Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) is a critical species in many high elevation ecosystems and is currently in serious decline due to white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola), mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae), and competition from other species (Schwandt 2006; Tomback and Achuff 2010; Tomback and others 2001). Many areas needing restoration are very remote or in areas where the planting of seedlings may not be logistically or politically feasible. Consequently, it is important to determine if direct planting of seeds is practicable and which treatments enhance germination and chances of survival.