Stan Lebow
Durability and Wood Protection Research
One Gifford Pinchot Drive
Madison, WI 53726
United States
Madison, WI 53726
United States
Research Interest
- Accelerated methods for predicting performance of durable wood products
- Evaluating and minimizing environmental impacts of preservative treated wood
- Methods of applying preservatives to wood
- New approaches to wood protection
Education
- Oregon State University, Ph.D., Forest Products, 1992
- Oregon State University, M.S., Forest Products, 1986
- Oregon State University, B.S., Forest Products, 1983
Professional Organizations
- Member, American Wood Protection Association, Current
- Member, Forest Products Society (FPS), Current
- Member, Society of Wood Science and Technology (SWST), Current
- Member, International Research Group on Wood Protection, Current
Featured Publications
- Lebow, Stan; Kirker, Grant; White, Robert; Amburgey, Terry; Barnes, H. Michael; Sanders, Michael; Morrell, Jeff. 2012. Guide for In-Place Treatment of Covered and Timber Bridges
- Woodward, Bessie M.; Hatfield, Cherilyn A.; Lebow, Stan T.. 2011. Comparison of wood preservatives in stake tests : 2011 progress report
- Lebow, Stan T.; Lebow, Patricia K.; Halverson, Steven A.. 2010. Penetration of boron from topically applied borate solutions
- Lebow, Stan; Foster, Daniel. 2010. Soil and sediment concentrations of chromium, copper, and arsenic adjacent to a chromated copper arsenate-treated wetland boardwalk
- Lebow, Stan T.. 2010. Wood preservation
Other Publications
- Mankowski, Mark , E. .; Konkler, Matthew; Bell, Craig; Kirker, Grant T.; Lebow, Stan; Morrell, Jeffery; Renfroe, James. 2021. Double duty: Boron rods as a simple, low capital alternative for dual treatment of ties and timbers
- Ruppitsch, Wolfgang ; Lebow, Stan ; Lebow, Patricia ; Taylor, Adam. 2021. Role of Tyloses in the Durability of Chestnut Oak
- Kirker, Grant T.; Lebow, Stan. 2021. Wood preservatives
- Arango, Rachel; Lebow, Stan; Glaeser, Jessie A.. 2021. Biodeterioration of wood
- Kirker, Grant T.; Bishell, Amy ; Cappellazzi, Jed ; Palmer, Jonathan ; Bechle, Nathan ; Lebow, Patricia ; Lebow, Stan. 2020. Role of leaf litter in above-ground wood decay
- Lebow, Stan T.; Ohno, Katie M.; Lebow, Patricia K.; West, Michael. 2020. Efficacy of alternative copper-based preservatives in protecting decking from biodegradation
- Arango, Rachel ; Yang, Vina ; Lebow, Stan ; Lebow, Patricia ; Wiemann, Mike ; Grejczyk, Megan ; DeWald, Patrick. 2020. Variation in mold susceptibility among hardwood species under laboratory conditions
- Young, Timothy M.; Lebow, Patricia K.; Lebow, Stan ; Taylor, Adam. 2020. Statistical process control and related methods for improvement of the treated-wood industries
- Lebow, S ; Lebow, P ; Hirth, K C.. 2019. Laboratory immersion method for accelerated prediction of preservative leaching from pressure-treated wood exposed to precipitation
- Young, Timothy M.; Lebow, Patricia K.; Lebow, Stan ; Taylor, Adam. 2019. SPC handbook for the treated wood industries
- Mankowski, Mark; Kirker, Grant ; Lebow, Stan ; Renfroe, James ; Morrell, Jeffrey J.. 2019. The use of boron rods as a boron source for dual treated timber
- Lebow, Stan; Tang, Juliet; Kirker, Grant T.; Mankowski, Mark , E. .. 2019. Guidelines for the selection and use of pressure-treated wood
- Lebow, Stan T.; Arango, Rachel A.; Lebow, Patricia K.; Kirker, Grant T.; Mankowski, Mark E., E. .; Halverson, Steven A.. 2018. Northeastern United States species treated with copper-based preservatives: Durability in mississippi stake tests
- Kirker, Grant ; Bishell, Amy ; Lebow, Stan. 2018. Above and in-ground performance of naturally-durable woods in Wisconsin
- Mankowski, Mark E., E. .; Lebow, Stan ; Kirker, Grant. 2018. Incising and site effects on long-term durability of pressure-treated refractory wood species
- Wang, J.Y. ; Stirling, R. ; Morris, Paul I; Taylor, A. ; Lloyed, J. ; Kirker, G. ; Lebow, S. ; Mankowski, M.E.. 2018. Durability of mass timber structures: a review of the biological risks
- Lebow, Stan T.; Lebow, Patricia K.. 2018. Internal moisture content and temperature of standardized aboveground wood durability test specimens
- Lebow, Stan T.. 2018. Protecting log homes from decay and insects
- Konkler, Matthew J.; Newbill, Mark A.; Lebow, Stan; Morrell, Jeffrey J.. 2017. Performance of two solid fumigants in covered bridges
- Lebow, Stan T.; Lebow, Patricia K.; Hirth, Kolby C.. 2017. Technical Note: Comparison of accelerated methods for evaluating leaching from preservative-treated wood
- Senalik, C. Adam; Ross, Robert J.; Zelinka, Samuel L.; Lebow, Stan T.; Cai, Zhiyong. 2017. Accelerated aging of preservative-treated structural plywood
- Lebow, Stan T.; Zelinka, Samuel L.; Arango, Rachel A.; Woodward, Bessie M.; Lebow, Patricia K.; Ohno, Katie M.; Chotlos, Nathaniel P.. 2017. Evaluation of nonpressure wood preservatives for military applications
- Mankowski, Mark E., E. .; Lebow, Stan; Kirker, Grant; Gjovik, Lee. 2017. Long term durability of solid heartwood stakes treated with ACA or CCA
- Lebow, Stan T.; Lebow, Patricia K.; Kirker, Grant T.. 2017. Comparison of performance criteria for evaluating stake test data
- Lebow, Patricia K.; Young, Timothy M.; Lebow, Stan. 2017. Statistical process control for residential treated wood
- Love, Connie S.; Meza, Luis ; Morrell, Jeffrey J.; Lebow, Stan T.; Matt, Frederick. 2017. Effect of landfill burial on condition of wood: preliminary tests
- Arango, Rachel A.; Woodward, Bessie; Lebow, Stan. 2016. Evaluating the effects of post dip-treatment laser marking on resistance to feeding by subterranean termites
- Kirker, Grant T.; Lebow, Stan L.; Mankowski, Mark E., E. .. 2016. Comprehensive overview of FPL field testing conducted in the tropics (1945-2005)
- Anthony, Ronald W.; Lebow, Stan T.. 2015. Wood preservatives and pressure-treated wood: considerations for historic-preservation projects
- Lebow, Stan; Lebow, Patricia. 2015. Use of a Resistance-type Moisture Meter above the Fiber Saturation Point
- Lebow, Stan T.; Lebow, Patricia; Woodward, Bessie; Kirker, Grant T.; Arango, Rachel. 2015. Fifty-Year Durability Evaluation of Posts Treated with Industrial Wood Preservatives
- Lebow, S. T.; Halverson, S. A.. 2015. Performance of Northeastern United States wood species treated with copper based preservatives: 10 year above-ground decking evaluation
- Zelinka, Samuel L.; Lebow, Stan. 2015. Corrosion of Wires on Wooden Wire-Bound Packaging Crates
- Lebow, Stan; Woodward, Bessie; Lebow, Patricia. 2014. Documenting the Durability and Service Life of Pressure-treated Wood
- Lebow, Stan; Morrell, Jeff. 2014. In-Place Preservative Treatments for Covered Bridges
- Clausen, Carol A.; White, Robert H.; Wacker, James P.; Lebow, Stan T.; Dietenberger, Mark A.; Zelinka, Samuel L.; Stark, Nicole M.. 2014. Laboratory investigation of fire protection coatings for creosote-treated timber railroad bridges
- Lebow, Stan T.; Ross, Robert J.; Zelinka, Samuel L.. 2014. Evaluation of Wood Species and Preservatives for Use in Wisconsin Highway Sign Posts
- Clausen, Carol A; Green III, Frederick; Kirker, Grant T.; Lebow, Stan T.. 2014. Wood Protection Research Council: Research Priorities 2013
- Lebow, Stan. 2014. Effect of precipitation pattern on leaching of preservative from treated wood and implications for accelerated testing
- Lebow, Stan T.. 2014. Chapter 14: Evaluating the Leaching of Biocides from Preservative-Treated Wood Products
- Lebow, Stan; Woodward, Bessie; Abbott, Bill; West, Mike. 2014. Synergy and Diffusion with a Borax-Copper Hydroxide Groundline Preservative: 20 Year Update
- Kartal, Saip Nami; Terzi, Evren; Woodward, Bessie; Clausen, Carol A.; Lebow, Stan T.. 2013. Chemical remediation of wood treated with micronised, nano or soluble copper preservatives
- Lebow, Patricia K.; Lebow, Stan T.; Halverson, Steven A.. 2013. Boron Diffusion in Surface-Treated Framing Lumber
- Kirker, G.T.; Blodgett, A.B.; Lebow, S.; Clausen, C.A.. 2013. Transferable Durability: Enhancing decay resistance of non-durable species with extractives from durable wood species
- Kartal, S. Nami; Terzi, Evren; Woodward, Bessie; Clausen, Carol A.; Lebow, Stan T.. 2013. Removal of nano- and micronized-copper from treated wood by chelating agents
- Lebow, Stan; Woodward, Bessie; Kirker, Grant; Lebow, Patricia. 2013. Long-Term Durability of Pressure-Treated Wood in a Severe Test Site
- Kirker, Grant T.; Clausen, Carol A.; Blodgett, A. B; Lebow, Stan T.. 2013. Evaluating Naturally Durable Wood Species for Repair and Rehabilitation of Above-Ground Components of Covered Bridges
- Lebow, Stan; Woodward, Bessie; Halverson, Steven; West, Michael. 2012. Field tests of the efficacy of zinc and fatty amine in preventing colonization by copper-tolerant fungi
- Kirker, G.T.; Blodgett, A.B.; Lebow, S.T.; Clausen, C.A.. 2012. Above Ground Field Evaluation and GC-MS Analysis of Naturally Durable Wood Species
- Ibach, Rebecca; Lebow, Stan T.. 2012. Wood preservative testing
- Eberhardt, Thomas L.; Lebow, Stan; Reed, Karen G.. 2012. Partial dissolution of ACQ-treated wood in lithium chloride/N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone: Separation of copper from potential lignocellulosic feedstocks
- Lebow, Stan; Anthony, Ronald W.. 2012. Guide for Use of Wood Preservatives in Historic Structures
- Kirker, Grant T.; Glaeser, Jessie; Lebow, Stan T.; Green III, Frederick; Clausen, Carol A.. 2011. Physical deterioration of preservative treated poles and pilings exposed to salt water
- Lebow, Stan; Wacker, James. 2011. Common questions and concerns from government users of industrial treated wood products
- Kirker, G.T.; Blodgett, A.B.; Lebow, S.T.; Clausen, C.A.. 2011. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of extractives of naturally durable wood
- Hayward, Dennis; Lebow, Stan T.; Brooks, Kenneth M.. 2011. Methods for Mitigating the Environmental Risks Associated with Wood Preservatives
- Clausen, Carol A.; Lebow, Stan T.. 2011. Reuse and Disposal
- Halverson, Steve; Lebow, Stan. 2011. Observed relationships between wood density and solution uptake during pressure treatment
- Lebow, Stan; Woodward, Bessie; Lebow, Patricia; Clausen, Carol. 2010. The need for performance criteria in evaluating the durability of wood products
- Lebow, Patricia K.; Lebow, Stan T.; Nelson, William J.. 2010. Effect of treatment pressure on treatment quality and bending properties of red pine lumber
- Lebow, Stan T.; Hatfield, Cherilyn A.; Woodward, Bessie. 2010. Long-term durability of CCA and ACA : how is 0.4 doing?
- Green, Frederick; Arango, Rachel A.; Lebow, Stan T.. 2010. Field testing of the experimental wood preservative N'N-naphtaloylhydroxylamine : five and eight years results
- Fu, Qirong; Argyropolous, Dimitris; Lucia, Lucian; Tilotta, David; Lebow, Stan. 2009. Chemical yields from low-temperature pyrolysis of CCA-treated wood
- Lebow, Stan T.; Lebow, Patricia K.; Woodward, Bessie M.; Halverson, Steven A.; Abbott, William; West, Michael M.. 2009. Efficacy of a borax-copper preservative in exposed applications
- Bigelow, Jake; Lebow, Stan; Clausen, Carol A.; Greimann, Lowell; Wipf, Terry J.. 2009. Preservation treatment for wood bridge application
- Humphries, Matt; Lebow, Stan; Moses, David. 2009. Wood preservatives : choosing the right one
- So, Chi-Leung; Lebow, Stan T.; Eberhardt, Thomas L.; Groom, Leslie H.; Shupe, Todd F.. 2009. Application of near-infrared spectroscopy to preservative-treated wood
- Lebow, Stan T.; Highley, Terry. 2008. Regional biodeterioration hazards in the United States
- Lebow, Stan; Lebow, Patricia; Foster, Daniel. 2008. Estimating preservative release from treated wood exposed to precipitation
- Lebow, Stan; Halverson, Steven. 2008. Comparison of methods for evaluating ground-contact copper preservative depletion
- Lebow, Stan; Woodward, Bessie; Lebow, Patricia. 2008. Observations on the predictive value of short-term stake tests
- Shupe, Todd; Lebow, Stan; Ring, Dennis. 2008. Causes and control of wood decay, degradation & stain
- Lebow, Stan T.; White, Robert H.. 2007. Durability of wood in construction
- Bigelow, Jake J.; Clausen, Carol A.; Lebow, Stan T.; Greimann, Lowell. 2007. Field evaluation of timber preservation treatments for highway applications
- Lebow, Stan; Lebow, Patricia. 2007. The role of moisture content in above-ground leaching
- Lebow, Stan T.; Woodward, Bessie; Lebow, Patricia K.. 2007. Ground-contact durability of wood treated with borax-copper preservative
- Lebow, Stan. 2007. Preservative treatments for building components
- Lebow, Stan. 2007. A primer on wood as dock construction material
- Lebow, Patricia; Ziobro, Richard; Sites, Linda; Schultz, Tor; Pettry, David; Nicholas, Darrel; Lebow, Stan; Kamdem, Pascal; Fox, Roger; Crawford, Douglas. 2006. Statistical analysis of influence of soil source on leaching of arsenic and copper from CCA-C treated wood
- Groenier, James (Scott); Lebow, Stan. 2006. Preservative-treated wood and alternative products in the Forest Service
- Archer, Kevin; Lebow, Stan. 2006. Wood preservation
- Lebow, Stan; Shupe, Todd; Woodward, Bessie; Crawford, Douglas; Via, Brian; Hatfield, Cherilyn. 2006. Formosan and native subterranean termite attack of pressure-treated SPF wood species exposed in Louisiana
- Lebow, Stan T.; Cooper, Paul A.; Lebow, Patricia. 2006. Study design considerations in evaluating environmental impacts
- Lebow, Stan; Hatfield, Cherilyn; Halverson, Steve. 2006. Effect of source, drying method and treatment schedule on treatability of red pine
- So, Chi-Leung; Eberhardt, Thomas L.; Lebow, Stan T.; Groom, Leslie H.. 2006. A preliminary study of preservative retention and penetration in ACQ-treated timbers using near infrared spectroscopy
- Green, David W.; White, Robert H.; TenWolde, Antoni; Simpson, William; Murphy, Joseph; Ross, Robert J.; Hernandez, Roland; Lebow, Stan T.. 2006. Wood
- Morrell, Jeffrey J.; Lebow, Stan T.. 2005. Initial preservative treatment of wood in covered bridges
- Kang, Sung-Mo; Morrell, Jeffrey J.; Simonsen, John; Lebow, Stan. 2005. Creosote movement from treated wood immersed in fresh water
- Lebow, Stan T.; Halverson, Steven A.; Hatfield, Cherilyn A.. 2005. Treatability of underutilized northeastern species with CCA and alternative wood preservatives
- Crawford, Douglas; Lebow, Stan; West, Mike; Abbott, Bill. 2005. Permanence and diffusion of borax-copper hydroxide remedial preservative applied to unseasoned pine posts : 10 year update
- Lebow, Stan T.; Foster, Daniel. 2005. Environmental concentrations of copper, chromium, and arsenic released from a chromated-copper-arsenate-(CCA-C-) treated wetland boardwalk
- Lebow, Stan; Woodward, Bessie; Crawford, Douglas; Abbott, William. 2005. Resistance of borax–copper treated wood in aboveground exposure to attack by Formosan subterranean termites
- Kartal, S. Nami; Dorau, Ben F.; Lebow, Stan T.; Green, Frederick III. 2004. Effects of inorganic ions on leachability of wood preserving N'N-hydroxynapthalimide (NHA).
- Lebow, Stan; Foster, Daniel; Lebow, Patricia. 2004. Rate of CCA leaching from commercially treated decking.
- Lebow, Stan; Cooper, Paul; Lebow, Patricia. 2004. Variability in evaluating environmental impacts of treated wood.
- Lebow, Stan T.. 2004. Alternatives to chromated copper arsenate for residential construction
- Lebow, Stan T.; Cooper, Paul; Lebow, Patricia K.. 2004. Variability in evaluating environmental impacts of treated wood.
- So, Chi-Leung; Lebow, Stan T.; Groom, Leslie H.; Rials, Timothy G.. 2004. The application of near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to inorganic preservative-treated wood
- Lebow, Stan; Winandy, Jerrold; Bender, Donald. 2004. Treated wood in transition : a look at CCA and the candidates to replace it
- So, Chi-Leung; Lebow, Stan T.; Groom, Leslie H.; Rials, Timothy G.. 2004. The application of near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to inorganic preservative-treated wood
- Schultz, Tor P.; Nicholas, Darrel D.; Lebow, Stan. 2003. Migration of iron and manganese into CCA-treated wood in soil contact and the resulting error in leaching results when using energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectrometers
- Lebow, Stan; Williams, R. Sam; Lebow, Patricia. 2003. Effect of simulated rainfall and weathering on release of preservative elements from CCA treated wood
- Lebow, Stan; Hatfield, Cherilyn; Crawford, Douglas; Woodward, Bessie. 2003. Long-term stake evaluations of waterborne copper systems
- So, Chi-Leung; Lebow, Stan T.; Groom, Leslie H.; Shupe, Todd F.. 2003. An evaluation of the use of near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to identify water and oil-borne preservatives
- Williams, R. Sam; Lebow, Stan; Lebow, Patricia. 2003. Effect of weathering on chromated copper arsenate (CCA) treated wood : leaching of metal salts and change in water repellency
- Lebow, Stan; Winandy, Jerrold; Bender, Donald. 2003. Treated wood in transition : a look at CCA and the candidates to replace it
- Crawford, Doug; Fox, Roger; Kamden, Pascal; Lebow, Stan; Nicholas, Darrel; Pettry, David; Schultz, Tor; Sites, Linda; Ziobro, Richard. 2002. Laboratory studies of CCA-C leaching : influence of wood and soil properties on extent of arsenic and copper depletion.
- Shupe, Todd F.; Lebow, Stan T.; Choong, Elvin T.; Xiong, Manzhen. 2001. Inadequate redrying linked to dimensional instability of CCA-treated southern pine lumber
- Lebow, Stan T.. 2001. Factors affecting the use of increment cores to assess fixation
- Lebow, Stan T.; Tippie, Michael. 2001. Guide for minimizing the effect of preservative-treated wood on sensitive environments
- Morrell, Jeffrey J.; Miller, D.J.; Lebow, Stan T.. 2000. Above ground performance of preservative-treated western wood species
- Lebow, Stan. 1999. Fixation effects on the release of copper, chromium and arsenic from CCA-C treated marine piles
- Lebow, Stan T.; Evans, James W.. 1999. Effect of prestain on the release rate of copper, chromium, and arsenic from western hemlock
- Lebow, Stan T.; Nilsson, Thomas; Morrell, Jeffrey J.. . Performance of copper-based wood preservatives in soil bed exposures
- Lebow, Stan T.; Lebow, Patricia K.; Foster, Daniel O.; Brooks, Kenneth M.. . Environmental impact of preservative-treated wood in a wetland boardwalk.
- Lebow, Stan T.; Halverson, Steven A.; Morrell, Jeffrey J.; Simonsen, John. . Role of construction debris in release of copper, chromium, and arsenic from treated wood structures
Research Highlights
New Guide Advises Treatments and Technologies To Protect Historic Wooden Bridges
Year: 2012
Forest Service and university researchers collaborate to evaluate methods of protecting wooden bridges from fire and biodegradation.
Improving Accelerated Testing of Durable Wood Products
Year: 2010
Durable wood products such as posts, poles and timbers are expected to resist decay and termite attack for several decades. Testing the durability of new types of wood products is challenging because it is impractical to conduct tests for more than a small fraction of the expected service life.
Method for Estimating Wood Preservative Leaching
Year: 2019
Pressure-treated wood is used widely for construction projects in sensitive environments. This USDA Forest Service research project developed a method to estimate biocide leaching from pressure-treated wood exposed to precipitation.
Going Big with Mass Timber Protection
Year: 2019
USDA Forest Service researchers are leading efforts to better understand mass timber as a next generation building material and provide safe effective protection strategies to ensure public safety and responsible forest stewardship.
Guide for Selection and Use of Pressure-Treated Wood
Year: 2020
This report describes and provides guidance for selection and use of pressure-treated wood for specific applications.
Role of leaf litter in above ground wood decay
Year: 2020
FPL researchers in Wood Durability and Protection investigate the contributions of leaf litter accumulation to the decay of wood in above ground exposure.
Durable wood product evaluations
Year: 2011
In an effort to reduce the amount of time required to obtain meaningful durability data for wood products, it has become widely accepted to use smaller specimens in field tests. Smaller specimens generally yield faster results but tests comparing small specimens with matched larger lumber specimens ...
Centennial Edition, Wood Handbook—Wood as an Engineering Material
Year: 2010
The Wood Handbook—Wood as an Engineering Material serves as a primary reference document for a wide variety of users-from the general public through architects and design engineers who use wood in highly engineered structures.