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Litter decay rates are determined by lignin chemistry
Litter decay rates are often correlated with the initial lignin:N or lignin:cellulose content of litter, suggesting that interactions between lignin and more labile compounds are important controls over litter decomposition. The chemical composition of lignin may influence these interactions, if lignin physically or chemically protects labile components from microbial...
https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/search?keywords=%22Lignin%22
Author(s):
Jennifer M. Talbot; Daniel J. Yelle; James Nowick; Kathleen K. Treseder
Year:
2011
Keywords:
Lignin, decomposition, leaves, biodegradation, plant litter, forest litter, chemical composition, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignocellulose, nitrogen, Arabidopsis thaliana, aldehydes, crosslinking, polysaccharides, nuclear magnetic resonance, syringyl, guaiacyl, hydroxyphenyl
Source:
Biogeochemistry. (2011): [17] p.
Alkali-treated kraft lignin as a component in flakeboard eesins
Southern pine kraft lignin was reacted with NaOH (15 and 20% based on dry lignin) at 170, 200, and 250°C for 30 and 60 min. Sweetgum flake boards bonded with phenolic resins containing 50% hydroxymethylated lignin prepared from some of the alkali treated lignins were compared with boards bonded with a neat PF resin. Results indicate that boards bonded with lignin-...
https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/search?keywords=%22Lignin%22
Author(s):
Mon-Lin Kuo; Chung-Yun Hse; Dee-Hua Huang
Year:
1991
Keywords:
Alkaline hydrolysis, kraft lignin, NMR spectroscopy, hydroxymethylation, phenolic resin, flakeboard, sweetgum
Source:
Holzforschung 45(1):47-54
Techniques for characterizing lignin
Many techniques are available to characterize lignin. The techniques presented in this chapter are considered nondegradative, which are commonly applied to lignin. A brief discussion of lignin structure is included with this chapter to aid the reader in understanding why the discussed characterization techniques are appropriate for the study of lignin. Because the...
https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/search?keywords=%22Lignin%22
Author(s):
Nicole M. Stark; Daniel J. Yelle; Umesh P. Agarwal
Year:
2016
Keywords:
Lignin, chemical characterization, thermal properties, spectroscopy, structure
Source:
Lignin in Polymer Composites
Stimulation and inhibition of enzymatic hydrolysis by organosolv lignins as determined by zeta potential and hydrophobicity
Background:
Lignin typically inhibits enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic biomass, but certain organosolv lignins or lignosulfonates enhance enzymatic hydrolysis. The hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions between lignin and cellulases play critical roles in the enzymatic hydrolysis process. However, how to incorporate these two...
https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/search?keywords=%22Lignin%22
Author(s):
Yang Huang; Shaolong Sun; Chen Huang; Qiang Yong; Thomas Elder; Maobing Tu
Year:
2017
Keywords:
Ethanol organosolv lignin, Enzymatic hydrolysis, Hydrophobicity, Zeta potential, NMR
Source:
Biotechnology for Biofuels
Lignin decomposition is sustained under fluctuating redox conditions in humid tropical forest soils
Lignin mineralization represents a critical flux in the terrestrial carbon (C) cycle, yet little is known about mechanisms and environmental factors controlling lignin breakdown in mineral soils. Hypoxia is thought to suppress lignin decomposition, yet potential effects of oxygen (O
2
) variability in surface soils have not been explored. Here, we...
https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/search?keywords=%22Lignin%22
Author(s):
Steven J. Hall; Whendee L. Silver; Vitaliy I. Timokhin; Kenneth E. Hammel
Year:
2015
Keywords:
humid tropical forest, iron oxidation, iron reduction, lignin, oxygen, redox, soil moisture, soil organic matter, terrestrial carbon cycle
Source:
Global Change Biology
Physicochemical characterization of lignin recovered from microwave-assisted delignified lignocellulosic biomass for use in biobased materials
Lignocellulosic biomass (Moso Bamboo, Chinese tallow tree wood, switchgrass, and pine wood) was subjected to a novel delignification process using microwave energy in a binary glycerol/methanol solvent. The physicochemical properties of the recovered lignin were analyzed prior to its application in the fabrication of polylactic acid (PLA)âlignin composites. The results...
https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/search?keywords=%22Lignin%22
Author(s):
Jiulong Xie; Chung-Yun Hse; Todd F. Shupe; Tingxing Hu
Year:
2015
Keywords:
lignocellulosic biomass, lignin, microwave delignification, poly lactic acid
Source:
Journal of Applied Polymer Science
Growth under field conditions affects lignin content and productivity in transgenic
Populus trichocarpa
with altered lignin biosynthesis
This study evaluated the potential of transgenic Populus trichocarpa with antisense 4CL for reduced total lignin and sense Cald5H for increased S/G ratio in a short rotation woody cropping (SRWC) system for bioethanol production in the Southeast USA. Trees produced from tissue-culture were planted in the Coastal Plain, Piedmont, and Mountain regions of North Carolina,...
https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/search?keywords=%22Lignin%22
Author(s):
Anna T. Stout; Aletta A. Davis; Jean-Christophe Domec; Chenmin Yang; Rui Shi; John S. King
Year:
2014
Keywords:
Populus, Lignin, Field trial, Transgenic, Bioenergy
Source:
Biomass and Bioenergy
Iron addition to soil specifically stabilized lignin
The importance of lignin as a recalcitrant constituent of soil organic matter (SOM) remains contested. Associations with iron (Fe) oxides have been proposed to specifically protect lignin from decomposition, but impacts of Fe-lignin interactions on mineralization rates remain unclear. Oxygen (O
2
) fluctuations characteristic of humid tropical...
https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/search?keywords=%22Lignin%22
Author(s):
Steven J. Hall; Whendee L. Silver; Vitaliy I. Timokhin; Kenneth E. Hammel
Year:
2016
Keywords:
Carbon stabilization, Iron, Lignin, Recalcitrance, Redox, Soil organic matter
Source:
Soil Biology and Biochemistry
Characterization of biobased polyurethane foams employing lignin fractionated from microwave liquefied switchgrass
Lignin samples fractionated from microwave liquefied switchgrass were applied in the preparation of semirigid polyurethane (PU) foams without purification.The objective of this study was to elucidate the influence of lignin in the PU matrix on themorphological, chemical, mechanical, and thermal properties of thePU foams.The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images...
https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/search?keywords=%22Lignin%22
Author(s):
Xingyan Huang; Cornelis F. De Hoop; Jiulong Xie; Chung-Yun Hse; Jinqiu Qi; Tingxing Hu
Year:
2017
Keywords:
Source:
International Journal of Polymer Science
Structural changes of residual lignin of softwood and hardwood kraft pulp upon oxidative treatment with polyoxometalates
Structural transformation of lignin in pulps bleached with polyoxometalates (POMs) should be explored in order to gain insight into the lignin reactions leading to its solubilization during POM treatment of kraft pulp. Our studies include characterization of residual lignin isolated from softwood commercial and birch laboratory kraft pulps delignified with POMs....
https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/search?keywords=%22Lignin%22
Author(s):
Biljana Bujanovic; Richard S. Reiner; Sally A. Ralph; Umesh P. Agarwal; Rajai H. Atalla
Year:
2005
Keywords:
Raman spectroscopy, spectrum analysis, carbonyl compounds, polyoxometalates, sulphate pulping process, pulping, oxidation, bleaching, hydroxyl group, birch, pulping, delignification, softwoods
Source:
Proceedings of the 2005 TAPPI Engineering, Pulping & Environmental Conference, 2005 August 28-31, Philadelphia, PA. Norcross, GA : TAPPI Press, 2005: 13 pages.
Lignin fate and characterization during ionic liquid biomass pretreatment for renewable chemicals and fuels production
The fate of lignin from wheat straw, Miscanthus, and Loblolly pine after pretreatment by a non-toxic and recyclable ionic liquid (IL), [C2mim][OAc], followed by enzymatic hydrolysis was investigated. The lignin partitioned into six process streams, each of which was quantified and analyzed by a combination of a novel solution-state two-dimensional (2D) nuclear magnetic...
https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/search?keywords=%22Lignin%22
Author(s):
Noppadon Sathitsuksanoh; Kevin M. Holtman; Daniel J. Yelle; Trevor Morgan; Vitalie Stavila; Jeffrey Pelton; Harvey Blanch; Blake A. Simmons; Anthe George
Year:
2014
Keywords:
Lignin, ionic liquid, pretreatment, 2D NMR, SEC, depolymerization
Source:
Green Chem., Volume 16, 2014; pp. 1236–1247
Lignin modification in the initial phase of softwood kraft pulp delignification with polyoxometalates (POMs)
Commercial softwood kraft pulp with kappa number 30.5 (KP30.5) was delignified with polyoxometalates (POM, Na5(+2)[SiV1(-0.1)MoW10(+0.1)O40]), and POM-treated kraft pulp of kappa number 23.6 was obtained (KPPOM,23.6). Residual lignin from pulps was isolated by mild acid hydrolysis and characterized by analytical and spectral methods to gain insight into lignin...
https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/search?keywords=%22Lignin%22
Author(s):
Biljana Bujanovic; Sally A. Ralph; Richard S. Reiner; Rajai H. Atalla
Year:
2007
Keywords:
Hydrolysis, chemical reactions, bleaching, pulping, sulphate pulping process, polyoxometalates, spectrum analysis, carbonyl compounds, lignin, pulp, pulp and paper processes, delignification, softwoods
Source:
Holzforschung. Vol. 61 (2007): Pages 492-498.
Near-Ir surface-enhanced Raman spectrum of lignin
Compacted powders of commercially available nano- and microparticles of silver were used to successfully induce the surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effect in spruce milled-wood lignin (MWL). For the two silver particle sizes used in this investigation, the spectra were mostly similar. Some general characteristics of the lignin SERS spectrum are described. The...
https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/search?keywords=%22Lignin%22
Author(s):
Umesh P. Agarwal; Richard S. Reiner
Year:
2009
Keywords:
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), lignin, cellulose, wood, silver, nano, micro, benzoic acid, muconic acid, Raman spectroscopy, lignin analysis, spectrum analysis, wood chemistry, nanotechnology, black spruce, carbohydrates, nanoparticles, surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy, particle sizes
Source:
Journal of Raman spectroscopy. Vol. 40, no. 11 (Nov. 2009): pages 1527-1534.
Interfacial Properties of Lignin-Based Electrospun Nanofibers and Films Reinforced with Cellulose Nanocrystals
Sub-100 nm resolution local thermal analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and water contact angle (WCA) measurements were used to relate surface polymer distribution with the composition of electrospun fiber mats and spin coated films obtained from aqueous dispersions of lignin, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and cellulose nanocrystal (CNC). Defect-free lignin/...
https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/search?keywords=%22Lignin%22
Author(s):
Mariko Ago; Joseph E. Jakes; Leena-Sisko Johansson; Sunkyu Park; Orlando J. Rojas
Year:
2012
Keywords:
lignin, films, fibers, electrospinning, cellulose nanocrystals, contact angle, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, space-resolved AFM-thermal transitions
Source:
ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2012, 4, pp. 6849-6856; 2012.
Lignin-based Phenol-Formalehyde Resins from Purified CO
2
Precipitated Kraft Lignin (PCO
2
KL)
To investigate the potential for using purified CO
2
-precipitated Kraft lignin (PCO
2
KL) with phenol-formaldehyde (PF) for application as an adhesive in plywood production, two lignin replacement procedures were examined to assess ligninâs effect on bond quality. Methylolation and oxidation with hydrogen peroxide (H
https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/search?keywords=%22Lignin%22
Author(s):
Yao Chen; Charles R. Frihart; Zhiyong Cai; Linda F. Lorenz; Nicole M. Stark
Year:
2013
Keywords:
Kraft lignin, lignin-phenol-formaldehyde resin, hydrogen peroxide, methylolation, physical properties, shear strength, wood failure
Source:
In: International Conference on Wood Adhesives, 2013; pp. 601-610.
Lignin-based Phenol-Formaldehyde Resins from Purified CO
2
Precipitated Kraft lignin (PCO
2
KL)
To investigate the potential for using purified CO
2
-precipitated Kraft lignin (PCO
2
KL) with phenol-formaldehyde (PF) for application as an adhesive in plywood production, two lignin replacement procedures were examined to assess ligninâs effect on bond quality. Methylolation and oxidation with hydrogen peroxide (H
https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/search?keywords=%22Lignin%22
Author(s):
Yao Chen; Charles R. Frihart; Zhiyong Cai; Linda F. Lorenz; Nicole M. Stark
Year:
2013
Keywords:
Kraft lignin, lignin-phenol-formaldehyde resin, hydrogen peroxide, methylolation, physical properties, shear strength, wood failure
Source:
In: International Conference on Wood Adhesives, October 9-11, 2013 Toronto, Ontario Canada from CD ISBN: 978-0-935018-37-0; 2013; pp. 601-610.
Chemical groups and structural characterization of lignin via thiol-mediated demethylation
A new approach to increase the reactivity of lignin by thiol-mediated demethylation was investigated in this study. Demethylated lignin was characterized by the changes in its hydroxyl and methoxyl groups, molecular weight, and other properties using titration and spectroscopy methods including
FT-IR, 1H NMR, UV,
and
GPC
. The total...
https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/search?keywords=%22Lignin%22
Author(s):
Lihong Hu; Hui Pan; Yonghong Zhou; Chung-Yun Hse; Chengguo Liu; Baofang Zhang; Bin Xu
Year:
2014
Keywords:
Biomaterials, demethylation, odorless thiol, nucleophilic substitution, lignin reactivity
Source:
Journal of Wood Chemistry Technology 34(2):122-134
Integrated production of lignin containing cellulose nanocrystals (LCNC) and nanofibrils (LCNF) using an easily recyclable di-carboxylic acid
Here we demonstrate di-carboxylic acid hydrolysis for the integrated production of lignin containing cellulose nanocrystals (LCNC) and nanofibrils (LCNF) using two unbleached hardwood chemical pulps of lignin contents of 3.9 and 17.2%. Acid hydrolysis experiments used maleic acid solution of 60 wt% concentration at 120°C for 120 min under ambient pressure. Yields of...
https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/search?keywords=%22Lignin%22
Author(s):
Huiyang Bian; Liheng Chen; Hongqi Dai; J.Y. Zhu
Year:
2017
Keywords:
Lignin containing cellulose nanomaterials, Lignocellulosic crystals (LCNC), Lignocellulosic nanofibrils (LCNF), Di-carboxylic acid hydrolysis, Mechanical fibrillation, Thermal stability, Carboxylation, Hydrophobicity
Source:
Carbohydrate Polymers. 167: 167-176.
Raman imaging of lignin and cellulose distribution in black spruce wood (Picea mariana) cell walls
A detailed understanding of wood cell wall structure and organization is important from both fundamental and practical point of views. A state-of- the-art 633-nm laser based confocal Raman microscope was used in situ to investigate the cell wall organization of black spruce wood. Chemical information on lignin and cellulose from morphologically distinct cell wall...
https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/search?keywords=%22Lignin%22
Author(s):
Umesh P. Agarwal
Year:
2005
Keywords:
Picea mariana, black spruce, cell walls, lignin, cellulose, raman imagery
Source:
Proceedings of the 59th APPITA Annual Conference and Exhibition incorporating the 13th ISWFPC (International Symposium on Wood, Fibre, and Pulping Chemistry), held in Auckland, New Zealand (May 16-19, 2005). [Carlton, Victoria, Australia]: APPITA, c2005. Pages 377-384.
FT-Raman investigation of milled-wood lignins : softwood, hardwood, and chemically modified black spruce lignins
Raman spectroscopy is being increasingly applied to study wood and other lignin-containing biomass/biomaterials. Ligninâs contribution to the Raman spectra of such materials needs to be understood in the context of various lignin structures, substructures, and functional groups so that lignin-specific features could be identified and the spectral information could be...
https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/search?keywords=%22Lignin%22
Author(s):
Umesh P. Agarwal; James D. McSweeny; Sally A. Ralph
Year:
2011
Keywords:
Raman spectroscopy, wood chemistry, Fourier-transform spectroscopy, lignin analysis, bleaching, spectrum analysis, pulping, lignocellulose, black spruce, hydrogen peroxide, hydrogenation, acetylation, methylation, chemical reactions, loblolly pine, aspen, softwoods, hardwoods, Picea mariana, Pinus taeda, Populus, chemical composition, spectroscopy, liquidambar, sweetgum, diazomethane, lignin, pulping, FT-Raman spectroscopy, milled-wood lignin, diimide-after borohydride, acetic anhydride
Source:
Journal of wood chemistry and technology. Vol. 31, no. 4 (2011): p. 324-344.
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