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  1. ISPM No. 15 and the incidence of wood pests: Recent findings, policy changes, and current knowledge gaps

    Largely as a result of international trade, hundreds of species of bark- and wood-infesting insects have become established in countries outside their native range. Many of these exotic insects have caused severe economic and environmental impact to urban and forest trees in the receiving countries. Most bark- and wood-infesting insects have been transported to new...

    Author(s):
    Robert A. Haack; Eckehard G. Brockerhoff
    Year:
    2011
    Keywords:
    fumigation, heat treatment, ISPM 15, quarantine pest, wood packaging material
    Source:
    Paper presented at the 42nd annual meeting of the International Research Group on Wood Protection, Section 3, Queenstown, NZ. IRG/WP-11-30568. 11 p.

  2. Bark- and wood-borer colonization of logs and lumber after heat treatment to ISPM 15 specifications: the role of residual bark

    Wood packaging material (WPM) is a major pathway for international movement of bark- and wood-infesting insects. ISPM 15, the first international standard for treating WPM, was adopted in 2002 and first implemented in the United States in 2006. ISPM 15 allows bark to remain on WPM after treatment, raising concerns that insects could infest after treatment, especially...

    Author(s):
    Robert A. Haack; Toby R. Petrice
    Year:
    2009
    Keywords:
    Cerambycidae, Curculionidae, Scolytidae, Scolytinae, heat treatment
    Source:
    Journal of Economic Entomology. 102(3): 1075-1084.

  3. Seeking alternatives to probit 9 when developing treatments for wood packaging materials under ISPM No. 15

    ISPM No. 15 presents guidelines for treating wood packaging material used in international trade. There are currently two approved phytosanitary treatments: heat treatment and methyl bromide fumigation. New treatments are under development, and are needed given that methyl bromide is being phased out. Probit 9 efficacy (100% mortality of at least 93 613 test organisms...

    Author(s):
    R.A. Haack; A. Uzunovic; K. Hoover; J.A. Cook
    Year:
    2011
    Keywords:
    Source:
    EPPO Bulletin 41: 39-45.

  4. Do bark beetles and wood borers infest lumber following heat treatment? The role of bark

    Wood packing material (WPM) is an important pathway for the movement of bark- and wood-infesting insects (Haack 2006). New international standards for treating WPM, often referred to as "ISPM 15," were adopted in 2002 (FAO 2002). The two approved WPM treatments are heat treatment (56? C core temperature for 30 min) and fumigation with methyl bromide. These...

    Author(s):
    Robert A. Haack; Toby R. Petrice; Pascal Nzokou
    Year:
    2007
    Keywords:
    Source:
    In: Gottschalk, Kurt W., ed. Proceedings, 17th U.S. Department of Agriculture interagency research forum on gypsy moth and other invasive species 2006; Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-P-10. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station: 46.

  5. Demonstrating the benefits of phytosanitary regulations: the case of ISPM 15

    Invasions of non-indigenous insects and pathogens threaten trees and forest ecosystems worldwide. For example, the arrival and spread of the pathogens causing chestnut blight and Dutch elm disease, along with the bark beetles vectoring the latter, had dramatic effects on North American forests. Despite our improved awareness of the risks associated with biological...

    Author(s):
    Eckehard G. Brockerhoff; Juliann E. Aukema; Joseph F. Cavey; Lynn J. Garrett; Robert A. Haack; Mark Kimberley; Andrew M. Liebhold; Frank L. Lowenstein; Carissa Marasas; Amelia Nuding; Lars Olson; Christa Speekmann; Michael Springborn; Christina Vieglais; James Turner
    Year:
    2011
    Keywords:
    Source:
    In: McManus, Katherine A; Gottschalk, Kurt W., eds. 2010. Proceedings. 21st U.S. Department of Agriculture interagency research forum on invasive species 2010; 2010 January 12-15; Annapolis, MD. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-P-75. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station: 6-7.

  6. Common pathways by which non-native forest insects move internationally and domestically

    International trade and movement of people are largely responsible for increasing numbers of non-native insect introductions to new environments. For forest insects, trade in live plants and transport of wood packaging material (WPM) are considered the most important pathways facilitating long-distance invasions. These two pathways as well as trade in firewood, logs,...

    Author(s):
    Nicolas Meurisse; Davide Rassati; Brett P. Hurley; Eckehard G. Brockerhoff; Robert A. Haack
    Year:
    2019
    Keywords:
    Biological invasions, Global change, Globalization, Invasion pathways, ISPM, Phytosanitary policy
    Source:
    Journal of Pest Science

  7. Effectiveness of the International Phytosanitary Standard ISPM No. 15 on reducing wood borer infestation rates in wood packaging material entering the United States

    Numerous bark- and wood-infesting insects have been introduced to new countries by international trade where some have caused severe environmental and economic damage. Wood packaging material (WPM), such as pallets, is one of the high risk pathways for the introduction of wood pests. International recognition of this risk resulted in adoption of International Standards...

    Author(s):
    Robert A. Haack; Kerry O. Britton; Eckelhard G. Brockerhoff; Joseph F. Cavey; Lynn J. Garrett; Mark Kimberley; Frank Lowenstein; Amelia Nuding; Lars J. Olson; James Tumer; Kathryn N. Vasilaky
    Year:
    2014
    Keywords:
    Bark Beetles, Data, reduction, Heat treatment, Insect pests, Mexico, United States
    Source:
    PLoS ONE. 9(5): e96611.

  8. Heat sterilization of ash (Fraxinus spp.) firewood : heat-treating options, temperature monitoring and thermal verification

    Because of the potential risk associated with moving emerald ash borer (EAB)-infested firewood, the interstate movement of all hardwood firewood in the USA is currently restricted under the Federal quarantine. Communities and firewood producers are now faced with decisions on how to treat their firewood for interstate commerce. The new US Federal regulations for heat...

    Author(s):
    Xiping Wang; Richard Bergman; T. Mace
    Year:
    2010
    Keywords:
    Emerald ash borer, ash, pest control, disease control, fuelwood, sanitation, heat treatment, wood sterilization, sterilization, packaging, pests, standards, insect pests, temperature, wood products, Fraxinus, Agrilus planipennis, invasive species, heat sterilization, heating time, treated wood, firewood
    Source:
    Wood material science and engineering. Vol. 5, no. 2 (2010): p. 104-109.

  9. Variation in Inspection Efficacy by Member States of Wood Packaging Material Entering the European Union

    The use of wood packaging materials (WPMs) in international trade is recognized as a pathway for the movement of invasive pests and as the origin of most introductions of Asian longhorned beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Europe and North America. Following several pest interceptions on WPM associated with...

    Author(s):
    Dominic Eyre; Roy Macarthur; Robert A Haack; Yi Lu; Hannes Krehan
    Year:
    2018
    Keywords:
    invasive species, commodity treatment, Cerambycidae, Scolytinae
    Source:
    Journal of Economic Entomology
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