The significance of urban trees and forests: toward a deeper understanding of values

Many city dwellers hold very strong personal ties to urban trees and forests, with some attachments approaching a spiritual involvement. Ties between people and trees are associated with traditions, symbolism, and the need to "get involved" at the local level to sustain or enhance the environment for present and future generations. Urban forestry programs that aim to improve quality of life in urban areas will be most effective if urbanites learn about the basic biological needs of trees. At the same time managers and planners must learn about the many psychological, social, and cultural needs that trees and forests fulfill for urbanites.