Risk Management

Hypoglycemia and Cognitive Function

Low levels of blood sugar (hypoglycemia) can affect performance, cognitive function, and behavior. The brain and nervous system depend on blood sugar (glucose) for energy. After a meal, glucose is stored in the liver and muscles. During prolonged exertion, the body uses glucose as a source of energy. Stored glucose is depleted, blood glucose declines, and the nervous system and cognitive function are adversely affected (table 3). During periods of prolonged arduous work, it is important to maintain adequate blood glucose levels to sustain coordination, concentration, vigilance, and the ability to make decisions.

Table 3—Symptoms of hypoglycemia.

Physical	Psychological/cognitive
Exhaustion	Anxiety
Headaches	Depression
Rapid pulse	Irritability
Drowsiness	Lack of concentration
Loss of coordination	Confusion
Blurred vision	Indecisiveness
Vertigo

 

Because blood sugar is used by muscles during hard work, prolonged exertion can contribute to hypoglycemia. Blood glucose levels can be maintained with the use of solid and liquid carbohydrate supplements.