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  1. Identification of two distinct fire regimes in Southern California: implications for economic impact and future change

    The area burned by Southern California wildfires has increased in recent decades, with implications for human health, infrastructure, and ecosystem management. Meteorology and fuel structure are universally recognized controllers of wildfire, but their relative importance, and hence the efficacy of abatement and suppression efforts, remains controversial....

    https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/search?keywords=%22SAS%22

    Author(s):
    Yufang Jin; Michael L. Goulden; Nicolas Faivre; Sander Veraverbeke; Fengpeng Sun; Alex Hall; Michael S. Hand; Simon Hook; James T. Randerson
    Year:
    2015
    Keywords:
    fire regime, economic impact, fuel management, climate change, Santa Ana winds
    Source:
    Environmental Research Letters. 10: 094005.

  2. Parasitism by Cuscuta pentagona sequentially induces JA and SA defence pathways in tomato

    While plant responses to herbivores and pathogens are well characterized, responses to attack by other plants remain largely unexplored. We measured phytohormones and C18 fatty acids in tomato attacked by the parasitic plant Cuscuta pentagona, and used transgenic and mutant plants to explore the roles of the defence-related phytohormones salicylic...

    https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/search?keywords=%22SAS%22

    Author(s):
    Justin B. Runyon; Mark C. Mescher; Gary W. Felton; Consuelo M. De Moraes
    Year:
    2010
    Keywords:
    auxin, Cuscuta, fatty acids, induced defences, jasmonic acid, parasitic plant, phytohormones, salicylic acid
    Source:
    Plant, Cell and Environment. 33: 290-303.

  3. Forest Service special agents, assistant special agents in charge, senior special agents, and supervisory special agents report: nationwide study

    This is the fourth in a series of studies to evaluate perceptions of U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service law enforcement personnel of the roles, responsibilities, and issues related to their jobs. An e-mail survey was administered to the 89 Forest Service special agents, assistant special agents in charge, senior special agents, and supervisory special agents...

    https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/search?keywords=%22SAS%22

    Author(s):
    Deborah J. Chavez; Joanne F. Tynon
    Year:
    2007
    Keywords:
    Crime and violence, law enforcement, forest visitors, successful management
    Source:
    Res. Pap. PSW-RP-255. Albany, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station; 43 p

  4. The effects of surface-applied jasmonic and salicylic acids on caterpillar growth and damage to tomato plants

    We tested the role of salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) in altering the tomato plant's defense against herbivory by tobacco hornworm. Treatments of SA or JA were topically applied to tomato plants, hornworm consumption was allowed to proceed for 12 days, and harvest analyses were performed Measurements taken included a subjective plant rating (1-10 score...

    https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/search?keywords=%22SAS%22

    Author(s):
    Aaron L. Iverson; Louis R. Iverson; Steve Eshita
    Year:
    2001
    Keywords:
    Source:
    Ohio Journal of Science. 5: 90-94.

  5. ROMI 3.1 Least-cost lumber grade mix solver using open source statistical software

    The least-cost lumber grade mix solution has been a topic of interest to both industry and academia for many years due to its potential to help wood processing operations reduce costs. A least-cost lumber grade mix solver is a rough mill decision support system that describes the lumber grade or grade mix needed to minimize raw material or total production cost (raw...

    https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/search?keywords=%22SAS%22

    Author(s):
    Rebecca A. Buck; Urs Buehlmann; R. Edward Thomas
    Year:
    2010
    Keywords:
    Source:
    Forest Products Journal. 60(5): 432-439.

  6. Plant defenses against parasitic plants show similarities to those induced by herbivores and pathogens

    Herbivores and pathogens come quickly to mind when one thinks of the biotic challenges faced by plants. Important but less appreciated enemies are parasitic plants, which can have important consequences for the fitness and survival of their hosts. Our knowledge of plant perception, signaling and response to herbivores and pathogens has expanded rapidly in recent years...

    https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/search?keywords=%22SAS%22

    Author(s):
    Justin B. Runyon; Mark C. Mescher; Consuelo M. De Moraes
    Year:
    2010
    Keywords:
    Cuscuta, induced defenses, parasitic plant, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, phytohormones, hypersensitive response, trichomes, defense signaling
    Source:
    Plant Signaling and Behavior. 5(8): 929-931.

  7. Chemical Modification of Kraft Lignin: Effect on Chemical and Thermal Properties

    Esterified kraft lignins (KL) were prepared by reaction with maleic anhydride (MA), succinic anhydride (SA), and phthalic anhydride (PA) in acetone solutions. The esterified lignins were characterized using ATR-FTIR, solid state CP-MAS 13C NMR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). PA...

    https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/search?keywords=%22SAS%22

    Author(s):
    Yao Chen; Nicole M. Stark; Zhiyong Cai; Charles R. Frihart; Linda F. Lorenz; Rebecca E. Ibach
    Year:
    2014
    Keywords:
    Kraft lignin, Organic anhydride, Esterification, Thermal stability, Composites
    Source:
    BioResources, Volume 9, Number 3, 2047; pp. 5488-5500.

  8. White oak growth after 23 Years in a three-site provenance/progeny trial on a latitudinal gradient in Indiana

    To increase the availability of improved, adapted white oak (Quercus alba L.) for midwestern United States landowners, we analyzed data from three 23-year-old provenance/progeny tests of 70 open-pollinated progenies from 17 provenances. Our goal was to estimate the heritability of height growth and range of adaptation and ultimately to determine...

    https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/search?keywords=%22SAS%22

    Author(s):
    Yen-Ning Huang; Hao Zhang; Scott Rogers; Mark Coggeshall; Keith Woeste
    Year:
    2015
    Keywords:
    Quercus alba, forest genetics, mixed model, spatial autocorrelation, tree improvement
    Source:
    Forest Science. doi: 10.5849/forsci.10-013.

  9. Modification of cellulose with succinic anhydride in TBAA/DMSO mixed solvent under catalyst-free conditions

    Homogeneous modification of cellulose with succinic anhydride was performed using tetrabutylammonium acetate (TBAA)/dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) mixed solvent. The molar ratio of succinic anhydride (SA) to free hydroxyl groups in the anhydroglucose units (AGU), TBAA dosage, reaction temperature, and reaction time were investigated. The highest degree of substitution (DS)...

    https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/search?keywords=%22SAS%22

    Author(s):
    Ping-Ping Xin; Yao-Bing Huang; Chung-Yun Hse; Huai N. Cheng; Chaobo Huang; Hui Pan
    Year:
    2017
    Keywords:
    succinoylation, ionic liquid, cellulose, modification, adsorption
    Source:
    Materials

  10. Testing hypotheses for differences between linear regression lines

    Five hypotheses are identified for testing differences between simple linear regression lines. The distinctions between these hypotheses are based on a priori assumptions and illustrated with full and reduced models. The contrast approach is presented as an easy and complete method for testing for overall differences between the regressions and for making pairwise...

    https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/search?keywords=%22SAS%22

    Author(s):
    Stanley J. Zarnoch
    Year:
    2009
    Keywords:
    Contrasts, dummy variables, F-test, intercept, SAS, slope, test of conditional error
    Source:
    Res. Note SRS-17. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station. 20 p.

  11. Fire and forest meteorology

    The American Meteorological Society symposia series on Fire and Forest Meteorology provides biennial forums for atmospheric and fire scientists to introduce and discuss the latest and most relevant research on weather, climate and fire. This special issue highlights significant work that was presented at the Fifth Symposium in Orlando, Florida during 16-20 November...

    https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/search?keywords=%22SAS%22

    Author(s):
    SA Ferguson; T.J. Brown; M. Flannigan
    Year:
    2005
    Keywords:
    Source:
    International Journal of Wildland Fire. 14(1): 1-116

  12. Parasitism by Cuscuta pentagona attenuates host plant defenses against insect herbivores

    Considerable research has examined plant responses to concurrent attack by herbivores and pathogens, but the effects of attack by parasitic plants, another important class of plant-feeding organisms, on plant defenses against other enemies has not been explored. We investigated how attack by the parasitic plant Cuscuta pentagona impacted tomato (

    https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/search?keywords=%22SAS%22

    Author(s):
    Justin B. Runyon; Mark C. Mescher; Consuelo M. De Moraes
    Year:
    2008
    Keywords:
    parasitic plants, Cuscuta pentagona, host plant defense, Solanum lycopersicum
    Source:
    Plant Physiology. 146: 987-995.

  13. A new time-space accounting scheme to predict stream water residence time and hydrograph source components at the watershed scale

    Hydrograph source components and stream water residence time are fundamental behavioral descriptors of watersheds but, as yet, are poorly represented in most rainfall-runoff models. We present a new time-space accounting scheme (T-SAS) to simulate the pre-event and event water fractions, mean residence time, and spatial source of streamflow at the watershed scale. We...

    https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/search?keywords=%22SAS%22

    Author(s):
    Takahiro Sayama; Jeffrey J. McDonnell
    Year:
    2009
    Keywords:
    experimental watershed studies, tracers, soil moisture, isotopes, hydrological processes, water balance
    Source:
    Water Resources Research. 45: W07401

  14. Induction of soybean resistance to the Mexican bean beetle (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

    We tested chemical and insect feeding-induced insect resistance on soybean plants.The chemical induction effects of jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) were investigated. We also evaluated the effects of plants stressed with previous insect herbivory. A larval antibiosis screening technique (LAST) and a preference test were performed in petri dishes using...

    https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/search?keywords=%22SAS%22

    Author(s):
    A.L. Iverson; R.B. Hammond; L.R. Iverson
    Year:
    2001
    Keywords:
    Source:
    Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society. 74(4): 185-191.

  15. Individual tree basal-area growth parameter estimates for four models

    Four sigmoid growth models are fit to basal-area data derived from increment cores and disks taken at breast height from oak trees. Models are rated on their ability to fit growth data from five datasets that are obtained from 10 locations along a longitudinal gradient across the states of Delaware, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and Ohio in the USA. We examine and...

    https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/search?keywords=%22SAS%22

    Author(s):
    J.J. Colbert; Michael Schuckers; Desta Fekedulegn; James Rentch; Mairtin MacSiurtain; Kurt Gottschalk
    Year:
    2004
    Keywords:
    goodness-of-fit, parameter estimation, non-linear model
    Source:
    Ecological Modeling. 174: 115-126.

  16. A smoothed residual based goodness-of-fit statistic for nest-survival models

    Estimating nest success and identifying important factors related to nest-survival rates is an essential goal for many wildlife researchers interested in understanding avian population dynamics. Advances in statistical methods have led to a number of estimation methods and approaches to modeling this problem. Recently developed models allow researchers to include a...

    https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/search?keywords=%22SAS%22

    Author(s):
    Rodney X. Sturdivant; Jay J. Rotella; Robin E. Russell
    Year:
    2008
    Keywords:
    binary response, generalized linear mixed model (GLMM), goodness-of-fit, kernel smoothing, logistic regression, nest survival
    Source:
    Studies in Avian Biology. 34: 45-54.

  17. Numerical details and SAS programs for parameter recovery of the SB distribution

    The four-parameter SB distribution has seen widespread use in growth-and-yield modeling because it covers a broad spectrum of shapes, fitting both positively and negatively skewed data and bimodal configurations. Two recent parameter recovery schemes, an approach whereby characteristics of a statistical distribution are equated with attributes of...

    https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/search?keywords=%22SAS%22

    Author(s):
    Bernard R. Parresol; Teresa Fidalgo Fonseca; Carlos Pacheco Marques
    Year:
    2010
    Keywords:
    Basal area-size distribution, constraint functions, diameter distributions, moments, nonlinear programming problem, restricted estimation
    Source:
    Gen. Tech. Rep. SRS–122. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Southern Research Station. 27 p.

  18. Integrated least-cost lumber grade-mix solver

    Hardwood lumber costs account for up to 70 percent of the total product costs of U.S. secondary wood products producers. Reducing these costs is difficult and often requires substantial capital investments. However, lumber-purchasing costs can be minimized by buying the least-cost lumber grade-mix that satisfies a company's component needs. Price differentials...

    https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/search?keywords=%22SAS%22

    Author(s):
    U. Buehlmann; R. Buck; R.E. Thomas
    Year:
    2011
    Keywords:
    Source:
    In: Fei, Songlin; Lhotka, John M.; Stringer, Jeffrey W.; Gottschalk, Kurt W.; Miller, Gary W., eds. Proceedings, 17th central hardwood forest conference; 2010 April 5-7; Lexington, KY; Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-P-78. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station: 83-91.

  19. Evaluation of open source data mining software packages

    Since 2001, the USDA Forest Service (USFS) has used classification and regression-tree technology to map USFS Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) biomass, forest type, forest type groups, and National Forest vegetation. This prior work used Cubist/See5 software for the analyses. The objective of this project, sponsored by the Remote Sensing Steering Committee (RSSC),...

    https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/search?keywords=%22SAS%22

    Author(s):
    Bonnie Ruefenacht; Greg Liknes; Andrew J. Lister; Haans Fisk; Dan Wendt
    Year:
    2009
    Keywords:
    CART, Orange, WEKA, R, random forest, classification trees, regression trees, open-source software
    Source:
    In: McWilliams, Will; Moisen, Gretchen; Czaplewski, Ray, comps. Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) Symposium 2008; October 21-23, 2008; Park City, UT. Proc. RMRS-P-56CD. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 13 p.

  20. Inventory-based sensitivity analysis of the Large Tree Diameter Growth Submodel of the Southern Variant of the FVS

    Diameter increment is an important variable in modeling tree growth. Most facets of predicted tree development are dependent in part on diameter or diameter increment, the most commonly measured stand variable. The behavior of the Forest Vegetation Simulator (FVS) largely relies on the performance of the diameter increment model and the subsequent use of predicted dbh...

    https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/search?keywords=%22SAS%22

    Author(s):
    Giorgio Vacchiano; John D. Shaw; R. Justin DeRose; James N. Long
    Year:
    2008
    Keywords:
    forest management, forest planning, growth and yield, vegetation dynamics, habitat modeling, carbon inventory, prognosis model, landscape dynamics, fire, fuels, climate change, economics, forest health
    Source:
    In: Havis, Robert N.; Crookston, Nicholas L., comps. 2008. Third Forest Vegetation Simulator Conference; 2007 February 13–15; Fort Collins, CO. Proceedings RMRS-P-54. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. p. 149-159

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