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The transition from Late Pleistocene to Holocene climates triggered biogeographical upheavals worldwide that included species’ range shifts, changes in community composition and structure, altered disturbance regimes, and development of new ecological interactions. The Great Basin, with its hundreds of high mountain ranges interspersed by broad basins, was a prominent stage on which such dynamics unfolded. Many plant and animal species remained scattered at low elevations throughout the Great Basin during the cold Late Pleistocene. Without significant displacements in latitude, they responded ...
AuthorsC.I. Millar, D.H. ThomasSourceShoshonean ethnogenesis and the Numic spreadings. The Archaeology of Monitor Valley, Contribution 6.Year2024 -
Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is widely used as a nondestructive evaluation (NDE) tool for predicting wood properties. When deploying NIR models, one faces challenges in ensuring representative training data, which large datasets can mitigate but often at a significant cost. Machine learning and deep learning NIR models are at an even greater disadvantage because they typically require higher sample sizes for training. In this study, NIR spectra were collected to predict the modulus of elasticity (MOE) of southern pine lumber (training set = 573 samples, testing set = 145 samples). To accou...
AuthorsSyed Ali, Sameen Raut, Joseph Dahlen, Laurence Schimleck, Richard Bergman, Zhou Zhang, Vahid NasirKeywordsSourceSensorsYear2024 -
Degradation of insulation paper is a key contributor to the failure of power transformers. Insulation degradation accelerates at elevated temperatures, which highlights the potential for better thermal management to prolong life. While several studies have analyzed the benefits of high thermal conductivity oil for reducing temperatures inside a transformer, this study is an initial assessment of the benefits of high thermal conductivity paper on transformer life. Blending particulates with cellulosic fibers offers a pathway for high thermal conductivity paper (with good dielectric properties),...
AuthorsS. Bilyaz, A. Bhati, M. Hamalian, K. Maynor, T. Soori, A. Gattozzi, C. Penney, D. Weeks, Y. Xu, L. Hu, J.Y. Zhu, J.K. Nelson, R. Hebner, V. BahadurKeywordsSourceHeliyonYear2024 -
In deconstructing lignocellulosic biomass, processing solvents directly and indirectly influence the process efficiency by reducing recalcitrance, fractionating target components, preserving/modifying biomass components, etc. Hydrotropic solvents have shown effective biomass fractionation performance due to their unique amphiphilic structure. In particular, these hydrotropes effectively separate lignin from the cellulose-rich fraction with minimum modification and maximum recovery, which aligns well with the biorefinery strategy by enhancing the recovered lignin quality and quantity. Hydrotrop...
AuthorsSoyeon Jeong, Jiae Ryu, Qiang Yang, J.Y. Zhu, Chang Geun. YooSourceGreen ChemistryYear2024 -
Approaches to forest management have changed markedly in the Pacific Northwest in recent decades, yet legacies of past management persist on the landscape. Following clearcut logging, woody residues were typically burned to reduce future fire hazard, create planting spots, facilitate natural recruitment, and retard growth of competing vegetation. We asked whether legacies of broadcast burning persist in the forest understory during the early stages of stand closure, how they manifest structurally or compositionally, whether they are altered by subsequent management (pre-commercial thinning), a...
AuthorsCharles B. Halpern, Ann L. Lezberg, Richard E. BigleyKeywordsSourceForest Ecology and Management. 558: 121772.Year2024 -
An often-overheard phrase, "there is no future without smoke," describes fire, and associated smoke, as an ecological process inextricably tied to Western forests. While fire can provide many benefits such as reducing fuels and renewing forests, smoke from fires poses a serious challenge to public health, land managers, and air quality regulators. So, can we reduce these challenges?
AuthorsNehalem Clark, Shawn Urbanski, Scott GoodrichKeywordsSourceScience You Can Use 101. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 8 p.Year2024 -
Lignin-poly(ethylene)glycol diglycidyl ether hydrogels were synthesized from lignin fractions readily extracted during the hot-water treatment of angiosperms: hardwoods, sugar maple and energy-crop willow, monocotyledons, grasses, miscanthus and agriculture residues, and wheat straw. These lignins represent a broad range of chemical structures and properties as a comparative analysis of their suitability to produce the hydrogels as a novel carrier of chaga–silver nanoparticles. The formation of hydrogels was assessed via attenuated total refectance Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy. Th...
AuthorsAditi Nagardeolekar, Prajakta Dongre, Biljana M. BujanovicSourcePolymersYear2024 -
Higher productivities for loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) growing at exotic locations (e.g., Hawaii, Brazil) indicate that the full growth potential of this southern pine species has yet to be reached in plantations across the southeastern United States (US). The higher productivity of Hawaii-grown loblolly pine has been attributed to more favorable climate conditions. To date, physical, anatomical, and chemical property data for loblolly pine wood from exotic locations are scarce. Mid-infrared spectroscopy coupled with multivariate analysis was used to screen for chemical differences between w...
AuthorsThomas L. Eberhardt, Keonhee Kim, Nicole Labbé, Lisa J. SamuelsonKeywordsSourceEuropean Journal of Wood and Wood ProductsYear2024 -
Nonresidential and mid- to high-rise multifamily residential structures in the United States currently use little wood per unit floor area installed, because earlier building codes lacked provisions for structural wood use in those types of buildings. However, revisions to the International Building Code allow for increased wood use in the form of mass timber, as structural and fire safety concerns have been addressed through new science-based design standards and through newly specified construction materials and measures. This study used multiple models to describe alternative futures for ne...
AuthorsPrakash Nepal, Jeffrey Prestemon, Indroneil Ganguly, Vaibhav Kumar, Richard Bergman, Neelam C. Poudyal, Andrew T. CarswellKeywordsSourcePLOS ONEYear2024 -
Producing cross-laminated timber (CLT) has opened a new market for the lumber industry in North America, while few hardwood species have been studied in the U.S. for CLT production. Combining hardwood species in mixed hardwood CLT or in hybrid CLT can be a solution to boost the market of the undervalued hardwoods. However, the knowledge gap on bonding hardwoods needs to be filled to provide evidence of feasibility. This study focused on the face bonding properties of the cross laminations made of seven hardwood species and two softwood species from the Great Lakes region using two commercial s...
AuthorsMunkaila Musah, Yunxiang Ma, Xiping Wang, Robert Ross, Reza Hosseinpourpia, Xiaolei Jiang, Xinfeng XieKeywordsSourceConstruction and Building MaterialsYear2024