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  1. Collar crack of birch

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    Author(s): Alex L. Shigo
    Date: 1964
    Source: Research Note NE-22. Upper Darby, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station. 1-4
    Publication Series: Research Note (RN)
    Station: Northeastern Research Station
    PDF: View PDF  (489.89 KB)

    Description

    The name "Collar crack" is suggested for a condition of birches observed in the past 4 years during field studies of forest disease problems in the White Mountains of New Hampshire. The first close observations of this condition were made during the summer of 1963. This is a report on those observations and an explanation of the possible cause.

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    • This article was written and prepared by U.S. Government employees on official time, and is therefore in the public domain.

    Citation

    Shigo, Alex L. 1964. Collar crack of birch. Research Note NE-22. Upper Darby, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station. 1-4

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