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  1. ISPM No. 15 and the incidence of wood pests: Recent findings, policy changes, and current knowledge gaps

    Largely as a result of international trade, hundreds of species of bark- and wood-infesting insects have become established in countries outside their native range. Many of these exotic insects have caused severe economic and environmental impact to urban and forest trees in the receiving countries. Most bark- and wood-infesting insects have been transported to new...

    Author(s):
    Robert A. Haack; Eckehard G. Brockerhoff
    Year:
    2011
    Keywords:
    fumigation, heat treatment, ISPM 15, quarantine pest, wood packaging material
    Source:
    Paper presented at the 42nd annual meeting of the International Research Group on Wood Protection, Section 3, Queenstown, NZ. IRG/WP-11-30568. 11 p.

  2. Seeking alternatives to probit 9 when developing treatments for wood packaging materials under ISPM No. 15

    ISPM No. 15 presents guidelines for treating wood packaging material used in international trade. There are currently two approved phytosanitary treatments: heat treatment and methyl bromide fumigation. New treatments are under development, and are needed given that methyl bromide is being phased out. Probit 9 efficacy (100% mortality of at least 93 613 test organisms...

    Author(s):
    R.A. Haack; A. Uzunovic; K. Hoover; J.A. Cook
    Year:
    2011
    Keywords:
    Source:
    EPPO Bulletin 41: 39-45.

  3. Failure to phytosanitize ash firewood infested with emerald ash borer in a small dry kiln using ISPM-15 standards

    Although current USDA-APHIS standards suggest that a core temperature of 71.1°C (160°F) for 75 min is needed to adequately sanitize emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire-infested firewood, it is unclear whether more moderate (and economical) treatment regimes will adequately eradicate emerald ash borer larvae and prepupae...

    Author(s):
    P. Charles Goebel; Matthew S. Bumgardner; Daniel A. Herms; Andrew Sabula
    Year:
    2010
    Keywords:
    emerald ash borer, phytosanitation, pest quarantines, regulatory compliance, firewood
    Source:
    Journal of Economic Entomology. 103(3): 597-602.

  4. Demonstrating the benefits of phytosanitary regulations: the case of ISPM 15

    Invasions of non-indigenous insects and pathogens threaten trees and forest ecosystems worldwide. For example, the arrival and spread of the pathogens causing chestnut blight and Dutch elm disease, along with the bark beetles vectoring the latter, had dramatic effects on North American forests. Despite our improved awareness of the risks associated with biological...

    Author(s):
    Eckehard G. Brockerhoff; Juliann E. Aukema; Joseph F. Cavey; Lynn J. Garrett; Robert A. Haack; Mark Kimberley; Andrew M. Liebhold; Frank L. Lowenstein; Carissa Marasas; Amelia Nuding; Lars Olson; Christa Speekmann; Michael Springborn; Christina Vieglais; James Turner
    Year:
    2011
    Keywords:
    Source:
    In: McManus, Katherine A; Gottschalk, Kurt W., eds. 2010. Proceedings. 21st U.S. Department of Agriculture interagency research forum on invasive species 2010; 2010 January 12-15; Annapolis, MD. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-P-75. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station: 6-7.
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