps, 4) roads (obtained from Palau Automated Land and Resource Information Service (PALARIS) and updated with 2015 imagery), 5) locations of terrestrial protected areas, 6) mangrove vegetation around the island, 7) Babeldaob Island state boundaries, and 8) Babeldaob coastline.The purpose of this study was to summarize annual area and forest resources burned on Babeldaob Island, Palau.These data are a first edition that were published on 04\/07\/2022. On 02\/01\/2024, a newer edition of these data became available (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0039-2), which includes the addition of wildfire location data from 2022-2023. We recommend the use of the newer edition. On 01\/22\/2025, minor metadta updates were made.\t  \n\nFor more information about this study and these data, see Dendy et al. (2022; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/fire5020045).","keyword":["environment","society","Climate change","Fire","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","wildfire","forest","savanna","hunting","agriculture","remote sensing","Babeldaob Island","Palau"],"spatial":"-134.649,7.321,-134.458,7.738","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0039","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0039","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-01-22"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Post-fire tree regeneration in burned ponderosa pine forests of South Dakota, Wyoming, and Colorado, USA","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0042","description":"This data publication contains post-fire tree regeneration and other data for 807 plots distributed within and adjacent to 11 recent (10-18 year-old) wildfires in the Black Hills of South Dakota and Wyoming, the Laramie Mountains of Wyoming, and the Front Range of Colorado. Data collection occurred in 2014 and 2015. The overstory of all plots had been dominated or co-dominated by ponderosa pine at the time of burning. Plots were primarily located in areas that burned with high severity, although some plots were located in areas that burned less severely or were unburned. At each plot, we recorded species, height, and other attributes for all post-fire regenerating trees, and we recorded species, status, diameter at breast height, and other attributes for all overstory trees that were thought to have been alive prior to the fire. Additionally, at each plot we recorded numerous plot attributes, including (but not limited to) fire severity, distance from surviving forest, elevation, and coarse wood cover.These data were collected to quantify post-fire tree regeneration in ponderosa pine forests of the Black Hills of South Dakota and Wyoming, the Laramie Mountains of Wyoming, and the Front Range of Colorado, and to examine the site factors that govern it.For more information about these data and this study, see Chambers et al. (2016) and Rodman et al. (2020).\n\t  \nThe metadata for this data publication was originally published on 10\/25\/2022 and the associated data were under an embargo. On 04\/14\/2023 the metadata was updated to include a citation for a recently published article that is related to these data. On 01\/02\/2024 the data embargo was lifted.","keyword":["biota","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Plant ecology","Fire","Fire ecology","ponderosa pine","Pinus ponderosa","tree regeneration","wildfire","Colorado","South Dakota","Wyoming","Black Hills","Front Range"],"spatial":"-105.39514,39.02834,-103.32532,44.37365","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0042","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0042","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-01-02"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Wildfire risk under alternative fuel management strategies: spatial datasets of in situ and transmitted risk for populated areas in north-central New Mexico and Sierra Mountain Range within California","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0026","description":"Simulation modeling was used to examine tradeoffs and synergies between hypothetical post-treatment conditions generated according to distinct treatment prioritization schemes (Housing Protection, Federal Risk Transmission, Random) and variable treatment extents. We used stochastic wildfire simulation and computations of exposure to wildfire to compare strategy performance across two very large landscapes - the southern Sierra in California (approximately 28 million acres) and northern New Mexico (approximately 21 million acres). This data publication represents the model results for the two study areas analyzed as well as all input data required to reproduce our analysis. All input data and simulation model parameters were calibrated to represent conditions within the two study areas in 2015.Despite the recent progress represented by advances in fire simulation, quantitative estimates of risk informing fuels management planning, and risk analysis being used to inform planning that supports operational fire management decisions, a need remains for guidance for designing and prospectively evaluating landscape-scale fuel treatments with protection objectives, resource management objectives, and wildfire response in mind. This project looks to illustrate an approach for examining whether, and how, fuels management can foster the expansion of beneficial wildfire.For more information about this study and these data, see Thompson et al. (2022).\n\t  \nThese data were published on 04\/15\/2022. On 10\/24\/2024, minor metadata updates were made.","keyword":["burn probability","fire likelihood","fire modeling","fire planning","FLPGen","FSim","fuels management","hazard","Landscape Treatment Designer","risk assessment","wildfire","wildfire exposure","wildfire transmission","wildland-urban interface","fire suppression","forest management","biota","environment","planningCadastre","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Environment and People","Fire","Fire ecology","Fire suppression, pre-suppression","Wildland\/urban interface","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Assessments","Natural Resource Management & Use","Landscape management","California","New Mexico","United States"],"spatial":"-121.61627,34.26908,-104.22108,39.41426","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0026","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0026","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-10-24"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Savanna Remnant Restoration Study (2016-2020): plot locations and understory species abundance","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0041","description":"The Savanna Remnant Restoration Study (SRRS) was conducted at the Savannah River Site (SRS) near New Ellenton, SC. Seven treatments were applied to remove overstory hardwoods via cutting and various herbicide and non-herbicide methods in an effort to control hardwood regrowth and increase abundance and diversity of remnant savanna species, thereby restoring the native plant community. Two types of understory vegetation data were collected to evaluate treatment responses: (1) nested quadrat data to estimate understory species density (i.e., number of species versus sampled area), diversity, and equity, and (2) line transect data to estimate changes in understory species cover. Data were collected in the fall prior to treatment (2016) and annually for four years after treatment (2017-2020). These data were collected prior to a planned program of prescribed fire at 3-5 years intervals - a regime that is considered necessary for the establishment and maintenance of longleaf pine savanna species.Previous research on the SRS has identified mature hardwood forests as potential sources of remnant savanna vegetation that, in association with longleaf pine woodlands, once dominated much of the southeastern U.S. Tillage farming from the 1880's until 1950 eliminated much of the savanna woodland communities once present at the SRS. The objective of this research was to test the hypothesis that directed herbicide placement treatments are effective at restoring the native understory community with minimal collateral damage relative to hardwood cutting alone, cutting plus mechanical shredding of logging residues, or cutting plus broadcast herbicide application.For more information about this study and these data, see Harrington et al. (2021).","keyword":["biota","environment","farming","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Plant ecology","Fire","Prescribed fire","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Habitat management","species diversity","competition","herbicides","microclimate","South Carolina"],"spatial":"-81.6028283,33.1537142,-81.5212914,33.3802188","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0041","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0041","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-04-18"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Forest dynamics after thinning and fuel reduction in Pringle Falls Experimental Forest \u2013 bark beetle response data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0043","description":"A set of thinning and fuel reduction treatments were implemented in 2013-2015 as part of the Lookout Mountain Study in Pringle Falls Experimental Forest, Oregon. These data were collected post-treatment implementation in 2014-2016 to investigate the short-term response of bark beetle populations to the treatments. During a complete census of dead and dying trees, measurements recorded include tree species; diameter at breast height; diameter size class; cause of death; crown class; presence\/absence of: red turpentine beetle (Dendroctonus valens), woodpeckers, and secondary infestation of beetles; burn severity at two heights; and coordinates.Bark beetles are important disturbances in western forests. Some species cause extensive levels of tree mortality while others are secondary agents that cause only limited amounts of tree mortality that often goes unnoticed. Different types of thinning and fuel reduction treatments and the manner of implementation have different effects on the fuel matrix, which may influence the susceptibility of forests to bark beetles in different ways. These data investigate the short-term responses of bark beetles to thinning and fuel reduction treatments as part of the Lookout Mountain Study, which can inform management decisions in dry conifer forests of the Pacific Northwest, U.S.For more information about this study and these data, see Sherman et al. (2023).","keyword":["biota","environment","Forest & Plant Health","Insects","Pest management","Fire","Fire effects on environment","Prescribed fire","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Invertebrates","Dendroctonus","Ips pini","stand density","Pringle Falls Experimental Forest","Deschutes National Forest","Oregon"],"spatial":"-121.70307411,43.78299819,-121.64199335,43.81296341","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0043","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0043","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-04-08"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Ecological field sound recordings of U.S. Department of Defense, U.S. Army Fort Wainwright Training Lands, Alaska","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0048","description":"This data publication includes 82,025 sound recordings from automated audio recording units (ARUs) for a study of bioacoustics (species-specific sounds) and ecoacoustics (soundscape conditions). We sampled the ecoacoustics of lacustrine, riverine, lowland, and upland environments on training lands managed by U.S. Army Garrison (USAG) Alaska in the boreal biome of central Alaska during June-August 2019 and April-September 2020. The study area included Tanana Flats and Yukon Training Areas of USAG Alaska, and adjacent locations of Bonanza Creek Experimental Forest and Alaska Peatland Experiment site just north of Tanana Flats Training Area, representing diverse environmental conditions.To determine presence and phenology of individual wildlife species based on their vocalizations and other sounds, and to explore the dynamics of soundscapes of the region, in part to help establish a baseline from which future sound studies can be conducted to determine changes in species and soundscapes and to help identify portions of the study area most, and least, affected by human-sourced noise. The sound files resulted from a part of a broader study conducted on Fort Wainwright, U.S. Army training lands, during an interagency research project between U.S. Department of Defense, U.S. Army and the U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station under funding from the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) and overseen by the Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (CRREL).For more information about these data and this study, see Douglas et al. (2022).\n\t  \nThese data were originally published on 05\/03\/2022. Minor metadata updates made on 05\/10\/2022.\n\n**IMPORTANT NOTE: Only a subset of the WAV files (JULY 1, 2019 files across all 24 ARUs) are available for immediate download. The complete package is 2.8 TB. If interested in the entire package, please contact the Archive Team (https:\/\/www.fs.usda.gov\/rds\/archive\/contactus).","keyword":["environment","intelligenceMilitary","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Wildlife (or Fauna)","audio recording unit","bioacoustics","ecoacoustics","soundscape","automated recording unit","wave files","Alaska","Fort Wainwright","Tanana Flats Training Area","Yukon Training Area","Bonanza Creek Experimental Forest","Alaska Peatland Experiment site"],"spatial":"-148.66670,63.71670,-145.70800,64.81670","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0048","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0048","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-05-10"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Bent Creek Experimental Forest: Data from the 2005-2007 survey of visitor characteristics, perceptions, economics and traffic","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0049","description":"Vehicles and visitors entering Bent Creek Experimental Forest (BCEF) in the Pisgah National Forest, near Asheville, NC, were inventoried  from mid-2005 to mid-2007 to establish a baseline of visitation for management of dispersed recreation. A study using a stratified random sampling design was conducted that resulted in three datasets: (1) blocks of sampling dates and times during which all vehicles entering were counted, (2) onsite interviews of drivers of selected vehicles entering during a block of time to determine their reason for visiting and other information, and (3) telephone follow-up interviews of selected visitors to determine costs of their visit and other information. A total of 350 blocks of 2-hour intervals of time were designated for counting all entering vehicles and interviewing drivers of randomly selected vehicles. Onsite interviews were conducted with 4,167 vehicle occupants to determine the destination in BCEF of their visit, the type of planned recreational activity (hiking, biking), the number of occupants by gender and age class, and if pets were present. Telephone interviews were conducted later with 1,106 visitors to obtain additional data including their age, education, evaluation of environmental conditions, number and distance travelled for this visit, and expenses. Included with the three data sets are survey forms used for the data collection and maps of the BCEF.Experimental forests of the USDA Forest Service are established in national forests for the purpose of conducting forestry research primarily on subjects related to silviculture and its effects on wildlife habitat and hydrology. The research forests also allow dispersed outdoor recreation of the type provided by national forests, however there are few reports from social science studies that have utilized this community of users either as an available audience for environmental education or as a source of environmental disturbance associated with their activities. Visitation data are available for entire national forest areas, but not for specific areas, such as experimental forests. \n\nBent Creek Experimental Forest is located near a large urban and suburban population and is heavily used for dispersed recreation. This investigation provides data on the volume and distribution of visitation among types of recreation activities pursued at Bent Creek Experimental Forest and as a baseline for future studies. The data included in this study were collected with the objectives: (1) sampling the volume of vehicles entering Bent Creek Experimental Forest (BCEF), (2) learning the planned purpose of the visit from vehicle occupant(s) from an immediate onsite (in person) interview, and (3) determining characteristics, perceptions and economic information associated with their visit from a follow-up telephone interview.For more information about this study and these data, see McNab et al. (2023).\n\t  \nThese data were published on 05\/09\/2022. On 10\/05\/2023, minor metadata changes were made which included a citation update for a newly published article.","keyword":["society","economy","Environment and People","Recreation","dispersed recreation","economic values","forest recreation","local community recreation activities","recreation survey","seasonal variation","tourist expenditures","traffic trends","unmanaged recreation","vehicle counts","vehicle occupants","visitor's pets","Bent Creek Experimental Forest","North Carolina","Buncombe County","Pisgah National Forest","Pisgah Ranger District"],"spatial":"-82.59095,35.44537,-82.67198,35.52220","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0049","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0049","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-10-05"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Greenhouse gas emissions and removals from forest land, woodlands, and urban trees in the United States, 1990-2020: Estimates and quantitative uncertainty for individual states, regional ownership groups, and National Forest System regions","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0052","description":"As a signatory to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the United States has been reporting an economy-wide inventory of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and removals since the mid-1990s (U.S. EPA 2022). Estimates of GHG emissions and removals from forest land, woodlands in the grassland category, and urban trees in settlements are compiled by U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service researchers and are based primarily on National Forest Inventory (NFI) data collected and maintained by the Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program within the USDA Forest Service. The estimates of GHG emissions and removals provided in this publication are based on the compilation reported in the Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry chapter of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (2022) submission to the UNFCCC. Included in this package are 18 tables of estimates and 2 tables of quantitative uncertainties.These estimates are being provided in this format to make them more accessible for use in sub-national reporting or further analysis.For more information about these data, see Domke et al. (2022).\n\t  \nThese data were published on 09\/22\/2022. Metadata updated on 01\/17\/2023 to include complete citation for newly published article.","keyword":["biota","environment","Climate change","Carbon","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Fire","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Resource inventory","Natural Resource Management & Use","Ecosystem services","greenhouse gas ","emissions and removals","carbon stocks","carbon net flux","forest carbon","woodland carbon","land use","land use change","drained organic soils","settlement trees","conterminous United States","Hawaii","Alaska"],"spatial":"172,18,-66,72","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0052","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0052","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-01-17"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"USDA Forest Service employee demographic data for diversity and inclusion analysis, 1995-2017","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0053","description":"The USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station's Diversity & Inclusion Science Team has been analyzing demographic diversity trends within the agency using data provided by Human Resources Management (HRM). These data are presented here and include select demographic information from HRM for all Forest Service employees between October 1995 and September 2017. Variables of note include each employee's appointment year, separation year, deputy area, job series, gender, and race\/ethnicity. There are three datasets included in this data publication, each showing a slightly different view of the data. The first dataset provides both permanent and temporary employee-fiscal year level demographic and career data. The second dataset provides summary employee demographic and career data (one row for each employee) as well as other employee level metrics such as advancement and length of service for those employees who at some point in their career became permanent or were never volunteers. The last dataset identifies which employees began their career with the Forest Service through an internship\/student trainee program.These data were collected to analyze diversity and inclusion trends among Forest Service employees over a thirty-year period. The intent of this work is to provide Forest Service leaders, managers, employees, as well as the scientific community, insight into the success (or lack thereof) of diversification efforts within the agency. We are also able to understand how racial\/ethnic backgrounds and gender intersect to create different career outcomes.For more information on these data and this study, see Westphal et al. (2022), Sachdeva et al. (2023), and Dockry et al. (2022).\n\t  \nThese data were published on 08\/29\/2022. Metadata updates were made on 12\/16\/2024 to update reference to associated publications.","keyword":["economy","society","Environment and People","diversity","multiculturalism","Forest Service","federal workforce","employment","United States","Alaska","Puerto Rico"],"spatial":"-179,18,-67,71","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0053","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0053","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-12-16"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Luquillo Experimental Forest atmospheric and high and mid elevation weather data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0050","description":"This data publication contains daily means from laser ceilometer data from Sabana, ozone data from Bisley, and meteorological data collected from Bisley and the mountain top station of East Peak, all located on the Luquillo Experimental Forest (El Yunque National Forest) in Puerto Rico. Atmospheric data include: mean cloud observed frequency, mean lowest height cloud (cloud base), mean daytime mixing layer height observed frequency, mean lowest mixing layer height from hours 7am and 7pm only, and mean daytime mixing layer height collected from February 2013 through April 2021. Also included is mean ozone amount collected from April 2008 through early April 2021. The cloud and mixing layer frequency and low values were calculated using the Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS) method employed at airports in the area. Weather data include high elevation East Peak mean northeast wind speed (wind rose quartiles 45\u00b0 to 90\u00b0), mean southeast wind speed (wind rose quartiles 90\u00b0 to 135\u00b0), and mean total wind speed measured from October 2009 through 2020 (and a few months in 2021). Additional weather data collected from January 2008 through mid October 2020 include mid elevation Bisley mean precipitation, mean relative humidity, and mean temperature.The atmospheric and high and mid elevation weather data were collected to study the regional atmospheric patterns surrounding in the Luquillo Mountains, a protected tropical montane cloud forest situated between the coast and the large urban area of San Juan.For more information about this study and these data, see Van Beusekom and Gonz\u00e1lez (2022).\n\t  \nThese data were published on 05\/17\/2022. On 10\/24\/2024, minor metadata updates were made.","keyword":["biota","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","Climate change","Climate change effects","Forest & Plant Health","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","disturbance","hurricanes","tropical forests","Luquillo Experimental Forest","Puerto Rico","Sabana Field Station","El Yunque National Forest","Luquillo Mountains"],"spatial":"-65.89737,18.21337,-65.69412,18.36528","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0050","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0050","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-10-24"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Northeastern Puerto Rico open-canopy and under-canopy temperature and moisture data on an elevational gradient","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0051","description":"This data publication contains monthly means of temperature and moisture data collected from August 2006 through September 2021 from 22 locations along an elevational gradient, from 0 to 1045 meters, in Northeastern Puerto Rico. The higher elevational data are in the Luquillo Experimental Forest (El Yunque National Forest). Five kinds of data are included: air temperature and precipitation measured in the open (not under canopy) at 20 locations, air temperature and soil temperature both measured under the canopy at all 22 locations, and soil moisture under the canopy at 4 locations. Two locations have 3 sites each, measured in different canopy types at the same location. The other 20 locations have one site each, making a total of 26 measurement sites. Data are provided as monthly averages at each site.These data were collected to study the elevational differences and climate trends influencing the large diversity of microbe and animal characteristics, soil dynamics, and vegetation properties in northeastern Puerto Rico.For more information about this study and these data, see Van Beusekom et al. (2023).\n\t  \nThese data were published on 05\/17\/2022. Minor metadata updates were made on 11\/22\/2024.","keyword":["biota","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","Climate change","Climate change effects","Forest & Plant Health","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","climate change","disturbance","hurricanes","tropical forests","Luquillo Experimental Forest","Puerto Rico","Sabana Field Station","El Yunque National Forest","Luquillo Mountains"],"spatial":"-65.20861,18.09240,-65.59976,18.45804","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0051","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0051","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-11-22"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Smoothed raster of wildfire transmission to buildings in the continental United States","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0015-2","description":"Recent fire seasons in the continental United States have motivated federal agencies to explore scenarios for augmenting current fuel management and forest restoration in areas where fires ignite and spread to buildings in adjacent communities. This data publication contains one (1) geodatabase raster representing a spatial assessment within the continental U.S. of areas at high risk of igniting fires that spread to and expose buildings as a smoothed raster of sources of annual building exposure from wildfire. This raster was created by intersecting simulated wildfire perimeters with building location data over 10,000 to 100,000 fire seasons. This assessment was completed for the year 2020. These data can be used in scenario planning to helps design fuel treatment program that target wildfire exposure to developed areas. The continental scale of the data support expanded use of scenario planning science to analyze and communicate large scale expansion of current forest and fuel management initiatives.Wildfire impacts to developed areas have stimulated wide-ranging policy discussions about the role of active forest management to reduce hazardous fuels on federal and private wildlands. An assessment of areas that have the highest likelihood to ignite fires that spread to buildings in developed areas are needed. These spatial data were used to estimate sources of wildfire ignitions that spread to and expose communities to help highlight areas that could be targeted for fuels reduction treatments and other risk mitigation efforts.The first edition of these data was published on 03\/10\/2022 (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0015). This newer edition (2nd edition) displays the data per pixel values instead of per acre values. Layer files are also provided, which allows the matching of the symbology to the png file included in this package.","keyword":["geoscientificInformation","structure","Fire","Fire effects on environment","Wildland\/urban interface","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","wildfire","wildfire exposure","wildfire transmission","wildfire management","continental United States"],"spatial":"-127.88855,22.87372,-65.49744,51.60533","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0015-2","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0015-2","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-05-23"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"United States census block groups converted to singlepart polygons and with water removed, 2013-2017","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0054","description":"Many block groups (and other Census geographies) are stored as multipart polygons. In other words, a single row in the attribute table corresponds to multiple discrete, non-overlapping polygons in the Geographic Information System (GIS). One concern with multipart polygons is that the area of overlap with another spatial dataset could be distorted because the area of a multipart polygon corresponds to the sum of all sub-polygons combined, which might not necessarily be the ones that overlap target features like drive time polygons, neighborhood files, or other districts. One area is attributed to all of the smaller discrete, non-overlapping pieces. A second concern with multipart polygons is how it affects spatially-explicit socioeconomic and demographic analyses because within a single block group polygon there are non-residential areas, where people do not live, such as areas of water. Therefore, the precision and realism of Census geographies can be improved by erasing out the water area. These data ameliorate both the multipart and water issues. This data publication provides a singlepart polygon of United States census block groups with the water removed for the entire United States between 2013 and 2017. Data are provided as both an Esri shapefile and a geopackage and include: GEOID, state name, county name, area of census block group, area of the single part polygon (or the particular row), and the proportion the single part polygon is of the larger multipart. Also included in an R Markdown file with the script used to complete this conversion.The purpose of these data is to improve estimates derived from overlaying Census data with other polygons. The result of rectifying both the multipart polygon issue and the water issue is an improved analysis-ready set of polygons. It was computationally intensive to do this - which might explain why this isn't widely available already, and why making this available to others might be of value.Further development is encouraged! The script should work with only minor modification for other Census geographies and\/or other years of data. For example: the script currently runs batches of counties per state. This is a prime example of a so called \"embarrassingly parallel\" problem. Each loop iteration is independent of the results before or after, so modification to take advantage of additional cores would decrease the time needed to re-run this process again.","keyword":["boundaries","inlandWaters","location","society","Environment and People","census","no water","singlepart polygons","United States","Distict of Columbia","Puerto Rico"],"spatial":"-179.14680,17.88329,179.77850,71.35927","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0054","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0054","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-05-27"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Paired quality assurance and operational field data from the northern region of the U.S. Forest Inventory and Analysis program","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0056","description":"This publication includes collected forest measurement and quality assurance (QA) data used to quantify measurement uncertainty within the data collected by the Northern Region of the USDA Forest Service, Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA). Field data were collected for the FIA program by the field crew and then the quality assurance crews collected data on the same trees and plots in order to examine bias and assess compliance with measurement quality objectives. The data in this publication include both the FIA and QA measurements from a recent inventory cycle from 2011 to 2016 with measurements occurring from October 2010 to April 2017, depending on the state.The FIA program has a quality assurance program to assess the repeatability and quality of field measurements. A subset of field measurements are remeasured by QA field crews, who have extensive supervisory, training, and field experience, ideally within three weeks of the original measurements, on at least 4% of plots (Gormanson et al. 2017; Pollard et al. 2006; USDA 2019). These are conducted as \u201cblind checks,\u201d meaning that the QA crew does not view the measurements conducted during the earlier plot visit by the field crew. Although the primary purpose of the QA program has been to evaluate and improve field crew performance, the difference between the two measurements is a rich source of data for quantifying uncertainty in a wide variety of forest measurements.For more information about these data, see Yanai et al. (2022).\n\t  \nThis data package was published on 01\/25\/2023. On 08\/27\/2025 we corrected the publication year, which was incorrectly set to 2022, to 2023.","keyword":["biota","planningCadastre","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Assessments","Monitoring","Resource inventory","quality assurance","quality control","field crew","measurement error","Connecticut","Delaware","Illinois","Indiana","Iowa","Kansas","Maine","Maryland","Massachusetts","Michigan","Minnesota","Missouri","Nebraska","New Hampshire","New Jersey","New York","North Dakota","Ohio","Pennsylvania","Rhode Island","South Dakota","Vermont","West Virginia","Wisconsin"],"spatial":"-104.04320,36.17967,-67.16894,49.19354","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0056","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0056","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-01-26"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Silvicultural Options Study: plot locations, tree growth, tree regeneration, and understory species abundance","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0055","description":"The Silvicultural Options Study (SOS) is a long-term study replicated on three sites (blocks) containing mature second-growth Douglas-fir on the Capitol State Forest, Washington State Department of Natural Resources, near Olympia, Washington. Each site contains six treatment areas that are being managed and regenerated according to standard silvicultural regimes (i.e., clearcut, two-age, patch cutting, group selection, thinning, and non-treated; the latter two regimes represent a deferred final harvest). The six silvicultural regimes were implemented in 1998, 2002, and 2004 at the Blue Ridge, Copper Ridge, and Rusty Ridge sites, respectively, and they include even- and uneven-aged silvicultural regimes assuming a 50-year rotation. The patch and group treatments have a 10-year harvest interval, while the thinning treatment has a 20-year harvest interval. This data publication contains the tree and understory vegetation measurements being taken from a systematic grid of permanent 0.20-acre circular plots, including: (1) tree stem and crown growth (measured December 1996 - May 2019), (2) tree regeneration size and abundance by species and origin (i.e., natural versus planted) (measured January 1997 - November 2009), and (3) visual estimates of cover by dominant understory species (measured December 1997 - November 2009). Initial measurements were taken at 5-year intervals, but later the measurement interval was changed to 10 years. These data are being used to compare forest productivity and stand structure among silvicultural regimes.The long-term Silvicultural Options Study was initiated in 1998 to provide examples of a range of harvest, stand tending, and regeneration practices that could be used to achieve a wide range of management objectives, including improved visual aesthetics and wildlife habitat. The study is serving as the basis for comparing yields and associated costs of alternative silvicultural systems for coast Douglas-fir in western Washington, as well as a visual demonstration area for foresters, planners, and the public. In the study, a silvicultural regime is defined as a planned program of silvicultural treatments covering the entire life of the stand, but it may or may not include a pre-determined date or method of harvest and regeneration (i.e., a \u201cdeferred harvest\u201d). Six silvicultural regimes were selected to represent a wide range of management alternatives thought to be biologically, operationally, and economically feasible for regenerating and managing Douglas-fir based on existing knowledge and experience.These data were originally published on 06\/08\/2022. On 09\/15\/2023, minor metadata updates were made and diameter at breast height (dbh) values for SOS_tree_growth_data.csv were corrected. In processing, dbh values for all years were rounded to whole numbers. However, only 1996-1997 dbh data were recorded as whole numbers and for all other years dbh was measured to the nearest 0.1 inches. Dbh values are now provided as measured (whole numbers for 1996-1997 and to the nearest 0.1 inches for 1998+).","keyword":["environment","biota","farming","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Plant ecology","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Habitat management","Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii","silvicultural systems","regeneration harvest","forest productivity","visual aesthetics","tree growth","tree regeneration","understory species cover","latitude\/longitude","Washington","Capitol State Forest"],"spatial":"-123.23991,46.85332,-123.02906,47.04455","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0055","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0055","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-09-15"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Extraction and estimation of the quantity of calcium oxalate crystals in the foliage of conifer and hardwood trees","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0057","description":"This data publication includes the results of a study to develop a method for the extraction and indirect estimation of the quantity of calcium oxalate (CaOx) in tree foliage. This study included five sites in New Hampshire, four of which were in the Seaboard Lowlands section of the New England Physiographic Province and the fifth in the White Mountain section of the New England Physiographic Province. A large pool of foliar tissue was collected from a single tree of ten different species (five conifer and five hardwoods) in 2010 (Experiment 1). This provided homogeneous samples used to make comparisons of extractions in different solvents. For ten replicates of each species, calcium and oxalate were extracted from foliage in the following sequential steps: 1) double deionized water (DDW), 2) 2N Acetic acid (CH3COOH), and lastly, 3) five of the ten replicates were extracted in 5% (0.83N) Perchloric acid (PCA, HClO4) and the other five in 2N Hydrochloric acid (HCl) by freeze-thawing (3X) in each solvent. Total calcium (Ca), and other elements, were extracted by microwave digestion and quantified with an Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrophotometer (ICP-OES), oxalate (and other organic acids) using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). This experiment was then repeated with two conifer and two hardwood species using four trees per species and two analytical replicates for each tree in June 2014 (Experiment 2).Method development for the extraction and estimation of calcium oxalate in the foliage of several forest tree species.For more information about this study and these data, see Minocha et al. (2015).","keyword":["biota","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Ecology","Plant ecology","Forest & Plant Health","Botany","calcium oxalate","calcium","oxalic acid","foliar physiology","sequential extraction","direct extraction","red spruce","eastern hemlock","white pine","Norway spruce","balsam fir","red oak","black oak","trembling aspen","American beech","yellow birch","sugar maple","New Hampshire","Hedgehog Mountain","Strafford County","Carroll County","Durham","Madbury","Albany","University of New Hampshire-Durham campus","Woodman Horticultural Farm","Kingman Farm","East Foss Farm","Louis C. Wyman Forest Sciences Laboratory"],"spatial":"-71.3672,43.1189,-70.9294,43.9742","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0057","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0057","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-06-17"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Juneau stream chemistry and discharge for calculation of inorganic carbon flux","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0058","description":"This data publication contains tabular stream sampling data collected from five streams located in five independent watersheds. Streamwater samples were taken along the Juneau, Alaska road system from the following streams: Cowee Creek, Fish Creek, Herbert River, Mendenhall River, and Peterson Creek. Water samples were collected intermittently, from weekly to monthly, from 2015 through 2020. Data provided include streamwater temperature, pH, and alkalinity. Daily stream discharge measurements recorded between 2015 and 2020 (continuity of measurements vary across the streams) are also provided for all sites except the Mendenhall River.The goal of collecting these data was to provide a long-term record of stream chemical constituents and streamwater flow to model watershed chemical behavior and freshwater element flux from the watersheds.These data were published on 06\/13\/2023. Minor metadata updates, including citation updates, were made on 01\/06\/2025. \n\t  \nFor more information about these data and this study, see Harley et al. (2023).","keyword":["inlandWaters","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","alkalinity","pH","stream temperatures","dissolved inorganic carbon","stream water","geochemistry","stream discharge","streamflow","Alaska","Juneau"],"spatial":"-134.91424,58.330227,-134.59067,58.652057","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0058","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0058","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-01-06"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Data on the effects of environmental pollution on carbon and nitrogen metabolism of one-, two-, and three-year-old needles and sapwood plugs collected in 2004 from Norway spruce from six forested sites within the Czech Republic","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0059","description":"The data included in this publication were obtained as part of a comparative study of the metabolism of one-, two-, and three-year-old needles and sapwood plugs of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst) collected from six forested sites in the Kru\u0161n\u00e9 Hory (Ore) and Slavok Forest Mountain Ranges in northern Czech Republic. All samples were collected from September 21-24, 2004. Foliage and sapwood plugs were collected from 15 randomly selected Norway spruce from 30 x 30 meter plots previously established in \u010cern\u00fd Potok, Kov\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1, Na\u010det\u00edn, and P\u0159ebuz in Kru\u0161n\u00e9 Hory, and Pluh\u016fv bor and Lysina catchments in the Slavkov Forest. Together these sites represent a historic pollution gradient. Foliar and sapwood data include free polyamines, free amino acids, soluble ions, chlorophyll, and soluble protein analyzed by HPLC, ICP-OES and spectrophotometer.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of air pollution on the metabolism of foliage and sapwood of Norway spruce growing in northern Czech Republic.","keyword":["biota","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Ecology","Plant ecology","Forest & Plant Health","Botany","Natural Resource Management & Use","polyamines","amino acids","exchangeable ions","chlorophyll","soluble protein","foliar physiology","metabolism","nutrients","Norway spruce","Czech Republic","Kru\u0161n\u00e9 Hory (Ore) Mountains","Slavkov Forest","\u010cern\u00fd Potok","Kov\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1","Lysina","Na\u010det\u00edn","Pluh\u016fv Bor","P\u0159ebuz"],"spatial":"12.5800,50.0353,13.2544,50.5892","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0059","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0059","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-06-21"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04"],"programCode":["010:164"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Insect biomass and abundance in the Wassuk, Toiyabe, Toquima, and Monitor ranges, Nevada, and on the east slope of the Sierra Nevada, California","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0060","description":"These data document counts of insect orders and insect biomass in 5 mountain canyons in the western Great Basin (Mineral County, Nevada, and Alpine and Mono Counties, California) and 5 mountain canyons in the central Great Basin (Lander, Nye, and Eureka Counties, Nevada). Data were collected during June-August of 2018 and 2019. Data on insect biomass were collected with 10 x 15 centimeter sticky traps set at a height of 1.2 meters. Four traps were set in each of the 10 canyons, and trap locations spanned an elevational gradient. Traps were changed every 8-10 days. The number of insects on each trap was counted, the insects were identified to order, and traps were weighed to estimate relative insect biomass. Data include trap biomass, counts of each insect order on each trap, date on which the trap was collected, and location of the trap.These data were collected in order to determine if insect biomass changed over time, differed over space, or both within the avian breeding season, or over an elevational gradient relevant to breeding birds. Insects are an important source of food for breeding birds. Data were collected at sites located within 100 meters of points at which we sample breeding birds (Fleishman 2019: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0002-4 and Fleishman 2019: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0031-2).","keyword":["biota","environment","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Invertebrates","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Animal ecology","insect","sticky trap","elevational gradient","Great Basin","insect biomass","JFSP","Joint Fire Science Program","Southwest Climate Adaptation Science Center","Northwest Climate Adaptation Science Center","Nevada","California","central Nevada","east slope Sierra Nevada","Great Basin","Toiyabe Range","Toquima Range","Monitor Range","Lander County","Nye County","Eureka County","western Great Basin","eastern California","Bodie Mountains","Wassuk Range","Sierra Nevada","Mineral County","Alpine County","Mono County"],"spatial":"-119.28,38.08,-116.41,39.48","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0060","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0060","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-06-23"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04"],"programCode":["010:164"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Daily temperature measurements in the Wassuk, Shoshone, Toiyabe, Toquima, and Monitor ranges, Nevada, and on the east slope of the Sierra Nevada, California","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0061","description":"These data document daily temperature measurements at four locations in each of five mountain canyons in the western Great Basin (Mineral County, Nevada, and Alpine and Mono Counties, California) and five mountain canyons in the central Great Basin (Lander, Nye, and Eureka Counties, Nevada) for a total of 40 locations. Sampling locations spanned the elevational gradients of the canyons and were within the 100-meter points at which we sampled breeding birds. Data were collected through deployment of data loggers (HOBO Pendant MX Temperature\/Light Data Logger) at each of the 40 locations. Data were collected during late May through early August of 2018 and 2019. Data include daily maximum, minimum, and mean temperatures, location of logger, and date of measurement.These data were collected in order to understand differences in temperature along an elevational gradient and over time at fine spatial resolution, and whether temperature was associated with avian elevational movement within the avian breeding season. Data were collected within 100 meters of points at which we sample breeding birds (Fleishman 2019: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0002-4 and Fleishman 2019: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0031-2).","keyword":["climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","Climate change","Climatology","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","microclimate","temperature","HOBO logger","data logger","JFSP","Joint Fire Science Program","Southwest Climate Adaptation Science Center","Northwest Climate Adaptation Science Center","Nevada","California","central Nevada","east slope Sierra Nevada","Great Basin","Toiyabe Range","Toquima Range","Monitor Range","Lander County","Nye County","Eureka County","western Great Basin","eastern California","Bodie Mountains","Wassuk Range","Sierra Nevada","Mineral County","Alpine County","Mono County"],"spatial":"-119.28,38.08,-116.41,39.48","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0061","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0061","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-06-23"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04"],"programCode":["010:164"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Plant phenology in the Wassuk, Toiyabe, Toquima, and Monitor ranges, Nevada, and on the east slope of the Sierra Nevada, California","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0062","description":"These data document phenological measurements of individual plants of species that provide food for birds in 5 mountain canyons in the western Great Basin (Mineral, Douglas, and Lyon Counties, Nevada; and Alpine and Mono Counties, California) and 5 mountain canyons in the central Great Basin (Lander, Nye, and Eureka Counties, Nevada). Sampling locations spanned the elevational gradients of the canyons and were within the 100-meter points at which we sampled breeding birds. Plant species examined included bitterbrush (Purshia tridentata), aspen (Populus tremuloides), cottonwood (Populus spp.), water birch (Betula occidentalis), bitter cherry (Prunus emarginata), snowberry (Symphoricarpos spp.), chokecherry (Prunus virginiana), Woods' rose (Rosa woodsii), willow (Salix spp.), and currant (Ribes spp.). We tracked nine phenological stages: percentage of breaking leaf buds, young leaves, mature leaves, leaf death, flower buds, open flowers, pollen release, unripe fruits, and ripe fruits. Data were collected during June-August of 2018 and 2019. Data include date and location of collection, and percentage of each plant in each of the nine phenological stages.These data were collected in order to determine if plant phenology changed temporally within the avian breeding season or differed spatially over an elevational gradient relevant to breeding birds. Data were collected at locations within 100 meters of points at which we sample breeding birds (Fleishman 2019: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0002-4 and Fleishman 2019: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0031-2).","keyword":["biota","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Plant ecology","phenology","Great Basin","bitterbrush","Purshia tridentata","aspen","Populus tremuloides","cottonwood","Populus spp.","water birch","Betula occidentalis","bitter cherry","Prunus emarginata","snowberry","Symphoricarpos spp.","chokecherry","Prunus virginiana","Woods' rose","Rosa woodsii","currant","Ribes spp.","willow","Salix spp.","JFSP","Joint Fire Science Program","Southwest Climate Adaptation Science Center","Northwest Climate Adaptation Science Center","Nevada","California","central Nevada","east slope Sierra Nevada","Great Basin","Toiyabe Range","Toquima Range","Monitor Range","Lander County","Nye County","Eureka County","western Great Basin","eastern California","Bodie Mountains","Wassuk Range","Sierra Nevada","Mineral County","Alpine County","Mono County"],"spatial":"-119.28,38.08,-116.41,39.48","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0062","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0062","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-06-23"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Horizon scanning data for the future of outdoor recreation on public lands","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0063","description":"Horizon scanning involves searching both within and outside a topic or field of interest for signals of change. It is fundamental to strategic foresight projects and works by gathering \u201cscan hits\u201d: signals of potential change. Some scan hits are weak signals of change, others are strong signals; both are important to consider. This data publication includes a subset of recreation-related scan hits from the Forest Futures Horizon Scanning Project database. While the data indicate potential changes globally, the focus was changes that could have an impact on U.S. public lands over the next 30 years. The resulting data include the title and original URL (when live at time of publication) for the scan hits relevant to outdoor recreation, the tag which denotes the horizon and content tags used in the horizon scanning, and then an indication of which categories (activities, ecology related, place related, recreation management related, social related, technology related, and economy) and sub-categories the particular scan hit was coded to.The purpose of this study was to use horizon scanning to develop a database of signals of change - strong and weak, internal and external - in order to develop ideas of the range of possible public lands recreation futures over the next 30 years. This, in turn, informs policy makers, planners, and practitioners, allowing them to envision futures that they can plan for now\u2013-whether that planning aims at a specific future or tries to avoid or minimize negative possible future outcomes.These data were originally published on 09\/28\/2022. Metadata updates, including reference to newly published article, were made on 01\/06\/2025.\n\t  \nFor more information about this study and these data, see Westphal (2022) and Hines et al. (2019).","keyword":["biota","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","economy","environment","health","inlandWaters","society","transportation","Climate change","Climate change effects","Human response","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Environment and People","Community development","Quality of life","Recreation","Social values, ethics","Urban natural resources management","Fire","Fire effects on environment","Forest & Plant Health","Climate effects","Human effects","Invasive species","Forest Products","Natural Resource Management & Use","Economics","Ecosystem services","Water","Wilderness","Wildlife (or Fauna)","recreation","horizon scan","strategic foresight","futures","public lands","United States"],"spatial":"172,18,-66,72","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0063","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0063","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-01-06"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"The 1990-2020 wildland-urban interface of the conterminous United States - geospatial data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0012-3","description":"The Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) is the area where houses meet or intermingle with undeveloped wildland vegetation. This makes the WUI a focal area for human-environment conflicts such as wildland fires, habitat fragmentation, invasive species, and biodiversity decline. Using geographic information systems (GIS), we integrated U.S. Census and USGS National Land Cover Data, to map the Federal Register definition of WUI (Federal Register 66:751, 2001) for the conterminous United States from 1990-2020. These data are useful within a GIS for mapping and analysis at national, state, and local levels. Data are available as a geodatabase and include information such as housing densities for 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020; wildland vegetation percentages for 1992, 2001, 2011, and 2019; as well as WUI classes in 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020.To provide a spatially detailed national assessment of the Wildland Urban Interface (WUI) and WUI change between 1990 and 2020 across the coterminous U.S. to support wildland fire research, policy and management, and inquiries into the effects of housing growth on the environment.This data publication, published on 09\/08\/2022 is a third edition. The first edition (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0012) contained data representing the 2010 WUI of the conterminous United States. The second edition (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0012-2) contained data that represented the 1990-2010 WUI. This third edition contains data that represent the 1990-2020 WUI. On 12\/30\/2022 the descriptions for WUICLASS2020 were updated. \n\nInformation about WUI can also be found here: http:\/\/silvis.forest.wisc.edu\/data\/wui-change as well as https:\/\/www.nrs.fs.fed.us\/data\/wui\/.","keyword":["environment","Environment and People","Fire","Wildland\/urban interface","fragmentation","wildland-urban interface","housing growth","wildland fire","sprawl","WUI","conterminous United States","United States"],"spatial":"-127.977107,22.768690,-65.254885,51.649519","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0012-3","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0012-3","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-12-30"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"U.S. Forest Service national riparian areas base map for the conterminous United States in 2019","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0030","description":"This metadata record describes 10-meter raster riparian areas for 50-year flood heights for the conterminous United States in 2019. Fifty-year flood heights were estimated using U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) stream gage information. NHDPlus version 2.1 was used as the hydrologic framework to delineate riparian areas. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service\u2019s National Wetland Inventory and USGS 10-meter digital elevation models were also used in processing these data.These data were created to estimate 50-year flood height riparian areas to support statistical analysis, map display, and model parameterization.For additional information regarding methodologies for modeling and processing these data, see Abood et al. (2012).","keyword":["inlandWaters","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","riparian areas","50-year flood height","wetlands","10-meter DEM","digital elevation model","National Water Information System","conterminous United States"],"spatial":"-127.9887,23.2281,-65.3233,51.6218","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0030","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0030","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-07-05"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Soil water content measurements from a long-term western larch spacing and thinning study in northwestern Montana, 1967-1991","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0064","description":"This data publication contains soil water data collected at the western larch spacing study in western Montana. It is a supplement to the core study that was established in 1961 and was conducted on the same four replicate sites as the original study. Percent soil water content was quantified using a neutron probe and access tubes for repeat measurements. Measurements of soil water, taken at 12-inch intervals from 6 to 102 inches, were collected approximately every other week during the growing season in 1967-1969, 1971, 1976, 1981, 1983-1984, 1986, and 1988-1991. Minimum and maximum air temperature as well as precipitation measurements are also provided for the dates soil water data were collected.This study expands on the original western larch spacing study, which was established to develop spacing guides that could be used in the management of young western larch for any single or combination of desired end-products. The original study focused on thinning western larch stands that were approximately ten years old at the start of the study and was intended to continue for 40 years. This data package is one of multiple supplements to the spacing study. It was designed to assess the effects of tree spacing (i.e., stem density) on stand water usage. Moreover, it was designed to determine the basic process of water use in larch stands, including the amount, rate, and period of soil moisture use by vegetation under various levels of site occupancy.For information on the core study and associated supplementary studies see Wyman (1998) and Hayes et al. (2021).","keyword":["precommercial thinning","spacing","soil water","water use","western larch","long-term study","biota","environment","Ecology","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Forest & Plant Health","Forest management","Plant ecology","Soil","Water","Montana","Northern Rocky Mountains","Flathead National Forest","Hungry Horse Ranger District","Abbott Creek","Coram Experimental Forest","Kootenai National Forest","Rexford Ranger District","Pinkham Creek","Lolo National Forest","Seeley Lake Ranger District","Cottonwood Lakes"],"spatial":"-115.12400,47.17400,-113.37500,48.67700","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0064","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0064","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-07-06"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"MATLAB data and code used to assess different models describing how atmospheric pressure, soil heating and soil moisture dynamics influence the exchange of trace gases between the atmosphere and the soil","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0065","description":"This data publication contains both observed and model data. The observed data, which include soil temperature, volumetric water content and pressure measurements, are a (2012)  subset of a larger (2008-2014) soil\/atmosphere experiment at Manitou Experimental Forest, Colorado. Soil temperature and water content are provided every 5 minutes and pressure provided at 1 hertz. The model data used, provided as MATLAB (*.mat) files, are included in this package as well as the MATLAB code and graphics subroutines for assessing different models of how atmospheric pressure, soil heating and moisture dynamics influence the exchange of trace gases between the atmosphere and the soil.These data were collected to investigate the influence that variations in atmospheric pressure can have on the movement of trace gases between the soil and the atmosphere. This interaction is termed pressure pumping and these data were used to support investigating the performance of different models that describe pressure pumping in soils and snowpacks.These data were published on 08\/25\/2022. Minor metadata updates, including updates to associated articles, were made on 01\/06\/2025.\n\t  \t  \nThe data included in this package are a subset of the data provided in Frank and Massman (2020). For more information about these data and the model code, see Massman et al. (2022).","keyword":["environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Soil","Natural Resource Management & Use","Water","soil pressure pumping","soil pressure","soil temperature","soil volumetric water content","Manitou Experimental Forest","Colorado"],"spatial":"-105.107433,39.102033,-105.106833,39.102567","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0065","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0065","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-01-06"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Calcium oxalate concentration, soluble elements, free polyamines, and amino acid data extracted seasonally from the foliage of conifer and hardwood trees in New Hampshire","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0066","description":"These data are from a study that evaluated the seasonal differences in the amount of calcium oxalate (CaOx) that was extracted in the third sequential fraction with 5% perchloric acid (PCA) after the extractions in water and acetic acid from foliage of red spruce, white pine, black oak, and sugar maple trees. Data are provided in absolute concentrations and also as a percent of total calcium. This study included three sites in New Hampshire, all within the Seaboard Lowlands section of the New England Physiographic Province. Foliar samples were collected from the same four replicate trees, six times for conifers and four times for hardwoods over the course of a little more than one calendar year (which equates to two growing seasons). Samples were collected in June and September 2014, and February, April, July and September 2015. Also included are data providing concentrations of potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), phosphorous (Ph), aluminum (Al), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn) in sequential fractions (in water, 2N acetic acid, 5% PCA), direct extraction (in 5% PCA) and total inorganic elements extractions in hot acid, as well as amino acids and polyamine levels in direct 5% PCA extracts of foliage of red spruce, white pine, black oak, and sugar maple.The production of CaOx crystals is a dynamic and reversible process. However, the role of CaOx within plants is still debatable. Some believe that they are produced just to shed off excess Ca while other believe they perform critical functions within plant. When Ca concentrations in the plant are below the critical level these crystals may dissolve assuring normal functioning of the plant, including stress alleviation such as in drought. In order to settle this debate, we first need to not only have a reliable method of extracting pure CaOx, but to see how its concentrations fluctuate with seasons within species and across species relative to total Ca. Thus, the main purpose of our data collection was to evaluate the seasonal changes in CaOx concentrations in the foliage of conifer and hardwood trees: a potentially bioavailable fraction of cellular calcium.These data were originally published on 07\/21\/2022. Minor metadata updates were made on 01\/06\/2025.\n\t  \nFor more information about this study and these data, see Minocha et al. (2015) as well as Minocha and Long (2023).","keyword":["biota","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Ecology","Plant ecology","Forest & Plant Health","Botany","calcium","calcium oxalate","oxalic acid","polyamines","amino acids","elements","foliar physiology","sequential extraction","direct extraction","total extraction","red spruce","balsam fir","black oak","sugar maple","New Hampshire","Strafford County","Durham","Madbury","University of New Hampshire-Durham campus","East Foss Farm","Kingman Farm","Woodman Horticultural Farm"],"spatial":"-70.9407,43.1189,-70.9294,43.1726","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0066","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0066","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-01-06"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Presentations from the international conference: Society and policy influences on biotechnology risk assessment for restoration of threatened forest tree species, April 2021","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/JS-2022-001","description":"This novel conference, held in April 2021, integrated input from key scientists, regulators, and stakeholders toward forming broad consensus on the state of knowledge concerning the use of biotechnology to restore tree species threatened by introduced insects and diseases. The conference included three keynote presentations and additional presentations from 12 invited scientists, three federal regulatory agencies, and three nonprofit stakeholders working in the biotechnology, ecology, and social science areas of threatened forest tree species restoration. This journal supplement contains 20 recorded presentations and the transcripts from the conference.\n\nFive key conclusions were identified as a result of our conference: (1) unprecedented potential and momentum exists for restoration of threatened forest trees; (2) a sense of urgency to restore threatened forest trees is being driven by global incentives for tree planting, forest restoration, and maintaining biodiversity; (3) society is increasingly open to using biotechnology for restoration of threatened forest trees; (4) policy is likely to follow public opinion, provided that risk-benefits are favorable; and (5) the massive costs and scale will logically limit the pursuit of successful restoration to a few species in specific regions.The purpose of the conference was to identify knowledge gaps and key research and policy\/regulatory issues that must be overcome to achieve restoration of threatened tree species. Participants prioritized effective means for improved education and outreach in genetic engineering methods, benefits, and risks, and understanding of public opinion and concerns. These presentation and subsequent discussions among all participants formed the basis of a multi-authored synthesis article.For more information, see the synthesis paper (Jacobs et al. 2023).\n\t  \nThis journal supplement was published on 07\/06\/2023. Minor metadata updates were made on 09\/16\/2024 to update URLs for associated publications.","keyword":["biota","environment","society","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Ecology","Landscape ecology","Plant ecology","Environment and People","Decision making, public involvement","Social values, ethics","Urban natural resources management","Forest & Plant Health","Insects","Invasive species","Pest management","Plant diseases","Natural Resource Management & Use","Agroforestry","Conservation","Ecosystem services","Forest management","Landscape management","Policies and law","biotechnology","at-risk trees","regulatory agencies","global"],"spatial":"-180,-90,180,90","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/JS-2022-001","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/JS-2022-001","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-09-16"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"High-resolution land cover of North Dakota (2014)","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0067","description":"This data publication contains 2014 high-resolution land cover data for each of the 53 counties within North Dakota. These data are a digital representation of land cover derived from 1-meter aerial imagery from the National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP). There is a separate file for each county. Data are intended for use in rural areas and therefore do not include land cover in cities and towns. Land cover classes (tree cover, other land cover, water, or city\/town) were mapped using an object-based image analysis approach and supervised classification.These data are designed for conducting geospatial analyses and for producing cartographic products. In particular, these data are intended to depict the location of tree cover in the county. The mapping procedures were developed specifically for agricultural landscapes that are dominated by annual crops, rangeland, and pasture and where tree cover is often found in narrow configurations, such as windbreaks and riparian corridors. Because much of the tree cover in agricultural areas of the United States occurs in windbreaks and narrow riparian corridors, many geospatial datasets derived from coarser-resolution satellite data (such as Landsat), do not capture these landscape features. This dataset and others in this series are intended to address this particular data gap.This metadata file contains documentation for the entire set of land cover county files. Individual metadata documents containing detailed information specific (e.g., spatial) to each county are included with the data files.","keyword":["imageryBaseMapsEarthCover","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Resource inventory","Natural Resource Management & Use","Agroforestry","Water","tree cover","windbreaks","agroforestry","riparian","land cover","North Dakota"],"spatial":"-104.048906,45.934984,-96.554492,49.000594","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0067","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0067","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-08-23"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"High-resolution land cover of South Dakota (2014)","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0068","description":"This data publication contains 2014 high-resolution land cover data for each of the 66 counties within South Dakota. These data are a digital representation of land cover derived from 1-meter aerial imagery from the National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP). There is a separate file for each county. Data are intended for use in rural areas and therefore do not include land cover in cities and towns. Land cover classes (tree cover, other land cover, water, or city\/town) were mapped using an object-based image analysis approach and supervised classification.These data are designed for conducting geospatial analyses and for producing cartographic products. In particular, these data are intended to depict the location of tree cover in the county. The mapping procedures were developed specifically for agricultural landscapes that are dominated by annual crops, rangeland, and pasture and where tree cover is often found in narrow configurations, such as windbreaks and riparian corridors. Because much of the tree cover in agricultural areas of the United States occurs in windbreaks and narrow riparian corridors, many geospatial datasets derived from coarser-resolution satellite data (such as Landsat), do not capture these landscape features. This dataset and others in this series are intended to address this particular data gap.This metadata file contains documentation for the entire set of land cover county files. Individual metadata documents containing detailed information specific (e.g., spatial) to each county are included with the data files.","keyword":["imageryBaseMapsEarthCover","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Resource inventory","Natural Resource Management & Use","Agroforestry","Water","tree cover","windbreaks","agroforestry","riparian","land cover","South Dakota"],"spatial":"-104.057879,42.479686,-96.436472,45.945377","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0068","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0068","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-08-24"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Mangrove seedling measurements at Kosrae, Federated States of Micronesia","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0069","description":"This data publication contains data regarding seedlings of two species of mangroves, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza and Rhizophora apiculata, which were monitored for eight years (1996-2004) on the Pacific island of Kosrae, Federated States of Micronesia. They were monitored to determine the effects of canopy cover and hydrogeomorphic zone on long-term survival and growth. The study area has high annual rainfall with little seasonality. The study plots with seedling subplots were in fringe, riverine, and interior hydrogeomorphic zones along four small rivers. The height of each seedling was measured each year and was designated each time as being under an open, partially closed, or closed canopy. Additional information regarding leaf scars was also collected.Data collected were used to investigate importance of hydrogeomorphic zones and canopy cover on mangrove seedling distribution, density, growth rate, and survival in Kosrae.These data were published on 10\/18\/2022. Minor metadata updates were made on 05\/18\/2023. \n\t  \nFor more information about this study and these data, see Ewel and Baldwin (2022).","keyword":["biota","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Plant ecology","Bruguiera gymnorrhiza","large-leafed orange mangrove","sraol","Rhizophora apiculata","bakau minyak","suhkasrihk","hydrogeomorphic zones","canopy cover","seedling mortality","wetlands","mangroves","seedling growth","sapling recruitment","El-Ni\u00f1o-Southern Oscillation","ENSO","Kosrae","Federated States of Micronesia"],"spatial":"162.88,5.25,162.05,5.38","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0069","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0069","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-05-18"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04"],"programCode":["010:164"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Videos and processed results from laboratory and field studies of firebrand generation from branches and sticks","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0070","description":"These data were collected as part of a project funded by the Joint Fire Science Program (Grant 15-1-04-9). The objective of the project was to identify what physical conditions have the greatest influence on the generation of embers (also known as firebrands). The efforts consisted of experiments at both laboratory (i.e., branch-scale) and outdoor (i.e., tree-scale) studies. This data publication contains the data collected for the former study which took place from 2015-2019. This includes all screening study videos, detailed information on testing conditions and other notes for each test, as well as time to generation data and the associated experimental conditions. Additionally, the R code used to run the associated factorial analysis, data files used to run that code, and the MATLAB scripts used to plot the results are provided.These data were collected in an effort to identify which factors have the greatest influence on generation behavior of firebrand at branch-scales.For more information about this study and these data, see Hudson (2018).","keyword":["environment","Fire","Wildland\/urban interface","Fire suppression, pre-suppression","firebrand","ember","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","Oregon"],"spatial":"-123.2794,44.5638,-123.2794,44.5638","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0070","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0070","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-09-21"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04"],"programCode":["010:164"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Videos, images, and processed results from laboratory and field studies of firebrand generation from trees","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0071","description":"These data were collected as part of a project funded by the Joint Fire Science Program (Grant 15-1-04-9). The objective of the project was to identify what physical conditions have the greatest influence on the generation of embers (also known as firebrands). The efforts consisted of experiments at both laboratory (i.e., branch-scale) and outdoor (i.e., tree-scale) studies. This data publication contains the data collected for the latter study which took place from 2015-2019. This study included the evaluation of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), grand fir (Abies grandis), western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis) and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) trees. Embers were collected on an array of fire-resistant fabric panels and trays filled with water. This includes images of all embers collected during testing and fabric with char marks after testing as well as the tabular data containing all testing condition information. Videos of the experiment are included. Additionally, the R code used to run the linear regression analysis, data files used to run that code, and the MATLAB scripts used to perform other calculations and plot the results are provided.These data were collected in an effort to identify which factors have the greatest influence on generation behavior of firebrand at tree-scales.For more information about this study and these data, see Hudson (2018).","keyword":["environment","Fire","Wildland\/urban interface","Fire suppression, pre-suppression","firebrand","ember","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","Oregon"],"spatial":"-123.1059,44.6365,-123.1059,44.6365","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0071","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0071","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-09-22"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04"],"programCode":["010:164"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Treefrog response data from and assessment of short-term impacts of prescribed fire in Central Florida","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0072","description":"This data publication contains tabular data from an assessment of the short-term impacts of prescribed fire on the dynamics of an upland flatwoods specialist, the pinewoods treefrog Dryophytes femoralis, using a replicated before-after-control-impact field experiment in Central Florida. We set PVC pipes as treefrog refugia at 3 meters (m), 6 m, 9 m, and 9+ m in 12 pine trees spread evenly across two treatments: reference trees in units burned in 2020 and trees in units with 2021 prescribed fire. Prescribed fires occurred April 16 and July 21, 2021. Every two weeks between March 5 and September 5 we checked pipes for frogs and assigned them unique color marks. We collected tree and environmental data, frog data, and capture\/recapture data. We later modeled abundance (as raw counts), survival, and vertical movement using mark-recapture methods, multi-state, and mixed linear models with a Bayesian framework.Pine flatwoods of the southeastern United States were shaped by frequent fires. Today, land managers use prescribed fires to control fuels but also to restore historical lightning-caused fire dynamics. Broad outcomes of this practice are well-understood, but impacts on many organisms are still being explored. Frogs, for example, have upland and wetland requirements, limited mobility, and skin susceptible to desiccation. Treefrogs spend most of their lives in uplands away from water. When fire approaches, animals may escape to an unburned area, shelter or hide in place, or be killed by the fire. We examined which of these mechanisms is the prevailing short-term response dynamic for persistence of a specialist treefrog in a pyrogenic flatwoods system.","keyword":["biota","environment","inlandWaters","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Animal ecology","Environment and People","Urban natural resources management","Fire","Fire ecology","Prescribed fire","Wildland\/urban interface","Natural Resource Management & Use","Landscape management","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Amphibians","amphibians","treefrogs","Dryophytes femoralis","pinewoods treefrog","mark-recapture","pine flatwoods","canopy","fire effects","Bayesian","single-rope-technique","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","Florida","Disney Wilderness Preserve","Polk County","Osceola County","Poinciana"],"spatial":"-81.44764,28.01287,-81.36943,28.12965","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0072","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0072","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-02-03"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"RPA forest products market data for U.S. RPA Regions and the world, historical (1990-2015), and projected (2020-2070) using the Forest Resource Outlook Model (FOROM)","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0073","description":"The United States and the world underwent immense economic, social and economic change over the ten years since the last Resources Planning Act (RPA) Assessment, all of which have impacts on production and consumption of forest products. The data in this publication include recent trends (1990-2015) in global and U.S. forest products consumption, production, prices, and net trade. These data also include economic projections (2020-2070) of production, consumption, manufactured product prices, net trade, timber harvest levels, and timber prices, as influenced by four future scenarios regarding economic and population growth, and changing biomass energy demand through 2070. These RPA scenarios pair two alternative climate futures (Representative Concentration Pathways or RCPs) with four alternative futures (Shared Socioeconomic Pathways or SSPs) in the following combinations of U.S. socioeconomic growth: RCP 4.5 and SSP1 (lower warming-moderate, LM), RCP 8.5 and SSP3 (high warming-low, HL), RCP 8.5 and SSP2 (high warming-moderate, HM), and RCP 8.5 and SSP5 (high warming-high, HH).The USDA Forest Service (USFS) produces a periodic assessment of the conditions and trends of the Nation's renewable resources required by the Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act (RPA) of 1974. This RPA Assessment provides a snapshot of current U.S. forest and rangeland conditions and trends on all ownerships, identifies drivers of change, and projects 50 years into the future (https:\/\/www.fs.usda.gov\/research\/inventory\/rpaa, Resources Planning Act (RPA) Assessment). For the 2020 RPA Assessment, a new market model named FOROM has been developed providing projections to 2070 for 20 wood products. The FOrest Resource Outlook Model (FOROM) is a global recursive dynamic partial equilibrium model of the forest sector that recognizes Resources Planning Act (RPA) Assessment regions as separate producing, consuming, and trading market regions within a complete global market (Johnston et al. 2021).The FOrest Resource Outlook Model (FOROM) is a global recursive dynamic partial equilibrium model of the forest sector that recognizes Resources Planning Act (RPA) Assessment regions as separate producing, consuming, and trading market regions within a complete global market. FOROM is calibrated to a base year and projects future market variables of price, production, consumption, and trade of primary and secondary forest products across various socioeconomic development paths. Further captured in the model are predicted changes in forest area and forest stocks (inventory volumes) by management category. The model also incorporates changes to forest inventory under specifications of productivity changes as driven by climate change and greenhouse gas accumulations. For more information on the model, please refer to Johnston et al. (2021).\n\t  \nThis first edition was published on 11\/30\/2022. A second edition of these data is now available (Johnston et al. 2023, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0073-2) and we recommend use of that version. \n\nFor more information about the RPA forest products market data, see Johnston et al. (2023).","keyword":["economy","society","Climate change","Climate change effects","Forest Products","Forest products industry","economy","forest product markets","global","socioeconomic trends","climate change","RPA Assessment","Resources Planning Act Assessment","United States","global"],"spatial":"-180,-90,180,90","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0073","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0073","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-09-12"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"High-resolution stream discharge data, June 2006 to September 2018, at the three Bisley Experimental Watersheds, Luquillo Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0074","description":"The USDA Forest Service (USFS) operates three small streamgages to support biogeochemical and forestry research in the Bisley Experimental Watersheds, part of the Luquillo Experimental Forest in northeastern Puerto Rico. The streamgages (Bisley Q1, Bisley Q2, and Bisley Q3) had been set up and briefly operated by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in 1987. In 2019 the Forest Service contracted with USGS to check and quality control the data collected since 2006 and convert stage to discharge using existing and modified rating curves, based on in-depth analysis of field notes and comparison of flows at the three streamgages to one another and to nearby USGS streamgages. This data release contains the corrected and quality controlled high-resolution gage height (stage) and discharge data for June 8, 2006, through September 30, 2018, as well as separate files with daily average discharge for that period. This data publication also includes a document containing the detailed procedures used to correct the data and confirm\/construct gage height to discharge rating curves.These flow data are collected to support biogeochemical and forestry research, as well as various hydrologic analyses.For additional information about the Bisley Experimental Watersheds, see Leon et al. (2021), Heartsill Scalley et al. (2012), Scatena (1989, 1990), Schaeffer et al. (2000), and Schellekens et al. (2004).\n\t  \nThese data were published on 10\/06\/2022. Minor metadata updates were made on 05\/15\/2024.","keyword":["stage","discharge","rating","culvert","V-notch","watershed","datalogger","flow tracker","barometric pressure","environment","inlandWaters","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Luquillo Experimental Forest","Puerto Rico","Bisley Experimental Watersheds","Rio Mameyes","El Yunque National Forest"],"spatial":"-65.80,18.30,-65.70,18.35","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0074","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0074","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-05-15"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Fire and tree mortality database (FTM)","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0001-2","description":"The Fire and Tree Mortality (FTM) database includes standardized observations of fire injury and survival or mortality for 171,177 individual tree-level observations, representing 142 tree species across the United States. Of these, 7,191 trees have burned twice. These trees were burned in 420 prescribed fires and wildfires occurring in 35 years, from 1981 to 2016. The database was developed using 41 contributed datasets from researchers, managers, and archived data products. At a minimum, datasets had to contain measurements of individual trees, size, fire injury, and post-fire survival, but some datasets include additional data such as bark beetle attack. Only trees that were alive before the fire were included in the database. We included any trees where post-fire status was measured within 10 years of the fire. If a tree re-burned in a subsequent fire, and post-fire injury and status information were available after that fire, then a new record (row) was made for that tree after the second fire.The purpose of the FTM database is to provide access to data on individual tree mortality or top-kill from wildland and prescribed fire. By pooling as many individual datasets as possible and creating consistent variables, data analysis with a much larger sample size is feasible. The FTM database also allows easy identification of data gaps to direct future data collection efforts. The FTM database also allows evaluation of post-fire mortality models, such as the First Order Fire Effects Model (FOFEM), BehavePlus, and the Fire and Fuels Extension to the Forest Vegetation Simulator (FFE-FVS).This data publication is a 2nd edition of the FTM database. The first edition (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0001) was originally published on 05\/14\/2020. This 2nd edition includes data updates such as a change to the format of live \/ dead status for years where data were not collected in the field, updates to the format of unobserved (NA) values, and additional data corrections. A thorough description of these updates is described in the process steps below.","keyword":["biota","environment","location","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Plant ecology","Fire","Fire ecology","Prescribed fire","Fire effects on environment","Forest & Plant Health","Insects","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Forest management","post-fire tree mortality","fire-induced tree mortality","fire-caused tree mortality","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","United States","Ohio","North Carolina","South Carolina","Georgia","Florida","Alabama","Arkansas","New Mexico","Arizona","California","Utah","Colorado","South Dakota","Wyoming","Idaho","Montana","Oregon","Washington","Minnesota","Michigan","Alaska"],"spatial":"-145.76337,30.33607,-82.18389,64.33222","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0001-2","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0001-2","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-10-07"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Monthly drought index for the conterminous United States: 6-month and 36-month Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) for 10 climate scenarios, 1950-2070","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0075","description":"Drought is an important stressor affecting forests and rangelands. The Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) is a meteorological drought index that can be used to investigate trends in drought over time. The SPEI allows for comparisons among locations for historical as well as future conditions, and can be computed over multiple time scales, making it useful for monitoring drought in different ecological contexts. We calculated the 6-month and 36-month SPEI, which assigns values for a given month by comparing the cumulative climatic water balance (precipitation minus potential evapotranspiration, or PET) for the previous 6- or 36-month period to the same cumulative 6- or 36-month water balance for all months in a reference period (defined here as 1950 to 2005). Because of the 6- and 36-month lags in the calculation, the first month in these data sets with data are July 1950 (6-month SPEI) and January 1953 (36-month SPEI).\n\nThis data publication consists of 10 sets of geoTIFF (TIF) raster files with monthly values for the SPEI for the period 1950-2070. We calculated the SPEI using temperature and potential evapotranspiration (PET) data from the MACAv2-METDATA for five global climate models for a historical modeled period (1950-2005) and a future period (2006-2070). For the future period, two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs), RCP 4.5 and 8.5 were used. The five global climate models used were: MRI-CGCM3, HadGEM2-ES, IPSL-CM5A-MR, CNRM-CM5, NorESM-M. The result was a total of ten future climates. Those are the same ten climates used in the 2020 Resources Planning Act (RPA) Assessment. The spatial extent and resolution of the data match those of the MACAv2-METDATA, covering the conterminous United States at a grid cell size of approximately 4 kilometers (1\/24 degree) on a side.These data were developed to assess the exposure of U.S. forests and rangelands to meteorological drought in the 2020 Resources Planning Act (RPA) Assessment (https:\/\/www.fs.usda.gov\/research\/inventory\/rpaa), Chapter on Disturbances to Forests and Rangelands.These data were published on 03\/06\/2023. Metadata updated on 05\/18\/2023 to include reference to newly published article and again on 10\/17\/2023 to include reference to published RPA Assessment.\n\t  \nFor more information about these data, see Costanza et al. (2023, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ecs2.4525).","keyword":["climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","environment","Climate change","drought","Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index","RPA Assessment","Resources Planning Act Assessment","conterminous United States","CONUS"],"spatial":"-124.77220,25.06310,-67.06480,49.39600","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0075","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0075","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-10-17"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Percent tree and impervious cover for 2020 and projected in 2070 for three RPA scenarios (average, maximum and minimum) for the 2020 RPA Assessment","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0085","description":"Tree and impervious cover change alongside changes in land use. Tree cover is one of the simplest proxies for assessing the amount of forest and its associated benefits. Impervious surfaces (such as roads and buildings) change alongside land and tree cover change. Impervious surfaces provide essential services to society, but they can also negatively impact the environment through increased air temperatures and heat islands. \n\nThis data publication includes estimates of tree cover and impervious cover for every county in the conterminous United States in 2020 as well as projections for tree cover and impervious cover for 2070. To simplify and provide clarity in the assessment, these land use changes were estimated using three out of twenty of the 2020 Resources Planning Act (RPA) Assessment scenario-climate futures which included: 1) average scenario (HM-wet: national average tree cover increase was closest to the average change among all RPA scenario-climate futures); 2) maximum scenario (HL-hot: scenario had the highest average increase in tree cover); and 3) minimum scenario (HH-middle: scenario had the lowest average increase in tree cover.)These data were collected and analyzed to support the 2020 Resources Planning Act (RPA) Assessment (https:\/\/www.fs.usda.gov\/research\/inventory\/rpaa).These data were published on 02\/24\/2023. Metadata updated on 10\/17\/2023 to include reference to published RPA Assessment.","keyword":["biota","boundaries","environment","location","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Geography","Environment and People","Impact of people on environment","Urban natural resources management","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","Resources Planning Act Assessment","RPA Assessment","landcover change","projected tree canopy cover","projected impervious surface cover","conterminous United States","CONUS"],"spatial":"-124.73,25.54,-66.95,49.38","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0085","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0085","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-10-17"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Multi-scale analyses of wildland fire combustion processes: Small-scale field experiments \u2013 plot layout and documentation","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0079","description":"The United States Department of Defense (DoD) Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) funded project: \"Multi-scale Analyses of Wildland Fire Combustion Processes in Open-canopied Forests using Coupled and Iteratively Informed Laboratory-, Field-, and Model-based Approaches (RC-2641) \"small-scale field experiments were designed to investigate how contrasting fuel conditions (e.g., fuel load, particle type, bulk density), fire spread type (e.g., heading vs. backing), and ambient conditions (e.g., seasonality, moisture, flow, temperature) influenced physical processes associated with combustion (e.g., heat transfer, flame propagation, flow) and the scale-dependent coupling of these processes. Additionally, these experiments provide 1) a linkage between small-scale laboratory combustion experiments and large-scale operational prescribed fires, and 2) archived datasets for further model development and evaluation. Our experimental design incorporates complementary approaches, methods, and instrumentation employed at these other scales, to quantify critical properties of the experimental fires\u2019 physics domains (e.g., fuels and ambient conditions) and processes associated with combustion (e.g., heat transfer, flame propagation, flow). The small-scale field experiments include a series of highly instrumented, intermediate-scale experiments conducted on 100 square meter plots at the Silas Little Experimental Forest, New Lisbon, New Jersey. \n\nThis dataset contains detailed documentation describing the data collected on thirty-five 10x10 meter burns in 2018 and 2019, including a basic burn summary (time of burn, meteorological conditions, fuel load and ignition location) and a plot layout describing sensor locations for each burn.Many DoD facilities utilize low intensity prescribed fire to manage hazardous fuels, restore ecological function and historic fire regimes, and encourage the recovery of threatened and endangered species in the forests they manage. Current predictive models used to simulate fire behavior during low-intensity prescribed fires (and wildfires) are empirically based, simplistic, and fail to adequately predict fire outcomes because they do not account for variability in fuel characteristics and interactions with important meteorological variables. This study used a suite of measurements at the fuel particle, fuel bed, field plot, and stand scales to quantify how variability in fuel characteristics and key meteorological factors interact to drive fire behavior during low intensity prescribed burns. These experiments were designed to inform the development and evaluation of mechanistic, physics-based models that explicitly account for combustion, turbulent transfer, and energy exchange by coupling and scaling individual component processes. These datasets provide measurements to improve the understanding of, and ability to accurately predict, fire behavior under a wide range of management scenarios.A summary of the SERDP Project RC-2641 can be found at the RC-2641 Project Overview (serdp-estcp.org): https:\/\/www.serdp-estcp.org\/Program-Areas\/Resource-Conservation-and-Resiliency\/Air-Quality\/Fire-Emissions\/RC-2641.","keyword":["fire behavior","fire spread","combustion","computational fluid dynamics","aerodynamic drag","fuel structure and loading","heat flux","prescribed burn","prescribed fire","prescribed energy release","temperature","wind direction","wind speed","calorimetry","oxygen concentration","carbon dioxide concentrations","carbon monoxide concentrations","biota","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","environment","Fire","Fire suppression, pre-suppression","Prescribed fire","Smoke","Wildland\/urban interface","Silas Little Experimental Forest","New Jersey","Burlington County","Pinelands National Reserve","PNR","Pine Barrens","NJPB","Pinelands"],"spatial":"-74.59796,39.91591,-74.59502,39.91825","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0079","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0079","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-10-13"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Multi-scale analyses of wildland fire combustion processes: Small-scale field experiments \u2013 fire radiative power","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0077","description":"The United States Department of Defense (DoD) Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) funded project: \"Multi-scale Analyses of Wildland Fire Combustion Processes in Open-canopied Forests using Coupled and Iteratively Informed Laboratory-, Field-, and Model-based Approaches (RC-2641)\" small-scale field experiments were designed to investigate how contrasting fuel conditions (e.g., fuel load, particle type, bulk density), fire spread type (e.g., heading vs. backing), and ambient conditions (e.g., seasonality, moisture, flow, temperature) influenced physical processes associated with combustion (e.g., heat transfer, flame propagation, flow) and the scale-dependent coupling of these processes. Additionally, these experiments provide 1) a linkage between small-scale laboratory combustion experiments and large-scale operational prescribed fires, and 2) archived datasets for further model development and evaluation. Our experimental design incorporates complementary approaches, methods, and instrumentation employed at these other scales, to quantify critical properties of the experimental fires\u2019 physics domains (e.g., fuels and ambient conditions) and processes associated with combustion (e.g., heat transfer, flame propagation, flow). The small-scale field experiments include a series of highly instrumented, intermediate-scale experiments conducted on 100 square meter plots at the Silas Little Experimental Forest, New Lisbon, New Jersey.  \n\nThis dataset contains data from 35 burns in 2018 and 2019 collected with sixteen dual band infrared (IR) radiometers each paired with a differential pressure sensor mounted. Each sensor pair was mounted adjacent to a sonic anemometer on aluminum trusses at heights of 2.5 - 3.0 meters (m) (depending on the specific experiment) in a 4 by 4 grid arrangement over the fuelbeds for all experiments. Data were collected at 1 hertz (Hz). The radiometric data were used to measure radiative heat fluxes, flame arrival times and persistence. In the same housing as the radiometer is a vertical flow instrument, and those data are also included.Many DoD facilities utilize low intensity prescribed fire to manage hazardous fuels, restore ecological function and historic fire regimes, and encourage the recovery of threatened and endangered species in the forests they manage. Current predictive models used to simulate fire behavior during low-intensity prescribed fires (and wildfires) are empirically based, simplistic, and fail to adequately predict fire outcomes because they do not account for variability in fuel characteristics and interactions with important meteorological variables. This study used a suite of measurements at the fuel particle, fuel bed, field plot, and stand scales to quantify how variability in fuel characteristics and key meteorological factors interact to drive fire behavior during low intensity prescribed burns. These experiments were designed to inform the development and evaluation of mechanistic, physics-based models that explicitly account for combustion, turbulent transfer, and energy exchange by coupling and scaling individual component processes. These datasets provide measurements to improve the understanding of, and ability to accurately predict, fire behavior under a wide range of management scenarios.A summary of the SERDP Project RC-2641 can be found at the RC-2641 Project Overview (serdp-estcp.org): https:\/\/www.serdp-estcp.org\/Program-Areas\/Resource-Conservation-and-Resiliency\/Air-Quality\/Fire-Emissions\/RC-2641.\n\nPlease reference the plot layout and documentation data publication (Gallagher et al. 2022) as these data provide the sensor locations of each burn, a detailed description of data collected and a burn summary.","keyword":["fire behavior","fire spread","combustion","computational fluid dynamics","drag forces","fuel structure","heat fluxes","prescribed burn","radiant flux ","fire radiant flux density","total radiant energy release ","fire radiated energy density","air temperature","biota","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","environment","Fire","Fire suppression, pre-suppression","Prescribed fire","Smoke","Wildland\/urban interface","Silas Little Experimental Forest","New Jersey","Burlington County","Pinelands National Reserve","PNR","Pine Barrens","NJPB","Pinelands"],"spatial":"-74.59796,39.91591,-74.59502,39.91825","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0077","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0077","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-10-13"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Multi-scale analyses of wildland fire combustion processes: Small-scale field experiments \u2013 fuel loading and consumption","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0078","description":"The United States Department of Defense (DoD) Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) funded project: \"Multi-scale Analyses of Wildland Fire Combustion Processes in Open-canopied Forests using Coupled and Iteratively Informed Laboratory-, Field-, and Model-based Approaches (RC-2641)\" small-scale field experiments were designed to investigate how contrasting fuel conditions (e.g., fuel load, particle type, bulk density), fire spread type (e.g., heading vs. backing), and ambient conditions (e.g., seasonality, moisture, flow, temperature) influenced physical processes associated with combustion (e.g., heat transfer, flame propagation, flow) and the scale-dependent coupling of these processes. Additionally, these experiments provide 1) a linkage between small-scale laboratory combustion experiments and large-scale operational prescribed fires, and 2) archived datasets for further model development and evaluation. Our experimental design incorporates complementary approaches, methods, and instrumentation employed at these other scales, to quantify critical properties of the experimental fires\u2019 physics domains (e.g., fuels and ambient conditions) and processes associated with combustion (e.g., heat transfer, flame propagation, flow). The small-scale field experiments include a series of highly instrumented, intermediate-scale experiments conducted on 100 square meter plots at the Silas Little Experimental Forest, New Lisbon, New Jersey. \n\nThis dataset contains data from 13 burns collected in 2019 from LAUMAS model ISM75 (SN: M0179216) load cells. Experiments 21-26 contained two load cells located under truss B and C and experiments 27-35 contained two load cells located under truss B. These data were collected at 5 hertz (Hz). The load cell data were used to estimate fuel loading and consumption at specific locations in the plot. Data include a time history of fuel bed mass (grams).Many DoD facilities utilize low intensity prescribed fire to manage hazardous fuels, restore ecological function and historic fire regimes, and encourage the recovery of threatened and endangered species in the forests they manage. Current predictive models used to simulate fire behavior during low-intensity prescribed fires (and wildfires) are empirically based, simplistic, and fail to adequately predict fire outcomes because they do not account for variability in fuel characteristics and interactions with important meteorological variables. This study used a suite of measurements at the fuel particle, fuel bed, field plot, and stand scales to quantify how variability in fuel characteristics and key meteorological factors interact to drive fire behavior during low intensity prescribed burns. These experiments were designed to inform the development and evaluation of physics-based models that explicitly account for combustion, turbulent transfer, and energy exchange by coupling and scaling individual component processes. These datasets provide measurements to improve the understanding of, and ability to accurately predict, fire behavior under a wide range of management scenarios.A summary of the SERDP Project RC-2641 can be found at the RC-2641 Project Overview (serdp-estcp.org): https:\/\/www.serdp-estcp.org\/Program-Areas\/Resource-Conservation-and-Resiliency\/Air-Quality\/Fire-Emissions\/RC-2641.\n\nPlease reference the plot layout and documentation data publication (Gallagher et al. 2022) as these data provide the sensor locations of each burn, a detailed description of data collected and a burn summary.","keyword":["fire behavior","fire spread","combustion","computational fluid dynamics","aerodynamic drag","fuel structure and loading","heat flux","prescribed burn","prescribed fire","prescribed energy release","load cell","fuel loading","consumption","biota","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","environment","Fire","Fire suppression, pre-suppression","Prescribed fire","Smoke","Wildland\/urban interface","Silas Little Experimental Forest","New Jersey","Burlington County","Pinelands National Reserve","PNR","Pine Barrens","NJPB","Pinelands"],"spatial":"-74.59796,39.91591,-74.59502,39.91825","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0078","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0078","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-10-14"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Multi-scale analyses of wildland fire combustion processes: Small-scale field experiments \u2013 atmospheric pressure","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0080","description":"The United States Department of Defense (DoD) Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) funded project: \"Multi-scale Analyses of Wildland Fire Combustion Processes in Open-canopied Forests using Coupled and Iteratively Informed Laboratory-, Field-, and Model-based Approaches (RC-2641)\" small-scale field experiments were designed to investigate how contrasting fuel conditions (e.g., fuel load, particle type, bulk density), fire spread type (e.g., heading vs. backing), and ambient and fire-induced conditions (e.g., seasonality, moisture, flow, temperature) influenced physical processes associated with combustion (e.g., heat transfer, flame propagation, flow) and the scale-dependent coupling of these processes. Additionally, these experiments provide 1) a linkage between small-scale laboratory combustion experiments and large-scale operational prescribed fires, and 2) archived datasets for further model development and evaluation. Our experimental design incorporates complementary approaches, methods, and instrumentation employed at these other scales, to quantify critical properties of the experimental fires\u2019 physics domains (e.g., fuels and ambient conditions) and processes associated with combustion (e.g., heat transfer, flame propagation, flow). The small-scale field experiments include a series of highly instrumented, intermediate-scale experiments conducted on 100 square meter plots at the Silas Little Experimental Forest, New Lisbon, New Jersey. \n\t  \nThis dataset contains data collected from nineteen burns in 2018. Eight pressure sensors (Bosch BMP 180\/ BMP 280) were mounted within the burn block in two different configurations. For burns 1-19 and excluding burns 7-8, pressure sensors (PS) were mounted on the two center trusses at 2.5 to 3.0 meters (m), directly below a sonic anemometer. For burns 7 and 8, PS were mounted at 1.5 m and 3.5 m, above and below the 8 centermost sonics, respectively. These eight pressure sensors were logged at 10 hertz (Hz) on a single CR6 datalogger (Campbell Scientific). In addition, a single pressure sensor (Bosch BMP 180) was added to a control tower, starting with burn 4. The control pressure sensor was mounted at 2.5 m, directly below a sonic anemometer, and were logged at 10 Hz on a single CR1000 datalogger (Campbell Scientific).  The control tower was located approximately 50 m south of burn area. The pressure sensor data were used to examine fine-temporal resolution variation in atmospheric pressure associated with the passage of fire fronts. Data include temperature (degrees Celsius (\u00b0C)) and air pressure (millibars (mbar)).Many DoD facilities utilize low intensity prescribed fire to manage hazardous fuels, restore ecological function and historic fire regimes, and encourage the recovery of threatened and endangered species in the forests they manage. Current predictive models used to simulate fire behavior during low-intensity prescribed fires (and wildfires) are empirically based, simplistic, and fail to adequately predict fire outcomes because they do not account for variability in fuel characteristics and interactions with important meteorological variables. This study used a suite of measurements at the fuel particle, fuel bed, field plot, and stand scales to quantify how variability in fuel characteristics and key meteorological factors interact to drive fire behavior during low intensity prescribed burns. These experiments were designed to inform the development and evaluation of physics-based models that explicitly account for combustion, turbulent transfer, and energy exchange by coupling and scaling individual component processes. These datasets provide measurements to improve the understanding of, and ability to accurately predict, fire behavior under a wide range of management scenarios.A summary of the SERDP Project RC-2641 can be found at the RC-2641 Project Overview (serdp-estcp.org): https:\/\/www.serdp-estcp.org\/Program-Areas\/Resource-Conservation-and-Resiliency\/Air-Quality\/Fire-Emissions\/RC-2641.\n\nPlease reference the plot layout and documentation data publication (Gallagher et al. 2022) as these data provide the sensor locations of each burn, a detailed description of data collected and a burn summary.","keyword":["fire behavior","fire spread","combustion","computational fluid dynamics","drag forces","fuel structure","heat fluxes","momentum fluxes","turbulence","prescribed burn","prescribed fire","prescribed energy release","atmospheric pressure","biota","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","environment","Fire suppression, pre-suppression","Prescribed fire","Smoke","Wildland\/urban interface","Silas Little Experimental Forest","New Jersey","Burlington County","Pinelands National Reserve","PNR","Pine Barrens","NJPB","Pine Lands"],"spatial":"-74.59796,39.91591,-74.59502,39.91825","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0080","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0080","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-10-14"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Multi-scale analyses of wildland fire combustion processes: Small-scale field experiments \u2013 Transportable Analyzer for Calorimetry Outside (TACO)","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0082","description":"The United States Department of Defense (DoD) Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) funded project: \"Multi-scale Analyses of Wildland Fire Combustion Processes in Open-canopied Forests using Coupled and Iteratively Informed Laboratory-, Field-, and Model-based Approaches (RC-2641)\" small-scale field experiments were designed to investigate how contrasting fuel conditions (e.g., fuel load, particle type, bulk density), fire spread type (e.g., heading vs. backing), and ambient conditions (e.g., seasonality, moisture, flow, temperature) influenced physical processes associated with combustion (e.g., heat transfer, flame propagation, flow) and the scale-dependent coupling of these processes. Additionally, these experiments provide 1) a linkage between small-scale laboratory combustion experiments and large-scale operational prescribed fires, and 2) archived datasets for further model development and evaluation. Our experimental design incorporates complementary approaches, methods, and instrumentation employed at these other scales, to quantify critical properties of the experimental fires\u2019 physics domains (e.g., fuels and ambient conditions) and processes associated with combustion (e.g., heat transfer, flame propagation, flow). The small-scale field experiments include a series of highly instrumented, intermediate-scale experiments conducted on 100 square meter plots at the Silas Little Experimental Forest, New Lisbon, New Jersey.\n\nThis dataset contains data collected in 2018 and 2019 from a Transportable Analyzer for Calorimetry Outside (TACO). TACO measurements were conducted at a single measurement location within the plot. The TACO system consists of an exhaust collection hood and duct, with a gas sample line extracting from the duct. The TACO exhaust duct was not operational until burn 8. From burns 8-13 (6 burns) the exhaust duct radius was 0.1016 meters (m). After burn 13 the exhaust duct was altered changing the duct radius to 0.0508 m for burns 14-35 (15 burns). The exhaust duct pressure difference was measured using a 25-millimeter (mm) diameter bi-directional pressure probe connected to a Sensirion SDP810-125Pa air pressure sensor. The exhaust gas temperature was measured using a 0.25 mm K-type thermocouple. Oxygen concentration was measured using an AO2 CiTiceL oxygen cell, while carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide concentrations were measured using a Non-Dispersive Infrared Sensor (NDIR) on the Crestline Instruments 7911 Automotive Gas Analyzer. These data were collected at 1 hertz (Hz).Many DoD facilities utilize low intensity prescribed fire to manage hazardous fuels, restore ecological function and historic fire regimes, and encourage the recovery of threatened and endangered species in the forests they manage. Current predictive models used to simulate fire behavior during low-intensity prescribed fires (and wildfires) are empirically based, simplistic, and fail to adequately predict fire outcomes because they do not account for variability in fuel characteristics and interactions with important meteorological variables. This study used a suite of measurements at the fuel particle, fuel bed, field plot, and stand scales to quantify how variability in fuel characteristics and key meteorological factors interact to drive fire behavior during low intensity prescribed burns. These experiments were designed to inform the development and evaluation of physics-based models that explicitly account for combustion, turbulent transfer, and energy exchange by coupling and scaling individual component processes. These datasets provide measurements to improve the understanding of, and ability to accurately predict, fire behavior under a wide range of management scenarios.A summary of the SERDP Project RC-2641 can be found at the RC-2641 Project Overview (serdp-estcp.org): https:\/\/www.serdp-estcp.org\/Program-Areas\/Resource-Conservation-and-Resiliency\/Air-Quality\/Fire-Emissions\/RC-2641.\n\nPlease reference the plot layout and documentation data publication (Gallagher et al. 2022) as these data provide burn summaries, detailed descriptions of data collected, and the locations of sensors within each burn.","keyword":["fire behavior","fire spread","combustion","computational fluid dynamics","aerodynamic drag","fuel structure and loading","heat flux","prescribed burn","prescribed energy release","temperature","calorimetry","oxygen concentration","carbon dioxide concentrations","carbon monoxide concentrations","biota","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","environment","Fire","Fire suppression, pre-suppression","Prescribed fire","Smoke","Wildland\/urban interface","Silas Little Experimental Forest","New Jersey","Burlington County","Pinelands National Reserve","PNR","Pine Barrens","NJPB","Pine Lands"],"spatial":"-74.59796,39.91591,-74.59502,39.91825","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0082","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0082","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-10-14"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Multi-scale analyses of wildland fire combustion processes: Small-scale field experiments \u2013 terrestrial laser scans","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0084","description":"The United States Department of Defense (DoD) Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) funded project: \"Multi-scale Analyses of Wildland Fire Combustion Processes in Open-canopied Forests using Coupled and Iteratively Informed Laboratory-, Field-, and Model-based Approaches (RC-2641)\" small-scale field experiments were designed to investigate how contrasting fuel conditions (e.g., fuel load, particle type, bulk density), fire spread type (e.g., heading vs. backing), and ambient conditions (e.g., seasonality, moisture, flow, temperature) influenced physical processes associated with combustion (e.g., heat transfer, flame propagation, flow) and the scale-dependent coupling of these processes. Additionally, these experiments provide 1) a linkage between small-scale laboratory combustion experiments and large-scale operational prescribed fires, and 2) archived datasets for further model development and evaluation. Our experimental design incorporates complementary approaches, methods, and instrumentation employed at these other scales, to quantify critical properties of the experimental fires\u2019 physics domains (e.g., fuels and ambient conditions) and processes associated with combustion (e.g., heat transfer, flame propagation, flow). The small-scale field experiments include a series of highly instrumented, intermediate-scale experiments conducted on 100 square meter plots at the Silas Little Experimental Forest, New Lisbon, New Jersey.  \n\t  \nThis dataset contains terrestrial laser scans (TLS) of 31 burn plots collected in 2018 and 2019 using a FARO Focus 3D X 330 TLS. For each burn a scan was taken at each corner of the burn block before ignition (pre-burn), and after the completion (post-burn). The corner scans for the pre- and post-scans were merged to create a single pre- and post-scan.  Additional mineral soil scans were taken for the 2019 burns where all burned and unburned material was removed before the first burn of the day. TLS data were used to map instrument locations, evaluate fuel characteristics and evaluate changes in fuel loading.Many DoD facilities utilize low intensity prescribed fire to manage hazardous fuels, restore ecological function and historic fire regimes, and encourage the recovery of threatened and endangered species in the forests they manage. Current predictive models used to simulate fire behavior during low-intensity prescribed fires (and wildfires) are empirically based, simplistic, and fail to adequately predict fire outcomes because they do not account for variability in fuel characteristics and interactions with important meteorological variables. This study used a suite of measurements at the fuel particle, fuel bed, field plot, and stand scales to quantify how variability in fuel characteristics and key meteorological factors interact to drive fire behavior during low intensity prescribed burns. These experiments were designed to inform the development and evaluation of physics-based models that explicitly account for combustion, turbulent transfer, and energy exchange by coupling and scaling individual component processes. These datasets provide measurements to improve the understanding of, and ability to accurately predict, fire behavior under a wide range of management scenarios.A summary of the SERDP Project RC-2641 can be found at the RC-2641 Project Overview (serdp-estcp.org): https:\/\/www.serdp-estcp.org\/Program-Areas\/Resource-Conservation-and-Resiliency\/Air-Quality\/Fire-Emissions\/RC-2641.\n\nPlease reference the plot layout and documentation data publication (Gallagher et al. 2022) as these data provide the sensor locations of each burn, a detailed description of data collected and a burn summary.","keyword":["fire behavior","fire spread","combustion","computational fluid dynamics","aerodynamic drag ","fuel structure and loading","heat fluxes","prescribed burn","fuel consumption","fuel consumption","fuel load","fuel bed depth","terrestrial laser scan","TLS","biota","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","environment","Fire","Fire suppression, pre-suppression","Smoke","Wildland\/urban interface","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Ecology","Fire ecology","Silas Little Experimental Forest","New Jersey","Burlington County","Pinelands National Reserve","PNR","Pine Barrens","NJPB","Pine Lands"],"spatial":"-74.59796,39.91591,-74.59502,39.91825","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0084","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0084","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-10-20"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Multi-scale analyses of wildland fire combustion processes: Small-scale field experiments \u2013 temperature profile","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0083","description":"The United States Department of Defense (DoD) Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) funded project: \"Multi-scale Analyses of Wildland Fire Combustion Processes in Open-canopied Forests using Coupled and Iteratively Informed Laboratory-, Field-, and Model-based Approaches (RC-2641)\" small-scale field experiments were designed to investigate how contrasting fuel conditions (e.g., fuel load, particle type, bulk density), fire spread type (e.g., heading vs. backing), and ambient conditions (e.g., seasonality, moisture, flow, temperature) influenced physical processes associated with combustion (e.g., heat transfer, flame propagation, flow) and the scale-dependent coupling of these processes. Additionally, these experiments provide 1) a linkage between small-scale laboratory combustion experiments and large-scale operational prescribed fires, and 2) archived datasets for further model development and evaluation. Our experimental design incorporates complementary approaches, methods, and instrumentation employed at these other scales, to quantify critical properties of the experimental fires\u2019 physics domains (e.g., fuels and ambient conditions) and processes associated with combustion (e.g., heat transfer, flame propagation, flow). The small-scale field experiments include a series of highly instrumented, intermediate-scale experiments conducted on 100 square meter plots at the Silas Little Experimental Forest, New Lisbon, New Jersey. \n\nThis dataset contains data collected from thermocouples during thirty-four burns in 2018 and 2019. The thermocouples were deployed as 8 to 14 vertical arrays on trusses B and C, with each array consisting of seven K-type thermocouples (KMTXL-IOM25G-150, Omega Engineering Inc., Norwalk, CT) mounted in a vertical profile at 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 50 and 100 centimeter (cm) heights above fuel beds. For experiments 1-6 conducted in March 2018, four thermocouple arrays mounted on the two center trusses were used, and these were mounted adjacent to each sonic anemometer, for a total of 8 arrays. For experiments 7-36 conducted in May and September 2018 and May 2019, three additional thermocouple arrays were added to each truss, which halved the distance between arrays to 1.5 meters (m), for a total of 14 arrays. Thermocouples were logged at 10 hertz (Hz) using CR3000 dataloggers, and data were used to estimate arrival times, persistence, and height and tilt of flame fronts.Many DoD facilities utilize low intensity prescribed fire to manage hazardous fuels, restore ecological function and historic fire regimes, and encourage the recovery of threatened and endangered species in the forests they manage. Current predictive models used to simulate fire behavior during low-intensity prescribed fires (and wildfires) are empirically based, simplistic, and fail to adequately predict fire outcomes because they do not account for variability in fuel characteristics and interactions with important meteorological variables. This study used a suite of measurements at the fuel particle, fuel bed, field plot, and stand scales to quantify how variability in fuel characteristics and key meteorological factors interact to drive fire behavior during low intensity prescribed burns. These experiments were designed to inform the development and evaluation of physics-based models that explicitly account for combustion, turbulent transfer, and energy exchange by coupling and scaling individual component processes. These datasets provide measurements to improve the understanding of, and ability to accurately predict, fire behavior under a wide range of management scenarios.A summary of the SERDP Project RC-2641 can be found at the RC-2641 Project Overview (serdp-estcp.org): https:\/\/www.serdp-estcp.org\/Program-Areas\/Resource-Conservation-and-Resiliency\/Air-Quality\/Fire-Emissions\/RC-2641.\n\nPlease reference the plot layout and documentation data publication (Gallagher et al. 2022) as these data provide the sensor locations of each burn, a detailed description of data collected and a burn summary.","keyword":["fire behavior","fire spread","combustion","computational fluid dynamics","aerodynamic drag ","fire behavior","fire spread","combustion","computational fluid dynamics","aerodynamic drag ","fuel structure and loading","heat fluxes","prescribed burn","prescribed fir","temperature","biota","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","environment","Fire","Fire suppression, pre-suppression","Prescribed fire","Smoke","Wildland\/urban interface","Silas Little Experimental Forest","New Jersey","Burlington County","Pinelands National Reserve","PNR","Pine Barrens","NJPB","Pine Lands"],"spatial":"-74.59796,39.91591,-74.59502,39.91825","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0083","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0083","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-10-19"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Monthly drought index for the conterminous United States: 6-month and 36-month Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) for observed climate data, 1950-2018","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0086","description":"Drought is an important stressor affecting forests and rangelands. The Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) is a meteorological drought index that can be used to investigate trends in drought over time. The SPEI allows for comparisons among locations for historical as well as future conditions, and can be computed over multiple time scales, making it useful for monitoring drought in different ecological contexts. We calculated the 6-month and 36-month SPEI, which assigns values for a given month by comparing the cumulative climatic water balance (precipitation minus potential evapotranspiration, or PET) for the previous 6- or 36-month period to the same cumulative 6- or 36-month water balance for all months in a reference period (defined here as 1950 to 2005). Because of the 6- and 36-month lags in the calculation, the first month in these data sets with data are July 1950 (6-month SPEI) and January 1953 (36-month SPEI). \n\nThis data publication consists of 2 sets of geoTIFF (TIF) raster files with monthly values for the SPEI for the period 1950-2018. We calculated the SPEI using monthly gridded precipitation, minimum temperature and maximum temperature data from PRISM (Parameter-elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model). The spatial extent and resolution of these data match those of the PRISM data set, covering the conterminous United States at a grid cell size of approximately 4 kilometers (1\/24 degree) on a side.These data were developed to assess the recent exposure of U.S. forests and rangelands to meteorological drought in the 2020 Resources Planning Act (RPA) Assessment (https:\/\/www.fs.usda.gov\/research\/inventory\/rpaa), chapter on Disturbances to Forests and Rangelands.These data were published on 03\/06\/2023. Metadata updated on 10\/17\/2023 to include reference to published RPA Assessment.\n\t  \nFor more information about these data, see Costanza et al. (2023, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ecs2.4525).","keyword":["climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","environment","Climate change","drought","Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index","RPA Assessment","Resources Planning Act Assessment","conterminous United States","CONUS"],"spatial":"-125.02083,24.06250,-66.47917,49.93750","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0086","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0086","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-10-17"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Multi-scale analyses of wildland fire combustion processes: Small-scale field experiments \u2013 three-dimensional wind and temperature","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0081","description":"The United States Department of Defense (DoD) Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) funded project: \"Multi-scale Analyses of Wildland Fire Combustion Processes in Open-canopied Forests using Coupled and Iteratively Informed Laboratory-, Field-, and Model-based Approaches (RC-2641)\" small-scale field experiments were designed to investigate how contrasting fuel conditions (e.g., fuel load, particle type, bulk density), fire spread type (e.g., heading vs. backing), and ambient conditions (e.g., seasonality, moisture, flow, air and fuel temperature) influenced physical processes associated with combustion (e.g., heat transfer, flame propagation, flow) and the scale-dependent coupling of these processes. Additionally, these experiments provide 1) a linkage between small-scale laboratory combustion experiments and large-scale operational prescribed fires, and 2) archived datasets for further model development and evaluation. Our experimental design incorporates complementary approaches, methods, and instrumentation employed at these other scales, to quantify critical properties of the experimental fires\u2019 physics domains (e.g., fuels and ambient conditions) and processes associated with combustion (e.g., heat transfer, flame propagation, flow). The small-scale field experiments include a series of highly instrumented, intermediate-scale experiments conducted on 100 square meter plots at the Silas Little Experimental Forest, New Lisbon, New Jersey. \n\nThis dataset contains data collected from thirty-four burns in 2018 and 2019 from sixteen sonic anemometers (81000v, R.M. Young Inc.) which were mounted on aluminum trusses at 2.5 to 3.0 meter (m) heights (depending on the specific experiment) in a 4 by 4 grid over fuel beds for all experiments except two (burns 7 and 8 conducted in May 2018), when sonics were mounted only on trusses B and C at two heights (1.5 m and 3.5 m). A single sonic was mounted on the plot center tower (CT) approximately 8 m above the ground for all burns. Sonic anemometers were logged at 10 hertz (Hz) using four CR3000 dataloggers (Campbell Scientific). In addition, a single sonic anemometer (81000v, R.M. Young Inc.) was added as a control tower, starting with burn 4. The sonic anemometer was mounted at 3m, directly above a pressure sensor, and were logged at 10 Hz on a single CR1000 datalogger (Campbell Scientific). The control tower was located approximately 50 m south of burn area. The sonic anemometer data were used to explore fine-scale patterns of vertical turbulence above flame fronts. Pre-fire data were used to quantify ambient wind conditions before and after fire front passage, turbulence, sensible (convective) heat fluxes, and momentum fluxes above flame fronts during fires. Data include sampled horizontal and vertical wind speed (meters per second (m\/s)) and temperature (degrees Celsius (\u00b0C)).Many DoD facilities utilize low intensity prescribed fire to manage hazardous fuels, restore ecological function and historic fire regimes, and encourage the recovery of threatened and endangered species in the forests they manage. Current predictive models used to simulate fire behavior during low-intensity prescribed fires (and wildfires) are empirically based, simplistic, and fail to adequately predict fire outcomes because they do not account for variability in fuel characteristics and interactions with important meteorological variables. This study used a suite of measurements at the fuel particle, fuel bed, field plot, and stand scales to quantify how variability in fuel characteristics and key meteorological factors interact to drive fire behavior during low intensity prescribed burns. These experiments were designed to inform the development and evaluation of physics-based models that explicitly account for combustion, turbulent transfer, and energy exchange by coupling and scaling individual component processes. These datasets provide measurements to improve the understanding of, and ability to accurately predict, fire behavior under a wide range of management scenarios.A summary of the SERDP Project RC-2641 can be found at the RC-2641 Project Overview (serdp-estcp.org): https:\/\/www.serdp-estcp.org\/Program-Areas\/Resource-Conservation-and-Resiliency\/Air-Quality\/Fire-Emissions\/RC-2641.\n\nPlease reference the plot layout and documentation data publication (Gallagher et al. 2022) as these data provide the sensor locations of each burn, a detailed description of data collected and a burn summary.","keyword":["fire behavior","fire spread","combustion","computational fluid dynamics","aerodynamic drag ","fuel structure and loading","heat fluxes","sensible heat fluxes","convective ","heat fluxes","prescribed burn","prescribed fire","temperature","3-dimentional turbulence","wind direction","wind speed","biota","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","environment","Fire","Fire suppression, pre-suppression","Prescribed fire","Smoke","Wildland\/urban interface","Silas Little Experimental Forest","New Jersey","Burlington County","Pinelands National Reserve","PNR","Pine Barrens","NJPB","Pine Lands"],"spatial":"-74.59796,39.91591,-74.59502,39.91825","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0081","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0081","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-10-20"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:32"],"programCode":["005:051"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Study conditions and gull response data for nocturnal unmanned aircraft system treatments used to prevent gulls from nesting on rooftops during nest material gathering phase","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/NWRC-RDS-2022-002","description":"This data publication contains unmanned aircraft system (UAS) operational and general weather data from two building rooftops in the spring of 2021. These rooftops were located in Sandusky, Ohio and Chicago, Illinois and were our study locations for quantifying gull response to UAS hazing treatments in the nest material gathering phase (i.e., March to April). We hypothesized that nocturnal UAS operation, like nocturnal predator disturbance, might reduce gull numbers and, thus, collision risk to aircraft. Operation of UAS is weather dependent, hence we collected data on precipitation, average wind speed, as well as wind gusts at each study location and used these data to determine if UAS operation was feasible on a given day. If we were able to operate an UAS, we collected data on site-specific weather and gull reaction.These data were collected to understand and quantify the role of UAS relative to wildlife hazing for aviation safety.For more information about this study and these data, see Pfeiffer et al. (2023).\n\t  \nThese data were published on 12\/16\/2022. On 01\/10\/2023 the metadata was updated to include citation information for the newly published article Pfeiffer et al. (2023).","keyword":["biota","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Birds","antipredator behavior","bird strike","colony nester","drone","hazing","Larus spp.","urban wildlife","wildlife damage management","Larus argentatus","Larus delawarensis","Ohio","Illinois","Great Lakes"],"spatial":"-87.86200,41.47800,-87.86000,41.92200","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/NWRC-RDS-2022-002","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/NWRC-RDS-2022-002","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-01-10"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Caspar Creek Experimental Watersheds Phase 2 (1985-2017) data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0018-3","description":"The Caspar Creek Experimental Watersheds are a long-term USDA Forest Service research site located near Fort Bragg, California in the Jackson Demonstration State Forest in a coast redwood and Douglas-fir dominated conifer forest. The site includes two experimental watersheds: the North Fork (479 hectares) and the South Fork (417 hectares). Measurements of precipitation, streamflow, and sediment transport began at Caspar Creek in 1962. Two timber harvesting experiments have been completed. The first experimental harvest (Phase 1) was a selection cut conducted in the South Fork watershed using tractor yarding in the early 1970s, prior to the implementation of the modern California Forest Practice Rules. Phase 1 of the project includes data from 1962 to 1985. Gaging stations were added in 12 subwatersheds of the North Fork by 1985 in preparation for the second experimental harvest (Phase 2, 1985-2017). From 1985 to 1992, roughly half of the North Fork watershed was logged, mainly using clearcutting and cable yarding, and following the newly-enacted Forest Practice Rules. Gaging stations were added in 10 subwatersheds of the South Fork in 2000 in preparation for a third harvesting experiment (Phase 3). Logging for the third harvest occurred in 2017-2019 in the South Fork watershed.\n \nThis data publication contains the following Phase 2 data:\n\n1) Water depth (stage) and volumetric discharge and turbidity data measured at the North Fork and South Fork weirs (1 August 1985 to 31 July 2017); the North Fork subwatersheds Henningson (1 August 1985 to 31 July 2017), XYZ (1 November 1999 to 31 July 2017), and X-ray (1 August 2001 to 31 July 2017); nine subwatersheds in the South Fork: Ogilvie, Porter, Richards, Sequoyah, Treat, Uqlidisi, Williams, Yocom, and Ziemer (1 August 2000 to 31 July 2017); and stage and turbidity data for Arfstein in the North Fork (1 August 1985 to July 2017) and Quetelet in the South Fork (1 August 2000 to 31 July 2017).\n\n2) Annual deposition volumes for the collection ponds directly upstream of the North Fork and South Fork weirs from 1986 to 2017.\n\n3) Suspended sediment concentrations collected at the North Fork and South Fork weirs (1985 to 2017); North Fork subwatersheds Arfstein (1985 to 2017), Henningson (1985 to 2017), X-ray (2001 to 2017), and XYZ (1999 to 2017); South Fork tributaries Quetelet, Ogilvie, Porter, Richards, Sequoyah, Treat, Uqlidisi, Williams, Yocom, and Ziemer (2000 to 2017).\n\n4) Bedload transport rates measured during thirteen storms (stage > 2 feet at the North Fork weir) from 1988 to 1995 on the North Fork mainstem at the Arfstein gaging station.\n\n5) Air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and direction, incoming solar radiation, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), heat index, and dew point at a meteorological station adjacent to the South Fork watershed (MET) (6 February 2009 to 31 July 2017).\n\n6) Precipitation from five tipping bucket rain gages: N408 and N620 (1 August 1987 to 31 July 2017); S620 (1 August 1985 to 31 July 2017); S640 (1 August 2000 to 31 July 2017); S600 (1 August 2012 to 31 July 2017) and one weighing gage, MET (26 March 2009 to 31 July 2017).\n\n6) Stable water isotope concentrations (\u03b418O and \u03b42H) from water samples obtained from precipitation, soil, vegetation, groundwater, and streams along transects in four subwatersheds of the South Fork (Treat, Uqlidisi, Williams, and Ziemer) from May 2016 through July 2017.\n\n7) Size, condition, and mobility variables of tagged in-channel wood monitored along the North Fork and South Fork large wood (LW) study reaches (1998 to 2018).\n\n8) Spatial files describing: a geodatabase and shapefiles containing study locations, harvest unit boundaries, stream lines, isotope sampling locations, and watershed boundaries for Phase 2; mapped wood and channel banks in the large wood study reaches (including photographs); raster files containing a digital elevation model and hillshade for Caspar Creek; and point cloud data for Caspar Creek derived from airborne LiDAR acquired in 2017.The Caspar Creek Experimental Watersheds were established to determine the effects of timber harvesting on streamflow and sediment delivery in northern coastal California watersheds.Additional metadata documents containing details specific to each dataset are also provided in this data package. \n\t  \nThe first edition of the Phase 2 data was published on 17 March 2020 (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0018). A second edition of these data was made available on 07 January 2021 (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0018-2) which included additional data, corrections, and geospatial files. The metadata for this third edition was published on 18 November 2022, with the data being under embargo. On 10 January 2024 the data embargo was lifted and this third edition now includes water depth, volumetric discharge, turbidity, and suspended sediment concentration data for the Henningson subwatershed, turbidity for all subwatersheds included in the second edition, precipitation at five locations, and in-channel large wood. General data changes made in this third edition are described in the process steps section. Minor errors in the early editions of these data were also corrected and noted in the metadata documents specific to each dataset. All of these data modifications resulted in substantial updates to the metadata documentation. On 03\/22\/2024, we updated the package to include all metadata documents as both XML and HTML.\n\t  \nThe Caspar Creek Phase 1 data (1962-1985) are also available (Richardson et al. 2021, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0017-2).","keyword":["elevation","environment","geoscientificInformation","inlandWaters","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest & Plant Health","creek","stream","hydrology","geomorphology","timber harvesting","experimental watersheds","time series","logging","bedload","bed load","sediment transport","large wood","Caspar Creek Experimental Watersheds","California","Mendocino County","Coast Ranges","Jackson Demonstration State Forest"],"spatial":"-123.76448,39.32192,-123.69842,39.38160","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0018-3","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0018-3","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-03-22"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"UPstream Regional LiDAR Model for Extent of Trout (UPRLIMET) model training and prediction data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0087","description":"We present a novel model development and evaluation framework, wherein we compare 26 models to predict upper distribution limits of trout in streams in Oregon using observational data collected in 2017. The models used machine learning, logistic regression, and a sophisticated nested spatial cross-validation routine to evaluate predictive performance while accounting for spatial autocorrelation. The model resulting in the best predictive performance, termed UPstream Regional LiDAR Model for Extent of Trout (UPRLIMET), is a two-stage model that uses a logistic regression algorithm calibrated to observations of Coastal Cutthroat Trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii) occurrence and variables representing hydro-topographic characteristics of the landscape. We predict trout presence along reaches throughout a stream network and include a stopping rule to identify a discrete upper limit point above which all stream reaches are classified as fishless. This data publication contains the geospatial data used for training, validation, and prediction by UPRLIMET (UPstream Regional LiDAR Model for Extent of Trout). Data are provided as two geodatabases with streamline (flowline) hydrography and include spatially explicit full-detail (predictions + covariates) prediction features separated by HUC12 watersheds and layers with pertinent prediction outputs merged into single spatial data layers for rapid rendering. Additionally, tabular data files are included that provide definitions of the covariates used in the model as well as the location and habitat barrier information for each stream and mainstem or tributary.Predicting the edges of species distributions is fundamental for species conservation, ecosystem services, and management decisions. In North America, the location of the upstream limit of fish in forested streams receives special attention, because fish-bearing portions of streams have more protections during forest management activities than fishless portions. The purpose of this study was to develop a model that would predict upper distribution limits of trout in streams in Oregon.For more information about these data, see Penaluna et al. (2022).","keyword":["biota","environment","geoscientificInformation","inlandWaters","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","Landscape ecology","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Fish","UPRLIMET","end of fish","upper extent of fish","occurrence","electrofishing","Oregon"],"spatial":"-125.87966,40.98856,-120.45955,46.51502","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0087","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0087","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-02-02"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Spatial wildfire occurrence data for the United States, 1992-2020 [FPA_FOD_20221014]","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0009.6","description":"This data publication contains a spatial database of wildfires that occurred in the United States from 1992 to 2020. It is the fifth update of a publication originally generated to support the national Fire Program Analysis (FPA) system. The wildfire records were acquired from the reporting systems of federal, state, and local fire organizations. The following core data elements were required for records to be included in this data publication: discovery date, final fire size, and a point location at least as precise as a Public Land Survey System (PLSS) section (1-square mile grid). The data were transformed to conform, when possible, to the data standards of the National Wildfire Coordinating Group (NWCG), including an updated wildfire-cause standard (approved August 2020). Basic error-checking was performed and redundant records were identified and removed, to the degree possible. The resulting product, referred to as the Fire Program Analysis fire-occurrence database (FPA FOD), includes 2.3 million geo-referenced wildfire records, representing a total of 180 million acres burned during the 29-year period. Identifiers necessary to link the point-based, final-fire-reporting information to published large-fire-perimeter and operational-situation-reporting datasets are included.There is a wealth of information to be found in agency and local fire reports, but even the most rudimentary interagency analyses of wildfire numbers and area burned from the authoritative systems of record have been stymied to some degree by their disunity. While necessarily incomplete in some aspects, the database presented here is intended to facilitate fairly high-resolution geospatial analysis of U.S. fire activity over the period 1992-2020, based on available information from federal, state, and local systems of record. It was originally generated to support the national, interagency Fire Program Analysis (FPA) system (http:\/\/www.forestsandrangelands.gov\/FPA\/index.shtml).This data publication is the sixth edition of the FPA FOD, which spans 1992-2020. The first edition spanned 1992-2011 (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0009), the second edition spanned 1992-2012 (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0009.2), the third edition spanned 1992-2013 (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2838\/RDS-2013-0009.3), the fourth edition spanned 1992-2015 (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2837\/RDS-2013-0009.4), and the fifth edition spanned 1992-2018 (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2837\/RDS-2013-0009.5). All editions were developed as described by Short (2014). Linkable, published large fire perimeters are available at https:\/\/www.mtbs.gov\/; research-ready ICS-209 situation-reporting data are available at https:\/\/figshare.com\/articles\/dataset\/All-hazards_dataset_mined_from_the_US_National_Incident_Management_System_1999-2020\/19858927 and described at https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41597-020-0403-0 (documentation update pending). \n\t  \nThis sixth edition was published on 11\/01\/2022. On 11\/10\/2022 we changed the geodatabase projection from WGS84 to NAD83 and changed the SQLite package to SpatiaLite format. On 03\/23\/2023 we provided access to the sixth edition of the map service. Minor metadata updates were made on 08\/09\/2023. \n\t  \n* These data are also available as a map service: https:\/\/apps.fs.usda.gov\/arcx\/rest\/services\/EDW\/EDW_FireOccurrence6thEdition_01\/MapServer","keyword":["biota","geoscientificInformation","location","Fire","Fire detection","wildfire","Fire Program Analysis","United States"],"spatial":"-178.802600,17.939722,-65.256944,70.299700","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0009.6","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0009.6","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-08-09"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Glacier Lakes Ecosystem Experiments Site (GLEES) hourly stream discharge and temperature data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0088","description":"This data publication contains hourly stream height, discharge and water temperature data collected from 1987 through 2021 on the Glacier Lakes Ecosystem Experiments Site (GLEES), in the Snowy Range near Centennial, Wyoming. Data are provided for West Glacier Lake as well as three very small watersheds: East Glacier Lake, Cascade, and Meadow.The GLEES, a 600 hectare research watershed at 3200-3400 meters elevation in the Snowy Range of southeastern Wyoming, was established in 1987 to examine the effects of atmospheric deposition on alpine and subalpine ecosystems. The site is not in a designated wilderness area but was selected for research because it closely replicates conditions in federally designated Class I wilderness.Additional information about the Glacier Lakes Ecosystem Experiments Site can be found at https:\/\/www.fs.usda.gov\/rmrs\/experimental-forests-and-ranges\/glees-glacier-lakes-ecosystem-experiments-site","keyword":["environment","inlandWaters","Climate change","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","hydrology","subalpine","Glacier Lakes Ecosystem Experiments Site","GLEES","Wyoming","Snowy Range","Glacier Lakes"],"spatial":"-106.2593,41.3761,-106.2543,41.3784","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0088","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0088","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-11-04"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Multi-scale analyses of wildland fire combustion processes: Large-scale field experiments \u2013 burn layout and documentation","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0089","description":"The United States Department of Defense (DoD) Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) funded project: Multi-scale Analyses of Wildland Fire Combustion Processes in Open-canopied Forests using Coupled and Iteratively Informed Laboratory-, Field-, and Model-based Approaches (RC-2641) conducted a large-scale (management-scale) field experiment during an operational prescribed burn to quantify how atmospheric dynamics across a wide range of spatial and temporal scales affect fire propagation, energy exchange, and fuel consumption. This experiment also provided an opportunity to fully examine how combustion related processes transfer across scales of particles and simple fuel beds in the laboratory, wind tunnel, small-scale, and operational prescribed burns as instrumentation used in small-scale field experiments was embedded in this experiment. In addition, the large-scale experiment also provides data necessary for simulation and model testing of coupled atmosphere-fire behavior prediction systems (e.g., WRF-SFire, WFDS, QUIC-Fire, FIRETEC) and coupled atmosphere-canopy-smoke dispersion prediction systems (e.g., ARPS-Canopy\/FLEXPART). The large-scale field experiment includes data from a heavily instrumented ~12.1 hectare (ha) management-scale fire conducted at the Silas Little Experimental Forest in the Pinelands National Reserve (PNR) on March 13, 2019.\n\nThis data publication contains detailed documentation and spatial vector data describing the data collected on a management-scale prescribed burn conducted on March 13, 2019, including a basic burn summary (time of burn, meteorological conditions, fuel load and ignition location), burn unit location and a plot layout describing sensor locations.Many DoD facilities utilize low intensity prescribed fire to manage hazardous fuels, restore ecological function and historic fire regimes, and encourage the recovery of threatened and endangered species in the forests they manage. Current predictive models used to simulate fire behavior during low-intensity prescribed fires (and wildfires) are empirically based, simplistic, and fail to adequately predict fire outcomes because they do not account for variability in fuel characteristics and interactions with important meteorological variables. This study used a suite of measurements at the fuel particle, fuel bed, field plot, and stand scales to quantify how variability in fuel characteristics and key meteorological factors interact to drive fire behavior during low intensity prescribed burns. These experiments were designed to inform the development and evaluation of mechanistic, physics-based models that explicitly account for combustion, turbulent transfer, and energy exchange by coupling and scaling individual component processes. These datasets provide measurements to improve the understanding of, and ability to accurately predict, fire behavior under a wide range of management scenarios.A summary of the SERDP Project RC-2641 can be found at the RC-2641 Project Overview (serdp-estcp.org): https:\/\/www.serdp-estcp.org\/projects\/details\/a4a4642d-f2be-4e52-b678-454fe06afbc2\/rc-2641-project-overview.","keyword":["fire behavior","fire spread","combustion","computational fluid dynamics","aerodynamic drag","fuel structure and loading","heat flux","prescribed burn","prescribed fire","prescribed energy release","temperature","wind direction","wind speed","calorimetry","oxygen concentration","carbon dioxide concentrations","carbon monoxide concentrations","biota","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","environment","Fire","Fire suppression, pre-suppression","Prescribed fire","Smoke","Wildland\/urban interface","Silas Little Experimental Forest","New Jersey","Burlington County","Pinelands National Reserve","PNR","Pine Barrens","NJPB","Pinelands"],"spatial":"-74.59739,39.91179,-74.59215,39.91794","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0089","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0089","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-06-01"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Multi-scale analyses of wildland fire combustion processes: Large-scale field experiments \u2013 FireTracker","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0090","description":"The United States Department of Defense (DoD) Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) funded project: Multi-scale Analyses of Wildland Fire Combustion Processes in Open-canopied Forests using Coupled and Iteratively Informed Laboratory-, Field-, and Model-based Approaches (RC-2641) conducted a large-scale (management-scale) field experiment during an operational prescribed burn to quantify how atmospheric dynamics across a wide range of spatial and temporal scales affect fire propagation, energy exchange, and fuel consumption. This experiment also provided an opportunity to fully examine how combustion related processes transfer across scales of particles and simple fuel beds in the laboratory, wind tunnel, small-scale, and operational prescribed burns as instrumentation used in small-scale field experiments was embedded in this experiment. In addition, the large-scale experiment also provides data necessary for simulation and model testing of coupled atmosphere-fire behavior prediction systems (e.g., WRF-SFire, WFDS, QUIC-Fire, FIRETEC) and coupled atmosphere-canopy-smoke dispersion prediction systems (e.g., ARPS-Canopy\/FLEXPART). The large-scale field experiment includes data from a heavily instrumented ~12.1 hectare (ha) management-scale fire conducted at the Silas Little Experimental Forest in the Pinelands National Reserve (PNR) on March 13, 2019.\n\nThis data publication represents an array of 67 FireTracker sensors installed at ground level throughout the burn unit in a grid with approximately 35 meter spacing between sensors. The sensors consisted of 1.5 millimeter diameter K-type thermocouples (405-001, TC Direct) attached to Arduino Feather\u00ae data loggers (2796, Adafruit, New York, NY, USA) with thermocouple amplifiers which provided a resolution of 0.25 \u00b0C (degrees Celsius) (269, Adafruit). A GPS module (746, Adafruit) was used for time stamps and geolocation. Power was provided with 1200 mAh (milliampere\/hour) lithium-ion batteries (258, Adafruit). FireTrackers were buried such that the tip of the thermocouple protruded through the surface fuels. FireTracker components were assembled prior to the experiment and a program to record the data, written in C++, was uploaded to the flash memory using the Arduino IDE. All FireTracker data were logged at a frequency of 2 hertz (Hz). The FireTracker data is used to spatially characterize the spread of the prescribed fire through the burn area.Many DoD facilities utilize low intensity prescribed fire to manage hazardous fuels, restore ecological function and historic fire regimes, and encourage the recovery of threatened and endangered species in the forests they manage. Current predictive models used to simulate fire behavior during low-intensity prescribed fires (and wildfires) are empirically based, simplistic, and fail to adequately predict fire outcomes because they do not account for variability in fuel characteristics and interactions with important meteorological variables. This study used a suite of measurements at the fuel particle, fuel bed, field plot, and stand scales to quantify how variability in fuel characteristics and key meteorological factors interact to drive fire behavior during low intensity prescribed burns. These experiments were designed to inform the development and evaluation of mechanistic, physics-based models that explicitly account for combustion, turbulent transfer, and energy exchange by coupling and scaling individual component processes. These datasets provide measurements to improve the understanding of, and ability to accurately predict, fire behavior under a wide range of management scenarios.A summary of the SERDP Project RC-2641 can be found at the RC-2641 Project Overview (serdp-estcp.org): https:\/\/www.serdp-estcp.org\/projects\/details\/a4a4642d-f2be-4e52-b678-454fe06afbc2\/rc-2641-project-overview.\n\nPlease reference the burn layout and documentation data publication (Gallagher et al. 2023, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0089) as these data provide the sensor locations of each burn, a detailed description of data collected and a summary of the conditions during the burn periods.","keyword":["fire behavior","fire spread","combustion","computational fluid dynamics","aerodynamic drag","fuel structure and loading","heat flux","prescribed burn","prescribed fire","temperature","fire spread","biota","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","environment","Fire","Fire suppression, pre-suppression","Prescribed fire","Smoke","Wildland\/urban interface","Silas Little Experimental Forest","New Jersey","Burlington County","Pinelands National Reserve","PNR","Pine Barrens","NJPB","Pinelands"],"spatial":"-74.59739,39.91179,-74.59215,39.91794","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0090","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0090","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-06-01"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Multi-scale analyses of wildland fire combustion processes: Large-scale field experiments \u2013 fire radiative power","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0091","description":"The United States Department of Defense (DoD) Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) funded project: Multi-scale Analyses of Wildland Fire Combustion Processes in Open-canopied Forests using Coupled and Iteratively Informed Laboratory-, Field-, and Model-based Approaches (RC-2641) conducted a large-scale (management-scale) field experiment during an operational prescribed burn to quantify how atmospheric dynamics across a wide range of spatial and temporal scales affect fire propagation, energy exchange, and fuel consumption. This experiment also provided an opportunity to fully examine how combustion related processes transfer across scales of particles and simple fuel beds in the laboratory, wind tunnel, small-scale, and operational prescribed burns as instrumentation used in small-scale field experiments was embedded in this experiment. In addition, the large-scale experiment also provides data necessary for simulation and model testing of coupled atmosphere-fire behavior prediction systems (e.g., WRF-SFire, WFDS, QUIC-Fire, FIRETEC) and coupled atmosphere-canopy-smoke dispersion prediction systems (e.g., ARPS-Canopy\/FLEXPART). The large-scale field experiment includes data from a heavily instrumented ~12.1 hectare (ha) management-scale fire conducted at the Silas Little Experimental Forest in the Pinelands National Reserve (PNR) on March 13, 2019.\n\nThis data publication contains data collected in thirteen Krem Boxes (KB) that consisted of a dual band infrared (IR) radiometers and visible spectrum\/long wave infrared camera pairs. The KB were scattered throughout the burn area at approximately 2 meters (m) above the ground pointed at the fuel beds. Data were collected at 1 hertz (Hz). The radiometric data were used to measure radiative heat fluxes, flame arrival times and persistence. In the same housing as the radiometer is a vertical flow instrument. This sensor did not produce any significant results, as the low-intensity fires in this experiment produced vertical flows lower than the threshold for detection. The visible spectrum cameras captured conventional RGB color-balanced images at 5m pixel resolution. The long wave infrared cameras captured 80 X 60 pixel images and was equipped with a neutral density filter to minimize saturation of this camera by the emission form the flames and hot background. The cameras are nearly spatially coincident and acquire images at the same time, and so can be aligned spatially and temporally.Many DoD facilities utilize low intensity prescribed fire to manage hazardous fuels, restore ecological function and historic fire regimes, and encourage the recovery of threatened and endangered species in the forests they manage. Current predictive models used to simulate fire behavior during low-intensity prescribed fires (and wildfires) are empirically based, simplistic, and fail to adequately predict fire outcomes because they do not account for variability in fuel characteristics and interactions with important meteorological variables. This study used a suite of measurements at the fuel particle, fuel bed, field plot, and stand scales to quantify how variability in fuel characteristics and key meteorological factors interact to drive fire behavior during low intensity prescribed burns. These experiments were designed to inform the development and evaluation of mechanistic, physics-based models that explicitly account for combustion, turbulent transfer, and energy exchange by coupling and scaling individual component processes. These datasets provide measurements to improve the understanding of, and ability to accurately predict, fire behavior under a wide range of management scenarios.A summary of the SERDP Project RC-2641 can be found at the RC-2641 Project Overview (serdp-estcp.org): https:\/\/www.serdp-estcp.org\/projects\/details\/a4a4642d-f2be-4e52-b678-454fe06afbc2\/rc-2641-project-overview.\n\nPlease reference the burn layout and documentation data publication (Gallagher et al. 2023, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0089) as these data provide the sensor locations of each burn, a detailed description of data collected and a summary of the conditions during the burn periods.","keyword":["fire behavior","fire spread","combustion","computational fluid dynamics","drag forces","fuel structure","heat fluxes","prescribed burn","radiant flux","fire radiant flux density","total radiant energy release","fire radiated energy density","air temperature","biota","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","environment","Fire","Fire suppression, pre-suppression","Prescribed fire","Smoke","Wildland\/urban interface","Silas Little Experimental Forest","New Jersey","Burlington County","Pinelands National Reserve","PNR","Pine Barrens","NJPB","Pinelands"],"spatial":"-74.59739,39.91179,-74.59215,39.91794","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0091","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0091","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-06-02"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Multi-scale analyses of wildland fire combustion processes: Large-scale field experiments \u2013 fuel loading and consumption","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0092","description":"The United States Department of Defense (DoD) Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) funded project: Multi-scale Analyses of Wildland Fire Combustion Processes in Open-canopied Forests using Coupled and Iteratively Informed Laboratory-, Field-, and Model-based Approaches (RC-2641) conducted a large-scale (management-scale) field experiment during an operational prescribed burn to quantify how atmospheric dynamics across a wide range of spatial and temporal scales affect fire propagation, energy exchange, and fuel consumption. This experiment also provided an opportunity to fully examine how combustion related processes transfer across scales of particles and simple fuel beds in the laboratory, wind tunnel, small-scale, and operational prescribed burns as instrumentation used in small-scale field experiments was embedded in this experiment. In addition, the large-scale experiment also provides data necessary for simulation and model testing of coupled atmosphere-fire behavior prediction systems (e.g., WRF-SFire, WFDS, QUIC-Fire, FIRETEC) and coupled atmosphere-canopy-smoke dispersion prediction systems (e.g., ARPS-Canopy\/FLEXPART). The large-scale field experiment includes data from a heavily instrumented ~12.1 hectare (ha) management-scale fire conducted at the Silas Little Experimental Forest in the Pinelands National Reserve (PNR) on March 13, 2019.\n\nThis data publication contains fuel load mass data collected from two LAUMAS model ISM75 (SN: M0179216) load cells located near the west tower. The data were collected at 5 hertz (Hz). The load cell data were used to estimate fuel loading and consumption at specific locations in the burn unit. The data include a time history or fuel bed mass (grams [g]).Many DoD facilities utilize low intensity prescribed fire to manage hazardous fuels, restore ecological function and historic fire regimes, and encourage the recovery of threatened and endangered species in the forests they manage. Current predictive models used to simulate fire behavior during low-intensity prescribed fires (and wildfires) are empirically based, simplistic, and fail to adequately predict fire outcomes because they do not account for variability in fuel characteristics and interactions with important meteorological variables. This study used a suite of measurements at the fuel particle, fuel bed, field plot, and stand scales to quantify how variability in fuel characteristics and key meteorological factors interact to drive fire behavior during low intensity prescribed burns. These experiments were designed to inform the development and evaluation of mechanistic, physics-based models that explicitly account for combustion, turbulent transfer, and energy exchange by coupling and scaling individual component processes. These datasets provide measurements to improve the understanding of, and ability to accurately predict, fire behavior under a wide range of management scenarios.A summary of the SERDP Project RC-2641 can be found at the RC-2641 Project Overview (serdp-estcp.org): https:\/\/www.serdp-estcp.org\/projects\/details\/a4a4642d-f2be-4e52-b678-454fe06afbc2\/rc-2641-project-overview.\n\nPlease reference the burn layout and documentation data publication (Gallagher et al. 2023, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0089) as these data provide the sensor locations of each burn, a detailed description of data collected and a summary of the conditions during the burn periods.","keyword":["fire behavior","fire spread","combustion","computational fluid dynamics","aerodynamic drag","fuel structure and loading","heat flux","prescribed burn","prescribed fire","prescribed energy release","load cell","fuel loading","consumption","biota","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","environment","Fire","Fire suppression, pre-suppression","Prescribed fire","Smoke","Wildland\/urban interface","Silas Little Experimental Forest","New Jersey","Burlington County","Pinelands National Reserve","PNR","Pine Barrens","NJPB","Pinelands"],"spatial":"-74.59796,39.91591,-74.59502,39.91825","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0092","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0092","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-06-01"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Multi-scale analyses of wildland fire combustion processes: Large-scale field experiments \u2013 atmospheric pressure","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0093","description":"The United States Department of Defense (DoD) Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) funded project: Multi-scale Analyses of Wildland Fire Combustion Processes in Open-canopied Forests using Coupled and Iteratively Informed Laboratory-, Field-, and Model-based Approaches (RC-2641) conducted a large-scale (management-scale) field experiment during an operational prescribed burn to quantify how atmospheric dynamics across a wide range of spatial and temporal scales affect fire propagation, energy exchange, and fuel consumption. This experiment also provided an opportunity to fully examine how combustion related processes transfer across scales of particles and simple fuel beds in the laboratory, wind tunnel, small-scale, and operational prescribed burns as instrumentation used in small-scale field experiments was embedded in this experiment. In addition, the large-scale experiment also provides data necessary for simulation and model testing of coupled atmosphere-fire behavior prediction systems (e.g., WRF-SFire, WFDS, QUIC-Fire, FIRETEC) and coupled atmosphere-canopy-smoke dispersion prediction systems (e.g., ARPS-Canopy\/FLEXPART). The large-scale field experiment includes data from a heavily instrumented ~12.1 hectare (ha) management-scale fire conducted at the Silas Little Experimental Forest in the Pinelands National Reserve (PNR) on March 13, 2019.\n\t  \nThis data publication contains air pressure data collected from nine pressure sensors (Bosch BMP 180\/ BMP 280). Seven pressure sensors were located within the burn area, three were located on the west tower at approximately 2.5, 8.5 and 15 meters (m) above the ground and one on each of the four surrounding understory towers at approximately 2.5 m above the ground. Two pressure sensors were located on the control tower approximately 225 m north of the burn area mounted at approximately 2.5 and 19.5 m above the ground. The understory pressure sensors were installed to compare with the 10 x 10-m burns (small-scale field experiments). Pressure sensors were logged at 10 hertz (Hz) using CR6 dataloggers (Campbell Scientific). The pressure sensor data were used to examine fine-temporal resolution variation in atmospheric pressure associated with the passage of fire fronts. Data include temperature (degrees Celsius [\u00b0C]) and air pressure (millibars [mbar]).Many DoD facilities utilize low intensity prescribed fire to manage hazardous fuels, restore ecological function and historic fire regimes, and encourage the recovery of threatened and endangered species in the forests they manage. Current predictive models used to simulate fire behavior during low-intensity prescribed fires (and wildfires) are empirically based, simplistic, and fail to adequately predict fire outcomes because they do not account for variability in fuel characteristics and interactions with important meteorological variables. This study used a suite of measurements at the fuel particle, fuel bed, field plot, and stand scales to quantify how variability in fuel characteristics and key meteorological factors interact to drive fire behavior during low intensity prescribed burns. These experiments were designed to inform the development and evaluation of mechanistic, physics-based models that explicitly account for combustion, turbulent transfer, and energy exchange by coupling and scaling individual component processes. These datasets provide measurements to improve the understanding of, and ability to accurately predict, fire behavior under a wide range of management scenarios.A summary of the SERDP Project RC-2641 can be found at the RC-2641 Project Overview (serdp-estcp.org): https:\/\/www.serdp-estcp.org\/projects\/details\/a4a4642d-f2be-4e52-b678-454fe06afbc2\/rc-2641-project-overview.\n\nPlease reference the burn layout and documentation data publication (Gallagher et al. 2023, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0089) as these data provide the sensor locations of each burn, a detailed description of data collected and a summary of the conditions during the burn periods.","keyword":["fire behavior","fire spread","combustion","computational fluid dynamics","drag forces","fuel structure","heat fluxes","prescribed burn","prescribed fire","prescribed energy release","atmospheric pressure","biota","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","environment","Fire suppression, pre-suppression","Prescribed fire","Smoke","Wildland\/urban interface","Silas Little Experimental Forest","New Jersey","Burlington County","Pinelands National Reserve","PNR","Pine Barrens","NJPB","Pine Lands"],"spatial":"-74.59739,39.91179,-74.59215,39.91794","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0093","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0093","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-06-01"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Multi-scale analyses of wildland fire combustion processes: Large-scale field experiments \u2013 SODAR 3-dimensional wind","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0094","description":"The United States Department of Defense (DoD) Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) funded project: Multi-scale Analyses of Wildland Fire Combustion Processes in Open-canopied Forests using Coupled and Iteratively Informed Laboratory-, Field-, and Model-based Approaches (RC-2641) conducted a large-scale (management-scale) field experiment during an operational prescribed burn to quantify how atmospheric dynamics across a wide range of spatial and temporal scales affect fire propagation, energy exchange, and fuel consumption. This experiment also provided an opportunity to fully examine how combustion related processes transfer across scales of particles and simple fuel beds in the laboratory, wind tunnel, small-scale, and operational prescribed burns as instrumentation used in small-scale field experiments was embedded in this experiment. In addition, the large-scale experiment also provides data necessary for simulation and model testing of coupled atmosphere-fire behavior prediction systems (e.g., WRF-SFire, WFDS, QUIC-Fire, FIRETEC) and coupled atmosphere-canopy-smoke dispersion prediction systems (e.g., ARPS-Canopy\/FLEXPART). The large-scale field experiment includes data from a heavily instrumented ~12.1 hectare (ha) management-scale fire conducted at the Silas Little Experimental Forest in the Pinelands National Reserve (PNR) on March 13, 2019.\n\nThis data publication contains ambient (i.e., non-fire-induced) wind speed and direction data collected from a Doppler Sonic Detection and Ranging (SODAR) wind profiler (Remtech PA0, The Villages, FL, USA). The SODAR was set up near the control tower and within 100 meters (m) of the northern edge of the burn unit to measure lower atmospheric boundary-layer wind speeds and directions (0 to approximately 400 m above ground level [AGL]) at 20 m height increments every ten minutes for the duration of the fire experiment.Many DoD facilities utilize low intensity prescribed fire to manage hazardous fuels, restore ecological function and historic fire regimes, and encourage the recovery of threatened and endangered species in the forests they manage. Current predictive models used to simulate fire behavior during low-intensity prescribed fires (and wildfires) are empirically based, simplistic, and fail to adequately predict fire outcomes because they do not account for variability in fuel characteristics and interactions with important meteorological variables. This study used a suite of measurements at the fuel particle, fuel bed, field plot, and stand scales to quantify how variability in fuel characteristics and key meteorological factors interact to drive fire behavior during low intensity prescribed burns. These experiments were designed to inform the development and evaluation of mechanistic, physics-based models that explicitly account for combustion, turbulent transfer, and energy exchange by coupling and scaling individual component processes. These datasets provide measurements to improve the understanding of, and ability to accurately predict, fire behavior under a wide range of management scenarios.A summary of the SERDP Project RC-2641 can be found at the RC-2641 Project Overview (serdp-estcp.org): https:\/\/www.serdp-estcp.org\/projects\/details\/a4a4642d-f2be-4e52-b678-454fe06afbc2\/rc-2641-project-overview.\n\nPlease reference the burn layout and documentation data publication (Gallagher et al. 2023, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0089) as these data provide the sensor locations of each burn, a detailed description of data collected and a summary of the conditions during the burn periods.","keyword":["fire behavior","fire spread","combustion","computational fluid dynamics","drag forces","fuel structure","heat fluxes","momentum fluxes","prescribed burn","prescribed fire","temperature","3-dimentional turbulence","wind speed","wind direction","Doppler sonic detection and ranging","SODAR","biota","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","environment","Fire suppression, pre-suppression","Prescribed fire","Smoke","Wildland\/urban interface","Silas Little Experimental Forest","New Jersey","Burlington County","Pinelands National Reserve","PNR","Pine Barrens","NJPB","Pine Lands"],"spatial":"-74.59739,39.91179,-74.59215,39.91794","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0094","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0094","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-06-01"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Multi-scale analyses of wildland fire combustion processes: Large-scale field experiments \u2013 three-dimensional wind and temperature","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0095","description":"The United States Department of Defense (DoD) Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) funded project: Multi-scale Analyses of Wildland Fire Combustion Processes in Open-canopied Forests using Coupled and Iteratively Informed Laboratory-, Field-, and Model-based Approaches (RC-2641) conducted a large-scale (management-scale) field experiment during an operational prescribed burn to quantify how atmospheric dynamics across a wide range of spatial and temporal scales affect fire propagation, energy exchange, and fuel consumption. This experiment also provided an opportunity to fully examine how combustion related processes transfer across scales of particles and simple fuel beds in the laboratory, wind tunnel, small-scale, and operational prescribed burns as instrumentation used in small-scale field experiments was embedded in this experiment. In addition, the large-scale experiment also provides data necessary for simulation and model testing of coupled atmosphere-fire behavior prediction systems (e.g., WRF-SFire, WFDS, QUIC-Fire, FIRETEC) and coupled atmosphere-canopy-smoke dispersion prediction systems (e.g., ARPS-Canopy\/FLEXPART). The large-scale field experiment includes data from a heavily instrumented ~12.1 hectare (ha) management-scale fire conducted at the Silas Little Experimental Forest in the Pinelands National Reserve (PNR) on March 13, 2019.\n\nThis data publication contains data collected from 22 sonic anemometers (81000v, R.M. Young Inc.). Fifteen sonic anemometers were mounted on 5 meteorological towers within the burn area and a 3 sonics were mounted on the control tower approximately 225 meters (m) outside the burn permitter to the north. Three sonics anemometers were mounted on each tower at approximately 3, 10 and 19 m above the ground. Four additional sonics where installed around the west tower at approximately 3 m to compare with the 10 x 10-meter burns (small-scale field experiments). Sonic anemometers were logged at 10 hertz (Hz) using CR3000 dataloggers (Campbell Scientific). The Sonic data were used to explore fine-scale patterns of vertical turbulence above flame fronts. Pre-fire data were used to quantify ambient wind conditions before and after fire front passage, turbulence, sensible (convective) heat fluxes, and momentum fluxes above flame fronts during fires. Data include sampled horizontal and vertical wind speed (meters per second [m\/s]) and temperature (degrees Celsius [\u00b0C]).Many DoD facilities utilize low intensity prescribed fire to manage hazardous fuels, restore ecological function and historic fire regimes, and encourage the recovery of threatened and endangered species in the forests they manage. Current predictive models used to simulate fire behavior during low-intensity prescribed fires (and wildfires) are empirically based, simplistic, and fail to adequately predict fire outcomes because they do not account for variability in fuel characteristics and interactions with important meteorological variables. This study used a suite of measurements at the fuel particle, fuel bed, field plot, and stand scales to quantify how variability in fuel characteristics and key meteorological factors interact to drive fire behavior during low intensity prescribed burns. These experiments were designed to inform the development and evaluation of mechanistic, physics-based models that explicitly account for combustion, turbulent transfer, and energy exchange by coupling and scaling individual component processes. These datasets provide measurements to improve the understanding of, and ability to accurately predict, fire behavior under a wide range of management scenarios.A summary of the SERDP Project RC-2641 can be found at the RC-2641 Project Overview (serdp-estcp.org): https:\/\/www.serdp-estcp.org\/projects\/details\/a4a4642d-f2be-4e52-b678-454fe06afbc2\/rc-2641-project-overview.\n\nPlease reference the burn layout and documentation data publication (Gallagher et al. 2023, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0089) as these data provide the sensor locations of each burn, a detailed description of data collected and a summary of the conditions during the burn periods.","keyword":["fire behavior","fire spread","combustion","computational fluid dynamics","aerodynamic drag ","fuel structure and loading","heat fluxes","sensible heat fluxes","convective","heat fluxes","prescribed burn","prescribed fire","temperature","3-dimentional turbulence","wind direction","wind speed","biota","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","environment","Fire","Fire suppression, pre-suppression","Prescribed fire","Smoke","Wildland\/urban interface","Silas Little Experimental Forest","New Jersey","Burlington County","Pinelands National Reserve","PNR","Pine Barrens","NJPB","Pine Lands"],"spatial":"-74.59739,39.91179,-74.59215,39.91794","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0095","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0095","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-06-01"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Multi-scale analyses of wildland fire combustion processes: Large-scale field experiments \u2013 temperature profile","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0096","description":"The United States Department of Defense (DoD) Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) funded project: Multi-scale Analyses of Wildland Fire Combustion Processes in Open-canopied Forests using Coupled and Iteratively Informed Laboratory-, Field-, and Model-based Approaches (RC-2641) conducted a large-scale (management-scale) field experiment during an operational prescribed burn to quantify how atmospheric dynamics across a wide range of spatial and temporal scales affect fire propagation, energy exchange, and fuel consumption. This experiment also provided an opportunity to fully examine how combustion related processes transfer across scales of particles and simple fuel beds in the laboratory, wind tunnel, small-scale, and operational prescribed burns as instrumentation used in small-scale field experiments was embedded in this experiment. In addition, the large-scale experiment also provides data necessary for simulation and model testing of coupled atmosphere-fire behavior prediction systems (e.g., WRF-SFire, WFDS, QUIC-Fire, FIRETEC) and coupled atmosphere-canopy-smoke dispersion prediction systems (e.g., ARPS-Canopy\/FLEXPART). The large-scale field experiment includes data from a heavily instrumented ~12.1 hectare (ha) management-scale fire conducted at the Silas Little Experimental Forest in the Pinelands National Reserve (PNR) on March 13, 2019.\n\nThis data publication contains temperature data collected using forty-two Omega K-type thermocouples (KMTXL-IOM25G-150, Omega Engineering Inc., Norwalk, CT). Seven thermocouples were arranged in a vertical profile on the north, east, west and flux towers at 0.25, 0.5, 1.2, 2.5, 5, 10 and 15 meters (m) above the ground. Eleven thermocouples were located on the south tower at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 m above the ground. Three thermocouples were located on the control tower approximately 225 m north of the burn area mounted at 5, 10, and 15 m above the ground. Thermocouples were logged at 10 hertz (Hz) using CR3000 dataloggers, and data were used to estimate arrival times, persistence, and height and tilt of flame fronts.Many DoD facilities utilize low intensity prescribed fire to manage hazardous fuels, restore ecological function and historic fire regimes, and encourage the recovery of threatened and endangered species in the forests they manage. Current predictive models used to simulate fire behavior during low-intensity prescribed fires (and wildfires) are empirically based, simplistic, and fail to adequately predict fire outcomes because they do not account for variability in fuel characteristics and interactions with important meteorological variables. This study used a suite of measurements at the fuel particle, fuel bed, field plot, and stand scales to quantify how variability in fuel characteristics and key meteorological factors interact to drive fire behavior during low intensity prescribed burns. These experiments were designed to inform the development and evaluation of mechanistic, physics-based models that explicitly account for combustion, turbulent transfer, and energy exchange by coupling and scaling individual component processes. These datasets provide measurements to improve the understanding of, and ability to accurately predict, fire behavior under a wide range of management scenarios.A summary of the SERDP Project RC-2641 can be found at the RC-2641 Project Overview (serdp-estcp.org): https:\/\/www.serdp-estcp.org\/projects\/details\/a4a4642d-f2be-4e52-b678-454fe06afbc2\/rc-2641-project-overview.\n\nPlease reference the burn layout and documentation data publication (Gallagher et al. 2023, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0089) as these data provide the sensor locations of each burn, a detailed description of data collected and a summary of the conditions during the burn periods.","keyword":["fire behavior","fire spread","combustion","computational fluid dynamics","aerodynamic drag ","fuel structure and loading","heat fluxes","prescribed burn","prescribed fir","temperature","biota","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","environment","Fire","Fire suppression, pre-suppression","Prescribed fire","Smoke","Wildland\/urban interface","Silas Little Experimental Forest","New Jersey","Burlington County","Pinelands National Reserve","PNR","Pine Barrens","NJPB","Pine Lands"],"spatial":"-74.59739,39.91179,-74.59215,39.91794","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0096","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0096","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-06-01"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Multi-scale analyses of wildland fire combustion processes: Large-scale field experiments \u2013 terrestrial laser scans","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0097","description":"The United States Department of Defense (DoD) Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) funded project: Multi-scale Analyses of Wildland Fire Combustion Processes in Open-canopied Forests using Coupled and Iteratively Informed Laboratory-, Field-, and Model-based Approaches (RC-2641) conducted a large-scale (management-scale) field experiment during an operational prescribed burn to quantify how atmospheric dynamics across a wide range of spatial and temporal scales affect fire propagation, energy exchange, and fuel consumption. This experiment also provided an opportunity to fully examine how combustion related processes transfer across scales of particles and simple fuel beds in the laboratory, wind tunnel, small-scale, and operational prescribed burns as instrumentation used in small-scale field experiments was embedded in this experiment. In addition, the large-scale experiment also provides data necessary for simulation and model testing of coupled atmosphere-fire behavior prediction systems (e.g., WRF-SFire, WFDS, QUIC-Fire, FIRETEC) and coupled atmosphere-canopy-smoke dispersion prediction systems (e.g., ARPS-Canopy\/FLEXPART). The large-scale field experiment includes data from a heavily instrumented ~12.1 hectare (ha) management-scale fire conducted at the Silas Little Experimental Forest in the Pinelands National Reserve (PNR) on March 13, 2019.\n\t  \nThis data publication contains terrestrial laser scans (TLS) data collected using a FARO Focus 3D X 330. A series of scans were taken around 4 (North, South, East and West) tall towers (TT) and 12 (KB1-KB9, S1, W1 and W2) Krem box towers (KT) for both pre- and post-burn conditions. The scans were subset to a 10 m radius around the TT and a 2 m radius around the KT towers.  GPS coordinates were collected using a Trimble GeoXH 6000 handheld receiver and post processed to spatially reference scanned subsets. TLS data were used to map instrument locations, evaluate fuel characteristics, and evaluate changes in fuel loading.Many DoD facilities utilize low intensity prescribed fire to manage hazardous fuels, restore ecological function and historic fire regimes, and encourage the recovery of threatened and endangered species in the forests they manage. Current predictive models used to simulate fire behavior during low-intensity prescribed fires (and wildfires) are empirically based, simplistic, and fail to adequately predict fire outcomes because they do not account for variability in fuel characteristics and interactions with important meteorological variables. This study used a suite of measurements at the fuel particle, fuel bed, field plot, and stand scales to quantify how variability in fuel characteristics and key meteorological factors interact to drive fire behavior during low intensity prescribed burns. These experiments were designed to inform the development and evaluation of mechanistic, physics-based models that explicitly account for combustion, turbulent transfer, and energy exchange by coupling and scaling individual component processes. These datasets provide measurements to improve the understanding of, and ability to accurately predict, fire behavior under a wide range of management scenarios.A summary of the SERDP Project RC-2641 can be found at the RC-2641 Project Overview (serdp-estcp.org): https:\/\/www.serdp-estcp.org\/projects\/details\/a4a4642d-f2be-4e52-b678-454fe06afbc2\/rc-2641-project-overview.\n\nPlease reference the burn layout and documentation data publication (Gallagher et al. 2023, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0089) as these data provide the sensor locations of each burn, a detailed description of data collected and a summary of the conditions during the burn periods.\n\nThese data were published on 06\/01\/2023. We discovered a few corrupt data files that were corrected on 05\/21\/2024: \\TLS_KB_HgtDelta\\Burn01_S1, \\TLS_KB_HgtDelta\\Burn01_W1, and \\TLS_KB_HgtDelta\\Burn01_W2.","keyword":["fire behavior","fire spread","combustion","computational fluid dynamics","aerodynamic drag ","fuel structure and loading","heat fluxes","prescribed burn","fuel consumption","fuel load","fuel bed depth","terrestrial laser scan","TLS","biota","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","environment","Fire","Fire suppression, pre-suppression","Smoke","Wildland\/urban interface","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Ecology","Fire ecology","Silas Little Experimental Forest","New Jersey","Burlington County","Pinelands National Reserve","PNR","Pine Barrens","NJPB","Pine Lands"],"spatial":"-74.59796,39.91591,-74.59502,39.91825","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0097","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0097","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-05-21"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Multi-scale analyses of wildland fire combustion processes: Small-scale field experiments \u2013 infrared data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0076","description":"The United States Department of Defense (DoD) Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) funded project: \"Multi-scale Analyses of Wildland Fire Combustion Processes in Open-canopied Forests using Coupled and Iteratively Informed Laboratory-, Field-, and Model-based Approaches (RC-2641)\" small-scale field experiments were designed to investigate how contrasting fuel conditions (e.g., fuel load, particle type, bulk density), fire spread type (e.g., heading vs. backing), and ambient conditions (e.g., seasonality, moisture, flow, temperature) influenced physical processes associated with combustion (e.g., heat transfer, flame propagation, flow) and the scale-dependent coupling of these processes. Additionally, these experiments provide 1) a linkage between small-scale laboratory combustion experiments and large-scale operational prescribed fires, and 2) archived datasets for further model development and evaluation. Our experimental design incorporates complementary approaches, methods, and instrumentation employed at these other scales, to quantify critical properties of the experimental fires\u2019 physics domains (e.g., fuels and ambient conditions) and processes associated with combustion (e.g., heat transfer, flame propagation, flow). The small-scale field experiments include a series of highly instrumented, intermediate-scale experiments conducted on 100 square meter plots at the Silas Little Experimental Forest, New Lisbon, New Jersey. \n\t  \nThis dataset contains data collected in the spring of 2018 and 2019 from a FLIR infrared video camera. Infrared (IR) data were collected using a FLIR infrared video camera (A655SC, FOL6 100.0-650.0 C lens; FLIR Systems Inc., Wilsonville, OR). The camera was mounted on the plot center tower 7.5 meters (m) and 9 m above the ground, depending on experiment, to provide a nadir view of the plot. Data were collected at 20 hertz using FLIR ResearchIR Max (Version 4.40.1.6) software. The raw data includes a sequence (SEQ) IR video file for each burn. The processed data includes a series of tables per burn in approximately 1 second (s) increments identifying pixels burning (temperatures above 300 degrees Celsius (\u00b0C)), and plot burn summaries for each burn identifying the count and percent of pixels burning per frame, count and percent of pixel ignitions per frame and pixel residence time (time (s) each pixel burned).Many DoD facilities utilize low intensity prescribed fire to manage hazardous fuels, restore ecological function and historic fire regimes, and encourage the recovery of threatened and endangered species in the forests they manage. Current predictive models used to simulate fire behavior during low-intensity prescribed fires (and wildfires) are empirically based, simplistic, and fail to adequately predict fire outcomes because they do not account for variability in fuel characteristics and interactions with important meteorological variables. This study used a suite of measurements at the fuel particle, fuel bed, field plot, and stand scales to quantify how variability in fuel characteristics and key meteorological factors interact to drive fire behavior during low intensity prescribed burns. These experiments were designed to inform the development and evaluation of physics-based models that explicitly account for combustion, turbulent transfer, and energy exchange by coupling and scaling individual component processes. These datasets provide measurements to improve the understanding of, and ability to accurately predict, fire behavior under a wide range of management scenarios.A summary of the SERDP Project RC-2641 can be found at the RC-2641 Project Overview (serdp-estcp.org): https:\/\/www.serdp-estcp.org\/Program-Areas\/Resource-Conservation-and-Resiliency\/Air-Quality\/Fire-Emissions\/RC-2641.\n\nPlease reference the plot layout and documentation data publication (Gallagher et al. 2022) as these data provide the sensor locations of each burn, a detailed description of data collected and a burn summary.","keyword":["fire behavior","fire spread","combustion","computational fluid dynamics","aerodynamic drag","fuel structure and loading","heat flux","prescribed burn","prescribed fire","prescribed energy release","temperature","FLIR","infrared camera","infrared images","biota","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","environment","Fire","Fire suppression, pre-suppression","Smoke","Wildland\/urban interface","Silas Little Experimental Forest","New Jersey","Burlington County","Pinelands National Reserve","PNR","Pine Barrens","NJPB","Pine Lands"],"spatial":"-74.59796,39.91591,-74.59502,39.91825","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0076","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0076","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2022-11-10"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Fuel break encounters with large wildfires in southern California National Forests and associated biophysical, suppression, weather, and fire behavior characteristics","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0098","description":"We built a dataset of fuel break encounters with recent (2017-2020) large wildfires in southern California and their associated biophysical, suppression, weather, and fire behavior characteristics to develop statistical models of fuel break effectiveness. This data publication contains the spatial and tabular data used in the analysis. The spatial data include fuel break polylines and associated wildfire extent polygons. Tabular data include wildfire attributes such as fire identifiers, start year, source, discovery dates, as well as some additional information obtained from the incident status summary report and a fire plan analysis fire occurrence dataset. Additional tabular data describing the fuel break-wildfire interaction samples points are also included such as coordinates, outcomes, and predictor variables.To characterize fuel break success rates and how fuel break effectiveness relates to factors such as weather, fire behavior, fuel break condition, accessibility, topography, and suppression.These data were published on 02\/28\/2023. Minor metadata updates were made on 08\/08\/2024. \n\t  \nFor more information about this study and these data, see Gannon et al. (2023).","keyword":["climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","environment","imageryBaseMapsEarthCover","Climate change","Fire","Fire suppression, pre-suppression","Wildland\/urban interface","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Natural Resource Management & Use","Engineering, roads, bridges","Landscape management","fuel breaks","wildfire","suppression","effectiveness","outcomes","California"],"spatial":"-121.91863,32.64477,-116.30811,36.41299","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0098","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0098","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-08-08"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Vapor pressure data for the conterminous United States at a 30 arcsecond resolution for 28 CMIP5 Global Climate Models under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0001","description":"We calculated monthly vapor pressure values for the conterminous United States from 1950 to 2100 from global climate models (GCM) output published by Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). These data include 28 GCMs under Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 and RCP 8.5 climate change scenarios. Vapor pressure data were then downscaled from their original spatial resolutions to 30 arcsecond using a statistical downscaling method called Bias Correction-Spatial Disaggregation (BCSD). These monthly vapor pressure data are provided as separate NetCDF files for each year (1950-2100), each of 28 GCM's, and each scenario (historical, RCP 4.5, and RCP 8.5).Vapor pressure (VPR) is the amount of water vapor held in the air. Vapor pressure deficit (VPD) is the difference between the total amount of water vapor air can hold at a given temperature and the actual amount of water held, expressed as partial pressure of water. VPD exerts a direct effect on plant transpiration by controlling the opening and closing of stomata (REF). VPD values are relevant for simulating vegetation response to climate, estimating drought conditions, and to simulate wildfire dynamics. Spatial vegetation or fire models require VPD dataset in a gridded format, along with other climate variables. Thus, these data may be used as input for vegetation, fire, drought or earth system models.Package was originally published on 02\/22\/23. On 03\/20\/2023 a subset of the data were made available for immediate download. Metadata updated on 04\/28\/2023 to include reference to newly published article.","keyword":["climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","Climate change","Climatology","vapor pressure","vapor pressure deficit","bias correction spatial disaggregation","PRISM","statistical downscaling","humidity","climate change","conterminous United States"],"spatial":"-125.02084,24.06250,-66.47917,49.93750","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0001","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0001","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-04-28"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) invasive plant data aggregated by U.S. county, 2005-2018","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0002","description":"Nonnative invasive plant species cause long-term detrimental effects on forest ecosystems, including declines in biological diversity, alterations to forest succession, and changes in nutrient, carbon, and water cycles. The damage caused by these exotic species, and the efforts to control them, are costly, even before accounting for the impacts to nonmarket economic services such as recreation and landscape aesthetics. The Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program collects invasive plant data based on expert-derived lists of problematic invasive plant species defined as those of any growth form likely to cause economic or environmental harm. Using each state's most recent evaluation period between 2005 and 2018, we determined the number and percent of FIA plots invaded by non-native plant species for each U.S. county, as well as the mean number of invasive species and percent cover of invasive species on the plots inventoried for invasive species in each county. These county-level data are provided as both a shapefile and Geopackage.These data were developed to assess the degree of invasion of U.S. forests by non-native plants for the 2020 Resources Planning Act (RPA) Assessment (https:\/\/www.fs.usda.gov\/research\/inventory\/rpaa) chapter on Disturbances to Forests and Rangelands.These data were published on 03\/10\/2023. Metadata updated on 10\/17\/2023 to include reference to published RPA Assessment.","keyword":["biota","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Forest & Plant Health","Invasive species","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Resource inventory","invasive plants","RPA Assessment","Resources Planning Act Assessment","conterminous United States","Alaska","Hawaii"],"spatial":"-179.14734,-14.55255,179.77847,71.35256","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0002","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0002","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-10-17"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Water yield projections due to climate variability and change in the United States for current and mid-century periods: A 2020 RPA Assessment","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0003","description":"Hydrological responses to climate variability and change were assessed for the current (1986-2015) and mid-century (2041-2070) periods. This publication contains data describing water yields for the conterminous United States for a 30-year period and predictive data for changes in annual potential evapotranspiration, precipitation, and water yields in the upcoming mid-century. Predictive data were estimated using multiple 2020 Resources Planning Act (RPA) Assessment scenario-climate futures which included both the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 and the RCP 8.5 scenarios for the following five general circulation models (GCMs): HadGEM2-ES365, MRI-CGCM3, CNRM-CM5, IPSL-CM5A-MR, and NorESM1-M.These data were also collected and analyzed to support the 2020 Resources Planning Act (RPA) Assessment (https:\/\/www.fs.usda.gov\/research\/inventory\/rpaa), specifically, this data supports the water yield projections in the RPA Water Assessment. The Water Assessment is an all-lands assessment and describes the status and trends of water resources throughout the conterminous United States.","keyword":["environment","inlandWaters","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","Climate change","Climate change effects","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","Natural Resource Management & Use","Water","water yield","national forests","Resources Planning Act Assessment","RPA Assessment","drought","conterminous United States","CONUS"],"spatial":"-124.73310,24.51832,-66.95400,49.38051","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0003","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0003","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-10-19"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Forest age map, tree species traits and Landsat phenology metrics for Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0004","description":"This data publication contains data on tree species functional traits, forest stand age and vegetation phenology used for modeling and analysis of small tree survival across a heterogeneous tropical landscape (Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands). Trees are at increased risk of mortality from increased heat, drought, fire, storms and other causes. However, predictions of tree mortality are highly uncertain. Tabular data include: 1) wood specific gravity values collected for this study for 176 trees of 104 tree species (oven dry weight\/green volume); 2) citations and taxonomic basis for assigning the categories of tree species mycorrhizal putative status; 3) forest-cover data gathered from orthorectified pairs of aerial photos from the years 1936-1937 for Puerto Rico forest inventory plots that were forested in the years 2001-2008; and 4) tree species functional groups and functional traits used for modeling small tree survival across Puerto Rico and U.S. Virgin Islands (PRVI). Spatial data include: 1) a spatial raster dataset representing forest stand age class circa the year 2001 in GeoTIFF (TIF) format; and 2) a spatial raster dataset (TIF) of four metrics of average annual phenology of vegetation greenness from 2010-2014 for Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands produced from Landsat satellite imagery.These data were collected to analyze tree demography, diversity, productivity and nutrient cycling, including carbon storage, to better manage and understand Caribbean forests and tropical forests in general.For more information about this study and these data, see Helmer et al. (2023).\n\t  \nThese data were published on 01\/06\/2023. On 07\/24\/2023 minor changes were made to the metadata to update out of date URLs as well as update a reference that is now available.","keyword":["farming","biota","environment","imageryBaseMapsEarthCover","Climate change","Carbon","Climatology","Climate change effects","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Ecology","Geography","Landscape ecology","Environment and People","Impact of people on environment","Forest & Plant Health","Human effects","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Techniques","Natural Resource Management & Use","Conservation","Ecosystem services","Landscape management","tropical forest","tree mortality","mortality risk","random forests","conspecific negative density dependence","exotic species","deforestation","forest regrowth","forest biomass","tree functional traits","drought","hurricane","typhoon","cyclone","succession","disturbance","cloud forest","tropical dry forest","ultramafic","ecosystem demography","land use","Landsat","land-surface phenology","Janzen-Connell hypothesis","shade tolerance","invasive species","forest age","secondary tropical forest","invasive species","mycorrhizal association","Puerto Rico","U.S. Virgin Islands","USA"],"spatial":"-68.0,17.5,-64.0,19.0","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0004","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0004","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-07-24"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Santee Experimental Forest, Watershed 79: streamflow and water chemistry data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0005","description":"This data publication contains streamflow and water chemistry data measured at Watershed 79 (WS79) on the Santee Experimental Forest near Huger, South Carolina starting in 1966. WS79 is a 500-hectare second-order watershed that was established in 1966 on the Santee Experimental Forest. It encompasses both of the paired first-order watersheds, Watershed 77 (WS77) and Watershed 80 (WS80). Daily streamflow data, monitored at the watershed outlet, are provided from January 1966 to October 1973 and November 1989 to October 1990 for the historic period, as well as hourly, 10-minute and daily data from 2002-2023. Approximately weekly water chemistry data obtained from grab samples collected upstream of the WS79 weir are included from 1989-1994. Water chemistry data from September 2006 to April 2007 obtained from grab samples collected upstream of the WS79 weir during periods of active flow when parts of the watershed were experiencing thinning and prescribed burning treatments, are also provided. In August 2010, a new water quality sampler was installed, and samples were collected upstream of the WS79 weir by the automated sampler during periods of active flow until May 2020, at which point sampling went back to weekly grab samples and continued as such through July 2021. Starting in May 2006 and continuing through 2023, additional water quality parameters (pH, temperature, conductivity, salinity and dissolved oxygen) were also measured in situ on an approximately weekly (later biweekly) basis.The purpose of WS79 when established in 1966 was to expand the scale at which research on the effects of watershed size on precipitation-runoff relationships could be conducted, also using data from the smaller WS77 watershed established in 1963, on the Santee Experimental Forest. Hurricane Hugo devastated the Santee Experimental Forest in September 1989, and streamflow monitoring was resumed soon thereafter, and water quality sampling was also initiated on WS79 to document the effects of this disturbance on water quality during subsequent 1989-1994 watershed recovery.Data from 1966-2021 were published on 01\/10\/2023. On 08\/15\/2024 we added 2022-2023 data and a made a few minor metadata updates. In addition, we added some precision to a few variables where data were available to the thousandths but only published to the hundredths (Br_mgL, SO4_mgL, PO4_mgL, Conductivi, and Salinity_P). This affected only 3% of these values, but the data have been corrected.","keyword":["climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","environment","inlandWaters","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","forested wetlands","poorly drained soils","outflow (runoff)","water quality","automated sampler","Manta multiprobe","Hanna multiprobe","flowmeter","pressure transducer","GL300","WL15","WL16","Santee Experimental Forest","South Carolina","Coastal Plain","Francis Marion National Forest","Watershed 79"],"spatial":"-79.78153,33.13284,-79.76300,33.15007","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0005","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0005","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-08-15"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Proportions of wildland vegetation in proximity to buildings: Assessments for the conterminous United States, National Forests lands, and private inholdings","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0006","description":"This data publication includes maps and summaries of building extent in wildland vegetation of the conterminous United States, based on a Microsoft building footprints dataset (released 2018) and the 2016 National Land Cover Dataset. Data products include 1) raster maps of building extent and intensity in wildland vegetation in the conterminous United States, 2) edited vector digital files used to summarize building impacts in National Forests and within National Forest private inholdings, and 3) tabular summaries of building impacts in wildland vegetation for the entire conterminous United States, for all National Forest System lands, for private inholdings on National Forests, and federally-owned National Forest System lands that are vulnerable to development impacts due to their proximity to private inholdings. The building extent raster indicates building presence within three ecological effect distances - 100, 250, or 500 meters - of wildland vegetation, and building intensity rasters indicate the number of buildings present within these three distances.Buildings in proximity to wildlands can degrade habitat quality and threaten biodiversity. Conservationists have called for efforts to expand protected areas in order to combat the global threat of development in wildlands, and the U.S. government has set a goal of protecting 30% of all land and water areas by 2030. However, identifying opportunities for conservation actions must account for existing development. Here, we quantified the extent and intensity of buildings in wildland vegetation in the conterminous U.S. and on U.S. National Forest System lands, which have experienced rapid housing growth on private inholdings. These maps and summaries can be used to assess development impacts in wildlands, and to identify wildland areas that are either impacted by development or currently free of development. Identifying these areas can be a useful criteria for prioritizing conservation actions based on current levels of development and the potential for future impacts.These data were published on 01\/13\/2023. Metadata updated on 10\/17\/2023 to include reference to newly published article.\n\t  \nFor more information about these data, see Carlson et al. (2023).","keyword":["biota","boundaries","environment","imageryBaseMapsEarthCover","location","planningCadastre","society","structure","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Landscape ecology","Environment and People","Impact of people on environment","Fire","Wildland\/urban interface","Forest & Plant Health","Human effects","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Assessments","Natural Resource Management & Use","Conservation","Landscape management","Wilderness","development","biodiversity","protected areas","urbanization","conservation","fragmentation","RPA Assessment","Resources Planning Act Assessment","conterminous United States","CONUS"],"spatial":"-127.97712,22.76829,-65.25446,51.64963","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0006","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0006","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-10-17"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Nitrogen fixation by Robinia pseudoacacia (L.) seedlings in the greenhouse under manipulated nitrogen and light treatments","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0007","description":"Symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) is a critical mechanism of ecosystem recovery, and in forests of the eastern United States, the most common tree species that supports SNF is black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.). Despite its prevalence, black locust\u2019s fixation strategy\u2014whether it maintains fixation at a constant rate (obligate fixation) or reduces its fixation rate (facultative fixation)\u2014is unknown. In this study we examined how nitrogen (N) and light control SNF by black locust, by growing seedlings under two nitrogen levels (nitrogen added and nitrogen not added) and across four levels of light (10%, 20%, 40%, and 100%), with 12-13 replicates for each nitrogen x light treatment. This experiment, conducted at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory in North Carolina, started in May 2020 and seedlings were harvested at the end of 12 weeks. This data publication includes the biomass measurements, net photosynthesis, and nodule activity for each replicate from each of 8 light transmittance and nitrogen treatments.We aimed to examine how light levels and nitrogen addition affected nodulation and nitrogen fixation by Robinia pseudoacacia seedlings.For more information about this study and these data, see Ottinger et al. (2023).","keyword":["biota","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Plant ecology","Soil","Forest & Plant Health","Robinia pseudoacacia (black locust)","succession","disturbance","nodule","rhizobia","ecology","vegetation","early successional","nitrogen fixation","nodules","aboverground biomass","belowground biomass","net photosynthesis","acetylene reduction assay","15N2 incubations","Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory","North Carolina","Southern Appalachians","Appalachian Mountains"],"spatial":"-83.4305652,35.0596866,-83.4305652,35.0596866","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0007","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0007","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-02-13"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Tree data collected in 2017 in the 2012 RxCADRE forested burn unit at Eglin Air Force Base","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0008","description":"This publication contains a comma-separated values (CSV) file containing tree attribute and stem geolocation data collected in April 2017 in the L2F forested management unit at Eglin Air Force Base in Okaloosa County, Florida. The L2F unit was the last unit, and the only forested unit, burned as part of the 2012 Prescribed Fire Combustion and Atmospheric Dynamics Research Experiment (RxCADRE) funded by the Joint Fire Science Program. The RxCADRE prescribed burn was on 11 November 2012, after 2.5 years (3 growing seasons) since the previous prescribed burn on 3 April 2010. This data file contains field-measured attributes of the trees found within 3 large circular plots of 25-meter radius that correspond to the 3 Highly Instrumented Plots (HIPS) placed in the L2F unit for the 2012 RxCADRE burn. There were 353 trees measured 1-3 April 2017, distributed between the 3 HIPS. Before the 2017 tree data collection but after the 2012 RxCADRE burn, a wildfire occurred on 8 April 2016 that was contained on 9 April 2016.The 2012 RxCADRE, and subsequent 2019 and 2020 Strategic Environmental Research and Development (SERDP) projects, were developed to respond to the need for integrated, quality-assured fuels, atmospheric, fire behavior, energy, smoke and effects measurement datasets for calibrating and validating fire and smoke models and tackle fundamental fire science questions. A goal of these projects is to provide quality-assured datasets in a public database to promote data sharing and usage between scientists, managers and anyone who wants them. These tree data could be used for several fuel or fire applications, such as estimating canopy- or crown-level fuels or for running fire behavior simulations, particularly with computational fluid dynamic modeling of fire behavior that uses the spatial distribution of trees to account for the drag on airflow.A short summary of the RxCADRE project can be found in the full data product download (\\Supplements\\RxCADRE_Project_Overview.pdf). Information about the RxCADRE project can also be found here: https:\/\/www.fs.usda.gov\/pnw\/fera\/research\/rxcadre\/.\t  \n\t  \nFor more information about these data, see Rocha et al. (2023), which used a subset of these trees (n=205) that were not multi-stem, not dead, and not < 10 centimeters at diameter at breast height (DBH).","keyword":["biota","environment","location","Fire","Fire detection","Fire ecology","Fire effects on environment","Fire suppression, pre-suppression","Prescribed fire","Smoke","tree attributes","stem map","fuel","lidar","airborne lidar","canopy height model","digital surface model","digital terrain model","intensity","remote sensing","RxCADRE","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","Florida","Eglin Air Force Base"],"spatial":"-86.74000,30.53000,-86.73000,30.54000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0008","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0008","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-02-15"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Leaf mass per area for 105 tree species in Puerto Rico","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0009","description":"Scientists at the International Institute of Tropical Forestry and Southern Research Station of the USDA Forest Service are using a combination of forest inventory data and tree species trait data to model and understand Caribbean forests. Leaf mass per area is an important tree species trait. It is a major indicator of tree life history strategy which, in turn, is important to managing and understanding forests. Forest products, productivity and carbon storage, nitrogen cycling, succession, diversity, drought tolerance and other forest characteristics can be related to this trait. This data publication contains the dry weight of each leaf sample, area of each leaf sample, and leaf mass per area for each sample for 105 different tree species in Puerto Rico. Leaf samples were collected October through December 2018 as well as February through March 2019. Each leaf mass per area relationship is based on samples collected from 1-6 individual trees for each species, with 1-5 replicates for each tree. Various locations were visited in Puerto Rico where a range of common species were expected to be found and samples were collected.These data were collected to be used to model and analyze tree and seedling demography, diversity dynamics, productivity, carbon storage, and other nutrient cycling to better manage and understand Caribbean forests and tropical forests in general.","keyword":["biota","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Plant ecology","Forest & Plant Health","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","leaf mass per area","leaf traits","Puerto Rico","Caribbean","neotropical","tropical"],"spatial":"-67.5,17.5,-65.5,18.5","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0009","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0009","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-01-26"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Stanislaus-Tuolumne Experimental Forest 'Methods of Cutting' study plots 8-11: 88+ years of tree regeneration and forest understory cover data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0010","description":"The data presented here were collected as part of the Sierra Nevada-wide historical \u2018Methods of Cutting\u2019 (MOC) study led by USDA Forest Service silviculturist Duncan Dunning and resampled after 88+ years. These data represent forest understory cover and tree regeneration in four large forestry plots (MOC8, MOC9, MOC10, and MOC11) in what is now the Stanislaus-Tuolumne Experimental Forest (Stanislaus National Forest) in California. Historical data were collected before logging in 1928\/1929 and almost annually after logging through 1948 to examine progress towards restocking plots in 440 milacre quadrats. After rediscovery, tree regeneration, shrub and ground cover, and presence of adult trees were re-measured partially in 2008 and fully in 2016. Data include quadrat- and individual-level seedling growth measurements as well as quadrat-level herb, shrub, and ground cover measurements. Also included are scans of original hand-drawn maps and data sheets. Maps show individual seedlings and saplings as well as shrub and ground cover between 1928 and 1948. Data sheets contain hand-written tabular data for herb and shrub cover, and tree regeneration counts by species between 1928 and 1931.The purpose of the MOC study was to determine the influence of different logging practices on residual stand growth and tree regeneration (both advance and post-logging). For MOC plot 8, special interest was taken in whether logging could promote the growth of pine in a stand undergoing natural succession to fir.Spatial data representing overstory structure from the same plots was published in Knapp and Carlson (2021). For more information about this study and these data, see Dunning (1926) and Brodie et al. (in review).","keyword":["biota","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Ecology","Fire","Fire suppression, pre-suppression","Natural Resource Management & Use","Timber","regeneration","logging","fire suppression","Sierra Nevada","Methods of Cutting","sugar pine","yellow pine","white fir","incense-cedar","Stanislaus-Tuolumne Experimental Forest","California","Stanislaus National Forest"],"spatial":"-120.01861,38.17618,-119.99577,38.18566","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0010","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0010","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-03-30"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"RxCADRE 2012: Terrestrial laser scan (TLS) point cloud data for Eglin Air Force Base","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0011","description":"The RxCADRE project was a large integrated measurements experiment that involved 30 leading fire scientists across 6 fire disciplines to collaboratively collect various data on 7 large operational prescribed fires in 2008 and 2011 at the Eglin Air Force Base in Okaloosa County, Florida and the Joseph W. Jones Ecological Research Center in Georgia. In 2012 the project was extended by the Joint Fire Science Program (JFSP) to include 6 small replicate and 3 large operational prescribed burn blocks in longleaf pine ecosystems on Eglin Air Force Base. These data were collected in the L1G (grass dominated), L2G (grass\/shrub dominated units) and the L2F (forested units) as part of the 2012 large operational prescribed fires. This data publication contains raw terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) data (provided in LAZ format) collected in 2012 at Eglin Air Force Base in Okaloosa County, Florida. The L2F unit was the last unit burned as part of the 2012 Prescribed Fire Combustion and Atmospheric Dynamics Research Experiment (RxCADRE) funded by the Joint Fire Science Program. Data include UTM coordinates, normalized height, and raw intensity data that correspond to the 3 Highly Instrumented Plots (HIPS) from the 2012 RxCADRE burn.The 2012 RxCADRE, and subsequent 2019 and 2020 Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) projects, were developed to respond to the need for integrated, quality-assured fuels, atmospheric, fire behavior, energy, smoke and effects measurement datasets for calibrating and validating fire and smoke models and tackle fundamental fire science questions. A goal of these projects is to provide quality-assured data in a public database to promote data sharing and usage between scientists, managers and anyone who wants them. These TLS data could be used for several fuel or fire applications, such as estimating canopy- or crown-level fuels as exemplified in Rocha et al. (2023), or for running fire behavior simulations, particularly with computational fluid dynamic modeling of fire behavior that uses the spatial distribution of trees to account for the drag on airflow.A short summary of the RxCADRE project can be found in the full data product download (\\Supplements\\RxCADRE_Project_Overview.pdf). Information about the RxCADRE project can also be found here: https:\/\/www.fs.usda.gov\/pnw\/fera\/research\/rxcadre\/.\n\t  \nFor more information about these data, see Rocha et al. (2023).","keyword":["biota","environment","imageryBaseMapsEarthCover","Fire","Fire detection","Fire ecology","Fire effects on environment","Fire suppression, pre-suppression","Prescribed fire","Smoke","lidar","terrestrial lidar","canopy height model","digital surface model","digital terrain model","intensity","remote sensing","RxCADRE","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","Florida","Eglin Air Force Base"],"spatial":"-86.44,30.31,-86.43,30.32","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0011","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0011","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-03-15"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Western Micronesia wildfires (2016-2021)","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0012","description":"This data publication contains vector polygon spatial data showing burn areas from wildfires in 2016-2021 on Guam, Yap State (Federated States of Micronesia-FSM), and the Commonwealth of Northern Marianas Islands-CNMI (Saipan, Tinian and Rota Islands). Burn areas from wildfire in 2015 are also provided for Guam.The purpose of this study was to summarize annual area and forest resources burned in Western Micronesia.For more information about these data and this study, see Frazier et al. (2023).\n\t  \nThese data are a first edition that were published on 03\/17\/2023. On 01\/30\/2024, a newer edition of these data became available (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0012-2). We recommend the use of the newer edition which includes additional years of data. Minor metadata updates were made on 01\/22\/2025.","keyword":["environment","society","Climate change","Fire","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","wildfire","forest","savanna","remote sensing","Micronesia","CNMI","Guam","Rota","Saipan","Tinian","Yap"],"spatial":"138.0,9.4,145.9,15.3","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0012","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0012","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-01-22"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Long-term changes in forest biomass, tree species composition and nitrogen fixation following land use disturbance","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0013","description":"These data are from long-term vegetation plots at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory in western North Carolina. Data collection began in 1934-1935 and was repeated roughly a few times each decade between 1970 and 2013. Three different types of disturbances were applied in this study: selective cutting, clear cutting, and agricultural abandonment. The selective cutting experiment included 274 plots located in reference watersheds that received no subsequent disturbance after a selective cutting event in the early 1900s. There were 24 clear-cut disturbance plots which were located in watershed 7, which was clear-cut in 1976-1977. The 34 agriculture abandonment plots were located in watershed 6, which was logged and tilled in 1958 and planted with grass and maintained with fertilizer and herbicide, until abandoned in 1968. This data publication includes the following plot-level data: cumulative nitrogen fixation estimated from Robinia pseudoacacia (ROBPSE) tree density data and a model parameterized with local nitrogen fixation data as well as the maximum total above ground biomass (agb) of ROBPSE at any survey date. In addition, the following data are provided for each survey date (year) and plot: total agb and the mycorrhizal association for 27 common tree species, fraction of agb comprised by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) trees (excluding ROBPSE), and total agb (excluding ROBPSE, CASDEN and TSUCAN).Data were collected to understand changes in forest composition over time and following disturbance. In our study, we examined how historical land use and symbiotic nitrogen fixation relate to patterns in forest composition.For more information about this study and these data, see Wurzburger et al. [In press].","keyword":["biota","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Plant ecology","Soil","Natural Resource Management & Use","Ecosystem services","Forest management","land use change","oak forest","biogeochemistry","symbiotic nitrogen fixation","timber harvest","Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory","North Carolina","Coweeta Basin","Nantahala National Forest","Blue Ridge Mountains","southern Appalachian Mountains","Appalachia"],"spatial":"-83.4622,35.0258,-83.3994,35.0694","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0013","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0013","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-05-11"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Seedling and growing environment measurements from a tree planting unit in the 2016 Cold Springs Fire, Colorado, USA","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0014","description":"This data publication contains field measurements taken in a tree planting unit in the 2016 Cold Springs Fire near Nederland, Colorado, USA. The site was an upper montane mixed conifer forest prior to burning with predominately high severity. Seedlings of three coniferous tree species (ponderosa pine, limber pine, and Douglas-fir) were planted in spring 2018, and 300 of them (100 per species) were permanently marked. The 300 seedlings were assessed for survival at the end of one and three growing seasons after planting. Additionally, during and\/or at the end of the fourth growing season after planting, a variety of the seedlings' characteristics were recorded, including survival, height, and height growth, as were a variety of characteristics of the seedlings' growing environment, including aspect, shade object presence, and microtopographic depression presence.These data were collected to examine how some facets of the growing environment affect the survival and growth of tree seedlings planted after wildfire.For more information about this study and these data, see Marshall et al. (2023).\n\t  \nThese data were published on 04\/21\/2023. On 04\/28\/23 the metadata was updated to include reference to newly published article.","keyword":["biota","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Plant ecology","Fire","Fire ecology","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","Douglas-fir","limber pine","mixed conifer forest","ponderosa pine","high-severity wildfire","reforestation","tree planting","Colorado"],"spatial":"-105.47493,39.97611,-105.46043,39.98120","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0014","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0014","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-04-28"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Spatial realizations of county-level land use projections for the conterminous United States, 2020-2070, used in the 2020 RPA Assessment","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0015","description":"These data, denoted collectively as the spatial realizations, are comprised of 2001 rasters of 90-meter resolution, with each raster representing the conterminous United States (CONUS) land base. One raster represents the base land use in 2020; the other rasters represent projections according to year (decadal time step 2030 through 2070), scenario-climate future (four socioeceonomic pathways, intersected with five climate projections), and case (twenty cases of a parameter driving the degree of contagious allocation of projected land use changes). Projected rasters were generated by allocating county-level gross land use change projections across the base map. Collectively, the spatial realizations represent a wall-to-wall scenario-based projection of land use and its spatial pattern across the conterminous United States.The spatial realizations were generated to support the Resources Planning Act (RPA) 2020 Assessment (https:\/\/www.fs.usda.gov\/research\/inventory\/rpaa), providing resource area research teams with the means to analyze landscape pattern and land use (e.g., forest) fragmentation projections. The spatial realizations also facilitate analyses by units other than geopolitical (e.g., hydrologic or ecoregion units).These data were published on 04\/17\/2023. Metadata updated on 10\/17\/2023 to include reference to published RPA Assessment and related published data.\n\t  \nMethods for the downscaling algorithm are detailed in Brooks et al. (2020).","keyword":["imageryBaseMapsEarthCover","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Landscape ecology","demand-allocation","spatial realizations","landscape pattern","contagious allocation","RPA Assessment","Resources Planning Act Assessment","conterminous United States","CONUS","lower 48 states"],"spatial":"-124.73,25.54,-66.95,49.38","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0015","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0015","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-10-17"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Data collected on Douglas-fir and lodgepole pine traumatic resin ducts formed in response to fungal inoculation","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0016","description":"This data publication includes data measured as part of a study of xylem traumatic resin duct (TRD) formation in Douglas-fir and lodgepole pine trees inoculated with both aggressive and weak fungi associated with the principal bark beetles that affect these trees, in the Roosevelt National Forest in Larimer County in Colorado. Thirty Douglas-fir and 30 lodgepole pine trees were selected for treatment and an additional five trees of each species were also selected for the control treatment. Selected trees had an approximate diameter at breast height (dbh) of approximately 20 centimeters (\u00b12.3 cm) and showed no evidence of beetle activity. All trees were on a north-north-east aspect of a similar slope. The study took place between July and September 2019 and included measurements of TRD densities, TRD position as a percent within the study year's tree ring as well as soil moisture and experimental trees water potential measurements.The main research objective for these data was compare TRD formation in Douglas fir and lodgepole pine in response to fungi associated with the respective principal bark beetles affecting these trees. Additional data such as soil moisture and water potential were used principally to determine tree decline and to determine whether water deficit would have become a confounding variable.For more information about this study and these data, see Mercado et al. (2023).","keyword":["biota","Forest & Plant Health","Insects","Mycology","Plant diseases","bark-beetle-associated fungi","induced defense","inoculation response","resistance mechanism","traumatic resin duct","Douglas-fir","Pseudotsuga menziesii","lodgepole pine","Pinus contorta","Colorado"],"spatial":"-105.61583,40.76083,-105.61444,40.76194","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0016","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0016","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-04-13"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"County-level land cover patterns for the conterminous United States for the 2020 RPA Assessment","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0017","description":"This data publication includes the status and trends of the areas of land cover classes, forest fragmentation classes, and landscape mosaic classes from 2001 to 2016 at the county level, for the conterminous United States (CONUS). Land cover is reported in ten classes representing an aggregation of the original 17 classes defined by the original land cover map producers. Forest fragmentation is reported in six classes representing the fragmentation of the forest land cover class, as calculated for each of six scales of analysis via a moving window (spatial convolution) algorithm. Landscape mosaics are reported in 19 classes plus one water class, representing the juxtaposition of agriculture and\/or developed land cover with all other land cover, as calculated at one scale of analysis via a moving window algorithm. Land cover is presented in four data files comprising transition tables (to and from different land cover classes), at the county level, for the time periods 2001-2006, 2006-2011, 2011-2016, and 2001-2016. Forest fragmentation is reported in one data file containing county-level fragmentation class area totals in 2001, 2006, 2011, and 2016. One landscape mosaic data file contains transition tables at the county level for all land area for the time period 2001-2016, to and from mosaic classes and\/or water. A second landscape mosaic data file contains similar transition tables, at the county level, for the forest area only for the time period 2001-2016; in this file an additional non-mosaic, non-water class called nonforest is included such that forest area changes (losses and gains) can be evaluated in relation to their original and final mosaic classes.These data support the landscape pattern analyses reported in Chapter 4 (Land Resources) of the 2020 Resources Planning Act (RPA) Assessment (https:\/\/www.fs.usda.gov\/research\/inventory\/rpaa).These data were published on 03\/08\/2023. Metadata updated on 10\/17\/2023 to include reference to published RPA Assessment.\n\t  \nExamples of metrics, analysis scales, and data summaries are available for a similar but more comprehensive analysis conducted for the 2010 RPA Assessment (Riitters 2011). A rationale for the choices of pattern metrics and analysis procedures is available (Riitters 2019). The use of these data in the 2020 RPA Assessment is illustrated in a more comprehensive format in Riitters and Robertson (2021), Riitters et al. (2020), and Homer et al. (2020). An additional example application which includes a treatment of transition matrices as finite-state, discrete-time Markov chains can be found in Riitters et al. (2009).","keyword":["environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Landscape ecology","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Assessments","fragmentation","landscape mosaics","land cover","RPA Assessment","Resources Planning Act Assessment","conterminous United States","CONUS"],"spatial":"-124.93,25.54,-66.95,49.38","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0017","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0017","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-10-17"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Ecological regions of Hawai'i","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0018","description":"The Hawaiian archipelago encompasses a great deal of variation in several ecological factors, including climate, elevation, and natural communities, and possesses a unique flora with some of the highest levels of endemism in the world. Monitoring assessments that aggregate and summarize data within the archipelago may need to account for ecological variation within the islands that could affect the spatial occurrence of the phenomenon of interest. This delineation of ecological regions within the State of Hawaii is based on the two environmental factors most important for grouping major natural native vegetation zones in the Hawaiian archipelago, moisture regime (based on data collected from 1916 to 1983) and elevation (based on 1983 digital elevation model data). These ecological regions are presented within this data publication in the form of a shapefile and geopackage.These ecological regions were developed to summarize fine-scale forest health data in Hawai'i for the USDA Forest Service's annual Forest Health Monitoring: National status, trends, and analysis reports (https:\/\/www.fs.usda.gov\/foresthealth\/publications\/fhm\/fhm-annual-national-reports.shtml).For more information about these data, see Potter (2020), Potter (2023a,b), and (Potter and Paschke 2023).","keyword":["biota","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","elevation","environment","Climate change","Climatology","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Geography","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","Landscape ecology","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","tropical islands","forest health","ecoregion","ecological region","elevation","moisture regime","biodiversity","Hawai'i","Hawaii"],"spatial":"-160.25243,18.89482,-154.78200,22.24317","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0018","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0018","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-08-03"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Beaver colonization events on managed streams in the Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest, Wisconsin","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0019","description":"We describe the site characteristics of 1,773 stream locations selected for colonization by American beavers (Castor canadensis) on the Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest in Wisconsin, USA. The colonization events occurred between 1987 and 2014, inclusive. The streams on which the colonization events occurred were the subject of active beaver management that annually removed all beaver colonies. Of the colonized sites, 38 (2.14%) were on intermittent streams. These data also include site characteristics for 2,352 randomly selected points on the landscape that were never colonized by beavers during the 28-year observation period. Of the non-colonized sites, 236 (10.03%) were on intermittent streams. The measured site characteristics fall into three groups: geomorphology, vegetation, and colonization source. Geomorphology variables are stream width, stream temperature, stream alkalinity, stream water source, stream gradient, watershed size, valley relief, and soil drainage. Vegetation variables are land cover proportions of deciduous trees (aspen and hardwoods), coniferous trees, and lowland (i.e., near the stream) shrubs. Colonization source variables are number of beaver colonies on unmanaged streams within 4.9 kilometers (km) of a colonization event, and number of beaver colonies on unmanaged streams within 11.3 km of a colonization event. Tabular data are provided as a comma-separated values file. Vector digital data (as well as the tabular data) are provided as a geodatabase and geopackage. National Elevation Database information for both the Chequamegon and Nicolet sides of the Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest are also provided as georeferenced TIF files.The beaver colony location data were originally collected as part of the ongoing Chequamegon-Nicolet beaver management program that promotes cold-water fisheries. Knowing where the new colonies were established each year is a prerequisite to removing those colonies. The data were re-purposed to study colonization site preferences to explore whether habitat management could accomplish some of the management objectives at a lower cost.For more information about this study and these data, see Rugg et al. (2023).","keyword":["biota","elevation","geoscientificInformation","inlandWaters","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Animal ecology","Ecology","Landscape ecology","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Fish","Habitat management","Mammals","Castor canadensis","beaver","colonization","site selection","occurrence","presence-absence","Wisconsin","northern Wisconsin","Upper Midwest","Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest"],"spatial":"-91.42748,45.11380,-88.30585,46.76084","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0019","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0019","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-09-20"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Greenhouse gas emissions and removals from forest land, woodlands, and urban trees in the United States, 1990-2021: Estimates and quantitative uncertainty for individual states, regional ownership groups, and National Forest System regions","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0020","description":"As a signatory to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the United States has been reporting an economy-wide inventory of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and removals since the mid-1990s. Estimates of GHG emissions and removals from forest land, woodlands in the grassland category, and urban trees in settlements are compiled by U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service researchers and are based primarily on National Forest Inventory (NFI) data collected and maintained by the Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program within the USDA Forest Service. The estimates of GHG emissions and removals provided in this publication are based on the compilation reported in the Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry chapter of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) submission to the UNFCCC. Included in this package are 18 tables of estimates and 2 tables of quantitative uncertainties.These estimates are being provided in this format to make them more accessible for use in sub-national reporting or further analysis.For more information about these data, see Domke et al. (2023). For information regarding the EPA submission to the UNFCCC, see U.S. EPA (2023).\n\n\t  \nThese data were published on 04\/14\/2023. On 07\/24\/2023 minor changes were made to the metadata to update out of date URLs.","keyword":["biota","environment","Climate change","Carbon","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Fire","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Resource inventory","Natural Resource Management & Use","Ecosystem services","greenhouse gas ","emissions and removals","carbon stocks","carbon net flux","forest carbon","woodland carbon","land use","land use change","drained organic soils","settlement trees","conterminous United States","Hawaii","Alaska"],"spatial":"172,18,-66,72","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0020","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0020","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-07-24"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Nitrous oxide emission and isotopic composition data from four dryland sites in Southern California","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0021","description":"This data publication includes in-situ nitrous oxide and nitric oxide emissions measured in four dryland sites in Southern California between June 2019 and August 2020. Emissions were measured from eight locations within each site every 15 minutes after experimentally adding water and \u00b9\u2075N labeled nitrate or ammonium to the soils. We report nitrous oxide and nitric oxide emissions from two of the sites in 2019, and nitrous oxide from all four sites in 2020. Dry soils from three of the sites were used to measure the abundance of nitrate reducing genes and transcripts using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). We also collected soils from the most arid site to conduct two lab experiments in 2022. In July 2022, we incubated a subset of the dry soils with chloroform to inhibit microbial activity. Then we added \u00b9\u2075N labeled nitrate tracer to chloroform fumigated and control soils and measured the isotopic composition of nitrous oxide emitted from these soils every 20 minutes in response to experimental rewetting. In December 2022, we conducted a second lab experiment to measure the natural abundance isotopic composition of nitrous oxide produced in the lab. Data are provided as individual tabular files containing: field nitrous oxide fluxes, field nitric oxide fluxes, field nitric oxide isotopes, qPCR gene and transcript abundance, chloroform inhibition nitrous oxide data, and natural abundance isotope data.The purpose of this study was to identify the processes that produce nitrous oxide (a potent greenhouse gas) and nitric oxide (an air pollutant) emissions from dryland ecosystems in Southern California.For more information about this study and these data, see Krichels et al. (2023).\n\t  \nThese data were originally published on 09\/07\/2023. On 12\/07\/2023, metadata was updated to include reference to the newly published\tKrichels et al. (2023).","keyword":["environment","Climate change","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Soil","nitrous oxide","denitrification","chemodenitrification","drylands","California"],"spatial":"-116.75770,33.89610,-115.72330,33.94400","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0021","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0021","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-12-07"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Puerto Rico, Vieques and Culebra land cover and forest formations circa 2000","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0022","description":"This data publication contains one spatial land cover raster dataset, provided in multiple formats, representing land cover and forest formations circa 2000 for Puerto Rico, Vieques and Culebra. This raster dataset differentiates cloud forest into two classes and was created from previously published Landsat satellite image mosaics dated 1991 and 2000 for Puerto Rico, Vieques and Culebra. Also included is a land cover map showing the distributions of land cover and forest formations for Puerto Rico, Vieques and Culebra that do not differentiate cloud forest into two classes. Two images are also provided that show the land cover and forest formations that 1) do differentiate cloud forest into two classes and 2) do not differentiate cloud forest into two classes.Estimate and analyze trends in forest types, forest age since last disturbance (i.e., forest regrowth age), land use and land cover, and quantify the forest ages cleared for land development, across Puerto Rico. These data are the original basis for the 2001 National Land Cover Database (NLCD) data from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS).For more information about these data see Kennaway and Helmer (2007). See Helmer et al. (2002), the source from which these data were generated, for additional details.","keyword":["land cover","land use","forest formation","forest type","forest conservation","karst","forest age","mangroves","cloud forest","serpentine","biota","environment","imageryBaseMapsEarthCover","planningCadastre","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Landscape ecology","Forest Products","Bioenergy and biomass","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Resource inventory","Natural Resource Management & Use","Landscape management","Timber","Wilderness","Puerto Rico","Vieques","Culebra","Icacos","Caribbean","Greater Antilles"],"spatial":"-67.33004,17.86297,-64.98931,18.56121","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0022","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0022","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-04-03"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"St. Kitts, Nevis, St. Eustatius, Grenada, and Barbados land cover and forest formations (1999-2003)","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0047","description":"This data publication contains six raster datasets detailing the land cover and forest structure of several Caribbean islands. These include the islands of St. Kitts, Nevis, St. Eustatius, Grenada and Barbados. Each dataset represents land-cover and woody vegetation formations and is provided as an ERDAS IMAGINE georeferenced raster file and as a GeoTIFF raster file. Spatial land cover datasets for Barbados were created using Landsat ETM+ imagery from 2001 and 2002. Grenada datasets were created using Landsat ETM+ imagery from 2000 and 2001 and Landsat 5 TM imagery from 1986. Lastly, spatial land cover datasets for St. Kitts, Nevis, and St. Eustatius were created using Landsat ETM+ imagery dated between 1999 and 2003.Satellite image-based mapping of tropical forests is often vital to conservation planning. Standard methods for automated image classification, however, limit classification detail in complex tropical landscapes. The purpose of these maps is to provide an inventory of the existing vegetation land cover of these islands to help monitoring possible changes.For more information about these data see Helmer et al. (2008).","keyword":["land cover","land use","forest formation","forest type","forest conservation","biota","environment","imageryBaseMapsEarthCover","planningCadastre","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Landscape ecology","Forest Products","Bioenergy and biomass","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Resource inventory","Natural Resource Management & Use","Landscape management","Timber","Wilderness","St. Kitts","Nevis","St. Eustatius","Grenada","Ronde Island","Barbados","Caribbean","Lesser Antilles","Netherland Antilles"],"spatial":"-63.04387,11.96740,-59.40052,17.57155","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0047","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0047","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-04-03"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Philadelphia land cover change data, 1970-2010","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0033-2","description":"These data represent land cover change in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania over 40 years, with land cover visually interpreted from aerial imagery in 1970, 1980, 1990, and 2000. Land cover classes were tree\/shrub, herbaceous, other pervious, building, and other impervious at 10,000 random points. R code for visualization of transitions and multinomial logistic regression is also included.Many cities in the United States and around the world have been assessing trends in urban tree canopy cover, and many municipal leaders have set goals for tree cover levels. However, there is a need for greater understanding of the socioecological dynamics of tree cover change over many decades, including varied trends within a city. These land cover change data were collected to assess the rates and drivers of tree cover change, using Philadelphia to investigate the processes of tree cover change in a post-industrial city.For more information about these data, see Roman et al. (2021; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/land10040403). For more information about the analysis of these data, see Locke et al. (2023).\n\t  \nThe first edition of these data (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0033) was made available on 04\/09\/2021. This second edition (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0033-2) was made available on 04\/07\/2023 and includes the data from the first edition in addition to the R code for visualization of transitions and multinomial logistic regression.","keyword":["biota","environment","location","society","structure","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Landscape ecology","Environment and People","History","Recreation","Urban natural resources management","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","land cover","urban tree canopy cover","urban forest","urban park","post-industrial city","Philadelphia","Pennsylvania"],"spatial":"-75.27867,39.86845,-75.95836,40.13687","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0033-2","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0033-2","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-04-07"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04"],"programCode":["010:164"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Fire simulation results using fuels characteristics of four sites in the southern Great Plains: Pyric herbivory study","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0023","description":"This data publication includes fuels characteristics used to create dynamic fuel models and the resulting fire simulation outputs from the BehavePlus program from four sites across the southern Great Plains (Oklahoma and Texas). This large-scale experiment was established to compare prescribed fire treatments without grazing to those where grazing is allowed to interact through pyric herbivory at the Tallgrass Prairie Preserve, Packsaddle Wildlife Management Area, Aransas National Wildlife Refuge, and Attwater\u2019s Prairie-Chicken National Wildlife Refuge. The study involved sampling fire-only treatment patches of various time since fire, and fire\/grazing patches with various time since fire as available. Field data were obtained between June of 2014 and August of 2016. Fuel characteristics include average heights of wood and herbacdous vegetation, percent cover of live fuels (grasses, forbs, shrubs), and percent cover of both 1-hour and 10-hour fuels. Fire simulation output include flame length and rate of spread for simulations run under various wind speed (16 and 40 kilometers per hour) and fuel moisture (5 \u2013 35%) conditions.Data were collected to evaluate the impacts of two fuels management treatments (fire-only vs. pyric herbivory) on prairie-chicken habitat; evaluate the effects of time since fire and pyric herbivory on rangeland fuel loads and rate of fuel accumulation; and evaluate the impacts of fire-only and pyric herbivory on fire suppression capabilities.For more information about this study and these data, see Elmore et al. (2017), Starns (2017), and Starns (2019).","keyword":["biota","Fire","Fire suppression, pre-suppression","Fire ecology","Prescribed fire","Natural Resource Management & Use","Conservation","Range management & grazing","wildfire","fuels management","fuels reduction treatment","BehavePlus","fire simulations","grasslands","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","Oklahoma","Texas","Great Plains","Tallgrass Prairie Preserve","Packsaddle Wildlife Management Area","Aransas National Wildlife Refuge","Attwater\u2019s Prairie-Chicken National Wildlife Refuge"],"spatial":"-99.66000,28.24000,-96.29000,36.84000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0023","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0023","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-04-27"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04"],"programCode":["010:164"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Invertebrate richness and biomass of four sites in the southern Great Plains: Pyric herbivory study","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0024","description":"This data publication includes the number of orders and biomass of sampled aboveground invertebrates from four sites within the southern Great Plains (Oklahoma and Texas). This large-scale experiment was established to compare prescribed fire treatments without grazing to those where grazing is allowed to interact through pyric herbivory at the Tallgrass Prairie Preserve, Packsaddle Wildlife Management Area, Aransas National Wildlife Refuge, and Attwater\u2019s Prairie-Chicken National Wildlife Refuge. The study involved sampling fire-only treatment patches of various time since fire, and fire\/grazing patches with various time since fire as available. Field data, obtained between June of 2014 and August of 2016, involved sampling invertebrates within patches using the sweep net method. Samples were pooled from transects within patches, and recorded biomass and number of orders per patch are provided.The primary objective of this research was to evaluate the potential for pyric herbivory to simultaneously benefit both fuels management and prairie-chicken conservation goals. These data were collected as part of this objective in order to evaluate species richeness.For more information about this study and these data, see Elmore et al. (2017), Starns (2017), and Starns (2019).","keyword":["biota","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Fire","Fire suppression, pre-suppression","Fire ecology","Prescribed fire","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Natural Resource Management & Use","Conservation","Range management & grazing","fuels management","fuels reduction treatment","invertebrate response","grasslands","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","Oklahoma","Texas","Great Plains","Tallgrass Prairie Preserve","Packsaddle Wildlife Management Area","Aransas National Wildlife Refuge","Attwater\u2019s Prairie-Chicken National Wildlife Refuge"],"spatial":"-99.66000,28.24000,-96.29000,36.84000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0024","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0024","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-04-27"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04"],"programCode":["010:164"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Vegetation and fuels characteristics of four sites in the southern Great Plains: Pyric herbivory study","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0025","description":"This data publication includes vegetation community composition, structure, and fuels characteristics collected from four sites across the southern Great Plains (Oklahoma and Texas). This large-scale experiment was established to compare prescribed fire treatments without grazing to those where grazing is allowed to interact through pyric herbivory at the Tallgrass Prairie Preserve, Packsaddle Wildlife Management Area, Aransas National Wildlife Refuge, and Attwater\u2019s Prairie-Chicken National Wildlife Refuge. The study involved sampling fire-only treatment patches of various time since fire, and fire\/grazing patches with various time since fire as available. Field data were obtained between June of 2014 and August of 2016. Data include mean and maximum height of herbaceous and woody vegetation; highest points at which live and dead\/dormant vegetation touched a wooden pole within sample plots; and Daubenmire percent cover of grass, forbs, shrubs, leaf litter, bare ground, 1-hour and 10-hour fuels.The primary objective of this research was to evaluate the potential for pyric herbivory to simultaneously benefit both fuels management and prairie-chicken conservation goals. These data were collected for comparison to known prairie-chicken habitat requirements.For more information about this study and these data, see Elmore et al. (2017), Starns (2017), and Starns (2019).","keyword":["biota","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Fire","Fire suppression, pre-suppression","Fire ecology","Prescribed fire","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Natural Resource Management & Use","Conservation","Range management & grazing","wildfire","fuels management","fuels reduction treatment","vegetation community","prairie-chickens","grasslands","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","Oklahoma","Texas","Great Plains","Tallgrass Prairie Preserve","Packsaddle Wildlife Management Area","Aransas National Wildlife Refuge","Attwater\u2019s Prairie-Chicken National Wildlife Refuge"],"spatial":"-99.66000,28.24000,-96.29000,36.84000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0025","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0025","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-04-27"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"County-level land-use projections for the conterminous United States, 2020-2070, used in the 2020 RPA Assessment","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0026","description":"Gross land-use change is projected from 2020-2070 at the county level for the conterminous United States (CONUS) based on an empirical econometric model of observed land-use transitions over the 2001-2012 time period. Land-use transition probability is modeled as a function of starting use, land quality, climate, population, and income. Modeled use categories include urban developed, forest, crop, pasture, and range land. Future projections of land-use are made under alternative scenarios of climate and socio-economic conditions as defined in the 2020 USDA Forest Service, Resources Planning Act (RPA) Assessment. Data are provided for each decade as well as 2012-2020 (calibration period). Net change in land-use in each category can be calculated directly from the gross change tables found in this data publication.County-level land use change projections were developed in support of the USDA Forest Service, Resources Planning Act (RPA) 2020 Assessment.For more information about these data, see Mihiar and Lewis (2023).\n\t  \nThese data were published 06\/21\/2023. Minor metadata updates were made on 07\/06\/2023 and 09\/12\/2023.","keyword":["biota","Climate change","Human response","Environment and People","Impact of people on environment","Natural Resource Management & Use","Economics","Landscape management","environmental and resource economics","climate econometrics","land-use change","RPA Assessment","Resources Planning Act Assessment","conterminous United States","contiguous United States","CONUS"],"spatial":"-124.73,25.54,-66.95,49.38","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0026","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0026","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-09-12"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Sierra Nevada contemporary reference site boundaries and corresponding remote sensing-derived canopy structure rasters","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0027","description":"This data publication includes spatial data for 119 contemporary reference sites within the yellow pine and mixed-conifer zone of the western Sierra Nevada ecoregion as of 2018-2020. This ecoregion encompasses eastern and central California. Fire occurrence, fire severity, and management history datasets were used to identify and delineate the contemporary reference site polygons. We provide a set of spatially explicit forest structure metrics derived from high fidelity airborne lidar data for reference sites where concurrent lidar data were available. We also provide a set of forest structure metrics developed by the California Forest Observatory (CFO) to ensure reference data were available for all sites regardless of lidar availability. Vector spatial datasets are provided individually as shapefiles and combined as an OGC geopackage. Raster layers are provided individually as GeoTIFFs. All data are available in an ArcGIS Pro Package file which also includes a file geodatabase of the spatial data and author-defined layers. Also included is a document containing site descriptions (i.e., size, ownership, climatic setting, etc.) and a set of figures showing the distribution of climatic, topographic, and forest structure metrics for all reference sites grouped by dominant climate class as well as for each individual site.Contemporary reference sites in California\u2019s Sierra Nevada represent areas where a low-intensity and frequent fire regime - an integral ecological process in temperate dry forests - has been mostly restored after more than a century of fire suppression. Forest structural patterns in these sites are likely more resilient to future disturbances and climate change since key ecological processes are intact. Forest structure metrics provide descriptions of horizontal and vertical structural patterns that are relevant to managers and ecologists working in the Sierra Nevada ecoregion. Forest structure metrics within reference sites can be used to guide management treatments or support ecological analyses.These data were published on 05\/04\/2023. On 05\/15\/2023 we updated the data downloads to include the SNRC_summaries.pdf file. Minor metadata updates, to include reference to newly published articles, were made on 01\/17\/2024.\n\t  \n* These data are also available as a web map:  https:\/\/uw.maps.arcgis.com\/home\/item.html?id=c692d81e11254edc97a0d9d4a81f148e","keyword":["biota","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Ecology","Landscape ecology","Fire","Fire ecology","Fire effects on environment","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Biometrics","Resource inventory","map tiles","ecoregions","zones","climate classes","lidar","canopy structure","California","Sierra Nevada ecoregion"],"spatial":"-124.41628,32.53503,-114.12982,42.55672","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0027","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0027","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-01-17"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Spruce beetle trap catches and tree mortality in Colorado","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0028","description":"This data publication includes data collected in support of a study to examine if the number of spruce beetles (Dendroctonus rufipennis) caught in Lindgren funnel traps with an attractant can be used to predict subsequent Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii) tree mortality caused by the insect. Data were collected from unmanaged spruce-fir plots at the Hahns Peak\/Bears Ears Ranger District of the Medicine Bow-Routt National Forest in north-central Colorado during the summers of 2001 and 2002. Pheromone traps were deployed in each of 18 spruce-fir plots. Insects were collected from the traps throughout the season. After insect flight was complete each year, a series of subplots within the plots were surveyed for the presence of successfully attacked and killed trees.Bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) can cause extensive tree mortality in western conifer forests. Among these, the spruce beetle (Dendroctonus rufipennis) is the most important beetle in North America causing Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii) tree mortality. Although pheromone traps with attractants are commonly used to monitor spruce beetle populations, the relationship between the numbers of beetles caught in pheromone traps and subsequent tree mortality has been scantly investigated. If such a relationship exists and can be modeled, pheromone trap catches could be used to predict tree mortality.For more information about this study and these data, see Negr\u00f3n and Popp (2017).","keyword":["biota","Forest & Plant Health","Insects","Dendroctonus rufipennis","Picea engelmannii","bark beetles","Colorado","Hahns Peak\/Bears Ears Ranger District","Medicine Bow-Routt National Forest"],"spatial":"-107.043342,40.674519,-106.716753,40.883998","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0028","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0028","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-05-09"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:32"],"programCode":["005:051"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Data for the analysis of antipredator responses of blackbird flocks toward different drone platforms used as hazing tools in sunflower fields","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/NWRC-RDS-2023-001","description":"We evaluated the behavioral responses of mixed blackbird flocks, dominated by red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus), to the initial approach and 2-minutes of hazing by three drone platforms: a predator model, a fixed-wing model resembling an airplane, and a multirotor. We conducted this experiment in commercial sunflower fields in North Dakota, USA from September to October 2017. We approached each blackbird flock with one platform, including one direct flight approach and a second approach followed by a 120 second hazing period. This data publication includes the results of all 60 trials. Data include measurements such as wind and temperature at time of trial, ambient light intensity, size of sunflower field, size of blackbird flock, distance between the drone and blackbird flock when 50% of flock took flight, whether or not the entire flock left the field due to drone hazing, etc. We also included the R code used to analyze these data.The study was designed to establish the ability of different drone platforms to elicit flight behavior and field abandonment of blackbird flocks to inform the importance of drone shape for hazing to protect agricultural resources.For more information about this study and these data, see Egan et al. (2023).\n\nThese data were published on 06\/23\/2023. On 03\/01\/2024, the metadata was updated to include more details for the recently published article.","keyword":["biota","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Birds","agroecosytem","crop damage","frightening devices","hazing","human-wildlife conflict","UAS","UAV","visual deterrent","North Dakota"],"spatial":"-100.56000,46.05000,-98.62000,46.94000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/NWRC-RDS-2023-001","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/NWRC-RDS-2023-001","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-03-01"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Resetting the baseline: Machine learning predicted meadows for 60 watersheds in the Sierra Nevada","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0029","description":"This data publication contains the geospatial data layers generated from machine learning models. Random forest models were developed to identify potential historical meadow habitats in 60 watersheds of the Sierra Nevada, California in 2023. The models were trained using over 11,000 mapped extant meadow polygons from the Sierra Nevada MultiSource Meadow Polygons data. Geospatial predictor variables representing topographic position, relative elevation, flow accumulation, snowpack, and distance to stream channels were used to train the models to predict locations with similar hydrogeomorphic characteristics to modern meadows. This data publication includes prediction rasters representing continuous meadow probability values from 0-1 for each watershed generated by both local watershed-scale models and a Sierra Nevada-wide model. Polygon layers representing aggregated high probability meadow areas for each watershed from the local models and Sierra Nevada model are also provided. These polygons were generated by selecting contiguous pixels with values greater than 0.5 in the prediction rasters and converting to vector polygons. The provided data layers can be used to identify potential areas for meadow restoration that could increase groundwater storage, floodplain connectivity, biodiversity, and resilience to wildfire and climate change across the Sierra Nevada mountain range. The mapped historical meadow habitats greatly expand the known extent of meadows in the region.We aimed to understand where and how frequently meadows historically occurred to reset the baseline condition and provide insight into their restoration potential. We trained machine learning algorithms to identify potential meadow areas with similar hydrogeomorphic conditions to extant meadows while ignoring their unique vegetative characteristics since we hypothesized that vegetation would change but geomorphology would remain.For more information about this project and these data, see Cummings et al. (2023) as well as Cummings and Pope (2023).","keyword":["environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","Landscape ecology","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Resource inventory","Natural Resource Management & Use","Restoration","forest encroachment","groundwater","headwater streams","random forest","Sierra Nevada","watershed planning","California","Sierra Nevada Mountains"],"spatial":"-121.1375,35.8535,-118.0741,36.68945","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0029","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0029","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-12-18"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Rock Mountain soil invertebrates, litter decomposition, and soil chemistry","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0030","description":"These data were collected after the Rock Mountain fire of 2016, which occurred in the Chattahoochee National Forest in Georgia and the Nantahala National Forest in North Carolina. Twenty plots (12 meter radius) were established across a gradient of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) tree basal area. Ten plots were in burned areas, while ten were in unburned areas. These plots were established in four spatial blocks and four topographic positions. In each plot, we measured: 1) leaf litter mass loss from arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) or ECM trees during 2018-2021 using litterbags; 2) abundances of mesoinvertebrates extracted from litterbags collected in the spring of 2018; 3) soil ammonium concentrations from three soil depths (organic horizon, 0-10 centimeters, and 10-20 centimeters) in spring, summer, and fall of 2018; 4) abundances of soil- and litter- dwelling macroinvertebrates, summed across spring, summer, and fall of 2018; and 5) abundances of adult or subadult earthworms that could be identified to family.These data were collected to understand how litter decomposition, soil chemistry, and soil invertebrate communities change across a gradient of ectomycorrhizal tree basal area, and to understand how wildfire affects these relationships.For more information about this study and these data, see Taylor et al. (in review).\n\t  \nThe metadata for this data package was published on 07\/12\/2023, but the data were under embargo. On 04\/29\/2024, the embargo was lifted and data are now available.","keyword":["biota","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Fire","Wildlife (or Fauna)","mycorrhiza","leaf litter decomposition","soil invertebrate","Georgia","North Carolina","Chattahoochee National Forest","Nantahala National Forest"],"spatial":"-83.57603,34.95602,-83.46693,35.00324","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0030","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0030","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-04-29"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Four decades of data on planted mangrove ecosystem carbon stocks","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0031","description":"This data publication consists of over 40 years of data (1975-2023) on planted mangrove ecosystem aboveground biomass (AGB), belowground biomass (BGB) and soil carbon (C) stock (down to 1 meter depth) data collated from 134 studies and reports encompassing a total of 809 planted stands (restored and afforested), as well as data from 370 intact stands reported in these studies for comparison. These data were distributed across 24 countries and 181 geographical sites (i.e., in a particular estuary, delta, open-coast area or lagoon). To assess how effective mangrove plantation efforts are at returning carbon stocks similar to those of intact stands in the same geographic location, we then calculated the C stock ratios (R) relative to intact mangrove stands in the vicinity for each planted mangrove stand. In addition to carbon stocks and carbon stock ratios, the following information is also included for each mangrove stand: geographic coordinates, diversity (mixed-species or name of the genus for monospecific stands), biogeographic hotspot sub-region (i.e., IWP = Indo West Pacific or AEP = Atlantic East Pacific), continental region, country, and type of coastal setting (open-coast, estuary, delta or lagoon). For soil carbon stocks, the depth of the soil profile sampled is also indicated.Because mangrove ecosystems have one of the highest net ecosystem productivity rates and carbon (C) storage potential on the globe, restoring or rehabilitating these ecosystems has been regarded a promising long-term nature-based solution to partly offset emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG). As the United Nation (UN) general assembly has declared 2021-2030 as the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration, mangrove restorable area is estimated at 8120 square kilometers (km\u00b2), of which 6665 km\u00b2 are considered to be highly restorable. Understanding how effective past mangrove restoration projects have been at returning antecedent C stocks across different locations and species composition is therefore critical in prioritizing future efforts and maximizing success in these restorable areas. These data were collected in order to characterize how C stock changes over time within planted mangrove ecosystems varying in species composition relative to intact mangrove stands in the vicinity and in which timelines.For more information about these data and this study, see Bourgeois et al. (2024).","keyword":["farming","environment","location","oceans","Climate change","Carbon","Natural Resource Management & Use","Agroforestry","Restoration","Forest management","mangroves","mangrove ecosystem","carbon stocks","plantation","afforested","restored","intact forests","diversity","global","worldwide","East Africa","West Africa","Indo-Malesia","Australasia","eastern United States","western United States"],"spatial":"-157.088868,-23.021774,179.201884,29.132000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0031","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0031","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-06-28"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Bartlett Experimental Forest permanent cruise plot data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0036-2","description":"This data publication contains overstory tree measurements collected between 1931 and 2017 at the Bartlett Experimental Forest in Bartlett, New Hampshire. These cruise plots measure all trees greater than 1.5 inches in diameter at breast height, across a 0.25 acre plot. Plots were installed and first inventoried in 1931-1932, with follow-up in 1939-1940. Since then, there were partial remeasurements in the 1950s and 1960s of compartments scheduled for harvesting treatment followed by complete remeasurements in 1991-1992, 2001-2003 and 2015-2017. Data are available in several data sets. 1) Overstory measurements from 1931-1992 including species codes, diameter class (1 inch classes), and count; 2) Overstory measurements from 2001-2003 including species codes, diameter class (1 inch classes), and count; 3) Overstory measurements from 2015-2017 including species codes, diameter class (1 inch classes), live\/dead, and count; 4) Seedling data from 2015-2017 including species codes, live\/dead, and count; 5) Sapling data from 2015-2017 including species codes diameter class (1 inch classes), live\/dead, and count; 6) Height data from 2015-2017 including species codes, diameter at breast height (to the nearest 0.1 inch), location, and height; 7) compartment spatial data; and 8) compartment history. Additionally, approximately 3% of the over 56,000 tree records from 2001-2003 include height, crown and diameter at breast height (to the nearest 0.1 inch) measurements.The primary objective of the cruise plots at the Bartlett Experimental Forest (BEF) is to establish a uniform study area to study the silviculture of northern hardwoods with a strong focus on impacts and interactions with birds and mammals. The BEF is divided into Compartments, which are delineated based on size distribution, stand condition, species composition, and topography. This publication includes all plots from the original footprint of the Bartlett Experimental Forest, as well as those within the expansion compartments added in 2005. Numerous studies have been conducted within the 48 original Compartments. For a complete list of Compartment-level silvicultural treatments, cruise plot numbers and Compartment assignments as well as a list of major studies see the Supplements folder in the full data publication download.We strongly encourage that users read the accompanying documentation provided with the full data publication download before proceeding with data summary or analysis. Contact Olivia Fraser (Olivia.fraser@usda.gov) if you have questions or if interested in collaboration.\n\t  \nThis data publication is a second edition, which spans 1931-2017. This newer edition includes all data from the first edition (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0036) which only included data from 1931-2003, but also adds 2015-2017 seedling, sapling, and tree height measurements. A few additional supplemental files have been included, along with an update to the field manual.","keyword":["silviculture","species composition","timber supply","forest management","forest stand dynamics","tree regeneration","tree and stand growth","tree height","tree crown","canopy","crown width","woody plants","northern hardwoods","songbird habitat","small mammals","biota","Forest & Plant Health","Botany","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Habitat management","Bartlett Experimental Forest","New Hampshire","United States"],"spatial":"-71.3274,44.0341,-71.2439,44.0767","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0036-2","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2017-0036-2","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-07-10"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"USDA Forest Service Air Resource Management Program: Surface water monitoring data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/NFS-DS-2023-001","description":"This publication includes data collected from aquatic ecosystems on National Forest System (NFS) lands sensitive to atmospheric pollutants that contribute to surface water acidification and eutrophication. Data were collected from 1981 to present. Data processed by the Rocky Mountain Research Station Lab from 2016 to present are available at this time, as well as 2023 data from the Coweeta Lab. Data processed by other labs as well as data prior to 2016 will become available as resources allow. The Forest Service regions where the collection occurs include: Eastern (9), Southern (8), Pacific Southwest (5), Intermountain (4), Rocky Mountain (2) and Northern (1). Data were generally collected by Forest Service personnel working on Forest-level projects, with collection years varying by Forest and project. Data include physical and chemical properties of water samples, with measurements and analyses performed both in situ and in analytical labs.The USDA Forest Service, Air Resource Management Program provides guidance to Forest Service units to collect and analyze surface water samples primarily to inventory aquatic systems sensitive to atmospheric deposition. Inventory, characterization, and monitoring of lake and stream water quality on national forest lands is performed to provide resource managers with information on possible water quality problems that may require intervention. These data are used to determine the susceptibility of lakes and streams to potential stressors and to document changes (improvement or deterioration) in key parameters of interest or in known problem areas.These data were published on 06\/08\/2023. On 08\/21\/2023, we included a file containing a detailed list of any minor changes made to previously published data. Data package updates on 04\/01\/2024 included the addition of 2023 data, a few data corrections, and updates to the metadata and supplemental files, all of which is detailed in the Process Steps section.","keyword":["environment","inlandWaters","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","Forest & Plant Health","Air, soil, water pollution (environmental injury)","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Natural Resource Management & Use","Water","lake","stream","water chemistry","ions","acidification","eutrophication","anion","cation","pH","conductivity","nitrate","sulfate","chlorophyll","acid neutralizing capacity","ANC","contiguous United States","National Forests"],"spatial":"-124.93000,25.54000,-66.95000,49.38000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/NFS-DS-2023-001","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/NFS-DS-2023-001","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-04-01"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Tree regeneration data from the \"Partial Cutting Study\" at the Dukes Experimental Forest, Upper Peninsula of Michigan","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0032","description":"This data publication contains data collected in the Partial Cutting Study (PCS) at Dukes Experimental Forest (DEF) in Michigan, which was previously known as the Upper Peninsula Experimental Forest. The PCS, originally opened in 1926 and closed in 1966, used variations of selection system (uneven-aged silviculture) and diameter-limit cutting methods. The PCS was reopened in 2007 and the location of 15 permanent sample plots (PSPs), representing nine different cutting methods, were relocated. This publication contains seedling presence data by species, regeneration tallies by species, and diameter class and species data for sapling-sized trees located on plots nested within all 15 PSPs. Data were collected in 2007, 2009, and 2019.The PCS was developed at DEF in 1926 to investigate selection and other cutting methods for their potential to create continuous timber supplies due to concerns at the time over loss of timber reserves due to widespread high-grading.Comprehensive information on the study\u2019s history, silvicultural treatments, and data collected between 1927 and 1966, can be found in Kern et al. (2021). Data collection methods differed between the two time periods (1927-1966 and 2007-present) of the PCS and therefore have been published separately.","keyword":["biota","Forest & Plant Health","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","diameter-limit","clearcut","high-grading","culling","group selection","silviculture","improvement cutting","selection cutting","selection system","partial cutting","permanent plots","repeated measurements","cutting methods","long-term study","northern hardwood forests","mixed hardwood forests","timber supply","forest stand dynamics","regeneration","sapling","seedling","woody plants","Dukes Experimental Forest","Upper Peninsula Experimental Forest","Michigan"],"spatial":"-87.15629,46.34038,-87.13812,46.34713","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0032","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0032","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-06-08"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Tree height data from the \"Partial Cutting Study\" at the Dukes Experimental Forest, Upper Peninsula of Michigan","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0033","description":"This data publication contains data collected in the Partial Cutting Study (PCS) at Dukes Experimental Forest (DEF) in Michigan, which was previously known as the Upper Peninsula Experimental Forest. The PCS, originally opened in 1926 and closed in 1966, used variations of selection system (uneven-aged silviculture) and diameter-limit cutting methods. The PCS was reopened in 2007 and the location of 15 permanent sample plots (PSPs), representing nine different cutting methods, were relocated. This publication contains 2007 tree heights and diameters for 126 sugar maple trees (Acer saccharum) of acceptable growing stock, collected on nine PSPs (one for each cutting method). At least eight representative sugar maple trees of any size and height were measured by the USDA Forest Service at each PSP.The PCS was developed at DEF in 1926 to investigate selection and other cutting methods for their potential to create continuous timber supplies due to concerns at the time over loss of timber reserves due to widespread high-grading.Comprehensive information on the study\u2019s history, silvicultural treatments, and data collected between 1927 and 1966, can be found in Kern et al. (2021). Data collection methods differed between the two time periods (1927-1966 and 2007-present) of the PCS and therefore have been published separately.","keyword":["biota","Forest & Plant Health","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","diameter-limit","clearcut","high-grading","culling","group selection","silviculture","improvement cutting","selection cutting","selection system","poletimber","sawtimber","partial cutting","permanent plots","repeated measurements","cutting methods","long-term study","northern hardwood forests","mixed hardwood forests","timber supply","forest stand dynamics","woody plants","Dukes Experimental Forest","Upper Peninsula Experimental Forest","Michigan"],"spatial":"-87.15629,46.34038,-87.13812,46.34713","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0033","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0033","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-06-08"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Tree grade data from the \"Partial Cutting Study\" at the Dukes Experimental Forest, Upper Peninsula of Michigan","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0034","description":"This data publication contains data collected in the Partial Cutting Study (PCS) at Dukes Experimental Forest (DEF) in Michigan, which was previously known as the Upper Peninsula Experimental Forest. The PCS, originally opened in 1926 and closed in 1966, used variations of selection system (uneven-aged silviculture) and diameter-limit cutting methods. The PCS was reopened in 2007 and the location of 15 permanent sample plots (PSPs), representing nine different cutting methods, were relocated. This publication contains tree grade data obtained from all 15 PSPs in 2007 and 2009. Diameter at breast height (DBH) is provided for all living hardwood trees (>10.4-inch DBH in 2007 and >8.8-inch DBH in 2009) of acceptable growing stock as well as butt log quality.The PCS was developed at DEF in 1926 to investigate selection and other cutting methods for their potential to create continuous timber supplies due to concerns at the time over loss of timber reserves due to widespread high-grading.Comprehensive information on the study\u2019s history, silvicultural treatments, and data collected between 1927 and 1966, can be found in Kern et al. (2021). Data collection methods differed between the two time periods (1927-1966 and 2007-present) of the PCS and therefore have been published separately.","keyword":["biota","Forest & Plant Health","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","diameter-limit","clearcut","high-grading","culling","group selection","silviculture","improvement cutting","selection cutting","selection system","sawtimber","partial cutting","permanent plots","repeated measurements","cutting methods","long-term study","northern hardwood forests","mixed hardwood forests","timber supply","forest stand dynamics","woody plants","Dukes Experimental Forest","Upper Peninsula Experimental Forest","Michigan"],"spatial":"-87.15629,46.34038,-87.13812,46.34713","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0034","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0034","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-06-08"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Inventory tree data from the \"Partial Cutting Study\" at the Dukes Experimental Forest, Upper Peninsula of Michigan","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0035","description":"This data publication contains data collected in the Partial Cutting Study (PCS) at Dukes Experimental Forest (DEF) in Michigan, which was previously known as the Upper Peninsula Experimental Forest. The PCS, originally opened in 1926 and closed in 1966, used variations of selection system (uneven-aged silviculture) and diameter-limit cutting methods. The PCS was reopened in 2007 and the location of 15 permanent sample plots (PSPs), representing nine different cutting methods, were relocated. This publication contains inventory data collected in 2007 and 2009 for all merchantable trees species with a diameter at breast height (DBH) of at least 4.5 inches as well as inventory data collected in 2019 for all merchantable tree species with a DBH of at least 4.6 inches. Measurements were obtained for all 15 PSPs and include: DBH, status, merchantability (acceptable or not), and growing stock quality for poletimber and sawtimber-sized trees.The PCS was developed at DEF in 1926 to investigate selection and other cutting methods for their potential to create continuous timber supplies due to concerns at the time over loss of timber reserves due to widespread high-grading.Comprehensive information on the study\u2019s history, silvicultural treatments, and data collected between 1927 and 1966, can be found in Kern et al. (2021). Data collection methods differed between the two time periods (1927-1966 and 2007-present) of the PCS and therefore have been published separately.","keyword":["biota","Forest & Plant Health","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","diameter-limit","clearcut","high-grading","culling","group selection","silviculture","improvement cutting","selection cutting","selection system","poletimber","sawtimber","partial cutting","permanent plots","repeated measurements","cutting methods","long-term study","northern hardwood forests","mixed hardwood forests","timber supply","forest stand dynamics","woody plants","Dukes Experimental Forest","Upper Peninsula Experimental Forest","Michigan"],"spatial":"-87.15629,46.34038,-87.13812,46.34713","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0035","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0035","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-06-08"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Data and replication code for analyzing crime on street segments with and without building removals in Baltimore, MD 2014-2019","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0036","description":"This data publication includes data from a study in Baltimore, MD to examine how removing vacant buildings affects violent and property crimes. This study includes data from in 2014-2019. Housing data were obtained from the Baltimore City Department of Housing and Community Development, data from reported crimes were obtained from the Baltimore City Police Department via OpenData Baltimore, and demographics were obtained from the American Community Survey (ACS) - U.S. Census Bureau. Data include 775 block faces (which is the area between two street intersections, including the space around the street between buildings facing each other) that had building removals (treatment) as well as 524 block faces that did not have any building removals (control). This package includes the location of the treated block face segments as well as the centroids of all treated and control block faces as both shapefiles and geopackages. Controls were randomly assigned to treated block faces. After removing spatially near candidates, there were more treated units than controls, and we randomly assigned 251 controls a second time to treated block faces; all treated units had a matched pair control and associated treated-control identifier. Also included are the annual tabular data for each block face which include data such as average crime rate, number of deconstructions\/demolitions, whether or not a violence initiative was put in place for that area, information regarding possible transformation zones, police district details, and demographic data. In order to see if the results were sensitive to the treatment\/control matching, we applied a second random matching procedure to re-match treatment and control block faces. All treated units had a matched pair control and associated treated-control identifier called \"subclass,\" hence the two tabular data files contain the same data with the exception of the subclass variable which provides that random match for both matching procedures. The R code used to run these analyses is also provided as an *.Rmd file.The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether or not vacant building removals (either demolitions and\/or deconstructions) in Baltimore, MD had a demonstrable reduction on various types of crime via a quasi-experimental difference-in-differences (DID) analysis.For more information about this study and these data, see Locke et al. (2023).\n\t  \nThese data were published on 06\/22\/2023. Metadata updated to include reference to newly published article on 08\/02\/2023.","keyword":["economy","environment","health","planningCadastre","society","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Geography","Environment and People","Community development","Quality of life","Social values, ethics","Urban natural resources management","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Assessments","Natural Resource Management & Use","Economics","Landscape management","Policies and law","vacant building removal","demolition","deconstruction","crime","Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation","INLA","geographic information systems","Maryland","Baltimore"],"spatial":"-76.71111,39.19723,-76.52971,39.37198","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0036","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0036","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-08-02"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Snag and fuel dynamics after stand-replacing wildfires in the interior Pacific Northwest","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0037","description":"These data were collected for a retrospective study of coarse woody debris and woody fuel dynamics following high severity (stand-replacing) wildfires in dry coniferous forests of the interior Pacific Northwest, USA. Between 2007 and 2009, we sampled 255 study sites within a chronosequence of 68 wildfires that burned between 1970 and 2007 in dry coniferous forests of Eastern Washington and Oregon. We selected study sites that represented large patches of dry coniferous forest that burned in stand-replacing wildfire (> 95% overstory tree mortality) within these wildfires and contained a significant component of merchantable ponderosa pine or Douglas-fir trees. This sample included 96 study sites that had been salvage logged following wildfire and 159 sites that had not been logged following wildfire. We avoided sites where Forest Service records or field visits indicated significant post-fire management activities (other than salvage logging) or subsequent fuels management activities (e.g., prescribed burning) that would significantly alter snag or downed wood dynamics.\n\nAt each site, we established a randomly placed study plot on which we surveyed pre-fire stand structure, snag and log conditions, and surface woody fuel loadings. By surveying all residual live trees, standing and fallen snags, and cut stumps within a fixed-radius plot, we were able to reconstruct pre-fire stand basal area, density, and species composition. For each live tree and snag on the fixed-radius plot \u2013 and additional snags in an expanded variable-radius plot \u2013 we recorded the species, diameter, and status (alive, standing dead, broken dead, fallen dead, or cut). In 2007 and 2008, we also recorded snag decay class and the presence or absence of wildlife cavities (on standing snags only). We surveyed surface woody fuels, by size class, on 3-7 planar intercept fuel transects at each study site. Data were collected during 2007-2009 on areas that burned during 1970-2007.As fire-killed trees (hereafter snags) decompose and vegetation recovers over time after fire, forest fuel characteristics change considerably, producing changes in potential fire behavior. We refer to this process as fuel succession. Surface woody fuels accumulate as snags decay, break, and finally fall. Wood decomposition also changes fuel properties and fire behavior. Sound (hard) logs typically contribute little to fire spread rates or local fire severity. As logs decompose, however, they may become more fractured and flammable, increasing the duration of flaming and smoldering combustion, and increasing tree mortality and soil heating. \n\t  \nAfter stand-replacing wildfires, there is often considerable conflict when post-fire (or salvage) logging is proposed. Harvesting fire-killed trees immediately after wildfire can provide economic benefits to local communities and may reduce risks of insect and disease outbreaks that can kill additional trees. However, there is concern that the ecological costs of post-fire logging may outweigh the economic benefits. Specifically, opponents argue that post-fire logging may compound fire effects on soil physical and chemical properties; increase precipitation runoff and soil erosion; harm water quality and aquatic habitats; reduce site productivity and slow future forest development; degrade wildlife habitat for species dependent on snags and coarse woody debris; facilitate the spread of noxious weeds; and alter plant community structure and diversity. \n\nOften overlooked in the debate over post-fire logging is the risk of ecological damage to soils, vegetation, and aquatic ecosystems from subsequent high severity fires. High severity fires typically kill most trees and other vegetation; alter wildlife habitat, soil physical, and soil chemical properties; increase erosion rates; and impact aquatic ecosystems. Fuels managers have argued that post-fire logging can reduce future fire severity by removing the boles of dead trees that later contribute to surface woody fuels. However, there has been very little research examining the effects of post-fire logging on future fuels and fire behavior. \n\nTo better inform this debate, we examined patterns of snag decay and surface fuel accumulations, with and without post-fire logging, across a chronosequence of 68 stand-replacing wildfires that burned between 1970 and 2007 in dry coniferous forests of Eastern Washington and Oregon. Specific research objectives included: 1) describe coarse woody debris dynamics and fuel succession following stand-replacing wildfires in dry coniferous forests of the Pacific Northwest; 2) assess the effects of post-fire logging on post-fire fuel succession and potential fire severity; and 3) describe the snag properties associated with use by primary cavity-nesters.For additional information about this study, see Peterson et al. (2015) and Peterson et al. (in press).","keyword":["biota","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Ecology","Fire","Fire ecology","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","Landscape management","Restoration","Timber","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Habitat management","ponderosa pine","Pinus ponderosa","Douglas-fir","Pseudotsuga menziesii","Abies","fuel succession","snag dynamics","wildlife cavities","snag longevity","fuel succession","reburn","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","Washington","Oregon","Cascade Mountains","Blue Mountains"],"spatial":"-121.9872,42.2560,-116.9347,48.9682","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0037","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0037","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-07-07"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Tree monitoring data used to study the adaptability of knobcone x Monterey pine hybrids to lower-elevation, lower-quality forest sites in northwestern California","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0038","description":"This data publication contains the data collected for a study that began in 1964, titled \"Adaptability of knobcone x Monterey pine hybrids to lower-elevation, lower-quality forest sites in northwestern California\". This experimental study of four tree planting test sites (East Fork Burn, Platina, Spring Gulch, and Tom Lang Gulch) was established in Siskiyou and Shasta Counties, California, on U.S. Bureau of Land Management lands. The quantitative data included in this package consist of tree survival, status, and size measured at all four sites in 1964, 1965, and 1966. These same data were also collected in 1973 for Spring Gulch and Tom Lang Gulch. Georegistered historical stem maps with digitized tree locations are also provided for Spring Gulch (1966) and Tom Lang Gulch (1965).This silvicultural field trial was established in 1964 to evaluate the potential of the knobcone-Monterey hybrid pine (KMX pine, Pinus x attenuradiata) for reforesting marginal timber sites in Northern California. The field trial focused on comparing the performance of trees derived from knobcone pine (Pinus attenuata) seed sources in the Siskiyou Mountains of Oregon to knobcone pine seed sourced from Placer County, California. Hybrids were hypothesized to combine rapid juvenile growth rates with drought tolerance suitable for hot, low-elevation sites, while providing sufficient frost tolerance to withstand interior California coast range winters. While 3 of 4 study sites remain intact as of 2022, the study was only followed and measured from 1964-1973. Quantitative data from 3 of 4 test sites, spanning the 1964-1966 period, have already been published. Also included in this package are the georegistered maps used to digitize tree locations to create a spatially explicit dataset used in growth-provenance diversity analyses, based on 1966-1973 tree data for the Tom Lang Gulch and Spring Gulch test sites.Some of these data were originally published by Griffin and Conkle (1967). Additional quantitative data (the smaller Platina test site [1965, 1965, 1966] and later data for Spring Gulch [1973] and Tom Lang Gulch [1973]) were subsequently incorporated into the re-analyses of Looney et al. (2023).","keyword":["Climate change","Ecological adaptation","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Forest management","Natural Resource Management & Use","Plant ecology","Timber","biota","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","environment","pine hybrids","knobcone-Monterey hybrid pine","Pinus x attenuradiata","tree survival","tree growth","California"],"spatial":"-124.242,36.5342,-120.63,42.53","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0038","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0038","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-11-17"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Seedling census and natural enemy survey data at a tropical understory forest warming experiment (TRACE) in Puerto Rico from 2015-2017","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0039","description":"The data in this package were used to evaluate the effects of a natural drought and in situ experimental warming on density-dependent feedbacks on seedling demography at the Tropical Responses to Altered Climate Experiment (TRACE) in Luquillo, Puerto Rico from June 2015 through June 2017. The TRACE site consists of three control plots and three plots that are experimentally warmed using infrared heaters. Seedling surveys at each plot were conducted each year and data including seedling height, root collar diameter, leaf counts, mortality, etc. were measured. Aboveground natural enemy surveys were conducted annually during the seedling surveys. Leaves from each seedling were assessed for damage, and the number of unique damage morphotypes were counted for the following natural enemies: gall makers, grazers, endophytes, leaf miners, and pathogens. Additionally, Guarea guidonia seedlings from outside of each plot were collected in 2017 and root morphology data were collected using root scans.The purpose of this study was to assess how experimental warming and drought affect density-dependent feedbacks on seedling demography in a tropical forest.For more information about this study and these data, see Bachelot et al. (2020, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/gcb.15087).","keyword":["biota","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","Climate change","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Plant ecology","Forest & Plant Health","climate change","negative density dependence","positive density dependence","tropical wet forest","Luquillo Experimental Forest","Puerto Rico","El Yunque National Forest","Sabana Field Research Station"],"spatial":"-65.7306,18.3245,-65.7306,18.3245","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0039","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0039","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-06-26"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"RPA forest products market data for U.S. RPA Regions and the world, historical (1990-2015), and projected (2020-2070) using the Forest Resource Outlook Model (FOROM)","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0073-2","description":"The United States and the world underwent immense economic, social and economic change over the ten years since the last Resources Planning Act (RPA) Assessment, all of which have impacts on production and consumption of forest products. The data in this publication include recent trends (1990-2015) in global and U.S. forest products consumption, production, prices, and net trade. These data also include economic projections (2020-2070) of production, consumption, manufactured product prices, net trade, timber harvest levels, and timber prices, as influenced by four future scenarios regarding economic and population growth, and changing biomass energy demand through 2070. These RPA scenarios pair two alternative climate futures (Representative Concentration Pathways or RCPs) with four alternative futures (Shared Socioeconomic Pathways or SSPs) in the following combinations of U.S. socioeconomic growth: RCP 4.5 and SSP1 (lower warming-moderate, LM), RCP 8.5 and SSP3 (high warming-low, HL), RCP 8.5 and SSP2 (high warming-moderate, HM), and RCP 8.5 and SSP5 (high warming-high, HH).The USDA Forest Service (USFS) produces a periodic assessment of the conditions and trends of the Nation's renewable resources required by the Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act (RPA) of 1974. This RPA Assessment provides a snapshot of current U.S. forest and rangeland conditions and trends on all ownerships, identifies drivers of change, and projects 50 years into the future (https:\/\/www.fs.usda.gov\/research\/inventory\/rpaa, Resources Planning Act (RPA) Assessment). For the 2020 RPA Assessment, a new market model named FOROM has been developed providing projections to 2070 for 20 wood products. The FOrest Resource Outlook Model (FOROM) is a global recursive dynamic partial equilibrium model of the forest sector that recognizes Resources Planning Act (RPA) Assessment regions as separate producing, consuming, and trading market regions within a complete global market (Johnston et al. 2021).The FOrest Resource Outlook Model (FOROM) is a global recursive dynamic partial equilibrium model of the forest sector that recognizes Resources Planning Act (RPA) Assessment regions as separate producing, consuming, and trading market regions within a complete global market. FOROM is calibrated to a base year and projects future market variables of price, production, consumption, and trade of primary and secondary forest products across various socioeconomic development paths. Further captured in the model are predicted changes in forest area and forest stocks (inventory volumes) by management category. The model also incorporates changes to forest inventory under specifications of productivity changes as driven by climate change and greenhouse gas accumulations. Model solutions generated by FOROM for the 2020 RPA were generated jointly with the RPA Forest Dynamics Model. For more information on the model, please refer to Johnston et al. (2021). \n\t  \nFor more information about the RPA forest products market data, see Johnston et al. (2023). \n\nThe first edition of these data (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0073) was published on 11\/04\/2022. We recommend the use of this second edition, published on 07\/10\/2023, which includes the following updates: the standing stock projected by FOROM was re-calibrated to better align with the projection of the RPA Forest Dynamics Model. All other projections contained within the dataset remain unchanged. Minor metadata updates were made on 09\/12\/2023.","keyword":["economy","society","Climate change","Climate change effects","Forest Products","Forest products industry","economy","forest product markets","global","socioeconomic trends","climate change","RPA Assessment","Resources Planning Act Assessment","United States","global"],"spatial":"-180,-90,180,90","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0073-2","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0073-2","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-09-12"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Building loss and rebuilding within wildfire perimeters of the conterminous United States (2000-2013)","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0040","description":"This data publication contains both tabular and vector point spatial data showing building location and outcomes for wildfires that destroyed buildings between 2000 and 2013 in the conterminous United States. Building destruction, subsequent rebuilding, and new construction within the fire perimeters are shown as points. Older fires show rebuilding and new for a longer time-span since fire.Over the past 30 years, the cost of wildfire suppression and homes lost to wildfire in the U.S. have increased dramatically, driven in part by the expansion of the wildland-urban interface (WUI), where buildings and wildland vegetation meet. In response, the wildfire management community has devoted substantial effort to better understand where buildings and vegetation co-occur, and to establish outreach programs to reduce wildfire damage to homes. A spatially explicit record of buildings over time in relation to wildfires provides new insight for research and management, including a greater understanding of where buildings are located in relation to wildfires, the WUI, wildfire outreach programs, and where buildings are lost to wildfires.For more information about this study and these data, see Kramer et al. (2018) and Alexandre et al. (2015).","keyword":["environment","society","structure","Environment and People","Fire","Wildland\/urban interface","housing","natural disaster","risk","wildland-urban interface","WUI","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","conterminous United States"],"spatial":"-123.88910,25.60450,-67.65784,48.97206","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0040","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0040","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-07-07"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"FuelMap 2014: Imputed map of carbon stored in litter, duff, fine woody debris, and coarse woody debris for CONUS forests circa 2014","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0042","description":"FuelMap 2014 is an imputed map of litter, duff, fine woody debris, and coarse woody debris loadings for the forests of the conterminous United States (CONUS) circa 2014. In fire science, these strata are often referred to as \u201cfuel\u201d for a wildland fire. FuelMap 2014 is largely derived from the TreeMap 2014, which provides a tree-level model of CONUS forests. To create TreeMap, we assigned forest plot data measured by Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) to a 30x30 meter (m) grid. Specifically, we used a random forests machine-learning algorithm to impute the forest plot data to a set of target rasters provided by Landscape Fire and Resource Management Planning Tools (LANDFIRE: https:\/\/landfire.gov). Predictor variables for both the forest plots (reference data) and LANDFIRE rasters (target data) consisted of percent forest cover, forest height, and vegetation type, as well as topography (slope, elevation, and aspect), location (latitude and longitude), biophysical variables (photosynthetically active radiation, precipitation, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, relative humidity, and vapor pressure deficit), and disturbance history (time since disturbance and disturbance type) for the landscape circa 2014. FIA records down woody material (DWM) at some but not all of their forest plots. Thus, many of the FIA plots imputed (assigned) in the TreeMap carried DWM information with them. For pixels in TreeMap 2014 where the assigned FIA plot recorded DWM, we used the FIA plot assigned in TreeMap 2014 in the FuelMap 2014. For pixels where FIA plots were assigned that did not have DWM measured, we identified the most similar plot that had DWM measured from the list of FIA plots available for imputation in TreeMap 2014, and then we assigned that plot in the FuelMap 2014.\n\nThe main outputs of this project are rasters at 30x30 m spatial resolution for the imputed FIA plot identifier. The plot identifier corresponds to a unique visit to a plot by FIA\u2019s field crew, and is also referred to as the plot control number [CN]. Using the CN, we looked up the loading in each of the carbon pools (in pounds per acre) and include a raster for each: 1) litter, 2) duff, 3) fine woody debris in the 1-hour (hr) size class, 4) fine woody debris in the 10-hr size class, 5) fine woody debris in the 100-hr size class, 6) coarse woody debris in the 1000-hr size class, and 7) \u201ctotal carbon\u201d in the DWM strata produced by adding these six strata together. We present these data in geodatabase and GeoTIFF formats. The spatial extent is CONUS for landscape conditions circa 2014. The carbon loadings for DWM are drawn from the FIA COND_DWM_CALC tables for the assigned plot CN for litter, duff, fine woody debris and coarse woody debris.The FuelMap provides spatial estimates of forest floor carbon at fine resolution (30x30 m). These spatially contiguous estimates are needed for landscape-level analyses of forest biomass and carbon, as well as estimates of emissions from wildland fire. The FuelMap can be used in combination with the TreeMap to provide estimates of forest carbon that include both the trees and forest floor. The FuelMap is the first imputed dataset to partition forest floor carbon into different strata of which we are aware. FuelMap does not provide estimates of soil carbon or carbon stored in roots of trees, nor of carbon stored in understory shrubs or grasses.See the Entity and Attributes section for details regarding the relationship between the data files included in this publication and the FIA DataMart (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2001-FIADB). For additional information regarding TreeMap 2014, see Riley et al. (2019, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0026).\n\t  \nThese data were published on 07\/26\/2023. On 02\/07\/2024, a lookup table containing the predicted FIA plot CN was added to the package and a few minor metadata updates were made. On 08\/12\/2024, a corrected lookup table was added to the package and a few publication URLs were updated. On 08\/30\/2024, FIA documentation URLs were updated.","keyword":["biota","environment","Climate change","Carbon","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Natural Resource Management & Use","Conservation","Ecosystem services","Forest management","Wilderness","Forest Inventory and Analysis","imputation","LANDFIRE","random forests","fuel data","conterminous United States","CONUS"],"spatial":"-127.97722,22.76862,-65.25445,51.64968","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0042","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0042","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-08-30"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Historical maps of land use in Puerto Rico in 1951","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0041","description":"This data publication contains multiple maps of Puerto Rico scanned at 600 dots per inch: full map scans, scans clipped to mapped areas only, and georeferenced scans of 1:10,000-scale land-use maps from 1950-1951 that were produced by the Rural Land Classification Program of Puerto Rico, a project led by Dr. Clarence F. Jones of Northwestern University. These historical maps classified land use and land cover into 20 different classes, including 13 different types of crops, two classes of forests, four classes of grasslands and other areas, which is a general class for non-rural areas. This package includes maps from 76 out of the 78 municipalities of Puerto Rico, covering 422 quadrangles of a 443-quadrangle grid for mainland Puerto Rico. It excludes the island municipalities of Vieques and Culebra, Mona Island and minor outlying islands.The Rural Land Classification Program of Puerto Rico produced 430 1:10,000-scale maps. That program also produced one island-wide land-use map with more generalized delineations of land use. Previously, Kennaway and Helmer (2007) scanned and georeferenced the island-wide map, and they converted it to vector and raster formats with embedded georeferencing and classification. This data publication contains the higher-resolution maps, which will provide more precise historical context for forests. It will better inform management efforts for the sustainable use of forest lands and to build resilience and resistance to various future disturbances for these and other tropical forest landscapes.\n\nThe maps were scanned and georeferenced to help with the planning and application process for the USDA Forest Service (USDA) Forest Legacy Program, a competition-based program administered by the USDA Forest Service in partnership with State agencies to encourage the protection of privately owned forest lands through conservation easements or land purchases. Geospatial products and maps will also be used by personnel at the Department of Natural and Environmental Resources and partners in Non-Governmental Organizations working with the Forest Stewardship Program. This latter program provides technical assistance and forest management plans to private landowners for the conservation and effective management of private forests across the US. The information will provide local historical context on forest change patterns that will enhance the recommendations of forest management practices for private forest landowners. These data will also be useful for urban forest professionals to understand the land legacies as a basis for planning green infrastructure interventions. \n\nData depict the rural areas of Puerto Rico around 1951 and how they were classified by geographers then. Having it georeferenced allows managers, teachers, students, the public and scientists to compare how these classifications have changed throughout the years. It will allow more precise identification and mapping of the past land use of present forests, forest stand age, and the past juxtaposition of different land uses relative to each other. These factors can affect forest species composition, biodiversity and ecosystem services. Forest stand age, past land-use type and past disturbance type, forest example, help gauge current forest structure, carbon storage, or rates of carbon accumulation. Another example of how the maps are important is for understanding how watersheds have changed through time, which helps assess how forest ecosystem services related to hydrology evolve. These maps will also help gauge how the forests of Puerto Rico are responding to recent disturbances, and how past disturbances over a range of scales relate to these responses.For more information on the Rural Land Classification Program of Puerto Rico, generated maps, and the island-wide land-use map, please see Jones (1952), Jones and Berrios (1956), as well as Kennaway and Helmer (2007).","keyword":["farming","biota","economy","environment","imageryBaseMapsEarthCover","planningCadastre","society","structure","Climate change","Carbon","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Animal ecology","Ecology","Geography","Geology","Landscape ecology","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","Environment and People","History","Impact of people on environment","Forest Products","Bioenergy and biomass","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Resource inventory","Natural Resource Management & Use","Agroforestry","Conservation","Economics","Ecosystem services","Engineering, roads, bridges","Forest management","Landscape management","land classification","georeferenced","historic","land use","land cover","forest cover","agriculture","Puerto Rico"],"spatial":"-67.31229,17.90433,-65.56195,18.52947","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0041","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0041","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-07-17"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:32"],"programCode":["005:051"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Liver residues of diphacinone in Polynesian rats and house mice offered a novel bait","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/NWRC-RDS-2023-002","description":"Diphacinone residues in the livers of Polynesian rats and house mice that were trapped from wild populations in Hawaii and fed a novel diet formulation were determined using a dispersive solid phase extraction technique paired with tandem mass spectrometry. Data include chromatograms and data summaries collected using an Agilent 4670 QQQ mass spectrometer. Measurements were taken at the National Wildlife Research Center\u2019s chemistry laboratory in Hawaii between June 22 and August 2 of 2022.The data were collected to determine residue levels of the rodenticide diphacinone in the livers of rodents used to test the efficacy of a new bait formulation.For more information about this study, see Goldade et al. (2023).\n\t  \nThese data were published on 07\/19\/2023. On 03\/01\/2024, the metadata was updated to include more details for the recently published article.","keyword":["environment","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Mammals","rodenticide","diphacinone","Polynesian rats","mice","liver residue","LC-MS-MS","Hawaii"],"spatial":"-105.15046,40.58619,-105.15046,40.58619","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/NWRC-RDS-2023-002","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/NWRC-RDS-2023-002","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-03-01"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Tree canopy cover in the Great Lakes region, 1985-2019","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0043","description":"This data publication contains thirty-five (35) georeferenced (GeoTIFF) raster files containing the percent tree canopy cover predicted for the Great Lakes region for each year from 1985 to 2019. Predictions were made using Landsat imagery and topographic data from the National Elevation Dataset.These data are intended to be used for monitoring changes in tree cover and related environmental applications such as habitat modeling.For more information about these data, see Filippelli et al. (2024).","keyword":["biota","environment","imageryBaseMapsEarthCover","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Natural Resource Management & Use","Landscape management","tree canopy cover","Illinois","Indiana","Michigan","Minnesota","New York","Ohio","Pennsylvania","Wisconsin","Great Lakes basins","Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest","Allegheny National Forest","Huron-Manistee National Forest","Hiawatha National Forest","Superior National Forest","Ottawa National Forest","Green Mountain and Finger Lakes National Forests"],"spatial":"-94.39620,38.93250,-72.48630,48.77530","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0043","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0043","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-01-26"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"County-level agroforestry reported in the 2017 U.S. Census of Agriculture","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0044","description":"Agroforestry is the intentional integration of trees and shrubs into crop and animal farming systems. Understanding agroforestry adoption in the United States is critical to serve as a baseline of existing systems and for future planning purposes. Currently there is very little information available, at a national level, that can fill in this critical information gap. No nationwide inventory of agroforestry currently exists. The 2017 Census of Agriculture (COA) from the USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) was determined to be the most robust dataset to assess which farms are using agroforestry. While the COA does not differentiate the type of agroforestry used (e.g., windbreak, silvopasture, forest farming, alley cropping, riparian forest buffer) it does provide county-level numbers of farms practicing agroforestry. These raw numbers, available from the NASS website in tabular format, can then be joined to county-level datasets to provide thematic maps. This publication contains vector polygon spatial data in multiple formats that include the number of farms reporting agroforestry, the total number of farms, and the percent of farms using agroforestry for each county in the U.S as of 2017.The raw data were produced by the USDA National Agricultural Statistics Survey (NASS) 2017 Census of Agriculture (COA.) The COA is a count of U.S. farms and ranches and looks at land use, ownership, production practices, income, and other characteristics. It is completed every 5 years. The 2017 COA was the first census to ask if a producer practices any of the agroforestry practices. While NASS produces a variety of types of maps and data, there currently existed no maps of agroforestry results from the COA. The purpose of this project was to use the raw census number to create a spatial layer for visualization, mapping, and analysis purposes.For more information about these data, see Smith et al. (2022)","keyword":["agroforestry","windbreaks","silvopasture","alley cropping","forest farming","farming","environment","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Resource inventory","Natural Resource Management & Use","Agroforestry","United States","CONUS","Alaska","Hawaii"],"spatial":"-179.14734,18.91078,-66.26953,71.39048","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0044","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0044","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-07-21"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Maps of Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands forest functional groups, biomass, height, and species counts (2001-2008) and satellite image composites (1980-2000)","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0045","description":"This data publication contains 49 ERDAS IMAGINE (IMG) raster images representing modeled distributions using Cubist, PGNN or both, of native, endemic and introduced tree species counts, relative basal areas of functional groups, species basal areas, and forest biomass from forest inventory data, satellite imagery and environmental data for Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Mapped outputs represent the years 2001-2008 (dates of inventory). Also included are raster data of generalized geology digitized from paper maps. Imagery include time series (1980-2000) of Landsat composites and SPOT panchromatic, and scene extents for the composites.Until global wall-to-wall remote sensing data from more specialized sensors are available, maps from multispectral image time series and predictor data should help with running ecosystem models and as sustainable development indicators. Our purpose here is to paint a picture for the Caribbean islands of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands (PRVI), of the outcome for tropical forests of large-scale clearing and regrowth given variable climate, topography, soil substrates and disturbance history; of colonization by several exotic species; and of protected areas established at different times.\n\t  \nTowards that goal, we first assemble a database of tree species functional traits and other characteristics. Secondly, we apply two approaches to modeling and mapping several attributes of forests including: a) counts and relative basal areas of introduced, native and endemic tree species; b) relative basal areas of selected functional groups; c) forest structure and biomass; and d) individual tree species distributions. Helmer et al. (2018) briefly discusses the relative advantages of the two modeling methods. Our purpose was also to evaluate spatial patterns of disturbance history, protection, climate, geology and topography and address the implications of these and related results for Earth System Models (ESMs) and forest sustainability, specifically, forest-related aspects of United Nations Sustainable Development Goal (UN SDG) 15, particularly Target 15.2, Indicator 15.2.1: Progress towards sustainable forest management.For more information about these data, see Helmer et al. (2018).\n\t  \nThese data were published on 07\/25\/2023. On 11\/13\/2023 we removed \"modeled\" from the title to eliminate potential confusion that maps were simpled modeled data. Maps were generated using field data and remote sensing together with statistical models.","keyword":["biota","environment","imageryBaseMapsEarthCover","planningCadastre","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","Climate change","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Landscape ecology","Forest Products","Bioenergy and biomass","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Resource inventory","Natural Resource Management & Use","Landscape management","Timber","Wilderness","decidousness","protected areas","leaf thickness","sclerophylly ","forest recovery","biophysical controls","socioeconomic controls","sustainable development goals","tree species richness","Earth System Model","cloud forest","mountain habitats","species distribution model","leaf toughness","lithology","global change","Puerto Rico","Culebra","Vieques","Mona","U.S. Virgin Islands","St. John","St. Thomas","St. Croix","Tortolla","Virgin Gorda","Anegada","Jost van Dyke","British Virgin Islands","Caribbean","Greater Antilles"],"spatial":"-68.05747,17.57938,-64.20806,18.99021","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0045","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0045","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-11-13"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Ponderosa pine initial spacing study at Challenge Experimental Forest","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0046","description":"This data publication includes original tree data collected as a guide to investigate the effect of initial tree spacing, brush competition, and the interaction of these two factors on growth and development of a ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Laws.) plantation at the Challenge Experimental Forest in northern California. Data span over 60 years with height and diameter at breast height (if tree height reached 1.37 meters) being measured every year from 1968 to 1975, every two years from 1975 to 1985, every four years from 1985 to 2002, and every five years after that up through 2022. Other measurements recorded during these same years include tree condition codes, height to live crown, crown width (1970-2002), and volume measurements for some trees (1977-1993).The purpose of the original study was to determine the relationship between initial spacing and growth of ponderosa pine and how this relationship was affected by the normal influx of understory vegetation. Since establishment, many authors have used partial or full data to address some specific contemporary questions such as carbon sequestration, overstory-understory interactions, and appropriate stand density for healthy and resilient forests.These data have been fully and partially used in various publications (listed as cross-references below) to address scientific and management questions. This study has also been a popular show piece for visiting land managers and other interested parties.","keyword":["environment","Forest & Plant Health","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Pinus ponderosa","tree density","competing vegetation","tree growth","understory vegetation","plant competition","long-term study","initial spacing study","Challenge Experimental Forest","California","Yuba County"],"spatial":"-121.218,39.4745,-121.216,39.4766","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0046","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0046","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-07-28"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"The Fireshed Registry: Fireshed and project area boundaries for the continental United States and Alaska","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0054-2","description":"The Fireshed Registry is a geospatial dashboard and decision tool built to organize information about wildfire transmission to communities and monitor progress towards risk reduction for communities from management investments. The concept behind the Fireshed Registry is to identify and map the source of risk rather than what is at risk across all lands in the continental United States (CONUS) and Alaska. While the Fireshed Registry was organized around mapping the source of fire risk to communities, the framework does not preclude the assessment of other resource management priorities and trends such as water, fish and aquatic or wildlife habitat, or recreation. The Fireshed Registry is also a multi-scale decision tool for quantifying, prioritizing, and geospatially displaying wildfire transmission to buildings in adjacent or nearby communities.\n\nFireshed areas in the Fireshed Registry are approximately 250,000 acre accounting units that are delineated based on smoothed building exposure maps of the continental United States and Alaska. These boundaries were created by dividing up the landscape into regular-sized units that represent similar source levels of community exposure to wildfire risk. Project areas are approximately 25,000 acre accounting units nested within firesheds. This data publication includes two separate geodatabases, one for CONUS and one for Alaska, both geodatabases containing for both firesheds and project areas: boundaries, size, total annual number of buildings inside and outside of the area exposed by wildfires ignited within the area (based on 2014 fuels conditions), and percent of the area that has been disturbed since 2014 (2015-2018). See metadata for the individual geodatabases and feature classes for more details.The fireshed and project area boundaries are designed to delineate hotspots of fire transmission to adjacent or nearby communities to facilitate cohesive cross-boundary risk mitigation planning.This data publication is the second edition of the Fireshed Registry. The first edition included the continental United States (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0054). This second edition was created only to include Firesheds and Project Areas for Alaska; the data for CONUS has not been modified from previous versions.\n\nThis second edition was published on 08\/17\/2023.","keyword":["geoscientificInformation","Fire","Fire effects on environment","Wildland\/urban interface","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","wildfire","wildfire exposure","wildfire transmission","wildfire management","United States"],"spatial":"-179.0,22.932504,-65.329158,71.377684","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0054-2","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0054-2","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-08-17"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Abiotic and biotic attributes of an old field community impacting colonization in response to nutrient addition, litter removal, and consumer exclusion","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0047","description":"The data in this package were used to evaluate the direct and indirect impacts of soil nutrients, consumers (foliar fungal pathogens and insect herbivores), and leaf litter on seedling establishment in an old field in Duke Forest Research and Teaching Laboratory (Orange County, North Carolina, USA). Seeds were added to plots in spring 2013 and 2014 and seedling establishment and richness of seedling species were surveyed in both years. Several abiotic and biotic attributes of communities that could influence seedling success were also measured, including seasonal mean soil water availability, seasonal mean ground-level light availability, community-weighted mean percentage of leaf nitrogen, and community-weighted mean percentage of leaf area damaged by fungal diseases and insect herbivores.Data were collected to understand the drivers of community assembly in early-successional old fields.For more information about this study and these data, see Heckman (in press).","keyword":["biota","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Ecology","Plant ecology","community assembly","fertilization","insect herbivory","light availability","old fields","plant pathogens","seed addition","top-down, bottom-up","determinants of plant community diversity and structure","North Carolina","Piedmont","Duke Forest"],"spatial":"-79.01961,36.00801,-79.01951,36.00809","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0047","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0047","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-09-18"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Understory plant community data collected before and after mechanical forest restoration treatments, Colorado Front Range","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0048","description":"This data publication contains understory plant community and other data for 168 plots located in or adjacent to 16 mechanical forest restoration treatment units in dry conifer forests of the Front Range, Colorado, USA. Data were collected between 2011 and 2021 in the plots 1-2 years pre-treatment, 1-2 years post-treatment, and 4-6 years post-treatment. Understory plant community data include field measurements of understory plant presence and cover by species or higher taxonomic level. Ancillary data include field measurements of overstory tree (e.g., live overstory basal area), substrate (e.g., litter and duff depth), and topographic (e.g., aspect) conditions, as well as derived measurements of climatic (e.g., long-term mean climatic water stress) and topographic (e.g., topographic position index) conditions.Data were collected to investigate the effects of mechanical forest restoration treatments on understory plants in dry conifer forests of the Colorado Front Range.For more information about this study and these data, see Briggs et al. (2017) and Demarest et al. (2023).","keyword":["biota","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Plant ecology","Forest & Plant Health","Botany","Natural Resource Management & Use","Restoration","Forest management","understory plants","plant diversity","forest restoration","mechanical thinning","ponderosa pine","Colorado","Rocky Mountains","Front Range"],"spatial":"-105.51764,38.89122,-105.13589,40.27932","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0048","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0048","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-10-05"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"The 1990-2020 wildland-urban interface of the conterminous United States - geospatial data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0012-4","description":"The Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) is the area where houses meet or intermingle with undeveloped wildland vegetation. This makes the WUI a focal area for human-environment conflicts such as wildland fires, habitat fragmentation, invasive species, and biodiversity decline. Using geographic information systems (GIS), we integrated U.S. Census and USGS National Land Cover Data, to map the Federal Register definition of WUI (Federal Register 66:751, 2001) for the conterminous United States from 1990-2020. These data are useful within a GIS for mapping and analysis at national, state, and local levels. Data are available as a geodatabase and include information such as housing densities for 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020; wildland vegetation percentages for 1992, 2001, 2011, and 2019; as well as WUI classes in 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020.To provide a spatially detailed national assessment of the wildland-urban interface (WUI) and WUI change between 1990 and 2020 across the coterminous U.S. to support wildland fire research, policy and management, and inquiries into the effects of housing growth on the environment.This data publication, published on 08\/09\/2023 is a fourth edition. The first edition (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0012) contained data representing the 2010 WUI of the conterminous United States. The second edition (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0012-2) contained data that represented the 1990-2010 WUI. The third edition (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0012-3) contains data that represent the 1990-2020 WUI. \n\t  \nThis fourth edition uses an improved PLA housing density dataset to classify WUI from 1990-2020. This involved updating the public land adjustment (PLA) process (step 1) by correcting topological errors and removing erroneous sliver polygons generated during the PLA process. \t  \n\nOn 09\/16\/2024, minor metadata updates were made, which included updating URLs for associated articles.\n\t  \nInformation about WUI can also be found here: http:\/\/silvis.forest.wisc.edu\/data\/wui-change as well as https:\/\/www.fs.usda.gov\/research\/nrs\/projects\/wuigrowth.","keyword":["environment","Environment and People","Fire","Wildland\/urban interface","fragmentation","wildland-urban interface","WUI","housing growth","wildland fire","sprawl","conterminous United States"],"spatial":"-127.977107,22.768690,-65.254885,51.649519","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0012-4","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0012-4","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-09-16"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Smoothed raster of wildfire transmission to buildings in the continental United States and Alaska","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0015-3","description":"Recent fire seasons in the continental United States have motivated federal agencies to explore scenarios for augmenting current fuel management and forest restoration in areas where fires ignite and spread to buildings in adjacent communities. This data publication contains two (2) geodatabase rasters representing a spatial assessment within the continental U.S. and Alaska of areas at high risk of igniting fires that spread to and expose buildings as smoothed rasters of sources of annual building exposure from wildfire. These rasters were created by intersecting simulated wildfire perimeters with building location data over 10,000 to 100,000 fire seasons. This assessment reflects 2014 vegetation conditions and 2020 building locations. These data can be used in scenario planning to helps design fuel treatment program that target wildfire exposure to developed areas. The continental scale of the data support expanded use of scenario planning science to analyze and communicate large scale expansion of current forest and fuel management initiatives.Wildfire impacts to developed areas have stimulated wide-ranging policy discussions about the role of active forest management to reduce hazardous fuels on federal and private wildlands. An assessment of areas that have the highest likelihood to ignite fires that spread to buildings in developed areas are needed. These spatial data were used to estimate sources of wildfire ignitions that spread to and expose communities to help highlight areas that could be targeted for fuels reduction treatments and other risk mitigation efforts.The first edition of these data was published on 03\/10\/2022 (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0015). The second edition changed the raster values to be per pixel values instead of per acre values (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0015-2). \n\t  \nThis third edition (published on 09\/12\/2023) adds the corresponding exposure raster for Alaska; the original raster for the continental U.S. was not modified in any way from the second edition. This new edition also includes metadata updates. On 10\/11\/2023 we updated the legend for \\Supplements\\BuildingExposure_CONUS_MS.png which had the \u201cModerate\u201d class incorrectly denoted as 3% of total exposure, which has now been corrected to 35%. On 12\/18\/2023 two corrections were made to the Alaska data: 1) the raster \u201cAK_BuildingExposure_by_90mPixel\u201d was found to have an incorrect cell size of 30 meters, and was resampled to 90 meters (values at 90m cell centers did not change); and 2) the legend text on the Alaska map \u201cBuildingExposure_Alaska.png\u201d had incorrect percentages for the five building exposure classes, which was corrected. Additional minor metadata updates were made on 11\/20\/2024.\n\nLayer files are also provided, which allow the matching of the symbology to the PNG files included in this package.","keyword":["geoscientificInformation","structure","Fire","Fire effects on environment","Wildland\/urban interface","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","wildfire","wildfire exposure","wildfire transmission","wildfire management","continental United States","Alaska"],"spatial":"-179.14891,22.87372,179.77847,71.365162","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0015-3","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0015-3","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-11-20"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Blacks Mountain Experimental Forest natural regeneration data (Lassen National Forest, California)","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0049","description":"Forest stands at Blacks Mountain Experimental Forest (BMEF) in northeastern California have undergone changes since the establishment of the Experimental Forest in 1934. Twelve stands were selected exhibiting a range of past management activities to establish metrics describing tree density and stocking conditions in small trees (regeneration) at Blacks Mountain. Methods chosen for plot size and configuration were designed to be similar to those used in an earlier effort (in 1933 and 1934) that quantified trees less than 3.6 inches breast height diameter. We recorded seedling and sapling counts by species group and size class at BMEF in the summer and fall of 2018. In addition to the 2018 data, this data publication also includes the compartment summary data from 1933 and 1934. Data are provided as comma-separated values (CSV) files, but scanned field sheets from 2018 are provided as well as a scan of the work by R.H. Mors in 1936 as Portable Document Format (PDF) files. Also included are PDF files of all references noted in the methods section.The observations on tree regeneration were undertaken to allow a spatial analysis of current tree density at the Experimental Forest (Nepal et al. 2020) as well as provide a means to compare with summaries recorded from the earlier (1933-1934) sampling effort.For more information about these data and this study, see Nepal et al. (2020).","keyword":["biota","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Plant ecology","Forest & Plant Health","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","tree regeneration","seedlings","Pinus ponderosa","ponderosa pine","Jeffrey pine","Pinus jeffreyi","Abies concolor","white fir","Calocedrus decurrens","incense-cedar","Blacks Mountain Experimental Forest","California","Lassen National Forest","Lassen County"],"spatial":"-121.1889,40.7013,-121.1348,40.7482","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0049","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0049","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-08-23"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Spatial datasets of probabilistic wildfire risk components for the sagebrush biome (270m)","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0050","description":"Regional data depicting burn probability (BP) and conditional flame-length probability (FLP) were generated for the sagebrush biome in the western United States using a geospatial Fire Simulation (FSim) system developed by the USDA Forest Service, Missoula Fire Sciences Laboratory. The FSim system includes modules for weather generation, wildfire occurrence, fire growth, and fire suppression. FSim is designed to simulate the occurrence and growth of wildfires under tens of thousands of hypothetical contemporary fire seasons in order to estimate the probability of a given area (i.e., pixel) burning under current (ca. 2020) landscape conditions and fire management practices. The data presented here represent modeled BP and conditional flame-length probability for the sagebrush biome at a 270-meter grid spatial resolution. Flame-length probability is estimated for six standard flame-length classes as follows: FLP1 = < 2 feet (ft); FLP2 = 2 < 4 ft; FLP3 = 4 < 6 ft; FLP4 = 6 < 8 ft; FLP5 = 8 < 12 ft; FLP6 = 12+ ft. Because they indicate conditional probabilities (i.e., representing the likelihood of burning at a certain intensity level, given that a fire occurs), the FLP data must be used in conjunction with the BP data for risk assessment.In the western United States, hundreds of thousands of acres of highly imperiled sagebrush ecosystems are lost or degraded each year as a result of altered wildfire regimes. In response to these wildfire threats, extensive fuel treatment investments have been proposed throughout the region. Regional-scale assessment of wildfire risk offers a consistent means of evaluating threats to valued resources and assets, thereby facilitating the most cost-effective investments in management activities that can mitigate those risks. We used a simulation system to estimate the probabilistic components of wildfire risk across the sagebrush biome, which includes portions of 13 western states.These data were produced using methods described herein and used to produce the 3rd edition BP and FLP for national analyses (Dillon et al. 2023), However, where they overlap, this product differs from the national product suite, because this effort used a landscape dataset depicting ca. 2020 fuel conditions that was customized to better reflect expected fire behavior in the sagebrush biome, including influences from exotic annual grass invasion (e.g., cheatgrass) and conifer (e.g., pinyon, juniper) encroachment (Short et al. 2024).\n\t  \nThese data were published on 12\/21\/2023. On 03\/13\/2024, metadata updates included: 1) the correction of the buffer size around each pyrome (was originally stated as 60 kilometers, but has been corrected to 30 kilometers); and 2) the addition of the Joint Fire Science Program Final Report associated with these data.","keyword":["environment","geoscientificInformation","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Fire","burn probability","flame length","fire intensity","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","western United States","Washington","Oregon","California","Idaho","Montana","North Dakota","South Dakota","Wyoming","Colorado","Utah","Nevada","Arizona","New Mexico","sagebrush biome"],"spatial":"-125.35573,34.43997,-100.46580,47.90356","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0050","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0050","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-03-13"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Spatial datasets of probabilistic wildfire risk components for the United States (270m)","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0034-3","description":"National data on burn probability (BP) and conditional flame-length probability (FLP) were generated for the conterminous United States (CONUS), Alaska, and Hawaii using a geospatial Fire Simulation (FSim) system developed by the USDA Forest Service Missoula Fire Sciences Laboratory. The FSim system includes modules for weather generation, wildfire occurrence, fire growth, and fire suppression. FSim is designed to simulate the occurrence and growth of wildfires under tens of thousands of hypothetical contemporary fire seasons in order to estimate the probability of a given area (i.e., pixel) burning under current (end of 2020) landscape conditions and fire management practices. The data presented here represent modeled BP and FLPs for the United States (US) at a 270-meter grid spatial resolution. Flame-length probability is estimated for six standard Fire Intensity Levels. The six FILs correspond to flame-length classes as follows: FLP1 = < 2 feet (ft); FLP2 = 2 < 4 ft.; FLP3 = 4 < 6 ft.; FLP4 = 6 < 8 ft.; FLP5 = 8 < 12 ft.; FLP6 = 12+ ft. Because they indicate conditional probabilities (i.e., representing the likelihood of burning at a certain intensity level, given that a fire occurs), the FLP data must be used in conjunction with the BP data for risk assessment.National-scale assessment of wildfire risk offers a consistent means of evaluating threats to valued resources and assets, thereby facilitating investments in management activities that can mitigate those risks. We used a simulation system to estimate the probabilistic components of wildfire risk across the nation. We generated the data in three volumes: (I) the conterminous U.S. (CONUS), (II) Alaska, and (III) Hawaii. These outputs have been generated to support a number of national planning and risk assessment efforts.These data are a newer edition of the Short et al. (2016, 2020) data publications. This third edition is based on circa 2020 landscape data, which were the most current LANDFIRE products available at the time of production. The methods used to generate these data generally followed the same process used in previous editions, with improvements made at specific steps. The process steps outlined in the Data Quality, Lineage section of this metadata document are expanded from previous editions to more fully explain each step and provide additional details on methods for this edition. Beyond the newer input landscape data from LANDFIRE, we also used updated datasets for other inputs such as fire occurrence, observed gridded daily weather, and wind data from weather stations. To better capture recent climate conditions, we also shortened the time period of historical weather records used to inform the generation of simulated weather streams for simulation runs, using the most recent 15 years this time (2006-2020) rather than full record from 1972-2012 in the second edition. See the process steps described in the Data Quality, Lineage section for more details.","keyword":["geoscientificInformation","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Fire","burn probability","flame length","fire intensity","United States","CONUS","Hawaii","Alaska"],"spatial":"-180.00000,18.896159,-65.258792,71.353142","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0034-3","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0034-3","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-09-20"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Global ground-based data and estimates of forest carbon stock and sink from 1990-2020","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0051","description":"Carbon dioxide uptake by terrestrial ecosystems is critical for moderating climate change but the processes involved are challenging to observe, quantify and model. To provide an independent, ground-based assessment of the contribution of forests to terrestrial uptake, we synthesized the best available in situ forest data from boreal, temperate and tropical biomes spanning three decades. This data publication includes regional and country-level estimates of forest areas, carbon stocks and carbon sinks from 1990 to 2020. Data are based on ground measurements of trees from different forests worldwide and specifically include forest areas, forest carbon stocks, forest carbon stock changes of all global forest biomes (including components of living biomass, deadwood, litter, soil and harvested wood product) and formulas used for synthesizing and calculating the data which can be used for reproducing analysis results and graphics. This data publication also provides raw forest inventory data for Sweden, Norway and Finland from 1960 to 2020 which includes total area, increment, growing stock, harvested, harvested residues, and total decrement for all forest land and productive forest lands. Information for all data sources is also included.The purpose of this study was to estimate global forest carbon stocks and sink, while providing critical information for global efforts achieving carbon neutrality.For more information about this study, data, and analysis results, see Pan et al. (2024).","keyword":["environment","Climate change","Carbon","Natural Resource Management & Use","Timber","global forest carbon sinks","regional carbon changes over decades","tropical deforestation","forest carbon management","disturbance management","global"],"spatial":"180.00000,-90.00000,-180.00000,90.00000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0051","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0051","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-05-30"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Harvey Monroe Hall Research Natural Area trail monitoring study: 1993 vegetation and trail conditions","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0052","description":"The Harvey Monroe Hall Research Natural Area (HMHRNA), located in the Inyo National Forest in California, was established in 1933. In 1993, vegetation surveys were used to monitor human impacts on trails using the Limits of Acceptable Change (LAC) protocol. This data publication contains plant inventories and notes regarding trail impacts along 6 transects bisecting trails across 3 drainages in the HMHRNA. Also included are photographs of transect start points, end points, and an overview of each transect. These data were intended to provide a baseline for future comparisons to determine whether human impacts have been increasing, decreasing, or staying the same.The purpose of this study was to apply the LAC system for wilderness planning in the HMHRNA. Vegetation damage along trails was used as the indicator of degree of impact.These data were published on 09\/08\/2023. On 10\/13\/2023, journal article link updated and a bounding coordinate corrected.","keyword":["biota","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","environment","Climate change","Climate change effects","Forest & Plant Health","Botany","Human effects","trail impacts","vegetation","trail monitoring","California","Harvey Monroe Hall Research Natural Area"],"spatial":"-119.32359,37.92872,-119.26870,37.98663","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0052","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0052","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-10-13"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:034"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Data for: Forest management, forest vegetation, and climate influence nesting ecology of a focal bird species in the western USA","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0053","description":"This data publication contains nest survey data for white-headed woodpeckers (Dryobates albolarvatus) from three Collaborative Forest Landscape Restoration Projects (CFLRP) in Oregon (Lakeview Stewardship, Southern Blues Restoration Coalition) and Idaho (Weiser-Little Salmon Headwaters), USA. Data include nest monitoring data that track nest progress of woodpeckers from initiation of egg laying through fledging stages (nest survival) as well as counts of eggs, nestlings, and fledglings (nest productivity). Data also include nest and climate attributes as well as vegetation characteristics surrounding nests for multiple spatial scales (nest tree, 0.4 hectares, 2.25 hectares, 314 hectares) used as predictors of white-headed woodpecker nesting ecology. Nest data range from 2012-2021. An RStudio project folder is also included that contains all data and code in a reproducible format to recreate data cleaning, analyses, and visualizations from the paper.Data were collected as part of the CFLRP Program mandate to monitor the effectiveness of silvicultural treatments. White-headed woodpeckers were selected as the focal species for monitoring.For additional information about this study and these data, see Miller-ter Kuile et al. (2023, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foreco.2023.121443).","keyword":["biota","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Animal ecology","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","Restoration","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Birds","egg production","egg survival","landscape-scale forest restoration","nest initiation","nestling survival","Dryobates albolarvatus","white-headed woodpecker","Collaborative Forest Landscape Restoration Projects","CFLRP","Oregon","Idaho","Fremont-Winema National Forest","Malheur National Forest","Payette National Forest"],"spatial":"-120.25500,42.04200,-116.33900,45.09000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0053","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0053","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-12-01"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:32"],"programCode":["005:051"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Cocos Island brown treesnake invasion baiting and trapping pilot study data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/NWRC-RDS-2023-003","description":"In October of 2020, a new population of invasive brown treesnakes (Boiga irregularis) was discovered on the 33-ha island of Cocos Island, Guam. Trapping and bait fate pilot studies (NWRC QA-3106 and QA-3340) were conducted to evaluate potential eradication tools for this species. These studies sought to evaluate the usefulness of toxic baiting with acetaminophen-treated carrion baits and cage trapping, which are common tools for the control of brown treesnakes on mainland Guam. From December 2020 through April 2021 multiple bait types and bait presentations were used on 9 transects along existing paths and trails, including on the ground, suspended in the canopy emulating aerial bait applications, and in four plastic-tube bait station configurations intended to exclude nontarget species. All baits were monitored weekly with time lapse cameras and the following data recorded for the baiting study: location, type of presentation, bait and dosage of acetaminophen (0 or 80 milligrams), date and time of first bait monitoring image as well as the date and time of the take or ending period, and the species that took the bait. For the pilot trap study we tested two trap types (99 of each) commonly used on Guam and compared trapping success with live versus dead mouse lures. Traps were checked approximately every 2 weeks between June and August 2021 and the following data recorded: trap location, type and condition of lure, nontarget captures found in the traps, trap damage caused by nontarget species, and snake captures (which was only one in this study).Evaluate the utility of trapping and baiting for eradication of a newly-discovered population of invasive brown treesnakes on Cocos Island, Guam.For more information about this study and these data, see Siers et al. (2024).\n\t  \nThese data were originally published on 10\/05\/2023. On 03\/01\/2024, the metadata was updated to include more details for the recently published article.","keyword":["biota","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Forest & Plant Health","Invasive species","trapping","baiting","brown treesnake","brown tree snake","Boiga irregularis","Guam","Cocos Island"],"spatial":"144.644,13.235,144.659,13.243","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/NWRC-RDS-2023-003","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/NWRC-RDS-2023-003","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-03-01"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"2012 Colorado Waldo Canyon fire: post-fire database","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0055","description":"This data publication contains data collected and derived as part of a joint effort conducted by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the United States Forest Service (USFS) to assess the 2012 Colorado Waldo Canyon Fire (Waldo Canyon Fire). NIST and the USFS participated in the effort as part of the NIST\/USFS Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) Fire Exposure Data Collection and Modeling Project. This data publication contains information on primary structures (e.g., damaged residential wood roofs), vegetation, the timeline of burning features, defensive actions, and general fire direction indicators. These data were derived through a combination of field assessments occurring weeks and months after the fire as well as office assessments of ground and aerial images and videos representing pre-fire, active-fire and post-fire conditions.The objective of the WUI Fire Exposure Data Collection and Modeling Project is to develop the measurement science needed to mitigate the effects of WUI fires by providing technical guidance on building components, landscaping elements, and community designs that resist ignition and limit the spread of WUI fires. The project's vision is to address structure and community vulnerabilities to WUI fires by developing fire-resistant design and advanced materials based on reliable post-fire data and incorporating findings into codes, standards, and best practices. Post-fire analysis of WUI fires, such as presented in this data package, provides the knowledge to focus experiments and modeling on critical structure and landscape design and materials vulnerabilities. Standard data collection methodologies will also help generate reliable post-fire data. This data package is intended for examination of certain aspects of the Waldo Canyon Fire, particularly the Mountain Shadows Community affected by the Waldo Fire, initially on June 26, 2012. We also presented this file geodatabase as a flexible framework for storing specific data acquired during post-fire assessments. This file geodatabase provides a data model for storing images and eyewitness accounts of active-fire conditions and relating them to features in space and time.Maranghides et al. (2015) provides an overview of the Waldo Canyon Fire Post-Fire Assessment as well as analysis results. A description of each feature class, table and relationship class present in this geodatabase can be found in \\Supplements\\DatabaseDescriptions.pdf.","keyword":["biota","boundaries","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","environment","geoscientificInformation","planningCadastre","society","structure","transportation","utilitiesCommunication","Climatology","Fire","Fire ecology","Fire suppression, pre-suppression","Wildland\/urban interface","wildland-urban interface","WUI","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","fire perimeter","post-fire assessment","exposure","defensive actions","destroyed structures","damaged structures","fire behavior","wildland fire","2012 Waldo Canyon Post-Fire Assessment","combustibles","linear features","attached features","Colorado","Colorado Springs","El Paso County","Mountain Shadows Community","Perrigrine Community","Cedar Heights Community","Waldo Canyon"],"spatial":"-104.99644,38.82551,-104.78117,39.10797","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0055","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0055","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-12-08"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Macroinvertebrate contributions to wood decomposition as it progresses in the southeastern USA","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0056","description":"This is a collection of data from the southeastern United States on wood mass loss during decomposition with and without the presence of macroinvertebrates. Most observations were calculated from data provided by five different published studies that included data from 2010-2021. These studies examined wood mass loss over various time frames ranging from four months to four years, and they used wood from both native and non-native tree species found in Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Mississippi. Additional data from two unpublished studies conducted by the USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station were also used. Data from the two unpublished studies were collected from Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina from 2017-2021. Data in this package include the name of the study, type of wood species, treatment applied, number of sites, length of time in years that wood was decomposed and how long decomposition was measured, the percentage of mass loss from wood, and the percentage of mass loss attributable to macroinvertebrates.The purpose of collecting these data was to determine the trajectory of the macroinvertebrate contribution to wood decomposition as it progressed.For more information about this study and these data, see Taylor et al. (2024).\n\t  \nThese data were published on 10\/17\/2023. On 02\/14\/2024, the metadata was updated to include complete citation details for Taylor et al. (2024) which was recently published.","keyword":["biota","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Invertebrates","wood decomposition","macroinvertebrates","Mississippi","Georgia","South Carolina","North Carolina","southeastern United States"],"spatial":"-91.08796,30.41837,-79.35016,35.51381","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0056","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0056","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-02-14"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Tree species distributions of northern North America for climate ranging from 20,000 years ago to year 2100","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0057","description":"This data publication contains raster digital files of modeled potential distributions for 120 tree species in northern North America under climate during 1900-1990, 20,000 years ago (ka), 10 ka, 6 ka, and six end-of-century (2071-2100) climate projections under two emission scenarios. Mean accuracies of withheld samples for models, based on climate of 1900 to 1990 and modeled with random forests, were 0.97, with an average of 6.2 variables per model. Annual temperature and temperature of the warmest quarter generally were the most important variables.The purpose of this project was to provide tree distributions under different climates in North America.For more information about these data and this project, see Hanberry (in review).","keyword":["biota","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","Climate change","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Environment and People","Natural Resource Management & Use","species distribution models","climate atlas","North America"],"spatial":"-171.79181,7.21653,-12.20847,83.64986","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0057","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0057","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-10-23"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Biomass and nutritional qualities of six regenerating hardwood species in the Allegheny hardwood forest type","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0058","description":"Herbivores alter plant quantity and quality through direct tissue consumption and indirectly via the structural and chemical allocational strategies plants deploy in response to herbivory. This data publication provides tabular data containing experimental evidence of how white-tailed deer browsing alters their forage resource and, ultimately, their nutritional carrying capacity. Using a large-scale experiment that manipulated deer access (fenced versus unfenced plots), we tested whether browsing altered the nutritional quality and biomass of six regenerating hardwood species (red maple, American beech, birch species, pin cherry, and black cherry), as well as the nutritional carrying capacity using summer (June-August) 2017 data from sixteen sites in early-successional hardwood forests of Pennsylvania, USA. Data include browsable biomass and estimated nutritional carrying capacity (i.e., deer days per hectare) for each site, averaged across these six dominant species as well as for just pin cherry. Also included is browsable biomass for both stem and leaf tissue as well as average nutritional quality data (neutral detergent fiber, dry matter digestibility, and digestible protein) for each of these six dominant species at each site.These data are part of a larger set of sites designed to test how deer browsing affects plant community dynamics and how that impact is modulated by landscape context (Royo et al. 2017). For this study, we focused on 16 sites spanning a wide edaphic gradient to examine how browsing altered the quantity and quality of their forage resource.For more information about this study and these data, see Glover et al. (in review).","keyword":["biota","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Plant ecology","Animal ecology","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Mammals","seedlings","nutrition","browsing","herbivory","white-tailed deer","Odocoileus virginianus","carrying capacity","digestible protein","dry matter digestibility","neutral detergent fiber","Pennsylvania","Allegheny High Plateau Region"],"spatial":"-77.28,41.49,-71.64,41.98","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0058","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0058","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-10-24"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Ohio Hills Fire and Fire Surrogate Study: vegetation, fuels, and fire behavior","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0059","description":"This data publication contains summarized vegetation, fuels, and fire behavior data for the Ohio Hills site of the National Fire and Fire Surrogates Study. This study is in the Southern Unglaciated Allegheny Plateau Section in southeastern Ohio. Treatments at three study sites (blocks) were control (Cont, no active treatment), mechanical partial harvest (Mech), repeated prescribed fires (Fire), and the combination of mechanical partial harvest and repeated prescribed fires (Mech + Fire). For vegetation (overstory, midstory, large tree regeneration, groundlayer), data include pre-treatment values in 2000 as well as post-treatment values in 2017 (groundlayer) and 2021 (overstory, midstory, large tree regeneration). Post-treatment fuels data were collected in 2016. Fire behavior estimates in burn units were averaged across four prescribed fires in 2001, 2005, 2010, and 2016.The objectives of the national study were to determine the effectiveness of fire and fire surrogate (i.e., mechanical thinning) treatments, alone and in combination, to create more open-structured, resilient, and sustainable conditions, and to reduce fire risk. At Ohio Hills, a primary objective was to reverse the process of mesophication which would be characterized by a suite of changes including reduced dominance of mesophytic trees beneath the canopy, an increase in the abundance of large oak-hickory advance regeneration, fuel beds more conducive to prescribed fire, and a more diverse and productive groundlayer flora. In addition, we sought to examine whether treatments reduced the risk of high-severity fire through fuel reduction.For more information about this study and these data, see Hutchinson et al. (in press).","keyword":["biota","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Plant ecology","Fire","Fire ecology","Prescribed fire","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","Restoration","forest management","fire behavior","prescribed fire","mesophication","diversity","regeneration","topography","Quercus","fuels","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","Ohio","Vinton Furnace State Forest","Zaleski State Forest","Tar Hollow State Forest"],"spatial":"-82.77651,39.19543,-82.36135,39.35870","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0059","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0059","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-01-12"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Testimony provided during the Federal Roadless Rulemaking Subsistence Hearings in 2019","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0060","description":"In 2019, as part of developing the Alaska Roadless Rule and as required by Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act (ANILCA), the Forest Service Alaska Region staff gathered 196 oral testimonies in 18 Southeast Alaska communities during a 60-day comment period. Spoken testimony was recorded from 196 speakers and written comments were recorded from one. These testimonies were audio-recorded by Forest Service employees and provided as MP3 audio files. Testimonies were also transcribed by a professional transcriptionist and provided in PDF format. Testimonies are presented by community and by speaker. Also included are supporting documents that provide context and a full hearing schedule.Testimonies were collected as a part of developing the Alaska Roadless Rule, as required by ANILCA.For more information about these testimonies, see Wilmer et al. (2024).\n\t  \nThese data were published on 02\/14\/2024. On 03\/01\/2024, minor metadata changes included an update to the citation for the article related to these data.","keyword":["economy","environment","planningCadastre","society","Environment and People","Natural Resource Management & Use","food security","social-ecological systems","local knowledge","public lands","Alaska","Southeast Alaska","Tongass National Forest"],"spatial":"-139.75003,59.55876,-130.07419,57.04656","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0060","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0060","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-03-01"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Mid-21st century simulated burn probability projections for moist temperate forests of the Pacific Northwest","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0061","description":"Spatial wildfire simulations were conducted for the Westside forests of the Pacific Northwest using the \"Large-Fire Simulator\", FSim, to study potential changes in fire regimes between a contemporary baseline simulation period (1992-2020), and a projected mid-21st century simulation period (2035-2064) based on projected climate change derived from 12 different global climate models (GCMs). Outputs include 270 meter resolution rasters of burn probability (annual chance of a pixel burning), individually for each of 5 Westside pyromes: Olympics and Puget Lowlands; Washington North Cascades; Washington West Cascades; Oregon West Cascades; and Oregon Coast Range. FSim generates tens of thousands of hypothetical fire years (January 1 - December 31) using daily weather generation, fire growth, and fire suppression algorithms to model fire occurrence and spread. Contemporary baseline (1992-2020) FSim runs were conducted using observed weather records from a Remote Automatic Weather Stations (RAWS) in each pyrome over the 1992-2020 period, and future mid-21st century weather was drawn from 12 individual GCM projections of future climate for each pyrome.Simulations were conducted as part of the Pacific Northwest Research Station's Westside Wildfire Research Initiative to better understand how climate change may shift fire regimes in the moist, temperate forests of the Westside, characterized as the land west of the Cascade Crest and north of the Siskiyou Mountains.For a comprehensive description of model calibration, framework, and results, please refer to the companion journal article (Dye et al. 2024).\n\t  \nData were published on 02\/09\/2024. Minor metadata updates were made on 06\/05\/2024.","keyword":["geoscientificInformation","environment","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","Climate change","Climate change effects","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Ecology","Geography","Landscape ecology","Fire","Fire ecology","Fire effects on environment","fire modeling","FSim","burn probability","moist temperate forests","Oregon","Washington","Pacific Northwest","Westside"],"spatial":"-125.10000,41.90000,-119.70000,49.50000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0061","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0061","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-06-05"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Vegetation monitoring in the Harvey Monroe Hall Research Natural Area: 1993 baseline data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0062","description":"This data publication contains tree and plant inventories for 27 transects within 9 vegetation community types in the Harvey Monroe Hall Research Natural Area (HMHRNA), located in the Inyo National Forest in California. Data were collected in the summer of 1993. Also included in this package are photographs of the transect starting points, end points and an overview of each transect.The HMHRNA, adjacent to Yosemite National Park's eastern boundary north of Tioga Pass, contains 3,883 acres of relatively undisturbed sub alpine and alpine habitats, including alpine meadows and sub alpine forest, the target ecosystems for which the region was designated. The object of the present vegetation monitoring effort was to establish baseline data on location, as well as species composition and frequency, of different vegetation communities within the RNA, in order to be able to investigate vegetation changes over time, due to direct human impacts or large-scale perturbations such as climate change.","keyword":["biota","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","environment","Climate change","Climate change effects","Forest & Plant Health","Botany","Human effects","vegetation","California","Harvey Monroe Hall Research Natural Area"],"spatial":"-119.32359,37.92872,-119.26870,37.98663","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0062","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0062","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-11-02"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Vegetation and fuels data from the Fire & Fire Surrogate Study in western Montana: 20-year summary","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0063","description":"This data publication contains vegetation and fuels measurements from 2001-2022 at the Lubrecht Fire & Fire Surrogate Study Site, which was established in 2000 and includes four treatments: an untreated control, prescribed burn, a thinning, and a thinning followed by prescribed burn. This study site is located at the University of Montana's Lubrecht Experimental Forest in western Montana, approximately 50 kilometers east of Missoula. Data span 20 years from pre-treatment in 2001 through 2022, 20 years post-treatment. The publication includes six tabular data sets (comma-separated values (CSV) files): 1) tree level data (\u2265 10.16 centimeter (cm) diameter at breast height (DBH), 2) plot level sapling density by species and diameter class, 3) plot level seedling density by species and height class, 4) plot level understory vegetation cover, 5) plot level fuel loading, and 6) plot level aboveground carbon stocks and potential fire severity (i.e., predicted tree mortality if a fire occurs).The purpose of this study was to examine the long-term (15-20 year) treatment effects (i.e., forest vegetation, fuels, potential fire severity, and carbon dynamics) of prescribed fire and mechanical thinning, as a way to reduce high-severity wildfire and restore ponderosa pine forests.For more information about this study and these data, see Hood et al. (2024).\n\t  \nThese data were published on 12\/01\/2023. On 01\/17\/2024, the metadata was updated to include reference to a newly published article.","keyword":["biota","environment","Fire","Fire ecology","Fire suppression, pre-suppression","Prescribed fire","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Assessments","Resource inventory","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","Restoration","vegetation measurements ","fuels measurements","fuel treatments","ponderosa pine","forest restoration","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","Lubrecht Experimental Forest","Montana","Lubrecht Fire-Fire Surrogate Study Site"],"spatial":"-113.46,46.89,-113.40,46.91","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0063","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0063","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-01-17"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:32"],"programCode":["005:051"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Bovine tuberculosis surveillance in white-tailed deer in Alpena County, Michigan and associated landscape covariates","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/NWRC-RDS-2023-004","description":"Multiple surveillance methods were used to determine factors influencing the spread of a low-prevalence disease, bovine tuberculosis (bTB), among white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in a bTB endemic area from 2011 to 2020. Surveillance occurred at the quarter-township (25 square kilometer) level in Alpena County, MI resulting in data for 74 different sites. This data publication includes the number of bTB tests conducted on white-tailed deer in a quarter-section (site) each year and the number of those tests that were positive for bTB. It also includes for each site and year, the estimated number of deer per square mile, proportion of site covered by crops, and the number of days below 0 degrees Celsius. A map showing the location of each site is also provided.Surveillance testing for bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in white-tailed deer is conducted in Michigan to monitor disease prevalence and spatial distribution in the population. These data were fit to a dynamic occupancy model to quantify spatial spread of bTB at the landscape scale.For more information about this study and these data, see Feuka et al. (2024).\n\t  \nThese data were originally published on 12\/15\/2023. On 03\/01\/2024, the metadata was updated to include more details for the recently published article.","keyword":["biota","health","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Mammals","bovine tuberculosis","white-tailed deer","Mycobacterium bovis","Odocoileus virginianus","Michigan","Alpena County"],"spatial":"-83.88973,44.85651,-83.26702,45.20710","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/NWRC-RDS-2023-004","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/NWRC-RDS-2023-004","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-03-01"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Mapped forest resources for Washington and Oregon, from a 1930s survey","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0064","description":"Forest resources in Washington and Oregon were surveyed in the 1930s by employees of the USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Forest Experiment Station. As part of this process, forest cover maps were created on paper at an original scale of 1:253,440. Forest and land cover types recorded include classifications such as: agricultural, balsam fir mountain hemlock, cedar-redwood, deforested burns, Douglas-fir, hardwood, juniper, lodgepole pine, non-forest pine mix, ponderosa pine, recent cutover, spruce-hemlock, subalpine and non-commercial, water, etc. An additional subcategory classification is also provided which gives additional insight into tree size classes for conifers or species group for hardwoods. These forest and land cover types are provided as both a shapefile and geopackage for Washington and Oregon combined.The 1928 McSweeney-McNary Forestry Research Act (P.L. 70-466, 45 Stat. 699-702) directed the Secretary of Agriculture to make and keep current a comprehensive inventory and analysis of the nation's forest resources. The decision was made to begin the nationwide survey with the Douglas-fir region and shortly thereafter to expand to the other forested lands of Washington and Oregon. Surveys were conducted between 1930 and 1936. Results of these surveys were reported in many formats including quarter state maps (4 maps per state) as well as many printed reports.The history of this project and copies of some of the early results as well, were published in Harrington (2003) which included a CD with a digital map (an ArcView GIS shapefile) for all of Washington and Oregon.","keyword":["farming","biota","boundaries","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","forest survey","forest cover maps","Douglas-fir region","ponderosa pine region","Washington","Oregon"],"spatial":"-124.44,42,-116.46,49","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0064","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0064","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-11-15"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Santee Experimental Forest, Watershed 77: streamflow, water chemistry, water table, and weather data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0033-2","description":"This data publication contains streamflow, water chemistry, water table and weather data measured at the Watershed 77 (WS77) on the Santee Experimental Forest near Cordesville, South Carolina from 1964 to 2022. The major treatments imposed on this watershed over its history have been forest thinning and prescribed fire. Watershed 77 also suffered major damage during Hurricane Hugo in September 1989 (as did the control Watershed 80), which is reflected in the measurement periods. Daily streamflow records are provided from 1964-1981, November 1989-2000, and 2003-2022 as well as 10- or 15-minute streamflow from 2003-2022. Approximately weekly water chemistry samples were collected upstream of the Watershed 77 weir from 1976-1982 and 1989-1994. From 2003-2022 stream water samples were collected during periods of active flow by an automated sampler on a flow-proportional basis, and starting in 2006 additional water quality parameters were measured in situ on an approximately weekly basis. Well water levels were monitored manually approximately every two weeks from 1964-1971 (in a network of 24 non-recording wells) and 1992-1995 (in a network of 42 non-recording wells) on Watershed 77. Hourly well water levels were electronically recorded from 2005-2022. Daily precipitation was recorded manually from 1963-1984 at five different gauges near WS77. Daily precipitation was recorded manually at the Met 5 station from 1963-1966 and electronically from 1989-1997. Daily temperatures were recorded at the Met 5 station from 1996-2000. From September 2001 through 2022 hourly air temperature, soil temperature, and rainfall were recorded at the Met 5 station. In 2020 a major new, long-term project was initiated to convert most of the watershed area from an existing loblolly pine to a longleaf pine dominated system. Harvesting operations in each of three treatment areas (Regeneration, Group Selection, and Thinning) began in April 2020 and continued, with lengthy delays resulting from wet site conditions, until November 2021. An initial site preparation prescribed burn was conducted on March 13, 2022.The purpose of Watershed 77, when established in 1963, was to provide a site for research on understanding runoff and evapotranspiration processes and the water balance. Since then, research has been conducted on the effects of management treatments such as thinning and periodic prescribed burns (taking place since 1976) as well as natural disturbances (such as Hurricane Hugo in 1989) on the hydrology, water quality, carbon dynamics, soils and vegetation of low gradient, poorly drained forested watersheds in the South Carolina Coastal Plain. One of the approaches adopted in the new longleaf pine restoration project is to use a paired watershed approach (with Watershed 80 serving as the control watershed) of monitoring to examine the short and long-term effects of the restoration on watershed hydrology and carbon dynamics. This is being backed up by process-based modeling approaches as well.* This metadata applies to the raw data available through the full data publication download. Summary data available through the online query are calculated based on user selections and should be carefully interpreted.\n\t  \nThese data are a newer edition of Amatya and Trettin (2019, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0033). This second edition includes the addition of data from 2020-2022, but it also includes some data corrections. Streamflow measurements from 2003-2020 were recalculated based on a discovery made concerning the added metallic weir plate to the concrete V-notch weir infrastructure likely sometime later in 1991 after Hurricane Hugo in 1989. So this same concern applies to the streamflow data from 1992-2002 also; however, the process to correct these data is very time-consuming and these older data have not yet been corrected so instead have been set to missing. Many days of data from this 1992-2002 (11-year) period were already missing, anyway, for various reasons, including the extreme drought affecting SC between 1999 and 2002. For example, only 2328 days, or some 58% of the possible total days (for the 11-year period), are available. In fact, data from most of 1995, half of 1999, most of 2000 and all of 2001 are missing. This data package will be updated and those corrected values added as soon as they are available (the first edition contains the uncorrected data also from 1992-2002 if it were actually needed for some reason). There were also some corrections to a few water quality measurements because of errors that were discovered in the original data prepared at the Coweeta Analytical Laboratory. Data updates are fully described in the process steps section.   \n\t  \nFor more information about the Santee Experimental Forest go to: https:\/\/www.fs.usda.gov\/research\/srs\/forestsandranges\/locations\/santee","keyword":["climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","environment","inlandWaters","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","forested wetlands","forested watersheds","poorly drained soils","outflow (runoff)","water quality","automated sampler","Manta multiprobe","water table","pressure transducer","WL15","WL16","air temperature","soil temperature","precipitation","Santee Experimental Forest","South Carolina","Coastal Plain","Watershed 77"],"spatial":"-79.78153,33.13284,-79.76300,33.15007","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0033-2","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0033-2","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-01-12"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Forest product market projection data for the Southern Forest Outlook, 2020-2070","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0001","description":"The last decade\u2019s economic, social, and environmental changes have affected the production, consumption, prices, and trade of forest products in the United States, including in the U.S. South. The tabular data included within this publication are projections, 2020-2070, by scenario, quantifying the effects of changes in future societal and biophysical variables on the States of the U.S. South, the country, and the world on the forest sector. Potential changes are modeled with six scenarios that offer alternative trajectories for economic growth, climate warming, technology, and trade openness. Among these are two scenarios exploring (i) the accelerated adoption of mass timber products in construction and (ii) a large, hypothetical increase in trade restrictions. All scenarios are summarized in terms of changes in production, consumption, prices, and trade in forest products. For the U.S. South, projections are reported by Resources Planning Act Region and the two southern subregions (South Central, Southeast) and, for softwood and hardwood industrial roundwood production quantities and prices, softwood and hardwood lumber production quantities, wood pellet production quantities, and jobs for three forest sector North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS) industries, also at the state level. Historical data by product category, 1990-2015, are also provided for context and comparisons. For each state, historical (1999-2019) and projected (2020-2070) data by scenario are provided for annual, Statewide totals of the number of jobs by three industries, including NAICS 113 (Forestry and Logging), NAICS 321 (Wood Product Manufacturing), and NAICS 322 (Paper Manufacturing).The U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service produces a periodic assessment of the conditions and trends of the Nation's renewable resources required by the Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act (RPA) of 1974. The Southern Research Station of the Forest Service has assessed the potential future of the South's forests and forest sector, sometimes based in part on the RPA Assessment system. The Southern Forest Outlook focuses on the future of the region's wildfire, water resources, and forest product markets. The data offered here on the future of markets, by each of six scenarios, processed through the 2020 RPA Assessment's market model, FOROM, in interaction with the RPA Forest Dynamics Model, offering internally consistent projections of markets and forest resources for the South, the United States, and the world to 2070 for 20 wood products and, for this Outlook, jobs in the forest sector. Such data therefore can serve as the information for decision makers in the public and private sectors and researchers.The FOrest Resource Outlook Model (FOROM) is a global recursive dynamic partial equilibrium model of the forest sector that recognizes Resources Planning Act (RPA) Assessment regions as separate producing, consuming, and trading market regions within a complete global market. FOROM is calibrated to a base year and projects future market variables of price, production, consumption, and trade of primary and secondary forest products across various socioeconomic development paths. Further captured in the model are predicted changes in forest area and forest stocks (inventory volumes) by management category. The model also incorporates changes to forest inventory under specifications of productivity changes as driven by climate change and greenhouse gas accumulations. For more information on the model, please refer to Johnston et al. (2021; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/SRS-GTR-254). \n\t  \nTo read the 2020 RPA Assessment chapter on forest products, please refer to Johnston et al. (2023; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/WO-GTR-102-Chap7), and for the projection data on markets, please refer to Johnston et al. (2023; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0073-2).\n\nFor more information about the data included in this package, see Prestemon and Guo (in press).","keyword":["economy","society","Climate change","Climate change effects","Forest Products","Forest products industry","economy","forest product markets","south","national","global","socioeconomic trends","partial equilibrium","spatial equilibrium","production","prices","trade","Resources Planning Act Assessment","RPA Assessment","global","United States","Pacific Coast","Rocky Mountain","North Central","North East","South Central","South East","Alabama","Arkansas","Florida","Georgia","Kentucky","Louisiana","Mississippi","North Carolina","Oklahoma","South Carolina","Tennessee","Texas","Virginia"],"spatial":"180.00000,-90.00000,-180.00000,90.00000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0001","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0001","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-02-08"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Landscape Simulator (LSim) replicate data resulting from leveraging wildfire as a management strategy to restore old growth forest structure while stabilizing carbon stocks in the southwest United States","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0065","description":"Simulation modeling was used to examine long-term tradeoffs of alternative carbon management strategies by combining two wildfire management alternatives with three levels of contemporary forest restoration treatments on a 778,000-hectare landscape over 64 years using data from 2000-2019. Forest Service lands in the study area underwent restoration treatments on 237,218 hectares across the Kaibab and Coconino National Forests. The data within this package were either produced by the Landscape Simulator (LSim) or used to summarize or visualize these data. The foundation of the simulated data is built around forest growth and mortality simulations via the Forest Vegetation Simulator, and wildfire activity via the large Fire Simulator. Simulated data include a temporal accounting of forest stands, alongside the effects of mechanical thinning, prescribed fire, and area burned by wildfire. Data include tree stand characteristics by tree species (trees per acre; basal area, etc.), carbon stocks, and fire-induced mortality. Data needed to summarize the simulated data include stand characteristics and a record of which tree stands were included within our study area. Spatial data included for visualization are planning area polygons and tree stand polygons.To assess tradeoffs and synergies between traditional forest restoration and managing wildfire to meet forest management and carbon objectives.For more information about this study and these data, see Young et al. (2024).","keyword":["environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Landscape ecology","Environment and People","Impact of people on environment","Fire","Fire effects on environment","Fire suppression, pre-suppression","Wildland\/urban interface","fire severity","forest management","landscape simulator","LSim","old growth","patch dynamics","resource objective wildfire","wildfire management","Arizona","Kaibab National Forest","Coconino National Forest"],"spatial":"-112.38600,34.73500,-111.25900,36.03800","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0065","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0065","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-12-19"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Metabolic and physiological responses in the foliage and roots of three coniferous tree species growing along a hydrological gradient in southeast Alaska, USA","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0066","description":"This data publication includes the foliar and corresponding root data from Tsuga heterophylla, Picea sitchensis and Pinus contorta collected from 12 sites across the Douglas Island-Juneau complex in southeast Alaska that represent a hydrological gradient. The foliar and root metabolites are part of a study on the impact of comparative hydrologic conditions on tree response\/adaptation. From September 30 to October 3, 2010, depending upon availability, foliage from up to 12 trees per site for each of the 3 species were randomly sampled from 3 replicate sites of Palustrine Emergent (PEM), Palustrine Scrub-Shrub (PSS), Palustrine Forested (PFO) Wetlands and Forested Uplands (U) (as defined by the National Wetlands Inventory); together these sites constitute a continuum of conditions associated with each wetland designation. Our goal was to sample, where possible, at least five taller trees (heights varied by species and site) for foliage only, and both foliage and roots from at least 3 relatively shorter trees for the ease of collecting fine roots. Foliar and root data presented here include free polyamines, free amino acids, and soluble ions analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrophotometer (ICP-OES). Site characteristics are also provided.This was a comparative study to evaluate the effects of site and soil chemistry across a hydrologic gradient (Palustrine Emergent Wetland to Forested Upland) on the metabolic changes in the foliage and roots of Western hemlock, Sitka spruce, and Shore pine. These data could be used to examine the possible implications of shifts in metabolism in these 3 tree species in response to changes in wetland type. These data would make the basis for observing future changes in the metabolic profiles of these trees growing in wetlands in response to changing climatic conditions.For additional information regarding site characteristics data, see Bisbing et al. (2016) and Bisbing and D'Amore (2018). (Data are provided in this package with permission of the authors.)","keyword":["biota","environment","inlandWaters","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Ecology","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","Plant ecology","Forest & Plant Health","Botany","polyamines","amino acids","exchangeable ions","foliar physiology","metabolism","nutrients","Tsuga heterophylla","western hemlock","Picea sitchensis","Sitka spruce","Pinus contorta","shore pine","Alaska","Borough of Juneau","Juneau","Douglas Island"],"spatial":"-134.81861,58.26144,-134.32890,58.52952","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0066","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0066","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-12-04"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Daily streamflow data for gauged watersheds at Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, North Carolina","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0025-2","description":"These data include daily streamflow data for 15 experimental treatment and reference watersheds at Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory in Macon County, North Carolina, USA. The station is operated by the USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station. Data include streamflow for the following stream gages and water years: WS01 (1935-2022), WS02(1936-2022), WS06 (1938-2022), WS07 (1965-2022), WS08 (1935-2022), WS13 (1937-2022), WS14 (1937-2022), WS17 (1937-2022), WS18 (1937-2021), WS27 (1947-2021), WS31 (1981-2022), WS32 (1942-2022), WS34 (1955-2022), WS36 (1943-2022), and WS37 (1942-2022).The Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory was established in 1934 and is world-renowned for its research in forest hydrology. Coweeta was established to determine the fundamental effects of forest management on soil and water resources and to serve as a testing ground for theories in forest hydrology. To facilitate this, a network of high- and low- elevation experimental watersheds were established across the site. Streamflow from watersheds is gaged with 90-degree or 120-degree V-notch weirs every five minutes. Approximately half of the watersheds serve as \u201creferences\u201d with no purposeful disturbance, while the other watersheds serve as \u201cexperimental\u201d and have undergone land management treatments.The first edition of these data (Miniat et al. 2016; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0025) included streamflow for four Coweeta watersheds (WS07, WS14, WS18, and WS27) up through 2021. This second edition includes data for 11 additional watersheds and provides data up through 2022. There were also some minor changes made to the data files in this newer edition, which are described in detail in the process steps section below. \n\t  \nFor more information about Coweeta: https:\/\/www.fs.usda.gov\/research\/srs\/forestsandranges\/locations\/coweeta.","keyword":["environment","inlandWaters","Climate change","Climate change effects","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","Natural Resource Management & Use","Water","streamflow","hydrology","forested watershed","Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory","North Carolina","Macon County","southern Appalachians"],"spatial":"-83.47845,35.02734,-83.42166,35.07382","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0025-2","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2016-0025-2","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-12-18"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Wildfire Hazard Potential for the United States (270-m), version 2023","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0047-4","description":"This dataset is the 2023 version of wildfire hazard potential (WHP) for the United States. The files included in this data publication represent an update to any previous versions of WHP or wildland fire potential (WFP) published by the USDA Forest Service. WHP is an index that quantifies the relative potential for high-intensity wildfire that may be difficult to manage, used as a measure to help prioritize where fuel treatments may be needed.\n\nThis 2023 version of WHP was created from updated national wildfire hazard datasets of annual burn probability and fire intensity generated by the USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station with the large fire simulation system (FSim). Vegetation and wildland fuels data from LANDFIRE 2020 (version 2.2.0) were the primary inputs to the updated FSim modeling work and therefore form the foundation for this version of the WHP. As such, the data presented here reflect landscape conditions as of the end of 2020. LANDFIRE 2020 vegetation and fuels data were also used directly in the WHP mapping process, along with updated point locations of fire occurrence ca. 1992-2020. With these datasets as inputs, we produced an index of WHP for all of the conterminous United States at 270-meter resolution. We present the final WHP map in two forms: 1) continuous integer values, and 2) five WHP classes of very low, low, moderate, high, and very high. On its own, WHP is not an explicit map of wildfire threat or risk, but when paired with spatial data depicting highly valued resources and assets such as structures or powerlines, it can approximate relative wildfire risk to those specific resources and assets. WHP is also not a forecast or wildfire outlook for any particular season, as it does not include any information on current or forecasted weather or fuel moisture conditions. It is instead intended for long-term strategic fuels management.Federal wildfire managers often want to know, over large landscapes, where wildfires are likely to occur and how intense they may be. To meet this need we developed a map that we call wildfire hazard potential (WHP) - a raster geospatial product that can help to inform evaluations of wildfire risk or prioritization of fuels management needs across very large spatial scales (millions of acres). Our specific objective with the WHP map was to depict the relative potential for wildfire that would be difficult for suppression resources to contain.This data publication is a fourth edition, which was published on 12\/21\/2023. Previous versions of this publication prior to 2014 were known as Wildland Fire Potential (WFP). These new data represent an update to all previous versions of WHP or WFP published by the USDA Forest Service. On 07\/17\/2024 this data package was updated to correct a data processing error that caused a very small number of pixels to be Nodata in the initial classified version that should have been Very High WHP. This update also included the addition of summaries tables by management jurisdictions.\n\t  \nTo check for the latest version of the WHP geospatial data and map graphics, as well as documentation on the mapping process, see: https:\/\/www.firelab.org\/project\/wildfire-hazard- potential.\n\nDetails about the Wildfire Hazard Potential mapping process can be found in Dillon et al. (2015). Steps described in this paper about weighting for crown fire potential were dropped in the 2018 and subsequent versions due to changes to the FSim modeling products used as the primary inputs to WHP mapping.\n\nSpecific versions of the national wildfire hazard data simulated with FSim, LANDFIRE datasets, and fire occurrence data are listed in the Data Quality Information section of this document.","keyword":["environment","geoscientificInformation","society","structure","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Fire","Fire detection","Fire ecology","Fire effects on environment","Fire suppression, pre-suppression","Prescribed fire","Environment and People","Forest management","Landscape management","burn probability","hazard","fuels management","fire suppression","fire likelihood","fire planning","risk assessment","wildfire hazard potential","United States","conterminous United States","CONUS","Alaska","Hawaii"],"landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0047-4","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2015-0047-4","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-07-17"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Tree ring widths and multi-objective trade-offs in western Oregon mature stands","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0002","description":"This data publication includes raw tree ring width measurements (1980 - 2016) for 1405 trees included in an analysis of forest management effects on drought resistance and resilience in 24 mature stands in western Oregon, and absolute benefit scores across nine management objective metrics for 18 mature stands in western Oregon. The 18 stands included in the absolute benefit scores are a subset of those measured for the tree ring data, and represent unmanaged, thinned and retention harvest management conditions.Tree ring data were collected to evaluate the effects of management on tree-scale resistance and resilience to the 2001 drought. Absolute benefit scores were calculated to evaluate trade-offs between forest carbon storage, drought adaptation, structural complexity and conservation of early- and late-successional forest birds, and the effect of management on these trade-offs.The absolute benefit scores in this publication were developed in the companion studies: Williams and Powers (2019; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ecs2.2830), Williams and Powers (2019; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foreco.2018.10.002), Williams et al. (2021, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foreco.2021.119609). For additional information about this study and these data, see Williams and Powers (2024).\n\t  \nThese data were published on 01\/24\/2024. Minor metadata updates were made On 04\/18\/2024.","keyword":["biota","environment","Climate change","Carbon","Ecological adaptation","Forest & Plant Health","Climate effects","Natural Resource Management & Use","Conservation","Ecosystem services","Forest management","biodiversity conservation","climate change adaptation","climate change mitigation","drought resilience","forest birds","management objectives","mature forest","structural complexity","thinning","trade-offs","variable retention harvest","Oregon","McDonald-Dunn Research Forest","Willamette National Forest","Bureau of Land Management","Pacific Northwest"],"spatial":"-123.65500,43.28600,-122.00300,44.95600","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0002","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0002","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-04-18"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Nonstructural carbohydrates and tree data after a spring prescribed fire in Montana","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0003","description":"This data publication contains tree and nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) (soluble sugars, starch) data from an investigation of how fire affects NSCs based on fire-caused injury from a prescribed fire in a young ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Lawson & C. Lawson var. ponderosa C. Lawson) stand in 2021-2022 at the University of Montana's Experimental Bandy Ranch and adjacent Blackfoot-Clearwater Wildlife Management Area. The study included 21 trees within the burn unit and 9 within the unburned control unit. Measurements were recorded pre-fire and at six timesteps post-fire (4 days to 16 months). Tree attribute and status data are provided for all 30 trees and include measurements such as crown injury (crown scorch and bud kill), diameter at breast height, tree height, bark thickness, and tree status (live or dead) at each timestep. A second data file includes measured NSCs of needles and inner bark (i.e., secondary phloem) of both branches and main stems of each tree.The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between fire injury (crown volume scorched, bud kill) and levels of nonstructural carbohydrates (NSCs) in ponderosa pine after a spring 2021 prescribed fire, and to determine the impacts of fire on NSCs more generally by comparing trees burned in a spring 2021 prescribed fire to unburned control trees at an adjacent site.For more information about this study and these data, see Reed and Hood (2024).","keyword":["biota","environment","Fire","Fire ecology","Prescribed fire","Fire effects on environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Plant ecology","fire-caused injury","inner bark","phloem","Pinus ponderosa","ponderosa pine","Montana","Blackfoot valley","Bandy Ranch"],"spatial":"-113.29000,47.05000,-113.27000,47.07000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0003","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0003","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-03-18"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Fuelscape datasets for wildfire risk assessment in the sagebrush biome (270m)","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0004","description":"The foundation of quantitative wildfire hazard or risk assessment is a current-condition fuelscape (i.e., fuel and terrain layers), ideally updated to account for recent disturbances and calibrated to reflect the fire behavior potential observed in recent historical wildfire events. This data publication provides the fuelscape generated for a wildfire risk assessment focused on the sagebrush biome of the western United States (US). The data depict ca. 2020 fuel conditions, after customization, to better reflect expected fire behavior in sagebrush ecosystems, including influences from exotic annual grass (e.g., cheatgrass) invasion and conifer (e.g., pinyon, juniper) encroachment. These data are presented as used for biome-wide geospatial fire modeling at a 270-meter resolution. The work was conducted using simulation units called \u201cpyromes,\u201d which represent areas of relatively homogenous contemporary fire regimes. The sagebrush biome is represented by 31 pyromes, covering about 450 million acres in total area. Fuelscapes for the 31 pyromes are included in this data product as separate multiband GeoTIFFs. The bands of each GeoTIFF store eight layers of data that describe terrain (aspect, elevation, slope), tree canopy (cover, height, base height, bulk density), and surface fuel (FBFM40). These data form the Landscape (LCP) file commonly used by US wildland fire behavior modeling systems (e.g., FlamMap, FSPro, FSim). Each fuelscape dataset includes a 30-kilometer buffer to avoid truncating the simulated fires at pyrome boundaries. A shapefile and geopackage containing the boundaries and size of each pyrome are also included.In the western United States, hundreds of thousands of acres of highly imperiled sagebrush ecosystems are lost or degraded each year as a result of altered wildfire regimes. In response to these wildfire threats, extensive fuel treatment investments have been proposed throughout the region. Regional-scale assessment of wildfire risk offers a consistent means of evaluating threats to valued resources and assets, thereby facilitating the most cost-effective investments in management activities that can mitigate those risks. We used a large-fire simulation system (FSim) to estimate the probabilistic components of wildfire risk across the sagebrush biome, which includes portions of 13 western states. This publication includes the customized fuelscape data used for that fire-modeling work.","keyword":["geoscientificInformation","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Fire","fuelscape","fire behavior ","fuel model","sagebrush biome","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","western United States","Washington","Oregon","California","Idaho","Montana","North Dakota","South Dakota","Wyoming","Colorado","Utah","Nevada","Arizona","New Mexico"],"spatial":"-125.85798,34.18439,-100.12020,48.08128","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0004","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0004","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-03-13"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Rattlesnake National Recreation Area and Wilderness (RNRAW): Visitor survey data from 2022-2023","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0005","description":"These data describe a visitor use assessment administered May 2022 through February 2023 in the Rattlesnake National Recreation Area and Wilderness (RNRAW) and City of Missoula Conservation Lands in Missoula, Montana. A visitor survey and GPS tracking were used to spatially quantify visitor flows and components of the visitor experience. The visitor survey included questions about trip characteristics, respondents\u2019 demographics, activity type, environmental and social perceptions, and opinions regarding policy and management issues. GPS data summarized visitors\u2019 total distance of travel, mean speed, and duration of visit.This study was designed to provide comprehensive assessment of visitor use in the Rattlesnake National Recreation Area and Wilderness and proximate wildlands for use in addressing management challenges arising from increased use, including increased recreation density, parking scarcity and pedestrian safety concerns. The study also explored factors related to users\u2019 level of place attachment and activity involvement theories.For more information about this assessment and these data, see Rice and Armatas (2024a, 2024b) and Thomas et al. (2024).","keyword":["boundaries","location","society","planningCadastre","Environment and People","Recreation","Quality of life","Social values, ethics","LAC","limits of acceptable change","national forest planning","nature-based recreation","place attachment","visitor use management","visitor experience","wilderness visitor use","Montana","Missoula County","Rattlesnake National Recreation Area","Rattlesnake Wilderness","Lolo National Forest"],"spatial":"-114.03929,46.89829,-113.73399,47.10660","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0005","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0005","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-12-06"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Ensemble model and input model rasters for soil organic carbon stock mean and uncertainties for Alaska, British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, California, and Hawai'i","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0009","description":"This data publication contains products of the USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station (PNW) Carbon Science Synthesis project as part of the Carbon Dynamics Initiative. The geographic area of interest for the work includes all ecoregions in Alaska, British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, California, and Hawai'i. The raster files (GeoTiffs) included in this publication represent baseline estimates of soil organic carbon (SOC) derived from available databases for two standard depth ranges (0-30 and 0-100 centimeters) and represent the time period 2008-2021. This publication includes both the input and output files for this project. Input files include the collected SOC model estimates, from 11 different sources, that were used to develop ensemble model estimates. Output files include the SOC stock average estimates (megagrams of carbon per hectare [Mg C\/ha]), estimates of uncertainty in the form of standard deviation of input model estimates (Mg C\/ha), and estimates of data intensity (number of estimates per pixel). Mean SOC, deviation of model inputs, and intensity values are from input models that were not correlated to each other within a given ecoregion. Correlations were systematically tested for each model compared to all other models in a pairwise process. For correlations between model pairs, the overlapping estimates from input models with the coarsest spatial scale, or smallest coverage area were removed.Data were collected to develop baseline estimates for SOC and associated uncertainties across the ecoregions of Alaska, British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, California and Hawai'i to aid in the goal of the Carbon Science Synthesis project to determine the magnitude and distribution of carbon pools across our area of interest.","keyword":["environment","geoscientificInformation","Climate change","Carbon","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Soil","soil organic carbon stock","model uncertainty","ensemble models","Alaska","British Columbia","California","Hawai'i","Hawaii","Oregon","Washington"],"spatial":"-118.00000,18.60000,-113.80000,71.70000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0009","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0009","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-04-29"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Glacier Lakes Ecosystem Experiments Site (GLEES) Brooklyn tower historical meteorology data, 1987-1998","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0010","description":"This data publication contains Brooklyn Lake meteorological tower data collected from 1987-1998 at the Glacier Lakes Ecosystem Experiments Site (GLEES), in the Snowy Range near Centennial, Wyoming. These data were recompiled from previously-unreported internal records stored as ASCII text, spreadsheets, physical data sheets, and physical data charts. To reconstitute the most complete possible record of meteorogolical data at the Brooklyn Lake tower, we standardized units and time codes, digitized the physical formats, and selected the best possible record where overlap among data formats existed. The resulting measured variables include air temperature, soil temperature, wind speed, wind direction, ozone concentration, relative humidity, wetness, dryness, precipitation, and shortwave, longwave, and net radiation at a mixture of hourly and half-hourly intervals.These data were collected to provide ambient meteorological data and to support eddy covariance flux measurements and other track gas fluxes collected at the GLEES Brooklyn Lake tower. This study was conducted from 1987-1998, after which all equipment was removed from the tower. A similar study was redeployed on the same tower from 1999-2006 with that data registered as the US-GBT AmeriFlux site (ameriflux.org). Those data have been combined with data from the newer (2004-present) nearby scaffold to constitute the US-GLE AmeriFlux site.","keyword":["meteorology","subalpine","Climate change","Climatology","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Glacier Lakes Ecosystem Experiments Site","GLEES","Wyoming","Snowy Range","Glacier Lakes"],"spatial":"-106.25977,41.36578,-106.23968,41.37618","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0010","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0010","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-01-08"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Radiocarbon ages of macroscopic charcoal fragments found in Hawaiian drylands","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0011","description":"This data publication contains radiocarbon ages (RCA) of charcoal fragments obtained from five soil pits excavated to a depth of \u2264 1.5 meters on the leeward flanks of Mauna Loa and Mauna Kea on the Island of Hawaii. Fragments were collected and radiocarbon-dated between 2012 and 2015. RCA of fragments ranged from less than 200 years RCA (2 pieces) to 7,730 years RCA (1 piece), with 13 pieces greater than 1,500 years RCA. We also obtained genus identities for four macroscopic charcoal fragments. Data also include measurements such as charcoal weight, depth below the surface, \u0394\u00b9\u00b3C, \u0394\u00b9\u2074C, and \u0394\u00b9\u2074C age. These findings indicate the existence of fires before humans are known to have occupied the Hawaiian archipelago and contributes to our understanding of prehistoric fires in shaping primary succession in Hawaiian drylands.Primary succession in forests is characterized by stages of ecosystem development and decline, whereby systems accumulate biomass and vertical stature early in primary succession, but then enter a stage of long-term decline during which biomass and vertical stature are lost. The most typical cause of these changes is persistent phosphorus (P) limitation that occurs with substrate aging. Available P increases soon after the formation of parent material due to geochemical weathering, but later becomes limiting and decreases when demand and losses due to leaching outstrip supply. However, few studies of primary succession and ecosystem development have been conducted in drylands\u2013those receiving < 500 millimeters (mm) of precipitation annually. Unlike wet systems, dryland ecosystems are likely to increase in vulnerability to fire over the course of primary succession. We know fires have well-known impacts on ecosystems that are associated with successional changes, but our understanding of primary succession in dryland ecosystems is limited, because weathering is slow and the impact of fire across scales of space and time is difficult to quantify. \n\nWe used measurements from airborne imaging spectroscopy and LiDAR to characterize changes in the structure and composition of vegetation on a volcanic substrate-age gradient on the leeward flanks of Mauna Loa and Mauna Kea on the Island of Hawaii. We show a progressive increase in the vertical stature of vegetation on younger substrates where the lateral distribution of vegetation is sparse followed by a collapse in vertical stature on Pleistocene-aged flows where the lateral distribution of vegetation is dense. We then ask whether histories of fire frequency inferred using radiocarbon dates of macroscopic charcoal excavated from these sites implicate prehistoric and pre-human fires in the pathway of primary succession.For more information about these data, see Kinney et al. (2015).","keyword":["geoscientificInformation","environment","Fire","Fire effects on environment","prehistoric fire","primary succession","drylands","radiocarbon dating","Hawaii","Hawai\u2018i","P\u014dhakuloa Training Area"],"spatial":"-160.20774,18.92159,-154.95117,22.22917","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0011","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0011","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-01-09"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Data and replication code for analyzing the variation in urban tree canopy and air temperature reduction in New Haven, Connecticut, 2019 - 2021","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0012","description":"Urban trees mitigate urban heat, and impervious surfaces increase air temperatures. But the relationships between land cover (tree canopy and impervious) and air temperature changes throughout the day. The tabular data included in this data publication are used to estimate those changing relationships, while controlling for cloud condition, elevation, location, trip, and wind speed per direction. Data were collected by a study coauthor, a university professor, a university staff member, and a group of incoming masters students using bicycle-mounted air temperature sensors in New Haven, Connecticut. The final dataset includes 156 rides taken between June 15 and September 15 in years 2019, 2020, and 2021. Measurements include the time of day, temperature anomaly (which is the outcome of interest; the temperature recorded via bicycle minus a suburban reference station at the same time), tree canopy and impervious cover percentages summarized with multiple buffer sizes ranging from 10 to 90 meters, cloudiness, elevation, and the wind speed and direction from a reference station. Also included in this package is the R code used to analyze these data.The goal of this study was to answer the research questions, 1) what are the relationships between air temperature and landcover, and how do they change throughout the day with varied cloud conditions? and 2) how do those landcover-air temperature relationships vary or not among the hottest 25th percentile days?For more information about this study and these data, see Locke et al. (2024; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e25041).","keyword":["climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","elevation","environment","structure","transportation","Climate change","Climatology","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Geography","Environment and People","Impact of people on environment","Urban natural resources management","Urban Heat Island","mobile sampling","distributed network","air temperature","bicycles","tree canopy","Connecticut","New Haven"],"spatial":"-72.97030,41.29718,-72.88724,41.42053","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0012","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0012","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-02-16"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Dominant sagebrush associations of the Snake River Plain, Northwestern Basin and Range, and Central Basin and Range level III ecoregions in the western United States","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0006","description":"This data publication contains raster spatial data (GeoTIFF) of the dominant sagebrush association in the Great Basin region of the western United States, which includes portions of Nevada, Idaho, Oregon, and Utah. These data were created by 1) overlaying LANDFIRE Existing Vegetation Type, Biophysical Setting, and Mapping Zone data layers; 2) extracting vegetation plot data from the LANDFIRE 2016 LF Reference Database for each combination; and 3) identifying the associated sagebrush, grass, shrub, and tree species. These data represent conditions from 2016-2022.In sagebrush ecosystems the responses to fuel treatments are highly dependent on the predominant vegetation types as well as their resilience to wildfire and fuel treatments (resilience) and resistance to invasive annual grasses (resistance). New ecologically relevant and climate sensitive indicators of resilience and resistance based on climate and water availability have been developed recently. However, information is also needed on the locations and extents of the dominant sagebrush associations, persistent woodlands (PJ; pinyon and\/or juniper), and the different phases (successional stages) of PJ expansion into the shrublands. This data layer provides the locations and extents of the dominant sagebrush associations.For more information about these data and this study, see Chambers et al. (2023; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s42408-023-00230-2).","keyword":["environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Landscape ecology","Fire","Fire effects on environment","Fire ecology","Forest & Plant Health","Climate effects","Invasive species","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Resource inventory","Natural Resource Management & Use","sagebrush","fuel treatments","ecological resilience","resistance to invasion","vegetation type","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","Great Basin","Nevada","Idaho","Oregon","Utah","Northern Basin and Range","Central Basin and Range","Snake River Plain"],"spatial":"-122.005965,36.148687,-109.751372,45.519785","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0006","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0006","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-01-18"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Pinyon and juniper expansion areas and persistent woodlands in the Snake River Plain, Northern Basin and Range, and Central Basin and Range level III ecoregions in the western United States","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0007","description":"This data publication contains raster spatial data (GeoTIFF) representing areas of pinyon-juniper (PJ) expansion into sagebrush ecosystems and persistent woodland and expansion within the Great Basin region of the western United States, which includes portions of Nevada, Idaho, Oregon, and Utah. To determine areas for potential fuel treatments, we overlayed PJ cover onto the dominant sagebrush associations. We used the Rangeland Analysis Platform to identify three phases (I, II, and III) or successional stages of PJ expansion based on the amount of tree cover expected for the different sagebrush associations. Because fuel treatments are conducted primarily in the early phases (Phase I and II successional stages) of tree expansion, it is important to designate these phases on the landscape. To characterize the persistent woodlands, we identified the LANDFIRE Biophysical Settings (BPS) categories that represented persistent pinyon and juniper (PJ; Pinus monophylla, Juniperus occidentalis and\/or J. osteosperma) woodlands within the dominant sagebrush associations. These areas are considered high value resources and are excluded from fuel treatments. The data for PJ expansion areas and persistent woodlands represent conditions from 2016-2022.In sagebrush ecosystems the responses to woody fuel treatments are highly dependent on the dominant sagebrush association, the presence of pinyon-juniper expansion, and as their resilience to wildfire and fuel treatments (resilience) and resistance to invasive annual grasses (resistance). New ecologically relevant and climate sensitive indicators of resilience and resistance based on climate and water availability have been developed recently. However, information is also needed on the locations and extents of the dominant sagebrush associations, the different phases (successional stages) of pinyon-juniper (PJ) expansion into the shrublands, if any, and the extent of persistent pinyon-juniper (PJ) woodlands. This data layer provides the locations and extents of PJ expansion areas and persistent PJ woodlands within the dominant sagebrush associations.For more information about these data and this study, see Chambers et al. (2023; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s42408-023-00230-2).","keyword":["environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Landscape ecology","Fire","Fire effects on environment","Fire ecology","Forest & Plant Health","Climate effects","Invasive species","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Resource inventory","Natural Resource Management & Use","woody fuel treatments","ecological resilience","resistance to invasion","treatment durability","pinyon-juniper expansion","persistent woodlands","Fuel Treatment Response Groups","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","Great Basin","Nevada","Oregon","Idaho","Utah","Northern Basin and Range","Central Basin and Range","Snake River Plain"],"spatial":"-122.005965,36.148687,-109.751372,45.519785","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0007","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0007","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-01-18"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Treatment Response Groups (TRGs) for use in landscape-scale assessments of fuel treatment types and locations in the Snake River Plain, Northern Basin and Range, and Central Basin and Range level III ecoregions in the western United States","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0008","description":"This data publication contains raster spatial data (GeoTIFF) representing Treatment Response Groups (TRGs) - sagebrush and pinyon-juniper (PJ) vegetation associations that differ in resilience and resistance and thus responses to fuel treatments - for use in landscape-scale assessments  of fuel treatment types and locations in the Snake River Plain, Northern Basin and Range, and Central Basin and Range level III ecoregions in the Great Basin region of the western United States, which includes portions of Nevada, Idaho, Oregon, and Utah. We aggregated the base set of TRGs into TRG combinations with varying responses to woody fuel treatments based on the dominant sagebrush association, the presence ofpinyon-juniper expansion into the sagebrush associations, resilience to disturbance, and resistance to the invasive annual grass, cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum). We assigned fuel treatments to each TRG based on a review of post-treatment fire behavior and ecological responses. These data represent conditions from 2016-2022.In sagebrush ecosystems the responses to woody fuel treatments are highly dependent on the dominant sagebrush association, the presence of pinyon-juniper expansion, and their resilience to wildfire and fuel treatments (resilience) and resistance to invasive annual grasses (resistance). New ecologically relevant and climate sensitive indicators of resilience and resistance based on climate and water availability have been developed recently. However, information is also needed on the locations and extents of the dominant sagebrush associations, the different phases (successional stages) of pinyon-juniper expansion into the shrublands, if any, and the extent of persistent pinyon-juniper woodlands.For more information about these data and this study, see Chambers et al. (2023; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s42408-023-00230-2).","keyword":["environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Landscape ecology","Fire","Fire effects on environment","Fire ecology","Forest & Plant Health","Climate effects","Invasive species","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Resource inventory","Natural Resource Management & Use","woody fuel treatments","ecological resilience","resistance to invasion","treatment durability","pinyon-juniper expansion","persistent woodlands","Fuel Treatment Response Groups","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","Great Basin","Nevada","Oregon","Idaho","Utah","Northern Basin and Range","Central Basin and Range","Snake River Plain"],"spatial":"-122.005965,36.148687,-109.751711,45.519742","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0008","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0008","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-01-18"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Effects of elevation on foliar and sapwood metabolites in sugar maple and yellow birch from two locations within the Neversink River Basin in the Catskill Mountains, NY","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0013","description":"This data publication contains tabular foliar and sapwood data from Acer saccharum Marsh. and Betula alleghaniensis Britton collected from two locations within the Neversink River Basin in the Catskill Mountains, NY. These data were collected as part of a study on the impacts of an elevational gradient of acidic deposition on tree health. This study includes four plots in the Dry Creek watershed in successive years 2000, 2003 and 2005, and three plots in the Fall Brook area in 2001; plots comprise a natural elevation gradient of acidic deposition for both locations. Dry Creek is located on the southeast side, and Fall Brook on the northwest side of the West Branch of the Neversink River in the Catskill Mountains of southeastern New York. At the Dry Creek location, data were collected July-August of 2000, 2003, and 2005, and included foliage from 10-25 (depending upon availability) randomly selected sugar maple (SM), and yellow birch (YB) from plots ranging in elevation from Low (2245 feet [ft]), Mid (2450 ft), Upper (2600 ft) and Ridge Top (2725 ft). Together these plots covered an elevation gradient of approximately 500 feet. Small sapwood plugs were also collected from Low and Ridge Top plots from 10 corresponding trees of YB in 2003 and 2005 and from SM only in 2005. At the Fall Brook location, data were collected in August of 2001 and included foliage from 15 randomly selected SM, and YB were collected from plots ranging in elevation from Low (2500 ft), Mid (2650 ft), and Upper (2825 ft); together these plots cover an elevation gradient of approximately 325 feet. Small sapwood plugs were also collected from three corresponding trees of SM and YB at Low, and four trees of each species at the Upper elevation. Foliage from 10 randomly selected Prunus serotina Ehrh. (Black cherry, BC) were also collected for a possible comparison of species. Data for both locations include free polyamines, free amino acids, and soluble ions. Foliar data also include chlorophyll and soluble protein content. Samples were analyzed using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrophotometer (ICP-OES), and spectrophotometry.The Neversink River is a main tributary of the Delaware River, a major river in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States, and feeds into the Neversink Reservoir which supplies drinking water to New York City. It flows through the Catskill Mountains, and this heavily forested area is not only an important source of water but also of timber, wildlife and recreation. This region has long received high inputs of acidic deposition, that along with increased Nitrogen (N) inputs, also has the potential to deplete calcium in soils needed for proper root development and function, which can lead to adverse effects on tree growth. These data were collected to evaluate the effects of those factors on the metabolism of foliage and sapwood of two dominate northern hardwood species at different elevations in two different forested catchments in the Neversink River Valley.","keyword":["foliar and sapwood physiology","foliar and sapwood metabolism","polyamines","amino acids","exchangeable ions","chlorophyll","soluble protein","biota","elevation","environment","Climate change","Climate change effects","Ecological adaptation","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Ecology","Landscape ecology","Plant ecology","Forest & Plant Health","Botany","Climate effects","New York","Catskill Mountains","Delaware River","NeverSink River Valley","Neversink Reservoir","Dry Creek","Fall Brook"],"spatial":"-74.58067,41.96361,-74.50644,41.98489","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0013","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0013","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-01-26"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Western Micronesia wildfires (2016+)","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0012-2","description":"This data publication contains vector polygon spatial data showing burn areas from wildfires in 2016-2024 on Guam, Yap State (Federated States of Micronesia-FSM), and the Commonwealth of Northern Marianas Islands-CNMI (Saipan, Tinian and Rota Islands). Burn areas from wildfire in 2015 are also provided for Guam.The purpose of this study was to summarize annual area and forest resources burned in Western Micronesia.The first edition of these data (Dendy et al. 2023; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0012) was published on 03\/17\/2023 and included data from 2016-2021. This second edition, published on 01\/30\/2024, includes the addition of data from 2022-2023 and data are now provided as a single shapefile and geopackage. On 01\/22\/2025, data for 2024 were added as well as a few minor metadata updates.\n\t  \nFor more information about these data and this study, see Frazier et al. (2023).","keyword":["environment","society","Climate change","Fire","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","wildfire","forest","savanna","remote sensing","Micronesia","CNMI","Guam","Rota","Saipan","Tinian","Yap"],"spatial":"138.056603,9.446194,145.815007,15.279868","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0012-2","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0012-2","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-01-22"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Babeldaob Island wildfires (2012+)","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0039-2","description":"This data publication contains wildfire locations as well as areas of repeated wildfires on Babeldaob Island, Palau. These data were digitized from a variety of sources: handheld global positioning system (GPS) fire perimeter mapping, aerial photo fire perimeter mapping, and satellite image fire perimeter mapping. In addition to 1) wildfire locations (2012-2024) and 2) the areas of repeated wildfires (2012-2021), also included for Babeldaob Island (dated 2021 unless otherwise noted) are: 3) streams composed from topographic maps, 4) roads (obtained from Palau Automated Land and Resource Information Service (PALARIS) and updated with 2015 imagery), 5) locations of terrestrial protected areas, 6) mangrove vegetation around the island, 7) Babeldaob Island state boundaries, and 8) Babeldaob coastline.The purpose of this study was to summarize annual area and forest resources burned on Babeldaob Island, Palau.The first edition of these data (Dendy et al. 2022; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0039) was published on 04\/07\/2022 and included data from 2012-2021. This second edition, published on 02\/02\/2024, includes the addition of wildfire location data from 2022-2023. On 01\/22\/2025, data for 2024 were added as well as a few minor metadata updates.\n\nFor more information about this study and these data, see Dendy et al. (2022; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/fire5020045).","keyword":["environment","society","Climate change","Fire","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","wildfire","forest","savanna","hunting","agriculture","remote sensing","Babeldaob Island","Palau"],"spatial":"134.468536,7.354097,134.645788,7.724835","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0039-2","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0039-2","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-01-22"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Forest structural-complexity metrics derived from aerial lidar across four experimental forests in the southeastern United States","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0019","description":"Forest management often aims to enhance wildlife habitat and mitigate wildfire risks, yet spatially-resolved data on structural complexity are often lacking. To address this gap, we utilized 2021 aerial laser scanning (ALS) to generate raster and vector geospatial data characterizing forest structure across four USDA Forest Service Experimental Forests (EFs) in southeastern United States: Bent Creek Experimental Forest, Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, Escambia Experimental Forest, and Hitchiti Experimental Forest. This data publication contains raster gridded datasets for each EF, mapped at 1 x 1 meter resolution, providing wall-to-wall coverage. Data include, but are not limited to: aspect, canopy cover, canopy height, terrain surface model, irregularity and variation in elevation, steepness, structural diversity and arrangement of vegetation. Vector-based data include crown delineation and individual tree detection data obtained using multiple methods.These data were developed to support on-going research focal areas of fire, hydrology, soil science, meteorology, cultural resources, and timber management.For more information about these data, see Ross et al. (in review).","keyword":["biota","elevation","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Assessments","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","Timber","forest structure","structural complexity","lidar","ALS","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","Bent Creek Experimental Forest","Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory","Escambia Experimental Forest","Hitchiti Experimental Forest","southeastern United States","Alabama","Georgia","North Carolina","Tennessee"],"spatial":"-87.10078,30.99998,-82.59388,35.51882","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0019","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0019","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-06-27"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Aquatic invertebrate taxa survey at the Marcell Experimental Forest, 2009","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0017","description":"This data publication provides a taxa list of aquatic invertebrates found in outlet streams and laggs of catchments S2 and S6 (acidic bogs), as well as S3 (an alkaline fen) in April 2009 at Marcell Experimental Forest (MEF) in Itasca County, Minnesota. This work is the first inventory of aquatic invertebrates completed at MEF. Invertebrates were identified using a stereoscope to order, family, and genus taxonomic levels when possible. Functional Feeding Group (FFG) classifications were located for each invertebrate taxon from published scientific literature and included in this MEF aquatic invertebrate data publication. Representative invertebrate specimens were preserved in 7% formalin for the physical MEF aquatic invertebrate reference collection to be maintained and stored at the Northern Research Station Forestry Sciences Laboratory in Grand Rapids, Minnesota.Aquatic invertebrate data were collected to determine differences and similarities of aquatic invertebrate community diversity within bog and fen catchments at Marcell Experimental Forest.","keyword":["biota","environment","inlandWaters","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Invertebrates","aquatic invertebrates","insects","diversity","aquatic","streams","peatlands","bogs","fens","Marcell Experimental Forest","Minnesota","Itasca County"],"spatial":"-93.50000,47.50000,-93.45000,47.57000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0017","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0017","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-02-20"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Stream algal biomass at the Marcell Experimental Forest, 2012","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0018","description":"This data publication provides attached algal (periphyton) biomass data found in outlet streams of catchments S1, S2, S3, S4, S5 and S6 in July 2012 at Marcell Experimental Forest (MEF) in Itasca County, Minnesota. This short-term study was the first measurement of algal standing crops completed in each of the MEF catchments.  Periphyton standing crop was measured using ceramic tiles submerged in outlet streams and allowed to colonize with attached algae for 30 days. Ancillary physical characteristics of the streams measured in situ during tile collection include current velocity, water temperature, pH, and conductivity. Algal biomass was determined via chlorophyll a analysis measured in the Aquatics Laboratory at the Northern Research Station Forestry Sciences Lab in Grand Rapids, Minnesota.Periphyton biomass data were collected to examine potential differences among Marcell Experimental Forest catchments differing in acidity levels, physical characteristics, and previous treatment history.","keyword":["biota","environment","inlandWaters","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Plant ecology","algae","periphyton","biomass","standing crop","aquatic","streams","peatlands","bogs","fens","Marcell Experimental Forest","Chippewa National Forest","Minnesota","Itasca County"],"spatial":"-93.50000,47.50000,-93.45000,47.57000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0018","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0018","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-02-20"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Odonate and other insect distributions of North America for climate ranging from 20,000 years ago to year 2100","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0015","description":"This data publication contains 990 raster digital files of modeled potential distributions for 59 odonate species and 40 other insect species that were observed from 1990-2022 during the summer months of June, July, and August in North America under the following 10 climates: 1981-2010; 20,000 years ago (ka); 10 ka; 6 ka; and six end-of-century (2071-2100) climate projections under two emission scenarios. Mean accuracies of withheld samples for models, based on climate of 1981-2010, were 0.94 for the 59 odonate species and 0.95 for 40 other insect species. Annual temperature and temperature of the warmest quarter were found to be the most important variables for summer distributions.The purpose of this project was to provide odonate and other insect species distributions under different climates in North America.For more information about these data and this project, see Hanberry (in review).","keyword":["biota","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","Climate change","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Environment and People","Natural Resource Management & Use","species distribution models","climate atlas","odonates","insects","North America"],"spatial":"-171.79181,7.21653,-12.20847,83.64986","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0015","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0015","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-02-21"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Tree species distributions of southern North America under current and future climate to year 2100","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0016","description":"This data publication contains raster digital files of modeled potential distributions for 184 wide-ranging tree species in southern North America and 258 tree species common in Mexico under climate during 1900-1990, and three end-of-century (2071-2100) climate projections. Mean accuracies of withheld samples for models, based on climate of 1900-1990, were 0.98 with about 5 variables per model and temperature of the coldest month or quarter as most important variables.The purpose of this project was to provide tree distributions under different climates in southern North America.For more information about these data and this project, see Hanberry (in review).","keyword":["biota","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","Climate change","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Environment and People","Natural Resource Management & Use","species distribution models","climate atlas","North America"],"spatial":"-171.79181,7.21653,-12.20847,83.64986","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0016","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0016","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-02-21"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Pollinator distributions of North America for climate ranging from 20,000 years ago to year 2100","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0014","description":"This data publication contains 2280 raster digital files of modeled potential distributions for 228 pollinator species that were observed from 1990-2022 during the summer months of June, July, and August in North America under the following 10 climates: 1981-2010; 20,000 years ago (ka); 10 ka; 6 ka; and six end-of-century (2071-2100) climate projections under two emission scenarios. Pollinator species include 88 butterflies, 69 moths, 12 flies, 17 wasps, 18 bees, and 24 beetles. Mean accuracies of withheld samples for models, based on climate of 1981-2010, ranged in values from 0.93 to 0.95, depending on the species. Mean annual temperature was found to be the most important variable for the greatest number of species, for summer distributions.The purpose of this project was to provide pollinator distributions under different climates in North America.For more information about these data and this project, see Hanberry (in review).","keyword":["biota","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","Climate change","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Environment and People","Natural Resource Management & Use","species distribution models","climate atlas","pollinators","butterflies","moths","bees","beetles","flies","wasps","North America"],"spatial":"-171.79181,7.21653,-12.20847,83.64986","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0014","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0014","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-02-27"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"North American models of habitat quality and migration potential under climate change","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0020","description":"Modeled habitat suitability for 326 trees species across North America under 1991-2020 climate conditions and projected future conditions (2070-2100) were created using a multi-model ensemble (MME) approach that correlates individual tree species relative abundance to climate and topographic data. The associated files include relative abundance (i.e., habitat suitability), derived from tree basal area and number of stems, for the species according to USDA Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis data, modeled under current conditions, and two future scenarios. Species percent composition from Canada\u2019s National Forest Inventory, as well as relative abundance from Mexican inventory data for a few species, were combined with data from the United States. Additionally, the colonization likelihoods (computed via a migration model that simulates historical migration using current abundance) of potential newly suitable habitats are provided to assess natural migration of species under the future scenarios. \n\t  \nThis data publication includes the following raster files for each species: 1) actual relative abundance derived from national forest inventory data from Canada, Mexico, and the United States; 2) modeled relative abundance indicating suitability under climate conditions from 1991-2020; 3-4) modeled relative abundance indicating habitat suitability under projected climate conditions for two future (2070-2100) scenarios (SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5); and 5-6) fifteen-class combination of potential habitat quality (HQ) and colonization likelihoods (CL) for two future (2070-2100) scenarios (SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5). Maps associated with each of these raster files are also provided. Additionally, image files containing statistical boxplots of 1) elevation, 2) mean annual precipitation, and 3) mean annual temperature for each species for actual inventory data, and habitat suitability modeled under current (1991-2020) and two future (2070-2100) scenarios (SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5). The tabular summary data associated with these boxplots are also included.Knowing where suitable habitat for a species could exists, how changes may unfold as a result of changing climatic conditions, and how likely tree species are to naturally migrate into potentially new habitats allows resource managers to plan for future conditions.These data were originally published on 06\/17\/2024. It came to our attention that the raster files had a data mask inconsistently applied to the model inputs, resulting in coastal pixels having values that should not be considered. We have corrected the models and associated output files. For more details on this change, see the Process Steps section. On 08\/30\/2024 this data publication was updated to include the corrected files, including minor metadata updates. On 08\/19\/2025, the metadata was updated to include citation for the associated article that has been published.\n  \nSee Prasad et al. (2020; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ddi.13078) for details about migration simulations and Prasad et al. (2025) for details about model parameterization.","keyword":["climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","Climate change","Climatology","modeled niche","potential suitable habitat","tree species","relative abundance","importance value","United States","Canada","Mexico"],"spatial":"-180.00000,2.72297,180.00000,90.00000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0020","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0020","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-08-19"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Long-term effects of stand density and shrub control on ponderosa pine plantation in the Mendocino National Forest","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0021","description":"This data publication includes tree growth measurements collected on a ponderosa pine plantation on the eastern side of California\u2019s north Coastal range within the Grindstone Ranger District of Mendocino National Forest, Colusa County, California. Measurements include diameter at breast height (DBH at 4.5 feet) and tree condition measured in 1970, 1975, 1980, 1985, 1990, 1996, 2005, and 2016. Tree height, height to live crown, and crown width were also measured for approximately 20 percent of the trees on each plot each measurement year except for 2005 when only tree height was the additional measurement. The study was established in 1970 by William W. Oliver, a Research Silviculturist at Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station (currently, Pacific Southwest Research Station) as one of the west-wide levels-of-growing-stock study (LOGS) sites for even-aged ponderosa pine. The original plots were installed on 11-year-old ponderosa pine plantations regenerated following the Trough Fire in August 1959. Fifteen, 0.5-acre plots were randomly assigned with 4 square spacings (7, 8, 10, and 14 feet) and control. Each density plot with 20-foot buffer was replicated three times. The highest density treatment was later similar to the unthinned control plots and, therefore, all analyses in the subsequent publications treated this density as the control (six total control plots). A diagram of the treatment design for this study is also included in this package.\n\t  \nAfter the 5-year remeasurement it was determined that tree stand density had no influence on tree growth because of the dense shrub understory. Therefore, this study site was taken off the LOGS study list. The field design was altered to investigate the inter-relationships of tree spacing and shrub density on growth of ponderosa pine. Each major plot was subdivided into 3 equal subplots. Shrubs were left undisturbed on one subplot. Shrubs were thinned \u201cfrom below\u201d leaving the larger shrub crowns separated by a minimum of 1 foot, which yielded that half of shrubs were removed. All shrubs were cut at ground line on the remaining subplot. The non-sprouting forms of Arctostaphalos made retreatment unnecessary, although  no further shrub treatment was conducted in the half-shrub removal subplots.When Cliff Meyer constructed the LOGS study plan in 1976 based on data analyses from the earlier observational plots established by field foresters in the Black Hills of South Dakota and Northern Idaho, young ponderosa pine management was in its infancy. Therefore, original objectives were \"to determine (i) optimum stand densities for maximum growth of usable wood per tree and per hectare over a range of site qualities and average diameters and (ii) growth and yield obtainable with repeated thinning.\" Later, after competing vegetation treatments were installed, the purpose had been changed to investigate the inter-relationships of tree spacing and shrub density on growth and stand development of ponderosa pine plantations. \n\t  \nThe goals of the post fire measurements in 2016 were to quantify the resilience of a ponderosa pine plantation to a backfiring operation (that occurred in 2012 during the Mill Fire), and to glean information that might help to broaden options available to managers concerned about managing fuels in plantations to improve resilience to future fires.These data have been summarized in various publications since 1984, which are listed as cross-references below.","keyword":["long-term silvicultural research plots","stand density","competing vegetation control","timber production","ponderosa pine","Pinus ponderosa","plantation","biota","environment","Forest & Plant Health","Natural Resource Management & Use","Carbon","Prescribed fire","California","California North Coast range","Mendocino National Forest"],"spatial":"-122.67480,39.27970,-122.66940,39.28480","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0021","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0021","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-03-04"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04"],"programCode":["010:164"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Rainfall simulation data: Effects of rainfall intensity and mulch coverage on runoff and sediment concentration","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0022","description":"This publication contains runoff and sediment volume and concentration data collected as part of an experiment to further our understanding of how slope, rainfall intensity, and mulch coverage affect runoff and erosion from hillslopes. In July 2023, rainfall simulations were conducted on indoor soil plots at the Colorado State University Hydraulics Laboratory in Fort Collins, CO. Three rainfall intensity rates (30, 60, and 90 millimeters per hour) and two slopes (20% and 40%) were tested on mulched and unmulched pre-wet plots, yielding a total of 12 simulations.These experiments were conducted to further our understanding of how slope, rainfall intensity, and mulch coverage affect runoff and erosion from hillslopes. Mulching is often used as a post-fire hillslope treatment in efforts to prevent downstream flooding and sedimentation problems, and our experiments were designed to investigate the range of slopes and rainfall intensities similar to those experienced in field sites burned in the 2020 Cameron Peak Fire in Northern Colorado.","keyword":["environment","geoscientificInformation","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","rainfall simulation","runoff collection","sediment filtering","mulch","erosion","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","Colorado"],"spatial":"-105.15616,40.58915,-105.15516,40.58975","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0022","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0022","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-03-11"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Abundance and nest characteristics of Dusky and Hammond\u2019s flycatchers across a 1750 meter elevational gradient","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0023","description":"This data publication contains tabular data on abundance, nesting success, and nest site selection for dusky (Empidonax oberholseri) and Hammond\u2019s flycatchers (Empidonax hammondii) breeding in the southern Sierra Nevada, California. As part of a larger study examining the abundance and productivity of forest birds, dusky and Hammond\u2019s flycatchers were studied in four forest types along a 1750 meter elevational gradient in the High Sierra Ranger District of the Sierra National Forest on the western slope of the southern Sierra Nevada. From 1995 through 2002, field technicians censused birds on eight (1995) or 16 (1996 \u2013 2002) study sites using a time transect method. Observers walked at a rate of 50 meters per 3 minutes, recording all birds detected within 50 meters of the transect line and those detected at unlimited distance. Each site was visited six times per season by three or four observers each year of the study. For nests whose contents could be examined, the number of eggs and nestlings as well as the appearance of the nestlings (size, whether the eyes were closed, slits, or open, presence of down and pin feathers, and the extent of emergence of the remiges and rectrices) were recorded. After the nest fledged or failed, elevation, nest substrate type (shrub, tree or snag), nest height, substrate height, and substrate species and substrate height were recorded.These data were collected as part of a study to examine abundance and reproductive ecology of bird species over an elevational gradient in the southern Sierra Nevada, California.For more information about this study and these data, see Purcell (in review). \n\t  \nFor more information about the larger study, see Purcell (2006, 2007, 2012), Purcell and Dryan (2008), Purcell et al. (2012), Purcell and McGregor (2021).","keyword":["biota","elevation","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Animal ecology","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Birds","ecological release","elevational gradient","Empidonax hammondii","Hammond\u2019s flycatcher","Empidonax oberholseri","dusky flycatcher","nest height","nest site selection","niche partitioning","California","Sierra National Forest","High Sierra Ranger District","Fresno County"],"spatial":"-119.33611,36.95806,-118.94000,37.12000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0023","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0023","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-10-30"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Green River Fire and Fire Surrogates Study: Tree and duff measurements","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0024","description":"These are data from the Green River Fire and Fire Surrogates Study which took place in the Green River Game Lands in western North Carolina, USA. In this study, three treatments - mechanical felling (Mech), repeated prescribed fires (Fire), or a combination (Mech + Fire)- were experimentally applied starting in 2003 and compared to untreated controls (Control). Species composition of overstory trees, total basal area, saplings, seedlings, and duff depth are included from 2001, and from the latest available inventory (2014 [duff], 2016 [seedlings\/saplings], or 2018 [overstory]). Changes (delta) from pre- to post-treatment are included as well.The purpose of the Fire and Fire Surrogates study was to identify the effects of forest management treatments over time.For more information about these data and this study, see Taylor et al. (in review).","keyword":["Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Ecology","Plant ecology","Soil","Fire","Fire ecology","Prescribed fire","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","fuel managment","oak decline","mesophication","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","biota","North Carolina","Green Mountain Game Lands"],"spatial":"-82.32728,35.23460,-82.18095,35.34137","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0024","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0024","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-03-28"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Mass, temperature, and relative humidity stability of automated sorption balances: results of an interlaboratory study","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0025","description":"Automated sorption balances are widely used for characterizing the interaction of water vapor with hygroscopic materials. These instruments provide an efficient way to collect sorption isotherm data and kinetic data. A typical method for defining equilibrium after a step change in relative humidity (RH) is using a particular threshold value for the rate of change in mass with time. Recent studies indicate that commonly used threshold values yield substantial errors and that further measurements are needed at extended hold times as a basis to assess the accuracy of abbreviated equilibration criteria. However, the mass measurement accuracy at extended times depends on the operational stability of the instrument. Published data on the stability of automated sorption balances are rare. As a result, an interlaboratory study was undertaken to investigate equilibration criteria for automated sorption balances both by characterizing instrument operational stability and by measuring water vapor sorption in hygroscopic material specimens at extended times. This data publication contains mass, temperature, and RH stability records collected between March 2022 and October 2023 from 25 laboratories throughout the world.Data were collected to better understand the operational stability of automated sorption balances.For more information about this study and these data, see Zelinka et al. (2024).","keyword":["economy","Forest Products","Forest products engineering","Wood properties","forest products laboratory","interlaboratory investigation","water vapor sorption","automated sorption balances","measurement uncertainty","instrument stability","hygoscopic materials","United States","Europe","Asia","Middle East"],"spatial":"-89.42705556,3.236333333,116.35002778,60.18647222","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0025","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0025","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-09-05"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Tree biology-based tools and corresponding soil chemistry to track natural resources and processes that represent ecological conditions along the Appalachian Trail corridor","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0026","description":"The Appalachian National Scenic Trail (AT) is situated along a system of mountain ridges and peaks ranging from Georgia to Maine. High elevation and ridge-top ecosystems along the AT corridor are subject to high levels of air pollution and are sensitive to acidic deposition. Vegetative species, water chemistry, and wildlife depend upon the physio-chemical makeup of this environment and are especially susceptible to deleterious changes caused by air pollution that can result in limited buffering capacity of poorly developed, or non-existent, soils. The overarching purpose of this study was to evaluate the condition and sensitivity of the AT with respect to acidic deposition by investigating current impacts on water, soil and vegetation, and use that data in modeling efforts to predict the time necessary for the ecosystem to recover under future deposition scenarios. The specific goal of this sub-study was to use metabolic and chemical changes in sapwood plugs from mature trees and foliage from seedlings with corresponding soil chemistry to examine current health conditions of trees growing along the AT corridor. \n\nAlong the northern section during the growing season of 2010, and the southern section in 2011, sapwood plugs from 15 mature trees and foliage from 10 seedlings of randomly chosen red spruce (RS), sugar maple (SM), chestnut oak (CO), or oaks in the white (WO) or red\/black (RO\/BO) family were collected from a total of 14 intensive study sites within the AT corridor. Tabular data include free polyamines, free amino acids, soluble ions, chlorophyll, and soluble protein analyzed by HPLC, ICP-OES and spectrophotometer.\n\nCorresponding soil samples were collected within the same time frame. From an area that encompassed the vegetation study plots from each site, nine soil cores representing A and B horizons were collected and later combined into three samples for laboratory analysis. Three soil pits were excavated and samples of Oe, Oa and\/or A, and two to four horizons\/depths from the B and C horizon (where found) were collected and analyzed separately. Tabular data include soil pH, % organic matter, total N and C, exchangeable ions, acidity, base saturation and cation exchange capacity determined by pH meter, C\/N Elemental analyzer, potentiometric titration and ICP-OES. \n\nAt one site within this study there was an elevation survey which included sampling of 9 soil cores, foliage from 10 seedlings and sapwood plugs from 15 mature chestnut oaks randomly chosen at each of three elevations; Low (773 feet), Mid (960 feet) and High (1343 feet).These data were collected to examine the effects of environmental\/ecological conditions and to assess the current health status of trees growing along the Appalachian National Scenic Trail by analyzing sapwood and foliar metabolism and physiology, and corresponding soil chemistry. An elevation survey from one site was included to examine localized effects of elevation.For more information about this study, see Lawrence et al. (2015).","keyword":["biota","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","elevation","environment","Climate change","Climate effects","Ecological adaptation","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Ecology","Plant ecology","Soil","Forest & Plant Health","Air, soil, water pollution (environmental injury)","Botany","Climate effects","polyamines","amino acids","exchangeable ions","chlorophyll","soluble protein","physiology","metabolism","nutrients","soil chemistry","Appalachian National Scenic Trail","Maine","New Hampshire","Vermont","New Jersey","Virginia","Tennessee","North Carolina","White Mountain National Forest","Green Mountain National Forest","Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area","Shenandoah National Park","George Washington & Jefferson National Forest-Mount Rogers National Recreation Area","Great Smoky Mountains National Park","Nantahala National Forest","Gulf Hagas","Sugarloaf Mountain","Crawford Notch","Willard Gap","Sherburne Pass","Kelly Stand","Delaware Water Gap","Piney River","Hawksbill","White Oak Run","Whitetop Mountain","Cosby Creek","Road Prong","Coweeta"],"spatial":"-83.47222,35.04811,-69.32644,45.49233","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0026","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0026","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-03-25"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Maps of natural tree regeneration recorded in 1913-1914, after Yacolt and related burns in southwest Washington","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0027","description":"This package includes 39 scanned maps documenting natural regeneration of tree species in 1913 and 1914 after fire, for eight areas (two of which overlap) within southwestern Washington. These areas are within the Rainier or Columbia National Forests and include: 1) Highline Trail; 2) Johnson Creek Trail and Cispus River; 3) Killen Creek Trail, Johnson Creek Trail, and Spring Creek; 4) Klickitat Trail; 5) Last Point; 6) Lookout Mountain North, Spring Creek, and Little Lookout; 7) Lookout Mountain; and 8) McCoy Creek Trail. The data provided on these maps were collected by the Wind River Experiment Station, District 6 (a precursor to the current USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station). Each map documents the number of seedings for an individual coniferous species in 1-acre cells along transects shown on base maps which include township and range information and the locations of streams, trails, and contour lines. The base maps delineate the boundaries of the \u201cgreen timber\u201d (unburned areas) and in some cases also the location of individual older live trees by species and age (greater than or less than 100 years old) within the general burned area. Within each 1-acre cell, regeneration is shown in 3 age classes (\u2264 5 years, 6-10 years and > 10 years). The transect cells are generally marked to indicate the number of groups of 100 or 500 seedlings per species and age class per acre, which varies for each area, and is denoted on each map's legend. Minimal burn information for each area is provided and include the following cases: \u201cOn the Yacolt Burn of 1902\u201d (for two areas near Lookout Mountain), \u201cBurned 1910\u201d (for Johnson Creek), and \u201ca burned area\u201d (for five areas, but no specific information as to the date of the fire is provided).The original purpose for the maps was not documented, but based on the type of data collected it is likely the purpose was to document the amount and type of natural regeneration after fire in relation to distance from unburned areas, as well as aspect, slope and other geographic metrics.","keyword":["biota","boundaries","imageryBaseMapsEarthCover","location","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Fire","Fire ecology","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Natural Resource Management & Use","Timber","tree regeneration","natural regeneration","wildfire","seedlings","Washington","Yacolt Burn","Wind River","Columbia National Forest","Rainier National Forest"],"spatial":"-122.25000,45.67000,-121.40000,46.50000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0027","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0027","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-03-27"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Data on fluvial suspended-sediment response to wildfire and a major post-fire flood","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0028","description":"This data publication includes tabular streamflow and fluvial suspended-sediment data collected from roughly May through early October of 2013, 2014, and 2015 at the mouths of three severely burned small tributary gulches along the South Fork Cache la Poudre River in Colorado. The purpose of this study was to investigate the suspended-sediment response to the High Park fire (June 2012). During the post-fire monitoring period, a ~100-year flood occurred in the study area as part of broader-scale flooding along the Colorado Front Range (September 2013). These data therefore show the suspended-sediment response to a sequential disturbance composed of a severe wildfire closely followed by a major flood.\n\t  \nThere are four measurement locations. Measurements were made downstream of the confluence of each severely burned tributary gulch (the Bridge site, which is downstream of the Ratville Gulch confluence, the Woodpecker Woods confluence, and the Rocky Top confluence), in addition to a fourth site upstream of the Woodpecker Woods confluence. Data include stream discharge, electrical conductivity, water temperature, turbidity, and precipitation recorded every 10 minutes at most sites. Suspended sediment concentration (SSC) data are also provided; some SSC samples were analyzed for organic\/inorganic and coarse\/fine components, while some were analyzed only for total SSC. SSC data were collected every 12 hours during snowmelt runoff. During the summer storm season, SSC data were collected when turbidity exceeded 10 Nephelometric turbidity units.These purpose of this study was to quantify suspended-sediment concentrations and yield throughout the fire-flood sequence and subsequent watershed recovery.For more information about these data and this study, see Ryan-Burkett et al. (2024).","keyword":["environment","inlandWaters","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","Fire","Fire effects on environment","post-fire erosion","suspended sediment","post-fire floods","Colorado","South Fork Cache la Poudre River","Colorado Front Range","Roosevelt National Forest"],"spatial":"-105.52379,40.62198,-105.49203,40.63628","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0028","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0028","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-04-15"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Elliot Ranch ponderosa pine Levels-Of-Growing-Stock study in Tahoe National Forest of California","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0029","description":"This data publication includes tree height, diameter at breast height (DBH at 4.5 feet), and tree condition measured every five years from 1969 to 2019 at the Elliot Ranch in Tahoe National Forest, California. Height to live crown was measured in all measurement years from 1969 until 1999. The study was established in 1969 by William W. Oliver, a Research Silviculturist at Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station (currently, Pacific Southwest Research Station) as one of the joint, west-wide Level-Of-Growing-Stock study (LOGS) sites for even-aged ponderosa pine. The original plots were installed on 20-year-old ponderosa pine plantations regenerated with 6 by 8 foot spacing in spring 1950 following the Elliot Ranch Fire in 1949 that destroyed the young plantation planted after the McKenzie Mill Fire in 1936. Three replications of five growing-stock levels (GSLs; residual basal area in square feet per acre following thinning when quadratic mean diameter is 10 inches or greater): 40, 70, 100, 130, and 160 were randomly distributed across 15 total, 0.5 acre plots. All plots were buffered with a 30-foot isolation strip. Plots were occasionally rethinned back to the initial post-thinning basal area levels. Unfortunately, extensive mortality occurred in 2021 due to bark beetle infestation in the area and only a few trees survived in the plots. Therefore, the study was terminated.When Cliff Meyer constructed the LOGS study plan in 1976 based on data analyses from the earlier observational plots established by field foresters in the Black Hills of South Dakota and Northern Idaho, young ponderosa pine management was in its infancy. Therefore, original objectives were \"to determine (i) optimum stand densities for maximum growth of usable wood per tree and per hectare over a range of site qualities and average diameters and (ii) growth and yield obtainable with repeated thinning.\" Later, these installations have been used to test self-thinning boundary lines, resilience to biotic disturbances, and climate changes.These data have been summarized in various publications since 1970, which are listed as cross-references below.","keyword":["biota","Natural Resource Management & Use","Timber","long-term silvicultural research plots","stand density","ponderosa pine","Pinus ponderosa","plantation","plantation resilience","timber production","levels-of-growing-stock","California","Tahoe National Forest","Placer County","Foresthill Ranger District"],"spatial":"-120.753800,39.154108,-120.746284,39.157220","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0029","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0029","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-04-02"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Engineering drawings for equipment, maps, and 1919-1925 reports of cultural practices at the Wind River Nursery in southwest Washington","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/EFR-2024-001","description":"The Wind River Nursery in Skamania County, Washington was started in 1909 to grow seedlings to regenerate burned and cut over lands. The nursery workers developed several types of equipment and cultural practices. Some of the equipment developed at the nursery has been mentioned in early accounts of the nursery and shown in some photographs, but details of their construction were noted as not available. The engineering drawings for the Wind River Seed Drill and Weeder prepared in 1947 by Oregon Department of Forestry have been found and scans of those drawings are included in this package. Each piece of equipment is described in 4 or 5 oversized sheets (18 inch by 24 inch). The first sheet provides an overview of the equipment with front, plan and side views and the other sheets for each type of equipment include detailed drawings of all the parts involved down to the type and size of the fasteners used. This package also includes three maps: the Wind River Nursery area; the cover crops used in the nursery fields, along with the date of sowing and turning (plowing into the soil) in each field for crops of oats or oats and vetch from 1926 to 1932; and fertilization practices used in each field from 1919 to 1926 (manure, sulphur [sic], sodium nitrate and acid phosphate) and the sizes of the various nursery fields. Reports summarizing fertilizer treatments and soil crops at the Wind River Nursery from 1919 to 1925 are also included.The purpose of these images, maps, and reports were to document the equipment developed and the cultural practices used in an early nursery.","keyword":["biota","boundaries","farming","imageryBaseMapsEarthCover","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Natural Resource Management & Use","nursery equipment","seed drill","weeder","nursery practices","cover crops","green manure","fertilization","Washington","Wind River Nursery","Skamania County","Columbia National Forest","Hemlock Ranger Station","Wind River Experimental Forest"],"spatial":"-122.93300,45.79500,-121.92400,45.80000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/EFR-2024-001","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/EFR-2024-001","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-04-08"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Wildfire Risk to Communities: Community Wildfire Risk Reduction Zones for the United States","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0030","description":"This data publication includes Community Wildfire Risk Reduction Zone rasters, products delivered as part of the Wildfire Risk to Communities project. There are two types of data included: 1) raster spatial data that delineate Community Wildfire Risk Reduction Zones for all populated areas in the continental United States (CONUS), Alaska, and Hawaii; and 2) tabular summaries by communities, counties, tribal areas, and states of wildfire hazard and risk produced as part of the Wildfire Risk to Communities (WRC) project. \n\nThe Community Wildfire Risk Reduction Zones (CWiRRZ) product is a 30-m raster delineating areas where mitigation activities will be most effective at protecting homes from most types of wildfire. The zones are determined by the spatial coincidence of wildfire likelihood (Burn Probability), and populated areas. There are four Risk Reduction Zones: Minimal Exposure Zone, Indirect Exposure Zone, Direct Exposure Zone, and Wildfire Transmission Zone. However, the CWiRRZ raster can be further deconstructed into ten zones, wherein the Wildfire Transmission Zone is separated into the following surface fuel types: Tree, Shrub, Grass, Agriculture, Non-Vegetated, Water, and Outlying Wildlands (area beyond 2400-m from buildings).The geospatial data products described and distributed here are part of the Wildfire Risk to Communities project. This project was directed by Congress in the 2018 Consolidated Appropriations Act (i.e., 2018 Omnibus Act, H.R. 1625, Section 210: Wildfire Hazard Severity Mapping) to help U.S. communities understand components of their relative wildfire risk profile, the nature and effects of wildfire risk, and actions communities can take to mitigate risk. \n\t  \nThese data serve two purposes: 1) provide nationally-consistent spatial data that could be used to summarize hazard and risk to populated areas and take into consideration areas with housing units as well as adjacent areas with wildland fuels; and 2) provide communities with a way to spatially identify where different types of risk mitigation activities are likely to be most effective.See the Wildfire Risk to Communities (WRC) website at https:\/\/www.wildfirerisk.org for complete project information and an interactive web application for exploring some of the data published here.\n\t  \nThese data are considered part of WCR 2.0 which also includes: 1) Scott et al. (2024) containing data regarding wildfire risk across all lands, and 2) Jaffe et al. (2024) containing wildfire risk across lands where only housing units current exist.\n\nThese data were originally published on 05\/28\/2024. On 05\/27\/2025, minor metadata updates were made and an additional set of tabular summaries have been provided. We re-summarized wildfire hazard and risk metrics within Census state, county, and tribal area polygons using the new Census boundaries and names which are current through the end of 2023. These data will now match what is available on the Wildfire Risk to Communities website (wildfirerisk.org). The original summaries are still included and referred to as \"2024\" summaries, while the new summaries are referenced as \"2025\" summaries.","keyword":["environment","geoscientificInformation","society","structure","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Fire","Fire detection","Fire ecology","Fire effects on environment","Fire suppression, pre-suppression","Prescribed fire","Environment and People","Forest management","Landscape management","burn probability","hazard","fuels management","fire suppression","fire likelihood","fire planning","risk assessment","wildfire hazard potential","conterminous United States","CONUS","Alaska","Hawaii"],"spatial":"-180.00000,18.85415,-67.93318,63.90442","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0030","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0030","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-05-27"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Wildfire Risk to Communities: Spatial datasets of landscape-wide wildfire risk components for the United States","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0016-2","description":"The data included in this publication depict the 2024 version of components of wildfire risk for all lands in the United States that: 1) are landscape-wide (i.e., measurable at every pixel across the landscape); and 2) represent in situ risk - risk at the location where the adverse effects take place on the landscape. \t  \n\nNational wildfire hazard datasets of annual burn probability and fire intensity, generated by the USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station and Pyrologix LLC, form the foundation of the Wildfire Risk to Communities data. Vegetation and wildland fuels data from LANDFIRE 2020 (version 2.2.0) were used as input to two different but related geospatial fire simulation systems. Annual burn probability was produced with the USFS geospatial fire simulator (FSim) at a relatively coarse cell size of 270 meters (m). To bring the burn probability raster data down to a finer resolution more useful for assessing hazard and risk to communities, we upsampled them to the native 30 m resolution of the LANDFIRE fuel and vegetation data. In this upsampling process, we also spread values of modeled burn probability into developed areas represented in LANDFIRE fuels data as non-burnable. Burn probability rasters represent landscape conditions as of the end of 2020. Fire intensity characteristics were modeled at 30 m resolution using a process that performs a comprehensive set of FlamMap runs spanning the full range of weather-related characteristics that occur during a fire season and then integrates those runs into a variety of results based on the likelihood of those weather types occurring. Before the fire intensity modeling, the LANDFIRE 2020 data were updated to reflect fuels disturbances occurring in 2021 and 2022. As such, the fire intensity datasets represent landscape conditions as of the end of 2022. Additional methodology documentation is provided in a methods document (\\Supplements\\WRC_V2_Methods_Landscape-wideRisk.pdf) packaged in the data download.\n \nThe specific raster datasets in this publication include:\n\nRisk to Potential Structures (RPS): A measure that integrates wildfire likelihood and intensity with generalized consequences to a home on every pixel. For every place on the landscape, it poses the hypothetical question, \"What would be the relative risk to a house if one existed here?\" This allows comparison of wildfire risk in places where homes already exist to places where new construction may be proposed. This dataset is referred to as Risk to Homes in the Wildfire Risk to Communities web application.\n\nConditional Risk to Potential Structures (cRPS): The potential consequences of fire to a home at a given location, if a fire occurs there and if a home were located there. Referred to as Wildfire Consequence in the Wildfire Risk to Communities web application.\n\nExposure Type: Exposure is the spatial coincidence of wildfire likelihood and intensity with communities. This layer delineates where homes are directly exposed to wildfire from adjacent wildland vegetation, indirectly exposed to wildfire from indirect sources such as embers and home-to-home ignition, or not exposed to wildfire due to distance from direct and indirect ignition sources.\n\nBurn Probability (BP): The annual probability of wildfire burning in a specific location. Referred to as Wildfire Likelihood in the Wildfire Risk to Communities web application.\n\nConditional Flame Length (CFL): The mean flame length for a fire burning in the direction of maximum spread (headfire) at a given location if a fire were to occur; an average measure of wildfire intensity.\n\nFlame Length Exceedance Probability - 4 ft (FLEP4): The conditional probability that flame length at a pixel will exceed 4 feet if a fire occurs; indicates the potential for moderate to high wildfire intensity.\n\nFlame Length Exceedance Probability - 8 ft (FLEP8): the conditional probability that flame length at a pixel will exceed 8 feet if a fire occurs; indicates the potential for high wildfire intensity.\n\nWildfire Hazard Potential (WHP): An index that quantifies the relative potential for wildfire that may be difficult to manage, used as a measure to help prioritize where fuel treatments may be needed.The geospatial data products described and distributed here are part of the Wildfire Risk to Communities project. This project was directed by Congress in the 2018 Consolidated Appropriations Act (i.e., 2018 Omnibus Act, H.R. 1625, Section 210: Wildfire Hazard Severity Mapping) to help U.S. communities understand components of their relative wildfire risk profile, the nature and effects of wildfire risk, and actions communities can take to mitigate risk. The first edition of these data represented the first time wildfire risk to communities had been mapped nationally with consistent methodology. They provided foundational information for comparing the relative wildfire risk among populated communities in the United States. In this version, the 2nd edition, we use improved modeling and mapping methodology and updated input data to generate the current suite of products.See the Wildfire Risk to Communities website at https:\/\/www.wildfirerisk.org for complete project information and an interactive web application for exploring some of the datasets published here. We deliver the data here as zip files by U.S. state (including AK and HI), and for the full extent of the continental U.S.\n\t  \nThis data publication is a second edition and represents an update to any previous versions of Wildfire Risk to Communities risk datasets published by the USDA Forest Service. There are two companion data publications that are part of the WRC 2.0 data update: one that includes datasets of wildfire hazard and risk for populated areas of the nation, where housing units are currently present (Jaffe et al. 2024, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0060-2), and one that delineates wildfire risk reduction zones and provides tabular summaries of wildfire hazard and risk raster datasets (Dillon et al. 2024, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0030).","keyword":["environment","geoscientificInformation","society","structure","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Fire","Fire detection","Fire ecology","Fire effects on environment","Fire suppression, pre-suppression","Prescribed fire","Environment and People","Forest management","Landscape management","burn probability","hazard","fuels management","fire suppression","fire likelihood","fire planning","risk assessment","wildfire hazard potential","United States","conterminous United States","CONUS","Alaska","Hawaii"],"spatial":"-180.00000,18.85415,-67.93318,63.90442","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0016-2","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0016-2","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-05-28"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Wildfire Risk to Communities: Spatial datasets of wildfire risk for populated areas in the United States","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0060-2","description":"The data included in this publication depict components of wildfire risk specifically for populated areas in the United States. These datasets represent where people live in the United States and the in situ risk from wildfire, i.e., the risk at the location where the adverse effects take place. \n\nNational wildfire hazard datasets of annual burn probability and fire intensity, generated by the USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station and Pyrologix LLC, form the foundation of the Wildfire Risk to Communities data. Vegetation and wildland fuels data from LANDFIRE 2020 (version 2.2.0) were used as input to two different but related geospatial fire simulation systems. Annual burn probability was produced with the USFS geospatial fire simulator (FSim) at a relatively coarse cell size of 270 meters (m). To bring the burn probability raster data down to a finer resolution more useful for assessing hazard and risk to communities, we upsampled them to the native 30 m resolution of the LANDFIRE fuel and vegetation data. In this upsampling process, we also spread values of modeled burn probability into developed areas represented in LANDFIRE fuels data as non-burnable. Burn probability rasters represent landscape conditions as of the end of 2020. Fire intensity characteristics were modeled at 30 m resolution using a process that performs a comprehensive set of FlamMap runs spanning the full range of weather-related characteristics that occur during a fire season and then integrates those runs into a variety of results based on the likelihood of those weather types occurring. Before the fire intensity modeling, the LANDFIRE 2020 data were updated to reflect fuels disturbances occurring in 2021 and 2022. As such, the fire intensity datasets represent landscape conditions as of the end of 2022. The data products in this publication that represent where people live, reflect 2020 estimates of housing units and 2021 estimates of population counts from the U.S. Census Bureau, combined with building footprint data from Onegeo and USA Structures, both reflecting 2022 conditions.\n \nThe specific raster datasets included in this publication include:\n\nBuilding Count: Building Count is a 30-m raster representing the count of buildings in the building footprint dataset located within each 30-m pixel. \n\nBuilding Density: Building Density is a 30-m raster representing the density of buildings in the building footprint dataset (buildings per square kilometer [km\u00b2]).\n\nBuilding Coverage: Building Coverage is a 30-m raster depicting the percentage of habitable land area covered by building footprints.\n\nPopulation Count (PopCount): PopCount is a 30-m raster with pixel values representing residential population count (persons) in each pixel.\n\nPopulation Density (PopDen): PopDen is a 30-m raster of residential population density (people\/km\u00b2).\n\nHousing Unit Count (HUCount): HUCount is a 30-m raster representing the number of housing units in each pixel.\n\nHousing Unit Density (HUDen): HUDen is a 30-m raster of housing-unit density (housing units\/km\u00b2).\n\nHousing Unit Exposure (HUExposure): HUExposure is a 30-m raster that represents the expected number of housing units within a pixel potentially exposed to wildfire in a year. This is a long-term annual average and not intended to represent the actual number of housing units exposed in any specific year. \n\nHousing Unit Impact (HUImpact): HUImpact is a 30-m raster that represents the relative potential impact of fire to housing units at any pixel, if a fire were to occur. It is an index that incorporates the general consequences of fire on a home as a function of fire intensity and uses flame length probabilities from wildfire modeling to capture likely intensity of fire.\n\nHousing Unit Risk (HURisk): HURisk is a 30-m raster that integrates all four primary elements of wildfire risk - likelihood, intensity, susceptibility, and exposure - on pixels where housing unit density is greater than zero.The geospatial data products described and distributed here are part of the Wildfire Risk to Communities project. This project was directed by Congress in the 2018 Consolidated Appropriations Act (i.e., 2018 Omnibus Act, H.R. 1625, Section 210: Wildfire Hazard Severity Mapping) to help U.S. communities understand components of their relative wildfire risk profile, the nature and effects of wildfire risk, and actions communities can take to mitigate risk. The first edition of these data represented the first time wildfire risk to communities had been mapped nationally with consistent methodology. They provided foundational information for comparing the relative wildfire risk among populated communities in the United States. In this version, the 2nd edition, we use improved modeling and mapping methodology and updated input data to generate the current suite of products.See the Wildfire Risk to Communities website at https:\/\/www.wildfirerisk.org for complete project information and an interactive web application for exploring some of the datasets published here. We deliver the data here as zip files by U.S. state (including AK and HI), and for the full extent of the continental U.S.\n\t  \nThis data publication is a second edition and represents an update to any previous versions of Wildfire Risk to Communities risk datasets published by the USDA Forest Service. This second edition was originally published on 06\/03\/2024. On 09\/10\/2024, a minor correction was made to the abstract in this overall metadata document as well as the individual metadata documents associated with each raster dataset. The supplemental file containing data product descriptions was also updated. In addition, we separated the large CONUS download into a series of smaller zip files (one for each layer).\n\nThere are two companion data publications that are part of the WRC 2.0 data update: one that characterizes landscape-wide wildfire hazard and risk for the nation (Scott et al. 2024, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0016-2), and one that delineates wildfire risk reduction zones and provides tabular summaries of wildfire hazard and risk raster datasets (Dillon et al. 2024, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0030).","keyword":["environment","geoscientificInformation","society","structure","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Fire","Fire detection","Fire ecology","Fire effects on environment","Fire suppression, pre-suppression","Prescribed fire","Environment and People","Forest management","Landscape management","burn probability","hazard","fuels management","fire likelihood","fire planning","risk assessment","wildfire hazard potential","United States","conterminous United States","CONUS","Alaska","Hawaii"],"spatial":"-180.00000,18.85415,-67.93318,63.90442","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0060-2","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0060-2","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-09-10"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"30 years of stream habitat monitoring data from Tongass National Forest, Alaska, USA, 1991-2020","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0031","description":"This data publication includes 1991 to 2020 stream habitat monitoring data compiled from several projects on the Tongass National Forest, Alaska. Data from 862 habitat surveys were collected on 333 fish-bearing stream reaches (sites) in an area approximately 500 kilometers from north to south and 200 kilometers from east to west at their greatest points. Variables were collected by personnel taking empirical measurements of stream habitat characteristics, while other data were extracted or calculated from Geographic Information System (GIS) databases. Empirical field measurements include, but are not limited to, reach length, channel bed width, slope, various large woody debris measurements, undercut bank, riffle and pool measurements, and substrate measurements. Data extracted from GIS databases include data related to LTA, catchment size, roads, canopy cover, historic harvest, hydrological classification, and process group. Other data include time since last harvest, location coordinates, and HUC 12 watershed name.These data were collected as part of several different stream habitat monitoring projects on the Tongass National Forest over a 30-year period from 1991 to 2020. We have compiled these data in order to analyze and understand how timber harvest practices, climate change, and other factors shape stream habitats.For more information about this study and these data, see Moore et al. (in press).","keyword":["inlandWaters","geoscientificInformation","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Ecology","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Natural Resource Management & Use","Restoration","Water","stream habitat","geomorphic data","riparian data","Alaska","Tongass National Forest"],"spatial":"-136.222000,54.942647,-130.053399,58.619011","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0031","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0031","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-05-23"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Fire Behavior Assessment Team: in-fire videos from 2020 to 2023","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0032","description":"This data publication contains in-fire video collected by the Fire Behavior Assessment Team (FBAT) on a subset of wildland fires in the United States from 2021-2023. FBAT is an interagency group of primarily Forest Service employees with both monitoring and fireline qualifications which collects pre- and post-fire fuels and tree data along with fire behavior measurements on wildland fires. Logistics, funding, fire activity, and monitoring objectives influence the geographic regions and fires where sampling is conducted. Reports from each fire are included as supplemental files wherein the plot layout, including camera positioning, is described. This publication includes a mix of video segments that, collectively, encompass all the video collected at each plot and short videos (clips, ranging from 20 seconds in length to minutes in length) created from those segments. These video clips highlight the variation in fire behavior observed at each plot. In-fire videos are provided for three fires in Oregon and California: the 2020 Red Salmon Complex Fire, the 2021 River Complex (Summer Fire), and the 2023 Lookout Fire. Also included are videos from plots on the Six Rivers National Forest Lightning Complex (SRFLC), Mosquito Fire in 2023 on which Terrestrial Laser Scanning, but no other FBAT measurements, was done pre- and post-fire.These data were collected by the FBAT team to document how fire burns in the plots sampled. Estimated fire behavior properties such as fire rate of spread, flame length, flame angle, and fire type are estimated from these video data, often in reference to standard poles of known size placed in the camera\u2019s field of view. In-fire video of fire spread can also document other characteristics of fire behavior, such as movement through spotting, tree torching events, ember production, and fire whirl development. Some observations relating to various stages of flaming and smoldering combustion can be made depending on the level of smoke obscuring the view, as can gross observations of smoke production.\n\t  \nThe purpose of the short video clips is to develop a searchable video library (see https:\/\/www.frames.gov\/fbat\/fire-videos) for education and training as well as provide viewers with several samples of the typical fire behavior observed at each plot because the full length videos can be quite long.FBAT in-fire videos from 2013-2019 are available in Reiner et al. (2021; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0069).","keyword":["environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Fire","Fire ecology","Fire effects on environment","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","videos","images","wildland fire","wildfire","fire behavior","spread rate","flame length","fire progression","California","Oregon"],"spatial":"-123.670131,41.094414,-121.980380,44.279691","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0032","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0032","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-04-25"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) invasive plant species data from the eastern United States, intersected with wildland-urban interface (WUI) status and land cover context","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0033","description":"Non-native invasive plants are a persistent and growing threat to U.S. forests. Meanwhile, the amount of forest within the wildland-urban interface (WUI) is increasing, with the expectation that the disturbance caused by housing and the establishment of landscaping plants may enable the spread of non-native plants. This data publication contains combined invasive plant information from approximately 45,000 forest inventory plots (collected between 2010 and 2018); WUI spatial data from 1990, 2000, and 2010; and national land cover data from 2001, 2006, 2011, and 2016 to test four hypotheses: (1) WUI forests are more invaded than non-WUI forests; (2) WUI intermix forests (where houses mingle with forest) are more invaded than interface forests (where housing abuts forest); (3) WUI forests experience a delay in invasion (i.e., invasion debt) following housing development; and (4) the invasion of WUI forests is associated with disturbance and propagule pressure (based on land cover context). The resulting tabular data include: standard plot information such as location, elevation, aspect, slope, etc.; binary flags denoting if the plot was WUI, housing mingled with forest (intermix), housing that abuts forest (interface), etc. in 1990, 2000, and 2010; information regarding the number of tree species and number of invasive species on the plot; and the percent of agricultural, developed, and forest landcover within 81 hectare window around the specified FIA plot in 2001, 2006, 2011, and 2016.These data were developed to assess the degree to which eastern U.S. forests in the wildland-urban interface are invaded by non-native plants, and whether the invasion of WUI forests is associated with land cover context (forested, developed, and agricultural).For more information, please see Potter et al. (2024).\n\t  \nThese data were published on 10\/07\/2024. Minor metadata updates were made on 11\/22\/2024.","keyword":["biota","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Forest & Plant Health","Invasive species","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Resource inventory","invasive species","wildland-urban interface","Forest Inventory and Analysis","land cover","eastern United States","Alabama","Arkansas","Connecticut","Delaware","Florida","Georgia","Illinois","Indiana","Iowa","Kansas","Kentucky","Louisiana","Maine","Maryland","Massachusetts","Michigan","Minnesota","Mississippi","Missouri","Nebraska","New Hampshire","New Jersey","New York","North Carolina","North Dakota","Ohio","Oklahoma","Pennsylvania","Rhode Island","South Carolina","South Dakota","Tennessee","Texas","Vermont","Virginia","West Virginia","Wisconsin"],"spatial":"-104.78028,24.47918,-66.69434,49.12508","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0033","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0033","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-11-22"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:034"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Soil temperatures under ponderosa pines during prescribed burns in northern Arizona","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0034","description":"In 1980, a study was initiated to measure soil and cambial temperatures of mature ponderosa pines in northern Arizona that occurred during prescribed burns. Over the next 25 years, soil temperature data were measured on prescribed fires on the Coconino, Kaibab, and Apache-Sitgreaves National Forests. This data publication contains the hourly temperatures of heated soil measured with Type K sheathed thermocouples at various depths below the O2-A1 soil subhorizon interface during prescribed burns between 1981 and 2005. Also included are the linear depths of organic material (forest floor) above the temperature probe site pre-fire and the amount of fuel consumption measured post-fire; fuel moisture content (dry weight basis) of the litter, fermentation, and humus layers measured pre-fire; as well as soil moisture content (dry weight basis) measured pre- and post-fire at the depth of the thermocouples. The soil moisture, fuel moisture and forest floor depth data sets are linked to the temperature data set by the SOIL_ID variable. The dates of collection for the other measurements corresponds to the date that soil temperature measurement commenced.The purpose of this study was to determine the extent of heating in the soil under the canopies of mature ponderosa pine trees during prescribed fires.","keyword":["soil heating","soil temperatures","thermocouples","biota","Fire","Fire ecology","Prescribed fire","Fire effects on environment","Arizona","northern Arizona","southwestern United States","Fort Valley Experimental Forest","Long Valley Experimental Forest","Chimney Spring Study Area","Limestone Flats Study Area","Kaibab National Forest","Apache-Sitgreaves National Forest","Coconino National Forest"],"spatial":"-111.93,33.27,-109.40,35.75","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0034","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0034","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-04-25"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:034"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Standardized vegetation cover data from mature forests on federal lands of Washington, Oregon, and California","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0035","description":"This data publication contains tabular data of overstory and understory vegetation composition collected from the mid-1950s to early 2000s in relatively undisturbed, mostly mature stands across forested federal lands of Oregon, Washington, and California. Most plots are on National Forest System lands, with some on Bureau of Land Management or Tribal land. Plots were distributed to represent the diversity of vegetation types across each National Forest or other management unit. These Ecology plots are not, and were never intended to be, permanent plots. Data include vegetation cover data such as lifeform, scientific name, and species cover for 38,560 plots. The longitude, latitude, and Regional ID number are also provided for each plot, with a supplemental file relating Regional IDs to land management units.These data were used to create typologies of potential vegetation (\"Plant Associations\") or ecological types (plant communities) that would allow forest managers to infer site conditions (topographic, climatic, edaphic, etc.) from the existing overstory and understory composition. Plant Association or Ecological Type (Plant Community) Guides were developed for groups of National Forests and adjacent lands across Forest Service Regions 5 and 6. Supplemental information includes a list of citations of these Plant Association and Ecological Type Guides, most of which were developed based on these plot data.","keyword":["biota","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Resource inventory","vegetation","plot data","understory","mature forest","Washington","Oregon","California","national forest","Pacific Northwest","Pacific Southwest"],"spatial":"-126.98134,35.13476,-113.59471,49.78120","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0035","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0035","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-05-03"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Tree, understory, soil, and light data for Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge, Hawai\u02bbi Island, 2016-2020","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0036","description":"This data publication includes tree and shrub basal area, grass biomass, soil nitrogen and carbon pools and fluxes under Acacia koa and Metrosideros polymorpha trees in mid-elevation old pasture sites on Hawai\u02bbi Island in the Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge from 2016 to 2020. Additional data include grass biomass, soil nitrogen and organic matter, and light levels in experimental understory plantings in Acacia koa forest from nearby sites during the same time period.These data were collected to better understand the role of forest understory regeneration on soil nutrient dynamics, light levels, and how these factors can lead to tipping points in lowering invasive grass biomass in secondary forests in old pasture sites. Alternative stable equilibrium theory hypothesizes that a system can exist as multiple stable-states under the same environmental conditions. The current state is determined by priority effects and is non-transitory due to the positive feedbacks between the community and the environment. Only when certain thresholds are met do systems experience phase shifts from one stable-state to an alternative. Understanding where these thresholds are is important for restoration and management because it helps managers predict the level of resources needed to push an ecosystem from a degraded state to a more desired condition. We addressed thresholds to soil and light variables that are known to affect native plant regeneration by surveying for these variables under a range of natural and planted understory basal area.For more information about this study and these data, see D'Antonio et al. (2024).","keyword":["biota","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Plant ecology","Soil","canopy tree effects","invasive grasses","nitrogen fixation","nitrogen mineralization","nitrification","forest understory","restoration","reforestation","Hawai'i","Hawaii","Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge"],"spatial":"-155.33432,19.77187,-155.26360,19.86812","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0036","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0036","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-10-30"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Western Oregon Wet Dry (WOWTDR) annual predictions of late summer streamflow status for western Oregon, 2019-2021","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0037","description":"The Western Oregon WeT DRy (WOWTDR) model provides decision makers with a spatially explicit map of western Oregon streams that are predicted to be either wet or dry in late summer. This data publication includes all of the input and output files for producing these predictions with the WOWTDR model. The model output presented here is the mean of WOWTDR predictions for the 2019-2021 calendar years for the purpose of providing a single prediction of wet or dry for each stream reach. Predictions years correspond with observation years of the model calibration data. This model was trained using data collected with the Flow Permanence (FLOwPER) application. This data release provides the WOWTDR model and WOWTDR predictions on streamlines across 426 HUC12s in western Oregon, with the intent to characterize a process for developing WOWTDR predictions. Also included is all R code and Python code needed to run and process this model.The purpose of the Western Oregon WeT DRy (WOWTDR) model is to predict a \u201cwet\u201d or \u201cdry\u201d classification for each stream reach in western Oregon for which supporting LiDAR data are available, as well as provide an estimate of certainty for that classification, in support of planning for perennial streams at multiple scales. Results are intended to support forest retention buffer estimates and targeted field collection surveys. The model is also designed to support project-specific planning with a sense of what is known and unknown by providing existing flow permanence observations where predictions are more certain and where predictions are ambiguous, with the latter being useful for targeting field surveys. Additionally, the WOWTDR provides a representation of where the model is uninformed (indicated by \u201cExtrapolation = TRUE\u201d), which can be used to focus field observation campaigns to validate and improve future iterations of the model by feeding the FLOw PERmanence (FLOwPER) application database.For more information about this model and these data, see Burnett et al. (in review).","keyword":["biota","environment","geoscientificInformation","inlandWaters","Climate change","Climatology","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","WOWTDR","Western Oregon WeT DRy model","FLOwPER","Flow Permanence application","streamflow permanence","streams","intermittent rivers and ephemeral streams","headwaters","streamflow intermittency","temporary streams","drought","low flow","random forest","crowdsourced data","Oregon","Pacific Northwest"],"spatial":"-124.52210,42.06670,-121.50860,46.11780","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0037","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0037","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-03-14"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:32"],"programCode":["005:051"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Biodetection data: Using odor signature in white-tailed deer associated with infection by Chronic Wasting Disease prions","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/NWRC-RDS-2024-001","description":"Chronic wasting disease (CWD) has become a major concern amongst those involved in managing wild and captive cervid populations. CWD is a fatal, highly transmissible spongiform encephalopathy caused by an abnormally folded protein, called a prion. Prions are present in a number of tissues, including feces and urine in CWD infected animals, suggesting multiple modes of transmission, including animal-to-animal, environmental, and fomite. CWD management is complicated by the lack of a practical, non-invasive, live-animal screening tests. This study involved training canine biodetectors in 2021-2022, to identify populations and\/or individuals infected with CWD via detection of feces odors. Dogs were trained to detect and discriminate CWD infected white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) from non-infected white-tailed deer, obtained from targeted removal events conducted throughout the United States and several counties in western Tennessee, in a laboratory setting at the National Wildlife Research Center in Fort Collins, Colorado. Dogs were also transitioned from alerting to fecal samples to whole body odor using different sections of gastrointestinal tracts. This data publication provides data that describe the 1-in-5 bioassay for each experiments. Data include accuracy of dogs in training (January-August 2021), discrimination of feces from CWD infected white-tailed deer (August-September 2021), and transition to detection of CWD-positive volatile odors in tissue samples (October 2022).We hypothesized that the success of dogs in detecting avian influenza virus infection in mallard fecal samples could be repeated using dogs to detect fecal samples from CWD infected in comparison to non-infected white-tailed deer. We also conducted an experiment to determine if dogs could generalize what they learned from the odor of fecal samples from CWD infected deer to other body tissues (i.e., small intestine).For more information about this study and these data, see Golden et al. (2024).","keyword":["health","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Mammals","associative learning","olfaction","odor discrimination","operant behavior","United States","Colorado","Tennessee"],"spatial":"-128,20,-65,53","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/NWRC-RDS-2024-001","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/NWRC-RDS-2024-001","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-07-09"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"SHIFT: migration potential of suitable habitats for eastern United States trees","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0038","description":"This data publication includes colonization likelihoods of modeled habitat suitability for 121 eastern United States trees species under 1981-2010 climate conditions and projected future conditions (2070-2099) created using a statistical modeling approach that correlates mean importance values (i.e., relative abundance) to environmental data. Migration potential is simulated by computing colonization likelihoods using current species relative abundance, historical migration rates, current habitat fragmentation, and a search distance function to simulate long distance migration. End of century migration potential is achieved both inside and beyond the current range by matching future projections of habitat suitability from the DISTRIB-II model based on the length of time until reproductive maturity of individual tree species. End of century colonization likelihoods were intersected with future projections of DISTRIB-II habitat suitability models under representative concentration pathways (RCPs) 4.5 and 8.5 using the average habitat quality among three general circulation model (GCM) scenarios: NCAR Community Climate System Model (CCSM4), NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Coupled Model 3 (GFDL CM3), and Met Office Hadley Global Environment Model 2 - Earth System (HadGEM2 - ES). The resulting raster data provide an estimate of individual species migration potential (occupied, none, low, medium, high) by the end of the century based on modeled habitat suitability (low, medium, high).Knowing where suitable habitat for a species may exists and how likely species are able to migrate to newly suitable habitats in the future as a result of changing climatic conditions allows resource managers to plan for potential future conditions.For more information about these data, see Iverson et al. (2019; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/f10110989) and Peters et al. (2019; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ece3.5445).\n\nAdditional information and products are available at https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/Climate-Change-Tree-Atlas-v4.\n\nThese data were published on 05\/24\/2024. On 06\/26\/2024, metadata was updated to include the complete citation for a newly published data package referenced.","keyword":["climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","Climate change","Climatology","colonization likelihood","DISTRIB-II","importance value","migration potential","modeled niche","potential suitable habitat","SHIFT","tree species","Climate Change Atlas","eastern United States","Alabama","Arkansas","Connecticut","Delaware","District of Columbia","Florida","Georgia","Illinois","Indiana","Iowa","Kansas","Kentucky","Louisiana","Maine","Maryland","Massachusetts","Michigan","Minnesota","Mississippi","Missouri","Nebraska","New Hampshire","New Jersey","New York","North Carolina","North Dakota","Ohio","Oklahoma","Pennsylvania","Rhode Island","South Carolina","South Dakota","Tennessee","Texas","Vermont","Virginia","West Virginia","Wisconsin"],"spatial":"-106.10312,23.37177,-65.82494,50.30572","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0038","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0038","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-06-26"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Data and code for analyzing unequal access to social, environmental, and health amenities in United States urban parks","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0039","description":"This data publication contains racial\/ethnic population data within a 10-minute walk around each of 122,988 urban parks across the United States. These data represent information on the location of publicly accessible parks from the Trust for Public Lands ParkServe 2022 database. The ParkServe data also includes information about trail length, trail location, and playground size and location from 2022. Information on tree canopy comes from the Mult-Resolution Land Characteristics Consortium National Land Cover Database released in 2021 and which is based on imagery from 2019. Heat was calculated based on USGS Landsat data from June, July, and August of 2018, 2019, and 2020. Noise was based on modeled data from a 2014 National Parks Service Mapping Sound Project. Demographic information was aggregated to the block level excluding water using the United States 2020 Census. Data in this package include a comma-separated values (CSV) file with information about the characteristics of each park (e.g., size, number of trails, average land surface temperature), as well as transformed versions of this CSV file where parks are grouped by census division or other characteristics for the purpose of analysis. Additionally, CSV files are provided where the full data are summarized by both census division and racial\/ethnic groups (e.g., average temperature of parks in division 1) as well as the full results of statistical tests such as two way ANOVAs. The R code included in this package allows the user to reproduce the figures and conduct all statistical analysis from the associated article.Our study demonstrates how inequities in access to high quality parks are widespread across the country. We compared racial\/ethnic differences in access to higher quality parks within cities across the continental United States to answer the following research questions: 1) What is the racial\/ethnic composition of the population living within a 10-minute walk of U.S. urban parks in comparison to that city as a whole? 2) Does the distribution of park amenities differ with the racial\/ethnic composition of surrounding neighborhoods? 3) How do these patterns in proximity and quality vary across different regions of the U.S.?For more information about this study and these data, see Winkler et al. (2024).\n\t  \nThese data were published on 09\/10\/2024. Minor metadata updates made on 11\/08\/2024.","keyword":["boundaries","environment","location","society","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Geography","Landscape ecology","Environment and People","Quality of life","Recreation","Social values, ethics","Urban natural resources management","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Assessments","Natural Resource Management & Use","Ecosystem services","environmental justice","park access","park quality","racial equity","public health","urban parks","conterminous United States","CONUS"],"spatial":"-124.93000,25.54000,-66.95000,49.38000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0039","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0039","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-11-08"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Longleaf pine regional cone production study","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0040","description":"The number of green cones per tree produced by mature longleaf pines, at selected sites across the Southern Region, has been recorded during the spring of each year since 1958, beginning first at the Escambia Experimental Forest in Alabama for 8 years and then expanded to include several more sites during subsequent years in Louisiana, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, and North Carolina. These spring cone counts (during April and May) are used to forecast longleaf pine tree cone production for fall (late October). Annual average cone production is provided for 11 sites ranging from 1958 to 2024 (data collection at most sites began in the late 1960s). Also included are annual diameter at breast height (DBH) measurements collected for 10-50 longleaf pine trees in each of 25 different stands (amongst the 11 different sites), as well as green cone production counts for individual longleaf pine trees in 35 stands from 1989-2024. Data from the 1957-2013 Escambia Experimental Forest Pollen Production Study are also provided, which includes measurements such as annual pollen grain counts, date of highest pollen count, and quality of next year's cone crop based on number of green cones found per tree. Study plans for the longleaf pine seed production study at the Escambia Experimental Forest and the establishment report are provided, in addition to the 2023 and 2024 annual reports for this study, which encompasses several other locations in the Southern Region. Photographs taken at a few of the study site locations are also included.These data were originally collected to further understanding of the reproductive biology of longleaf pine and to provide useful information to forest managers and nursery managers about current cone crop quality. More recently, these data have been used by researchers who are analyzing the influence of climate change on the reproductive biology of longleaf pine and, thus, factors that may impair the long-term sustainability of this important tree species. These data can also be helpful to forest managers in their decision-making concerning whether or not to implement site preparation via prescribed burning during the period prior to seed fall. Forest tree nursery managers can also use it in planning their longleaf pine cone and seed collection activities. \n\t  \nThis ongoing study effort will continue generating new data that will be used to annually prepare a technical report, which forecasts longleaf pine cone production for each year, that is widely distributed to interested constituent groups and individuals.There are many publications containing detailed information about this study, which are provided as cross-references below.","keyword":["biota","Forest & Plant Health","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Pinus palustris","sustainability","restoration","regeneration","pollen","cones","seeds","Alabama","Florida","Georgia","Louisiana","North Carolina","South Carolina","Escambia Experimental Forest","Palustris Experimental Forest"],"spatial":"-92.5,29.7,-78.5,34.7","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0040","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0040","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-06-14"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Maps of abiotic susceptibility versus fire-induced conversion to cheatgrass dominance in the sagebrush biome and associated data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0041","description":"This data publication contains the results of four models of cheatgrass presence or dominance within the sagebrush biome from plot level data collected from 2004 through 2019 projected onto simulated predictions of climate and soil water availability based on the norms from 1980 through 2019 for the sagebrush biome of the western United States and two associated maps that combine the conditional models with fire risk assessment of 2020 fuelscape to better understand the impact of fire risk on cheatgrass presence or dominance risk. These data include: 1) predictive maps for the probability of the presence or dominance (>15% relative cover) for cheatgrass, Bromus tectorum, under burned and unburned conditions (4 raster files); 2) predictive maps for the total risk of cheatgrass presence or dominance given the determined fire risk (2 raster files); and 3) predictive maps of susceptibility of cheatgrass presence or dominance categories (susceptible to presence or dominance regardless of fire, resistant to presence or dominance regardless of fire, fire-induced dominance, and fire-reduced dominance) (2 raster files).\n\nAlso included are the plot level data used to create the models, which includes plot level climate and soil water availability predictions based on SOILWAT2 ecohydrological model and cheatgrass cover as recorded on site and cheatgrass relative cover (cheatgrass cover \/ sum of all species covers recorded on site) used to build the models (1 tabular file). Additionally, the raster of ecohydrologic conditions that the model was projected on to which includes predictive maps of climate and soil water availability long-term normals and interannual variability (1980-2019) that allowed the mapping of the models across the sagebrush biome (1 categorical raster file and 1 raster attribute table).The purpose of this work is to define: 1) the environmental niche (presence\/absence models) and potential risk of cheatgrass dominance (>15% relative cover) of cheatgrass burned and unburned conditions; 2) the total risk of cheatgrass presence\/absence and dominance (risk under both burned conditions) given current fire risk; 3) the cheatgrass susceptibility types, categorization of the impact of fire on cheatgrass presence or dominance (high risk regardless of fire, low risk regardless of fire, increase of risk under burned conditions, decreased risk under unburned conditions); and 4) provide access to the underlying data that produced the maps.For complete details regarding these data, see Urza et al. (2024).","keyword":["biota","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Ecology","Landscape ecology","Plant ecology","Geography","Fire","Fire ecology","Forest & Plant Health","Botany","Invasive species","Rangeland plants","Natural Resource Management & Use","Range management & grazing","Landscape management","biogeography","sagebrush","cheatgrass","resistance to invasion","resistance","dominance","fire-induced conversion","grass-fire cycle","invasive annual grass","species distribution model","climate suitability","arid","semi-arid","invasive plants","JFSP","Joint Fire Science Program","western United States","Utah","Nevada","California","Oregon","Washington","Montana","Idaho","Wyoming","Arizona","New Mexico","Colorado","North Dakota","South Dakota","North America","Intermountain West","Great Basin","sagebrush biome"],"spatial":"-124.78720,32.52960,-101.21440,50.84310","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0041","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0041","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-08-13"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Middle Fork Salmon River, Idaho, Chinook salmon redd count database, 1995-2021","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0042","description":"The Middle Fork Salmon River (MFSR) in Idaho is managed as a designated wild anadromous fish sanctuary with the objective of preserving the genetic integrity of wild, native salmonids. Despite abundant, high-quality natal (spawning and rearing) habitat, absence of hatchery fish, and low harvest rates, MFSR Chinook salmon and steelhead remain at risk of extirpation, primarily from factors outside the MFSR basin within the migration corridors of the Columbia and Snake rivers, estuaries, and the ocean. Habitat conditions throughout most of the MFSR are in excellent condition, and key limiting factors affecting these populations are from outside natal spawning and rearing areas. Concern for the persistence of Snake River Chinook salmon culminated in a final rule that listed Snake River spring-summer Chinook salmon as \u201cThreatened\u201d under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) of 1973.\n\nThis data publication contains tabular (comma-separated values file) and vector spatial data (shapefile and geopackage) of a spatiotemporal analysis of Chinook salmon distribution in the Middle Fork Salmon River drainage. The data were compiled from spatially continuous redd surveys (nest counts) encompassing all potential Chinook salmon spawning areas within the MFSR. Spatially continuous surveys were conducted via low-level helicopter flights and\/or ground observers annually from 1995-2021 after Chinook salmon had completed spawning and while redds remained visible. The surveys were timed to coincide with the period of maximum spawning activity on a particular stream, and each transect was therefore assigned a target count-time window based on historic observations. Data include the longitude and latitude of the MFSR redds locations, name of the stream, year, and survey method (ground or helicopter).Since 1995, the USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station (RMRS) biologists have conducted spatially continuous redd surveys (nest counts) encompassing all potential Chinook salmon spawning areas within the MFSR. RMRS goals were to improve monitoring of ESA-listed MFSR Chinook salmon populations and to improve understanding of the spatial and temporal characteristics of salmon population dynamics. The spatially continuous surveys were also developed to complement index-area redd surveys, provide more accurate escapement estimates, and increase analytical power.","keyword":["biota","environment","geoscientificInformation","inlandWaters","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Animal ecology","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Fish","Chinook salmon","redds","distribution","Idaho","Middle Fork Salmon River","Frank Church River of No Return Wilderness"],"spatial":"-115.54802,44.21631,-114.35481,45.31307","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0042","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0042","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-06-26"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Experimental precipitation manipulation impacts leaf economic trait relationships in a C4 perennial grass","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0043","description":"The data in this publication were used to examine the impacts of experimental precipitation manipulation (extremely dry, average, extremely wet) on the relationship between gene expression, biomass production, and the expression of three phenotypes that describe leaf economics strategies (leaf nitrogen concentration, leaf mass per area, photosynthetic rate on a leaf mass basis). Six tetraploid (4x) genotypes of the candidate bioenergy grass, switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), were used in a rainout shelter facility at the USDA-ARS Grassland Soil and Water Research Lab in Temple, Texas, USA. The study began in 2011; leaf economics trait data were collected in June 2012 and biomass production was measured at the end of the growing season in November 2012.The genetic contribution to intraspecific (co)variation in leaf economics traits is rarely studied, perhaps because it is difficult to isolate genetic from environmental effects in the natural field environments. To better understand intraspecific trait variation, six diverse genotypes of the grass Panicum virgatum (switchgrass) were grown across an experimental precipitation.For more information about this study and these data, see Heckman et al. (accepted).","keyword":["farming","biota","Forest & Plant Health","Botany","Natural Resource Management & Use","extreme precipitation","functional ecology","leaf economics strategy","leaf mass per area","local adaptation","Panicum virgatum","switchgrass","Texas","Temple"],"spatial":"-97.347861,31.057869,-97.347144,31.0582","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0043","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0043","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-02-24"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"DISTRIB-II: forest types of eastern United States and potential departure under climate change","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0044","description":"Modeled habitat suitability for 104 eastern United States trees species under 1981-2010 climate conditions and projected future conditions (2070-2099) were created using a statistical modeling approach that correlates mean importance values (e.g., relative abundance) to environmental data such as climate, elevation, and soil. The importance values were used to train a latent Dirichlet allocation model to define 11 forest types. Swapping 30-year mean climate conditions for a baseline period (1981-2010) with projections for the future (2070-2099) results in potential suitable habitat representing a species potential abundance and was used to estimate possible departures in the current forest type communities. Downscaled future climate projections were obtained from the NASA Earth Exchange Downscaled Climate Projections (NEX-DCP30) program. Output from three general circulation models (GCM) were used to explore possible changes in habitat suitability resulting from climate change and included the NCAR Community Climate System Model (CCSM4), NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Coupled Model 3 (GFDL CM3), and Met Office Hadley Global Environment Model 2 - Earth System (HadGEM2 - ES). Projections under the representative concentration pathways (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 were used to encapsulate the range of plausible increases in greenhouse gases during this century. The resulting vector digital data include climate information, dominant forest type, summed importance value of dominant forest type species community, and summed importance value of other potential species.Defining forest types based on species modeled habitat suitability provides a landscape-level classification of the dominant species community. Attempting to quantify the potential departure from the current forest type under future climate scenarios by accounting for the potential change in climate conditions and possible changes to habitat suitability for tree species reflects the complex interactions and response each contribute.For more information about these data, see Peters et al. (2022, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10980-022-01436-6), Iverson et al. (2019; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/f10110989), and Peters et al. (2019; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ece3.5445).\n\nAdditional information and products are available at https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/Climate-Change-Tree-Atlas-v4.\n\nThis data publication supersedes any data associated with Iverson et al. (2008; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foreco.2007.07.023).","keyword":["climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","Climate change","Climatology","forest type","tree communities","modeled niche","potential suitable habitat","tree species","importance value","DISTRIB-II","Climate Change Atlas","eastern United States","Alabama","Arkansas","Connecticut","Delaware","District of Columbia","Florida","Georgia","Illinois","Indiana","Iowa","Kansas","Kentucky","Louisiana","Maine","Maryland","Massachusetts","Michigan","Minnesota","Mississippi","Missouri","Nebraska","New Hampshire","New Jersey","New York","North Carolina","North Dakota","Ohio","Oklahoma","Pennsylvania","Rhode Island","South Carolina","South Dakota","Tennessee","Texas","Vermont","Virginia","West Virginia","Wisconsin"],"spatial":"-106.13862,23.37177,-65.53360,50.39732","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0044","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0044","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-06-26"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Census of trees at Blacks Mountain Experimental Forest, Lassen County, California from 1933-1934","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0045","description":"This data publication contains original tree data collected in 1933 and 1934. The effort was done to complete a census of all trees greater than 3.5 inches diameter at breast height (dbh) at Blacks Mountain Experimental Forest (BMEF) in Lassen County, California. It was conducted under the supervision of Austin Hasel. This Experimental Forest is approximately 10,000 acres and was subdivided into 2.5-acre spatially-referenced plots for data collection. On each 2.5-acre plot, all trees greater 3.5 inches dbh were tallied by 2-inch diameter class, Dunning vigor class, and species (incense cedar, white fir, or ponderosa pine\/Jeffrey pine which were combined for this study). Scans of the original field sheets are included, as well as a tabular digital version of the data.The original purpose of the study was to investigate different means of sampling forest trees in the pine region of California and also to establish a sound baseline of data to inform management of the Experimental Forest.","keyword":["environment","Forest & Plant Health","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","tree diameter","timbered area","census","incense cedar","Calocedrus decurrens","white fir","Abies concolor","ponderosa pine","Pinus ponderosa","Jeffrey pine","Pinus jeffreyi","Blacks Mountain Experimental Forest","California","Lassen County"],"spatial":"-121.189,40.697,-121.102,40.759","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0045","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0045","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-07-02"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"A worldwide wolverine distribution model based on late-spring snow cover from 2000-2006","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0046","description":"This data publication contains raster datasets (GeoTiff format) developed using MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) classified satellite images for 24 April to 15 May from 2000 to 2006 to depict persistent snow cover occurring at the end of the wolverine's reproductive denning period throughout the circumboreal region. There are 3 grids contained in this package, each of which corresponds to a distinct portion of the region: (1) North America, (2) Scandinavia and Eurasia, and (3) Southern Europe. Each MODIS image was re-classified into 4 cover classes (snow, bare ground, cloud, night) for each of the 7 years. A portion of each daily MODIS image was typically obscured by clouds or, occasionally, by night. Generating cloud- and night-free images required compositing the 21 consecutive daily images from 24 April to 15 May. If grid cells were classified as bare ground for any day within this time period, they were retained as bare ground in the final coverage. This resulted in a final late-spring snow cover layer that was limited to areas with snow cover that persisted through 15 May. We then summed all annual snow layers for the 7-year period to create a coverage that depicted the number of years out of 7 that each pixel was classified as snow (hereafter, the late-spring snow coverage). Regions of persistent glaciation (e.g., Greenland), and arctic regions >=80\u00b0 N latitude, were excluded from the late-spring snow coverage due to predictably consistent snow cover during that time of year.These coverages were created for the purpose of investigating correlations between the geographic distribution of late-spring snow cover and the geographic distribution of wolverines throughout the circumboreal region during the period of time that encompasses the end of the wolverine's reproductive denning period.The results of this research are presented in Copeland et al. (2010) and  users of this raster dataset should refer to that publication for additional details.\n\t  \nThese data were published on 07\/02\/2024. Minor metadata updates were made on 07\/30\/2024.","keyword":["biota","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Animal ecology","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Mammals","wolverine","geographic distribution","late-spring snow cover","classified MODIS imagery","Gulo gulo","Wolverine","circumboreal region","North America","Scandinavia","Eurasia","Southern Europe"],"spatial":"-180.00000,29.99695,-29.23705,80.00000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0046","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0046","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-07-30"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Silvicultural effects on first-rotation ponderosa pine plantation in northern California: Garden of Eden study","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0047","description":"This data publication includes tabular tree measurement data of ponderosa pine grown at six installations in northern California under an experiment named the Garden of Eden study. At each installation, 24 plots under a completely randomized plot design were assigned eight factorial treatment combinations of a control, herbicide to control competing vegetation, fertilizer, insecticide. Due to lack of insect outbreaks and visible damage in the plots as well as surround forests, some plots were thinned between the ages of 8 and 12 based on site quality. Each plot consisted of 20 trees, each of which were measured 5-8 times (varies per installation) between 1986 and 2021. Measurements include: tree height, diameter at 20 centimeters above ground-level when trees were small, diameter at breast height (at 1.37 meters) when they were tall enough, crown width, and height to the live crown. In the early years (trees aged 1-8), additional height measurements were taken by measuring whorls at Elkhorn, Feather Falls, and Whitmore in years where standard tree measurements were not taken. Study site locations are also provided as vector point data in multiple spatial formats.The original objectives of the study were to: (1) to determine the growth potential of planted ponderosa pine in California as constrained or enhanced by moisture availability, nutrient availability, insects, and their interactions; (2) to investigate how these factors affect tree physiology, pest resistance, nutrient and water use, plant succession, and other site processes; and (3) to develop a process-based model to estimate the effects of herbicides, fertilizer, and insecticide treatments over a broad array of forest sites.These data have been summarized in various publications since 1984 (see cross-references listed below).","keyword":["biota","environment","Climate change","Carbon","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Forest & Plant Health","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Natural Resource Management & Use","long-term silvicultural research plots","fertilization","herbicide to control competing vegetation","productivity","Ponderosa pine","plantation","ponderosa pine zone","California"],"spatial":"-123.05440,39.61930,-121.09980,41.88690","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0047","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0047","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-07-03"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Point frame vegetation data collected 1989-2023 at the International Tundra Experiment (ITEX) experimental warming plots and the Toolik-Imnavait 1 km ambient grids in the North Slope of Alaska","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0048","description":"The Arctic is warming at more than twice the rate of the global average. The International Tundra Experiment (ITEX) was established in the early 1990s to understand the effects of environmental variability as a result of climate change on tundra vegetation. This data publication includes tabular plant community composition and structure data for four sites in the North Slope of Alaska, USA that are part of the ITEX: 1) 1-square kilometer (km\u00b2) ambient grid near Toolik Lake (85 plots), 2) 1 km\u00b2 ambient grid near Imnavait Creek (71 plots), 3) one experimentally warmed manipulated site near Toolik Lake (21 control plots and 21 treated plots), and 4) a snow depth manipulated site near Toolik Lake (25 control plots and 23 treated plots). Treated plots were warmed with open-top chambers which raised the ambient air temperature 2-3 degrees Celsius. Data at the two ambient sites were collected approximately every four to six years from 1989 to 2023. The experimentally warmed\/snow manipulated plots were sampled approximately every two to five years from 1994-2023. Measurements at points on each plot include: the height of the top (canopy) and bottom (understory) vegetation structures relative to the ground; whether the vegetation was live or standing dead; and whether the vegetation was a woody or non-woody structure. Species, or the large taxa, was also recorded.These data were collected as part of an ongoing monitoring study that is part of the International Tundra Experiment (ITEX). The purpose of the study is to understand the long-term effects of environmental variablility as a result of climate change on tundra vegetation.For more information about this study and these data, see Wahren et al. (2005).","keyword":["biota","Climate change","Climate change effects","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Plant ecology","Forest & Plant Health","Climate effects","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","ITEX","vegetation species","vegetation cover","point framing","arctic","tundra","OTC (open-top chamber)","snowfence","Alaska","Imnavait Creek","Toolik Lake","North Slope"],"spatial":"-149.61900,68.60900,-149.30100,68.62600","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0048","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0048","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-03-12"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Field plot measurements from the 2017-2020 FASMEE Rx fires","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0049","description":"This is a database of fuels (i.e., vegetation) characteristics measured before (pre-fire) and after (post-fire) a series of prescribed fires, from 2017 to 2020, on the Richfield Ranger District of the Fishlake National Forest in central Utah. A total of five prescribed burns were conducted during this period. These were stand-replacing burns in forests dominated by subalpine fir. Their purpose was to remove the coniferous overstory and promote regeneration of quaking aspen. The Blackline burns were implemented to mitigate fuels adjacent to, and in the likely downwind direction from, the Manning Creek prescribed burn unit, to reduce the chance of an escape. Burn units were generally on the order of 50-500 hectares and ignited with a heli-torch. Pre- and post-fire estimates of biomass for aboveground fuels were collected for each stratum to characterize.\n\nData include measurements taken pre- and post-fire (October 2016 - July 2021). The total number of plots per prescribed burn were as follows: fall 2017 (n = 6), fall 2018 (n = 10), spring 2019 (n = 40), fall 2019 (n = 25), and fall 2020 (n = 60). This package includes fuel data for each fuel stratum including: downed woody debris, standing vegetation, and overstory. Surface fuel data presented in two forms: 1) raw field data and 2) estimated biomass derived from the field data. Overstory data includes: diameter, tree status, height and canopy characteristics. Fuel moisture data (only in 2018, 2019, and 2021) includes: slow drying fuels (collected 1-2 days prior to the burns within the burn unit) and quick drying fuels (collected during the burn at a proxy location outside of the burn unit).The Fire and Smoke Model Evaluation Experiment (FASMEE) is a nationwide, multi-agency effort that is advancing fire and smoke science and modeling capabilities. Information from this effort will help land managers in several ways that include: 1) increasing the use of managed fire, 2) improving firefighting strategies, 3) enhancing smoke forecasts, and 4) better assessments of carbon stores and fire-climate interactions.\n\nFASMEE provides unparalleled opportunities to brin thanks excavation point g together new technology and the next generation of fire researchers in the largest coordinated fire research project to date. The fuels information contained in this data publication provides pre-and post-fire characterization of representative fuel beds within each burn unit and estimates of biomass consumption. These data were utilized by participating research groups to develop or evaluate models including fuel consumption, fire behavior, fuels mapping, emissions, and smoke dispersion.For more information about this study and these data, see McCarley et al. (2024).\n\t  \nThese data were published on 08\/20\/2024. On 11\/04\/2024, we discovered that two data files had a few incorrect plot numbers and a few data entries were duplicated. These corrections have been made and the Process Steps below provides specific details.","keyword":["biota","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Landscape ecology","Fire","Prescribed fire","fuels","fuel models","smoke models","aboveground biomass","subalpine forest","Abies lasiocarpa","Populus tremuloides","consumption","ground truth data","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","Utah","Fishlake National Forest"],"spatial":"-112.18,38.38,-111.89,38.70","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0049","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0049","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-11-04"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Terrestrial laser scanning and low magnetic field digitization data for coarse roots of 32-year-old Pinus ponderosa trees","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0050","description":"This data publication includes digital scanning data of ten Pinus ponderosa root systems excavated in 2017. These trees were outplanted in the University of Idaho Experimental Forest in northern Idaho, USA in 1986 as one-year-old seedlings. We scanned each excavated root system using Low Magnetic Field Digitization and Terrestrial Laser Scanning, collecting data on every root greater than 1 centimeter (cm) diameter. Low Magnetic Field Digitization data include Cartesian coordinates for position of measurement points (taken every 2 to 5 cm along the root), root topology, and root segment diameters. Terrestrial Laser Scanning data include point cloud Cartesian coordinates.The primary objective was to determine if the two scanning techniques would yield similar results for root architectural traits.For more information about these data and this study, see Montagnoli et al. (2024).","keyword":["biota","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","Landscape management","Restoration","Pinus ponderosa","ponderosa pine","forest regeneration","root system architecture","remote sensing","AMAPmod","Lidar","tree stability","Idaho","Latah County","University of Idaho Experimental Forest"],"spatial":"-116.87104,46.84224,-116.87104,46.84224","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0050","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0050","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-07-15"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Wilderness Science Application and Delivery: Google Jamboard data from 2022 data gathering sessions","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0051","description":"These data are wilderness managers' and management partners' Google Jamboard responses to questions posed by originators at seven virtual data gathering sessions. Data gathering sessions were held from May through October 2022 and included questions about routine decisions and tasks, the information managers use to support those decisions, use of science in decision making, successes and challenges moving science into action, trust of scientists, and keys to success or failure of co-produced science. Resulting data includes individual data files, containing free text responses, for each question.This study was designed for the overall goal of strengthening science support and integration in wilderness management. Specifically, the research objectives were to better understand wilderness managers\u2019 decision-making context and the role science plays in current decision-making, and to identify opportunities to strengthen the use of science in wilderness management.For more information about these data, see Redmore et al. (in review).","keyword":["boundaries","location","society","planningCadastre","Environment and People","Decision making, public involvement","Natural Resource Management & Use","Wilderness","wilderness stewardship planning","best available science","science-based management","research-management gap","co-production","National Wilderness Preservation System","United States"],"spatial":"-160.219750,25.049914,-66.991495,71.326754","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0051","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0051","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-07-18"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:32"],"programCode":["005:051"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Data for sound comparisons of auditory frightening devices and antipredator responses of nuisance blackbirds","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/NWRC-RDS-2024-002","description":"In August 2022, at a recently harvested agricultural field in Foster County, North Dakota, we collected sound attenuation data within the hearing range of blackbirds (Icteridae) for a propane cannon, rifle and shotgun within 500 meters of the detonation point. We also examined the responses (i.e., relaxed, vigilant, startled) of 32 red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) and 32 brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater) to blasts when placed 15\u2013495 meters from a cannon. The August 2020 study took place on flat terrain in a harvested agricultural field with no vegetative barriers at the North Dakota State University Agronomy Seed Farm in Casselton, North Dakota. Birds were placed in small, individual cages (covered to minimize visual stimuli) and we evaluated startle responses to the impulsive sound of the cannon with two experiments: 1) incremental, where we exposed birds to a series of blasts at decreasing distances and 2) random assignment, where we randomly assigned birds a distance and exposed them to four cannon blasts in quick succession. This data publication contains the data from both studies and the R code used to analyze these data.The study was designed to measure sound attenuation of three tools used as frightening devices (i.e., propane cannon, rifle, and shotgun) at frequencies within bird hearing capabilities and to assess responses of birds to a propane cannon blast as a function of distance, and how responses change with repeated blasts.For more information about this study and these data, see Duttenhefner and Klug (2024).\t  \n\t  \nThese data were published on 08\/02\/2024. On 10\/24\/2024, metadata was updated to include reference to newly published article.","keyword":["biota","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Birds","acoustics","frightening devices","avian hearing","hazing","sensory ecology","vertebrate pests","wildlife damage management","North Dakota"],"spatial":"-98.87056,46.883543,-97.234750,47.514444","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/NWRC-RDS-2024-002","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/NWRC-RDS-2024-002","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-10-24"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"August 1986 Annaburro Station prescribed fires F19 and C064: Fire Dynamics Simulator evaluation data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0052","description":"This data publication contains data from two outdoor fire experiments conducted on August 18th and 20th of 1986 on a flood plain of the Mary River at Annaburro Station in Northern Territory, Australia. These two experiments are part of a more significant experimental effort conducted at the Annaburroo Station in July and August of 1986, involving 170 burn blocks of various sizes. Fuels at the study site were continuous open grasslands that were fully cured. \n\nThe data publication contains oblique aerial photographs taken during the two experimental fires from a Bell 47-G helicopter. Additionally, the publication includes digitized coordinates of the fire lines from the aerial photographs. Tabular data contain measurements obtained from these coordinates of the maximum forward rate of spread of the fire, the fire's rate of spread, and calculated flame depth. The vegetation type in each burn block is documented along with fuel moisture content, height, and load. Ocular estimations of flame height, flame angle, and percent of grass curing are provided for each burn block. Additionally, wind speed, air temperature, relative humidity, and solar radiation measurements from a meteorological station near the study area's center are provided. Wind speed measurements recorded in an open area within 800 meters upwind of the burn blocks as well as wind magnitude measurements from a sensitive cup anemometer at each corner of the burn block are also included.This data publication is provided to support the evaluation and development of fire behavior models, including three-dimensional, time-dependent fire behavior models. The lack of publicly available, co-located, synchronized, quality-assured measures of pre-fire, active fire, and post-fire conditions (i.e., integrated datasets) hinders our ability to advance fire models. This data package addresses this problem of data availability by providing one of the few datasets to evaluate and advance fire models, even though relatively simple, with limited geospatial information available for the data. The data provided in this publication were used to assess the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) for the development of the entire fire perimeter at these two outdoor fires. As such, it can also be used to compare results from other models to those obtained by the FDS.\n\nWildfires and wildland-urban interface (WUI) fires are driven by complex physical and chemical processes operating on vastly different scales, whose interactions depend on the coupling between the atmosphere, topography, fire, and solid fuels. Both wildland and WUI fires are challenging, if not impossible, to study with full-scale repeatable experiments in the field due to their expense, safety implications, and variations in atmosphere, terrain, and fuel conditions. Yet, a long-standing need has been to improve our understanding of these fires.\n\nSuitably validated coupled atmosphere-fire models are one way to address these problems. Three-dimensional, time-dependent coupled fire-atmosphere models are based on approximations of the governing equations of fluid dynamics, combustion, and the thermal degradation of solid fuel. They require significantly more computational resources than the most commonly used fire spread models, semi-empirical or empirical. However, few public datasets exist despite extensive efforts over the past decade to acquire datasets to support the evaluation and development of fire models. Consequently, despite limitations as discussed in this metadata document, the data contained in this package demonstrate the possibility of providing such data to evaluate fire models from an effort conducted almost forty years ago.For more information on the experimental effort conducted at the Annaburroo Station in July and August of 1986, see Cheney et al. (1993). For more information on fire models and the Fire Dynamics Simulator, see McNamara and Mell (2021) as well as Mell et al. (2007).","keyword":["biota","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","environment","imageryBaseMapsEarthCover","Climatology","Fire","Fire ecology","fire perimeter","fire modeling","fire behavior","wildland fire","evaluation","validation","Australia","Annaburroo Station","Mary River","Northern Territories"],"spatial":"131.63170,-12.91764,131.70253,-12.92433","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0052","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0052","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-07-24"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:32"],"programCode":["005:051"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Blackbird flock dispersal and abandonment data in response to drone hazing with an avian repellent in sunflower","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/NWRC-RDS-2024-003","description":"We evaluated the capability of a spraying drone (DJI Agras MG-1P) deploying a repellent (Avian Control\u00ae; active ingredient: methyl anthranilate) or water to evoke abandonment, flock reductions, latency to return, and behavioral changes of blackbirds (Icteridae) foraging in sunflower (Helianthus annuus). We flew the spraying drone directly at the flock for hazing, while simultaneously applying the avian repellent (8-minute hazing period). We conducted 15-minute observational periods before and immediately after the hazing period to estimate flock size (number of birds), number of times the flock took flight (tally of lift-offs), and total time flock spent in flight (seconds). We evaluated changes in flight behavior after drone exposure and during the hazing period when flocks were exposed to either a repellent (i.e., methyl anthranilate) or control (i.e., water). This study was implemented between August 2021 through October 2022 in multiple counties in North Dakota, USA where blackbird damage to sunflowers is prevalent. This data publication contains the data and R code used analyze these data.We designed the study to evaluate the efficacy of combining drone hazing with the avian repellent applied via a spraying drone to reduce bird activity in sunflower and ultimately reduce crop damage.For more information about this study and these data, see Duttenhefner et al. (2024).\n\t  \nThese data were published on 08\/09\/2024. On 10\/24\/2024, metadata was updated to include reference to newly published article.","keyword":["biota","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Birds","chemical deterrent","human-wildlife interactions","integrated pest management","IPM","methyl anthranilate","negative stimuli","unmanned aerial vehicle","UAV","North Dakota"],"spatial":"-103.230133,45.942925,-96.762420,48.999464","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/NWRC-RDS-2024-003","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/NWRC-RDS-2024-003","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-10-24"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"The Fireshed Registry: Fireshed and subfireshed boundaries for the continental United States and Alaska","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0054-3","description":"The Fireshed Registry is a geospatial dashboard and decision tool built to organize information about wildfire transmission to communities and monitor progress towards risk reduction for communities from management investments. The concept behind the Fireshed Registry is to identify and map the source of risk rather than what is at risk across all lands in the continental United States (CONUS) and Alaska. While the Fireshed Registry was organized around mapping the source of fire risk to communities, the framework does not preclude the assessment of other resource management priorities and trends such as water, fish and aquatic or wildlife habitat, or recreation. The Fireshed Registry is also a multi-scale decision tool for quantifying, prioritizing, and geospatially displaying wildfire transmission to buildings in adjacent or nearby communities.\n\nFireshed areas in the Fireshed Registry are approximately 250,000 acre accounting units that are delineated based on smoothed building exposure maps of the continental United States and Alaska. These boundaries were created by dividing up the landscape into regular-sized units that represent similar source levels of community exposure to wildfire risk. Subfiresheds are approximately 25,000 acre accounting units nested within firesheds. This data publication includes two separate geodatabases, one for CONUS and one for Alaska, both geodatabases containing both firesheds and subfiresheds: boundaries, size, total annual number of buildings inside and outside of the area exposed by wildfires ignited within the area (based on 2014 fuels conditions), and percent of the area that has been disturbed since 2014 (2015-2018). See metadata for the individual geodatabases and feature classes for more details.The fireshed and subfireshed boundaries are designed to delineate hotspots of fire transmission to adjacent or nearby communities to facilitate cohesive cross-boundary risk mitigation planning.This data publication is the third edition of the Fireshed Registry. The first edition included the continental United States (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0054). The second edition (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0054-2) was created only to include firesheds and project areas for Alaska. This third edition changes the name of fireshed \"project areas\" to \"subfiresheds\"; the data for CONUS have not been modified from previous versions.\n\t  \nThis third edition was published on 07\/30\/2024. Minor metadata updates were made on 11\/20\/2024.","keyword":["geoscientificInformation","Fire","Fire effects on environment","Wildland\/urban interface","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","wildfire","wildfire exposure","wildfire transmission","wildfire management","United States"],"spatial":"-179.0,22.932504,-65.329158,71.377684","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0054-3","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0054-3","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-11-20"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Foliar metabolites from three species or breeding generations of chestnuts with soil data collected from xeric and sub-mesic sites in northern Pennsylvania, USA","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0054","description":"This data publication contains tabular foliar data from American chestnut, Chinese chestnut, and American backcross hybrid, together with tabular relative soil data, collected from three locations classified as xeric and three as sub-mesic, all in in northern Pennsylvania, USA. The six sites ranged from Warren County in the west to Potter County in the east, and formed a soil moisture gradient. The foliar metabolites and soil characteristics are part of a study on the impacts of site conditions on tree health as to the re-introduction and establishment of three species of breeding generations of chestnut. From August 10 to 16, 2015, foliage from five randomly selected American chestnut, Chinese chestnut, and American backcross hybrid was collected from six plots representing two different soil moisture regimes (SMR) with Integrated Moisture Indices (IMI) ranging from 29.4 at the driest to 55.6 at the wettest site. Foliar data includes free polyamines, free amino acids, soluble ions, chlorophyll, and soluble protein analyzed by HPLC, ICP-OES and spectrophotometer.\n\nFive soil samples (soil profile with A, B, and E horizons; E present only at some sites) were collected twice (2014 and 2020) from pits near the foliar sampling sites. During the 2014 growing season, five replicate samples were combined into one representative sample per horizon for analysis. For soils collected in the summer of 2020, five replicates from each horizon were analyzed individually. Soil data includes SMR, IMI, plant available water, soil pH, % organic matter, Nitrate-Nitrogen (N), Ammonium-N, exchangeable ions, acidity, effective cation exchange capacity, % sand\/silt\/clay, and soil texture by pH meter, Flow Injection Analysis-Ion Analyzer, Titration, and ICP-OES.The goal of this study was to evaluate if and how site soil moisture characteristics impact foliar physiology and metabolism of three types of chestnuts planted in managed forests within northern Pennsylvania.For additional information about this study and these data, see Pinchot et al. (2020).","keyword":["biota","environment","geoscientificInformation","Climate change","Ecological adaptation","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Ecology","Plant ecology","Soil","Forest & Plant Health","Botany","polyamines","amino acids","exchangeable ions","chlorophyll","soluble protein","foliar physiology","metabolism","nutrients","American chestnut","Chinese chestnut","American backcross hybrid W4-75","soil chemistry","soil moisture regime","xeric","sub-mesic","integrated moisture index","Pennsylvania","Warren County","Potter County"],"spatial":"-79.18984,41.50643,-77.90593,41.87420","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0054","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0054","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-07-30"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Tree field observations within an insect-affected forest collected in 2018 near Elk City, Idaho","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0055","description":"This data publication contains tree observations (n = 1,361) made within the Nez Perce National Forest near Elk City, Idaho, in August and September 2018. Trees were measured within 56 circular fixed-radius plots, which had plot radii of 11.3 meters and were 400 square meters in area. Plots were located in areas of insect-caused tree mortality, as indicated by USDA Insect and Disease Detection Survey polygons, to sample a variety of tree mortality agents and severities. These observations were then used to train and evaluate the classification of satellite imagery to map tree mortality. Tabular data include tree species, health, diameter at breast height, crown class, insect mortality agent, beetle attack status, years since death, and location information.Tree observations were gathered for a project entitled \"Assessing newly developed intensity metrics of aerial survey tree disturbance mapping\", which was funded by the USDA Forest Service Special Technology Development Program (STDP). The research was accomplished in collaboration with Dr. Arjan Meddens, first at the University of Idaho through Joint Venture Agreement 18-JV-11221633-195 and then at Washington State University through Joint Venture Agreement 19-JV-11221633-189. The goal of this project was to assess the accuracy of USDA Insect and Disease Detection Survey data using satellite imagery.For more information about these data, see Bright et al. (2020, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/f11050529).","keyword":["biota","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Forest & Plant Health","Animal damage","Insects","Plant diseases","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","trees","conifers","forests","insect-caused tree mortality","field observations","Idaho","Nez Perce National Forest"],"spatial":"-115.92490,45.74763,-115.52870,46.01206","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0055","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0055","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-08-01"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Pre-treatment cruise of the Goosenest Adaptive Management Area Study, Siskiyou County, California from 1995-1996","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0056","description":"This data publication contains observations representing the initial conditions (prior to experimental treatment application) for trees in the Goosenest Adaptive Management Area study in northeastern California. The intent was to quickly obtain basal area per acre and trees per acre metrics for twenty 100-acre treatment units in 1995 and 1996. This interdisciplinary long-term study is now essentially complete as the entire area burned over in the Antelope Fire in August of 2021. The original intent of the study was to investigate responses to an array of treatments conceived to accelerate late-seral characteristics in a 70-year-old cut-over area of the Klamath National Forest. Variable-radius (20 BAF) plots were all spatially referenced using an established array of grid points indexed to the UTM. These monumented grid locations were on a 100-meter square spacing. For this cruise we increased the sample size by placing some plots half-way between grid monuments. While the monuments represent a known location to approximately 6-inch precision, the \"in-between\" plots were paced in using a hand compass so they have a much lower (unknown) precision. For the purposes of this effort, it was decided that we did not need precise tree-per-acre density so we estimated tree diameters to a 4-inch diameter class, rather than the more customary measurement of tree diameter to the nearest 0.1-inch. Data include basal area for each of five species (ponderosa pine, true fir, sugar pine, incense-cedar and other conifers), by 4-inch diameter classes for all grid points and \"in-between\" plots for each of the twenty 100-acre treatment units. Trees per acre for each of the species and diameter classes are also provided. Additionally, scans of the original field sheets are also included. Treatments applied after this data collection effort by random selection were: control (no subsequent treatments), bigtree (largest trees retained regardless of species or other factors), pineonly (larger trees retained favoring retention of pine), and pinewfire (pineonly treatment followed by application of prescribed fire).The data were used to (A) locate dense pockets of fir in the 10 plots randomly selected to have a group selection component to the treatments, and (B) document the pre-treatment stand conditions. In establishing group selection areas within the treatment units, we wanted to target aggregations of fir for group selection location under a constraint that for each 100-acre treatment area, there would be 15 acres of group selection and the groups would be limited in size to about 3 acres maximum. Since the groups were planned for planting of ponderosa pine, this would tend to move species composition towards greater emphasis on ponderosa pine over time as the plantations developed.For more information about this study and these data, see Ritchie (2005) and Ritchie (1997).","keyword":["biota","environment","Forest & Plant Health","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Pinus ponderosa","Abies concolor","basal area","trees per acre","California","Siskiyou County","Goosenest Adaptive Management Area"],"spatial":"-121.9058,41.5369,-121.8146,41.5993","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0056","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0056","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-08-02"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Willamette River decadal assessment fish dataset","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0057","description":"Natural habitats and communities may change for a variety of reasons but understanding if a change has occurred and its extent requires knowing the original state. The Willamette River Decadal Assessment is an extensive survey primarily of the middle and upper portions of the Willamette River, Oregon, serving as a measurement of baseline conditions for future decades. This Willamette Decadal Assessment fish dataset consists of tabular data from freshwater fish surveys over multiple years in 2 decades, 2011-2013 and 2021-2023. Each decade contains sampling locations within the Willamette River between the mouth (confluence with Columbia River) and the upstream confluence with the McKenzie River. Sampling sites used the SLICES framework for dividing the Willamette River into approximately 1 kilometer river sections of either the mainstem river or off-channel slough areas. Thirteen sentinel slices were included in the survey each year, although sampling some slices was not permitted in certain years due to high water temperatures. Additional sampling sites were randomly selected from the remaining slices. Sampling included boat electroshocking passes and backpack electrofishing samples. Captured native and nonnative individuals were identified to species, except for lamprey. Fish observed but not captured or measured are identified by a separate code. Tabular data include information such as GPS coordinates, fish length, weight, mortality, and species.These data were collected as part of the Willamette Decadal Assessment project. The goal of this assessment is to understand fish community species composition within the Willamette River and how it might change over time, including any potential distribution shifts or changes in species richness. This dataset spans 2 decades, allowing for comparisons between decades as well as serving as a baseline for future freshwater fish surveys in the river.For more information about the SLICES framework, please see Hulse et al. (2002) and the associated website: https:\/\/hub.oregonexplorer.info (search for \u201cWillamette Basin SLICES\u201d).\n\t  \nFor more information about this study and these data, see Penaluna et al. (in review).","keyword":["biota","environment","inlandWaters","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Animal ecology","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Assessments","Resource inventory","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Fish","Willamette River Decadal Assessment","freshwater fish","fish surveys","electroshocking","population assessment","Oregon","western Oregon","Willamette River"],"spatial":"-123.27031,44.06293,-122.61152,45.35530","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0057","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0057","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-07-24"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Biophysical and weather conditions associated with fuel breaks leveraged during the suppression of large widlfires in southern California National Forests","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0058","description":"We compiled a comprehensive dataset detailing encounters between fuel breaks, fireline operations, and large wildfires in southern California from 2017 to 2020. This dataset encompasses various aspects including biophysical factors and fire weather conditions. Our aim was to construct statistical models that assess the effectiveness of fireline operations on fuel breaks. This data publication includes the tabular data utilized in our analysis which encompasses attributes of wildfires such as identifiers, commencement year, discovery dates, fuel loading and daily personnel from the Resource Ordering and Status System (ROSS).The purpose of this study was to assess fuel break success rates as it relates to fire weather, fuel break condition, and topography.For more information about this study and these data, see Young et al. (in review).","keyword":["climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","environment","imageryBaseMapsEarthCover","Climate change","Fire","Fire suppression, pre-suppression","Wildland\/urban interface","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Natural Resource Management & Use","Engineering, roads, bridges","Landscape management","fireline","fire weather","fire personnel","fuel breaks","suppression effectiveness","wildfire complexity","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","California","Angeles National Forest","Cleveland National Forest","Los Padres National Forest","San Bernardino National Forest"],"spatial":"-121.91863,32.64477,-116.30811,36.41299","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0058","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0058","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-08-15"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Offshore distribution, population size estimates, and productivity data for marbled murrelets in California and Oregon, 1989-2009","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0060","description":"We evaluated spatial distribution and estimated population size and productivity of Marbled Murrelets offshore of California and Oregon from Moss Landing, California north to Coos Bay, Oregon from 1989 to 2009 using transect surveys from boats. From 1989 to 2000, we used a methodology with set distances from shore outward to 5000 meters offshore from which we derived population estimates and described distribution from shore. We found that we observed the majority of murrelets at the distances of 800 and 1400 meters so we started coastal surveys at these distances along the entire coast from Point Lobos, California to Coos Bay, Oregon from 1991 to 2000. From 2001 to 2009, our selection of transect locations changed as we participated in population monitoring for Marbled Murrelet Effectiveness Monitoring for the Northwest Forest Plan, where locations were divided into Primary Survey Units of 20 kilometers each along the shoreline with nearshore and offshore sampling areas. This data publication also includes boat surveys conducted during two oil spills that occurred in and offshore of Humboldt Bay, California in 1997 and 1999. During surveys, all species of birds and marine mammals encountered along the transects are recorded. Data are provided as both Microsoft Access databases (combination of ACCDB and MDB files) and comma-separated values files. Associated geospatial data for surveys are also included.These data, collected offshore of northern California and Oregon, were used for the monitoring of Marbled Murrelet (Brachyrhamphus marmorata) populations.","keyword":["biota","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Birds","Marbled Murrelet","Brachyrhamphus marmoratus","seabird","marine habitat","population monitoring","California","Oregon","Humboldt Bay"],"spatial":"-124.59344,36.52829,-121.79893,43.36385","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0060","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0060","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-08-21"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Data related to the physiology, growth, and survival of balsam fir and northern white-cedar seedlings exposed to experimental droughts and floods","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0061","description":"This publication contains data collected in a greenhouse experiment of drought and flood effects on northern white-cedar and balsam fir seedlings. To determine lethal drought and flood thresholds for each species, treatments were initiated in July 2021 using 205 3- to 4-year-old cedar and fir seedlings planted in containers in May 2021. Drought treatments were initiated by stopping irrigation and flood treatments were initiated by placing seedling containers in water. Cedar and fir seedlings were randomly assigned to one of 8 drought or flood treatment lengths (8 to 66 days or 8 to 53 days, respectively), or one of two replicates of controls. Measurements were made at start and end of the treatment season (2021) and recovery season (2022) and at each end of treatment (2021). Data are available in 7 datasets: 1) volumetric water content and midday water potential (vwc_wp.csv); 2) percent brown foliage (PBF_mortality); 3) seedling height and diameter (ht_diam.csv); 4) minimum epidermal conductance (gmin.csv); 5) evapotranspiration (evapotrans.csv); 6) paired average minimum midday water potential and final percent brown foliage (pbf_wp.csv); 7) paired xylem relative water content and midday water potential (rwc.csv).Data were collected to determine how seedlings of fir and cedar were able to avoid, resist and recover from experimental drought and flood treatments of different lengths (8 to 66 days).For more information about this study and these data, see Schulz et al. (2024).","keyword":["environment","biota","Climate change","Climate change effects","Forest & Plant Health","Climate effects","trees","forests","tree physiology","drought","flood","tree growth","mortality","water potential","volumetric water content","evapotranspiration","relative water content","xylem","Maine"],"spatial":"-68.66037,44.90130,-68.66022,44.90137","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0061","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0061","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-10-31"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Ponderosa pine Levels-of-Growing-Stock study: Tree measurement and condition data for Crawford Creek and Lookout Mountain in Oregon","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0062","description":"Among the six installations located across the western United States of the ponderosa pine Levels-of-Growing-Stock (LOGS) study that began in the 1960's, the Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station (currently, Pacific Northwest Research Station) has two installations that still exist today. One is Crawford Creek in the Blue Mountains on the Malheur National Forest in northeastern Oregon. The Crawford Creek site had 18 plots with six Growing Stock Levels (GSLs) (30, 60, 80, 100, 120, and 140 square feet per acre) installed on a 60-year-old, even-aged, natural ponderosa pine stand. Plot size ranged from 0.4 to 0.75 acre with additional 30-foot buffer strips. Plots were replicated in three blocks with six plots per block and were located across a range of aspects and slopes. The other site is on the south-facing slope of Lookout Mountain on the Pringle Falls Experimental Forest and adjacent to Deschutes National Forest in central Oregon. At the time of plot installation, it was a 65-year-old pure ponderosa pine natural stand. Six GSLs (30, 60, 80, 100, 120, and 150 square feet per acre) were randomly assigned to one of the three blocks, with a plot size of 0.5 acres with additional 30-foot buffer strips. Data collection began in 1967 at Crawford Creek and in 1965 at Lookout Mountain and continued roughly every 5 years until 2019. This data publication includes the tree height, diameter at breast height, height to base of live crown, and condition data collected at both sites.When Cliff Myers designed the west-wide Levels-Of-Growing-Stock (LOGS) study for all installations across the western United States in 1967 based on data analyses from the earlier observational plots established by field foresters in the Black Hills of South Dakota and northern Idaho, young ponderosa pine management was in its infancy. Therefore, the original objectives were \"to determine (i) optimum stand densities for maximum growth of usable wood per tree and per hectare over a range of site qualities and average diameters and (ii) growth and yield obtainable with repeated thinning.\" Later, these installations were used to evaluate self-thinning boundary lines, resilience to biotic disturbances, and climate changes.For information about the original design of the LOGS study, see Myers (1967). For more details about the data included in this package, see Barrett (1983).","keyword":["biota","Natural Resource Management & Use","Carbon","long-term silvicultural research plots","stand density","timber production","levels-of-growing-stock","vegetation","forest resources","Oregon","Pringle Falls Experimental Forest","Deschutes National Forest","Malheur National Forest","Lookout Mountain","Blue Mountains","Crawford Creek"],"spatial":"-121.7207,43.7407,-118.4427,44.6289","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0062","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0062","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-08-30"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Individual plant performance, site, understory, and soil data for experimental translocation of Polyscias bisattenuata, a critically endangered Hawaiian tree species, Kauai Island, 2019-2022","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0063","description":"This data publication includes tree height, diameter and performance data for Polyscias bisattenuata, a critically endangered Hawaiian tree species, as a part of an experimental planting study that tests how site variables and founder populations affect success. Seeds from 19 wild founders from three wild populations were selected to be genetically represented in translocation efforts. Seeds were germinated and propagated on the South Shore of Kaua\u02bbi and 3,700 P. bisattenuata saplings were prepared for outplanting by late 2017. Saplings were approximately one year old and 20-40 centimeters (cm) in height upon planting across 11 translocation sites on Kaua\u02bbi Island in Hawai\u02bbi. Selected translocation sites were both within and beyond the climate conditions represented by remnant populations. Survivorship, growth, and vigor of the translocated populations were monitored at two-years post-planting (2019) and four-years post-planting (2021 through early 2022). Additional data include understory measurements for each individual tree as well as soil, climate, and topographic data for each site.Translocation is implemented worldwide as a conservation strategy for rare and endangered plant species, yet the factors that influence long-term success remain poorly understood. Remnant wild populations are often used as indicators to model habitat preference and select translocation sites, but such populations may be refugia from past biological or anthropogenic stressors and represent sub-optimal habitat conditions for focal taxa. To test assumptions about habitat preferences of rare species, we conducted a four-year experimental translocation of the Critically Endangered Hawaiian tree, \u2018ohe mauka, Polyscias bisattenuata (Araliaceae). We measured eighteen predictor variables at the site and individual plant level in categories of climate, surrounding vegetation, soil chemistry, and genetic provenance which were used to assess relative effects of predictors on translocated plant survival, growth, and vigor.For more information about this study and these data, see Douglas et al. (in review).\n\t  \nThe original publication date was 01\/30\/2025. Metadata updates were made on 07\/14\/2025.","keyword":["biota","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Plant ecology","Polyscias bisattenuata","biodiversity","endangered species","Hawaiian flora","Polyscias","rare plants","reintroduction","remnant populations","translocation","Hawai\u02bbi","Hawaii"],"spatial":"-159.49300,21.92466,-159.40100,22.06517","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0063","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0063","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-07-14"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:32"],"programCode":["005:051"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Environmental conditions, UAS treatment details, R script, and Turkey Vulture response data to two UAS angles of approach","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/NWRC-RDS-2024-004","description":"This data publication includes raw data from 35 unoccupied aircraft system (UAS) field trials at the Erie County Landfill in Milian, Ohio. Data were collected 05 July 2022 - 10 August 2022 and include measurements of weather, ambient light conditions, sound emitted by the UAS during surrogate trials, flight data related to the UAS treatments, bird counts from before and after trials, and focal Turkey Vulture (Cathartes aura) response data. We also included data from the Federal Aviation Administration's Wildlife Strike Database for all Turkey Vulture strikes with aircraft between 2009 and 2022 that occurred at \u2264 3 meters above ground level (AGL, recorded as HEIGHT as feet above ground level in the Wildlife Strike Database) to provide realistic encounter scenarios in the airport environment. Also, for scenario purposes, we include survey data (i.e., continual monitoring and wildlife hazard assessments) from the United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Wildlife Services Airport Wildlife Hazard Program from over 110 airports for the year 2021. We only included survey data on Turkey Vultures engaged in non-flying activities in our scenarios.The purpose of this study was to understand Turkey Vulture response to two UAS angles of approach (i.e., stoop and same-level). These data can help inform the use of UAS operations for dispersing Turkey Vultures away from aircraft to improve aviation safety.For more information about this study and these data, see Pfeiffer et al. (2025).","keyword":["biota","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Birds","animal behavior","animal-vehicle collisions","drone","human-wildlife interactions","remotely piloted aircraft","same-level","stoop","unoccupied aircraft system","Erie County","Ohio"],"spatial":"-82.60329,25.57376,-82.59341,47.76109","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/NWRC-RDS-2024-004","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/NWRC-RDS-2024-004","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-04-07"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Long-term yellow pine (ponderosa pine and Jeffrey pine) growth and yield study plots at multiple sites in northern California","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0064","description":"This data publication contains tabular growth and yield data collected on multiple long-term yellow pine (ponderosa pine and Jeffrey pine) study plots established on 13 sites in northern California. These sites include: Adin Pass, Antelope Mountain, Blacks Mountains Experimental Forest, Edson Creek, Hog Lake, Jelly Camp, Joseph Creek, KC Reservoir, Prattville, Show plantation, Spaulding Butte, Sugar Hill, and Washington Mountain. Sites were established anywhere from 1944 to 1972, and data collected approximately every 5 years, resulting in data ranging from 1944 to 2022. Measurements consistently include tree diameter at breast height (DBH at 4.5 feet), stand age, and tree conditions. Total tree height and height to live crown were measured on a small subset of trees.The purposes of these plots were for either predicting stand growth and yield, silvicultural treatments such as thinning and pruning, stand density management, or resilience to disturbances of yellow pine plantations and natural stands. These sites have also been used as demonstration pieces for managing forest stands.For more information about this study and these data, see Oliver (1972), Oliver and Powers (1978), and Zhang et al. (2013). Other associated articles are listed as cross-references below.","keyword":["biota","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Resource inventory","Natural Resource Management & Use","Timber","long-term silvicultural research plots","stand density","timber production","yellow pine","ponderosa pine","Jeffrey pine","growth and yield","resilience to disturbance","Blacks Mountain Experimental Forest","California","Lassen National Forest","Modoc National Forest","Shasta-Trinity National Forest"],"spatial":"-122.28220,40.19560,-120.30840,41.83410","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0064","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0064","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-09-23"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Greenhouse gas emissions and removals from forest land, woodlands, and urban trees in the United States, 1990-2022: Estimates and quantitative uncertainty for individual states, regional ownerships, National Forests, and Tribal Ownership","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0065","description":"As a signatory to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the United States has been reporting an economy-wide inventory of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and removals since the mid-1990s. Estimates of GHG emissions and removals from forest land, woodlands in the grassland category, and urban trees in settlements are compiled by U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service researchers and are based primarily on National Forest Inventory (NFI) data collected and maintained by the Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program within the USDA Forest Service. The estimates of GHG emissions and removals provided in this publication are based on the compilation reported in the Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry chapter of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) submission to the UNFCCC. These data include 1990 to 2022 estimates of carbon net flux and 1990 to 2023 estimates of carbon stocks and land use\/land use change area from the United States, American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Included in this data publication are 21 tables of estimates and 2 tables of quantitative uncertainties, which provide results by individual states, regional ownerships, National Forests, and Tribal Ownership.These estimates are being provided in tabular data format to make them more accessible for use in sub-national reporting or further analysis.For more information about these data, see Domke et al. (2024). For information regarding the EPA submission to the UNFCCC, see U.S. EPA (2024).\n\t  \nThese data were published on 09\/26\/2024. On 12\/16\/2024, minor updates were made to the metadata and readme file to point to newly published article.","keyword":["biota","environment","Climate change","Carbon","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Fire","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Resource inventory","Natural Resource Management & Use","Ecosystem services","greenhouse gas","emissions and removals","carbon stocks","carbon net flux","forest carbon","woodland carbon","land use","land use change","drained organic soils","settlement trees","United States","American Samoa","Guam","Northern Mariana Islands","Puerto Rico","U.S. Virgin Islands"],"spatial":"144.00000,-15.00000,-64.00000,72.00000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0065","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0065","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-12-16"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Tree core radial growth, diameter at breast height, and height observations of a 40-year lodgepole pine provenance trial at Fraser Experimental Forest, Colorado, USA","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0066","description":"This data publication comprises data collected from a nearly 40-year-old lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm.) provenance experiment in Fraser Experimental Forest (FEF) in Fraser, Colorado. It includes spatial location data from the 34 original provenance seed source sites, spanning from La Veta Pass, Colorado, through Wyoming, to Marias Pass, Montana. Data include diameter at breast height (DBH), height, and crown vigor observations collected from each of the 160 lodgepole pine trees sampled at FEF during the summers of 2022-2023. Data also include annual growth increment data, measured from tree cores collected at approximately 1 foot above ground as basal area increment (BAI), for each of the 160 trees sampled, covering the study period of 1992-2021.The purpose of this study was to investigate the adaptive potential of lodgepole pine and its potential for utilization in assisted migration efforts aimed at enhancing forest-climate resilience in the species\u2019 southernmost range in Colorado. Tree data were collected during 2022-2023 at a long-term provenance experiment research site in Fraser Experimental Forest (FEF) in Fraser, Colorado, and provide critical insight into the adaptability of southern lodgepole pine. Measurements include tree growth data (tree diameter, height, annual ring width), tree vigor, and climate and drought data from the open-source ClimateNA system. These data ultimately support the broader goal of mitigating the negative impacts of climate change on forested ecosystems in the western United States.For more information about this study and these data, see Warnick (2024). Additional details regarding the provenances and their performance in a greenhouse, see Moore (1981).","keyword":["biota","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","Climate change","Ecological adaptation","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Plant ecology","Forest & Plant Health","Climate effects","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","lodgepole pine","Pinus contorta","dendrochronology","tree ring research","climate adaptation","assisted migration","forest assisted migration","seed selection","seed source","provenance experiment","upper montane ecosystems","subalpine ecosystems","Fraser Experimental Forest","Colorado","Montana","Wyoming","western United States"],"spatial":"-105.86741,39.93332,-105.86559,39.93419","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0066","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0066","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-09-30"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Native tree phenology data from the Ka\u2018\u016bp\u016blehu tropical dry forest, Hawai\u02bbi","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0067","description":"Native dry forests are one of the most threatened and rare ecosystems in the Hawaiian Islands, as they are worldwide. The Ka\u2018\u016bp\u016blehu Preserve is one of the few remaining examples of native dry forest on the Big Island of Hawai\u02bbi. Restoration efforts have been on going at Ka\u2018\u016bp\u016blehu since 1993 by various partners including the USDA Forest Service. To help with restoration efforts, the USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry designed an experiment to study the phenology of nine native dryland tree species at Ka\u2018\u016bp\u016blehu. The trees were measured monthly over a 6.3-year period from 2001 to 2007. In total, 10 species were studied; Diospyros sandwicensis (lama) was dioecious and had both male and female flowering trees. Four of the species, \u2018Aiea (Nothocestrum breviflorum), Kauila (Colubrina oppositifolia), Alahe\u2018e (Psydrax odorata), and Maua (Xylosma hawaiiensis) could be classified as facultative, short-day plants, which had the bulk of their flowering in the winter months. Four other species including the \u2018\u0100la\u2018a (Pouteria sandwicensis ), Hala pepe (Dracaena konaensis ), the facultative male lama and \u2018\u014chi\u2018a (Metrosideros polymorpha) were clearly long-day plants flowering in the summer. Two species, male lama and \u2018Iliahi (Santalum paniculatum) were day-neutral plants which flowered year-around. The species documented included 4 endangered species. The 84 total trees had 49-52 monthly observations of estimates of flowering, fruiting, and leaf flush in percent of the crown, over the 6.3 years. A number of abiotic factors, including precipitation, temperature, and photoperiod were measured during the same period at Ka\u2018\u016bp\u016blehu to test against phenology.We studied the effect of long-term and seasonal periodicity in abiotic climatic variables such as light, rainfall, and temperature on the phenology; flowering, fruiting, and leaf flush, of in-situ grown, native, dry forest tree species at Ka\u2018\u016bp\u016blehu, Hawai\u02bbi.For more information about these data and this study, see Cole and Cordell (in press).","keyword":["biota","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","environment","Climate change","Climate change effects","Ecological adaptation","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Ecology","Plant ecology","Natural Resource Management & Use","Ecosystem services","Forest management","Restoration","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Habitat management","phenology","native tree phenology","tropical dry forest","Hawai\u02bbi","Hawaii","Ka\u2018\u016bp\u016blehu Dry Forest","Kailua-Kona"],"spatial":"-155.933876,19.766779,-155.939138,19.772338","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0067","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0067","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-10-01"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Rainfall, maximum and minimum temperature climatic scenario (2041-2060) maps for Puerto Rico and U.S. Virgin Islands using downscaled model data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0068","description":"This data publication contains rainfall, maximum and minimum temperature climatic scenario (2041-2060) maps for Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Specifically, maps show a scenario of changes in daily maximum and daily maximum temperature above the historical baseline (1986-2005) and changes in rainfall by percentage. This package includes: 1) both Spanish and Engligh maps for the rainfall, minimum, and maximum temperature scenario (PNG format); and (2) a geographical database (geodatabase) with the raster and vector layers used to develop these maps. The geodatabase includes 2041-2060 Centre National de Recherches Meteorologiques-CERFACS (CNRM) projections for rainfall (precipitation) as a percentage as well as minimum and maximum temperatures in both degrees Celsius and Fahrenheit. It also includes hillshades for Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands, as well as the boundaries of the U.S. counties in these areas.The Caribbean Climate Hub developed these maps for several publications such as adaptation workbooks and educational modules. These maps are intended to bring meaningful information regarding the possible implications of rainfall and temperature changes in Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands.For applications of these maps, see: Guzm\u00e1n-Col\u00f3n et. al (2024) and Crespo-Acevedo (2024).\n\t  \nFor more information about the source data and downscaled model used, see Bowden et al. (2018, 2020).","keyword":["climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","environment","Climate change","Climate change effects","Climatology","climatic scenario","rainfall","temperature","Puerto Rico","United States Virgin Islands","Caribbean"],"spatial":"67.3477394,17.7095468,64.6023681,18.8036678","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0068","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0068","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-10-09"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Hungry-Hunter mastication and prescribed fire study - stand structure and fuels data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0069","description":"This data publication includes data collected as part of a research-management collaboration study of the short-term effects and economic viability of using mastication equipment - with or without subsequent prescribed fire - to precommercially thin overly dense dry coniferous stands in the eastern Cascade Mountains and reduce wildfire hazards. This study was embedded within the Hungry-Hunter Ecosystem Restoration Project on the Methow Valley Ranger District of the Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest in north-central Washington State, USA. Responses of interest to Forest Service managers and scientists for this study included overstory structure, canopy and ladder fuels, surface fuels, tree regeneration, and understory vegetation. Data presented here include measures of overstory structure, tree regeneration, and surface fuels. Measurements were taken before (2004) and after (2007) mastication treatments and, where applicable, again after prescribed burning treatments (2008).Structural manipulations are often needed in modern dry coniferous forests to achieve silvicultural and fuels management objectives, including increasing the growth rates of remaining trees, improving wildlife habitat, reducing torching and crown fire initiation during wildfires, and facilitating the use of low intensity prescribed fire to manage surface fuels. Mechanical thinning can be costly when trees are non-merchantable and, without subsequent fuel treatments (e.g., piling and burning), can significantly increase forest fuels and potential wildfire intensity and severity. Mechanical mastication offers a potential alternative to traditional thinning that, if economical, could be an effective tool for modifying overstory stand structure, reducing ladder fuels, and altering surface fuels in preparation for future fuels management with prescribed fire. This study sought to test mastication treatment effects on overstory structure and to evaluate the effectiveness of prescribed fire for reducing surface fuels when applied shortly after mastication.For more information about this study and these data, see Peterson et al. (2025).\n\t  \nThese data were published on 06\/09\/2025. On 06\/13\/2025 the metadata were updated to include citation details for newly published article.","keyword":["biota","environment","Natural Resource Management & Use","Restoration","Forest management","Fire","Prescribed fire","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Ecology","mastication","prescribed fire","canopy fuels","woody fuels","forest restoration","Douglas-fir","lodgepole pine","ponderosa pine","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","Washington","Cascade Mountains","Methow Valley"],"spatial":"-120.16000,48.16000,-120.07000,48.14000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0069","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0069","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-06-13"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:32"],"programCode":["005:051"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Observer and automated estimation data from drone-based imagery of blackbird flocks foraging in commercial sunflower","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/NWRC-RDS-2024-005","description":"We used drones to capture images of mixed-species blackbird (Icteridae) flocks damaging sunflower (Helianthus annuus) in North Dakota. Images consisted of an airborne flock with a sky background, creating a strong color contrast for automated bird detection and counting. We analyzed imagery from 60 flights using ImageJ and obtained automated counts. We also asked 20 biologists, ranging from 0-25 years of self-reported experience, to provide estimates for all 60 images in a single sitting. They were asked to make quick estimates (5-10 seconds per photo), to count birds within the sky background, and to zoom in on photos when needed. Photos were randomly ordered and all biologists were given photos in the same order. This study was implemented between September 2021 through October 2022 in multiple counties in North Dakota, USA where blackbird damage to sunflowers is prevalent. This data publication contains the data and R code used to analyze these data as well as the 60 drone images.We designed the study to evaluate the role of flock size, biologist experience, and photo order on the ability of a biologist to make estimates close to the automated count.For more information about this study and these data, see Duttenhefner and Klug (2025).\n\t  \nThese data were published on 01\/22\/2025. On 03\/12\/2025, the metadata was updated to include reference to newly published article.","keyword":["biota","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Birds","automated counts","drone","Icteridae","ImageJ","monitoring","observer error","UAS","unoccupied aircraft system","North Dakota"],"spatial":"-100.84000,46.08000,-99.79000,48.99000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/NWRC-RDS-2024-005","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/NWRC-RDS-2024-005","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-03-12"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Proxy soil temperature and moisture regimes (climate regimes) in southwestern U.S. drylands: 1980-2019","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0070","description":"Spatially explicit and climate sensitive information on the responses of ecosystems to global change processes is required for strategic planning and prioritization of conservation and restoration. Indicators of ecological resilience and invasion resistance (R&R) are used increasingly to understand the influence of climate regimes on ecosystem responses to global change processes and determine effective management strategies. We developed proxy soil temperature and moisture regimes, or climate regimes, for southwestern U.S. drylands that accounted for precipitation seasonality and climate change at a scale of 1 kilometer (km) for the time period from 1980-2019. The climate variables that we used, mean annual temperature, precipitation, and monsoon index, allowed us to construct climate sensitive and ecologically meaningful climate regimes that mirrored the soil temperature and moisture regimes in the U.S. National Cooperative Soil Survey data and Ecological Site Descriptions that are widely used by managers in the western U.S. This data publication provides climate regimes raster data (GeoTIFF format) that include four temperature regimes (cryic, frigid, mesic, and hypermesic), both ustic and xeric\/aridic moisture regimes, and multiple moisture subclasses based on average precipitation zones (PZ). The climate regimes reflected the dominant ecological types and plant functional groups and allowed us to develop meaningful indicators of R&R. Particularly important was identification of a monsoon index value (0.30) to delineate areas with an ustic (summer moist) precipitation regime as indicated by the frequency of C4 vs. C3 grass species.Previous indicators of ecological resilience and resistance to invasion (R&R) focused on the sagebrush biome and relied on soil temperature and moisture regimes mapped as part of the U.S. National Cooperative Soil Survey or climate and water availability indicators derived from ecohydrological process models. However, proxy soil temperature and moisture regimes (climate regimes), and their associated R&R indicators, based on atmospheric climate variables are likely preferable to those based on soil climate because (1) soil temperature and moisture regimes from the Soil Survey are static and challenges exist in evaluating climate change effects based on these indicators, (2) discontinuities exist in soil map units across state boundaries, and (3) many areas, notably some U.S. National Forests, do not yet have published soil surveys. The finer-scale climate regimes and multiclass R&R indicators that we developed allowed us to account for precipitation seasonality and thus to provide more accurate information on the likely responses to disturbances and climate suitability to the widespread invasive annual, cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum), across the southwest drylands. We expect the climate regimes and R&R indicators will provide valuable information for strategic planning and prioritization and will be useful to develop prioritization strategies for fire prevention and management, invasive species management, conservation of species habitat, and to evaluate restoration success.For more information about these data, see Chambers et al. (in review).","keyword":["biota","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","environment","geoscientificInformation","Climate change","Climate change effects","Climatology","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Landscape ecology","Soil","Forest & Plant Health","Climate effects","Invasive species","ecological resilience","resistance to invasion","soil temperature","soil moisture","climate regimes","drylands","southwestern United States","Nevada","Utah","Arizona","Colorado","New Mexico"],"spatial":"-113.98650,33.70120,-107.13250,41.08500","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0070","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0070","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-10-18"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Proxy soil temperature and moisture regimes (climate regimes) in southwestern U.S. drylands: 1980-1999 and 2000-2019","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0071","description":"Spatially explicit and climate sensitive information on the responses of ecosystems to global change processes is required for strategic planning and prioritization of conservation and restoration. Indicators of ecological resilience and invasion resistance (R&R) are used increasingly to understand the influence of climate regimes on ecosystem responses to global change processes and determine effective management strategies. We developed proxy soil temperature and moisture regimes, or climate regimes, for southwestern U.S. drylands that accounted for precipitation seasonality and climate change at a scale of 1 kilometer (km). The climate variables that we used, mean annual temperature, precipitation, and monsoon index, allowed us to construct climate sensitive and ecologically meaningful climate regimes that mirrored the soil temperature and moisture regimes in the U.S. National Cooperative Soil Survey data and Ecological Site Descriptions that are widely used by managers in the western U.S. The climate regimes reflected the dominant ecological types and plant functional groups and allowed us to develop meaningful indicators of R&R. Particularly important was identification of a monsoon index value (0.30) to delineate areas with an ustic (summer moist) precipitation regime as indicated by the frequency of C4 vs. C3 grass species. This data publication provides climate regimes raster data (GeoTIFF format) that include four temperature regimes (cryic, frigid, mesic, and hypermesic), both ustic and xeric\/aridic moisture regimes, and multiple moisture subclasses based on average precipitation zones (PZ). These climate regimes were used to develop two spatial data layers of the climate regimes for two consecutive time periods: 1980-1999, and 2000-2019.Previous indicators of ecological resilience and resistance to invasion (R&R) focused on the sagebrush biome and relied on soil temperature and moisture regimes mapped as part of the U.S. National Cooperative Soil Survey or climate and water availability indicators derived from ecohydrological process models. However, proxy soil temperature and moisture regimes (climate regimes), and their associated R&R indicators, based on atmospheric climate variables are likely preferable to those based on soil climate because (1) soil temperature and moisture regimes from the Soil Survey are static and challenges exist in evaluating climate change effects based on these indicators, (2) discontinuities exist in soil map units across state boundaries, and (3) many areas, notably some U.S. National Forests, do not yet have published soil surveys. The finer-scale climate regimes and multiclass R&R indicators that we developed allowed us to account for precipitation seasonality and thus to provide more accurate information on the likely responses to disturbances and climate suitability to the widespread invasive annual, cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum), across the southwest drylands. We expect the climate regimes and R&R indicators will provide valuable information for strategic planning and prioritization and will be useful to develop prioritization strategies for fire prevention and management, invasive species management, conservation of species habitat, and to evaluate restoration success.\n\nThese two spatial data layers represent climate regimes for two consecutive time periods: 1980-1999, and 2000-2019. The creation of two sets of climate regimes for different time periods allows comparison of climate-sensitive expected responses.For more information about these data, see Chambers et al. (in review).","keyword":["biota","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","environment","geoscientificInformation","Climate change","Climate change effects","Climatology","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Landscape ecology","Soil","Forest & Plant Health","Climate effects","Invasive species","ecological resilience","resistance to invasion","soil temperature","soil moisture","climate regimes","drylands","southwestern United States","Nevada","Utah","Arizona","Colorado","New Mexico"],"spatial":"-113.98650,33.70120,-107.13250,41.08500","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0071","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0071","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-10-18"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Ecological resilience and resistance to cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) invasion in southwestern U.S. drylands: 1980-2019","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0072","description":"Spatially explicit and climate sensitive information on the responses of ecosystems to global change processes is required for strategic planning and prioritization of conservation and restoration. Indicators of ecological resilience and invasion resistance (R&R) are used increasingly to understand the influence of climate regimes on ecosystem responses to global change processes and determine effective management strategies. We developed multiclass indicators of R&R based on proxy soil temperature and moisture regimes, or climate regimes, for southwestern U.S. drylands that accounted for precipitation seasonality and climate change at a scale of 1 kilometer (km) for the time period from 1980-2019. The climate variables that we used, mean annual temperature, precipitation, and monsoon index, allowed us to construct climate sensitive and ecologically meaningful climate regimes that mirrored the soil temperature and moisture regimes in the U.S. National Cooperative Soil Survey data and Ecological Site Descriptions that are widely used by managers in the western U.S. The climate regimes reflected the dominant ecological types and plant functional groups and allowed us to develop meaningful indicators of R&R. Particularly important was identification of a monsoon index value (0.30) to delineate areas with an ustic (summer moist) precipitation regime as indicated by the frequency of C4 vs. C3 grass species. The climate regimes included four temperature regimes (cryic, frigid, mesic, and hypermesic), both ustic and xeric\/aridic moisture regimes, and multiple moisture subclasses based on average precipitation zones (PZ). These climate regimes were used to develop two spatial data layers (rasters in GeoTIFF format) representing R&R for the time period 1980-2019.Previous indicators of ecological resilience and resistance to invasion (R&R) focused on the sagebrush biome and relied on soil temperature and moisture regimes mapped as part of the U.S. National Cooperative Soil Survey or climate and water availability indicators derived from ecohydrological process models. However, proxy soil temperature and moisture regimes (climate regimes), and their associated R&R indicators, based on atmospheric climate variables are likely preferable to those based on soil climate because (1) soil temperature and moisture regimes from the Soil Survey are static and challenges exist in evaluating climate change effects based on these indicators, (2) discontinuities exist in soil map units across state boundaries, and (3) many areas, notably some U.S. National Forests, do not yet have published soil surveys. The finer-scale climate regimes and multiclass R&R indicators that we developed allowed us to account for precipitation seasonality and thus to provide more accurate information on the likely responses to disturbances and climate suitability to the widespread invasive annual, cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum), across the southwest drylands. We expect the climate regimes and R&R indicators will provide valuable information for strategic planning and prioritization and will be useful to develop prioritization strategies for fire prevention and management, invasive species management, conservation of species habitat, and to evaluate restoration success.For more information about these data, see Chambers et al. (in review).","keyword":["biota","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","environment","geoscientificInformation","Climate change","Climate change effects","Climatology","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Landscape ecology","Soil","Forest & Plant Health","Climate effects","Invasive species","ecological resilience","resistance to invasion","soil temperature","soil moisture","climate regimes","drylands","southwestern United States","Nevada","Utah","Arizona","Colorado","New Mexico"],"spatial":"-113.98650,33.70120,-107.13250,41.08500","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0072","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0072","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-10-18"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Ecological resilience and resistance to cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) invasion in southwestern U.S. drylands: 1980-1999 and 2000-2019","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0073","description":"Spatially explicit and climate sensitive information on the responses of ecosystems to global change processes is required for strategic planning and prioritization of conservation and restoration. Indicators of ecological resilience and invasion resistance (R&R) are used increasingly to understand the influence of climate regimes on ecosystem responses to global change processes and determine effective management strategies. We developed multiclass indicators of R&R based on proxy soil temperature and moisture regimes, or climate regimes, for southwestern U.S. drylands that accounted for precipitation seasonality and climate change at a scale of 1 kilometer (km). The climate variables that we used, mean annual temperature, precipitation, and monsoon index, allowed us to construct climate sensitive and ecologically meaningful climate regimes that mirrored the soil temperature and moisture regimes in the U.S. National Cooperative Soil Survey data and Ecological Site Descriptions that are widely used by managers in the western U.S. The climate regimes reflected the dominant ecological types and plant functional groups and allowed us to develop meaningful indicators of R&R. Particularly important was identification of a monsoon index value (0.30) to delineate areas with an ustic (summer moist) precipitation regime as indicated by the frequency of C4 vs. C3 grass species. The climate regimes that included four temperature regimes (cryic, frigid, mesic, and hypermesic), both ustic and xeric\/aridic moisture regimes, and multiple moisture subclasses based on average precipitation zones (PZ). These climate regimes were used to develop four spatial data layers (rasters in GeoTIFF format) representing R&R for two consecutive time periods: 1980-1999, and 2000-2019.Previous indicators of ecological resilience and resistance to invasion (R&R) focused on the sagebrush biome and relied on soil temperature and moisture regimes mapped as part of the U.S. National Cooperative Soil Survey or climate and water availability indicators derived from ecohydrological process models. However, proxy soil temperature and moisture regimes (climate regimes), and their associated R&R indicators, based on atmospheric climate variables are likely preferable to those based on soil climate because (1) soil temperature and moisture regimes from the Soil Survey are static and challenges exist in evaluating climate change effects based on these indicators, (2) discontinuities exist in soil map units across state boundaries, and (3) many areas, notably some U.S. National Forests, do not yet have published soil surveys. The finer-scale climate regimes and multiclass R&R indicators that we developed allowed us to account for precipitation seasonality and thus to provide more accurate information on the likely responses to disturbances and climate suitability to the widespread invasive annual, cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum), across the southwest drylands. We expect the climate regimes and R&R indicators will provide valuable information for strategic planning and prioritization and will be useful to develop prioritization strategies for fire prevention and management, invasive species management, conservation of species habitat, and to evaluate restoration success.\n\nThese four spatial data layers represent R&R for two consecutive time periods: 1980-1999 and 2000-2019. The creation of two sets of R&R for different time periods allows comparison of climate-sensitive expected responses.For more information about these data, see Chambers et al. (in review).","keyword":["biota","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","environment","geoscientificInformation","Climate change","Climate change effects","Climatology","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Landscape ecology","Soil","Forest & Plant Health","Climate effects","Invasive species","ecological resilience","resistance to invasion","soil temperature","soil moisture","climate regimes","drylands","southwestern United States","Nevada","Utah","Arizona","Colorado","New Mexico"],"spatial":"-113.98650,33.70120,-107.13250,41.08500","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0073","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0073","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-10-18"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Microhabitat, movement, and morphology of repatriated alligator snapping turtles (Macrochelys temminckii) from three sites in east Texas","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0074","description":"This data publication contains morphological, spatial, and environmental data collected on confiscated alligator snapping turtles (Macrochelys temminckii) released at three sites within the Neches, Cypress, and Sabine river drainages in Texas. Morphological data on 23 (7-8 per site) alligator snapping turtles was recorded once before subsequent release. Telemetry data were collected approximately weekly from June 2021 to June 2022 via radiotelemetry. Microhabitat data were collected once during that same time period, via radiotelemetry. GPS coordinates and microhabitat data were collected at alligator snapping turtle localities and at random points.The purpose of collecting these data was to assess the feasibility of repatriation as a conservation tool for confiscated alligator snapping turtles. These data were used to assess movement patterns, habitat use, and survival of repatriated alligator snapping turtles across three predetermined release sites.For more information about this study and these data, see Adams et al. (2024).","keyword":["biota","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Animal ecology","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Reptiles","morphology","radiotelemetry","alligator snapping turtle","Macrochelys temminckii","microhabitat","Texas","Louisiana"],"spatial":"-94.82577,30.85344,-93.89895,32.95507","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0074","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0074","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-07-10"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Monitoring of repatriated and resident alligator snapping turtles (Macrochelys temminckii) in east Texas","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0075","description":"This data publication contains morphological, spatial, and environmental data collected on four repatriated and ten resident alligator snapping turtles (Macrochelys temminckii) released within the Neches drainage in Tyler and Jasper Counties of east Texas. Morphological data on alligator snapping turtles were recorded once before subsequent release. Telemetry data and microhabitat data were collected approximately weekly (i.e., 2-3 relocation per week per individual) from July 2022 to July 2024 via radiotelemetry. GPS coordinates and microhabitat data were collected at alligator snapping turtle localities and at random points.The purpose of collecting these data was to compare the movement, habitat use, and survival of repatriated and resident alligator snapping turtles at one recipient site.For more information about this study and these data, see Adams et al. (2024).","keyword":["biota","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Animal ecology","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Reptiles","morphology","radiotelemetry","alligator snapping turtle","Macrochelys temminckii","microhabitat","Texas"],"spatial":"-94.23265,30.85344,-94.15626,30.97685","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0075","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0075","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-07-10"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:32"],"programCode":["005:051"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Data for analysis of blackbird flock responses toward a spraying drone in an agroecosystem: Importance of flock size, habitat, and time of day","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/NWRC-RDS-2024-006","description":"We evaluated flock responses to a drone capable of spraying when first approached and with 10 minutes of hazing to inform protocols for delivering repellents on agricultural landscapes. We used eye-in-the-sky drones to video the drone with spraying capabilities and capture if flocks took flight within 80 meters (i.e., range of potential spray drift). We measured flight initiation distance (FID) when close approach occurred (i.e., drone \u226480 meters from flock). While hazing, we piloted the drone to 1) repeatedly cut through a flock and create chaos or 2) move along the flock edge to herd birds out of target habitat (i.e., sunflower or cattail). We recorded abandonment, flock reduction, and return rate of birds in response to drone hazing. This study was implemented between September 2019 through October 2020 in multiple counties in North Dakota, USA where blackbird damage to sunflowers is prevalent. This data publication contains the data and R code used to analyze these data.We designed this study to evaluate the blackbird flock response to a drone capable of spraying when first approached and with 10 minutes of hazing to inform protocols for delivering repellents on agricultural landscapes.For more information about this study and these data, see White et al. (2025).","keyword":["biota","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Birds","antipredator behavior","crop damage","deterrent","human-wildlife conflict","unmanned aerial vehicle","UAV","unoccupied aircraft system","UAS","vertebrate pests","visual deterrent","North Dakota"],"spatial":"-100.70670,46.00088,-99.65003,48.97650","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/NWRC-RDS-2024-006","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/NWRC-RDS-2024-006","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-03-07"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Older populations (age 60) and wildfire risk in 2020 for project areas, firesheds, counties, and states","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0077","description":"These data combine information on population numbers and older age population from the decennial Census 2020, with information on wildfire risk to quantify the number of older adults, and proportion of population that are older adults (age 60 and older), living in areas with wildfire risk (low, moderate, or high). Data were combined at census block (2020) geographies and then summarized to the state and county. Data are also summarized to fireshed and project areas, where firesheds are a broad scale geographic unit of prioritization used to plan wildfire risk reduction activities that are approximately 100,000 hectares in size, and project areas are smaller geographies within firesheds. Project areas are often used to help prioritize areas for forest management or hazardous fuel treatments and are approximately 10,000 hectares in area.Wildfire risk and losses are increasing in the United States. At the same time, the average age of the population in the United States has been increasing. The older population (age 60 and older) has grown while the proportion of younger people has contracted (i.e., population aging). Older people face a greater relative risk of dying in a wildfire and need different kinds of resources and programs tailored to their unique needs to mitigate the risk from wildfire. Information about the combination of aging and wildfire risk across U.S. states, counties, and fire management areas (firesheds, project areas) can help identify where older people are living with wildfire risk and aid implementation of wildfire risk reduction programs.For more information about this study and these data, see Winkler and Mockrin (2025).\n\t  \nThese data were published on 02\/11\/2025. Metadata updated on 03\/04\/2025 to update reference to newly published report.","keyword":["environment","society","Environment and People","Fire","age","wildfire","wildfire risk","population","United States","Alabama","Alaska","Arizona","Arkansas","California","Colorado","Connecticut","Delaware","District of Columbia","Florida","Georgia","Hawaii","Idaho","Illinois","Indiana","Iowa","Kansas","Kentucky","Louisiana","Maine","Maryland","Massachusetts","Michigan","Minnesota","Mississippi","Missouri","Montana","Nebraska","Nevada","New Hampshire","New Jersey","New Mexico","New York","North Carolina","North Dakota","Ohio","Oklahoma","Oregon","Pennsylvania","Rhode Island","South Carolina","South Dakota","Tennessee","Texas","Utah","Vermont","Virginia","Washington","West Virginia","Wisconsin","Wyoming"],"spatial":"-66.97,25.76,-172.00,66.16","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0077","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0077","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-03-05"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Wolverine distribution model in the northern Cascade Range","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0076","description":"Recolonization of the Cascade Range in southern British Columbia, Canada, and Washington, USA, by wolverines (Gulo gulo (L., 1758)) is an ongoing process whose ultimate outcome is unknown. A reliable species distribution model for the wolverine in the Cascades (i.e., their first-order habitat selection) is urgently needed to help inform management and conservation strategies. Using Argos location data obtained on 10 resident adult wolverines (six females, four males) from 2008 to 2016, we generated a multi-covariate species distribution model (GeoTIFF raster format) for the wolverine in the Cascades. Our final model included three climatic covariates and their quadratic terms: Proximity to the Transitional Zone Near Alpine Tree Line, Number of Frost-free Days per Year, and Annual Precipitation as Snow. Model validations indicated that our model was robust and could identify areas of potential wolverine distribution in the Cascades reliably. Our model provides evidence that wolverine distribution in the Cascades is constrained by climatic conditions and that snowy and cold environments define the geographic areas that are overwhelmingly associated with resident wolverines. In addition, our model provides a reliable basis for monitoring the direct effects of climate change on wolverines in the Cascade Range and for predicting the extent to which climate change may impact their populations under various scenarios.Our spatially explicit model of the wolverine\u2019s geographic distribution in the Cascade Range (i.e., their 1st-order habitat selection) based on satellite telemetry locations for 10 resident adult wolverines from 2008 to 2016 was created to help inform research, management, and conservation activities for wolverines in the Cascade Range in western Washington state, USA and in the southern portion of the province of British Columbia, Canada.Additional details about how our model was derived, model validation, and model interpretation are contained in Aubry et al. (2023).","keyword":["biota","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Animal ecology","Natural Resource Management & Use","Conservation","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Mammals","alpine tree line","Argos satellite telemetry","habitat selection","species distribution modeling","Gulo gulo","wolverine","Washington","Cascade Range","United States","British Columbia","Canada"],"spatial":"-122.79000,45.52000,-117.43000,50.18000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0076","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0076","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-11-13"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Foliar metabolism and physiology of tulip poplar, black cherry, and sugar maple growing in three different soil series, each with different taxonomic characteristics and chemistry, in the Monongahela National Forest, West Virginia, USA","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0078","description":"The purpose of this study was to compare the foliar metabolism and physiology of tulip poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.), black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.), and sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) growing in three soil series, with different taxonomic characteristics and chemistry, all from sites located within the Desert Branch Watershed in the Monongahela National Forest (MNF), West Virginia, USA. In the growing season of 2003, soil samples were collected from nine sites in the Desert Branch Watershed in the MNF. At each site, a soil pit was hand excavated to various depths, and samples of O, and two to four distinct layers from the A, B and C horizons (where found) were collected. Samples were analyzed separately. Data include soil taxonomy characteristics, extrapolated bulk density, soil pH, % organic matter, total nitrogen (N) and carbon (C), exchangeable elements, exchangeable acidity, effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC), and plant available calcium (Ca) and aluminum (Al) extracted in strontium chloride (SrCl\u2082) all determined by pH meter, C\/N Combustion Elemental Analyzer, potentiometric titration and Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrophotometer (ICP-OES). Within the same time frame, foliage from 10 randomly chosen tulip poplar (TP), black cherry (BC), and sugar maple (SM) was collected from the same nine sites (two of the nine sites were less than 150 feet apart and were considered to be the same for foliar sampling but separate for soil) in an area central to where corresponding soils had previously been sampled. Data include free polyamines, free amino acids, soluble ions, chlorophyll, soluble protein, total N and total elements analyzed by HPLC, ICP-OES, spectrophotometer, and a C\/N Combustion Elemental Analyzer.The purpose of this study was to compare foliar metabolism and physiology of tulip poplar, black cherry and sugar maple growing in three different soil series within the Desert Branch Watershed in the Monongahela National Forest, WV.","keyword":["biota","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Plant ecology","Soil","Forest & Plant Health","Botany","polyamines","amino acids","exchangeable ions","chlorophyll","soluble protein","physiology","metabolism","nutrients","soil taxonomic characteristics","soil chemistry","West Virginia","Allegheny Mountains","Monongahela National Forest","Nicholas County","Desert Branch Watershed"],"spatial":"-80.49473,38.23738,-80.48222,38.24257","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0078","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0078","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-11-18"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Soil temperatures under ponderosa pines, Jeffrey pines, sugar pines and giant sequoias during prescribed burns","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0079","description":"In 1988, a study was initiated to measure soil temperatures of mature sugar pines and giant sequoias in Sequoia-Kings Canyon National Parks, California, during prescribed burns. The purpose was to investigate tree mortality observed after fire was reintroduced into sequoia groves. This work expanded to other National Park Service and USDA Forest Service locations in California to measure soil temperatures under large ponderosa and Jeffrey pines. These additional sites include Yosemite National Park, Eldorado National Forest, Blacks Mountain Experimental Forest in Lassen National Forest, San Bernardino National Forest, and Toiyabe National Forest. This data publication contains the hourly temperatures of heated soil measured with Type K sheathed thermocouples at various depths below the O2-A1 soil subhorizon interface during prescribed burns between 1988 and 2003. Also included are the linear depths of organic material (forest floor) above the temperature probe site pre-fire and the amount of fuel consumption measured post-fire; fuel moisture content (dry weight basis) of the litter, fermentation, and humus layers measured pre-fire; and soil moisture content (dry weight basis) measured pre- and post-fire at the depth of the thermocouples. The soil moisture, fuel moisture and forest floor depth data are linked to the temperature data by the SOIL_ID variable. The dates of collection for the other measurements corresponds to the date that soil temperature measurement commenced.The purpose of these studies was to determine the extent of heating in the soil under the canopies of mature conifers during prescribed fires.","keyword":["biota","Fire","Fire ecology","Prescribed fire","Fire effects on environment","Environment and People","Archaeology, anthropology","soil heating","soil temperatures","thermocouples","obsidian","California","Sequoia National Park","Yosemite National Park","Lassen National Park","Eldorado National Forest","Toiyabe National Forest","San Bernardino National Forest","Blacks Mountain Experimental Forest"],"spatial":"-121.25,34.17,-116.85,40.67","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0079","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0079","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-11-19"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Annual visitation and economic benefits of recreation from 2017-2022 estimated for Forest Service lands within ten initial investment landscapes of the Wildfire Crisis Strategy","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0080","description":"This data publication contains vector data (shapefile and geopackage) representing visitation and economic benefits estimated at the fireshed level within the ten initial investment landscapes of the USDA Forest Service Wildfire Crisis Strategy, which are within Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, Oregon, and Washington. Visitation was estimated using digital mobility data (geolocated social media posts) and established methods for calculating the economic benefit of recreation to forest sites. Data include estimates of annual visitation and economic benefits between 2017 and 2022 for 163 fireshed polygons.Tools and initiatives to prioritize landscapes for restoration and fuels reduction, such as the Wildfire Crisis Strategy, should incorporate human values, including recreation values. Adequately incorporating recreation values into landscape prioritization requires consistent, fine-grain spatial data on recreation uses and values, yet recreation data are typically unavailable at that resolution. These data provide estimates of recreational use and the associated economic benefits of existing recreation by fireshed, which is the spatial resolution that is commonly used in landscape prioritization.","keyword":["economy","environment","society","Environment and People","Recreation","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Assessments","Natural Resource Management & Use","Economics","Ecosystem services","Landscape management","digital mobility data","firesheds","economic benefits","Wildfire Crisis Strategy","Arizona","California","Colorado","Idaho","Montana","New Mexico","Oregon","Washington"],"spatial":"-122.23980,32.97652,-104.86742,49.00044","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0080","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0080","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-11-20"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Science planning for the Aldo Leopold Wilderness Research Institute: 2021 partner input collected using Q-methodology","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0081","description":"In 2021, the Aldo Leopold Wilderness Research Institute (ALWRI) began the process to revise its charter, which outlines, in large part, the science priorities and general topic areas that will be of focus for the ALWRI for the next 10 years. To support this process, ALWRI reached out to a broad range of partners, both national and international, to understand perceptions of science priorities. This data publication includes partner input collected using Q-methodology. Specifically, it includes 31 science priorities (expressed via Q-sort) intended to span broad social-ecological issues, that could each be rated from -4 to 4 (-4 = lowest priority, 4 = highest priority). Responses were obtained from 175 partners of ALWRI and include additional characteristics of the partners (e.g., role, affiliation).The Aldo Leopold Wilderness Research Institute (ALWRI) is an interagency science unit charted in 1993, which is focused on developing and disseminating knowledge to improve the understanding and management of wilderness and similarly protected wildlands. The ALWRI is a research and development program within the Rocky Mountain Research Station of the USDA Forest Service and, as such, there is a requirement to define problems that the program plans to address over time. The program of work is defined in a charter, which lasts for ten years. This partner input process supported charter development.For more information about this study and these data, see Taylor et al. (2023) and Armatas et al. (in review).","keyword":["society","planningCadastre","Environment and People","Social values, ethics","wilderness stewardship planning","place attachment","Aldo Leopold Wilderness","Montana","Missoula"],"spatial":"-173.54849401124173,18.27247039306069,-65.82929761943086,69.01497579014541","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0081","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0081","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-12-02"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Wilderness areas in Everglades National Park: Visitor survey data from 2023","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0082","description":"This data publication contains tabular data describing a visitor use assessment administered January 2023 through April 2023 in the Everglades National Park in Florida. A visitor survey was used to spatially quantify visitor flows and components of the visitor experience. The visitor survey included questions about trip characteristics, respondents\u2019 demographics, activity type, environmental and social perceptions, and opinions regarding policy and management issues. The study also explored factors related to users\u2019 level of place attachment and activity involvement theories.This study was designed to provide an understanding of visitor use, visitor experiences, and perceptions of potential management actions related to designated wilderness areas in Everglades National Park. The primary goal of the study was to understand wilderness use and perceptions of wilderness experiences to inform wilderness stewardship planning in the Everglades National Park.","keyword":["boundaries","location","society","planningCadastre","Environment and People","Recreation","Quality of life","Social values, ethics","wilderness stewardship planning","nature-based recreation","place attachment","visitor use management","visitor experience","mangrove forest","Florida","Monroe County","Collier County","Miami-Dade County","Everglades National Park","Marjory Stoneman Douglas Wilderness Area"],"spatial":"-80.34853,25.13495,-81.63695,26.13210","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0082","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0082","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-11-26"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Understanding water in the social-ecological system of the Wind River\/Bighorn River Basin, Wyoming and Montana: Choice modeling survey data from 2016","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0083","description":"This data publication contains the results of a survey to obtain opinions and attitudes toward water resource management in the Wind River\/Bighorn River Basin in Montana and Wyoming. A mail-back survey, administered between March and May of 2016, went to a random sample of mailing addresses in the Wind River\/Bighorn River Basin. Adult household heads were asked to complete the survey. The survey included questions about benefits related to water importance, factors threatening the water, opinions on the natural resources in the basin, perception on water management outcomes, and personal information.This study was designed to address the complex interrelationship between ecological and social systems in a way that, to the greatest extent practicable, sustains the broad range of ecosystem services flowing from public land that support human well-being. Both human and natural change (e.g., climate change, land-use change, and drought) can result in an altered flow of ecosystem services to a broad range of beneficiaries, who not only have disparate preferences for ecosystem services, but also differing abilities to adapt and cope with change. In the context of water management in the western United States, this task is particularly difficult as a result of both water scarcity and the competing nature of the many uses of water (e.g., irrigation and instream flow). In order to improve management and policy related to water-based ecosystem services flowing from public land, there is a need to provide better information to natural resource managers and policy-makers about tradeoffs and impacts of management actions on stakeholder benefits derived from water.For more information about these data and this study, see Armatas et al. (2018).","keyword":["boundaries","location","society","economy","environment","Environment and People","Recreation","Quality of life","Social values, ethics","Natural Resource Management & Use","choice modeling","nature-based recreation","valuing ecosystem services","National Forest planning","non-market valuation","Montana ","Wyoming","Wind River Basin","Bighorn River Basin","Shoshone National Forest","Bighorn National Forest","Custer National Forest"],"spatial":"-110.33424,42.71218,-107.35609,46.13764","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0083","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0083","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-11-26"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Plant community, soil, litter decomposition, and environmental data for Acacia koa stands on Hawai\u02bbi Island, 2019","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0001","description":"This data publication contains data obtained from March through August 2019 on tree basal area, grass biomass, soil moisture, nitrogen and carbon pools and fluxes, light levels, as well as litter quantity, quality, and decomposition rates under Acacia koa stands of varying density in multiple mid-elevation old pasture sites on Hawai\u02bbi Island.These data were collected in an attempt to better understand where, and by what mechanisms, Acacia koa (a native N-fixing tree) is able to lower invasive grass biomass in old pasture sites that have been restoration sites across Hawai\u02bbi Island that vary in climate. Nitrogen-fixing trees are often planted in tropical reforestation work because of their fast growth rates and ability to enrich soil nutrients. However, nitrogen (N) contributed to the soil from N-fixing trees can also facilitate growth of competitive exotic grasses. The balance between grass suppression versus facilitation may depend upon tree density and site conditions. Using planted stands of a native N-fixer, Acacia koa (koa), on Hawai\u02bbi Island, we evaluated the efficacy of invasive grass suppression by koa and what mechanisms (e.g, variation in litter decomposition rates or total standing pools of litter, light levels in stands, soil N levels, etc.) might be responsible. We identified a range of tree densities and sites spanning the island.For more information about these data and this study, see Esch and Yelenik (in review).","keyword":["biota","Carbon","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Plant ecology","Forest & Plant Health","Invasive species","Acacia koa","reforestation","soil nitrogen","succession","shade","litter accumulation","Hawai\u02bbi","United States"],"spatial":"-155.90010,19.02320,-154.98960,19.95270","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0001","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0001","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-06-12"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Visitor perceptions of wilderness recreation carrying capacity: Survey data from 1969","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0002","description":"These survey data describe perspectives of visitors, collected via on-site and mail-back questionnaires, from four wildland recreation areas in the summer of 1969. The four areas studied were the Bob Marshall Wilderness in Montana, the Bridger Wilderness in Wyoming, the High Uintas Primitive Area in Utah, and the Boundary Waters Canoe Area and Wilderness in Minnesota. The survey of visitors focused on five dimensions: (1) a description of the visitor\u2019s party\/group; (2) the past experience of the respondent in terms of general outdoor recreation and wilderness; (3) respondent attitudes and perceptions of the various parameters of use; (4) respondent attitudes about potential management; and (5) a standard socioeconomic description of the respondent.The principal objectives of the study were to provide some insight into wilderness visitor attitudes toward the use parameters of amount, type, distribution, and behavior. The study also aimed to understand visitor attitudes toward the concept of use rationing, as well as some specific rationing techniques. These data were among the earliest collected on the topic of recreation carrying capacity, and they subsequently informed both theory and practice in the field of recreation management.For more information about this study and these data, see Stankey (1973) and Stankey (1971).","keyword":["boundaries","location","society","planningCadastre","Environment and People","Recreation","Quality of life","Social values, ethics","carrying capacity","nature-based recreation","limits of acceptable change","visitor use management","visitor experience","recreation rationing","Montana","Wyoming","Minnesota","Utah","National Wilderness Preservation System","Bob Marshall Wilderness","Bridger Wilderness","Boundary Waters Canoe Area and Wilderness","High Uintas Primitive Area"],"spatial":"-113.91624,40.53018,-89.88469,48.47968","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0002","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0002","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-01-06"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04"],"programCode":["010:164"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Post-wildfire hydrogeomorphic risk management assessment data: 2023 streamflow and precipitation after Grizzly Creek Fire, CO","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0003","description":"Watershed disturbances following wildfire can have broad, long lasting, and variable influence on downstream hydrogeomorphic processes causing increased flood risk and sedimentation. With a changing climate, these post-fire downstream impacts may be enhanced by increasing wildfire frequency and severity compounded by increasing intensity of extreme precipitation. Anticipating and preparing for post-fire downstream infrastructure impacts has proved challenging for natural resource and infrastructure managers across the western United State. This has necessitated the development and evaluation of hydrology informed post-fire risk management decision criteria. Within this work, to improve understanding of long-term hydrogeomorphic watershed recovery, we continued to monitor streamflow and precipitation at an existing hydrologic monitoring network at the Grizzly Creek Fire, Colorado (2020). This data package includes our collected 2023 post-fire hydrologic streamflow and precipitation data.This streamflow and precipitation data were collected to study the hydrogeomorphic response and risks following the Grizzly Creek Fire, CO as part of Joint Fire Science Project (JFSP) ID: 22-1-01-31.For more information about this study and these data, see the Lane and Canham (2024) JFSP final report.","keyword":["inlandWaters","Natural Resource Management & Use","Water","Colorado River","decision analysis","debris flow","flooding","Grizzly Creek Fire","hydrogeomorphology","hydrology","post-fire","wildfire","Colorado","White River National Forest"],"spatial":"-107.09940,39.56060,-107.25440,39.57670","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0003","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0003","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-01-16"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Data, video, and photographs from the two-story mass timber building fire tests performed in support of the ICC ad hoc committee on tall wood buildings","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0004","description":"Five full-scale fire experiments were conducted to observe the performance of a two-level apartment-style structure constructed of mass timber. Each level consisted of a one bedroom apartment, an L-shaped corridor, and a stairwell connecting the two levels. One of the primary variables considered in this test series was the amount and location of exposed mass timber. The amount of mass timber surface area protected by gypsum wallboard varied from 100% to no gypsum wallboard protection. For each experiment, the fuel load was identical and the fire was initiated in a base cabinet in the kitchen. In the first three experiments, the fire reached flashover conditions, and subsequently underwent a cooling phase as the fuel load from combustible contents was consumed. The first three experiments were carried out for a duration of up to 4 hours. In the fourth experiment, automatic fire sprinklers were installed. Sprinklers suppressed the fire automatically. In the fifth experiment, the activation of the automatic fire sprinklers was delayed by approximately 20 minutes beyond the sprinkler activation time in the fourth experiment to simulate responding fire service charging a failed sprinkler water system. This package contains data from the various instrumentation used during the experiments, including thermocouples, bidirectional probes, optical density meters, heat flux transducers, directional flame thermometers, gas analyzers, a fire products collector, and residential smoke alarms. In addition, the data package contains digital still photography, video cameras, and a thermal imaging camera. The experiments were conducted in the large burn room of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives Fire Research Laboratory located in Beltsville, Maryland, USA.These data were collected to examine the fire safety of tall wood buildings and were provided to the International Code Council (ICC) ad-hoc committee on tall wood buildings.For more information about this study and these data, see Zelinka et al. (2018).","keyword":["structure","Forest Products","Structure design, engineering, and properties","fire","tall wood buildings","mass timber","compartment fire","fire dynamics","Maryland"],"spatial":"-76.9075,39.0348,-76.9075,39.0348","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0004","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0004","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-01-27"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Spatial datasets of probabilistic wildfire risk components for the conterminous United States (270m) for circa 2011 climate and projected future climate circa 2047","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0006","description":"The Large Fire Simulation System (FSim) simulates the growth and behavior of hundreds of thousands of fire events for risk analysis using geospatial data on historical fire occurrence, weather, terrain, and fuel conditions. It can be used to model the frequency and intensity of fires across large spatial and temporal scales. We simulated fire activity in FSim across the conterminous United States with a 2020 landscape (LANDFIRE) and under two sets of climate conditions: 1) using recent climate patterns from 2004-2018 and 2) with modeled future climate conditions for 2040-2054 to address how fire activity may change under future climate. The purpose of this research is to address how climate itself is expected to impact fire activity. Changes in climate will impact the number of days with conditions that promote burning and affect the intensity of burning conditions, which will impact ultimate fire activity and behavior.\n\nThe data presented here represent modeled burn probability (BP) and conditional flame length probabilities (FLPs) for the conterminous United States (CONUS) at a 270-meter grid spatial resolution. Flame-length probability is estimated for six standard Fire Intensity Levels (FIL). The six FILs correspond to flame-length classes as follows: FLP1 = < 2 feet (ft); FLP2 = 2 - < 4 ft; FLP3 = 4 - < 6 ft; FLP4 = 6 - < 8 ft; FLP5 = 8 - < 12 ft; FLP6 = 12+ ft. Since they indicate conditional probabilities (i.e., representing the likelihood of burning at a certain intensity level, given that a fire occurs), the FLP data must be used in conjunction with the BP data for risk assessment. All calibration settings and input data used in this analysis, such as vegetation and fuels, were the same as those used in the prior 2020-landscape 2011-climate vintage national FSim run, Dillon et al. (2023) (referred to in the remainder of this document as either the \"2020 national run\" or the \"2011 climate run\").\n\nThe 2020 national run published here is distinct from the preceding one in two ways: 1) in the previously published version, burnable pixels that did not burn during any simulations were backfilled with the low burn probability of 0.00008 and were assigned flame length probabilities; in this publication we do not alter outputs in this way; and 2) a complete set of flame length and arrival time data are available for all simulated fires in this version. Because of stochasticity in FSim, the two 2020 national runs have minor differences in some areas.\n\nThe weather streams used in the circa 2047 climate simulation were updated to a 15-year climate period centered on 2047 using projected shifts in monthly temperature, precipitation, and relative humidity from an ensemble of six General Circulation Models (GCMs) from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). Burn probabilities and flame length probabilities from this circa 2047 run were compared to those from the 2020 national FSim run to assess expected changes at the scale of counties and pyromes, or areas of homogeneous fire regime.National-scale assessment of wildfire risk offers a consistent means of evaluating threats to valued resources and assets, thereby facilitating investments in management activities that can mitigate those risks. We used a simulation system to estimate the probabilistic components of wildfire risk across the nation. These outputs have been generated to support a number of national planning and risk assessment efforts.\n\nClimate-conditioned runs (c2047) were generated to simulate the effect of expected climatic changes on fire activity. These data have direct importance for disaster preparedness planning at a national scale. These data may also address how drivers of fire impact simulated fire activity.This data package was originally published on 01\/30\/2025. These data are a newer version of the Short et al. (2016, 2020) data publications. This modified version is based on circa 2020 landscape data, which were the most current LANDFIRE products available at the time of production. The methods used to generate these data generally followed the same process used in Short et al. (2016, 2020), with improvements made at specific steps. The process steps outlined in the Data Quality, Lineage section of this metadata document are expanded to more fully explain each step and provide additional details on methods for this version of the data. Beyond the newer input landscape data from LANDFIRE, we also used updated datasets for other inputs such as fire occurrence, observed gridded daily weather, and wind data from weather stations. To better capture recent climate conditions, we also shortened the time period of historical weather records used to inform the generation of simulated weather streams for simulation runs, using the most recent 15 years this time (2004-2018) rather than full record from 1992-2012 in the second edition (Short et al. 2020).\n\t  \nThe raster files in this package were updated on 07\/01\/2025. The original rasters included values of 0 outside of the extent of CONUS. We have updated each raster to remove those values. Minor metadata updates were also made on 097\/16\/2025.","keyword":["biota","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","environment","Climate change","Climate change effects","Carbon","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Fire","Natural Resource Management & Use","fire","climate change","burn probability","wildfire risk","United States","CONUS"],"spatial":"-125.00000,24.50000,-66.90000,49.50000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0006","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0006","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-07-16"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Microsatellite genetic variation data for endangered Florida torreya (Torreya taxifolia Arn.)","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0007","description":"This data publication includes allele calls for microsatellite markers for Torreya taxifolia Arn. (Florida torreya) a critically endangered (IUCN 3.1) conifer with a very limited native range in the USA, occurring in two counties in Florida and one in Georgia where it persists in ravines along the Apalachicola River. The objectives of this work are to develop genetic markers to uniquely identify individuals, examine the structure of the in situ population, and use an ex situ germplasm resource to determine if reproduction without fertilization (apomixis) occurs. We developed a panel of microsatellite markers, sampled individuals in 2008-2010 from three natural in situ populations in the Florida Gulf Coast and found population structure at all levels tested. The markers were next applied to ex situ mothers, potential fathers, and progeny to investigate the occurrence of apomixis. Data include both in situ and ex situ amplicon lengths for the 12 microsatellite loci (base pair).The objectives of this work are to develop genetic markers to uniquely identify individuals, examine the structure of the in situ population, and use an ex situ germplasm resource to determine if reproduction without fertilization (apomixis) occurs.For more information about these data and this study, see Dreaden et al. (2024).","keyword":["biota","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Plant ecology","conifers","disease","forests","pathogen","reproductive strategies","simple sequential repeats (SSR)","Florida torreya","Torreya taxifolia","Florida","Georgia"],"spatial":"-84.98152,30.49792,-84.86316,30.57257","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0007","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0007","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-02-03"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Private landowner perceptions of prescribed fire near the Dakota Prairie Grasslands","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0008","description":"A survey examining perceptions of prescribed fire use was distributed to landowners in 18 counties (13 in North Dakota and 5 in South Dakota) that include or are adjacent to management units of the USDA Forest Service, Dakota Prairies National Grasslands. Surveys, mailed in 2021, consisted principally of a five-point Likert scale format in which respondents were asked to indicate the degree to which they agreed or disagreed with a series of statements. Questions were asked about agency relationships, management decision-making, attitudes towards public grazing lands, and attitudes towards prescribed fire. This data publication includes the summary data (mid-point and upper and lower 95% confidence interval points) for the 199 surveys that were returned.Although fire has long been an ecological process in rangeland ecosystems, its use in modern land management can be controversial, especially in the northern Great Plains. Understanding the prescribed fire perspectives of private landowners can be important to understanding the barriers to its use in the northern Great Plains.For more information about this survey and these data, see Boland et al. (2025).","keyword":["environment","health","Fire","Prescribed fire","behavioral change theory","rangeland fire management","socio-ecological systems","public grazingland management","North Dakota","South Dakota","Dakota Prairie Grasslands"],"spatial":"-104.05,44.52,-96.56,48.07","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0008","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0008","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-04-08"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Geographic determination data for southern Oregon Pinus ponderosa using DART TOFMS, ICP-MS, and LIBS handheld analyzer","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0009","description":"This data publication contains analytical data from direct analysis in real time time-of-flight mass spectrometry (DART TOFMS), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and handheld laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) collected from five populations of Pinus ponderosa located 14 to 72 kilometers apart in Oregon between October 2021 and February 2025. These data were generated to assess the effectiveness of these techniques paired with machine learning models in determining the geographical provenance of timber. The data support research into forensic wood identification and environmental forensics by providing mass spectral and elemental composition data for comparative analysis. These data can be used to explore classification models, develop geographic reference databases, and evaluate alternative approaches for timber provenance determination. This data publication includes tabular digital data including: 1) the geographic coordinates and final ash mass for 107 Pinus ponderosa core samples, 2) ICP-MS data for 107 Pinus ponderosa wood core samples (normalized), 3) recorded DART TOFMS spectra data including the mass-to-charge ratio and corresponding relative intensity, and 4) recorded LIBS spectra data including wavelength and corresponding intensity.These data were collected to evaluate how data collected via DART TOFMS, LIBS, and ICP-MS could be used to classify different populations of Pinus ponderosa timber.For more information about this study and these data, see Price et al. (2025).","keyword":["location","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","Forest Products","Wood chemistry","timber provenance","machine learning","spectrometry","spectroscopy","Oregon","Jacksonville","Klamath Falls","Ashland"],"spatial":"-122.97694,42.06256,-122.11511,42.45086","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0009","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0009","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-03-24"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"County-level agroforestry reported in the 2017 and 2022 U.S. Census of Agriculture","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0044-2","description":"In the United States, agroforestry is commonly defined as a suite of land management practices that intentionally integrate woody plants (trees, shrubs, vines, etc.) with crop and\/or animal production systems. Understanding agroforestry adoption in the United States is critical to serve as a baseline of existing agroforestry systems and for future planning purposes. There is growing interest in identifying where future systems are most likely to occur. Since 2017, the Census of Agriculture (COA) from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) has asked whether farm operations have agroforestry. While the COA does not differentiate the type of agroforestry used (e.g., windbreak, silvopasture, forest farming, alley cropping, riparian forest buffer) it does provide county-level numbers of farm operations practicing agroforestry. These raw numbers, available from the NASS website in tabular format, can then be joined to county-level geospatial data to provide thematic maps. This data publication includes vector polygon spatial data in multiple formats that includes the number of farm operations reporting agroforestry, the total number of farms, and the percentage of farm operations reporting agroforestry for each county in the U.S. in 2017 and 2022. The change in the proportion of farms reporting agroforestry from 2017 to 2022 is also included.The raw data were produced by the USDA National Agricultural Statistics Survey (NASS) Census of Agriculture (COA.) The COA is completed every 5 years and is a count of U.S. farms and ranches from which $1,000 or more of agricultural products were produced and sold, or normally would have been sold, during the census year. It also looks at land use, ownership, production practices, income, and other characteristics. The 2017 COA was the first census to ask if producers have any of the five common agroforestry practices (windbreak, silvopasture, forest farming, alley cropping, riparian forest buffer.) NASS included the same agroforestry question in the 2022 COA, allowing for the first national-level trend analysis for agroforestry extent in the United States. The National Agroforestry Center published the first maps depicting the agroforestry results from the COA in 2017 and have now created a new series of maps to reflect newly published agroforestry data from the 2022 COA. In addition, maps showing change in agroforestry at the national scale have been created, using data from the 2017 and 2022 COA. The purpose of this project was to use the raw census numbers to create a spatial layer for visualization, mapping, and analysis purposes.For more information about these data, see Kellerman et al. (2025) and Smith et al. (2022). \n\t  \nThe first edition of these data, Kellerman (2023, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0044) contains 2017 data. This second edition includes the same 2017 data, but a different source for county boundaries was used (more details below), as well as the addition to 2022 data.","keyword":["agroforestry","windbreaks","silvopasture","alley cropping","forest farming","riparian forest buffers","survey","farming","environment","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Resource inventory","Natural Resource Management & Use","Agroforestry","United States"],"spatial":"-179.147337,18.910783,-66.26953,71.390483","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0044-2","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2023-0044-2","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-02-19"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Water vapor absorption data for western larch (Larix occidentalis Nutt.): Results of a worldwide interlaboratory study","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0010","description":"Automated sorption balances are widely used for characterizing the interaction of water vapor with hygroscopic materials. This data publication is part of an interlaboratory study investigating the stability and performance of automated sorption balances. For this portion of the study, we investigated the mass stability of western larch (Larix occidentalis Nutt.) wood samples held at constant relative humidity (RH) for seven to ten days after a step change had been included. The reason for the long hold times was to collect data to \u201coperational equilibrium\u201d where the change in mass is on the order of the inherent operational stability of the instrument. A total of 80 datasets were acquired from 21 laboratories around the world, collected between February 2022 and October 2024, covering absorption with final RH levels ranging from 10% to 95%. Measurements within each dataset include the time, mass, relative humidity, and temperature data for each sorption step of interest.These data were collected to characterize the performance of automated sorption balances.For more information about this study and these data, see Zelinka et al. (2025; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10450-025-00627-2). \n\t  \nZelinka et al. (2024; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2024-0025) contains a related data publication that characterizes the mass, temperature, and relative humidity (RH) stability of automated sorption balances by looking at the mass change of a non-hygroscopic sample over time.","keyword":["economy","Forest Products","Forest products engineering","Wood properties","forest products laboratory","interlaboratory investigation","water vapor sorption","dynamic vapor sorption","sorption isotherms","automated sorption balances","measurement uncertainty","instrument stability","United States","Europe","Asia","Middle East"],"spatial":"-89.42705556,22.30985342,116.35002778,60.18647222","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0010","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0010","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-06-23"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Vegetation structure and composition in the Shoshone Mountains and Toiyabe, Toquima, and Monitor ranges, Nevada","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0007-3","description":"These data document vegetation structure (trees, shrubs, and ground cover), composition of trees and shrubs (in most cases, ground cover is differentiated by functional group but not by species), and presence or absence of cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) in canyons throughout four mountain ranges in the central Great Basin (Lander, Nye, and Eureka counties, Nevada): the Shoshone Mountains, Toiyabe Range, Toquima Range, and Monitor Range. Vegetation data were collected between 2002 and 2013 and in 2023 or 2024 at locations where annual point-counts of breeding birds were conducted or at the ends of 100-meter transects along which we searched for Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) scats. Data on presence or absence of cheatgrass were gathered annually from 2006 through 2014. We measured vegetation structure and composition at the majority of locations in at least three years. The year in which vegetation structure and composition first was measured at a given location varied; vegetation structure and composition was remeasured at virtually all locations in 2013 and either 2023 or 2024. Vegetation structure and composition generally was measured more frequently at locations that were treated with prescribed fire or wildfire, or that served as controls for studies on responses of plants and animals to fire, than at other locations.Data were collected to examine relations between probabilities of detection and occupancy of breeding birds and vegetation covariates. Data have also been used to train and validate models of vegetation (e.g., presence of riparian vegetation, potential changes in distribution of dominant species) that were based on remotely sensed data. Additionally, data will be used to examine responses of vegetation following fire treatments and post-fire land use.These data serve as environmental covariates for the data publication 'Detections of breeding birds in the Shoshone, Toiyabe, Toquima, and Monitor ranges, Nevada' (Fleishman 2015, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0002.3). Vegetation data were collected at virtually all locations where birds were sampled. Spatial data attributes in the breeding-bird data publication and this data publication (range, canyon, year, UTMx, UTMy) are the same and can be linked in a relational database or lookup table. Although the data primarily were collected to characterize bird habitat, they also could serve as environmental covariates for the data publication 'Presence and absence of butterflies in the Shoshone Mountains and Toiyabe and Toquima ranges, Nevada' (Fleishman 2015, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2011-0003.3). In most cases, vegetation was sampled at multiple locations within each segment that is included in the butterfly data, and the data products can be linked via spatial data attributes.\n\t  \nThe first edition of these data was made available in Fleishman (2013, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0007). The second edition of the data (Fleishman 2015, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0007-2), added 2 more years of data; in some cases, discriminated more finely among closely related species; and better documented multi-stemmed species such as willows. For locations at which vegetation had not been measured since the mid-2000s, the second edition more accurately reflected current conditions. Furthermore, virtually all measurements reflected in the second edition were made during the same year. Very minor issues with the data files in 2002-2012 files were corrected, but none that altered any actual data values. Additionally, the metadata were improved. This third edition of the data adds 2 more years of data; better recognizes uncertainty in the species-level identities of some plants identified to genus; and adds a few new taxa.","keyword":["biota","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Animal ecology","Fire","Fire effects on environment","Prescribed fire","Forest & Plant Health","Botany","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Birds","Habitat management","vegetation","plants","trees","shrubs","grasses","forbs","riparian","upland","wildfire","time series","breeding birds","Greater Sage-Grouse","Centrocercus urophasianus","land cover","JFSP","Joint Fire Science Program","SERDP","Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program","central Nevada","Nevada","Great Basin","Shoshone Mountains","Toiyabe Range","Toquima Range","Monitor Range","Lander County","Nye County","Eureka County"],"spatial":"-117.547233160187,38.6448263136483,-116.412277771069,39.4429268147128","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0007-3","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0007-3","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-02-28"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Fireline engagement from the National Interagency Fire Center Feature Service from 2017-2024","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0011","description":"The escalation of wildfires in the USA, coupled with rising firefighting costs and decreasing workforce capacity, underscores the critical need to evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of containment measures. However, the existing spatial data that records the locations and types of containment measures and wildfire perimeters contains numerous errors and redundancies. This data publication includes a comprehensive fireline quality assurance and quality control dataset developed from the wildland firefighting operations data reported in the National Interagency Fire Center National Incident Feature Service (NIFC) from 2017-2024. This improved dataset contains reliable spatial locations for fireline built during suppression operations, the associated verified fire perimeters, and identifies where containment was a success or failure. This improved final dataset represents critical information that has not been previously available to assess the success of fireline operations and incident management resource use efficiency.To provide a quality-assured spatial dataset of historical firelines, extracted from the National Interagency Fire Center's operational data for fires greater than 1000 acres from 2017-2024. It also includes an analysis of fireline effectiveness, categorizing outcomes as held, burned over, or not engaged. The lessons learned from analyses utilizing this dataset are critical for improving the efficiency and effectiveness of the United States wildfire management system.For more information about this study and these data, see Arkowitz et al. (2025, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41597-025-05208-0).\n\t  \nThese data were published on 03\/26\/2025. Minor metadata updates were made on 06\/23\/2025.","keyword":["environment","Environment and People","Impact of people on environment","Fire","Fire effects on environment","Fire suppression, pre-suppression","Wildland\/urban interface","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","Landscape management","fireline data","wildfire incidents","NIFC","fire containment","fire containment status","firefighting","operational fireline data","fire suppression effectiveness","fireline engagement","fireline attribution QAQC","suppression outcome evaluation","tactical fireline decisions","resource objective wildfire","wildfire management","United States"],"spatial":"-163.75052,19.40022,-75.77466,67.03602","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0011","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0011","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-06-23"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04"],"programCode":["010:164"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Treefrog response data from two-year assessment of prescribed fire impacts in Central Florida pine flatwoods","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0012","description":"This data publication contains tabular data from an assessment of the effects of prescribed fires on a pine flatwoods specialist frog, the pinewoods treefrog Dryophytes femoralis, in a frequently burned pine landscape in Central Florida. We compared variation in abundance and survival in a before-after-control-impact study with prescribed fire as the experimental treatment. We used 240 plastic pipe refugia to sample populations in 8 circular plots over 27 months (between November 2019 and February 2022) and 7 independent prescribed fires (1 fire spanned 2 plots). Plots received prescribed fire during the growing season (March - July) in 2020 (N=3 plots) or 2021 (N=5 plots). We removed pipes from the plot before the burn, and from another plot not getting burned that day to control for pipe removal impacts, then returned all pipes immediately after the fire. We observed 1805 individuals with 1790 additional recaptures and modeled population trends and survival using mark-recapture techniques and mixed linear models with a Bayesian framework. This data publication includes tabular frog capture data, tree data associated with frog captures, covariate analysis results, and the R code used to analyze and graph these data.Pine flatwoods of the southeastern United States were shaped by frequent fires. Today, land managers use prescribed fires to control fuels but also to restore historical lightning-caused fire dynamics. Broad outcomes of this practice are well-understood, but impacts on many organisms are still being explored. Frogs, for example, have upland and wetland requirements, limited mobility, and skin susceptible to desiccation. Treefrogs spend most of their lives in uplands away from water. When fire approaches, animals may escape to an unburned area, shelter or hide in place, or be killed by the fire. We examined which of these mechanisms is the prevailing short-term response dynamic for persistence of a specialist treefrog in a pyrogenic flatwoods system.For more information about this study and these data, see Biazzo and Quintana-Ascencio (2025).","keyword":["biota","environment","inlandWaters","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Animal ecology","Environment and People","Urban natural resources management","Fire","Fire ecology","Prescribed fire","Wildland\/urban interface","Natural Resource Management & Use","Landscape management","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Amphibians","amphibians","treefrogs","Dryophytes femoralis","pinewoods treefrog","mark-recapture","pine flatwoods","tree canopy","fire effects","Bayesian","post-fire","Florida","southeastern United States"],"spatial":"-81.447637,28.012865,-81.369434,28.129646","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0012","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0012","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-04-22"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Surveys and group discussions about shared stewardship of wilderness: Data collected during a session at the 2019 National Wilderness Workshop","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0013","description":"This data publication includes the results of surveys taken by 119 members of the Wilderness community at the 2019 National Wilderness Workshop (NWW). The survey was designed to capture opinion on shared stewardship, and included questions concerning its effectiveness, innovative ideas to facilitate its implementation, and primary concerns moving forward.The purpose of this research was to understand how the conversation around wilderness shared stewardship has evolved over time, and to initiate a productive discussion around salient issues to facilitate empathy among those in the Wilderness community. We expect that such empathy can lead to stronger shared stewardship partnerships over time.For more information about these data, see Armatas et al. (2021).","keyword":["society","Environment and People","Natural Resource Management & Use","wilderness stewardship planning","wilderness management","visitor use management","United States"],"spatial":"-180,20,-70,70","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0013","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0013","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-03-13"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Overstory tree and regeneration data from the \"Silvicultural Effects on Composition, Structure, and Growth\" study at Penobscot Experimental Forest","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2012-0008-3","description":"This data publication contains all available data collected from 1952 through 2023 at the Penobscot Experimental Forest in Bradley and Eddington, ME, under the study plan: FS-NRS-07-08-01 \"Study Plan: Silvicultural effects on composition, structure and growth of northern conifers in the Acadian Forest Region: Revision of the Compartment Management Study on the Penobscot Experimental Forest\". This third edition comprising data previously published and data collected since the publication of the second edition in 2015. Data were collected on a series of permanent sample plots distributed across management units receiving various silvicultural treatments. Plot data are available in eight separate data sets. Overstory tree and sapling data include tree species, condition (e.g., merchantability status and cause of mortality), and diameter at breast height of living and dead trees, 1952 to 2023. Regeneration data include tree seedling species, presence, and count by height class, 1964 to 2023. Tree location data include the distance and azimuth from plot center of a subsample of trees, 2003 to 2023. Height and crown radius data include total height, height to crown base, and crown radius measurements for a subsample of live trees, 2003 to 2020 (heights) and 2003 to 2017 (radii). Understory vegetation and substrate data include percent cover by substrate and vegetation categories, 2003 to 2023. Standing deadwood data include heights and bark condition of standing snags, 2013 to 2020. Permanent sample plot location data include geospatial coordinates for permanent sample plots, 2018 and 2020. Depth to water table data include minimum, maximum, and average water table depths at three drainage thresholds at each plot location, 2023. Future inventories are planned for this study indefinitely.The primary objective of the long-term silvicultural study, called the Compartment Management Study (CMS), conducted by the USDA Forest Service at the Penobscot Experimental Forest (PEF) is to quantify tree and stand response to silvicultural treatment. Response variables include regeneration, species composition, and tree and stand growth, productivity, and quality. Data provide information about natural and human disturbances and their effects on forest stand dynamics. A secondary objective of the study is to provide a variety of forest structures at one location to be used as the framework for short-term experiments in ecology and silviculture.A number of revisions have been made to this long-term study over time, including but not limited to changes in silvicultural prescriptions (e.g., target residual basal areas, tree size thresholds for removals, and species composition goals), sampling protocols (e.g., numbers and sizes of sample plots, tree species and condition codes, and frequency of inventory), and response variables (e.g., overstory tree attributes, regeneration, understory vegetation and substrate, and deadwood). \n\nThe first edition of this data publication was published in 2012 (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2012-0008). The second edition (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0008-2), published in 2015, included two years of additional data as well as corrections to data errors. This third edition includes nine additional years of overstory tree, regeneration, stem mapping, and understory data (through 2023), six additional years of tree height and crown data (through 2020 and 2013, respectively, when collection of those data was paused), and updated values for plot-level depth to water table. A protocol for collecting additional data on standing deadwood (total height, height to base of splinter, and bark condition) was in use for eight years (2013 through 2020), and these data have been included as a new data table in the third edition. Corrections to data have also been addressed in this version. Supplemental materials and metadata have been revised to reflect these changes, and a list of changes between the first, second, and third editions are located in the supplemental files (available with the full data publication download).\n\nWe strongly recommend that users read the study plans and accompanying documentation provided with the full data publication download, and familiarize themselves with the methodology references before proceeding with data summary or analysis.","keyword":["biota","Forest & Plant Health","Botany","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","Timber","silviculture","species composition","timber supply","forest management","forest stand dynamics","tree regeneration","tree and stand growth","tree height","tree crown","canopy","crown width","balsam fir","red spruce","woody plants","Penobscot Experimental Forest","Maine"],"spatial":"-68.6443,44.8269,-68.5862,44.8726","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2012-0008-3","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2012-0008-3","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-11-21"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:034"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Public engagement input from Wallowa-Whitman National Forest resiliency project: 2021 Q-methodology data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0014","description":"The Wallowa-Whitman National Forest (WWNF), in Oregon, identified forest conditions in the Morgan Nesbit area that are at high risk of loss from disturbances (insects, disease, wildlife). By applying a landscape approach, the WWNF identified 87,000 acres where management will aim to move forest, riparian and grassland conditions toward an ecologically resilient landscape. To understand public perspectives on the resiliency project, managers (with support from USDA Forest Service, Research and Development) developed a web-based application to gather public input on the importance of ecosystem services and the associated drivers of change that may facilitate or impede the provision of such ecosystem services. These data include the perspectives of 74 people from the communities surrounding WWNF who responded to the web-based application in the spring of 2021; specifically, the ecosystem services prioritization (Q-sorts), relevant drivers of change selected, and limited demographic characteristics of each person who participated.The primary goal of this public engagement activity was to understand what ecosystem services are most important to members of the interested public within the context of the Morgan Nesbit area. The public input was meant to guide planning and communication as the WWNF approached the Morgan Nesbit resiliency project.","keyword":["biota","environment","health","Forest & Plant Health","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Natural Resource Management & Use","valuing ecosystem services","National Forest planning","Q-methodology","Oregon","Wallowa-Whitman National Forest","Morgan Nesbit area"],"spatial":"-118.050583,44.235486,-116.524963,45.984031","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0014","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0014","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-03-17"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Hill Demonstration Forest climate, soil moisture and tree water use data","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0015","description":"This data publication contains daily vapor pressure deficit, solar radiation, soil moisture, sap flux density, tree transpiration, and precipitation data measured from 2018 to 2019 (pre-thinning) and 2020 (post-thinning) on a watershed planted with loblolly pines (Pinus taeda L.) in January 2012. The study site is on the Hill Demonstration Forest (owned and managed by North Carolina University) and is located north of Durham, North Carolina. Sap flux density and tree transpiration were measured from both loblolly pine and shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.). Sap flux density is a localized measure of water movement through the tree at a specific point. Transpiration is computed from sap flux density however it is a whole-tree process, representing the total water used and released by the tree.The purpose of this study is to understand species-specific water use to refine watershed water budget models, aiding forest management strategies. Sap flux density offers insights into water movement within the tree\u2019s xylem but needs to be scaled up to provide a full understanding of the tree\u2019s water use. Transpiration provides a more comprehensive picture of the tree\u2019s water use and its contribution to the local water cycle.For more information about this study and these data, see Boggs et al. (2024).","keyword":["climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","transpiration","loblolly pine","shortleaf pine","sap flux density","North Carolina","Piedmont"],"spatial":"-78.86670,36.21783,-78.86494,36.22104","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0015","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0015","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-03-17"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Luquillo Experimental Forest Sabana weather station scaffold tower data, 2018-present","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0030-2","description":"This data publication contains hourly field data from the weather station at Sabana Field Station, on top of a scaffold tower in the Luquillo Experimental Forest (El Yunque National Forest), Puerto Rico collected from 2018 through 2025. The weather station collects solar radiation, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), air temperature, air relative humidity, precipitation, barometric pressure, and wind (speed and direction broken down to octants with a wind rose). The weather data have been recorded at the Sabana Field station since 2001; this is the third location of the weather station. The weather station was located on the laboratory roof from 2001-2007, and a demonstrative weather station existed 2007-2018. This newer weather station\u2019s data should not be directly compared to the previous weather stations, as it is in a different location.The Sabana weather station in the Luquillo Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico, monitors the climate of the forest for long term records and use for other research studies requiring abiotic data.The first edition of these data (Gonz\u00e1lez et al. 2021; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0030) includes data from 2018 through 2020. This second edition includes data from 2021-2025 and a few minor revisions to barometric pressure and solar radiation which are noted in the process steps section below.","keyword":["biota","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Forest & Plant Health","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","disturbance","hurricanes","tropical forests","Luquillo Experimental Forest","Sabana Field Station","El Yunque National Forest","Luquillo Mountains","Puerto Rico"],"spatial":"-65.89737,18.21337,-65.69412,18.36528","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0030-2","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0030-2","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-04-03"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Use patterns and visitor characteristics, attitudes and preferences in seven wilderness and other roadless areas in Montana, USA: Survey data from 1970","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0016","description":"In 1970, visitor surveys were collected across seven study areas in Montana, United States; at the time of data collection, the study areas were either designated wilderness, established primitive areas, unclassified USDA Forest Service lands and, in one case (i.e., the Jewel Basin), a recognized roadless recreation area. This data publication includes all data from the seven surveys, all of which were identical in their general methodological approach. The questions asked include what wildlife they saw in the wilderness, was this their first visit to a roadless wilderness, how satisfied they were personally with their trip into the wilderness, what their gender is, how important or valuable wilderness areas are to them, what recreational activities they did in the wilderness, and if they used guidebooks or maps for the wilderness they visited.This study was designed to make a comparison of use patterns and visitor characteristics among the seven wilderness and other roadless areas, while also serving as a baseline for use patterns and visitor characteristics to be potentially tracked over time.For more information about this study, analysis of the survey data, and discussion of potential management implications of the survey findings, see Lucas (1980).","keyword":["economy","inlandWaters","society","Environment and People","Recreation","Natural Resource Management & Use","Monitoring","wilderness stewardship planning","nature-based recreation","visitor use management","visitor experience","Montana","Idaho","California","Bob Marshall Wilderness","Cabinet Mountains Wilderness","Great Bear Wilderness","Jewel Basin Hiking Area","Mission Mountain Wilderness","Scapegoat Wilderness","Spanish Peaks Primitive Area"],"spatial":"-115.76431058918136,45.14720480546673,-111.42670865767246,47.45593031593914","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0016","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0016","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-04-02"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Canopy coverage and dry weight of understory vegetation from two silvicultural experiments in southeast Alaska","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0017","description":"This data publication contains understory vegetation canopy coverage and dry weight data collected from 2007 to 2019 as part of the Tongass Wide Young Growth Studies (TWYGS) and Prince of Wales Commercial Thinning (POW-CT) silviculture experiments on young growth stands on the Tongass National Forest, Alaska. Data include vegetation cover information such as plant scientific name, species percent cover and dry weight of vegetation.Data were collected as part of two long-term silvicultural experiments, TWYGS and POW-CT. These studies analyze the effects of these experiments on wildlife habitat and understory vegetation (a key component of wildlife habitat). These data have been used to develop allometric equations to estimate vegetation biomass for publications of these studies.","keyword":["biota","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Plant ecology","silviculture","understory vegetation","plant production","Alaska","Price of Wales Island","Tongass National Forest"],"spatial":"-133.3457591,55.32113356,-132.5339544,56.28881807","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0017","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0017","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-04-02"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Modeled flow metrics for stream segments in the United States under historical conditions and projected climate change scenarios","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0018","description":"These files represent modeled streamflow across the contiguous United States, for the historical period (1977\u20132006), and two projected future time periods, mid-century (2030\u20132059), and end-of-century (2070\u20132099), based on gridded simulations of daily total runoff. The flow regime is of fundamental importance in determining the physical and ecological characteristics of a river or stream, but actual flow measurements are only available for a small minority of stream segments, mostly on large rivers. Flows for all other streams must be extrapolated or modeled. Modeling is also necessary to estimate flow regimes under future climate conditions. These use RCP 8.5 projections of temperature and precipitation, downscaled to a 1\/8 degree (approximately 12 kilometers) cell size, which are used as inputs to the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) macroscale hydrologic model. For each stream segment in the National Hydrography Dataset Plus Version 2 (NHDPlusV2) in the contiguous U.S. we calculated hydrographs for the three time periods. From these we calculated summary flow metrics to describe flow regimes for each stream segment and each time period and joined these to the NHD stream segments for visualization and analysis. These results allow scientists and managers to easily compare historical and projected flow patterns, including monthly, seasonal, and annual flow, flood and drought events, and timing of peak and low flows. This data publication includes the following three geodatabases: 1) flow metrics for all time periods, NHD regions, and models, merged, projected, and cleaned, for the 5-model average results; 2) individual streamflow metric files for each time period, absolute change between them, and percent change between them, for the 5-model average results; and 3) individual streamflow metric files for each time period, absolute change between them, and percent change between them, for each of 5 climate models.The purpose of this study was to model streamflow across the contiguous United States, for the historical period (1977\u20132006), and two projected future time periods, mid-century (2030\u20132059), and end-of-century (2070\u20132099), based on gridded simulations of daily total runoff.This data publication is an update to the \"Western U.S. stream flow metric dataset\" (Wenger et al. 2010). In this update we expand the spatial extent of the analysis, use updated climate scenarios, and include additional climate metrics. For more methodological details, see Wenger et al. (2010).\n\t  \nThis data publication only includes the summarized data, due to the size of the unsummarized files. Additional data, described in \\Supplements\\Data_available_upon_request.pdf, may be available upon request.","keyword":["environment","inlandWaters","geoscientificInformation","Climate change","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Natural Resource Management & Use","Water","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","hydrology","streams","variable infiltration capacity","VIC","national hydrography dataset","NHD","water","streamflow","climate change","climate","historical","future","contiguous United States"],"spatial":"-127.842954,23.245031,-65.416668,51.518966","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0018","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0018","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-04-17"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"The Fireshed Registry: Fireshed and subfireshed boundaries for the continental United States and Hawaii","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0054-4","description":"The Fireshed Registry is a geospatial dashboard and decision tool built to organize information about wildfire transmission to communities and monitor progress towards risk reduction for communities from management investments. The concept behind the Fireshed Registry is to identify and map the source of risk rather than what is at risk across all lands in the continental United States and Hawaii. While the Fireshed Registry was organized around mapping the source of fire risk to communities, the framework does not preclude the assessment of other resource management priorities and trends such as water, fish and aquatic or wildlife habitat, or recreation. The Fireshed Registry is also a multi-scale decision tool for quantifying, prioritizing, and geospatially displaying wildfire transmission to buildings in adjacent or nearby communities.\n\nFireshed areas in the Fireshed Registry are approximately 250,000-acre accounting units that are delineated based on smoothed building exposure maps of the continental United States and Hawaii. These boundaries were created by dividing up the landscape into regular-sized units that represent similar source levels of community exposure to wildfire risk. Subfiresheds are approximately 25,000-acre accounting units nested within firesheds. This data publication includes three separate geodatabases, one for the conterminous United States (CONUS), one for Alaska, and one for Hawaii. All three geodatabases contain both firesheds and subfiresheds. See metadata for the individual geodatabases and feature classes for more details.The fireshed and subfireshed boundaries are designed to delineate hotspots of fire transmission to adjacent or nearby communities to facilitate cohesive cross-boundary risk mitigation planning.This data publication is the fourth edition of the Fireshed Registry. The first edition included the conterminous United States (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0054). The second edition (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0054-2) was created to include firesheds and project areas for Alaska. The third edition (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0054-3) changed the name of fireshed \"project areas\" to \"subfiresheds\".\n\nThis fourth edition includes firesheds and subfiresheds for Hawaii; corrects 23 duplicated fireshed names in the CONUS dataset; updates 89 additional names in the CONUS dataset so that the named place used as the fireshed name is actually located in the state having the fireshed's majority area; and removes building exposure and disturbance estimates from the attribute tables of the firesheds and subfiresheds. The smoothed building exposure rasters for the continental United States that were used to calculate the exposure attributes can be found in the data publication https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0015-3. The Alaska dataset is unchanged from previous versions.","keyword":["geoscientificInformation","Fire","Fire effects on environment","Wildland\/urban interface","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","wildfire","wildfire exposure","wildfire transmission","wildfire management","United States"],"spatial":"-178.204326,18.910352,-66.888649,71.363839","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0054-4","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2020-0054-4","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-04-03"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Cover and density data of southwestern ponderosa pine understory plants in permanent chart quadrats (2002-2020+)","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0092-2","description":"This data publication includes cover and density data collected on 101 permanent 1 meter (m) x 1 m (1-m\u00b2) quadrats located within southwestern ponderosa pine ecosystems near Flagstaff, Arizona, USA. Individual plants in these quadrats were identified and mapped annually for 23 years (2002-2024). The original chart quadrats were established between 1912 and 1927. We provide the following data and data formats: (1) digitized maps of all plant locations in shapefile and geodatabase format, (2) shapefiles showing annual locations of each individual plant species, (3) exported annual maps of each quadrat in TIFF and PDF format, (4) annual basal area of each species per quadrat for species mapped as polygons, (5) tabular representation of polygon areas and centroid locations for plant species mapped as polygons, (6) tabular representation of point locations for plant species mapped as points, (7) plot-scale 20 m x 20 m overstory tree canopy cover, tree basal area, parent material, and elevation, (8) quadrat-scale information (e.g., quadrat site and number, coordinates in UTM Zone 12 and latitude\/longitude, and descriptive comments for each quadrat), (9) plant species list, (10) summary of plant species observed in each quadrat, (11) summary of quadrats mapped by site and year, and (12) data formatted for use in Integral Projection Models (IPM) and plant population analyses.The original chart quadrats were established to determine the effects of domestic livestock grazing on herbaceous plants and pine seedlings. Today these data provide opportunities to examine the effects of climate and land-use change on plant demography, population dynamics, and community processes.For more information about this study and these data see Moore et al. (2022, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ecy.3661). All associated novel code files are permanently archived in a Zenodo repository (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.7581945).\n\t  \nThe first edition of these data, Moore et al. (2021; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0092) contains data from 2020-2022. This second edition, published on 04\/16\/2025, includes data for 2023 and 2024. Modifications were made to the individual species shapefile folder names, and additional data-entry errors were found and fixed. Specifically we added \u201c2002-2024\u201d to all the individual species folder names to indicate that the folder contained all data between those years. On Plot 26346 we fixed an error in which the quadrat was incorrectly rotated in 2022. On Plot 30737 we fixed an error in which the quadrat was incorrectly rotated in the years 2009-2015. We found that Thinopyrum intermeidium had been historically misidentified as Pascopyrum smithii on Quadrats 3 and 30740, and that Thinopyrum intermeidium had been historically misidentified as Elymus trachycaulus on Quadrats 3, 4, 30739 and 30740. All cases were corrected to Thinopyrum intermeidium.","keyword":["biota","environment","Climate change","Climate change effects","Ecological adaptation","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Plant ecology","Forest & Plant Health","Botany","Climate effects","Human effects","Rangeland plants","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Natural Resource Management & Use","Range management & grazing","chart quadrat","demography","forbs","long-term study","graminoid","population dynamics","Arizona","Fort Valley Experimental Forest","Coconino National Forest"],"spatial":"-111.84,35.45,-111.55,35.07","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0092-2","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2021-0092-2","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2023-02-17"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"National Forest Carbon Monitoring System (NFCMS) version 3.0 - Carbon stocks and potential sequestration over conterminous U.S. forests","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0019","description":"This data publication includes the newest version update (3.0) of the National Forest Carbon Monitoring System (NFCMS). It provides 30-meter resolution data of forest extent, forest type, forest carbon stocks, historical forest conversion (1990-2020), and potential future forest carbon stocks for the years 2050 and 2070 based on a 30-years and 50-years, respectively, grow-only scenarios where no disturbances (harvest, fire, insects) nor changes in climate are considered. This version of NFCMS included significant updates in Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA)-fitted carbon curves as well as forest extent and forest disturbance history. All units have been switched to metric tons of CO\u2082e per acre [also equal to megagrams of CO\u2082e per acre]. Forest carbon stocks are provided at the regional level (Northeast, Northern Lake States, Northern Prairie States, Pacific Northwest, Pacific Southwest, Rocky Mountain North, Rocky Mountain South, South Central, and Southeast). The data are also provided at the conterminous-United States (CONUS) level, which are simple mosaics of the regional maps and do not involve continental-level averages or other model adjustments.The U.S. National Forest Carbon Monitoring System (NFCMS) version 3.0 provides a conterminous United States 30-m resolution dataset of forest carbon stocks in 2020, and a grow-only potential sequestration by 2050 and by 2070.This data publication is based on a similar methodology to the published version of National Forest Carbon Monitoring System (NFCMS), Williams et al. (2021).","keyword":["environment","Carbon","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","National Forest Carbon Monitoring System","NFCMS","carbon stocks","carbon sequestration","biomass","forest disturbance","conterminous United States"],"spatial":"-128.02890,22.91400,-65.20290,48.28890","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0019","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0019","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-04-21"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Individual longitudinal data (20 years) on goshawk ecology, demography, lifetime reproduction, territory and mate fidelity, breeding dispersal, and habitat quality by American goshawk (Astur atricapillus) [formally northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis)] in northern Arizona, USA","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0014-2","description":"The American goshawk (Astur atricapillus) is listed as a sensitive species on most National Forests and has been shown to be affected by various forest management practices, especially logging and fire management. This data publication contains detailed data collected regarding lifespans, breeding lifespans, breeding attempts, number of lifetime mates, and turnover of male and female goshawks on 100+ breeding territories. Data were collected in the Kaibab Plateau in northern Arizona from 1991-2010.These data were collected to determine the demographic performance of breeders on each territory in order to investigate the relationship between the composition and horizontal and vertical structure of forests in territories and long-term (as many as 20 years) goshawk survival and reproduction on each of 100+ territories. The overall purpose was to investigate the specific vegetation composition and 3-dimensional forest structure in territories that confers habitat quality to goshawks and the plant and animal (prey) species in their food web.For more information about this study and these data, see Reynolds et al. (2017, 2019, and 2025).\n\t  \nThe first edition of these data (Reynolds 2019) was published on 04\/23\/2019. This second edition reflects updated and cross-referenced individual identifications as well as additional derived metrics of territory and individual quality. In the original dataset, a row for each year of the study (n=20) was included for each banded bird. In the second edition, years with no observations\/sightings were omitted. We recommend use of this second edition.","keyword":["biota","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Birds","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Ecology","American goshawk","Astur atricapillus","Accipiter gentilis","lifetime reproduction","habitat choice","mate choice","turnover","body size","breeding dispersal","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","Arizona","Kaibab Plateau","Coconino County"],"spatial":"-112.24110,36.24540,-112.08070,36.85130","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0014-2","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2019-0014-2","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-04-28"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Forest disturbances in the Great Lakes region, 1986-2019","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0020","description":"This data publication contains thirty-four (34) georeferenced (GeoTIFF) raster files containing annual forest disturbances predicted for the Great Lakes region for each year from 1986 to 2019. Disturbed locations were predicted using a Landsat-spectral index (i.e., tasseled-cap wetness) and the LandTrendr algorithm. Locations representing disturbed forests were further attributed into 5 disturbance classes resulting in a raster with seven (7) map classes: conversion, fire, flood, harvest, other disturbance, persistent forest, and non-forest. Additionally, this data publication contains one (1) GeoTIFF raster file containing the most recent disturbance, with respect to the year 2019, for the study area.These data were produced to analyze forest disturbances across the United States portion of the Great Lakes Region for the period 1986 to 2019.These data were published on 07\/23\/2025. On 08\/04\/2025, the metadata and supplemental file were updated to include citation details for the newly published article.\n\t  \nFor more information about this study and these data, see Fekety et al. (2025).","keyword":["biota","environment","imageryBaseMapsEarthCover","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Fire","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Natural Resource Management & Use","forest canopy disturbance","disturbance mapping","disturbance attribution","change detection","Great Lakes","Minnesota","Wisconsin","Michigan","Illinois","Indiana","Ohio","Pennsylvania","New York","Allegheny National Forest","Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest","Hiawatha National Forest","Huron Manistee National Forest","Ottawa National Forest","Superior National Forest"],"spatial":"-94.39623,40.68461,-72.48629,46.77620","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0020","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0020","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-08-04"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Frank Church-River of No Return Wilderness: data from 1979-2019 campsite impact monitoring","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0021","description":"Over the past forty years, formal and informal campsites (whether by the USDA Forest Service or by users themselves) have been established, and sometimes, left to fade away. Systematic monitoring of these campsites, among other Wilderness resources, is mandated by the Wilderness Act of 1964, the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, Central Idaho Wilderness Act and the Frank Church-River of No Return Wilderness (FC-RONRW) Plan. This data publication includes 40 years of tabular data related to campsite conditions and impacts at the Frank Church-River of No Return Wilderness in Idaho, which allows wilderness managers to understand how campsite conditions and presence\/absence are changing over time. These data were compiled from a variety of sources, including both digital and non-digital data files of the multiple districts managing the FC-RONRW. These data can support an understanding of how wilderness character is changing, particularly as it relates to naturalness and primitive conditions.The purpose of this project was to compile all known sources of FC-RONRW campsite inventory data into one dataset, clean the data to address inconsistencies (i.e., in naming conventions, variables recorded), and perform initial trend analysis. The data, and the analysis of changes over time, can help managers of the FC-RONRW understand how wilderness character is changing over time, and plan for future management. This study also aimed to understand the potential to \u2018crosswalk\u2019 Frissell campsite condition scores with Cole campsite condition scores. Further, the compiled and cleaned dataset provides a foundation for the addition of future data and analyses.","keyword":["biota","society","economy","environment","Environment and People","Recreation","Natural Resource Management & Use","wilderness stewardship planning","nature-based recreation","visitor use management","Idaho","Frank Church-River of No Return Wilderness","North Fork Ranger District","West Fork Ranger District ","Middle Fork Ranger District","Salmon River"],"spatial":"-115.88450,44.40587,114.35257,46.14036","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0021","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0021","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-04-29"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Characterizing community forests in the United States: Survey data on ownership, objectives, and other key characteristics from 2020 to 2023","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0022","description":"This data publication contains quantitative and qualitative data on 98 community forests in the United States, including data on their location, size, ownership, governance, management objectives, and benefits. These data were collected through a 2020-2023 online survey designed to inventory and catalog community forests in the United States. The 98 community forests in this database span private, public, and tribal lands, demonstrate varied governance approaches and strategies, and are managed for a range of forest goods and services. Recreation and environmental services were identified as the most important management goals and timber production occurred on more than two-thirds of the forests in the database.The primary purposes for collecting these data on community forests (CFs) in the United States were fourfold: (1) identify, inventory, and characterize CFs at a national scale; (2) enhance understanding of CF ownership and governance structures, management objectives, and sources of income; (3) extend knowledge of the variability in CF forms and build on previous work to refine a CF typology; and (4) problematize how CFs in the United States are identified (i.e., what is included, what is not, and why).For more information about this study and these data, see Hajjar et al. (2024).","keyword":["biota","boundaries","economy","environment","society","Environment and People","Community development","Decision making, public involvement","Natural Resource Management & Use","Conservation","Ecosystem services","Forest management","Timber","participatory governance","environmental services","community benefits","local development","timber management","United States","Puerto Rico"],"spatial":"-127.977107,17.881241,179.74870,51.649519","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0022","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0022","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-05-06"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Microsatellite markers allele calls for Harringtonia lauricola (previously Raffaelea lauricola) found in Asia and recently in the USA, used in genetic analysis of laurel wilt pathogen","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0023","description":"This data publication includes microsatellite markers allele calls for Harringtonia lauricola (previously Raffaelea lauricola) a fungal nutritional symbiont of its vector the redbay ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus Eichhoff, the cause of laurel wilt disease. Both are native to Asia but appeared in Georgia in the early 2000s. Laurel wilt has since spread to much of the southeastern United States killing >300 million host trees in the Lauraceae plant family and reacted as far north as Kentucky and west to Texas. Data, collected from 2009-2016, include a panel of 12 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers identified 15 multilocus genotypes (MLGs) in a collection of 59 isolates from the USA (34 isolates), Myanmar (18), Taiwan (6) and Japan (1).The objectives of this project were to elucidate the genetic structure of populations of H. lauricola, to examine its reproductive strategy, and determine how often the pathogen had been introduced to the USA.For more information about this study and these data, see Dreaden et al. (2019).","keyword":["biota","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","tree","SSR","microsatellite","fungi","invasive","Harringtonia lauricola","Raffaelea lauricola","redbay ambrosia beetle","Xyleborus glabratus Eichhoff","United States","Florida","Georgia","Mississippi","North Carolina","Texas","Japan","Myanmar","Taiwan"],"spatial":"-90,27,-80,33","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0023","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0023","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-05-06"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Litterfall with carbon and nitrogen chemistry for Bisley watersheds 1 and 2, Luquillo Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico, 1989-2017","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0024","description":"This data publication contains litterfall mass, litter carbon (C), and nitrogen (N) chemistry from 1989 to 2017 collected from Bisley Experimental Watersheds 1 and 2 within the Luquillo Experimental Forest in northeast Puerto Rico. With few exceptions, litter was collected every two weeks from 60 baskets (0.25 square meters) located approximately 3 meters apart on either side of a roughly 425 meter transect bisecting the watersheds. Litter was divided into leaves, woody material (generally < 2.5 centimeters), fruits and flowers combined, and a miscellaneous class. Ground composite samples, after drying, were analyzed for C and N. Data provided for each litter class include mass (grams per square meter), as an average of the 60 baskets, as well as concentration of carbon and nitrogen (percentages).The purpose of this study was to track changes in litterfall, as an index of ecosystem function, and litterfall C and N chemistry over time in a region experiencing increasing hurricane activity.For more information about this study and these data, see Erickson et al. (in press).","keyword":["biota","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Forest & Plant Health","litterfall","woody litter","nitrogen concentration","carbon concentration","hurricane effects","tropical forests","hurricane recovery","Luquillo Experimental Forest","Puerto Rico","El Yunque","Caribbean"],"spatial":"-65.74630,18.31100,-65.74330,18.31600","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0024","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0024","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-06-26"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Kaskaskia Experimental Forest: Historical inventory of an oak-hickory forest in southern Illinois","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0025","description":"Established in 1942, the Kaskaskia Experimental Forest (KEF) is a designated research area within the Shawnee National Forest in southern Illinois. The predominant forest types are oak-hickory and mixed hardwood, encompassing 38 research compartments with uneven and even age stands which encompasses 466 hectares. From 1948 to 1962, research focused on the effects of various silvicultural treatments; however, this was halted in the 1960s due to funding limitations. These data specifically examine the 19 oak-hickory compartments located on ridges and southerly slopes, dominated by species such as white, black, scarlet, southern red, post oak, and hickory species. The composition also includes occurrences of yellow poplar, ash, hard maple, and walnut. The study evaluated silvicultural management practices regarding their costs and returns while ensuring sustained yield. The ultimate goal was to identify methods that maximize the quality and quantity of forest products, enhancing forest wealth. This data publication includes the following data for each compartment, year of measurement, species, and diameter class: number of non-cull or live trees, number of inoperable trees, number of culls, number of trees marked for girdling, and number of dead trees. Also included in this package are the general plan for forest management studies by compartment in the KEF in 1960 as well as a map showing the compartment system and a schedule of the compartment cuttings completed.These data were collected on the experimental compartments in order to evaluate different types of silvicultural management methods. Data were to be applied to stand management to demonstrate good forest management practices, as well as costs and returns.For more information about this study and these data, we strongly encourage users to read the supplemental files included in this data publication.","keyword":["biota","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Resource inventory","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","Timber","oak-hickory forest","silviculture","species composition","timber supply","hardwood","long-term study","group selection","clearcutting","culling","diameter class","Kaskaskia Experimental Forest","Illinois","Shawnee National Forest"],"spatial":"-88.37159,37.49606,-88.30583,37.55516","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0025","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0025","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-05-12"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Research map showing vulnerability of Wisconsin landtype associations to increased flood flows","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0026","description":"Areas with landform characteristics that lead to more rapid runoff are expected to be more vulnerable to increases in flood flows from more intense rainfall in the future. Those characteristics include fine-grained soils, low storage in terms of lakes and wetland, steep slopes, and high drainage densities. Landform characteristics that attenuate runoff include coarse-grained soils, high storage, gentle terrain, and low drainage densities. Groundwater recharge tends to be a dominant hydrologic process in such areas which are expected to be more resilient to increases in future flood flows. Landtype associations (LTAs) are ecological units that relate closely with characteristics affecting runoff. A case study from the July 2016 northwest Wisconsin flood regarding the design of flood resilient road-stream crossings used LTAs to classify the vulnerability of landforms in Wisconsin to increases in flood flows. Each LTA was classified as either vulnerable, moderately vulnerable, moderately resilient, or resilient based on their characteristics and results from the case study. The classification relied on professional judgement guided by the drainage density and storage for each LTA while considering the flood flows observed at nearby U.S. Geological Survey gaging stations. This data publication contains the LTA vulnerability classifications as a geodatabase and shapefile. Identifying areas that are more vulnerable or resilient to future flood flow increases will help planners and project designers improve the flood resilience of road-stream crossings.These data will help project designers accurately determine the vulnerability class for their project watersheds and whether to consider adjustments to the classification. These data also contain the drainage density (miles\/square mile) and percent storage for each LTA.For more information about this study and these data, see Higgins et al. (in press).","keyword":["environment","inlandWaters","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","Natural Resource Management & Use","Engineering, roads, bridges","floods","flows","vulnerability","landtype association","Wisconsin"],"spatial":"-92.96444,42.45693,-86.66623,47.08320","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0026","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0026","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-05-14"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Maps of mechanical fuel reduction treatment constraints for the United States Forest Service Wildfire Crisis Strategy landscapes","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0027","description":"This data publication includes the data used to quantify the amount and spatial arrangement of land available for mechanical risk reduction fuel treatments after considering operational constraints within the twenty-one landscapes prioritized in the USDA Forest Service Wildfire Crisis Strategy (WCS) plan which was initiated in 2022. These landscapes are found in the western United States: Arizona, California, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, and Washington. Data were prepared by combining readily available datasets in a Google Earth Engine workflow. This data publication includes two different types of files which were generated using source data from the years 2016-2023: 1) a layered raster dataset (GeoTIFF file) for each of the twenty-one priority landscapes for the three different constraint scenarios considered; and 2) a comma-separated values (CSV) file containing data on the total area remaining available for mechanical operations under the three operational scenarios within individual fireshed project areas (with at least 25% overlap with a priority landscape). The GeoTIFF files can be used to determine the spatial extent of mechanically available land at the priority landscape level and to identify which constraining factor(s) is the most limiting. The CSV file was used to quantify the spatial arrangement of mechanically available and constrained land at the fireshed project area level using the USFS Fireshed Registry nested spatial framework.The USDA Forest Service Wildfire Crisis Strategy was initiated with the goal to implement proactive management actions to foster fire- and climate-adapted forests in the western United States. This plan was backed by billions of dollars in funding by the United States federal government appropriated through the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act of 2021 (P.L. 117-581) and the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (P.L. 117-1692) made available to the Forest Service to complete the proposed work. Even with substantial funding allocated to complete the fuels reduction work needed, prior research that considered layered legal, operational, and administrative constraints to implementing mechanical operations indicates that there could be major challenges to completing the proposed work on some landscapes, whereas meeting treatment objectives may be more feasible on other landscapes. This analysis and the resulting data were performed to quantify the amount and spatial arrangement of land available for mechanical risk reduction fuel treatments after considering layered operational constraints within the twenty-one landscapes identified in the Wildfire Crisis Strategy.Full details regarding this study and these data can be found in Woolsey et al. (2024). The Fireshed Registry (Ager et al. 2021) contains details on the nested spatial framework created to organize the landscape into units for managing wildfire risk to communities. Source code used to generate these datasets and perform analysis for this project is provided in Woolsey (2024).","keyword":["biota","geoscientificInformation","Fire","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","forest planning","risk management","forest policy","Arizona","California","Colorado","Idaho","Nevada","New Mexico","Montana","Oregon","Utah","Washington"],"spatial":"-122.2398,32.9765,-104.6818,49.0015","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0027","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0027","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-05-22"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04"],"programCode":["010:164"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Processed data and code used to characterize rain storm intensity, duration, and size across an elevation gradient for assessment of post-fire hazards","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0028","description":"These data include pre-existing gridded precipitation datasets that have been processed to obtain the maximum seasonal hourly and daily precipitation accumulations over the specified geographic extent, on a consistent grid. The study area includes the mountainous area of Colorado, west of 104 degrees and the study period is constrained to 1980 through 2022. Additionally, two precipitation frequency studies have been regridded, with data extracted for the same geographic region. The gridded precipitation datasets are also sampled at gage locations to facilitate comparison with station data. Elevation data have been regridded to assess how precipitation trends vary with elevation. This data publication also includes the Python script files used to process these data. All program files used to download and manipulate publicly available data are included, as well as the resulting output data files. The associated Joint Fire Science Program report is included as well.These data was used to evaluate the spatial patterns in extreme precipitation related to terrain features, identify areas where relative intensity changes with increasing accumulation duration, observe seasonal differences in spatial patterns, and compare spatial patterns of extreme precipitation from gridded datasets with precipitation frequency studies based on interpolated station data. The reduction of orographic effects at shorter time scales is significant for post-wildfire hazards, as these hazards are more strongly associated with brief, intense rainfall events. Additionally, results highlight the need for caution when relying on interpolated data or precipitation frequency studies that use interpolated data in mountainous regions.For additional details, see White and Nelson (2024) as well as Nelson and White (2024).","keyword":["climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","orographic precipitation","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","Colorado"],"spatial":"-109.00000,37.00000,-104.00500,41.00000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0028","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0028","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-05-29"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04"],"programCode":["010:164"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Growth and stomatal conductance patterns among trees in fire-maintained and fire-excluded forests before, during, and after multiyear drought events","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0029","description":"This data publication contains tabular tree growth and stomatal conductance data collected between 1996 and 2018 from 94 ponderosa pine trees located in the Gila wilderness and Gila and Apache-Sitgreaves National forests in west-central New Mexico. Trees were selected in both fire-maintained and fire-excluded areas, and stratified by aspect and hillslope. Measurements were taken during and after two drought events from 2000-2003 and 2011-2014. Data include stand structure and topography data for each plot and, competition, growth, water use, and demography data for each tree. Tree water use was calculated using stable carbon isotope discrimination data. Tree growth was measured using increment cores to calculate ring-width index (RWI) values from present to earliest estimated year, where RWI values represent detrended growth of trees using the modified negative exponential detrending method.This project focused on quantifying the effects of recurrent managed wildfire on forest structure and resultant effects on tree growth response during drought events. Stomatal conductance data were also collected to identify a potential mechanistic cause of differences in growth response among trees in fire-maintained and fire-excluded forests.For additional information about these data and this study, see the Joint Fire Science Program Final report by Willson and Hurteau (2023).","keyword":["environment","Climate change","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Fire","Forest & Plant Health","Natural Resource Management & Use","drought","recurrent managed wildfire","ponderosa pine","forest structure","stomatal conductance","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","New Mexico","Gila National Forest","Apache-Sitgreaves National Forest","southwestern United States"],"spatial":"-108.97401,33.35944,-108.42606,34.06229","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0029","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0029","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-06-09"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Potential recreation displacement by wildfire in Angeles National Forest, California","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0030","description":"This project was initiated to provide land managers with spatial information on the potential for recreation destinations to be closed or disrupted due to wildfire. Wildfires are a common occurrence in fire prone landscapes including much of southern California. Wildfires of any size can close national forests to the public for short durations due to safety concerns for forest visitors while the fire is active. However, larger, more destructive wildfires can lead to long-term recreation displacement by removing trail and campsite infrastructure, killing surrounding vegetation leading to safety concerns from falling trees, and increase the time to restore recreation opportunities. In this project, we create spatial data to show where the greatest risk of long-term recreation displacement due to wildfire is likely. We developed these recreation displacement likelihood datasets using two weather scenarios \"dry\" and \"moderate\", for the Angeles National Forest, in California using data from 2016-2023. Each recreation displacement likelihood map was created using the following five spatial data inputs: canopy height, flame length probability, potential heat per unit area, burn probability, and potential fire severity. Canopy height was used as a measurement of vegetation type most likely to cause long-term disruption to recreation, that is fire-killed tall trees are more likely to disrupt recreation than shrubs or grass fuel types. Flame length probability and potential heat per unit area were used to measure fire intensity and amount of energy released from a fire. Burn probability conveys the likelihood of a fire occurring at a given location across the landscape. Potential Fire severity indicates how damaging a fire would be if an ignition occurred. This data publication includes a separate geodatabase for dry and moderate weather conditions. Both of these geodatabases include 5 rasters: potential for fire to impact recreation, potential fire severity, burn probability, potential heat per unit area, and flame length probability. A geodatabase containing priority and non priority trail, road, and place of interest vector data, which show where highly frequented locations overlap with the above-mentioned datasets, is also provided.The main goals of this project were to determine where wildfires are most likely to occur within the Angeles National Forest. Then, if a wildfire occurs what are the potential long-term impacts of burning to places of interest that are important to recreation.The recreation displacement likelihood datasets were developed using two weather scenarios \"dry\" and \"moderate\" following Scott and Burgan (2005).\n\t  \nThese data were published on 06\/16\/2025. Minor metadata updates were made on 08\/21\/2025.","keyword":["biota","society","Fire","Fire ecology","Fire effects on environment","Environment and People","Recreation","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","recreation displacement","California","Angeles National Forest"],"spatial":"-118.83553,34.10610,-117.58458,34.75211","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0030","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0030","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-08-21"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"TreeMap 2020 CONUS: A tree-level model of the forests of the conterminous United States circa 2020","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0031","description":"TreeMap 2020 CONUS provides a tree-level model of the forests of the conterminous United States. Throughout the conterminous United States (CONUS), for each forested pixel in 30\u00d730 meter (m) gridded landscape data for circa 2020, we identified and assigned the most similar Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) plot. We used a Random Forest machine-learning algorithm to impute the forest plot data to a set of target rasters provided by Landscape Fire and Resource Management Planning Tools (LANDFIRE) and Daymet (Daymet). Predictor variables consisted of percent forest cover, vegetation height, and vegetation type, as well as topography (slope, elevation, and aspect), location (latitude and longitude), climatic variables (precipitation, shortwave radiation, snow water equivalent, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, vapor pressure, and vapor pressure deficit), and disturbance history (time since disturbance and disturbance type).\n\t  \nThe main output of this project (the GeoTIFF included in this data publication) is a raster map of imputed plot identifiers at 30\u00d730 m spatial resolution for the conterminous U.S., corresponding to landscape conditions circa 2020. In the attribute table of this raster, we also present a set of attributes drawn from the FIA databases, including forest type and live basal area. The raster of plot identifiers can be linked to the FIA databases available through the FIA DataMart to map hundreds of attributes available there, or to the comma-separated file included in this data publication to access a more limited set of tree-level attributes. The data files included in this publication also contain attributes for each tree in the plots that were assigned, including the FIA plot PLT_CN for the plot on which the tree was measured (or control number, a unique identifier for each time a plot is measured), the subplot number, the tree record number, the corresponding number of trees per acre it represents due to the study design, the status (live or dead), species, diameter, height, actual height (where broken), crown ratio and a code for cause of death where applicable. Previous versions of TreeMap have been validated for characteristics including percent live tree cover, height of the dominant trees, forest type, species of trees with most basal area, and snag hazard category. Previous versions of TreeMap are being used in both the private and public sectors for projects including fuel treatment planning, snag hazard mapping, and estimation of terrestrial carbon resources.Geospatial data describing tree species or forest structure are required for many analyses and models of forest landscape dynamics. Forest data must have resolution and continuity sufficient to reflect site gradients in mountainous terrain and stand boundaries imposed by historical events, such as wildland fire and timber harvest. The TreeMap 2014 dataset (Riley et al. 2019) was the first of its kind to provide such detailed forest structure data across the forests of the conterminous United States. Prior to the TreeMap 2014 imputed forest data, assessments relied largely on forest inventory at fixed plot locations at sparse densities. The TreeMap 2016 dataset (Riley et al. 2021, Riley et al. 2022) updated the 2014 version to include disturbance as a response variable, which improved accuracy in disturbed areas. The TreeMap 2020 CONUS dataset featured here updates the TreeMap 2016 dataset to landscape conditions circa 2020 and updates the methods by 1) using a different suite of  climate variables in the imputation and 2) improving species composition assignments to prevent plots being imputed to areas where their existing vegetation type was not present, an issue which affected a small number of pixels in previous TreeMap versions.See the Entity and Attributes section for details regarding the relationship between the data files included in this publication and the FIA DataMart (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2001-FIADB).\n      \nFor more information about these data, see Riley et al. (2022).\n\nTreeMap 2020 was originally published on 06\/25\/2025. On 05\/11\/2026, we made some minor updates to the raster attribute tables: we have replaced the binned canopy height (STANDHT) and percent canopy cover (CANOPYPCT) fields with continuous values. The original values were not incorrect, just at a lower resolution than the 2016 TreeMap, so we updated TreeMap 2020 for consistency with previous TreeMap versions.","keyword":["biota","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Forest & Plant Health","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Natural Resource Management & Use","Conservation","Ecosystem services","Forest management","Restoration","Timber","Wilderness","Forest Inventory and Analysis","imputation","LANDFIRE","random forest","tree list","conterminous United States","continental United States","United States","CONUS"],"spatial":"-128.97722,22.76862,-65.25445,51.64968","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0031","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0031","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2026-05-12"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"TreeMap 2022 CONUS: A tree-level model of the forests of the conterminous United States circa 2022","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0032","description":"TreeMap 2022 CONUS provides a tree-level model of the forests of the conterminous United States. Throughout the conterminous United States (CONUS), for each forested pixel in 30\u00d730 meter (m) gridded landscape data for circa 2022, we identified and assigned the most similar Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) plot. We used a Random Forest machine-learning algorithm to impute the forest plot data to a set of target rasters provided by Landscape Fire and Resource Management Planning Tools (LANDFIRE) and Daymet (Daymet). Predictor variables consisted of percent forest cover, vegetation height, and vegetation type, as well as topography (slope, elevation, and aspect), location (latitude and longitude), climatic variables (precipitation, shortwave radiation, snow water equivalent, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, vapor pressure, and vapor pressure deficit), and disturbance history (time since disturbance and disturbance type).\n\t  \nThe main output of this project (the GeoTIFF included in this data publication) is a raster map of imputed plot identifiers at 30\u00d730 m spatial resolution for the conterminous U.S., corresponding to landscape conditions circa 2022. In the attribute table of this raster, we also present a set of attributes drawn from the FIA databases, including forest type and live basal area. The raster of plot identifiers can be linked to the FIA databases available through the FIA DataMart to map hundreds of attributes available there, or to the comma-separated file included in this data publication to access a more limited set of tree-level attributes. The data files included in this publication also contain attributes for each tree in the plots that were assigned, including the FIA plot PLT_CN for the plot on which the tree was measured (or control number, a unique identifier for each time a plot is measured), the subplot number, the tree record number, the corresponding number of trees per acre it represents due to the study design, the status (live or dead), species, diameter, height, actual height (where broken), crown ratio and a code for cause of death where applicable. Previous versions of TreeMap have been validated for characteristics including percent live tree cover, height of the dominant trees, forest type, species of trees with most basal area, and snag hazard category. Previous versions of TreeMap are being used in both the private and public sectors for projects including fuel treatment planning, snag hazard mapping, and estimation of terrestrial carbon resources.Geospatial data describing tree species or forest structure are required for many analyses and models of forest landscape dynamics. Forest data must have resolution and continuity sufficient to reflect site gradients in mountainous terrain and stand boundaries imposed by historical events, such as wildland fire and timber harvest. The TreeMap 2014 dataset (Riley et al. 2019) was the first of its kind to provide such detailed forest structure data across the forests of the conterminous United States. Prior to the TreeMap 2014 imputed forest data, assessments relied largely on forest inventory at fixed plot locations at sparse densities. The TreeMap 2016 dataset (Riley et al. 2021, Riley et al. 2022) updated the 2014 version to include disturbance as a response variable, which improved accuracy in disturbed areas. The TreeMap 2022 CONUS dataset featured here updates the TreeMap 2016 dataset to landscape conditions circa 2022 and updates the methods by 1) using a different suite of climate variables in the imputation and 2) improving species composition assignments to prevent plots being imputed to areas where their existing vegetation type was not present, an issue which affected a small number of pixels in previous TreeMap versions.See the Entity and Attributes section for details regarding the relationship between the data files included in this publication and the FIA DataMart (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2001-FIADB).\n\nFor more information about these data, see Riley et al. (2022).\n\nTreeMap 2022 was originally published on 06\/25\/2025. On 05\/11\/2026, we made some minor updates to the raster attribute tables: we have replaced the binned canopy height (STANDHT) and percent canopy cover (CANOPYPCT) fields with continuous values. The original values were not incorrect, just at a lower resolution than the 2016 TreeMap, so we updated TreeMap 2022 for consistency with previous TreeMap versions.","keyword":["biota","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Forest & Plant Health","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Natural Resource Management & Use","Conservation","Ecosystem services","Forest management","Restoration","Timber","Wilderness","Forest Inventory and Analysis","imputation","LANDFIRE","random forest","tree list","conterminous United States","continental United States","United States","CONUS"],"spatial":"-128.97722,22.76862,-65.25445,51.64968","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0032","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0032","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2026-05-12"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"WaSSI model code, input, and output data for projecting the potential effects of climate and land use change on water balances and water supply across the conterminous United States","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0033","description":"The linkages among forests, water, and people have long been recognized by natural resources professionals and policymakers. The purpose of this study was to provide a contemporary assessment of current and future forest and water resource issues broadly across the conterminous United States and specifically in the Southern United States as part of the Southern Forest Outlook (SFO) Water Analysis. The SFO Water Analysis was done using a combination of literature review, hydrologic modeling, and data synthesis to address pressing research questions, leveraging scenarios of future climate, land use, and forest conditions developed as part of the 2020 Resources Planning Act Assessment. This data publication includes the Water Supply Stress Index (WaSSI) model inputs, outputs, and code developed for the SFO Water Analysis but also includes input and output data for the conterminous United States. Inputs and outputs span the years from 1981 to 2070 and are based on 20 scenarios of future climate, land use, and forest conditions developed as part of the 2020 Resources Planning Act Assessment as well as historical observed climate and land use. All inputs and outputs are scaled to the Watershed Boundary Dataset (WBD) 12-digit Hydrologic Unit Code (HUC12) subwatershed scale. The WaSSI model uses inputs of soil information, land use, vegetation leaf area index (LAI), and climate data to predict the monthly watershed water balance and accumulated streamflow across the conterminous United States. Outputs of WaSSI include monthly potential evapotranspiration, actual evapotranspiration, snow water equivalent, water yield, and accumulated streamflow. Additionally, this package includes decadal upstream land use from 2020 to 2070 at each HUC12 outlet for all RPA scenarios.The objective of this analysis was to integrate future projections of climate and land use change, and investigate potential effects on water resources in the South between 1981 and 2070.For more information about this study and these data, see Caldwell et al. (2024).","keyword":["climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","environment","inlandWaters","Climate change","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","Environment and People","Natural Resource Management & Use","Ecosystem services","Water","water yield","water supply","ecosystem services","land use change","disturbance interactions","management actions","RPA Assessment","Resources Planning Act Assessment","conterminous United States"],"spatial":"-125.00000,25.80000,-66.80000,49.40000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0033","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0033","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-06-26"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["010:04","005:96"],"programCode":["010:164","005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Field observations of trees, shrubs and surface fuels measured for the Fire and Smoke Model Evaluation Experiment (FASMEE), Western Wildfires Campaign","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0035","description":"This data publication includes field observations of trees, shrubs, and surface\/ground fuels measured in 194 plots within or adjacent to burn perimeters of seven fires targeted in the Fire and Smoke Model Evaluation Experiment (FASMEE) in Oregon, California, Idaho, and Washington. Sampled fires include the 2021 Bootleg (OR), 2018 Carr (CA), 2018 Keithly (ID), 2018 Rattlesnake Creek (ID), 2018 Taylor Creek (OR), 2018 Tepee (OR), and 2019 Williams Flats (WA) fires. Plot measurements were made in the years 2018-2022. Trees and saplings were measured in fixed-radius plots; shrubs and fuels were characterized by transects; and detailed measurements of cover and fuel weight were made within 1 meter x 1 meter or 0.5 meter x 0.5 meter square clip plots.These field observations were gathered to provide ground reference data of fuels for the Western Wildfire Campaign of the Fire and Smoke Model Evaluation Experiment (FASMEE), which aims to measure fuels on the ground for improved understanding and development of fire and smoke models.","keyword":["biota","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","field observations","vegetation","trees","shrubs","ground fuels","surface fuels","forest","Joint Fire Science Program","JFSP","Oregon","California","Idaho","Washington"],"spatial":"-123.64550,40.66827,-116.33552,48.03531","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0035","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0035","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-07-07"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Tree ring widths and diameter at breast height of green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.) growing in a provenance planting established in 1978 in northern Vermont, USA","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0036","description":"This data publication includes raw ring widths (1980-2019) obtained from increment cores of green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.) growing in a provenance planting on the campus of The University of Vermont. The provenance planting was established in 1978 and is comprised of several sources spanning the historical range of green ash. Nine sources were selected for increment coring in October 2019 based on the distribution of their seed source origin within the USDA Plant Hardiness Zone (PHZ) Map - from the coldest (PHZ = 3) to the warmest source (PHZ = 7). We sampled a total of 44 trees and provide the diameter at breast height for each tree as well as the raw ring widths for 1-2 cores per tree, resulting in 82 series of ring width measurements.The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of climate (temperature, precipitation and snow) on the growth of green ash sources planted in a range-wide provenance study and not yet impacted by Emerald Ash Borer (EAB). EAB was first detected in Vermont in 2018, but no sign of it was found in the provenance planting at the time of the study (2019). A better understanding of the influence of climate on green ash adaptation before the devastating effects of EAB infestation have taken hold will support future restoration efforts of the species.The increment cores are currently archived in Room 166 at the Northern Research Station, 705 Spear Street, South Burlington, VT. \n\t  \nFor more information about this study, see Schaberg et al. (2024). For information related to nursery development of individual green ash sources at this provenance planting, see Steiner et al. (1988). These data are also currently available in Schaberg et al. (2023).","keyword":["biota","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","environment","Forest & Plant Health","Climate effects","Insects","Natural Resource Management & Use","Conservation","Forest management","Restoration","green ash","Fraxinus pennsylvanica","tree rings","dendrochronology","Vermont"],"spatial":"-73.191834,44.473829,-73.191003,44.474580","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0036","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0036","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2024-07-14"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Long-term understory vegetation surveys under fluctuating deer densities from the Kinzua Quality Deer Cooperative, Pennsylvania","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0037","description":"The Kinzua Quality Deer Cooperative (KQDC) was established in 2000 to test new approaches to stewardship of white-tailed deer and forest habitat throughout a 30,000-hectare landscape in northwestern Pennsylvania. Within this landscape, a coalition of land-management partners leveraged multiple tools offered by the Pennsylvania Game Commission to court hunters and intensify white-tailed deer harvest within the region. Understory vegetation plant community responses were tracked over a 20-year period to assess any changes in vegetation diversity and dynamics in response to fluctuations in deer herds. Data summarized in this data publication represent vegetation surveys across a 18-year period (2003, 2011, 2016, and 2021) tracking i) changes in richness and abundance of the entire understory vascular plant community; ii) changes in stem densities of woody regeneration; and iii) changes in abundance, size, and population structure of three liliaceous plants known to be sensitive to deer impact: Trillium spp., Maianthemum canadense, and Medeola virginiana.Over the period we surveyed vegetation, deer densities dropped by 50% and remained low for over a decade. Then, as deer harvest allocations decreased and hunting seasons shifted, hunting pressure dropped and deer densities rebounded. Thus, the data contained herein allow us to both assess whether understory plant communities show any positive responses in terms of richness, abundance and composition during the era of diminished browse pressure and, subsequently, whether any observed gains are eroded following the increase in deer population densities.For more information about this study and these data, see Slaughter et al. (in review), Royo et al. (2010), or Rowan et al. (2024).","keyword":["biota","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Plant ecology","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Botany","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Mammals","browsing","deciduous forest","herbaceous species","Odocoileus virginianus","understory","white-tailed deer","regeneration","Pennsylvania","McKean County"],"spatial":"-78.87847,41.78978,-78.72349,41.98581","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0037","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0037","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-07-14"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Forest resources of the United States: 2022 appendix data tables","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/WO-GTR-107-s1","description":"The Nationwide Forest Inventory (NFI) is a national network of permanent plots that are remeasured every 5-10 years depending on location. Land use information is collected on all plots, with additional site and tree (live and standing dead) data collected on plot areas having forest land use present. The Forest Resources Report summarizes data for the conterminous United States, Alaska, and Hawaii for reporting periods ranging from 1953 to 2022. There is a particular focus on each State's most recent evaluation period between 2019 and 2022. Data are then summarized by the international United Nations definition of forest area. This data publication includes the 47 data tables found in the appendix of the 2022 Forest Resources Report and includes information such as: land area, forest and woodland area, timberland area, timber volumes, biomass, and annual growth, removals, and mortality for different evaluation groups and attributes such as region, subregion, state, species, diameter groups, etc. Data include summarized Natural Resources Monitoring Use data for the continental United States for the dates referenced, as well.These data were developed to update the assessment of the condition and trends on U.S. forests following the 2020 Resources Planning Act (RPA) Assessment (https:\/\/research.fs.usda.gov\/inventory\/rpaa) chapter on Forest Resources.For more information about these data, see the Forest Resources Report (Oswalt et al. 2026).\n\t  \nThe full raw data (queryable) are available at https:\/\/research.fs.usda.gov\/programs\/nfi#data-and-tools.\n\nThis data package was published on 09\/24\/2025. Minor metadata updates on 02\/12\/2026 include citation corrections for the associated publication (Oswalt et al. 2026) that was recently published. On 04\/24\/2026, incorrect units of measure (thousand dry tons) on Table A-42 were replaced with the correct units of measure (thousand cubic feet).","keyword":["biota","economy","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Ecology","Plant ecology","Forest Products","Forest products industry","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Forest management","Timber","Conservation","Ecosystem services","forest resources","forest resources report","RPA Assessment","Resources Planning Act Assessment","conterminous United States","Alaska","Hawaii"],"spatial":"-179.14734,-14.55255,179.77847,71.35256","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/WO-GTR-107-s1","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/WO-GTR-107-s1","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2026-04-24"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Future projections of U.S. forest succession classes on federal lands","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0039","description":"Changing climate conditions, wildfires, and tree harvesting could affect the amount of mature and old-growth forests in the United States. We used a stochastic modeling system to project future areal extents of mature and old-growth forests on National Forest System (NFS) and Bureau of Land Management (BLM) land across the conterminous United States, and to assess threats to these forests under a variety of socioeconomic and climate futures. The data included in this package contain estimates and projections, from 2020 to 2070, of forest area and volume by forest successional class (old growth, mature, and younger) for 20 futures, which are combinations of four socioeconomic scenarios and five global climate models. Estimates of area, tree volume, fire mortality, and harvest removals are provided for each Resources Planning Act (RPA) region. Additionally, estimates of current and future area of mature and old-growth by Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) forest type group are included. For each of the 20 futures in the regional and forest type group summaries, 100 future realizations from the stochastic modeling system are included, allowing for the quantification of uncertainty. Finally, data on initial sampling errors by forest successional class and forest type group are included. It is important to note that estimates by forest type group only include the twelve largest forest type groups (by area in 2020).These data were developed to assess the effects of changing climate and socioeconomic factors on the projected amount of mature and old-growth forests on federal forests in the United States.For more information about this study and these data, see Costanza et al. (accepted, 2025).\n\t  \nThese data were published on 08\/04\/2025. On 08\/13\/2025, the R code included in this package was updated to correct some of the legends and other updates related to the figures generated.","keyword":["biota","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","economy","environment","Climate change","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Environment and People","Fire","Forest & Plant Health","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Natural Resource Management & Use","mature forest","old-growth forest","Resources Planning Act Assessment","RPA Assessment","Forest Inventory and Analysis","conterminous United States"],"spatial":"-127.84295,23.24503,-65.41667,51.51897","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0039","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0039","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-08-13"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Silas Little Experimental Forest biometric database","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0040","description":"This data publication includes long-term biometric data collected at forest census plots installed by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station Silas Little Experimental Forest (SLEF) for forest productivity, fire management, and forest disturbance research in eastern oak and pine forests. The data in this publication reflect conditions at three field sites in the New Jersey Pinelands National Reserve that typify a range of pine, oak, and mixed pine oak conditions: Silas Little (oak\/pine forest), Cedar Bridge (pine\/oak forest) and Fort Dix (pine\/scrub oak forest). Installation and early observations of these data (2004-2012) were collected in support of carbon flux observations at or around each of the three sites, and as part of a broader multi-tier forest monitoring network of long-term monitoring sites. The early data have been summarized in other publications, with several sites across the country that were a part of the broader network; however, because all sites did not follow the same sampling protocols, only SLEF sites are included here. As that project came and went and sites progressed independently, the Silas Little program continued periodically censusing the plot network in response to new forest research needs and objectives (e.g., forest fuels, impacts and recovery of prescribed fire and invasive insect disturbances, ecosystem processes, LiDAR relationships with traditional observations) using primarily Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) standard protocol unless otherwise specified. This data publication includes all biometric field measurements collected at the New Jersey sites between 2004 and 2024 and is comprehensive of multiple forest types and environmental disturbances that occurred during that 20-year period. Biometric measurements include tree, sapling, seedling, shrub, down wood material, litter, soil, forest floor and understory cover. Measurement frequency varied between items sampled and locations depending on varying research objectives at the time and site accessibility. The data are provided in three formats: database, spreadsheet, and tabular digital data. This package also includes shapefiles locating plot, subplot and areas of interest and detailed sampling protocol information for soil, down woody material, and understory sampling as well as the FIA Northeast Field Guide version 1.6, which was used to obtain these data.The purpose of this study was to create a long-term biometric dataset that can be used to (1) support long-term quantitative measurements of fluxes, sources, and sinks of atmospheric CO2 and CH4, and develop forecasts for future trends; and (2) and compare and contrast the short and long-term effects of forest disturbances and their management on forest composition, productivity, and cycles (e.g., prescribed fire, invasive insect infestations, extreme weather); and (3) to support the development of physical and remote sensing approaches to improve forest observations and prediction of key conditions for manager decision making (e.g., forest fuel hazard detection and fuel modeling, impacts and recovery of prescribed fire and invasive insect disturbances, ecosystem processes, LiDAR relationships with traditional observations).Early data collected at SLEF as a part of a broader multi-tier forest monitoring network are provided and summarized in Cole et al. (2013, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/NRS-GTR-119) and Cole et al. (2015, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2013-0008-2).","keyword":["biota","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Biometrics","Resource inventory","Carbon","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Plant ecology","Soil","Fire","Fire ecology","Fire effects on environment","Prescribed fire","biometric data","inventory data","forest monitoring","woody debris","fuels","fuel models","hazardous fuels","invasive insects","disturbance","Silas Little Experimental Forest","New Jersey","Burlington County","Ocean County","Pinelands National Reserve","Pine Barrens","Pinelands","New Jersey Pine Barrens","NJPB"],"spatial":"-74.60770,39.82890,-74.36432,39.97680","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0040","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0040","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-07-25"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Invasive and exotic plants database (distribution)","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0041","description":"Around 3200 nonnative (alien, introduced, exotic) plant species have been introduced to the continental United States and Canada (North America, NAM) through accidental and intentional releases. Some of these species have become invasive by out-competing native biota for resources, thus threatening native communities and reducing species diversity. This data publication contains a spatial database of 3021 naturalized plant species in the United States and Canada. All species on the list have been found in the past in NAM with such data (ever since the first species was recorded), however the distribution\/climate data were compiled in 2023-2024. For each species we provide: 1) the location and range of that species found in North America along with the annual temperatures and precipitation for that location; and 2) the location and range of that same species across the globe and the associated annual temperatures and precipitation.The purpose of this database is to provide data that could help locate where the invasives currently are and predict where they might spread to under various climate and land use conditions in the future (Guo et al. 2009; Guo et al. 2024).For more information about this study and these data, see Guo et al. (2024).","keyword":["biota","Forest & Plant Health","Botany","Invasive species","alien","nonnative","exotic","introduced","species range","naturalized","traits","North America","Canada","United States","global"],"spatial":"-173.22,-50.99,175.73,78.83","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0041","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0041","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-07-31"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Relative recreation use in National Forest System firesheds from 2015-2023","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0042","description":"This data publication contains vector data, provided as a shapefile and a geopackage, representing relative visitation estimated at the fireshed level within each unit and region of the National Forest System (NFS). This includes all lands managed by the USDA Forest Service located within the contiguous United States and Alaska. Relative visitation was estimated using digital mobility data (geolocated social media posts and mobile phone location data). Data include estimates of average annual visitation to each fireshed between 2015 and 2023, relative to all the others in each USDA Forest Service (USFS) unit and NFS region for 2,793 NFS fireshed polygons.Across the United States, National Forests and Grasslands receive more than 161 million visits each year (USDA Forest Service 2023). The Forest Service, like other federal and state public land managers, uses on-the-ground counting systems, visitor surveys, and reservation and permit data to measure recreation use and describe the characteristics of visitors (English et al. 2020). Although those on-the-ground approaches provide reliable information, the resulting data are sometimes not extensive enough to address emerging questions at the spatial scales needed for planning. New approaches that use digital mobility data, such as geolocated social media posts and mobile phone locations, can fill in some of the gaps in traditional recreation monitoring data (Merrill et al. 2020, Wood et al. 2020, Wilkins et al. 2024, Winder et al. 2025, Tsai et al. 2023, Sessions et al. 2016, Tenkanen et al. 2017). These data, created using these new approaches, provide estimates of recreation use by fireshed, which is the spatial resolution that is commonly used in landscape prioritization for fuels reduction and other forest management. These data could be used to understand how the distribution of recreation use compares to the locations of management actions, incorporate human values in landscape prioritization efforts, or characterize the extent of recreation use potentially affected by management actions or landscape fuels reduction outcomes.For additional information about the utility of digital mobility data in estimating recreation visitation, see Wood et al. (2020) and Tsai et al. (2023).","keyword":["environment","society","Environment and People","Recreation","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Assessments","Natural Resource Management & Use","Ecosystem services","Landscape management","digital mobility data","firesheds","contiguous United States","Alaska"],"spatial":"-150.00800,28.62700,-70.62600,61.51900","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0042","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0042","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-08-05"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Salmon River corridor monitoring data from summer of 2020: Counts of river floaters and vehicles on river-adjacent road","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0043","description":"These data describe river corridor use in the summer of 2020 in the Salmon River corridor (Idaho) along the Wild and Scenic River\u2019s recreation-classified segment from North Fork to Corn Creek. These data include counts of river users (boats and people), collected using nine river-side trail cameras, that floated along the river between North Fork and Corn Creek. Specific measurements include the date, time of day, type of craft, and number of people that floated by specific areas throughout the river corridor. Hourly vehicle counts (i.e., counting axles using a road counter) at three high traffic areas in the river corridor are also provided. Detailed maps of these vehicle monitoring locations as well as each river monitoring location are included.This study was initiated as a basic foundation for comprehensive river management planning, as required by the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act, for the Salmon Wild and Scenic River segment between North Fork and Corn Creek. Specifically, there was a need to develop a \u2018user capacity\u2019, or the maximum amounts of people and types of use that can be accommodated in the river corridor without degrading the river values that led to the Wild and Scenic River designation of the Salmon River.","keyword":["boundaries","location","society","planningCadastre","Environment and People","Recreation","Wild and Scenic Rivers","nature-based recreation","user capacity","visitor use monitoring","Idaho","Lemhi County","North Fork","Corn Creek","Salmon River"],"spatial":"-114.68733,45.29662,-113.99536,45.41280","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0043","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0043","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-08-08"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:034"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Salmon Wild and Scenic River: Visitor survey data collected between North Fork and Corn Creek in 2021 and 2022","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0044","description":"The Central Idaho Wilderness Act of 1980 designated approximately 125 miles of the Salmon River in Idaho as Wild and Scenic; the upstream 46 miles from North Fork to Corn Creek is classified as recreational. On the recreational segment, a visitor survey was administered during the high-use season (summer and early fall) in 2021 and 2022. The data collection provided knowledge related to: (1) visitors\u2019 primary activities and duration of visits; (2) visitors\u2019 river values (e.g., solitude, a visitor experience free from rules and regulations, etc.); 3) visitors\u2019 social perceptions (e.g., perceived impacts of seeing motor boats on the river, behavior of other visitors, etc.); (4) visitors\u2019 environmental perceptions (e.g., perceived impacts of soil erosion, water pollution, etc.); (5) visitors\u2019 perceptions of facilities, policies, and management issues; (6) visitors\u2019 demographic characteristics (e.g., age, gender, race, etc.). There were 719 surveys distributed between 2021 (June 15 - October 24, 2021) and 2022 (June 1 - November 12, 2022) at various locations along the Salmon River. This data publication includes the data from the 332 surveys that were completed and returned (46% response rate). These data provide managers of the Salmon River with scientific support for the user capacity determination of the recreational section and future management decisions and actions.These survey data were obtained to support managers and planners on the Salmon-Challis National Forest, specifically in relation to the management of the recreation segment of the Wild and Scenic Salmon River. These data aim to support both general management decisions, as well as the policy mandated user-capacity determination. Further, these data contribute to a generally limited knowledge base related to visitor use and experience within the context of Wild and Scenic Rivers.","keyword":["boundaries","location","society","planningCadastre","Environment and People","Recreation","Quality of life","Social values, ethics","Wild and Scenic Rivers","user capacity","outstandingly remarkable values","Visitor preferences","social science","recreation survey","Idaho","Salmon-Challis National Forest","North Fork","Corn Creek","Salmon River","Frank Church River of No Return Wilderness"],"spatial":"-114.68733,45.29662,-113.99536,45.41280","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0044","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0044","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-08-08"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Forest ownership in the conterminous United States circa 2022: distribution of seven ownership types - geospatial dataset","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0045","description":"This geospatial dataset depicts ownership patterns of forest land across the conterminous United States circa 2022. Seven forest ownership categories are included, including three public ownerships: federal, state, and local; two private categories: family and corporate (including not-for-profit organizations and institutions); Native American tribal land; and unknown forest ownership. Two additional categories are also included, non-forest and water. Data are derived from the National Land Cover Database (NLCD), third-party ownership data, and current up-to-date publicly available boundaries of public and tribal lands.These data are intended to support national- and regional-scale planning and analyses \u2013 including small area estimation \u2013  involving spatially explicit distribution and patterns of forest ownership. Map accuracy varies between ownership categories and regions. This raster dataset combines harmonized land ownership classifications with landcover data to support national- and regional-scale planning and analyses, spatial modeling applications, and small area estimation. Ownership boundaries were derived from third party parcel data and federal spatial products, while landcover was informed by classified raster inputs such as the NLCD. The result is a continuous surface designed to enhance the spatial resolution and accuracy.Four previous data publications also model forest ownership types across the conterminous United States. Nelson et al. (2010) depicts public and private forest ownership and differentiates corporate from other private ownership. Hewes et al. (2014) differentiates three public ownership categories (federal, state, and local) and three private ownership categories (family, corporate, and other private). Hewes et al. (2017) depicts these six categories as well as tribal lands. Sass et al. (2020) includes additional data through 2017 and differentiates a new private ownership category: Timber Investment Management Organizations (TIMOs) and Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs), which are presented as a combined category.\n\t  \nThis data publication was made available on 08\/20\/2025. On 09\/10\/2025, data were updated to correct codes for two of the public land cover classes (local government and federal government) which were erroneously switched for a small portion of the state of Michigan. A few more details are provided in the process steps section.\n\t  \nFor more details regarding these data, see Harris et al. (2021).","keyword":["boundaries","environment","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Resource inventory","Environment and People","Impact of people on environment","forest ownership","forest land","non-forest","owner types","public","private","corporate","tribal","conterminous United States","CONUS","contiguous United States","lower 48"],"spatial":"-124.763060,24.523087,-66.949890,49.383129","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0045","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0045","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-09-10"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Southern Missouri feral swine monitoring and removal data from 2020-2024","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/NWRC-RDS-2025-001","description":"This package contains all necessary data to fit a model of feral swine occupancy and abundance in southern Missouri from 2020-2024. These data include feral swine presence\/absence data collected via systematic baiting, numbers of feral swine removal via traps and aerial operations, and the amount of time spent conducting these activities. We also include data on the proportion of oak cover, agricultural cover, and development to investigate the impact of these factors on feral swine distribution and population growth. Data are aggregated to the HUC10 watershed spatial and to either 10-day subperiod of 90-day primary period scales. Feral swine data were collected via USDA Wildlife Services management operations and covariate data were collected via remote sensing by other projects.Data were collected during regular operations of Missouri Wildlife Services feral swine monitoring and removal to manage invasive feral swine damage to agriculture.For more information about this study and these data, see Feuka et al. (in review).","keyword":["biota","farming","environment","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Mammals","feral swine","systematic baiting","aerial operations","trapping","oak cover","agricultural cover","development cover","Sus scrofa","Missouri"],"spatial":"-95,36,-89,39","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/NWRC-RDS-2025-001","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/NWRC-RDS-2025-001","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-08-11"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Pollutant emission factors data for smoldering conifer forest duff from Oregon","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0046","description":"Carbonaceous gases and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from smoldering conifer forest duff were sampled in four bench-scale experimental burns in a combustion facility at Oregon State University. An infrared camera measured surface radiance of the smoldering duff during the burns. The duff was harvested from Douglas-fir forest stands in eastern Oregon in April 2021. Duff samples were burned in May 2021. Samples were 43 centimeters (cm) x 43 cm in area and approximately 4 cm thick. The gases measured were carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), methane (CH4), and 19 light (\u2264 6 carbon [C]) non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC). The gas and PM2.5 measurements were used to calculate emission factors (EFX) for each species (mass of X emitted per mass of duff consumed). The IR camera images were processed to provide measurements of surface temperature (T), fire radiative power (FRP), and area of active smoldering for the duff. A Bayesian framework analysis was used to jointly fit an autoregressive model to impute missing T values (T during emission sampling) and a multivariate normal data model to fit five emission factor (EF) responses (EFCO2, EFCO, EFCH4, EFNMHC, and EFPM2.5) to the temperature time series. The Bayesian framework analysis provided best-estimate EF which represent the true EF of the natural, unperturbed smoldering duff along with 95% credible intervals. This data publication includes all observed and Bayesian EF responses at the sample-level as well as summarized to the burn-level.Prescribed fires can be a significant source of air pollution with negative consequences for public health and safety. Therefore, smoke management is a key element in the planning and execution of prescribed fires. EFs which quantify the relative abundance of pollutants released by wildland fires, are a needed input for the emission calculations which are essential to effective smoke management. A key challenge when conducting prescribed fires near sensitive receptors such as roadways, communities, and outdoor recreational sites, is limiting smoke production from long-term smoldering of coarse dead wood and duff. These data were collected to address a knowledge gap in duff EF and enable improved emission estimates for wildland fires in western U.S. forests with significant duff loadings.For more information about this study and these data, see Urbanski et al. (2025).","keyword":["environment","Fire","Prescribed fire","Smoke","emission factors","smoldering combustion","air quality","Oregon"],"spatial":"-123.35000,44.62000,-123.20000,44.65000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0046","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0046","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-08-11"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Interactions of 2021 Schneider Springs burned area, containment lines, PODs, and suppression success","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0047","description":"In August of 2021 the Schnieder Springs fire ignited on the Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest in Washington, where it burned through 113,689 acres of rugged terrain with a number of factors affecting fire behavior and eventual containment. For areas where the fire burned, observational data were developed using a rasterization approach at a 30-meter resolution consistent with LANDFIRE spatial products, where each pixel center was converted to a point location and populated with fire behavior drivers and mediators. This data publication includes the following data: weather, fuels, topography, the construction of containment lines, the presence of previously identified potential containment locations, and the number of ground-based firefighters assigned to the incident on a day-by-day basis.The purpose of this study was to quantitatively assess the relative importance of control line construction, and the occurrence of Potential Operational Delineations, alongside other drivers of fire behavior and fire management outcomes.For more information about this study and these data, see Young et al. (2025).","keyword":["environment","Fire","fire containment line","fireline","fire personnel","fire suppression","fire weather","operational complexity","Washington","Schneider Springs"],"spatial":"-140.41,24.22,-140.10,24.51","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0047","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0047","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-12-09"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Central Washington Initiative: Potential Operational Delineations terrestrial laser scan data, 2024","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0048","description":"This data publication contains remotely sensed (terrestrial laser scanning [TLS]) data collected to characterize forest fuels within the Central Washington Initiative (CWI) along Potential Operational Delineation (POD) boundaries. A total of 304 TLS scans, were collected during the summer of 2024 with a Leica BLK 360 (Gen 2) sensor. Two study areas within the CWI were established, one in the north (near the Methow Valley, dominated by dry-mixed conifer forest) and one in the south (near Cle Elm and Teanaway, characterized by a moist-mixed conifer forest). Each of the 304 plots were placed within 300 meters of a POD boundary across a distribution that matched the forest structure of each region, as determined from existing available airborne laser scanning data. This package also includes a file that lists each CWI plot and details such as plot location and date of scan.When POD boundaries were created and potential control locations (PCLs) defined, nationally available data from the LANDFIRE (Landscape Fire and Resource Management Planning Tools) Project were used. Fuel models were created using 30 x 30 meter Landsat satellite imagery to define potential control features along the landscape. At the time the LANDFIRE Project was created, Landsat imagery was the best option for obtaining remotely sensed data. However, within recent years, the advancement of higher resolution remote sensing products have become available, allowing for improvements to fuel characterization at a more localized level. The use of TLS provides an efficient mode for fuels sampling across large areas, allowing scientists and land managers to update fuel maps on a regular basis.For more information on Potential Operational Delineations (PODs), see Thompson et al. (2022), Thompson et al. (2016), and https:\/\/research.fs.usda.gov\/rmrs\/projects\/pods#resources.","keyword":["biota","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Ecology","Fire","Fire ecology","Fire suppression, pre-suppression","Wildland\/urban interface","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Biometrics","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","terrestrial laser scan","TLS","Leica BLK360","forest inventory","fuels","potential operational delineations","POD","potential control locations","PCL","forest monitoring","Washington","Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest","Teanaway Community Forest","Central Washington Initiative","CWI","Methow Valley","Teanaway","Cle Elum"],"spatial":"-121.50000,46.30000,-119.80000,48.90000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0048","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0048","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-08-19"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Tree size and soil characteristics in the 1925 Wind River spacing trial for Douglas-fir","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0049","description":"A spacing trial for Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) was established in 1925 near Wind River in southwestern Washington. This was the earliest field trial to compare the long-term effects of initial spacing on tree growth and yield of planted seedlings for this species. Initial square spacings were 4, 5 ,6, 8, 10 and 12 feet. The area had been logged and burned prior to planting with a low elevation, non-local seed source. Mortality was replaced for 5 years with the same or similar seed source. The blocks of each spacing were 2.8 acres for the 4-, 5-, 6-, 8-, and 10- feet (ft) spacings and 0.34 acres for the 12-ft spacing which was expanded 2 growing seasons later to 0.52 acres. This data publication includes diameter at breast height (4.5 ft) measurements on all trees in the measurement plots at approximately 5-year increments between 1951 and 1991, with tree condition noted. Heights were subsampled across the diameter range with a minimum of 10 height trees at the beginning of the sampling in each subplot. At age 48 the measurement plots were gridded into 16 squares and the largest tree in each square was measured for height as well as the previously designated height trees. Also included in this data publication are height-to-live-crown measurements taken on a subset of trees in each plot, in 1991 (total of 430 trees measured). Volume calculations as well as predicted heights (for trees where height was not measured) are also included. Soil characteristics were determined from observations and samples taken in pits, transects, and seismic sampling points; these were done between 1968 and 1994. Soil physical properties were determined for each sample and based on these sample, three soil phases were mapped in the study area and their textural characteristics, available water, nitrogen, cation exchange capacity, carbon to nitrogen ration, bulk density and resistance provided for each soil layer by depth. Tree growth rates were related to soil characteristics as well as spacing.These data were collected to document the effect of plantation spacing on tree growth and stand yield and also the effects of soil characteristics on tree growth.For additional background information on the original study associated with tree growth and soil relations, see Miller et al. (2004).","keyword":["farming","biota","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Soil","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","spacing","tree density","tree size development","tree growth","depth to bedrock","soil texture","water holding capacity","pseudoreplication","Douglas-fir","Pseudotsuga menziesii","Washington","Wind River","Carson","Skamania County"],"spatial":"-121.95700,45.89500,-121.95600,45.89800","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0049","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0049","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-08-20"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:32"],"programCode":["005:051"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Testing and training data for machine learning models to detect, classify and count blackbirds damaging agriculture using drone-based imagery","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/NWRC-RDS-2025-002","description":"We used drones to capture images of mixed-species blackbird (Icteridae) flocks damaging sunflower (Helianthus annuus) in North Dakota. Images included several blackbirds (Icteridae) that breed in North Dakota and are considered agricultural pests, including red-winged blackbirds (RWBL) (Agelaius phoeniceus), common grackles (Quiscalus quiscula), yellow-headed blackbirds (Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus), brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater), and European starlings (Sturnidae: Sturnus vulgaris). This study was implemented between September 2021 and October 2022 in multiple counties in North Dakota, USA, where blackbird damage to sunflowers is prevalent. We simultaneously hazed and captured video and photographs of flocks with the drone, thus images consist of airborne flocks with sky, green vegetation, or tan vegetation backgrounds. Images were used to train and test two models: 1) a ResNet-18 convolutional neural network (CNN) model to detect flocks of varying size and distance from the camera and 2) Faster Region-based Convolutional Neural Network (Faster-RCNN) models to detect individual blackbirds, classify individual blackbirds by species and for RWBL sex and age class, and count blackbirds. The Faster-RCNN model required individual birds in the images to be manually annotated by trained biologists for model training. This data publication contains the data and R code used to analyze these data, as well as the 400 images used in the models to detect blackbird flocks, the 131 images used in the models to detect and classify individual blackbirds, and the 131 image annotation files.We designed this study to assess efficacy of drone-based aerial imagery combined with deep learning algorithms to accurately detect mixed-species blackbird flocks, as well as detect, classify, and count individual birds on varying backgrounds.For more information about this study and these data, see Duttenhefner et al. (2025).","keyword":["biota","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Birds","blackbird","drones","unmanned aircraft systems","UAS","monitoring","automation","background removal","Faster-RCNN","North Dakota"],"spatial":"-100.84000,46.08000,-99.79000,48.99000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/NWRC-RDS-2025-002","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/NWRC-RDS-2025-002","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-11-15"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Potential recreation displacement by wildfire in Cleveland National Forest, California","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0050","description":"This project was initiated to provide land managers with spatial information on the potential for recreation destinations to be closed or disrupted due to wildfire. Wildfires are a common occurrence in fire prone landscapes including much of southern California. Wildfires of any size can close national forests to the public for short durations due to safety concerns for forest visitors while the fire is active. However, larger, more destructive wildfires can lead to long-term recreation displacement by removing trail and campsite infrastructure, killing surrounding vegetation leading to safety concerns from falling trees, and increase the time to restore recreation opportunities. In this project, we create spatial data to show where the greatest risk of long-term recreation displacement due to wildfire is likely. We developed these recreation displacement likelihood datasets using two weather scenarios \"dry\" and \"moderate\", for the Cleveland National Forest, in California using data from 2016-2023. Each recreation displacement likelihood map was created using the following five spatial data inputs: canopy height, flame length probability, potential heat per unit area, burn probability, and potential fire severity. Canopy height was used as a measurement of vegetation type most likely to cause long-term disruption to recreation, that is fire-killed tall trees are more likely to disrupt recreation than shrubs or grass fuel types. Flame length probability and potential heat per unit area were used to measure fire intensity and amount of energy released from a fire. Burn probability conveys the likelihood of a fire occurring at a given location across the landscape. Potential fire severity indicates how damaging a fire would be if an ignition occurred. This data publication includes a separate geodatabase for dry and moderate weather conditions. Both of these geodatabases include 5 rasters: potential for fire to impact recreation, potential fire severity, burn probability, potential heat per unit area, and flame length probability. A geodatabase containing priority and non priority trail, priority and non priority road, as well as priority and non priority places of interest vector data is also provided. Vector data show where highly frequented locations overlap with the above-mentioned datasets. Priority locations represent highly visited locations or locations of high importance, whereas non priority locations are visited less frequently.The main goals of this project were to determine where wildfires are most likely to occur within the Cleveland National Forest. Then, if a wildfire occurs what are the potential long-term impacts of burning to places of interest that are important to recreation.The recreation displacement likelihood datasets were developed using two weather scenarios \"dry\" and \"moderate\" following Scott and Burgan (2005).","keyword":["biota","society","Fire","Fire ecology","Fire effects on environment","Environment and People","Recreation","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","recreation displacement","California","Cleveland National Forest"],"spatial":"-117.67524,32.65395,-116.37718,33.86239","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0050","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0050","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-08-21"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Potential recreation displacement by wildfire in Los Padres National Forest, California","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0051","description":"This project was initiated to provide land managers with spatial information on the potential for recreation destinations to be closed or disrupted due to wildfire. Wildfires are a common occurrence in fire prone landscapes including much of southern California. Wildfires of any size can close national forests to the public for short durations due to safety concerns for forest visitors while the fire is active. However, larger, more destructive wildfires can lead to long-term recreation displacement by removing trail and campsite infrastructure, killing surrounding vegetation leading to safety concerns from falling trees, and increase the time to restore recreation opportunities. In this project, we create spatial data to show where the greatest risk of long-term recreation displacement due to wildfire is likely. We developed these recreation displacement likelihood datasets using two weather scenarios \"dry\" and \"moderate\", for the Los Padres National Forest, in California using data from 2016-2023. Each recreation displacement likelihood map was created using the following five spatial data inputs: canopy height, flame length probability, potential heat per unit area, burn probability, and potential fire severity. Canopy height was used as a measurement of vegetation type most likely to cause long-term disruption to recreation, that is fire-killed tall trees are more likely to disrupt recreation than shrubs or grass fuel types. Flame length probability and potential heat per unit area were used to measure fire intensity and amount of energy released from a fire. Burn probability conveys the likelihood of a fire occurring at a given location across the landscape. Potential fire severity indicates how damaging a fire would be if an ignition occurred. This data publication includes a separate geodatabase for dry and moderate weather conditions. Both of these geodatabases include 5 rasters: potential for fire to impact recreation, potential fire severity, burn probability, potential heat per unit area, and flame length probability. A geodatabase containing planned, priority and non priority trails; priority and non priority road; as well as places of interest vector data is also provided. Vector data show where highly frequented locations overlap with the above-mentioned datasets. Priority locations represent highly visited locations or locations of high importance, whereas non priority locations are visited less frequently.The main goals of this project were to determine where wildfires are most likely to occur within the Los Padres National Forest. Then, if a wildfire occurs what are the potential long-term impacts of burning to places of interest that are important to recreation.The recreation displacement likelihood datasets were developed using two weather scenarios \"dry\" and \"moderate\" following Scott and Burgan (2005).","keyword":["biota","society","Fire","Fire ecology","Fire effects on environment","Environment and People","Recreation","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","recreation displacement","California","Los Padres National Forest"],"spatial":"-121.90742,34.39184,-118.71331,36.40385","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0051","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0051","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-08-21"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Potential recreation displacement by wildfire in San Bernardino National Forest, California","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0052","description":"This project was initiated to provide land managers with spatial information on the potential for recreation destinations to be closed or disrupted due to wildfire. Wildfires are a common occurrence in fire prone landscapes including much of southern California. Wildfires of any size can close national forests to the public for short durations due to safety concerns for forest visitors while the fire is active. However, larger, more destructive wildfires can lead to long-term recreation displacement by removing trail and campsite infrastructure, killing surrounding vegetation leading to safety concerns from falling trees, and increase the time to restore recreation opportunities. In this project, we create spatial data to show where the greatest risk of long-term recreation displacement due to wildfire is likely. We developed these recreation displacement likelihood datasets using two weather scenarios \"dry\" and \"moderate\", for the San Bernardino National Forest, in California using data from 2016-2023. Each recreation displacement likelihood map was created using the following five spatial data inputs: canopy height, flame length probability, potential heat per unit area, burn probability, and potential fire severity. Canopy height was used as a measurement of vegetation type most likely to cause long-term disruption to recreation, that is fire-killed tall trees are more likely to disrupt recreation than shrubs or grass fuel types. Flame length probability and potential heat per unit area were used to measure fire intensity and amount of energy released from a fire. Burn probability conveys the likelihood of a fire occurring at a given location across the landscape. Potential fire severity indicates how damaging a fire would be if an ignition occurred. This data publication includes a separate geodatabase for dry and moderate weather conditions. Both of these geodatabases include 5 rasters: potential for fire to impact recreation, potential fire severity, burn probability, potential heat per unit area, and flame length probability. A geodatabase containing priority and non priority trail, priority and non priority places of interest, as well as road vector data with extracted dry and moderate condition raster values is also provided. Vector data show where highly frequented locations overlap with the above-mentioned datasets. Priority locations represent highly visited locations or locations of high importance, whereas non priority locations are visited less frequently.The main goals of this project were to determine where wildfires are most likely to occur within the San Bernardino. Then, if a wildfire occurs what are the potential long-term impacts of burning to places of interest that are important to recreation.The recreation displacement likelihood datasets were developed using two weather scenarios \"dry\" and \"moderate\" following Scott and Burgan (2005).","keyword":["biota","society","Fire","Fire ecology","Fire effects on environment","Environment and People","Recreation","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","recreation displacement","California","San Bernardino National Forest"],"spatial":"-117.65682,33.49940,-116.31894,34.38315","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0052","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0052","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-08-21"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Long-term effect of density management on growth and yield of true fir (Abies concolor and Abies magnifica) stands in northern California","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0053","description":"This data publication includes data from several long-term true fir (white fir (Abies concolor) and red fir (Abies magnifica)) studies established independently across northern California that underwent varying levels of thinning at each site. While some additional treatments such as fertilization were applied to some of the study sites, the primary focus was the effects of residual density following commercial thinning. The study sites include: Jennie Springs, Swain Mountain, and Swain Pole at Swain Mountain Experimental Forest within Lassen National Forest; Big Lake and Crater Peak at Lassen National Forest; Little Glass Mountain and Pumice Stone Mountain at Klamath National Forest; and LaTour site in LaTour Demonstration State Forest (California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection). Data collection years vary for each site, ranging from 1963 to 2023. Tree-level measurements at each site and plot include data such as: species, stand age, diameter at breast height, height, height to base of live crown, and tree condition. Two sites burned in the 2021 Dixie fire also include post-fire data collected in 2022 which include survival status, percentage crown volume affected and torched, crown scorch height and bark char height.These studies were established to identify best practices in commercial thinning of true fir stands.Summaries of these data can be found in multiple publications which are listed as cross-references below.","keyword":["biota","Natural Resource Management & Use","Carbon","long-term silvicultural research plots","stand density","thinning","timber production","true fir","red fir","white fir","vegetation","forest resources","California","Swain Mountain Experimental Forest","Lassen National Forest","Klamath National Forest","Latour Demonstration State Forest"],"spatial":"-121.72889,40.40334,-121.08864,41.59329","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0053","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0053","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-08-29"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Reconciled fire growth records for annual Fires of Unusual Size (FOUS)","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0054","description":"This data publication contains daily growth data for fires of unusual size (FOUS) occurring in the coterminous United States. Fire information was collected from the National Infrared Operations (NIROPS) program, progression maps, ICS-209 reports, and daily GIS shape\ufb01les for each \ufb01re, reconciled to try to provide a complete picture of fire progression. This publication includes all 2020-2023 FOUS fires, which only resulted in fires within the western United States. Tabular daily fire growth data are provided separately by fire and where applicable, notes taken during the reconciliation of fire data are also included.Research shows that FOUS growth responds differently to weather conditions, compared to growth occurring on other, smaller fires. Tabulating and documenting FOUS provides data that can be used for future work seeking to understand the factors driving their growth.For prior research looking at FOUS growth response to weather, see Potter et al. (2021) and Potter (2023).","keyword":["environment","Fire","wildfire","diurnal effects","forest fire","FOUS","fires of unusual size","megafires","fire growth","western United States","Montana","Idaho","Colorado","California","Oregon","Washington","New Mexico","Arizona"],"spatial":"-123.95400,33.07900,-106.46900,49.00000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0054","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0054","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-08-29"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Gases measured in different diffusion flame zones","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0055","description":"Light gases were measured in the persistent, intermittent and plume regions of a wildland fire diffusion flame produced by burning longleaf pine needles from the southern United States. This data publication includes measurements taken during a pilot experiment, conducted in February 2020, that measured flame gases from 24 experimental fires which were collected in canisters and analyzed using EPA method TO-14A for CO\u2082, CO, H\u2082, CH\u2084 and C\u2082 to C\u2087 hydrocarbon gases. Gas chromatography \/ mass spectrometry (GC\/MS) with flame ionization detector (FID) was the primary method used to identify the hydrocarbons. Other light gases were measured using FTIR spectroscopy. Additional data include bare wire type K thermocouple temperature measurements and O\u2082 levels measured in the flame's zones.Gas and tar composition of a wildland fire diffusion flame from longleaf pine needles is currently relatively unmeasured and more data are needed to fill in the gap between pyrolysis data and smoke plume data to improve the physical and chemical modeling of wildland smoke formation for prescribed fire use.For more information about this study and these data, see Weise et al. (2025).\n\t  \nThis data package was published on 09\/15\/2025. On 09\/23\/2025, the metadata was updated to include the complete citation for the associated article recently published.","keyword":["farming","biota","economy","environment","health","Climate change","Carbon","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Plant ecology","Environment and People","Impact of people on environment","Fire","Fire effects on environment","Prescribed fire","Smoke","Forest Products","Bioenergy and biomass","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","Policies and law","wildland fire","flame","pyrolysis","Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy","gas chromatography","hydrocarbon","nitrogen","southern United States","California","Montana","Washington"],"spatial":"-95.4,28.3,-75.1,38.3","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0055","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0055","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-09-23"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Burning characteristics of circular fuel beds of four evergreen chaparral species","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0056","description":"This data publication includes flame and mass loss data from chaparral fuels burned in circular pans. Chaparral fuels were collected from 2003-2005 in the North Mountain Experimental Area in California and included the following species: chamise (Adenostoma fasciculatum), hoaryleaf ceanothus (Ceanothus crassifolius), Eastwood manzanita (Arctostaphylos glandulosa) and scrub oak (Quercus berberidifolia). Circular cribs composed of foliage and branches less than 0.625 centimeters in diameter were burned under still air conditions. Fuels were burned on the day collected, as well as after dried (2003-2005). Measurements include observed fire behavior such as mass loss rate, flame height, and temperature structure above the burning fuel bed.The effects of physical characteristics of fuels and fuel beds on live fuel burning and whether live fuels differ fundamentally from dead woody fuels in their burning characteristics are not well understood. Toward this end, four common chaparral fuels prevalent in southern California, chamise, manzanita, ceanothus and scrub oak, were investigated by burning them in a cylindrical container.For more information about this study and these data, see Sun et al. (2006) and Sun (2006).","keyword":["biota","environment","Fire","Prescribed fire","California","North Mountain Experimental Area"],"spatial":"-116.87134,33.85595,-116.87134,33.85595","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0056","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0056","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-09-03"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Vegetation cover and functional traits showing effect of stream restoration on plant communities in northern New Mexico","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0057","description":"This data publication contains vegetation cover and functional traits data from a Before-After-Control-Impact (BACI) designed study that evaluated the impacts of two stream restoration techniques on plant communities: beaver dam analogs (BDAs) and plug-and-ponds. This study took place in 2020-2022 within northern New Mexico along San Antonio Creek, Rio Cebolla, Comanche Creek, and Vidal Creek. Tabular data include vegetation cover measurements recorded on 1 square meter plots along multiple transects and distances from the channel, at eight stream restoration control and impact sites. Additionally, vegetation functional traits for the species found on these sites were acquired from the USDA PLANTS Database. Information such as growth habit, growth form, and lifespan are included.This study was designed to provide information and an understanding of the effects stream restoration has on facilitated recovery of riparian plant communities, and how reassembly impacted the representation of traits that influence ecosystem function.For more information about this study and these data, see Driscoll et al. (2025, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/rec.70053).","keyword":["inlandWaters","Forest & Plant Health","Human effects","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","bayesian analysis","beaver dam analog","before-after-control-impact","meadow rewatering","plug-and-pond","pond-and-plug","process-based restoration","streams and rivers","New Mexico","San Antonio Creek","Vidal Creek","Comanche Creek","Rio Cebolla"],"spatial":"-106.66191,35.95270,-105.24329,36.75613","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0057","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0057","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-09-04"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Hurricane Fiona in Puerto Rico: Survey data on effects, impacts and adaptive responses in agriculture and forestry from 2023 to 2024","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0058","description":"This data publication presents quantitative and qualitative data on the effects, associated impacts, and hurricane preparedness and recovery responses in agriculture and forestry following Hurricane Fiona in Puerto Rico on September 2022. The data were collected through an online survey conducted in 2023-2024, aimed at gathering the perspectives of agricultural and forestry advisors from local, federal, and academic institutions. A total of 54 responses were received. Both survey responses and a copy of the survey are included in both English and Spanish.Hurricane Fiona made landfall in Puerto Rico on September 18, 2022, while many areas were still recovering from hurricanes Irma and Mar\u00eda (2017). The purpose of this study\u2019s was to examine the challenges that Hurricane Fiona posed to the agriculture and forestry sectors in Puerto Rico. Through a multi-methods survey (n = 54) directed to agricultural and forestry advisors, we examined: (1) hurricane effects and associated impacts across sectors, (2) barriers to response and recovery, (3) lessons applied from past events, (4) changes in response strategies over time, and (5) differences in perceived institutional capacity by organizational affiliation.For more information about this study and these data, see \u00c1lvarez-Berr\u00edos et al. (in review).","keyword":["farming","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","economy","environment","society","Climate change","Human response","Climate change effects","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","Range management & grazing","Agroforestry","Landscape management","cyclone","farmers","forests","landowners","preparedness program","risk reduction","Puerto Rico"],"spatial":"-67.95137,17.88124,-65.22098,18.51597","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0058","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0058","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-09-12"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Plant survival, growth, and physiological performance analysis of Nothofagus glauca seedlings through different environmental conditions characterized by a shrubland versus a forest canopy in the Mediterranean region of Chile","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0059","description":"These data were used to better understand how to restore Nothofagus glauca, an edemic, shade-tolerant, threatened tree species from Mediterranean central Chile. Locally sourced seeds were collected in 2015 and seedlings were grown in a nursery either one (sown 2017) or two (sown 2016) years before outplanting in 2018. Both stocktypes were established into two planting hole sizes under different environmental conditions characterized by a shrubland versus a forest canopy, with and without vegetation management. A wide variety of data are included in this data publication; the data were used to analyze seedling survival, growth, and physiological performance. Nursery data includes pre-planting seedling morphology, nutrient status, and root growth potential. Field data includes measures of edaphic characteristics (i.e., nutrient status, gravimetric and volumetric water content), weather conditions (i.e., temperature, relative humidity, vapor pressure deficit), and seedling physiological status (i.e., survival, morphology, nutrient status, pre-dawn water potential, leaf gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, photosynthetic pigment-related measurements).Data were collected to determine if the larger stocktype will have higher survival and growth than the smaller stocktype during establishment, and to determine if higher performance of either or both stocktypes will be observed under the shrubland conditions, despite the presence of water constraints that are usually observed in more open canopies.For more information about this study and these data, see Acevedo et al. (2024).","keyword":["biota","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Plant ecology","environmental variability","nurse plant","seedling performance","shade tolerance","water deficit","Chile","Maule","Curepto"],"spatial":"-72.09000,-35.18000,-72.02000,-35.10000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0059","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0059","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-09-15"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Tree measurements from old-growth and second-growth forest stands in southeast Alaska","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0060","description":"This data publication includes three different datasets containing tree measurements from old-growth and second-growth forest stands in southeast Alaska. The measurements are compilations from four past research projects conducted by the USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station in Juneau, Alaska. The Cooperative Stand Density Study (CSDS) (1974-2003) and the Taylor Growth and Yield Study (Taylor plots) (1926-2003) were conducted in second-growth stands and measurements are combined into a single dataset. The Alternatives to Clearcutting study (ATC) (1995-2005) and the Juneau Hydrologic Observatory project (Juneau carbon) (2008) occurred in old-growth stands and measurements are provided as two separate datasets. Each dataset contains sample plot measurements of tree diameters and heights. In addition, the second-growth dataset includes ingrowth tree measurements, tracks tree death, tallies cut trees, and includes plot site index, stand age, and stand treatment information. Site locations are provided for all four studies as well as detailed information and graphics related to the study design and treatments.The objectives of the Taylor Plot and CSDS studies were to obtain accurate data on growth and yield in unthinned and thinned even-aged second-growth western hemlock and Sitka spruce stands in southeast Alaska. Taylor plots (established 1926-1931 and 1963) are unthinned whereas the CSDS sites (established 1974-1987) contain a range of thinning treatments plus unthinned control plots. Stands originated from logging (primarily), fire, or blowdown.\n\nThe ATC study (1995-2005) was designed to assess the ecosystem, societal, and economic impacts of various partial harvest logging treatments in old-growth stands in southeast Alaska. Stands are a mix of hemlock, spruce, and cedar.\n\nThe Juneau Carbon overstory plots are part of the Juneau Hydrologic Observatory, which was established to collect hydrologic and carbon measurements from three representative landscape types in southeast Alaska (upland forests, forested wetlands, fens). The Juneau Carbon plots are in old-growth stands and were inventoried in 2008.The measurements contained in this data package are only a subset of the full suite of variables that were originally collected for the four studies. This publication provides the data that were used by Jones et al. (2026) to develop forest carbon accumulation models for the Tongass National Forest. While other forest measurement datasets for Tongass National Forest may exist, the four datasets published here were the ones available and suitable for use in the Jones et al. (2026) model development at the time.","keyword":["biota","Climate change","Carbon","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Plant ecology","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Assessments","Biometrics","Resource inventory","Techniques","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","Timber","Ecosystem services","second-growth","young-growth","carbon stock","carbon flux","forest productivity","temperate rainforest","Alaska","southeast Alaska","Tongass National Forest"],"spatial":"-135.55966,54.82038,-131.12621,58.54977","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0060","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0060","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2026-02-10"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Riparian soil carbon persistence and methane emissions data after stream restoration in northern New Mexico in 2021 and 2022","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0061","description":"This data package includes data assessing how stream restoration affects riparian soil processes in northern New Mexico. Streams in the Santa Fe National Forest were restored with Beaver Dam Analogs (BDAs) in 2021 and streams in the Carson National Forest were restored with plug-and-ponds in 2022. We measured soil carbon (C) stocks, mineral associated organic carbon, particulate organic carbon, soil carbon isotopes, soil pH, soil moisture, and soil methane emissions from riparian soil collected from two stream reaches in each forest three years after the restoration treatments were implemented. We measured these same variables from two nearby unrestored stream reaches at the same time in each forest. At each stream reach, soil samples were collected from 1, 5, and 10 meters (m) from the stream along 6 transects within 100 m of the restoration structure.Channel incision can decrease the connectivity between streams and their floodplains, potentially depleting carbon (C) in riparian soils by stimulating microbial decomposition. While stream restoration may replenish soil C pools by saturating riparian soils and slowing microbial activity, the effects of common restoration practices on soil C cycling are not clear. To assess the impact of stream restoration methods on soil C cycling, we measured soil C pools and methane (CH4, a strong greenhouse gas) emissions from stream reaches restored with plug-and-ponds or beaver dam analogs (BDAs) in northern New Mexico. We also measured mineral associated organic carbon (MAOC, a persistent C pool) and particulate organic matter (POC, a more labile C pool) as indicators of soil C persistence, and the isotopic composition of these C pools to inform their formation pathways. Together, these data inform how common stream restoration practices affect C cycling in riparian soils.For more information about these data and this study, see Krichels et al. (2026, Varying effects of stream restoration on riparian soil carbon persistence and methane emissions in the southern Rocky Mountains, USA, Restoration Ecology).","keyword":["biota","geoscientificInformation","Climate change","Carbon","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","beaver dam analogs","plug-and-ponds","pond-and-plugs","meadow rewetting","methane","13C","POM","MAOM","New Mexico"],"spatial":"-106.73406,35.89625,-105.22908,36.76500","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0061","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0061","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2026-04-17"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"A 2023 inventory of vegetation structure at the Miller Creek Demonstration Forest 55 years after initiation of the Plant Succession Study","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2026-0001","description":"These data support a publication that examined plant community structure 55 years after wildfire and clearcutting plus broadcast burning at the Miller Creek Demonstration Forest (Miller Creek) in northwest Montana. This study is known as the Plant Succession Study, and follows up on a long-term experiment conducted at Miller Creek in 1966 and then monitored over subsequent decades. In 2023 the original Plant Succession Study sample plots were relocated and monumented in 13 of the 4-hectare experimental burn units (which represent treatment units) that were used to examine post-disturbance vegetation structure. This data publication includes data collected from resampling these 13 experimental burn units in 2023. Data include: tree basal area; tree, shrub, and herbaceous vegetation cover percentage; understory plant frequency of detection, and; covariates relating to site, disturbance, and pre-disturbance vegetation that were used in modeling.The purpose of the Miller Creek Plant Succession Study is to document plant community dynamics over the years to decades following clearcutting and one of various alternative burn treatments. A wildfire affected the site during treatment implementation and was then incorporated into the Plant Succession Study. The intention was to improve understanding of changes in the plant community following these treatments and to derive the primary drivers and potential causal mechanisms behind these changes. Long-term monitoring of post-disturbance plant community structure lapsed in the late 1990s and early 2000s due to resource constraints. The current research data entry contributes to this understanding by providing a snapshot of post-disturbance vegetation structure in 2023, following re-installation of the original Plant Succession Study sample plots.More information about this study and these data can be found in Williams et al. (2026) and Supplement 1 provided within Williams et al. (2026).","keyword":["biota","environment","plant community dynamics","succession","fuel treatments","harvesting","site preparation","vegetation measurements","repeated sampling","western larch","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Plant ecology","Fire","Fire ecology","Fire effects on environment","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","vegetation","shrubs","herbs","Western larch","Larix occidentalis","Douglas-fir","Pseudotsuga menziesii","Lodgepole pine","Pinus contorta","Subalpine fir","Abies lasiocarpa","Engelmann spruce","Picea engelmannii","northwest Montana","Miller Creek Demonstration Forest","Flathead National Forest"],"spatial":"-114.73148,48.50589,-114.65342,48.55971","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2026-0001","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2026-0001","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2026-02-20"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Aquatic habitat, amphibian, and fish data from the Density Management and Riparian Buffer Study of western Oregon, USA","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0062","description":"This archive contains data from the Aquatic Vertebrates and Habitats component of the Density Management and Riparian Buffer Study of Western Oregon. Data were collected for multiple purposes. The first aim was to characterize the instream habitats and vertebrate fauna of headwater stream ecosystems in stream reaches from study sites across Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and Forest Service lands in secondary forests of western Oregon. Data were collected to assess the extent of co-occurrence of fish and amphibians in headwater stream ecosystems, with some smaller streams likely being above the uppermost distribution of fishes. Headwater areas of Pacific Northwest forested watersheds had limited prior research to characterize small stream ecosystems. The second aim was to examine if and how different stream-riparian buffer widths within a thinned upland forest affected habitat attributes and the densities of aquatic vertebrate species. Some of those upland forest areas were managed according to other components of the study that tested heterogeneous stand density management practices, including the creation of circular leave islands (skips) and clearcut islands (gaps) within the thinned forest matrix. Skips and gaps were intended to accelerate the development of late-successional and old-growth forest conditions to sustain or restore native species associated with habitats of older forests. The U.S. federal Northwest Forest Plan established two Riparian Reserve widths, a two tree-height buffer for fish-bearing streams, and a one tree-height buffer for non-fish-bearing streams. These buffers were conceptually supported by earlier science but had not yet been explicitly field tested. For the second aim, the one tree-height and two tree-height buffers would be tested against two narrower alternative buffer treatments, variable width and streamside, to compare their efficacy. \n\nData for this project include the field-collected instream-habitat attributes and aquatic vertebrate species occurrences that were analyzed for this Before-After-Control-Impact experiment conducted in western Oregon from 1994 to 2023. Habitat attributes include parameters such as unit width, length, and depth, substrate composition, and down wood occurrence by log diameter within the wetted stream prism. There were 4 fish taxonomic groups and 13 amphibian species identified over the course of the study across all sites and stream reaches sampled, although several taxa occurred at low density and were not analyzed for buffer treatment effects owing to insufficient sample sizes. Data reflect changes in some aspects of the study design over the course of the study. Before-treatment data were collected and analyzed for 106 stream reaches across 12 study sites. Data contained in this package are compiled separately per habitat component (available habitat type, sampled habitat type, down wood, and substrate) or species occurrence (instream, streambank, or upslope), recorded at each time step, site, reach, unit, etc. The full data set is provided in a Microsoft Access database as well as individual comma-separated values files along with documents providing detailed information about the sites, sampling methods, and data variables. Final derived data and supplemental information used in the most recent analysis are also provided.As one component of a broader study, these data were collected to investigate aquatic-dependent vertebrates (fish and amphibians) in and along headwater streams in managed forests of western Oregon.For more information about this study and these data, see Olson et al. (in prep).","keyword":["biota","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Animal ecology","Landscape ecology","Environment and People","Impact of people on environment","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","Timber","Water","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Amphibians","Fish","Habitat management","frogs","salamanders","sculpins","cutthroat trout","moist coniferous forest","thinning","riparian management zone","headwater stream ecosystems","stream habitat attributes","Oregon","Coast Range","Cascade Range","Pacific Northwest"],"spatial":"-133.90000,31.29167,-122.15917,45.26556","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0062","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0062","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2025-11-20"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Strategic fuel break assessment data for southern California national forests","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0064","description":"Fuel breaks are a common feature on the national forests in southern California and elsewhere. From 2012-2016, the Adaptive Management Services Enterprise Team gathered and developed data and a process to prioritize fuel break maintenance on the Angeles, Cleveland, Los Padres and San Bernardino National Forests. Data were divided into 3 tiers: fire-related factors, non-fire related factors and other factors. The first two tiers were used in the evaluation process. This data publication includes data for the 38 measures developed through analysis of existing spatial information and fire behavior simulations. Data are provided for the 1125 fuel breaks that existed during this time period.This data set documents conditions associated with fuel breaks on the Angeles, Cleveland, Los Padres and San Bernardino National Forests 2012-2016.For more information about this study and these data, see Weise et al. (2026).\n\nThis data publication became available on 12\/15\/2025. The metadata was updated on 02\/13\/2026 to modify the citation for the associated publication that just went live.","keyword":["biota","environment","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","economy","elevation","imageryBaseMapsEarthCover","location","planningCadastre","society","structure","utilitiesCommunication","transportation","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Geography","Landscape ecology","Environment and People","Decision making, public involvement","Impact of people on environment","Recreation","Urban natural resources management","Fire","Fire suppression, pre-suppression","Wildland\/urban interface","Forest & Plant Health","Human effects","Invasive species","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Assessments","Techniques","Natural Resource Management & Use","Economics","Engineering, roads, bridges","Landscape management","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Habitat management","evacuation","fire simulation","fire spread","fuel treatment","wildfire","aerial retardant","California","southern California","Angeles National Forest","Cleveland National Forest","Los Padres National Forest","San Bernardino National Forest","Monterey County","San Luis Obispo County","Kern County","Santa Barbara County","Ventura County","Los Angeles County","Orange County","Riverside County","San Diego County"],"spatial":"-121.90641,32.66450,-115.89917,36.54675","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0064","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2025-0064","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2026-02-13"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Uncrewed aerial system imagery and collocated validation field plots from assessment of forest spatial pattern in Black Hills South Dakota, USA restoration treatments","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2026-0003","description":"This data publication includes uncrewed aerial system (UAS) imagery collected in 2023 to characterize the forest spatial pattern following five unique silvicultural prescriptions implemented in the Black Hills Experimental Forest in South Dakota. The imagery includes 6,185 photo points and is accompanied by 115 ground control points established to ensure alignment of the UAS and field observations, and 46 one-tenth acre circular plots of stem mapped Pinus ponderosa trees for use in validating both tree and plot level forest structural metrics. Additionally, a geospatial layer is provided that delineates and defines the management units and the five prescriptions implemented within them.These data were collected to evaluate the ability of five individual tree marking strategies to recreate the historical clumping patterns seen in Black Hills ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forests. The intention was to leverage UAS-derived forest inventory data from structure-from-motion photogrammetry to compare the spatial patterns from the individual tree marking strategies against locally collected metrics describing the historical range of variation.For more information about this study and these data, see Tinkham et al. (in review) and the accompanying supplemental map (\\Supplements\\UAS_Flight_Plan.pdf) depicting the approximate ground control point locations and how the site was divided to minimize elevation change within the different uncrewed aerial system flights.","keyword":["imageryBaseMapsEarthCover","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Landscape ecology","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Forest management","Restoration","silviculture","restoration","uncrewed aerial system","individual tree detection","spatial pattern","Black Hills Experimental Forest","Black Hills National Forest","South Dakota"],"spatial":"-103.65655,44.13964,-103.61232,44.15048","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2026-0003","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2026-0003","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2026-01-07"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Forest communities of northeast Minnesota based on estimated total above-ground tree biomass","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2026-0004","description":"This data publication includes a fine-grain forest cover type raster based on estimated total above-ground tree biomass across northeast Minnesota from 2009 to 2020. The forest community type is a 30-meter resolution raster covering a 22,522 square kilometer area of northeast Minnesota. We combined relative total above-ground biomass estimates (years 2014 - 2018) of 23 tree species from the United States Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis\u2019s (FIA) Big Data, Mapping and Analytics Platform (BIGMAP) project with forest community definitions from Minnesota Department of Natural Resources\u2019 Native Plant Community Class-level (NPCC) information to classify each cell into one of 22 forest communities. Data are provided as both a geodatabase and a georeferenced TIFF file with attribute tables that contain specific information on NPCCs, non-forest classifications, and website sources for each.Land managers can use this forest community type map for planning and management activities. We created the map because forest cover type is frequently classified broadly (e.g., deciduous, evergreen, mixed forests) and at large spatial extents based on remotely-sensed, multi-spectral satellite imagery that emphasizes the overstory tree canopy composition, but wildlife habitat studies often require fine-grain forest cover type information at a large spatial extent.For more information about these data, see the research map (Donner et al. in press).","keyword":["environment","biota","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","forest communities","classification","above-ground tree biomass","Minnesota","northeast Minnesota"],"spatial":"-93.533402,46.736582,-89.439199,48.647365","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2026-0004","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2026-0004","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2026-01-12"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Smoothed raster of wildfire transmission to buildings in the continental United States and Hawaii","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0015-4","description":"Recent fire seasons in the United States have prompted federal agencies to explore strategies for expanding fuel management and forest restoration in areas where wildfires ignite and spread to buildings in nearby communities. This data publication includes three geodatabase rasters that represent spatial assessments across the conterminous United States, Alaska, and Hawaii of the potential for wildfires to ignite, spread, and expose buildings. The rasters provide smoothed estimates of annual building exposure from wildfire. They were created by intersecting simulated wildfire perimeters with building location data over 10,000 to 100,000 simulated fire seasons. The assessment reflects 2020 vegetation and fuel conditions and 2023 building locations. These data support scenario planning efforts to design fuel treatment programs that target wildfire exposure to developed areas. The national-scale extent of the data enables broader application of scenario planning science to analyze and communicate potential large-scale expansions of forest and fuel management initiatives.Wildfire impacts to developed areas have stimulated wide-ranging policy discussions about the role of active forest management to reduce hazardous fuels on federal and private wildlands. An assessment of areas that have the highest likelihood to ignite fires that spread to buildings in developed areas is needed. These spatial data were used to estimate sources of wildfire ignitions that spread to and expose communities to help highlight areas that could be targeted for fuels reduction treatments and other risk mitigation efforts.The first edition of these data was published on 03\/10\/2022 (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0015). The second edition changed the raster values to be per pixel values instead of per acre values (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0015-2). The third edition added the corresponding exposure raster for Alaska (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0015-3). \n\t  \nThis new (fourth) edition adds the corresponding building exposure raster for Hawaii, and all three rasters reflect updated data on building locations and vegetation and fuels conditions from those used in previous editions.\n\nLayer files are also provided, which allow the matching of the symbology to the PNG files included in this package.","keyword":["geoscientificInformation","structure","Fire","Fire effects on environment","Wildland\/urban interface","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","wildfire","wildfire exposure","wildfire transmission","wildfire management","United States","continental United States","conterminous United States","Alaska","Hawaii"],"spatial":"-179.14891,22.87372,179.77847,71.365162","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0015-4","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2022-0015-4","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2026-01-07"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Fine root traits and belowground carbon and nitrogen pools of 32-year-old Pinus ponderosa trees in northern Idaho, USA","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2026-0005","description":"This data publication includes measurements of fine root traits and the carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) pools in fine and coarse roots of a 32-year-old stand of Pinus ponderosa located in the University of Idaho Experimental Forest in northern Idaho. Fine root data, collected at four depths (forest floor and 0-10, 10-20, and 20-30 cm) from the four cardinal directions of each of 15 trees, includes length, diameter, volume, specific root length, and C and N concentration. Coarse root data includes wood density (nine random samples across a range of first-order lateral root diameters), and C and N concentrations systematically sampled across three taproot depths and three first order lateral root locations for ten trees. Measurements were obtained between 2017 and 2023.Empirical data about tree root systems and their C and N pools are limited. This study, part of a larger root architecture and root development study, was designed to expand our understanding of the contributions of fine and coarse roots to ecosystem C and N pools.For more information regarding this study and these data, see Dumroese et al. (in review).","keyword":["biota","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Plant ecology","Idaho","University of Idaho Experimental Forest","Latah County"],"spatial":"-116.87104,46.84224,-116.87104,46.84224","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2026-0005","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2026-0005","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2026-01-12"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Historical temperature and precipitation data for the conterminous United States used in TCSI statistic in the 2020 Resources Planning Act Assessment","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2026-0009","description":"This data publication contains the gridded historical (1951-2000) climate data for the conterminous United States that were used in the Terrestrial Climate Stress Index (TCSI), as part of the 2020 Resources Planning Act Assessment. Data include two georeferenced TIF files containing stacked raster files with a 4 kilometer resolution grid of 1) mean annual temperatures (degrees Celsius) and 2) total annual precipitation (millimeters). This package also includes the tabular version of these data that includes the temperature and precipitation values for each raster grid cell.These data were used to explore the impact of climate and vegetation change on wildlife habitat for the 2020 RPA Assessment.For more information regarding the analysis of climate change on wildlife habitat using these climate data, see Flitcroft et al. (2023).","keyword":["climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","environment","Climate change","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Habitat management","mean annual temperature","total annual precipitation","PRISM","RPA Assessment","Resources Planning Act Assessment","conterminous United States","CONUS"],"spatial":"-135.9182,19.90875,-55.45315,52.998","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2026-0009","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2026-0009","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2026-01-27"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Historical and projected annual vegetation carbon data for the conterminous United States used in the TCSI statistic","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2026-0010","description":"This data publication contains the gridded historical-modeled (1951-2000) and projected (2050-2099) mean annual total live vegetation carbon data (grams carbon per square meter) for the conterminous United States that were used to develop the Terrestrial Climate Stress Index (TCSI), as part of the 2020 Resources Planning Act Assessment. Data include georeferenced TIF files containing stacked raster files with a 4 kilometer resolution grid of 1) annual historic vegetation carbon under the fire suppression model, 2) annual historic vegetation carbon under the no fire suppression model, and 3) projected vegetation carbon under a combination of five different global climate models (GCMs), two representative concentration pathways (RCPs), and 2 fire suppression scenarios (suppression and no suppression). This package also includes the tabular version of both the mean annual historic and projected vegetation carbon data for each raster grid cell.These data were used to explore the impact of climate and vegetation change on wildlife habitat for the 2020 RPA Assessment.For more information regarding the analysis of climate change on wildlife habitat using these vegetation carbon data, see Flitcroft et al. (2023).","keyword":["climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","environment","Climate change","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Habitat management","vegetation change","carbon pool","RPA Assessment","Resources Planning Act Assessment","conterminous United States","CONUS"],"spatial":"-135.9182,19.90875,-55.45315,52.998","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2026-0010","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2026-0010","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2026-01-27"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Growth, foliar metabolites, and soil characteristics from five floodplain tree and shrub species planted as part of an American elm restoration project within the Finger Lakes National Forest, NY","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2026-0013","description":"This data publication includes foliar metabolite\/physiology data collected in 2015, and growth measurements from 2015 and 2023 from five species: American elm clones (Ulmus americana L.), bur oak (Quercus macrocarpa Michx.), silver maple (Acer saccharinum L.), speckled alder (Alnus incana (L.) Moench ssp. rugosa (Du Roi) Clausen), and red-osier dogwood (Cornus sericea L. ssp. sericea) growing in 3 replicate riparian sites within the Finger Lakes National Forest in New York. These sites were part of a comparative study on the impacts of site conditions and planting prescriptions for riparian restoration efforts including American elm. On August 18 and 19, 2015, 3 months after planting, foliage was collected from 2 plots (tree and tree + shrub) and each split to include or exclude mulch around the elm stems, from 2 out of 3 replicate sites. Foliar data includes free polyamines, free amino acids, soluble ions, chlorophyll, and soluble protein analyzed by High- Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrophotometer (ICP-OES), and spectrophotometer. Growth measurements were obtained for all 3 sites in May 2015, August of 2015, as well as August 2023. Due to plant mortality, some individuals were replaced in April 2018. Growth data include plant height, ground level diameter, and diameter at breast height as measured by a telescoping height pole and digital calipers.\n\nIn May 2014, soils were collected to depths of 0-10 and 10-20 centimeters (cm) from prospective areas where plots were later located at 2 out of 3 sites. In May 2015, soils from 0 to 10 cm were collected from within all 3 of the newly established research plots and reference soils were collected from the surrounding forested area with the same ground cover. Sampling in both 2014 and 2015 occurred before trees and shrubs were planted. Soil data includes wet\/dry weights, volume, bulk density, soil pH, % Carbon-organic matter, Nitrate-Nitrogen (N), Ammonium-N, active carbon, exchangeable ions, and effective cation exchange capacity analyzed by pH meter, Flow Injection Analysis-Ion Analyzer, Solvita\u00ae CO2-Burst test, and ICP-OES. Sub-samples of soil cores collected in 2015 were also analyzed for bacterial and fungal biomass conducted by Soil Foodweb, NY, Inc.The goal of this study was to evaluate if\/how planting prescriptions (plot type and ground cover) and site soil characteristics impact foliar physiology, metabolism and growth of American elm, bur oak, and silver maple used to restore ecological function to degraded riparian buffers in livestock pastures in the Finger Lakes National Forest, NY.","keyword":["biota","environment","geoscientificInformation","Climate change","Ecological adaptation","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Ecology","Plant ecology","Soil","Forest & Plant Health","Botany","Natural Resource Management & Use","Restoration","polyamines","amino acids","exchangeable ions ","chlorophyll","soluble protein","foliar physiology","metabolism","nutrients","American elm","American elm clone Del-2","American elm clone R18-2","bur oak","silver maple","Growth","soil","soil chemistry","soil microbial biomass","New York","Finger Lakes National Forest","Hector Ranger District","Schuyler County","Town of Hector"],"spatial":"-76.78080,42.51288,-76.74359,42.57534","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2026-0013","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2026-0013","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2026-02-05"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Spatial datasets of wildfire risk to forest carbon for the conterminous United States (30m) circa 2014 landscapes","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2026-0014","description":"Wildfire Risk to Forest Carbon provides information on two carbon risk metrics: 1) wildfire risk to total forest carbon, which includes the sum of the following pools: aboveground standing live and dead trees; litter and duff; coarse and fine woody debris; and shrub\/herb pools, and 2) wildfire risk to market carbon, which includes the sum of aboveground and belowground carbon in standing live and dead trees. Each carbon risk metric has four components: 1) initial carbon, 2) carbon retained following fire, 3) carbon emissions or carbon loss by fire intensity, and 4) the expected annual carbon retained, emitted, or lost. Emissions are defined here as the total loss of carbon from all forest pools as a result of wildfire, while loss is defined as the reduction in standing live and dead tree carbon as a result of wildfire. Each carbon risk metric component is provided as an individual georeferenced TIFF file (30 meter resolution) for the conterminous United States.\n\nThree national-level datasets were used to create products related to wildfire risk to total forest carbon and market carbon: 1) TreeMap, a CONUS-wide dataset of Forest Inventory and Analysis forest plot measurements that are imputed to spatially explicit LANDFIRE and biophysical datasets; 2) FuelMap, a dataset that complements TreeMap through the imputation of fuels data to the FIA plots in TreeMap for the subset of stands where fuels data are not collected; and 3) the annual burn probability and conditional fire intensity datasets produced using the Large Fire Simulator. FSim estimates were produced using LANDFIRE spatial data to model wildfire spread and intensity, resulting in fire probability datasets that are compatible for analysis with TreeMap and FuelMap. All three of these national-level datasets reflect landscape conditions circa 2014.\n\nTo estimate initial carbon, carbon retained post-fire, and carbon emitted and lost, TreeMap and FuelMap stand data were used in conjunction with the FIA database to create stand and tree list inputs for simulations in the Fire and Fuels Extension to the Forest Vegetation Simulator (FFE-FVS). Simulations included a no-fire and wildfire scenarios for six flame lengths, corresponding to the midpoint of 5 conditional fire intensity levels (FILs) and a 20-foot flame length for the final \u201cgreater-than\u201d conditional FIL category summarized by FSim. The six flame lengths are 1 foot (ft); 3 ft; 5 ft; 7 ft; 10 ft; and 20 ft. When fires are simulated in FFE-FVS, the program reports total fire emissions and carbon retained by pool for each stand. These outputs were linked back to the unique TreeMap IDs and mapped for the initial and conditional values. The expected annual values were then computed in conjunction with the FSim annual burn probability and conditional fire intensity probability layers.Geospatial quantification of wildfire risk to forest carbon can provide public and private land managers with information about how best to allocate limited budgets to mitigate risks to a valuable resource. Carbon market managers may use this information to inform risk tolerance for projects.For more details on how the expected annual values were computed, reference the Comparative Risk Assessment Framework for Wildland Fire Management (Calkin et al. 2011).\n\nFor more details on wildfire risk to carbon and for access to an interactive web application to visualize and extract small project areas from the datasets produced here, see the Wildfire Risk to Carbon website at https:\/\/www.wildfireriskcarbon.org\/.","keyword":["biota","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","environment","health","Fire","Fire effects on environment","Smoke","Natural Resource Management & Use","Conservation","Economics","Landscape management","Restoration","wildfire","forest carbon","wildfire risk","carbon markets","conterminous United States","CONUS"],"spatial":"-129.00000,22.80000,-65.30000,51.60000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2026-0014","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2026-0014","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2026-02-12"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Spatial datasets of wildfire risk to rangeland carbon for the conterminous United States (30m) circa 2014 and 2020 landscapes","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2026-0015","description":"Wildfire risk to rangeland carbon provides estimates of the total standing biomass and carbon in rangelands of the conterminous United States (CONUS) circa 2014 and 2020, as well as calculations of carbon emissions from wildfire and carbon remaining following wildfire. Rangelands are non-forested ecosystems including shrublands and grasslands, covering approximately 821 million acres of CONUS as of 2014, and 833 million acres as of 2020. We modeled standing biomass of rangelands through multiple steps. Shrub biomass was modeled from LANDFIRE (https:\/\/landfire.gov) data layers representing shrub cover, shrub height, and shrub type. Herbaceous biomass, including grasses and forbs, was calculated from Rangeland Analysis Platform (https:\/\/rangelands.app\/) data. Litter and duff were modeled using data from the Fuel Characteristic Classification System Fuelbeds dataset. Total rangeland biomass was then used in the First Order Fire Effects Model (FOFEM) to calculate standing carbon and biomass, carbon and biomass remaining following wildfire, and carbon emissions conditional upon wildfire occurring. By utilizing burn probability outputs from the Large Fire Simulator (FSim), carbon emissions conditional upon wildfire were converted to annual expected carbon emissions given burn probability (wildfire likelihood). Data are provided as individual georeferenced TIFF files, with values reported in tons per acre.Geospatial quantification of wildfire risk to rangeland carbon can provide public and private land managers with information about how best to allocate limited budgets to mitigate risks to a valuable resource. Carbon market managers may use this information to inform their required carbon buffer pool contributions.","keyword":["biota","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","environment","Climate change","Carbon","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Fire","Natural Resource Management & Use","wildfire risk","rangelands","conterminous United States"],"spatial":"-125.00000,24.50000,-66.90000,49.50000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2026-0015","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2026-0015","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2026-02-20"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"FuelMap 2020 and 2022: Imputed map of carbon stored in litter, duff, fine woody debris, and coarse woody debris for CONUS forests circa 2020 and 2022","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2026-0016","description":"FuelMap 2020 and 2022 are imputed maps of litter, duff, fine woody debris, and coarse woody debris loadings for the forests of the conterminous United States (CONUS) circa 2020 and 2022. In fire science, these strata are often referred to as \u201cfuel\u201d for wildland fire. FuelMap 2020 and 2022 are largely derived from TreeMap 2020 and 2022, which provide a tree-level model of CONUS forests. To create TreeMap, we assigned forest plot data measured by USDA Forest Service\u2019s Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program to a 30x30 meter (m) grid. Specifically, we used a random forests machine-learning algorithm to impute the most similar forest plots to a set of target rasters provided by Landscape Fire and Resource Management Planning Tools (LANDFIRE: https:\/\/landfire.gov) and Daymet (https:\/\/daymet.ornl.gov\/). Predictor variables for both the forest plots (reference data) and rasters (target data) consisted of percent forest cover, forest height, and vegetation type, as well as topography (slope, elevation, and aspect), location (latitude and longitude), 30-year biophysical variable normals from 1981-2010 (precipitation, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, snow water equivalent, shortwave radiation, vapor pressure, and vapor pressure deficit), and disturbance history (time since disturbance and disturbance type) for the landscape circa 2020 and 2022.\n\nFIA records downed woody material (DWM) in litter, duff, fine and coarse woody debris pools at some but not all of their forest plots. Thus, many of the FIA plots imputed (assigned) in TreeMap have DWM measurements attached to them. For pixels in TreeMap where the assigned FIA plot recorded DWM, we used the FIA plot assigned in TreeMap 2020 and 2022 in FuelMap 2020 and 2022. For pixels where FIA plots were assigned that did not have DWM measured, we ran a secondary imputation which included only FIA plots where DWM was measured to identify the most similar plot with DWM measured, and then we assigned that identified plot in the FuelMap 2020 and 2022.\n\nThe main outputs of this project are rasters at 30x30 m spatial resolution of the imputed FIA plot identifier. The plot identifier corresponds to a unique visit to a plot by an FIA field crew, and is also referred to as the plot control number (CN). Using the CN, we look up the loading in each of the carbon pools (in pounds per acre) in the DWM_COND_CALC table of the FIA DataMart and include a raster for each of the following measurements: 1) litter, 2) duff, 3) fine woody debris in the 1-hour (hr) size class (size less than 0.25 inches in diameter), 4) fine woody debris in the 10-hr size class (size from 0.25-1 inch in diameter), 5) fine woody debris in the 100-hr size class (size from 1-3 inches in diameter), 6) coarse woody debris in the 1000-hr size class (size greater than 3 inches in diameter), and 7) \u201ctotal carbon\u201d in the DWM strata produced by adding these six strata together. We present these data in GeoTIFF formats. The spatial extent is CONUS for landscape conditions circa 2020 and 2022. The carbon loadings for DWM are drawn from the FIA COND_DWM_CALC tables for the assigned plot CN for litter, duff, fine woody debris and coarse woody debris.The FuelMap provides spatial estimates of forest floor carbon at fine spatial resolution (30x30 m). These spatially contiguous estimates are needed for landscape-level analyses of forest biomass and carbon, as well as estimates of emissions from wildland fire. The FuelMap can be used in combination with the TreeMap to provide estimates of forest carbon that include both the trees and forest floor. The FuelMap is the first imputed dataset to partition forest floor carbon into different strata of which we are aware. FuelMap does not provide estimates of soil carbon or carbon stored in roots of trees, nor of carbon stored in understory shrubs or grasses.See the Entity and Attributes section for details regarding the relationship between the data files included in this publication and the FIA DataMart (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2001-FIADB). \n\t  \nFor additional information regarding TreeMap 2014, 2020, and 2022 see Riley et al. (2021a, 2021b), Riley et al. (2022), Riley et al. (2019), Zimmer et al. (2025), and Houtman et al. (2025).","keyword":["biota","environment","Climate change","Carbon","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Natural Resource Management & Use","Conservation","Ecosystem services","Forest management","Wilderness","Forest Inventory and Analysis","imputation","LANDFIRE","random forests","fuel data","conterminous United States","CONUS"],"spatial":"-128.97722,22.76862,-65.25445,51.64968","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2026-0016","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2026-0016","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2026-02-25"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Data inputs and outputs for wildfire suppression spending long-run projections, January 1992-December 2099","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2026-0017","description":"This data publication contains the Stata code as well as the historical data input and multiple modeling output files, provided as comma-separated values files, needed to replicate a study on the long-run projected suppression spending by the USDA Forest Service and the U.S. Department of the Interior to the end of the 21st century. Historical monthly input data apply to all national forests and grasslands managed by the Forest Service in the 50 states of the United States and for all lands managed or administered by the bureaus of the Department of the Interior by geographic regions for the 50 states of the United States, 1992-2020. Historical suppression spending data span 2005-2020 for the Forest Service and 2012-2020 for the bureaus of the Department of the Interior. Additional historical monthly climate data and historical data on measures of aggregate fuels, the number of housing units, and personal income are also provided. Future projections by ten scenarios of future climate are of monthly area burned, sums of the square root of area burned, and real (2022 U.S. dollars) suppression spending, by month and aggregated to federal fiscal years (October 1 to September 30), from 1999-2099. Model input and outputs are provided for 1) all 49 U.S. states, excluding Alaska, and 2) all 50 states, including Alaska.Data were assembled to examine the potential range of future federal spending on wildfire suppression, at the request of the White House Office of Management and Budget, with the latest effort concluded in 2024.For more information about these data, see Prestemon et al. (2026).","keyword":["economy","environment","Climate change","Environment and People","Fire","Fire suppression, pre-suppression","Natural Resource Management & Use","Economics","Forest management","suppression expenditures","wildfire area burned","climate","United States"],"spatial":"-160.80000,19.91000,-55.45000,75.44000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2026-0017","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2026-0017","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2026-04-07"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"30 years of litterflow biomass from the Bisley Experimental Watersheds in the Luquillo Experimental Forest","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2026-0018","description":"This data publication reports litterflow biomass or coarse particulate organic matter (CPOM) that was collected from two headwater streams in the Bisley Experimental Watersheds Bisley 1 (Q1) and Bisley 2 (Q2), within the R\u00edo Mameyes Watershed in the Luquillo Experimental Forest (LEF), also known as El Yunque National Forest, in northeast Puerto Rico. Leaf litter was collected every 2 weeks for over 30 years from July 1987 through December 2018 from 12.7\u00d712.7-millimeter metal mesh placed across the width of the channel in two of the study streams and captures all coarse material that travels downstream. All collected material was dried at 65\u00b0Celsius for at least 2 weeks and sorted as leaves, small wood (<2.5 centimeter diameter), large wood (>2.5 centimeter diameter), and miscellaneous parts (flowers, fruits, and other plant parts or unidentifiable organic material) and weighed. The data file includes the biweekly weights of each compartment (leaves, large wood, small wood, and miscellaneous). Throughout the study period, various largescale natural disturbances affected the region, from tropical storms and hurricanes to intense droughts.Data have been collected for long-term monitoring of leaf litter inputs to streams in a tropical forest to determine long-term patterns, forest functioning, and responses to disturbances such as storms, hurricanes, and droughts.For more information about these data, see Rodr\u00edguez-Cardona and Heartsill-Scalley (2026) as well as Heartsill-Scalley (2012).","keyword":["environment","inlandWaters","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Hydrology, watersheds, sedimentation","organic matter","coarse particulate organic matter","CPOM","drought","hurricane","leaf litter","tropical stream","Luquillo Experimental Forest","Puerto Rico","Bisley Experimental Watersheds"],"spatial":"-65.75000,18.30700,-65.74100,18.32200","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2026-0018","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2026-0018","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2026-05-20"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Ponderosa pine growth and yield measurements before and after mountain pine beetle attack on Black Hills Experimental Forest growing stock level plots","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2026-0019","description":"Clifford A. Myers conceived the ponderosa pine growing stock levels (GSL) study in 1961 and completed installation of the study in 1963 in western South Dakota on the Black Hills Experimental Forest (BHEF). The GSL concept was intended to help plan, implement, and illustrate tree thinning strategies in even-aged stands. A GSL is the suggested tree density (i.e., trees and basal area per acre) based on diameter at breast height (DBH) that can be tended to produce a desired basal area per acre (e.g., 80, 100, 120 square feet) when the mean DBH is 10 inches. This study includes a total of 42 plots. There were six plots thinned to represent each GSL of 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, and 120 and six other plots identified as controlled. Plots were measured approximately every five years from 1963 through 2010 and field measurements included data such as tree diameter, height, and crown length. Unfortunately, by 2014, mountain pine beetles killed trees in all of the plots and ended the study. This data publication includes the tabular field measurements and plot locations, as well as maps and plot photographs. A Microsoft Access database file that can be used with the Forest Vegetation Simulator (FVS) to obtain growth summaries and estimates is also provided.The purpose for the GSL study was to help plan, implement, and illustrate tree thinning strategies in even-aged stands of Ponderosa Pine.For more information about this study and these data, see Graham et al. (2019).","keyword":["biota","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Plant ecology","Forest & Plant Health","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","growing stock level","even-aged management","ponderosa pine","Black Hills Experimental Forest","South Dakota","Black Hills National Forest"],"spatial":"-103.65370,44.14390,-103.61900,44.17810","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2026-0019","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2026-0019","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2026-03-19"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Annual state-level Forest Inventory and Analysis database (FIADB) standard estimate tables","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2026-0020","description":"The nationwide forest inventory (NFI) of the USDA Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis program collects, analyzes, and reports information on the status, trends, and condition of America\u2019s forests: how much forest exists, where it exists, who owns it, and how it is changing, as well as how the trees and other forest vegetation are growing and how much has died or has been removed in recent years. This data publication includes the annual (2006-2024) standard state-level FIADB data tables for the northern region of the United States, which includes 24 states. Data for each state and year fall into the following categories: 1) area of land by status, area of forest and timberland; 2) number of live and growing stock trees; 3) volume of sound total-stem bark and wood, merchantable bole wood, and sawlog wood; 4) net growth, mortality, and removals of sound total-stem bark and wood, and merchantable bole wood; 5) aboveground biomass (weight) of live trees; 6) county-level data; 7) state-level changes; and 8) sampling errors. Data will vary slightly across states and years, with later years including additional data tables. Data from 2006-2015 are provided as Portable Document Format (PDF) files, and data from 2016-2024 are provided as Microsoft Excel (XLSX) spreadsheet files. All data files are self-explanatory and include complete details on data table contents, units, etc. In addition to the annual state-level data files, this package also includes additional documents, inventory reports, state-level images, and other information that might be helpful to understand the data.Data were collected as part of the USDA Forest Service NFI for the 24 states covered by the Northern Research Station FIA Program.Currently this package includes data for the northern region of the United States, but additional areas may be included at a later time. \n\t  \nTwo foundational references provide detailed documentation of these data: Westfall et al. (2022) and Gormanson et al. (2023).\n\t  \nVisit the National FIA program website (https:\/\/research.fs.usda.gov\/programs\/fia) for additional information.","keyword":["biota","environment","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Resource inventory","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Plant ecology","Forest Products","forest inventory","forest land trends","volume","sawtimber","growth","removals","mortality","northern United States","Connecticut","Delaware","Iowa","Illinois","Indiana","Kansas","Massachusetts","Maryland","Maine","Michigan","Minnesota","Missouri","North Dakota","Nebraska","New Hampshire","New Jersey","New York","Ohio","Pennsylvania","Rhode Island","South Dakota","Vermont","Wisconsin","West Virginia"],"spatial":"-104.5,36.00,-66.95,49.38","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2026-0020","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2026-0020","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2026-03-30"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Stephen Mather Wilderness, North Cascades National Park: Visitor survey data collected in 2024","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2026-0022","description":"In 1998, 94% of the North Cascades National Park Complex in Washington was designated as the Stephen Mather Wilderness (SMW) making it one of the largest wilderness areas in the continental United States. This 2024 study was conducted to help managers study visitor motivations, values and desired experiences for the purpose of wilderness stewardship planning. The survey was designed to provide a reference point for assessing current visitor perspectives, as well as long-term trends to support wilderness planning efforts in the SMW. Specifically, these data (n = 766) include both overnight and day users to the SMW, with insights into visitor characteristics including demographics, use patterns, primary trip planning sources, familiarity with Leave No Trace principles, and perspectives on congestion, crowding, wildlife, transportation and park infrastructure.This study was conducted to support North Cascades managers and planners in their recently initiated Wilderness Stewardship Planning effort. Specifically, the study evaluates current visitor motivations, values, and desired experiences, including knowledge about federally designated wilderness, behaviors, and perspectives on management actions within wilderness boundaries.","keyword":["boundaries","location","society","planningCadastre","Environment and People","Recreation","Quality of life","Social values, ethics","Wilderness stewardship planning","nature-based recreation","place attachment","visitor use management","visitor experience","Washington","North Cascade National Park","Stephen Mather Wilderness","Whatcom County","Skagit County","Chelan County"],"spatial":"-121.64010,48.36961,-120.63290,49.00026","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2026-0022","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2026-0022","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2026-03-30"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Random forest model map of log yards for the conterminous United States, 2019-2021","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2026-0023","description":"This data publication includes a vector digital map (shapefile) of 1,787 random forest model detected log yards across the conterminous United States (CONUS). The model was trained on National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP) embeddings from 2019 to 2021. This map contains point locations for the log yards which can be used to predict forest product mill locations.These data were generated to use as a predictor of forest product mill locations for repeat monitoring. These locations can be used to monitor trends in timber markets.For more information about this project and these data, see Ritz and Henderson (2026).\n      \nThis data package was published on 04\/10\/2026. Metadata updates on 05\/06\/2026 included adding complete citation for newly published article.","keyword":["economy","location","Forest Products","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Natural Resource Management & Use","Economics","log yards","random forest","conterminous United States","CONUS"],"spatial":"-124.30806,26.77483,-67.40943,48.92926","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2026-0023","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2026-0023","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2026-05-06"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Vegetation structure and composition of ecological succession stages and land uses in Puerto Rico","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2026-0024","description":"Raw data on vegetation structure and composition of floristic inventories that have been conducted in Puerto Rico from 2021 to 2025. A total of 130 inventory sites had their vegetation surveyed and assessed. Inventory sites comprise several ecological succession stages or vegetation community phases and land uses across the island, encompassing mature forests, restored forests, secondary forests, mangrove swamps, shrublands, pioneer vegetation, salt flats, abandoned tillage crops, managed grasslands, abandoned grasslands, and abandoned horticulture grounds. Data include tree inventories including tree diameter and heights, canopy cover, understory vegetation percent cover, along with detailed species information.These data were collected as part of an interagency agreement between USDA Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS) and USDA Forest Service. These data are intended to serve as a multi-purpose planning tool to support conservation, land-use management, and other apt practices to mitigate the effects of climate change.For more information regarding this study and these data, see Castro-Prieto and Gould (2020).","keyword":["biota","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","plants","flora","species","island","ecological succession stages","land uses","Puerto Rico","Caribbean"],"spatial":"-67.637,17.872,-65.187,18.525","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2026-0024","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2026-0024","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2026-04-13"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Diurnal dead fuel moisture content for selected Hawaiian fuels 1999-2001","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2026-0026","description":"Diurnal fuel moisture content and associated weather data were collected in support of fire danger work in Hawaii in 1999, 2000 and 2001. Locations included the islands of Hawaii, Kauai, Maui, and Oahu. The majority of the data are for dead fuels; live fuels were only sampled in 1999 at Pohakuloa Training Area on the island of Hawaii. Fuel types of concern from a fire danger perspective were identified by the Hawaii Division of Forestry and Wildlife, National Park Service and U.S Army Garrison - Hawaii. At each location hourly samples were collected over approximately 96 hours, except when the samples contained surface water from rain or fog. Fuels were primarily grasses with some foliage from exotic forest plantations. Approximately 1450 hours of observations are contained in the data. Data provided in this package include hourly fuel moisture data collected at 15 diurnal fuel moisture sampling sites from 1999-2001 as well as location and elevation information for each of these 15 sites. Hourly weather data collected by various Remote Automated Weather Station (RAWS) stations are also provided for each year from 1999-2001; however, stations and variables collected vary slightly across the years. Additional supplemental files are also included, such as the study plan, progress reports, sampling schedule, etc.The purpose of collection was to provide data to test the 1-hour fuel moisture model in the 1978 National Fire-Danger Rating System (NFDRS) and the Nelson dead fuel moisture model (Nelson 2000) in the humid, tropical environment of Hawaii.For more information about these data and this study, see Weise et al. (2005).","keyword":["fire behavior","moisture content","invasive grasses","fire danger","weather","biota","climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","elevation","location","environment","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Environment and People","Plant ecology","Fire","Fire suppression, pre-suppression","Forest & Plant Health","Hawaii","Kauai","Maui","Oahu","Polihale Ridge","Puu Ka Pele Forest Reserve","Makua Valley","Makua Military Reservation","Schofield Barracks","Kula","Kula Forest Reserve","McGregor Point","Kaena Point","Hawaii Volcanos National Park","Pohakuloa Training Area","PuuWaAwaa"],"spatial":"-161.0,18.5,-154.5,22.5","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2026-0026","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2026-0026","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2026-04-24"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Bioclimatic variables of conterminous USA from NASA NEX-DCP30-CMIP6 climate projections","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2026-0027","description":"We calculated a suite of bioclimatic variables from NASA NEX-DCP30-CMIP6 downscaled climate projections. The twenty bioclimate variables comprise monthly, seasonal and annual climate metrics that may be useful for predicting climate relationships to species physiology and biogeography. Bioclimatic variables were calculated from NEX-DCP30-CMIP6, which are 30 arc-second spatial resolution downscaled climate projections spanning the conterminous United States. Outputs from thirty global climate models (GCMs) simulating SSP2-45 and SSP5-85 scenarios were included in the bioclimatic variable calculations and this was repeated for three time periods: historical (1970-1999), mid-century (2035-2064) and late-century (2070-2099), adjusting for water years. The resulting data are available as TIF files, each containing 20 bands of bioclimatic variables. We also calculated bioclimatic variables from Parameter-elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model (PRISM) for the historical period (1970-1999) as a reference.We calculated the bioclimatic variables to study how climate refugia for plants may change over time under future climate projections.O'Donnell and Ignizio (2012) contains information regarding the bioclimatic variable calculations used in this study. For more information regarding NEX-DCP30-CMIP6, see Thrasher et al. (2024).","keyword":["climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere","biota","environment","Forest & Plant Health","Climate change","Climate change effects","Wildlife (or Fauna)","bioclimate","climate","downscaled","CMIP6","conterminous United States","CONUS"],"spatial":"-66,24,-125,50","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2026-0027","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2026-0027","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2026-04-27"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Plant-pollinator communities of upland forest and meadow habitats in the King Fire and surrounding unburned areas of the Eldorado National Forest in 2016 and 2017","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2026-0028","description":"This data publication contains pollinator and habitat data collected two and three years after the 2014 King Fire in the Eldorado National Forest in California. Sampled sites were located in roughly homogenous areas (approximately 200 square meters) and included three different burn severity classes: 1) unchanged (unburned), 2) low-moderate combined (where low = surface fire with little mortality of dominant vegetation and moderate = mix of surface fire with little mortality and more severe fire with some mortality of the dominant vegetation), and 3) high-severity fire (dominant vegetation has high to complete mortality). Two different habitat classes were observed: 1) upland and 2) meadow. A hierarchical sampling design was used, and 3\u20135 20-meter-radius circular plots were nested within sites of each particular burn-habitat class. This resulted in a total of 151 unique upland plots on 36 sites and 30 meadow plots within 6 sites in 2016 and 2017. Plots were visited two to three times between June and September of each year and surveyed for pollinators (bees, butterflies, and hummingbirds) and flowering plants with open inflorescences. In the 2017 survey, we shifted our focus to record all pollinators in timed surveys as they visited flowers within the plots. The resulting data include cover (%) and infloresence counts for plants in bloom, plot characteristics, counts of hummingbirds, bumble bees, butterflies (2016 only), and other insects (2017 only) that were visiting flowers in sample plots. A map of the area and example photos of different burn severities are also included.In this study, we examine the response in pollinator abundance to a large-scale, high-severity fire of the Sierra Nevada Mountains of California, USA, where human perturbations to the fire regime have led to an increase in frequency and size of high-severity fire. Specifically, we investigate the effect of burn severity and availability of floral resources in closed canopy (henceforth, upland) and open (henceforth, meadow) habitat. We expected that fire would increase pollinator abundance and diversity in upland habitat by increasing the availability of foraging and nesting resources, with moderate-severity upland habitat having higher pollinator abundance and diversity than high-severity upland. In contrast, we hypothesized that the abundance and diversity of pollinators in meadows was likely to decrease with increasing burn severity. Because pollinators are highly dependent on floral resources, we expected pollinator abundance and diversity to be positively associated with increasing floral abundance and richness regardless of habitat.For more information about this study and these data, see Tarbill et al. (2023) and Tarbill et al. (2024).","keyword":["biota","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Ecology","Plant ecology","Animal ecology","Fire","Fire ecology","Forest & Plant Health","Insects","Wildlife (or Fauna)","Invertebrates","Birds","Habitat management","pollinators","post-fire","hummingbirds","butterflies","bees","California","Eldorado National Forest"],"spatial":"-120.665874,38.796124,-120.302698,39.106377","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2026-0028","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2026-0028","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2026-04-30"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Historical background information for South Umpqua Experimental Forest research activities - Volume 1","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/EFR-2026-001","description":"This package includes historical documents such as letters, reports, notes, memorandums of understanding, research plans, etc. containing information related to South Umpqua Experimental Forest research activities dating from 1951 through 1983. South Umpqua Experimental Forest is located in the southwest Oregon Cascades.The South Umpqua Experimental Forest was originally intended to provide research opportunities in the mixed-evergreen forest type common in the Cascade Range of southern Oregon. The files included in this package were gathered to provide access to these important historical documents.For additional information related to the South Umpqua Experimental Forest and these historical documents, see Arthur (2007) and https:\/\/research.fs.usda.gov\/pnw\/forestsandranges\/locations\/southumpqua.","keyword":["farming","biota","boundaries","Forest Products","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","Landscape management","Range management & grazing","Timber","historical documents","logging","salvage","timber harvest","regeneration","big game and livestock","establishment report","cattle","condition class","water quality","South Umpqua Experimental Forest","Oregon","Umpqua National Forest"],"spatial":"-122.74,43.00,-122.70,43.03","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/EFR-2026-001","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/EFR-2026-001","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2026-05-01"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Response data for stream macroinvertebrate communities affected by forest harvesting in the Piedmont region of North Carolina","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2026-0029","description":"This data publication contains benthic species data collected in two pairs of watersheds in the Piedmont of North Carolina. We assessed the changes in macroinvertebrate communities and identified their relationships with specific hydrologic and water quality parameters. We used a paired watershed approach to quantify the response of watershed hydrology and water quality to clearcut forest harvesting with the use of forestry best management practices in the Hill Demonstration Forest and Umstead Research Farm in central North Carolina. We sampled macroinvertebrates in the first-order streams within riparian zones one year preharvest (2010) and four years postharvest (2011-2014).The objective of this study was to quantify the impacts of timber harvest on stream macroinvertebrates in the Piedmont region. This study provides a better understanding of how macroinvertebrate communities in Piedmont streams change after harvesting and what watershed characteristics may be driving these changes. This information is useful in characterizing macroinvertebrates in headwaters in the Piedmont and helps land managers protect aquatic resources across the region.For more information about this study and these data, see Barnett et al. (2023).","keyword":["biota","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Forest & Plant Health","clearcut harvest","benthos","forest management","water quality","best management practices","North Carolina"],"spatial":"-78.8667,36.2178,-78.8649,36.2210","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2026-0029","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2026-0029","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2026-05-01"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Greenhouse gas emissions and removals from forest land, woodlands, urban trees, and harvested wood products in the United States, 1990-2023: Estimates and quantitative uncertainty for individual states, regional ownerships, National Forests, and Tribal ownership","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2026-0031","description":"Estimates of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and removals from forest land, woodlands in the grassland category, and urban trees in settlements are compiled each year by U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service researchers and are based primarily on Nationwide Forest Inventory (NFI) data collected and maintained by the Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program within the USDA Forest Service. The estimates of GHG emissions and removals provided in this publication are based on the most recent annual compilation supporting National Forest System, state, and international reporting. These data include 1990 to 2023 estimates of carbon net flux and 1990 to 2024 estimates of carbon stocks and land use\/land use change area from the United States, American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Included in this data publication are 33 tables of estimates and 4 tables of quantitative uncertainties, which provide results for National totals and by individual states, regional ownerships, National Forests, and Tribal ownership.These estimates are being provided in this format to make them more accessible for use in sub-national reporting or further analysis.For information regarding the methods and models used in the compilation of estimates see U.S. EPA (2024, 2025).\n\nThe estimates in this data package should not be compared to estimates in previously published data packages. Following IPCC best practices, new data and any new methods developed are incorporated into compiling estimates for the entire time series of emissions and removals. Differences between these estimates and previously published estimates are normal.","keyword":["biota","environment","Climate change","Carbon","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Fire","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Resource inventory","Natural Resource Management & Use","Ecosystem services","greenhouse gas","emissions and removals","carbon stocks","carbon net flux","forest carbon","woodland carbon","land use","land use change","drained organic soils","settlement trees","United States","American Samoa","Guam","Northern Mariana Islands","Puerto Rico","U.S. Virgin Islands"],"spatial":"144.00000,-15.00000,-64.00000,72.00000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2026-0031","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2026-0031","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2026-05-07"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"Greenhouse gas emissions and removals from forest land and woodlands in the United States, 1990-2024: Estimates and quantitative uncertainty for individual states, regional ownerships, National Forests, and Tribal ownership","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2026-0032","description":"Estimates of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and removals from forest land, woodlands in the grassland category, and harvested wood products are compiled each year by U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service researchers and are based primarily on Nationwide Forest Inventory (NFI) data collected and maintained by the Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program within the USDA Forest Service. The estimates of GHG emissions and removals provided in this publication are based on the most recent annual compilation supporting National Forest System, state, and international reporting. These data include 1990 to 2024 estimates of carbon net flux and 1990 to 2025 estimates of carbon stocks and land use\/land use change area from the United States, American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Included in this data publication are 31 tables of estimates and 4 tables of quantitative uncertainties, which provide results for National totals and by individual states, regional ownerships, National Forests, and Tribal ownership.These estimates are being provided in this format to make them more accessible for use in sub-national reporting or further analysis.For more information about these data, see Domke et al. (in review). For information regarding the methods and models used in the compilation of estimates see U.S. EPA (2024).\n\nThe estimates in this data package should not be compared to estimates in previously published data packages. Following IPCC best practices, new data and any new methods developed are incorporated into compiling estimates for the entire time series of emissions and removals. Differences between these estimates and previously published estimates are normal.","keyword":["biota","environment","Climate change","Carbon","Ecology, Ecosystems, & Environment","Fire","Inventory, Monitoring, & Analysis","Monitoring","Resource inventory","Natural Resource Management & Use","Ecosystem services","greenhouse gas","emissions and removals","carbon stocks","carbon net flux","forest carbon","woodland carbon","land use","land use change","drained organic soils","United States","American Samoa","Guam","Northern Mariana Islands","Puerto Rico","U.S. Virgin Islands"],"spatial":"144.00000,-15.00000,-64.00000,72.00000","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2026-0032","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2026-0032","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2026-05-07"},{"accessLevel":"public","bureauCode":["005:96"],"programCode":["005:031"],"contactPoint":{"@type":"vcard:Contact","fn":"Laurie Porth","hasEmail":"mailto:laurie.s.porth@usda.gov"},"license":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/","publisher":{"name":"Forest Service Research Data Archive","subOrganizationOf":{"@type":"org:Organization","name":"U.S. Forest Service"}},"title":"California fire severity prediction maps by region","identifier":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2026-0034","description":"This data publication contains a spatial database of potential fire severity raster datasets for California, using data from 1984 to 2022. The data collection and raster production was conducted as part of the California Fire Severity Prediction Mapping Project which models fire severity across California by region: Klamath, North Coast, Northeast, North Sierra, East Sierra, South Sierra, South Coast and Central Coast. The California Fire Severity Project uses the Random Forest modeling platform to create two empirically based fire severity prediction (forecast) models for every pixel in each of the eight regions (16 total models) that are based on spatial, temporal, and environmental information. The non-reburn model produces fire severity potential estimates for areas that have not burned since 1984 while the reburn model estimates potential fire severity for landscapes that have burned at least once since 1984. Potential Fire Severity model output is classified into one of three classes based on the liklihood that a pixel within the area of interest will burn at low, moderate, or high severity when burned by future wildfire. Initially two maps are produced for each region, an initial fire severity potential map covers non-reburn landscapes (no fire since 1984), and a reburn fire severity potential map (areas have been burned at least once since 1984). The initial and reburn potential fire severity maps are merged into a single raster based map layer referred to as combined potential fire severity. This data package includes a geodatabase for each region in California, and within each geodatabase there are separate potential fire severity raster layers that for the initial non-reburn areas, reburned areas, and both the non-reburn and reburned areas combined. This package also includes the R scripts and Google Earth Engine scripts used to produce the fire severity rasters.The main goal of this project was to produce estimates of fire severity for all burnable landscapes within the state of California. Our maps provide reasonable estimates of potential vegetation mortality and post-fire landscape condition if burned during wildfire. Land managers can use these estimates to plan land management actions such as mechanical fuels treatments and prescribed fires to help mitigate the hazard and risk of future destructive wildfires.For more information about these data, see Taylor et al. (2021) and Drury et al. (in review).","keyword":["biota","environment","Fire","Fire ecology","Fire effects on environment","Natural Resource Management & Use","Forest management","fire severity","fire ecology","historical wildfire","California"],"spatial":"-124.53514,32.13301,-114.61978,42.00951","landingPage":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2026-0034","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","accessURL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2737\/RDS-2026-0034","format":"Web Page","mediaType":"text\/html"}],"modified":"2026-05-20"}]}