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Place, Sense of Place, and Place Attachment

Selected Publications

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• Williams, D. R. (2004). Environmental psychology: Human responses and relationships to natural landscapes. In Manfredo, M.J., Vaske, J. J., Field, D. R., Brown, P. J., and Bruyere, B. L. (Eds.), Society and natural resources: A summary of knowledge. Jefferson City, MO: Modern Litho.
  
  
• Williams, D. R. (2004). Place Identity. In Jenkins, J., and Pigram, J. (Eds.) Encyclopedia of leisure and outdoor recreation. London: Routledge.
  
  
• Snyder, R., Williams, D. R., and Peterson, G. P. (2003). Culture loss and sense of place in resource valuation: Economics, anthropology, and indigenous cultures. In Jentoft, S., Minde, H., and Nilsen, R. (Eds.) Indigenous peoples: Resource management and global rights (107-123). Delft, The Netherlands: Eburon.
  (755 KB PDF file)
  
  
• Williams, D. R. (2002). Leisure identities, globalization, and the politics of place. Journal of Leisure Research, 34(4), 351-367.
  (615 KB PDF file)
  
  
• Williams, D. R. (2002). The social construction of Arctic wilderness: Place meanings, value pluralism, and globalization. In A. Watson, Alessa, L. and Sproull, J. (comps.) Wilderness in the Circumpolar North: Searching for compatibility in traditional ecotourism and ecological values; May 15-16, 2001; Anchorage, AK. (Proc. RMRS-P-26, pp. 120-132). Ogden, UT: U.S. Deparment of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station
  (60 KB PDF file)

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• Williams, D. R. (2002). Post-utilitarian forestry: What's place got to do with it? In Proceedings of the Human Dimensions of Natural Resources in the West Conference, (Alta,WY, October 18-21, pp. 114-123). Fort Collins, CO:Human Dimensions Unit, College of Natural Resources, Colorado State University.
  (106 KB PDF file)
  
  
• Williams, D. R., and McIntyre, N. (2001). Where heart and home reside: Changing construction of home and identity. In Trends 2000: Shaping the Future (Sept. 17-20, 2000; pp. 392-403). Lansing, MI: Michigan State University, Dept. of Park, Recreation and Tourism Resources
  (739 KB PDF file)
  
  
• Williams, D. R. (2000). Personal and social meanings of wilderness: Constructing and contesting place in a global village. In A. E. Watson and G. Applet (Eds.) Personal, societal, and ecological values of wilderness: Sixth world wilderness congress Proceedings on research, management, and allocations (Vol. II, pp. 77-82). Ogden, UT: U.S. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Rocky Mountain Research Station
  (471 KB PDF file)
  
  
• Williams, D. R., and Kaltenborn, B. P. (1999). Leisure places and modernity: The use and meaning of recreational cottages in Norway and the USA. In D. Crouch (Ed.), Leisure practices and geographic knowledge (pp. 214-230). London: Routledge.
  (1,088 KB PDF file)
  
  
• Williams, D. R., and Patterson, M. E. (1999). Environmental psychology: Mapping landscape meanings for ecosystem management . In H. K. Cordell and J. C. Bergstrom (Eds.), Integrating social sciences and ecosystem management: Human dimensions in assessment, policy and management (pp. 141-160). Champaign, IL: Sagamore Press.
  (1,361 KB PDF file)
  
  
• Williams, D. R., and Stewart, S. I. (1998). Sense of place: An elusive concept that is finding a home in ecosystem management. Forest Science, 96(5), 18-23.
  (419 KB PDF file)
  
  
• Williams, D. R., and Van Patten, S. (1998). Back to the future? Tourism, place, and sustainability. In L. Anderson and T. Blom (Eds.), Sustainability and development: On the future of small society in a dynamic economy (Proceedings of the Karlsbad International seminar) (pp. 359-369). Karlsbad, Sweden: University of Karlsbad.
  (584 KB PDF file)

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• Williams, D. R., and Patterson, M. E. (1996). Environmental meaning and ecosystem management: Perspectives from environment psychology and human geography. Society and Natural Resources, 9(5), 507-521.
  (700 KB PDF file)
  
  
• Williams, D. R., and Carr, D. S. (1993). The sociocultural meanings of outdoor recreation places. In A. Ewert, D. Shavez and A. Magill (Eds.), Culture, conflict and communication in the wildland-urban interface (pp. 209-219). Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
  (415 KB PDF file)

Place Attachment Scales

Listed below are presentation papers describing place attachment scales.

• Williams, D. R., and Vaske J. J. (2003). The measurement of place attachment: Validity and generalizability of a psychometric approach. Forest Science, 49(6), 830-840.
  (113 KB PDF file)
  
  
• Kaltenborn, B. P., and Williams, D. R. (2002). The meaning of place: Tourists' versus locals' attachment to Femundsmarka National Park. Norwegian Journal of Geography, 56(3), 189-198.
  (594 KB PDF file)
  
  
• Jurowski, C., Uysal, M., and Williams, D. R. (1997). A theoretical analysis of host community resident reactions to tourism. Journal of Travel Research, 36(2), 3-11.
  
  
• Mowen, A. J., Graefe, A. R., and Williams, D. R. (1998). An assessment of activity and trail type as indicators of trail user diversity. Journal of Park and Recreation Administratiion, 16(1), 80-96.

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• Williams, D. R., McDonald, C. D., Riden, C. M., and Uysal, M. (1995) Community Attachment, Regional Identity and Resident Attitudes Toward Tourism. In Proceedings of the 26th Annual Travel and Tourism Research Association Conference Proceedings (pp. 424-428). Wheat Ridge, CO: Travel and Tourism Research Association.
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• Williams, D. R., Anderson, B. S., McDonald, C. D. and Patterson, M. E. (1995, October). Measuring Place Attachment: More Preliminary Results. Paper Presented at Leisure Research Symposium, San Antonio, Texas
  
  
• Watson, A E., Micheal J. Niccoulucci, et. al. (1994). The nature of conflict between hikers and recreational stock users in the John Muir wilderness. Journal of Leisure Research, 26, 372-385.
  
  
• Williams, D. R., Patterson, M. E., Roggenbuck, J. W, and Watson, A. E. (1992). Beyond the commodity metaphor: Examing emotional and symbolic attachment to place. Leisure Sciences, 14, 29-46.
  (1,003 KB PDF file)
  
  
• Watson, A. E., Williams, D. R., Roggenbuck, J. W, and Daigle, J. (1992). Visitor characteristics and preferences for three national forest wilderness in the South. (USDA Forest Service Research Paper INT-455, 27p). Ogden, UT: Intermountain Research Station.
  
  
• Williams, D. R., and Roggenbuck, J. W (1991). Sources of conflict between hikers and mountain bike riders in the Rattlesnake National Recreation Area. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 9(3), 59-71.
  
  
• Williams, D. R., and Roggenbuck, J. W (1990, May). Measuring Place Attachment: Some Preliminary Results. In J. Gramann (Compiler) Proceedings of the Third Symposium on Social Science in Resource Management (pp. 70-72). College Station, TX: Texas A&M University
  
  
• Williams, D. R., and Roggenbuck, J. W. (1989, October). Measuring Place Attachment: Some Preliminary Results. Paper Presented at the Session on Outdoor Planning and Management, NRPA Symposium on Leisure Research, San Antonio, TX.
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Measuring Place Attachment

Notes on Measuring Recreational Place Attachment Measurement (1.8 MB PDF file)

Daniel R. Williams
September, 2000

Example Survey Questions for Measuring Place Attachment

See notes on measurement (above) for explanations and analysis of survey questions.

• Cohutta Wilderness Survey (292 KB PDF file)
• Hayward Lakes Area Seasonal Homeowner Survey (270 KB PDF file)
• Mt. Rogers Nat'l Recreation Area Survey (283 KB)
• Mt.Rogers Region Survey of Community Residents (337 KB PDF file)
• Shenendoah National Park Visitor Survey (345 KB PDF file)

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