An Ax to Grind: A Practical Ax Manual
Figure 106 Long Description
Illustration showing and describing how to tell if an ax is defective or abused. The illustration has text that reads:
A Defective Axe will break as shown below by Numbers 1, 2, and 4, or if soft the edge will bend.
Number 3 represents sound breaks which are no fault of the axe or its maker. Misuse of a good axe is the cause. Dealers will allow no claim under any circumstance for a break of this character.
This break may often be avoided by warming the axe before using on a very cold. day.
If an Axe breaks across or under the eye, and the poll is not battered, the axe is probably defective; but if the poll is battered it is safe to assume that the axe is not at fault. Axes are not designed or intended to be used as mauls or wedges.