William A. Gould
Research Ecologist
International Institute of Tropical Forestry
International Institute of Tropical Forestry, Jardin Botanico Sur, 1201 Calle Ceiba
San Juan, PR 00926-1119
United States
San Juan, PR 00926-1119
United States
Phone
787-764-7790
0000-0002-3720-9735
Current Research
- Directing the USDA Caribbean Climate Hub.
- Arctic Observing Network (AON): Study of arctic ecosystem changes.
Past Research
- Furthering the science of remote sensing of biodiversity patterns.
- Documenting long–term response of arctic vegetation to recent climate change.
- Developing widely used landcover, biodiversity and conservation information for Puerto Rico and the US Virgin Islands.
- Developing the Forest Service Research Map Publication Series (RMAP).
Research Interest
My research involves integrating field and remote sensing data to analyze landscape patterns and processes in a wide range of ecosystems including tropical, temperate, boreal and arctic biomes. I am active in studies of conservation science, biodiversity, ecology, land cover mapping, modeling future scenarios for conservation planning, and field education and outreach.
Why This Research Is Important
There are a lot of uncertainties in how natural and social systems will respond to changes in climate and land use. My research helps better understand the current matrix of habitats, species distributions, and human use and infrastructure that make up the landscape - and how these might respond to things like sea level rise, increasing drought or storm frequency, urban growth, and other changes.
Education
- Department of Environmental, Population and Organismal Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado. , Ph.D., Ecology. Dissertation: A multiple-scale analysis of plant species richness, vegetation, landscape heterogeneity, and spectral diversity along an Arctic river., 1998
- Plant Biology Department, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota. , M.S., Ecology. Thesis: Macrolichens of the Coppermine, Hood, and Thomsen Rivers, Northwest Territories, Canada., 1992
- Plant Biology Department, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota. , B.S., Biology., 1988
Professional Experience
- Director, USDA Caribbean Climate Hub, USDA Forest Service, International Institute of Tropical Forestry, Río Piedras, Puerto Rico., 2014 - Current
- Associate Faculty, University of Puerto Rico - Río Piedras, College of Natural Sciences, Environmental Sciences Program, 2013 - Current
- Adjunct Professor, University of Puerto Rico-Río Piedras Department of Biology, 2012 - Current
- GS-0408-14, Research Ecologist, USDA Forest Service, International Institute of Tropical Forestry, Río Piedras, Puerto Rico., 2009 - Current
- Adjunct Research Associate, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Institute of Arctic Biology, Alaska Geobotany Center, Fairbanks, AK., 1999 - Current
- Coordinator, Caribbean Lanedscape Conservation Cooperative, USDA Forest Service, International Institute of Tropical Forestry, Río Piedras, Puerto Rico., 2012 - 2017
- GS-0408-13, Research Ecologist, USDA Forest Service, International Institute of Tropical Forestry, Río Piedras, Puerto Rico., 2003 - 2009
- GS-0408-12, Research Ecologist, USDA Forest Service, International Institute of Tropical Forestry, Río Piedras, Puerto Rico., 2002 - 2003
- GS-0408-12, term appointment, Research Ecologist, USDA Forest Service, International Institute of Tropical Forestry, Río Piedras, Puerto Rico., 2001 - 2002
- Adjunct Scientist and National Science Foundation SMETE Postdoctoral Fellow, USDA Forest Service, International Institute of Tropical Forestry, Río Piedras, Puerto Rico., 2000 - 2001
- National Science Foundation SMETE Postdoctoral Fellow, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska., 1999 - 2001
- Research Associate, University of Colorado, Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR). Boulder, CO., 1998 - 1999
- Graduate Research Assistant, University of Colorado, Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR). Boulder, CO., 1996 - 1998
- Graduate Teaching Assistant, University of Colorado, Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR). Boulder, CO., 1992 - 1997
- Instructor, Arctic Field Ecology Course, University of Colorado, Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR). Boulder, CO., 1987 - 1994
- Graduate Teaching Assistant, Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota., 1988 - 1992
- Undergraduate Research Assistant, Cedar Creek Natural History Area (LTER site)., 1986 - 1986
Professional Organizations
-
Editorial Board Member,
International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation,
2009 -
Current
Serve as reviewer.
-
Editorial Board Member,
Journal of Landscape and Urban Planning,
2007 -
Current
Serve as reviewer.
-
Member,
American Geophysical Union,
2000 -
Current
AGU member.
-
Member,
Ecological Society of America,
2000 -
Current
ESA member.
-
Board Member,
Ecological Society of America,
2009 -
2012
Serve as board member on panel
-
Member,
Ecological Society of America,
1997 -
2002
IAVS member
-
Member,
American Bryological and Lichenological Society,
1992 -
1998
ABLS member
Featured Publications
- Castro-Prieto, Jessica; Gould, William; Ortiz-Maldonado, Coralys; Soto-Bayó, Sandra; Llerandi-Román, Ivan; Gaztambide-Arandes, Soledad; Quinones, Maya; Cañón, Marcela; Jacobs, Kasey R. 2019. A Comprehensive Inventory of Protected Areas and other Land Conservation Mechanisms in Puerto Rico
- Castro-Prieto, Jessica ; Wunderle, Joseph, Jr..; Salguero-Faria, Jose A.; Soto-Bayo, Sandra ; Crespo-Zapata, Johann D.; Gould, William A.. 2021. The Puerto Rico breeding bird atlas
- Henareh Khalyani, Azad; Gould, William A.; Harmsen, Eric; Terando, Adam; Quinones, Maya; Collazo, Jaime A.. 2016. Climate Change Implications for Tropical Islands: Interpolating and Interpreting Statistically Downscaled GCM Projections for Management and Planning
- Gould, William; Alvarez-Berrios, Nora; Aponte-González, F; Archibald, W; Bowden, J.H.; Carrubba, L; Crespo, W; Fain, Stephen Joshua; Gonzalez, Grizelle; Goulbourne, A; Harmsen, E; Holupchinski, Eva; Khalyani, Azad Henareh; Kossin, J; Leinberger, A.J.; Marrero-Santiago, V.I.; Martínez-Sánchez, O.; McGinley, Kathleen; Méndez-Lázaro, P; Morell, J; Oyola, M.M.; Parés-Ramos, Isabel K.; Pulwarty, R; Sweet, W.V.; Terando, A; Torres-González, S. 2018. U.S. Caribbean
- Van Beusekom, Ashley E.; Gould, William A.; Terando, Adam J.; Collazo, Jaime A.. 2015. Climate change and water resources in a tropical island system: propagation of uncertainty from statistically downscaled climate models to hydrologic models
- Weaver, P. L.; Gould, W. A.. 2013. Forest vegetation along environmental gradients in northeastern Puerto Rico
- Gould, W.A.; Martinuzzi, S.; Páres-Ramos, I.K.. 2012. Land use, population dynamics, and land-cover change in Eastern Puerto Rico
- Mercado-Díaz, Joel A.; Gould, William A.; Gonzalez, Grizelle; Lücking, Robert. 2015. Lichens in Puerto Rico: an ecosystem approach
- Bowden, Jared H.; Terando, Adam J.; Misra, Vasu ; Wootten, Adrienne ; Bhardwaj, Amit ; Boyles, Ryan ; Gould, William ; Collazo, Jaime A.; Spero, Tanya L.. 2020. High‐resolution dynamically downscaled rainfall and temperature projections for ecological life zones within Puerto Rico and for the U.S. Virgin Islands
- Van Beusekom, Ashley ; Alvarez-Berríos, Nora ; Gould, William ; Quiñones, Maya ; González, Grizelle. 2018. Hurricane Maria in the U.S. Caribbean: Disturbance Forces, Variation of Effects, and Implications for Future Storms
Other Publications
- Santiago, Luis E.; Forrero-Montaña, Jimena; Melendez-Ackerman, Elvia J.; Gould, William; Zimmerman, Jess K.. 2022. Social Acceptability of a Sustainable Forestry Industry in Puerto Rico: Views of Private, Public, and Non-Profit Sectors
- Álvarez-Berríos, Nora; Wiener, Sarah L.; McGinley, Kathleen A.; Lindsey, Angela B.; Gould, William A.. 2021. Hurricane effects, mitigation, and preparedness in the Caribbean: Perspectives on high importance-low prevalence practices from agricultural advisors
- Fain, Stephen J. ; McGinley, Kathleen; Gould, William; Parés, Isabel K; Gonzalez, Grizelle. 2020. Cuba, Puerto Rico, and climate change: shared challenges in agriculture, forestry, and opportunities for collaboration.
- Rodríguez Gómez, Carlos Andrés; Joglar, Rafael L.; Solórzano, Mariano; Gould, William. 2020. A Distribution Model for the Green Iguana, Iguana iguana (Linnaeus, 1758) (Reptilia: Iguanidae), in Puerto Rico
- Gould, William; Castro-Prieto, Jessica; Alvarez-Berrios, Nora. 2020. Climate change and biodiversity conservation in the Caribbean Islands
- May, Jeremy L.; Hollister, Robert D.; Betway, Katlyn R.; Harris, Jacob A.; Tweedie, Craig E.; Welker, Jeffrey M.; Gould, William A.; Oberbauer, Steven F.. 2020. NDVI Changes Show Warming Increases the Length of the Green Season at Tundra Communities in Northern Alaska: A Fine-Scale Analysis
- Castro-Prieto, Jessica; Gould, William; Ortiz-Maldonado, Coralys; Soto-Bayó, Sandra; Llerandi-Román, Ivan; Gaztambide-Arandes, Soledad; Quinones, Maya; Cañón, Marcela; Jacobs, Kasey R. 2019. Inventario detallado de áreas protegidas y otros mecanismos de conservación en Puerto Rico
- Henareh Khalyani, Azad ; Gould, William A.; Falkowski, Michael J.; Muscarella, Robert ; Uriarte, María ; Yousef, Foad. 2019. Climate change increases potential plant species richness on Puerto Rican uplands
- Gould, William; Quinones, Maya. 2019. An All Lands Approach
- Van Beusekom, Ashley E.; Gould, William A.; Monmany, A. Carolina; Khalyani, Azad Henareh; Quiñones, Maya; Fain, Stephen J.; Andrade-Núñez, Maria José; González, Grizelle. 2018. Fire weather and likelihood: characterizing climate space for fire occurrence and extent in Puerto Rico
- Quiñones, Maya; Parés-Ramos, Isabel K.; Gould, William A.; Gonzalez, Grizelle; McGinley, Kathleen; Ríos, Pedro. 2018. El Atlas del Bosque Nacional El Yunque
- Quiñones, Maya; Parés-Ramos, Isabel K.; Gould, William A.; Gonzalez, Grizelle; McGinley, Kathleen; Ríos, Pedro. 2018. El Yunque National Forest Atlas
- Dornelas, Maria ; Antao, Laura H.; Moyes, Faye ; Bates, Amanda E.; Gould, William A.; Henshaw, Donald L.. 2018. BioTime: A database of biodiversity time series for the Anthropocene
- Ortiz-Colón, Guillermo ; Fain, Stephen J.; Parés, Isabel K.; Curbelo-Rodríguez, Jaime ; Jiménez-Cabán, Esbal ; Pagán-Morales, Melvin ; Gould, William A.. 2018. Assessing climate vulnerabilities and adaptive strategies for resilient beef and dairy operations in the tropics
- Alvarez-Berrios, Nora; Soto-Bayó, Sandra ; Holupchinski, Eva ; Fain, Stephen J.; Gould, William A.. 2018. Correlating drought conservation practices and drought vulnerability in a tropical agricultural system
- Bjorkman, Anne D.; Myers-Smith, Isla H.; Elmendorf, Sarah C.; Normand, Signe ; Rüger, Nadja ; Beck, Pieter S. A.; Blach-Overgaard, Anne ; Blok, Daan ; Cornelissen, J. Hans C.; Forbes, Bruce C.; Georges, Damien ; Goetz, Scott J.; Guay, Kevin C.; Henry, Gregory H. R.; HilleRisLambers, Janneke ; Hollister, Robert D.; Karger, Dirk N.; Kattge, Jens ; Manning, Peter ; Prevéy, Janet S.; Rixen, Christian ; Schaepman-Strub, Gabriela ; Thomas, Haydn J. D.; Vellend, Mark ; Wilmking, Martin ; Wipf, Sonja ; Carbognani, Michele ; Hermanutz, Luise ; Lévesque, Esther ; Molau, Ulf ; Petraglia, Alessandro ; Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A.; Spasojevic, Marko J.; Tomaselli, Marcello ; Vowles, Tage ; Alatalo, Juha M.; Alexander, Heather D.; Anadon-Rosell, Alba ; Angers-Blondin, Sandra ; Beest, Mariska te; Berner, Logan ; Björk, Robert G.; Buchwal, Agata ; Buras, Allan ; Christie, Katherine ; Cooper, Elisabeth J.; Dullinger, Stefan ; Elberling, Bo ; Eskelinen, Anu ; Frei, Esther R.; Grau, Oriol ; Grogan, Paul ; Hallinger, Martin ; Harper, Karen A.; Heijmans, Monique M. P. D.; Hudson, James ; Hülber, Karl ; Iturrate-Garcia, Maitane ; Iversen, Colleen M.; Jaroszynska, Francesca ; Johnstone, Jill F.; Jørgensen, Rasmus Halfdan; Kaarlejärvi, Elina ; Klady, Rebecca ; Kuleza, Sara ; Kulonen, Aino ; Lamarque, Laurent J.; Lantz, Trevor ; Little, Chelsea J.; Speed, James D. M.; Michelsen, Anders ; Milbau, Ann ; Nabe-Nielsen, Jacob ; Nielsen, Sigrid Schøler; Ninot, Josep M.; Oberbauer, Steven F.; Olofsson, Johan ; Onipchenko, Vladimir G.; Rumpf, Sabine B.; Semenchuk, Philipp ; Shetti, Rohan ; Collier, Laura Siegwart; Street, Lorna E.; Suding, Katharine N.; Tape, Ken D.; Trant, Andrew ; Treier, Urs A.; Tremblay, Jean-Pierre ; Tremblay, Maxime ; Venn, Susanna ; Weijers, Stef ; Zamin, Tara ; Boulanger-Lapointe, Noémie ; Gould, William A.; Hik, David S.; Hofgaard, Annika ; Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S.; Jorgenson, Janet ; Klein, Julia ; Magnusson, Borgthor ; Tweedie, Craig ; Wookey, Philip A.; Bahn, Michael ; Blonder, Benjamin ; van Bodegom, Peter M.; Bond-Lamberty, Benjamin ; Campetella, Giandiego ; Cerabolini, Bruno E. L.; Chapin, F. Stuart; Cornwell, William K.; Craine, Joseph ; Dainese, Matteo ; de Vries, Franciska T.; Díaz, Sandra ; Enquist, Brian J.; Green, Walton ; Milla, Ruben ; Niinemets, Ülo ; Onoda, Yusuke ; Ordoñez, Jenny C.; Ozinga, Wim A.; Penuelas, Josep ; Poorter, Hendrik ; Poschlod, Peter ; Reich, Peter B.; Sandel, Brody ; Schamp, Brandon ; Sheremetev, Serge ; Weiher, Evan. 2018. Plant functional trait change across a warming tundra biome
- May, Jeremy ; Healey, Nathan ; Ahrends, Hella ; Hollister, Robert ; Tweedie, Craig ; Welker, Jeffrey ; Gould, William ; Oberbauer, Steven. 2017. Short-Term Impacts of the Air Temperature on Greening and Senescence in Alaskan Arctic Plant Tundra Habitats
- Gould, William A.; Wadsworth, Frank H.; Quinones, Maya; Fain, Stephen J.; Álvarez-Berríos, Nora L.. 2017. Land Use, Conservation, Forestry, and Agriculture in Puerto Rico
- Hobbie, John E.; Shaver, Gaius R.; Rastetter, Edward B.; Cherry, Jessica E.; Goetz, Scott J.; Guay, Kevin C.; Gould, William A.; Kling, George W.. 2017. Ecosystem responses to climate change at a Low Arctic and a High Arctic long-term research site
- Monmany, Ana Carolina; Gould, William; Andrade-Nunez, Maria Jose; Gonzalez, Grizelle; Quinones, Maya. 2017. Characterizing Predictability of Fire Occurrence in Tropical Forests and Grasslands: The Case of Puerto Rico
- Fain, Stephen J.; Quiñones, Maya; Álvarez-Berríos, Nora L.; Parés-Ramos, Isabel K.; Gould, William A.. 2017. Climate change and coffee: assessing vulnerability by modeling future climate suitability in the Caribbean island of Puerto Rico
- Castro-Prieto, J.; Quinones, Maya; Gould, William. 2016. Characterization of the Network of Protected Areas in Puerto Rico
- Gould, William; Jacobs, K.R.; Maldonado, M.. 2016. The Caribbean Landscape Conservation Cooperative: a new framework for effective conservation of natural and cultural resources in the Caribbean
- Jacobs, K.R.; Nicholson, L.; Murry, B.A.; Maldonado, Marixa; Gould, William. 2016. Boundary organizations as an approach to overcoming science-delivery barriers in landscape conservation: a Caribbean case study
- Walker, D A; Daniels, F J A; Alsos, I; Bhatt, U S; Breen, A L; Buchhorn, M; Bultmann, H; Druckenmiller, L A; Edwards, M E; Ehrich, D; Epstein, H E; Gould, William; Ims, R A; Meltofte, H; Raynolds, M K; Sibik, J; Talbot, S S; Webber, P J. 2016. Circumpolar Arctic vegetation: a hierarchic review and roadmap toward an internationally consistent approach to survey, archive and classify tundra plot data
- Walker, Donald A.; Breen, Amy L.; Druckenmiller, Lisa A.; Wirth, Lisa W.; Fisher, Will; Raynolds, Martha K.; Šibík, Jozef; Walker, Marilyn D.; Hennekens, Stephan; Boggs, Keith; Boucher, Tina; Buchhorn, Marcel; Bültmann, Helga; Cooper, David J.; Daniëls, Fred J.A; Davidson, Scott J.; Ebersole, James J.; Elmendorf, Sara C.; Epstein, Howard E.; Gould, William A.; Hollister, Robert D.; Iversen, Colleen M.; Jorgenson, M. Torre; Kade, Anja; Lee, Michael T.; MacKenzie, William H.; Peet, Robert K.; Peirce, Jana L.; Schickhoff, Udo; Sloan, Victoria L.; Talbot, Stephen S.; Tweedie, Craig E.; Villarreal, Sandra; Webber, Patrick J.; Zona, Donatella. 2016. The Alaska Arctic Vegetation Archive (AVA-AK)
- Elmendorf, Sarah C.; Henry, Gregory H.R.; Hollisterd, Robert D.; Fosaa, Anna Maria; Gould, William A.; Hermanutz, Luise; Hofgaard, Annika; Jonsdottir, Ingibjorg I.; Jorgenson, Janet C.; Levesque, Esther; Magnusson, Borgbor; Molau, Ulf; Myers-Smith, Isla H.; Oberbauer, Steven F.; Rixen, Christian; Tweedie, Craig E.; Walkers, Marilyn. 2015. Experiment, monitoring, and gradient methods used to infer climate change effects on plant communities yield consistent patterns
- Gonzalez, G.; Rivera-Figueroa, F.J.; Gould, W.; Cantrell, S.A.; Pérez-Jiménez, J.R.. 2014. Microorganisms in small patterned ground features and adjacent vegetated soils along topographic and climatic gradients in the High Arctic, Canada
- Van Beusekom, A.E.; Hay, L.E.; Viger, R.J.; Gould, W.A.; Collazo, J.A.; Henareh Khalyani, A.. 2014. The effects of changing land cover on streamflow simulation in Puerto Rico
- Mercado-Diaz, Joel; Gould, William; Gonzalez, Grizelle. 2014. Soil nutrients, landscape age, and Sphagno-Eriophoretum vaginati plant communities in Arctic moist-acidic Tundra landscapes
- Shaver, G.R.; Laundre, J.A.; Bret-Harte, M.S.; Chapin III, F.S.; Mercado-Díaz, J.A.; Giblin, A.E.; Gough, L.; Gould, W.A.; Hobbie, S.E.; Mack, M.C.; Moore, J.C.; Nadelhoffer, K.J.; Rastetter, E.B.; Schimel, J.P.. 2014. Terrestrial ecosystems at Toolik Lake, Alaska
- Mercado-Diaz, J.A.; Gould, W.A.; Gonzalez, G.; Lucking, R.. 2013. Four new species of Coenogonium (Ascomycota: Ostropales) from vulnerable forest ecosystems in Puerto Rico
- Quinones, M.; Gould, W.A.; Castro-Prieto, J.; Martinuzzi, S.. 2013. Spatial analysis of Puerto Rico's terrestrial protected areas [1:240 000]
- Quinones, M.; Gould, W.A.; Castro-Prieto, J.; Martinuzzi, S.. 2013. Analisis espacial de las areas protegidas terrestres de Puerto Rico
- Martinuzzi, Sebastian; Gould, William A.; Vierling, Lee A.; Hudak, Andrew T.; Nelson, Ross F.; Evans, Jeffrey S.. 2012. Quantifying tropical dry forest type and succession: substantial improvement with LiDAR
- Murphy, S.F.; Stallard, R.F.; Larsen, M.C.; Gould, W.A.. 2012. Physiography, geology, and land cover of four watersheds in Eastern Puerto Rico
- Elmendorf, Sarah C.; Henry, Gregory H.R.; Hollister, Robert D.; Bjork, Robert G.; Boulanger-Lapointe, Noemie; Cooper, Elisabeth J.; Cornelissen, Johannes H.C.; Day, Thomas A.; Dorrepaal, Ellen; Elumeeva, Tatiana G. ; Gill, Mike; Gould, William A.; Harte, John; Hik, David S.; Hofgaard, Annika; Johnson, David R.; Johnstone, Jill F.; Jonsdottir, Ingijorg Svala; Jorgenson, Janet C.; Klanderud, Kari; Klein, Julia A.; Koh, Saewan; Kudo, Gaku; Lara, Mark; Levesque, Esther; Magnusson, Borgthor; May, Jeremy L.; Mercado, Joel A. ; Michelsen, Anders; Molau, Ulf; Myers-Smith, Isla H. ; Oberbauer, Steven F.; Onipchenko, Vladimir G.; Rixen, Christian; Schmidt, Niels Martin; Shaver, Gaius R.; Spasojevic, Marko J.; Porhallsdottir, Pora Ellen; Tolvanen, Anne; Troxler, Tiffany; Tweedie, Craig E.; Villareal, Sandra; Wahren, Carl-Henrik; Walker, Xanthe; Webber, Patrick J. ; Welker, Jeffrey M.; Wipf, Sonja. 2012. Plot-scale evidence of tundra vegetation change and links to recent summer warming
- Elmendorf, Sarah C.; Henry, Gregory H.R.; Hollister, Robert D.; Björk, Robert G.; Bjorkman, Anne D.; Callaghan, Terry V.; NO-VALUE, [and others]; Gould, William; Mercado, Joel. 2012. Global assessment of experimental climate warming on tundra vegetation: heterogeneity over space and time
- Zalamea, Marcela; Gonzalez, Grizelle; Gould, William A.. 2012. Comparing litterfall and standing vegetation: assessing the footprint of litterfall traps
- Gould, William A.; Quinones, Maya; Solorzano, Mariano; Alcobas, Waldemar; Alarcon, Caryl. 2011. Protected Natural Areas of Puerto Rico
- Walker, D.A.; Bhatt, U.S.; Callaghan, J.; Comiso, J.C.; Epstein, H.E.; Forbes, B.C.; Gill, M.; Gould, William; Henry, G.H.R.; Jia, G.J.; Kokelj, S.V.; Lantz, T.C.; Oberrbauer, S.F.; Pinzón, J.E.; Raynolds, M.K.; Shaver, G.R.; Tucker, C.J.; Tweedie, C.E.; Webber, P.J.. 2011. Vegetation
- Walker, D.A.; Bhatt, U.S.; Callaghan, T.V.; Comiso, J.C.; Epstein, H.E.; Forbes, B.C.; Gill, M.; Gould, W.A.; Henry, G.H.R.; Jia, G.J.; Kokelj, S.V.; Lantz, T.C.; Oberbauer, S.F.; Pinzon, J.E.; Raynolds, M.K.; Shaver, G.R.; Tucker, C.J.; Tweedie, C.E.; Webber, P.J.. 2011. Vegetation
- Gould, William A.; Quinones, Maya; Solórzano, Mariano; Alcobas, Waldemar; Alarcon, Caryl. 2011. Areas naturales protegidas de Puerto Rico
- Walker, D.A.; Bhatt, U.S.; Comiso, J.C.; Epstein, H.E.; Gould, W.A.; Henry, G.H.R.; Jia, G.J.; Kokelj, S.V.; Lantz, T.C.; Mercado-Diaz, J.A.; Pinzon, J.E.; Raynolds, M.K.; Shaver, G.R.; Tucker, C.J.; Tweedie, C.E.; Webber, P.J.. 2010. I. Vegetation [in “State of the Climate in 2009”]
- Gould, William A.; Vierling, Lee; Martinuzzi, Sebastian. 2010. Integrating Lidar in modeling GAP habitats
- Gould, William A.; Solórzano, Mariano; Potts, Gary. 2010. U.S. Virgin Islands Gap Analysis Project
- Gould, William A.; Solorzano, Mariano; Potts, Gary; Castro, Jessica. 2010. U.S. Virgin Islands Gap Analysis Project
- Gould, William; Gonzalez, Grizelle; Walker, D.A.; Ping, C.L.. 2010. Commentary. Integrating research, education, and traditional knowledge in ecology: A case study of biocomplexity in the Arctic
- Martinuzzi, S.; Vierling, L.A.; Gould, W.A.; Vierling, K.T.. 2009. Improving the characterization and mapping of wildlife habitats with lidar data: measurement priorities for the Inland Northwest, USA
- Martinuzzi, Sebastian; Vierling, Lee A.; Gould, William A.; Falkowski, Michael J.; Evans, Jeffrey S.; Hudak, Andrew T.; Vierling, Kerri T.. 2009. Mapping snags and understory shrubs for LiDAR based assessment of wildlife habitat suitability
- Martinuzzi, Sebastian; Vierling, Lee A.; Gould, William A.; Vierling, Kerri T.; Hudak, Andrew T.. 2009. Incorporating remotely sensed tree canopy cover data into broad scale assessments of wildlife habitat distribution and conservation
- Martinuzzi, S.; Gould, W.A.; Lugo, A.E.; Medina, E.. 2009. Conversion and recovery of Puerto Rican mangroves: 200 years of change
- Gould, William A.; Solórzano, Mariano. 2009. Multiple scale integrated range maps for modeling predicted distributions of vertebrate species in the U.S. Virgin Islands
- Gould, W.A.. 2009. Puerto Rico Gap Analysis Project
- Walker, D. A.; Epstein, H. E.; Romanovsky, V. E.; Ping, C. L.; Michaelson, G. J.; Daanen, R. P.; Shur, Y. ; Peterson, R. A.; Krantz, W. B.; Raynolds, M. K.; Gould, W. A.; Gonzalez, G. ; Nicolsky, D. J.; Vonlanthen, C. M.; Kade, A. N.; Kuss, P. ; Kelley, A. M.; Munger, C. A.; Tarnocai, C. T.; Matveyeva, N. V; Daniëls, F. J. A.. 2008. Arctic patterned-ground ecosystems: A synthesis of field studies and models along a North American Arctic Transect
- Martinuzzi, Sebastian; Gould, William A.; Ramos Gonzalez, Olga M.; Quinones, Maya; Jimenez, Michael E.. 2008. Uso de terreno urbano y rural en Puerto Rico
- Gould, William A.; Martinuzzi, Sebastian; Ramos Gonzalez, Olga M.. 2008. High and low density development in Puerto Rico
- Gould, William; Jimenez, Michael E.; Potts, Gary; Quinones, Maya; Martinuzzi, Sebastian. 2008. Unidades del paisaje de Puerto Rico: la influencia del clima, el substrato y la topografia
- Gould, William A.; Martinuzzi, Sebastian; Ramos Gonzalez, Olga M.. 2008. Densidad de desarrollo alta y baja en Puerto Rico
- Gould, William A.; Martinuzzi, Sebastian; Ramos Gonzalez, Olga M.. 2008. Cobertura desarrollada de Puerto Rico
- Gould, William A.; Jimenez, Michael E.; Potts, Gary; Quinones, Maya. 2008. Landscape units of Puerto Rico: influence of climate, substrate, and topography
- Meddens, Arjan J. H.; Hudak, Andrew T.; Evans, Jeffrey S.; Gould, William A.; Gonzalez, Grizelle. 2008. Characterizing forest fragments in boreal, temperate, and tropical ecosystems
- Gould, William A.; Martinuzzi, Sebastian; Ramos Gonzalez, Olga M.. 2008. Developed land cover of Puerto Rico
- Martinuzzi, Sebastian; Gould, William A.; Ramos Gonzalez, Olga M.; Quinones, Maya; Jimenez, Michael E.. 2008. Urban and rural land use in Puerto Rico
- Gould, W. A.; Alarcon, C.; Fevold, B.; Jimenez, M.E.; Martinuzzi, S.; Potts, G.; Quinones, M.; Solórzano, M.; Ventosa, E.. 2008. The Puerto Rico Gap Analysis Project Volume 1: land cover, vertebrate species distributions, and land stewardship
- Jain, Theresa B.; Gould, William A.; Graham, Russell T.; Pilliod, David S.; Lentile, Leigh B.; Gonzalez, Grizelle. 2008. A soil burn severity index for understanding soil-fire relations in tropical forests [Chinese version]
- Gonzalez, Grizelle; Gould, William; Hudak, Andrew T.; Hollingsworth, Teresa Nettleton. 2008. Decay of aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) wood in moist and dry boreal, temperate, and tropical forest fragments
- Gould, William A.; Gonzalez, Grizelle; Hudak, Andrew T.; Hollingsworth, Teresa Nettleton; Hollingsworth, Jamie. 2008. Forest structure and downed woody debris in boreal temperate, and tropical forest fragments
- Jain, Theresa B.; Gould, William A.; Graham, Russell T.; Pilliod, David S.; Lentile, Leigh B.; Gonzalez, Grizelle. 2008. A soil burn severity index for understanding soil-fire relations in tropical forests
- Vierling, Kerri T.; Vierling, Lee A.; Gould, William A.; Martinuzzi, Sebastian; Clawges, Rick M.. 2008. Lidar: shedding new light on habitat characterization and modeling.
- Martinuzzi, Sebastian; Gould, William A.; Ramos Gonzalez, Olga M.; Edwards, Brook E.. 2007. Development of a Landforms Model for Puerto Rico and its Application for Land Cover Change Analysis
- Martinuzzi, Sebastian; Gould, William A.; Ramos Gonzalez, Olga M.. 2007. Land development, land use, and urban sprawl in Puerto Rico integrating remote sensing and population census data.
- Quinones, Maya; Gould, William; Rodriguez-Pedraza, Carlos D.. 2007. Geospatial Data Availability for Haiti: An Aid in the Development of GIS-Based Natural Resource Assessments for Conservation Planning.
- Martinuzzi, Sebastián; Gould, William A.; Ramos Gonzalez, Olga M.. 2007. Creating cloud-free Landsat ETM+ data sets in tropical landscapes: cloud and cloud-shadow removal
- Gould, W.A.; Gonzalez, G.; Carrero Rivera, G.. 2006. Structure and composition of vegetation along an elevational gradient in Puerto Rico.
- DuBey, Robert ; Caldwell, Colleen ; Gould, William R.. 2005. Effects of temperature, photoperiod, and Myxobolus cerebralis infection on growth, reproduction, and survival of Tubifex tubifex lineages
Research Highlights
Climate Change Implications for Tropical Islands
Year: 2016
Interpolating and Interpreting Statistically Downscaled General Circulation Model Projections for Management and Planning
Climate Change and Water Resources in a Tropical Island System
Year: 2016
Forest Service scientists study propagation of uncertainty from statistically downscaled climate models to hydrologic models.
The Caribbean Landscape Conservation Cooperative
Year: 2016
A New Framework for Effective Conservation of Natural and Cultural Resources in the Caribbean.
Characterization of the Network of Protected Areas in Puerto Rico
Year: 2016
Scientists Analyze the biodiversity, landscape diversity and forest cover in terrestrial protected areas in Puerto Rico to anser the question: What are we protecting?
Analyzing drought exposure and vulnerability in a tropical agricultural system
Year: 2018
Correlating conservation practices and drought vulnerability in Puerto Rico to highlight agricultural areas vulnerable to drought conditions
Climate Change Affects Potential Plant Species Distribution and Richness on Puerto Rican uplands.
Year: 2019
Drier conditions projected by climate models favor dryland tree species and higher species richness over tree species adapted to high rainfall environments in Puerto Rican uplands.
Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Climate Change: Shared Challenges in Agriculture, Forestry, and Opportunities for Collaboration
Year: 2020
Throughout their histories, Cuba and Puerto Rico have faced similar challenges in maintaining food security and ecosystem health. Climate change now threatens both islands with parallel challenges to their similar crops, forests, and demographics. This report looks at the history that has shaped the...
Mapping snags and understory shrubs with LiDAR to assess wildlife habitat suitability.
Year: 2010
Forest Service scientists evaluated the use of LiDAR data for mapping the presence/absence of understory shrub species and different snag diameter classes in a mixed-conifer forest in Northern Idaho (USA).
Protected areas of Puerto Rico: Terrestrial and aquatic biodiversity protection.
Year: 2010
Forest Service scientists have mapped public and private lands designated for special protection in Puerto Rico. We identified 115 terrestrial and marine protected areas with 13 of them being exclusively marine.
Climate and vegetation change in Alaskan tundra.
Year: 2010
Studies of tundra vegetation changes in recent decades have predicted an increase in the relative abundance of shrubs in response to climate warming. In contrast, a detailed analysis of a 20-year record of tundra vegetation structure and composition from a set of permanent monitoring plots at Toolik...
Integrating Research, Education, and Traditional Knowledge in Ecology
Year: 2011
Integrating research and education is a fundamental goal of research institutions and agencies but specific approaches not widely published in environmental research journals. In this study, Forest Service scientists documented the costs and benefits to the public of engaging researchers, university...
Scientists Complete New Database for Modeling and Mapping Species Distributions
Year: 2013
Forest Service scientists completed two large project reports: The U.S. Virgin Islands Terrestrial Gap Analysis Project delivered to the USGS National Gap Program; and, Sportfish Gap: Conservation of Puerto Rico's Freshwater and Marine Recreational Fisheries Resources delivered to the Puerto Rico De...
Scientist Develops Fire Danger Rating System and Fire Weather Zones for Puerto Rico and U.S. Virgin Islands
Year: 2013
New Fire Weather Zones and a Fire Danger Rating System Developed for Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands.
The effects of changing land cover on stream flow simulation in Puerto Rico
Year: 2014
Rainfall, terrain, and use of the landscape affect stream flow and water resources availability.
The Effects of Changing Land Cover on Streamflow Simulation in Puerto Rico
Year: 2015
Streamflow models were developed for Puerto Rico, Vieques, and Culebra simulating historic conditions from 1953 to 2012. When land cover was included in the model as changing with time, streams such as the Río Piedras with a high amount of human-ecosystem interaction were much better simulated. Thes...
Assessing Vulnerabilities to Climate Change in Tropical Agriculture and Forestry
Year: 2015
New Vulnerability Assessment from the USDA Caribbean Climate Sub Hub.
Climate space for fire occurrence and extent in Puerto Rico
Year: 2018
The cumulative effect of small frequent fires found in the Caribbean can shape large landscapes. Relationships between weather patterns and the likelihood of these fires can help understand the implications of climate change
El Yunque National Forest Atlas release
Year: 2018
Publication of an atlas about El Yunque National Forest, a collaboration between the International Institute of Tropical Forestry and El Yunque National Forest.