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  1. Evaluation of several methods of applying sewage effluent to forested soils in the winter.

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    Author(s): Alfred Ray Harris
    Date: 1978
    Source: Research Paper NC-162. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station
    Publication Series: Research Paper (RP)
    Station: North Central Research Station
    PDF: View PDF  (1.38 MB)

    Description

    Surface application methods result in heat loss, deep soil frost, and surface ice accumulations; subsurface methods decrease heat loss and produce shallower frost. Distribution of effluent within the frozen soil is a function of surface application methods, piping due to macropores and biopores, and water movement due to temperature gradients. Nitrate is not renovated.

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    Citation

    Harris, Alfred Ray. 1978. Evaluation of several methods of applying sewage effluent to forested soils in the winter. Research Paper NC-162. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station

    Keywords

    soil water renovation, infiltrations, soil heat loss, soil water movement, effluent distribution

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