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Treatment of Petroleum-Contaminated Soils
Product name: Dual Auger System
Product category: Delivery system, soil mixing
Manufacturer information:
Richard P. Murray, President
In-Situ Fixation, Inc.
P.O. Box 516
Chandler, AZ 85244-0516
Phone: 480–821–0409
Fax: 480–786–3184
E-mail: info@insitufixation.com
Web site: http://www.insitufixation.com/
Manufacturer's claims: The Dual Auger System can apply in situ bioremediations, stabilization, steam, iron, hydrogen peroxide, and other reagents. This system treats soil by injecting and mixing reagents into the soil without excavation. The dual auger design mixes reagents into the soil in a more efficient process than a similar single auger design.
Site maintenance intensity: Monitoring is done as the system is in use. Power is supplied by the integrated system.
Mobility: Will require road transport by semitrailer.
Cold climate applicability: Operating in below-freezing temperatures will reduce the working efficiency of the injection and mixing systems, but it will not halt the process.
Approximate cost to treat a cubic yard: $40 to $120 per cubic yard
Manufacturer's comments: Refer to In-Situ Fixation's Web site for more detailed information.
Formal research: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency report (EPA/540/S-97/505) and U.S. Department of Energy report Dual Auger Steam Stripping, Pinellas NE Site, Largo, Florida Innovative Demonstration.
Mike Hightower, U.S. Department of Energy
Phone: 505–844–5499
Web site: http://www.em.doe.gov/itrd/rotary.html
Field users' contacts:
Bob Swale
Argonne National Laboratory
Phone: 630–252–6526
Additional databases: CLU-IN, REACH IT
Product name: Electrokinetic Injection
Product category: Site enhancement
Manufacturer information:
Laurie Lachiusa
Electrokinetics, Inc.
11552 Cedar Park Ave.
Baton Rouge, LA 70809
Phone: 716–886–9762
Fax: 225–753–0028
E-mail: mlachiusa@aol.com or ekinc@pipeline.com
Manufacturer's claims: Option One: In-situ Bioelectrokinetic Injection functions as a nutrient transport system to enhance biodegradation. Applying an electrical field to the soil facilitates the introduction of nutrients throughout a heterogeneous soil. Option Two: Micellar-enhanced Electrokinetics Extraction electrokinetically injects charged micellars, which charge noncharged particles. Micelles are then removed by electro-osmotic flow.
Site maintenance intensity: Requires 450 volts of power. Site additives need to be replaced every 3 months. The process can be monitored from company's home office if a data link can be provided.
Mobility: Depends on the type of power-generating equipment and whether drilling equipment is needed for large spills.
Cold climate applicability: This process aids natural degradation. Once the native soil microbes go into hibernation, the process ends. The process may delay or reduce the depth of freezing because of heat generated by the soil's resistance to the power flow.
Approximate cost to treat a cubic yard: More than $100.
Manufacturer's comments: There is minimal site disturbance from the addition of electrodes used to induce power flow. The electrokinetic process is extremely effective in low permeability soils because the migration of ions and pore fluid is governed by electro-osmotic conductivity, not hydraulic gradients.
Formal research: Yalcin B. Acar, M. Fazle Fabbi, and Elif E. Ozsu. Electrokinetic Injection of Ammonium and Sulfate Ions Into Sand and Kaolinite Beds. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering. March 1997.
Yalcin B. Acar, Elif E. Ozsu, Akram Alshawabkeh, M. Fazle Rabbi, and R. J. Gale. Enhance Soil Bioremediation With Electrical Fields. Chemtech. April 1996.
Field users' contacts:
Randy Parker
EPA Office of Research and Development
National Risk Management Research Laboratory
Cincinnati, OH 45268
Phone: 513–569–7271
Additional databases: CLU-IN, REACH IT
Product name: EnviroMech Gold
Product category: Biocatalyst
Manufacturer information:
Herb Pearse
Eco-Tec, Inc.
P.O. Box 690
Vaughn, WA 98394
Phone: 425–201–6848
Fax: 425–201–6848
E-mail: herbpearse@email.msn.com
Web site: http://www.eco-tech.com/
Manufacturer's claims: The biocatalyst suspends contaminant molecules by creating a colloid though micelle formation. It basically suspends the contaminants in an aqueous solution. This colloidal system allows contaminant-degrading microbes much easier access to the contaminant because of the increased surface area.
Site maintenance intensity: Depends on the remediation technique used.
Mobility: This aqueous product can be carried by any means available.
Cold climate applicability: The optimal temperature is from 70 to 80 °F. The product will function between freezing and 200 °F.
Approximate cost to treat a cubic yard: $18 to $45, depending on the concentration and soil type.
Manufacturer's comments: The product can be used with: bioremediation, landfarming, soil washing, and soil filtration. It can also be used for remediation of contamination in water. Please contact the manufacturer for cases relating to your applications. Companies that have used the product include Chevron and the Southern Pacific Railroad.
Formal research: In progress.
Field users' contacts:
Michael lam
Nowicki and Associates
33516 9th Ave. South, Bldg. No. 6
Federal Way, WA 98003
John Reese
Evergreen Enviro Consulting
300 25th Ave. South
Seattle, WA 98144
Additional databases: REACH IT
Product name: ENVIRONOC
Product category: Microbial cultures
Manufacturer information:
Biodyne, Inc.
959 Paschal Place
Sarasota, FL 34232-2847
Phone: 941–377–6621
Fax: 941–379–9896
E-mail: Biodyne-srq@msn.com
Web site: http://www.biodyne-srq.com
Manufacturer's claims: Blends of microbial cultures with broad degradation capabilities that can enhance the removal of a variety of contaminants from sludge, soil, and groundwater. Microbial blends are freeze-dried, producing high population counts once they are applied in the field. Optimum pH range is 6 to 8. Most strains are aerobic, but some are capable of anaerobic activity.
Site maintenance intensity: Depends on the application technique used.
Cold climate applicability: Blends perform best in a range of 45 to 90 °F.
Approximate cost to treat a cubic yard: $5 to $10 depending on the soil's bulk density and the contamination level.
Manufacturer's comments: The key to successful treatment is giving the microbes an optimum environment in which to work. The company has more than 10 years experience.
Field users' contacts: Contact the manufacturer for field users with similar treatment needs.
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