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Trail Construction and Maintenance Notebook

Figure 17

Drawing of log or treated timber waterbar and anchors.

Drawing of how a waterbar is placed in a trail and different anchoring methods. The figure is entitled 'Log or Treated Timber Waterbar and Anchors' and includes four images.

The top image is of a trail that has a waterbar and anchors. Text used for labeling is shown as follows:

  • 'Embed log 300 mm (12 in) (min.) into bank.' Arrows label the distance the log is embedded into the side of the trail.

  • 'Toe of bank' labels the edge of the trail.

  • 'Typical outslope 5 to 8%' is shown with a slanted arrow.

  • An arrow points to the point where the log meets the trail labeled 'Log flush with tread on downgrade side.'

  • On other side of trail, the edge of the log extends beyond the edge and is labeled as 'Extended log 300 mm (12 in) beyond edge of trail' with arrows showing the distance.

  • The top of the waterbar is labeled with an arrow and the text 'Top of waterbar is 150 mm (12 in) above surface on upgrade side.'

  • The 'Outslope to daylight' is labeled with a slanted arrow showing it's direction. Off of that another line is added to make show angle of the skew waterbar in degrees. That line is labeled 'Skew waterbar 45 to 60°.

  • The 'Downgrade' is also labeled with an arrow.

The bottom three images are entitled 'Anchoring Methods'. They are labeled as follows

  • The left image shows a side view of the log and its anchoring method.

    • The 'Trail tread' is labeled.

    • There is a rock shown on the top of the log and squeezed into the space between the trail tread and the log. It is labeled 'Rock anchor'.

    • The log is labeled with the text 'Log 300 mm (12 in) diameter'.

  • The center image shows a side view of a square log and its anchoring method.

    • The distance between the lower and upper part of the trail is labeled '100 mm (4 in) (min.)' with an arrow showing this height.

    • The log is 'Embed 1/3 (min)' into the ground.

    • There is a steel pin that goes through the center of the log and into the ground. It is labeled with the text 'Steel pin flush with top, rebar #4 by 450 mm (18 in)'.

    • The log is labeled with the text 'Square treated timber 200 mm (8 in)'.

  • The right image show the side view of the log and its anchoring method.

    • The 'Trail tread' is labeled.

    • There are two large nails on both sides of the log holding it in place. They are labeled '40d barbed or ring shank nails' and '50 by 450 mm (2 by 18 in) square hardwood stakes' and are shown with an arrow.