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  1. Energy harvesting from wood floor vibration using a piezoelectric generator

    Vibration can occur in wood floor systems as a consequence of a variety of human activities, ranging from common daily movements associated with individuals living in homes to high-intensity activities associated with sporting events that are held in large sports arenas. For example, the potential for harvesting energy from a wooden floor system in public buildings...

    https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/search?keywords=%22Generations%22&%3Bf%5B0%5D=author_facet%3A%22Cole%2C%20David%22&f%5B0%5D=author_facet%3A%22Delany%2C%20Diane%22&f%5B1%5D=author_facet%3A%22Beatty%2C%20Jerry%22&f%5B2%5D=author_facet%3A%22Wang%2C%20Xiping%22&f%5B3%5D=author_facet%3A%22Walton%2C%20Jeffrey%22&f%5B4%5D=author_facet%3A%22Illman%2C%20Barbara%22&f%5B5%5D=author_facet%3A%22Porth%2C%20Laurie%22

    Author(s):
    Jiangming Kan; Robert J. Ross; Xiping Wang; Wenbin Li
    Year:
    2017
    Keywords:
    Energy harvesting, piezoelectric property, vibration, wood floor systems
    Source:
    Research Note, FPL–RN–0347. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory. 9 p.

  2. Effects of size and moisture on stress wave E-rating of structural lumber

    This paper discusses the effects of size and moisture content on stress wave properties of wood and evaluates the...

    https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/search?keywords=%22Generations%22&%3Bf%5B0%5D=author_facet%3A%22Cole%2C%20David%22&f%5B0%5D=author_facet%3A%22Delany%2C%20Diane%22&f%5B1%5D=author_facet%3A%22Beatty%2C%20Jerry%22&f%5B2%5D=author_facet%3A%22Wang%2C%20Xiping%22&f%5B3%5D=author_facet%3A%22Walton%2C%20Jeffrey%22&f%5B4%5D=author_facet%3A%22Illman%2C%20Barbara%22&f%5B5%5D=author_facet%3A%22Porth%2C%20Laurie%22

    Author(s):
    Xiping Wang
    Year:
    2008
    Keywords:
    Wood grading, grading, flexure, mechanical properties, lumber, nondestructive testing, bending, moisture, stress waves, moisture content, elasticity, modulus of elasticity, wave mechanics, strength, structural timbers, bending strength, Douglas fir
    Source:
    Proceedings of the 10th world conference on timber engineering : Miyazaki, Japan, 2008 June 2-5. [S.l. : s.n.], 2008: [8] pages.

  3. Decay detection in red oak trees using a combination of visual inspection, acoustic testing, and resistance microdrilling

    Arborists are often challenged to identify internal structural defects hidden from view within tree trunks. This article reports the results of a study using a trunk inspection protocol combining visual observation, single-path stress wave testing, acoustic tomography, and resistance microdrilling to detect internal defects. Two century-old red oak (Quercus rubra)...

    https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/search?keywords=%22Generations%22&%3Bf%5B0%5D=author_facet%3A%22Cole%2C%20David%22&f%5B0%5D=author_facet%3A%22Delany%2C%20Diane%22&f%5B1%5D=author_facet%3A%22Beatty%2C%20Jerry%22&f%5B2%5D=author_facet%3A%22Wang%2C%20Xiping%22&f%5B3%5D=author_facet%3A%22Walton%2C%20Jeffrey%22&f%5B4%5D=author_facet%3A%22Illman%2C%20Barbara%22&f%5B5%5D=author_facet%3A%22Porth%2C%20Laurie%22

    Author(s):
    Xiping Wang; R. Bruce Allison
    Year:
    2008
    Keywords:
    Acoustic tomography, crack, decay, hazard tree, resistance microdrilling, resistograph, risk assessment, stress wave, wood, biodegradation, deterioration, diseases, pests, oak, grading, red oak, mechanical properties, acoustic properties, wood quality, drilling, boring, microdrilling, wood defects, nondestructive testing, Capitol Park (Madison, WI), acoustic testing, resistance to decay, oak decay, logs, standing trees
    Source:
    Arboriculture & urban forestry. Vol. 34, no. 1 (Jan. 2008): Pages 1-4.

  4. Nondestructive chemical imaging of wood at the micro-scale: advanced technology to complement macro-scale evaluations

    Chemical images help understanding of wood properties, durability, and cell wall deconstruction for conversion of lignocellulose to biofuels, nanocellulose and other value added chemicals in forest biorefineries. We describe here a new method for nondestructive chemical imaging of wood and wood-based materials at the micro-scale to complement macro-scale methods based...

    https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/search?keywords=%22Generations%22&%3Bf%5B0%5D=author_facet%3A%22Cole%2C%20David%22&f%5B0%5D=author_facet%3A%22Delany%2C%20Diane%22&f%5B1%5D=author_facet%3A%22Beatty%2C%20Jerry%22&f%5B2%5D=author_facet%3A%22Wang%2C%20Xiping%22&f%5B3%5D=author_facet%3A%22Walton%2C%20Jeffrey%22&f%5B4%5D=author_facet%3A%22Illman%2C%20Barbara%22&f%5B5%5D=author_facet%3A%22Porth%2C%20Laurie%22

    Author(s):
    Barbara L. Illman; Julia Sedlmair; Miriam Unger; Carol Hirschmugl
    Year:
    2013
    Keywords:
    wood, poplar, pine, chemical imaging, FTIR, lignocellulose, IRENI, synchrotron
    Source:
    In: USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, General Technical Report, FPL-GTR-226. pp. 331-335.

  5. Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation of Wood—50 Years of Research: International Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation of Wood Symposium Series

    The International Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation of Wood Symposium Series was initiated by Washington State University and the USDA Forest Products Laboratory (FPL) in 1963 with the convening of a symposium on the topic of nondestructive testing of wood at FPL. Including that meeting, 17 symposia have been held during the last 50 years at various sites around...

    https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/search?keywords=%22Generations%22&%3Bf%5B0%5D=author_facet%3A%22Cole%2C%20David%22&f%5B0%5D=author_facet%3A%22Delany%2C%20Diane%22&f%5B1%5D=author_facet%3A%22Beatty%2C%20Jerry%22&f%5B2%5D=author_facet%3A%22Wang%2C%20Xiping%22&f%5B3%5D=author_facet%3A%22Walton%2C%20Jeffrey%22&f%5B4%5D=author_facet%3A%22Illman%2C%20Barbara%22&f%5B5%5D=author_facet%3A%22Porth%2C%20Laurie%22

    Author(s):
    Robert J. Ross; Xiping Wang
    Year:
    2012
    Keywords:
    International Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation of Wood Symposium, nondestructive testing, nondestructive evaluation, wood, wood products
    Source:
    USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, General Technical Report, FPL-GTR-213, 2012.

  6. Chapter 6: Prehydrolysis Pulping with Fermentation Coproducts

    Although the term ?integrateed biorefinery? is new, the concept has long been familiar to the pulp and paper industry, where processes include biomass boilers providing combined heat and power, and byproducts of pulping include turpentine, fatty acids and resin acids. In the dominant kraft (or sulfate) pulping process, dissolved lignin and chemicals from the pulp...

    https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/search?keywords=%22Generations%22&%3Bf%5B0%5D=author_facet%3A%22Cole%2C%20David%22&f%5B0%5D=author_facet%3A%22Delany%2C%20Diane%22&f%5B1%5D=author_facet%3A%22Beatty%2C%20Jerry%22&f%5B2%5D=author_facet%3A%22Wang%2C%20Xiping%22&f%5B3%5D=author_facet%3A%22Walton%2C%20Jeffrey%22&f%5B4%5D=author_facet%3A%22Illman%2C%20Barbara%22&f%5B5%5D=author_facet%3A%22Porth%2C%20Laurie%22

    Author(s):
    T.H. Wegner; C.J. Houtman; A.W. Rudie; B.L. Illman; P.J. Ince; E.M. Bilek; T.W. Jeffries
    Year:
    2013
    Keywords:
    biorefinery, pulping, fermentation, modeling, VPP
    Source:
    In: RSC Green Chemistry No. 18, Integrated Forest Biorefineries, Edited by Lew Christopher. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2013, Published by the Royal Society of Chemistry, www.rsc.org; 2013; pp. 134-150.

  7. Stress Wave E-Rating of Structural Timber—Size and Moisture Content Effects

    The objectives of this study were to investigate the influence of cross sectional size and moisture content on stress wave properties of structural timber in various sizes and evaluate the feasibility of using stress wave method to E-rate timber in green conditions. Four different sizes of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) square timbers were...

    https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/search?keywords=%22Generations%22&%3Bf%5B0%5D=author_facet%3A%22Cole%2C%20David%22&f%5B0%5D=author_facet%3A%22Delany%2C%20Diane%22&f%5B1%5D=author_facet%3A%22Beatty%2C%20Jerry%22&f%5B2%5D=author_facet%3A%22Wang%2C%20Xiping%22&f%5B3%5D=author_facet%3A%22Walton%2C%20Jeffrey%22&f%5B4%5D=author_facet%3A%22Illman%2C%20Barbara%22&f%5B5%5D=author_facet%3A%22Porth%2C%20Laurie%22

    Author(s):
    Xiping Wang
    Year:
    2013
    Keywords:
    Stress wave, structural timber, modulus of elasticity, moisture content, size
    Source:
    In: USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, General Technical Report, FPL-GTR-226, 2013; pp. 38-46

  8. Chapter 7: Nondestructive Testing in the Urban Forest

    Trees within an urban community provide measurable aesthetic, social, ecological and economic benefits. When growing normally and stably, they contribute to making a city more livable and comfortable for its inhabitants. However, as large physical structures in close proximity to people and property, their failure can cause harm. The science of tree stability analysis...

    https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/search?keywords=%22Generations%22&%3Bf%5B0%5D=author_facet%3A%22Cole%2C%20David%22&f%5B0%5D=author_facet%3A%22Delany%2C%20Diane%22&f%5B1%5D=author_facet%3A%22Beatty%2C%20Jerry%22&f%5B2%5D=author_facet%3A%22Wang%2C%20Xiping%22&f%5B3%5D=author_facet%3A%22Walton%2C%20Jeffrey%22&f%5B4%5D=author_facet%3A%22Illman%2C%20Barbara%22&f%5B5%5D=author_facet%3A%22Porth%2C%20Laurie%22

    Author(s):
    R. Bruce Allison; Xiping Wang
    Year:
    2015
    Keywords:
    wood, timber, nondestructive testing, nondestructive evaluation
    Source:
    USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, General Technical Report, FPL-GTR-238, 2015; p. 77-86.

  9. Chemistry of wood in 3D: new infrared imaging

    Chemical detection, mapping and imaging in three dimensions will help refine our understanding of wood properties and durability. We describe here a pioneering infrared method to create visual 3D images of the chemicals in wood, providing for the first time, spatial and architectural information at the cellular level without liquid extraction or prior fixation....

    https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/search?keywords=%22Generations%22&%3Bf%5B0%5D=author_facet%3A%22Cole%2C%20David%22&f%5B0%5D=author_facet%3A%22Delany%2C%20Diane%22&f%5B1%5D=author_facet%3A%22Beatty%2C%20Jerry%22&f%5B2%5D=author_facet%3A%22Wang%2C%20Xiping%22&f%5B3%5D=author_facet%3A%22Walton%2C%20Jeffrey%22&f%5B4%5D=author_facet%3A%22Illman%2C%20Barbara%22&f%5B5%5D=author_facet%3A%22Porth%2C%20Laurie%22

    Author(s):
    Barbara L. Illman; Julia Sedlmair; Miriam Unger; Casey Crooks; Marli Oliveira; Carol Hirschmugl
    Year:
    2015
    Keywords:
    wood, tomography, Populus, infrared, FTIR, synchrotron, 3D imaging
    Source:
    Proceedings paper: 19th International Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation of Wood Symposium, September 22-15, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 2015; 5 p.

  10. Quantifying sources of variation in the frequency of fungi associated with spruce beetles: implications for hypothesis testing and sampling methodology in bark beetle-symbiont relationships.

    The spruce beetle, Dendroctonus rufipennis (Kirby), causes landscape level mortality to mature spruce (Picea spp.) throughout western and northern North America. As with other bark beetles, this beetle is associated with a variety of fungi, whose ecological functions are largely unknown. It has been proposed that the relative...

    https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/search?keywords=%22Generations%22&%3Bf%5B0%5D=author_facet%3A%22Cole%2C%20David%22&f%5B0%5D=author_facet%3A%22Delany%2C%20Diane%22&f%5B1%5D=author_facet%3A%22Beatty%2C%20Jerry%22&f%5B2%5D=author_facet%3A%22Wang%2C%20Xiping%22&f%5B3%5D=author_facet%3A%22Walton%2C%20Jeffrey%22&f%5B4%5D=author_facet%3A%22Illman%2C%20Barbara%22&f%5B5%5D=author_facet%3A%22Porth%2C%20Laurie%22

    Author(s):
    Brian H. Aukema; Richard A. Werner; Kirsten E. Haberkern; Barbara L. Illman; Murray K. Clayton; Kenneth F. Raffa
    Year:
    2005
    Keywords:
    Dendroctonus rufipennis, generalized linear models, Leptographium abietinum, population dynamics, variance components
    Source:
    Forest Ecology and Management. 217: 187-202

  11. Acoustic assessment of stress level and potential wood quality of logs affected by oak decline

    https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/search?keywords=%22Generations%22&%3Bf%5B0%5D=author_facet%3A%22Cole%2C%20David%22&f%5B0%5D=author_facet%3A%22Delany%2C%20Diane%22&f%5B1%5D=author_facet%3A%22Beatty%2C%20Jerry%22&f%5B2%5D=author_facet%3A%22Wang%2C%20Xiping%22&f%5B3%5D=author_facet%3A%22Walton%2C%20Jeffrey%22&f%5B4%5D=author_facet%3A%22Illman%2C%20Barbara%22&f%5B5%5D=author_facet%3A%22Porth%2C%20Laurie%22

    Author(s):
    Xiping Wang; Henry E. Stelzer; Jan Wiedenbeck; Robert J. Ross
    Year:
    2007
    Keywords:
    Source:

  12. Invasive forest species

    Nonnative organisms that cause a major change to native ecosystems-once called foreign species, biological invasions, alien invasives, exotics, or biohazards?are now generally referred to as invasive species or invasives. invasive species of insects, fungi, plants, fish, and other organisms present a rising threat to natural forest ecosystems worldwide. Invasive...

    https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/search?keywords=%22Generations%22&%3Bf%5B0%5D=author_facet%3A%22Cole%2C%20David%22&f%5B0%5D=author_facet%3A%22Delany%2C%20Diane%22&f%5B1%5D=author_facet%3A%22Beatty%2C%20Jerry%22&f%5B2%5D=author_facet%3A%22Wang%2C%20Xiping%22&f%5B3%5D=author_facet%3A%22Walton%2C%20Jeffrey%22&f%5B4%5D=author_facet%3A%22Illman%2C%20Barbara%22&f%5B5%5D=author_facet%3A%22Porth%2C%20Laurie%22

    Author(s):
    Barbara L. Illman
    Year:
    2006
    Keywords:
    Biological invasions, forest ecology, nonindigenous pests, introduced organisms, pest introduction, forests and forestry, diseases, pests, invasive species
    Source:
    McGraw-Hill yearbook of science & technology, 2006. New York : McGraw-Hill, c2006: Pages 177-180.

  13. Stress-wave velocity of wood-based panels: effect of moisture, product type, and material direction

    The effect of moisture on longitudinal stress-wave velocity (SWV), bending stiffness. and bending strength of commercial oriented strandboard, plywood. particleboard. and southern pine lumber was evaluated. It was shown that the stress-wave verocity decreased in general with increases in panel moisture content (MC). At a given MC level. SWV varied with panel type and...

    https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/search?keywords=%22Generations%22&%3Bf%5B0%5D=author_facet%3A%22Cole%2C%20David%22&f%5B0%5D=author_facet%3A%22Delany%2C%20Diane%22&f%5B1%5D=author_facet%3A%22Beatty%2C%20Jerry%22&f%5B2%5D=author_facet%3A%22Wang%2C%20Xiping%22&f%5B3%5D=author_facet%3A%22Walton%2C%20Jeffrey%22&f%5B4%5D=author_facet%3A%22Illman%2C%20Barbara%22&f%5B5%5D=author_facet%3A%22Porth%2C%20Laurie%22

    Author(s):
    Guangping Han; Qinglin Wu; Xiping Wang
    Year:
    2006
    Keywords:
    Lumber, moisture, modulus of elasticity, elasticity, wave mechanics, stress waves, bending, particle board, nondestructive testing, plywood, southern pine, oriented strandboard, OSB, stiffness, bending strength, moisture content
    Source:
    Forest products journal. Vol. 56, no. 1 (Jan. 2006): Pages 28-33

  14. Heat sterilization of wood

    Two important questions should be considered in heat sterilizing solid wood materials: First, what temperature?time regime is required to kill a particular pest? Second, how much time is required to heat the center of any wood configuration to the kill temperature? The entomology research on the first question has facilitated the development of international standards...

    https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/search?keywords=%22Generations%22&%3Bf%5B0%5D=author_facet%3A%22Cole%2C%20David%22&f%5B0%5D=author_facet%3A%22Delany%2C%20Diane%22&f%5B1%5D=author_facet%3A%22Beatty%2C%20Jerry%22&f%5B2%5D=author_facet%3A%22Wang%2C%20Xiping%22&f%5B3%5D=author_facet%3A%22Walton%2C%20Jeffrey%22&f%5B4%5D=author_facet%3A%22Illman%2C%20Barbara%22&f%5B5%5D=author_facet%3A%22Porth%2C%20Laurie%22

    Author(s):
    Xiping Wang
    Year:
    2010
    Keywords:
    Heat treatment, sterilization, packaging, pest control, standards, heat equation, lumber, regression analysis, insect control, wood sterilization, temperature, heat sterilization, heating time, invasive species, specifications, standards
    Source:
    Wood handbook : wood as an engineering material: chapter 20. Centennial ed. General technical report FPL ; GTR-190. Madison, WI : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 2010: p. 20.1-20.13.

  15. Diffraction-limited IR Microspectroscopy with IRENI

    In a unique way, IRENI (Infrared environmental Imaging), operated at the Synchrotron Radiation Center in Madison, combines IR spectroscopy and IR imaging, revealing the chemical morphology of a sample. Most storage ring based IR confocal microscopes have to overcome a trade-off between spatial resolution versus...

    https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/search?keywords=%22Generations%22&%3Bf%5B0%5D=author_facet%3A%22Cole%2C%20David%22&f%5B0%5D=author_facet%3A%22Delany%2C%20Diane%22&f%5B1%5D=author_facet%3A%22Beatty%2C%20Jerry%22&f%5B2%5D=author_facet%3A%22Wang%2C%20Xiping%22&f%5B3%5D=author_facet%3A%22Walton%2C%20Jeffrey%22&f%5B4%5D=author_facet%3A%22Illman%2C%20Barbara%22&f%5B5%5D=author_facet%3A%22Porth%2C%20Laurie%22

    Author(s):
    J. Sedlmair; B. Illman; M. Unger; C. Hirschmugl
    Year:
    2012
    Keywords:
    Chemical imaging, FTIR, synchrotron/poplar wood, microanalysis
    Source:
    Microsc. Microanal. 18 (Suppl 2), 2012; pp. 840-841.

  16. Chapter 8: Acoustic Assessment of Wood Quality in Trees and Logs

    Assessing the quality of raw wood materials has become a crucial issue in the operational value chain as forestry and the wood processing industry are increasingly under economic pressure to maximize extracted value. A significant effort has been devoted toward developing robust nondestructive evaluation (NDE) technologies capable of predicting the intrinsic wood...

    https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/search?keywords=%22Generations%22&%3Bf%5B0%5D=author_facet%3A%22Cole%2C%20David%22&f%5B0%5D=author_facet%3A%22Delany%2C%20Diane%22&f%5B1%5D=author_facet%3A%22Beatty%2C%20Jerry%22&f%5B2%5D=author_facet%3A%22Wang%2C%20Xiping%22&f%5B3%5D=author_facet%3A%22Walton%2C%20Jeffrey%22&f%5B4%5D=author_facet%3A%22Illman%2C%20Barbara%22&f%5B5%5D=author_facet%3A%22Porth%2C%20Laurie%22

    Author(s):
    Xiping Wang; Peter Carter
    Year:
    2015
    Keywords:
    wood, timber, nondestructive testing, nondestructive evaluation
    Source:
    USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, General Technical Report, FPL-GTR-238, 2015; pp. 87-101.

  17. Proceedings: 19th International Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation of Wood Symposium

    The 19th International Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation of Wood Symposium was hosted by the University of Campinas, College of Agricultural Engineering (FEAGRI/UNICAMP), and the Brazilian Association of Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation (ABENDI) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, on September 22?25, 2015. This Symposium was a forum for those involved in nondestructive...

    https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/search?keywords=%22Generations%22&%3Bf%5B0%5D=author_facet%3A%22Cole%2C%20David%22&f%5B0%5D=author_facet%3A%22Delany%2C%20Diane%22&f%5B1%5D=author_facet%3A%22Beatty%2C%20Jerry%22&f%5B2%5D=author_facet%3A%22Wang%2C%20Xiping%22&f%5B3%5D=author_facet%3A%22Walton%2C%20Jeffrey%22&f%5B4%5D=author_facet%3A%22Illman%2C%20Barbara%22&f%5B5%5D=author_facet%3A%22Porth%2C%20Laurie%22

    Author(s):
    Robert J. Ross; Raquel Gonçalves; Xiping Wang
    Year:
    2015
    Keywords:
    International Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation of Wood Symposium, nondestructive testing, nondestructive evaluation, wood, wood products
    Source:
    USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, General Technical Report, FPL-GTR-239, 2015; 688 p.

  18. Lateral load performance of SIP walls with full bearing

    The purpose of this study was to develop test data needed to characterize lateral load performance of structural insulated panel (SIP) walls with full bearing (restrained). The research program involved structural testing of 29 full-size SIP walls (8 ft tall by 8 ft long) of various configurations that bracket a range of SIP wall configurations commonly used in the...

    https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/search?keywords=%22Generations%22&%3Bf%5B0%5D=author_facet%3A%22Cole%2C%20David%22&f%5B0%5D=author_facet%3A%22Delany%2C%20Diane%22&f%5B1%5D=author_facet%3A%22Beatty%2C%20Jerry%22&f%5B2%5D=author_facet%3A%22Wang%2C%20Xiping%22&f%5B3%5D=author_facet%3A%22Walton%2C%20Jeffrey%22&f%5B4%5D=author_facet%3A%22Illman%2C%20Barbara%22&f%5B5%5D=author_facet%3A%22Porth%2C%20Laurie%22

    Author(s):
    Boren Yeh; Tom Skaggs; Xiping Wang; Tom Williamson
    Year:
    2018
    Keywords:
    Cyclic performance, drift, ductility, full bearing, over-strength, structural insulated panel (SIP)
    Source:
    Gen. Tech. Rep. FPL-GTR-251. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest products Laboratory. 25 p.

  19. Measuring wood quality in standing trees--a review

    This report summarizes a state-of-the-art review conducted on the topic of field measurement of the quality of wood in trees. The foundation science of micro-resistance drilling and acoustic-based techniques for use with woody materials is presented, and use of these techniques for the detection of biodeterioration in wood is discussed. Quantification of the physical...

    https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/search?keywords=%22Generations%22&%3Bf%5B0%5D=author_facet%3A%22Cole%2C%20David%22&f%5B0%5D=author_facet%3A%22Delany%2C%20Diane%22&f%5B1%5D=author_facet%3A%22Beatty%2C%20Jerry%22&f%5B2%5D=author_facet%3A%22Wang%2C%20Xiping%22&f%5B3%5D=author_facet%3A%22Walton%2C%20Jeffrey%22&f%5B4%5D=author_facet%3A%22Illman%2C%20Barbara%22&f%5B5%5D=author_facet%3A%22Porth%2C%20Laurie%22

    Author(s):
    Mark Rudnicki; Xiping Wang; Robert J. Ross; R. Bruce Allison; Kevin Perzynski
    Year:
    2017
    Keywords:
    Decay, nondestructive evaluation, stiffness, trees, wood property, wood quality
    Source:
    Gen. Tech. Rep. FPL-GTR-248. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory. 13 p.

  20. Heat sterilization time of ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir boards and square timbers

    To prevent the unintentional transfer of insects and pathogens during world trade, wood products are often heat sterilized. The general requirement is that the center of the wood configuration be held at 133°F (56°C) for 30 min. However, many factors can affect the time required to reach this temperature. This study explored several of these factors, including...

    https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/search?keywords=%22Generations%22&%3Bf%5B0%5D=author_facet%3A%22Cole%2C%20David%22&f%5B0%5D=author_facet%3A%22Delany%2C%20Diane%22&f%5B1%5D=author_facet%3A%22Beatty%2C%20Jerry%22&f%5B2%5D=author_facet%3A%22Wang%2C%20Xiping%22&f%5B3%5D=author_facet%3A%22Walton%2C%20Jeffrey%22&f%5B4%5D=author_facet%3A%22Illman%2C%20Barbara%22&f%5B5%5D=author_facet%3A%22Porth%2C%20Laurie%22

    Author(s):
    William T. Simpson; Xiping Wang; Steve Verrill
    Year:
    2003
    Keywords:
    Heat sterilization, lumber, dry kilns
    Source:
    Res. Pap. FPL-RP-607. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory. 24 p.

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