Jim Westfall
Research Forester
Forest Inventory & Analysis
3460 Industrial Drive
York, PA 17402
United States
York, PA 17402
United States
Current Research
Forest monitoring methods to assist in planning and implementation of scientifically-credible monitoring programs.Improving field work efficiency and data quality via quantitative analyses for forest inventory.
Research Interest
- Development of national-scale biomass models to provide consistent volume/carbon/biomass predictions to be applied to the FIA sample. Upon completion, this project will improve consistency, and advance analytical flexibility.
- Forest inventory planning and design - with particularly emphasis on tropical forests where inventory designs for temperate forests are not appropriate.
Why This Research Is Important
As the demand on forests as a source of bioenergy is expected to increase in the near future obtaining accurate estimates of tree biomass is paramount for making sound forest management, economic, and policy decisions.
Increasing accountability for managing resources in a sustainable manner has resulted in an emergent need for worldwide monitoring of status and trends of forest attributes. These monitoring efforts occur at various scales, from relatively small forest holdings to entire countries. Conducting research on monitoring methods and developing an integrated suite of tools will assist in planning and implementation of scientifically-credible monitoring programs.
Education
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, Ph.D., Forestry, 2001
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, M.S., Statistics, 2001
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, M.S., Forestry, 1998
- Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, B.S., Natural Resources, 1996
- SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry Ranger School, Wanakena, NY, A.A.S., Forest Technology, 1993
Professional Organizations
- Society of American Foresters (SAF), 2001 - Present
- Southern Mensurationists, 2005 - Present
- Northeastern Mensurationists Organization, 2004 - Present
Featured Publications
- Westfall, James A.; Lister, Andrew J.; Scott, Charles T.; Weber, Thomas A.. 2019. Double sampling for post-stratification in forest inventory
- Westfall, James A.; McRoberts, Ronald E.. 2017. An assessment of uncertainty in volume estimates for stands reconstructed from tree stump information
- Westfall, James A.; McWilliams, William H.. 2012. Detecting change in advance tree regeneration using forest inventory data: the implications of type II error
- Westfall, James A.. 2010. New Models for Predicting Diameter at Breast Height from Stump Dimensions
- Westfall, James A., ed... 2009. FIA national assessment of data quality for forest health indicators
- Westfall, James A.; Patterson, Paul L.. 2007. Measurement variability error for estimates of volume change
- Woodall, C.W.; Westfall, J.A.; Lutes, D.C.; Oswalt, S.N.. 2008. End-point diameter and total length coarse woody debris models for the United States
- Scott, Charles T.; Bechtold, William A.; Reams, Gregory A.; Smith, William D.; Westfall, James A.; Hansen, Mark H.; Moisen, Gretchen G.. 2005. Sample-based estimators used by the forest inventory and analysis national information management system
Other Publications
- Westfall, James A.; Hatfield, Mark A.; Sowers, Paul A.; O'Connell, Barbara M.. 2017. Site Index Models for Tree Species in the Northeastern United States
- Westfall, James A.. 2016. Strategies for the use of mixed-effects models in continuous forest inventories
- Goff, Thomas C.; Albright, Thomas A.; Butler, Brett J.; Crocker, Susan J.; Kurtz, Cassandra M.; Lister, Tonya W.; McWilliams, William H.; Morin, Randall S.; Nelson, Mark D.; Piva, Ronald J.; Riemann, Rachel ; Vickers, Lance ; Walters, Brian F.; Westfall, James A.; Woodall, Christopher W.. 2021. Missouri forests 2018: summary report
- Lister, Andrew J.; Andersen, Hans ; Frescino, Tracey ; Gatziolis, Demetrios ; Healey, Sean ; Heath, Linda S.; Liknes, Greg C.; McRoberts, Ronald ; Moisen, Gretchen G.; Nelson, Mark ; Riemann, Rachel ; Schleeweis, Karen ; Schroeder, Todd A.; Westfall, James ; Wilson, B. Tyler.. 2020. Use of Remote Sensing Data to Improve the Efficiency of National Forest Inventories: A Case Study from the United States National Forest Inventory
- Edgar, Christopher ; Nowak, David ; Majewsky, Mark ; Lister, Tonya ; Westfall, James ; Sonti, Nancy F.. 2021. Strategic National Urban Forest Inventory for the United States
- Coulston, John W.; Edgar, Christopher B.; Westfall, Jim; Taylor, Marcus E.. 2020. Estimation of Forest Disturbance from Retrospective Observations in a Broad-Scale Inventory
- Albright, Thomas A.; Butler, Brett J.; Crocker, Susan J.; Drobnack, Jason M.; Kurtz, Cassandra M.; McWilliams, William H.; Morin, Randall S.; Nelson, Mark D.; Riemann, Rachel ; Vickers, Lance A.; Walters, Brian F.; Westfall, James A.; Woodall, Christopher W.. 2020. New York Forests 2017
- Zhao, Dehai ; Bullock, Bronson P.; Montes, Cristian R.; Wang, Mingliang ; Westfall, James ; Coulston, John W.. 2020. Long-term dynamics of loblolly pine crown structure and aboveground net primary production as affected by site quality, planting density and cultural intensity
- Westfall, James A.; Sonti, Nancy F.; Wiemann, Michael C.; Eberhardt, Thomas L.; So, Chi-Leung. 2020. Urban tree specific gravity and ash content: A case study from Baltimore, Maryland USA
- Westfall, James A.; Nowak, David J.; Henning, Jason G.; Lister, Tonya W.; Edgar, Christopher B.; Majewsky, Mark A.; Sonti, Nancy F.. 2020. Crown width models for woody plant species growing in urban areas of the U.S.
- Frank, Jereme ; Weiskittel, Aaron ; Walker, David ; Westfall, James A.; Radtke, Philip J.; Affleck, David L.R.; Coulston, John ; MacFarlane, David W.. 2019. Gaps in available data for modeling tree biomass in the United States
- McWilliams, William H.; Westfall, James A.; Morin, Randall S.. 2019. What do pervasive ungulate browse impacts mean for forestry in New England and New York
- Coulston, John W.; Westfall, James A.; Wear, David N.; Edgar, Christopher B.; Prisley, Steven P.; Treiman, Thomas B.; Abt, Robert C.; Smith, W. Brad. 2018. Annual monitoring of US timber production: rationale and design
- McWilliams, William H.; Westfall, James A.; Brose, Patrick H.; Dey, Daniel C.; D'Amato, Anthony W.; Dickinson, Yvette L.; Fajvan, Mary Ann; Kenefic, Laura S.; Kern, Christel C.; Laustsen, Kenneth M.; Lehman, Shawn L.; Morin, Randall S.; Ristau, Todd E.; Royo, Alejandro A.; Stoltman, Andrew M.; Stout, Susan L.. 2018. Subcontinental-scale patterns of large-ungulate herbivory and synoptic review of restoration management implications for midwestern and northeastern forests
- Woodall, C.W. ; Westfall, J.A. ; D'Amato, A.W. ; Foster, J.R. ; Walters, B.F.. 2018. Decadal changes in tree range stability across forests of the eastern U.S.
- Westfall, James A.; McWilliams, William H.. 2017. Predicting tree-seedling height distributions using subcontinental-scale forest inventory data
- Westfall, James A.; Patterson, Paul L.; Edgar, Christopher B.. 2018. Integrating urban and national forest inventory data in support of rural-urban assessments
- Westfall, James A.; McRoberts, Ronald E.; Radtke, Philip J.; Weiskittel, Aaron R.. 2016. Effects of uncertainty in upper-stem diameter information on tree volume estimates
- McRoberts, Ronald E.; Westfall, James A.. 2016. Propagating uncertainty through individual tree volume model predictions to large-area volume estimates
- McRoberts, Ronald E.; Chen, Qi ; Domke, Grant M.; Ståhl, Göran ; Saarela, Svetlana ; Westfall, James A.. 2016. Hybrid estimators for mean aboveground carbon per unit area
- Russell, Matthew B.; Westfall, James A.; Woodall, Christopher W.. 2017. Modeling browse impacts on sapling and tree recruitment across forests in the northern United States
- Radtke, Philip; Walker, David; Frank, Jereme; Weiskittel, Aaron; DeYoung, Clara; MacFarlane, David; Domke, Grant; Woodall, Christopher; Coulston, John; Westfall, James. 2017. Improved accuracy of aboveground biomass and carbon estimates for live trees in forests of the eastern United States
- Gormanson, Dale D.; Pugh, Scott A.; Barnett, Charles J.; Miles, Patrick D.; Morin, Randall S.; Sowers, Paul A.; Westfall, James A.. 2018. Statistics and quality assurance for the Northern Research Station Forest Inventory and Analysis Program
- Lister, Tonya W.; Butler, Brett J.; Crocker, Susan J.; Kurtz, Cassandra M.; Lister, Andrew J.; Luppold, William G.; McWilliams, William H.; Miles, Patrick D.; Morin, Randall S.; Nelson, Mark D.; Piva, Ronald J.; Riemann, Rachel I.; Smith, James E.; Westfall, James A.; Widmann, Richard H.; Woodall, Christopher W.. 2017. Delaware Forests 2013
- Crocker, Susan J.; Butler, Brett J.; Kurtz, Cassandra M.; McWilliams, William H.; Miles, Patrick D.; Morin, Randall S.; Nelson, Mark D.; Riemann, Rachel I.; Smith, James E.; Westfall, James A.; Woodall, Christopher W.. 2017. Illinois Forests 2015
- Westfall, James A.. 2012. A comparison of above-ground dry-biomass estimators for trees in the Northeastern United States
- Pugh, Scott A.; Heym, Douglas C.; Butler, Brett J.; Haugen, David E.; Kurtz, Cassandra M.; McWilliams, William H.; Miles, Patrick D.; Morin, Randall S.; Nelson, Mark D.; Riemann, Rachel I.; Smith, James E.; Westfall, James A.; Woodall, Christopher W.. 2017. Michigan forests 2014
- McWilliams, William H.; Westfall, James A.; Brose, Patrick H.; Lehman, Shawn L.; Morin, Randall S.; Ristau, Todd E.; Royo, Alejandro A.; Stout, Susan L.. 2017. After 25 years, what does the Pennsylvania Regeneration Study tell us about oak/hickory forests under stress
- Gormanson, Dale D.; Pugh, Scott A.; Barnett, Charles J.; Miles, Patrick D.; Morin, Randall S.; Sowers, Paul A.; Westfall, Jim. 2017. Statistics and quality assurance for the Northern Research Station Forest Inventory and Analysis Program, 2016
- Gormanson, Dale D.; Gallion, Joey; Barnett, Charles J.; Butler, Brett J.; Crocker, Susan J.; Kurtz, Cassandra M.; Lister, Tonya W.; Luppold, William; McWilliams, William; Miles, Patrick D.; Morin, Randall S.; Nelson, Mark D.; O'Connell, Barbara; Perry, Charles H. (Hobie); Riemann, Rachel I.; Piva, Ronald J.; Smith, James E.; Sowers, Paul A.; Westfall, Jim; Woodall, Christopher W.. 2016. Indiana Forests 2013
- Morin, Randall S.; Cook, Gregory W.; Barnett, Charles J.; Butler, Brett J.; Crocker, Susan J.; Hatfield, Mark A.; Kurtz, Cassandra M.; Lister, Tonya W.; Luppold, William G.; McWilliams, William H.; Miles, Patrick D.; Nelson, Mark D.; Perry, Charles H. (Hobie); Piva, Ronald J.; Smith, James E.; Westfall, Jim; Widmann, Richard H.; Woodall, Christopher W.. 2016. West Virginia Forests 2013
- Miles, Patrick D.; VanderSchaaf, Curtis L.; Barnett, Charles; Butler, Brett J.; Crocker, Susan J.; Gormanson, Dale D.; Kurtz, Cassandra M.; Lister, Tonya W.; McWilliams, William H.; Morin, Randall S.; Nelson, Mark D.; Perry, Charles H. (Hobie); Riemann, Rachel I.; Smith, James E.; Walters, Brian F.; Westfall, Jim; Woodall, Christopher W.. 2016. Minnesota Forests 2013
- Nelson, Mark D.; Barnett, Charles J.; Brewer, Matt; Butler, Brett J.; Crocker, Susan J.; Domke, Grant M.; Gormanson, Dale D.; Kurtz, Cassandra M.; Lister, Tonya W.; Matthews, Stephen; McWilliams, William H.; Meneguzzo, Dacia M.; Miles, Patrick D.; Morin, Randall S.; Piva, Ronald J.; Riemann, Rachel; Smith, James E.; Walters, Brian F.; Westfall, Jim; Woodall, Christopher W.. 2016. Iowa Forests, 2013
- Henry, Matieu ; Réjou-Méchain, Maxime ; Jara, Miguel Cifuentes; Wayson, Craig ; Piotto, Daniel ; Westfall, James ; Fuentes, José María Michel; Guier, Federico Alice; Lombis, Héctor Castañeda; López, Edwin Castellanos; Lara, Ruby Cuenca; Rojas, Kelvin Cueva; Del Águila Pasquel, Jhon ; Montoya, Álvaro Duque; Vega, Javier Fernández; Galo, Abner Jiménez; López, Omar R.; Marklund, Lars Gunnar; Milla, Fabián ; de Jesús Návar Cahidez, José ; Malavassi, Edgar Ortiz; Pérez, Johnny ; Zea, Carla Ramírez; García, Luis Rangel; Pons, Rafael Rubilar; Sanquetta, Carlos ; Scott, Charles ; Zapata-Cuartas, Mauricio ; Saint-André, Laurent. 2015. An overview of existing and promising technologies for national forest monitoring
- Westfall, James. 2015. Spatial-scale considerations for a large-area forest inventory regression model
- Westfall, James A.. 2015. Selection of Forest Inventory Cycle Length Based on Growth Rate and Measurement Variability
- Weiskittel, Aaron R.; MacFarlane, David W.; Radtke, Philip J.; Affleck, David L.R.; Temesgen, Hailemariam; Woodall, Christopher W.; Westfall, James A.; Coulston, John W.. 2015. A call to improve methods for estimating tree biomass for regional and national assessments
- McWilliams, William H.; Westfall, James A.; Brose, Patrick H.; Dey, Daniel C.; Hatfield, Mark; Johnson, Katherine; Laustsen, Kenneth M.; Lehman, Shawn L.; Morin, Randall S.; Nelson, Mark D.; Ristau, Todd E.; Royo, Alejandro A.; Stout, Susan L.; Willard, Thomas; Woodall, Christopher W.. 2015. A regeneration indicator for Forest Inventory and Analysis: history, sampling, estimation, analytics, and potential use in the midwest and northeast United States
- Westfall, James A.; Scott, Charles T.. 2010. Taper models for commercial tree species in the northeastern United States
- Westfall, James A.; Scott, Charles T.. 2009. Monitoring state forest lands in standardization with a national forest inventory program
- McRoberts, Ronald E.; Westfall, James A.. 2014. Effects of uncertainty in model predictions of individual tree volume on large area volume estimates
- Westfall, James A.; Morin, Randall S.. 2013. A cover-based method to assess forest characteristics using inventory data and GIS
- McCaskill, George L.; McWilliams, William H.; Alerich, Carol A.; Butler, Brett J.; Crocker, Susan J.; Domke, Grant M.; Griffith, Doug; Kurtz, Cassandra M.; Lehman, Shawn; Lister, Tonya W.; Morin, Randall S.; Moser, W. Keith; Roth, Paul; Riemann, Rachel; Westfall, James A.. 2013. Pennsylvania's Forests, 2009
- Woodall, C.W.; Westfall, J.A.; Zhu, K.; Johnson, D.J.. 2013. Assessing the effect of snow/water obstructions on the measurement of tree seedlings in a large-scale temperate forest inventory
- Westfall, James A.; Woodall, Christopher W.; Hatfield, Mark A.. 2013. A statistical power analysis of woody carbon flux from forest inventory data
- Westfall, James A.; Pugh, Scott A.; Coulston, John W.. 2013. Conducting tests for statistically significant differences using forest inventory data
- Westfall, James A.; MacFarlane, David W.; Weiskittel, Aaron R.. 2012. Biomass measurement and modeling challenges for hardwood species in the northern region
- McWilliams, William H.; Canham, Charles D.; Morin, Randall S.; Johnson, Katherine; Roth, Paul; Westfall, James A.. 2012. Sampling forest regeneration across northern U.S. forests: filling a void in regeneration model input
- McWilliams, William H.; Morin, Randall S.; Johnson, Katherine; Moser, W. Keith; Westfall, James A.. 2012. Invasive plant monitoring for northern U.S. forests
- Westfall, James A.; Morin, Randall S.. 2012. Canopy cover estimates for individual tree attributes
- Woodall, C.W.; Zhu, K.; Westfall, J.A.; Oswalt, C.M.; D'Amato, A.W.; Walters, B.F.; Lintz, H.E.. 2013. Assessing the stability of tree ranges and influence of disturbance in eastern US forests
- McWilliams, Will; Lehman, Shawn; Roth, Paul; Westfall, Jim. 2012. Forest Service's Northern Research Station FIA launches 24-state study of forest regeneration
- Brown, John P.; Westfall, James A.. 2012. An evaluation of the properties of the variance estimator used by FIA
- Woodall, Christopher W.; Westfall, James A.. 2012. Curious or spurious correlations within a national-scale forest inventory
- Woodall, C.W.; Walters, B.F.; Westfall, J.A.. 2012. Tracking downed dead wood in forests over time: Development of a piece matching algorithm for line intercept sampling
- Domke, Grant M.; Woodall, Christopher W.; Smith, James E.; Westfall, James A.; McRoberts, Ronald E.. 2012. Consequences of alternative tree-level biomass estimation procedures on U.S. forest carbon stock estimates
- Woodall, Christopher W.; Perry, Charles H.; Westfall, James A.. 2012. An empirical assessment of forest floor carbon stock components across the United States
- Woodall, C.J.; Nowak, D.J.; Liknes, G.C.; Westfall, J.A.. 2010. Assessing the potential for urban trees to facilitate forest tree migration in the eastern United States
- Woodall, C.W.; Oswalt, C.M.; Westfall, J.A.; Perry, C.H.; Nelson, M.D.; Finley, A.O.. 2010. Selecting tree species for testing climate change migration hypotheses using forest inventory data
- Woodall, C.W.; Westfall, J.A.. 2009. Relationships between the stocking levels of live trees and dead tree attributes in forests of the United States
- Woodall, Christopher W.; Oswalt, Christopher M.; Westfall, James A.; Perry, Charles H.; Nelson, Mark N.. 2009. Tree migration detection through comparisons of historic and current forest inventories
- Woodall, Christopher; Westfall, James. 2009. Can live tree size-density relationships provide a mechanism for predicting down and dead tree resources
- Martin, Maria E. Blanco; Hoppus, Michael; Lister, Andrew; Westfall, James A.. 2009. Is there a better metric than site index to indicate the productivity of forested lands
- Westfall, James A.; Frieswyk, Thomas; Griffith, Douglas M.. 2009. Implementing the measurement interval midpoint method for change estimation
- Woodall, Christopher W.; Westfall, James A.. 2007. Improving coarse woody debris measurements: a taper-based technique
- Westfall, James A.. 2009. Effects of plot size on forest-type algorithm accuracy
- Westfall, James A.. 2008. Differences in Computed Individual-Tree Volumes Caused by Differences in Field Measurements
- Woodall, C.W.; Oswalt, C.M.; Westfall, J.A.; Perry, C.H.; Nelson, M.D.; Finley, A.O.. 2009. An indicator of tree migration in forests of the eastern United States
- Baldwin, V. Clark, Jr..; Burkhart, Harold E.; Westfall, James A.; Peterson, Kelly D.. 2001. Linking growth and yield and process models to estimate impact of environmental changes on growth of loblolly pine
- Pollard, James E.; Westfall, James A.; Patterson, Paul L.; Gartner, David L.; Hansen, Mark; Kuegler, Olaf. 2006. Forest Inventory and Analysis National Data Quality Assessment Report for 2000 to 2003
- Westfall, J.A.; Woodall, C.W.. 2007. Measurement repeatability of a large-scale inventory of forest fuels
- McWilliams, William H.; Cassell, Seth P.; Alerich, Carol L.; Butler, Brett J.; Hoppus, Michael L.; Horsley, Stephen B.; Lister, Andrew J.; Lister, Tonya W.; Morin, Randall S.; Perry, Charles H.; Westfall, James A.; Wharton, Eric H.; Woodall, Christopher W.. 2007. Pennsylvania's Forest 2004
- McWilliams, William H.; Butler, Brett J.; Caldwell, Laurence E.; Griffith, Douglas M.; Hoppus, Michael L.; Laustsen, Kenneth M.; Lister, Andrew J.; Lister, Tonya W.; Metzler, Jacob W.; Morin, Randall S.; Sader, Steven A.; Stewart, Lucretia B.; Steinman, James R.; Westfall, James, A.; Williams, David A.; Whitman, Andrew; Woodall, Christopher W.; Woodall, Christopher W.. 2005. The forests of Maine: 2003
- Westfall, James A.; Burkhart, Harold E.; Allen, H. Lee. 2004. Young stand growth modeling for intensively-managed loblolly pine plantations in Southeastern U.S.
- Arner, Stanford L.; Westfall, James A.; Scott, Charles T.. 2004. Comparison of annual inventory designs using forest inventory and analysis data
- McWilliams, William H.; Bowersox, Todd W.; Brose, Patrick H.; Devlin, Daniel A.; Finley, James C.; Horsley, Steve; Gottschalk, Kurt W.; Lister, Tonya W.; McCormick, Larry H.; Miller, Gary W.; Steiner, Kim C.; Stout, Susan L.; Westfall, James A.; White, Robert L.. 2004. Indicators of regenerative capacity for eastern hardwood forests
- McWilliams, William H.; Alerich, Carol A.; Devlin, Daniel A.; Lister, Andrew J.; Lister, Tonya W.; Sterner, Stephen L.; Westfall, James A.. 2004. Annual inventory report for Pennsylvania's forests: results from the first three years
- McWilliams, William H.; Alerich, Carol A.; Devlin, Daniel A.; Lister, Tonya W.; Sterner, Stephen L.; Westfall, James A.. 2002. Annual inventory report for Pennsylvania's forests: results from the first two years.
- Westfall, James A.. 2006. Predicting past and future diameter growth for trees in the northeastern United States
- Westfall, James A.; Hoppus, Michael. 2005. Sensitivity of FIA Volume Estimates to Changes in Stratum Weights and Number of Strata
- Lister, Andrew; Riemann, Rachel; Westfall, James; Hoppus, Mike. 2005. Variable Selection Strategies for Small-area Estimation Using FIA Plots and Remotely Sensed Data
- McWilliams, William H.; Bowersox, Todd W.; Brose, Patrick H.; Devlin, Daniel A.; Finley, James C.; Gottschalk, Kurt W.; Horsley, Steve; King, Susan L.; LaPoint, Brian M.; Lister, Tonya W.; McCormick, Larry H.; Miller, Gary W.; Scott, Charles T.; Steele, Harry; Steiner, Kim C.; Stout, Susan L.; Westfall, James A.; White , Robert L.. 2005. Measuring Tree Seedlings and Associated Understory Vegetation in Pennsylvania's Forests
- Pollard, James E.; Westfall, James A.; Patterson, Paul A.; Gartner, David L.. 2005. FIA Quality Assurance Program: Evaluation of a Tree Matching Algorithm for Paired Forest Inventory Data
- Westfall, James A.; Scott, Charles T.. 2005. Northeastern FIA Tree Taper Study: Current Status and Future Work
- Westfall, James A.. 2006. Modifying Taper-Derived Merchantable Height Estimates to Account for Tree Characteristics
- Walker, Wayne S.; Kellndorfer, Josef M.; LaPoint, Elizabeth; Hoppus, Michael; Westfall, James. 2007. An empirical InSAR-optical fusion approach to mapping vegetation canopy height
- Westfall, James A.; Laustsen, Kenneth M.. 2006. A merchantable and total height model for tree species in Maine
- McWilliams, William H.; Bowersox, Todd W.; Brose, Patrick H.; Devlin, Daniel A.; Finley, James C.; Horsley, Steve; Gottschalk, Kurt W.; King, Susan L.; Lister, Tonya W.; McCormick, Larry H.; Miller, Gary W.; Scott, Charles T.; Steiner, Kim C.; Stout, Susan L.; Westfall, James A.; White, Robert L.. 2003. Indicators of regenerative capacity for native broadleaf forests: a case study of ungulate overpopulation in the Eastern United States
- Woodall, C.W.; Westfall, J.A.. 2008. Controlling coarse woody debris inventory quality: taper and relative size methods
Research Highlights
Young Forest Habitat Health Studied in Northeast and Midwest
Year: 2015
Young growth is becoming the new old growth! Early succession forests in the U.S. Northeast and Midwest now account for only 8 percent of total forests, becoming rare like old growth is in the West. Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis scientists have begun studying many aspects of early-su...