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Treatment of Petroleum-Contaminated Soils
Product name: Phytoremediation
Product category: Site enhancement, revegetation
Manufacturer information:
Ari Ferro
Phytokinetics, Inc.
1770 North Research Parkway North
Logan, UT 84341
Phone: 435–750–0985
Fax: 435–750–6296
Web site: http://www.phytokinetics.com
Manufacturer's claims: Phytoremediation uses plants to cleanse the site of hydrocarbon-based chemicals. In the zone of soil around the plant root (rhizosphere), there is an abundance of metabolically active microbes that can degrade organic contaminants. Moreover, the plants themselves can take up certain organic contaminants and certain plant enzyme systems can detoxify or degrade contaminants. Additional benefits include soil stabilization and site beautification.
Site maintenance intensity: Depends on weeding, fertilization, and irrigation needs. Once established, very little maintenance is needed.
Mobility: Standard agricultural tools and supplies are needed.
Cold climate applicability: Phytoremediation is most effective during the growing season, although enhanced degradation can extend into late fall and early spring.
Approximate cost to treat a cubic yard: Highly dependent on individual site conditions and objectives.
Formal research: International Journal of Phytoremediation (CRC Press).
Field users' contacts:
Steve Rock
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Phone: 513–569–7149
Additional databases: CLU-IN, REACH IT
Product name: ProZorb
Product category: Absorbent
Manufacturer information:
Gary Snyder, Environmental Director
Blue Ribbon Environmental Products, Inc.
6310 North Pittsburgh
Spokane, WA 99217
Phone: 509–489–1704
Fax: 509–489–1785
E-mail: info@bre-products.com
Web site: http://www.bre-products.com
Manufacturer's claims: A mixture of C, N, P, K, surfactants, water and air designed to encapsulate petroleum hydrocarbons, enhance biodegradation, and be biodegradable. ProZorb will absorb up to 60:1 by weight and 1:1 by volume of target contaminants. Target contaminants are encapsulated inside the capillary tubes and will not leach out or off. ProZorb is composed of natural nutrients and trace elements, making it an effective bioremediation accelerator. ProZorb, along with its encapsulated hydrocarbons, will decompose into water, carbon, and carbon dioxide in 45 to 60 days. ProZorb is also available with REM-3 microbes.
Mobility: 1 cubic foot of ProZorb weighs 2 to 3 pounds. Available in a variety of forms: pillows, loose particulate, fueling bibs, hydraulic hose socks, mats, and so forth.
Cold climate applicability: The more viscous the liquid, the slower the rate of absorption. Optimal temperature range is 40 to 120 °F. The product is effective as long as the hydrocarbon substance is in a liquid form.
Approximate cost to treat a cubic yard: $29 to $40 when used as a remediation agent.
Manufacturer's comments: Works well for marine applications. When using ProZorb in a bioremediation application, the company advises using SoilUTION as a cleaning/wetting agent. ProZorb may also work on heavy metals in limited applications.
Formal research: Study in progress.
Field users' contacts:
Kreg Beck
Idaho Department of Environmental Quality
2110 Ironwood Parkway
Coeur d' Alene, ID 83814
Phone: 208–769–1422
Additional references are available from the manufacturer.
Product name: REM-3
Product category: Microbial cultures.
Manufacturer information:
Gary Snyder, Environmental Director
Blue Ribbon Environmental Products, Inc.
6310 North Pittsburgh
Spokane, WA 99217
Phone: 509–489–1704
Fax: 509–489–1785
E-mail: info@bre-products.com
Web site: http://www.bre-products.com
Manufacturer's claims: Cultures are specifically designed to biodegrade petroleum hydrocarbons. The REM-3 microbes are acclimated to petroleum-based sludge during their production, allowing them to become very efficient at degrading petroleum hydrocarbons. Populations will grow in the presence of oxygen, nutrients, and oil and can be used as seed stock for bioreactors. REM-3 cultures die off when all hydrocarbons are consumed, leaving no toxic residues or byproducts. Concentration: 5 billion CFU (colony forming units) per gram.
Site maintenance intensity: Depends on the application technique used.
Conditions: Moisture content around 30 percent, oxygen, nutrients/petroleum (food). Otherwise, maintenance should be minimal.
Mobility: REM-3 is best transported in a dry state and can be activated by water or a water-based liquid at the site.
Cold climate applicability: Temperatures below freezing will adversely affect bioremediation. Underground remediation will create some heat, so remediation will be slowed only near the frost line. Optimal temperature 40 to 120 °F.
Approximate cost to treat a cubic yard: $29.99 per pound. For TPH (total petroleum hydrocarbons) levels less than 100,000, $3 per cubic yard, $6 per cubic yard if used with SoilUTION.
Manufacturer's comments: Best used with SoilUTION.
Product name: Rubberizer
Product category: Absorbent
Manufacturer information:
Ronald A. Woerpel
Advanced Aquatic Products International, Inc.
1107 Key Plaza, Suite 201
Key West, FL 33040
Phone: 305–292–3070
Web site: http://www.rubberizer.com
Manufacturer's claims: Absorbs hydrocarbons and encapsulates them into an asphalt-like substance.
Mobility: Available in a variety of forms: pillows, loose particulate, fueling bibs, hydraulic hose socks, mats, and so forth.
Cold climate applicability: The more viscous the liquid, the slower the rate of absorption.
Manufacturer's comments: This product passed U.S. Environmental Protection Agency leachate standards. Absorbed oils can be transported as a nonhazardous solid. Once activated, Rubberizer will trap volatile vapors.
Field users' comments: Very effective in absorbing lighter-end oil products.
Formal research:
Field users' contacts:
Commander J.A. Waton
2716 North Harbor Dr.
San Diego, CA 92101
Additional references are available from the manufacturer.
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