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  1. Responses of plant communities to grazing in the southwestern United States

    Grazing by wild and domestic mammals can have small to large effects on plant communities, depending on characteristics of the particular community and of the type and intensity of grazing. The broad objective of this report was to extensively review literature on the effects of grazing on 25 plant communities of the southwestern U.S. in terms of plant species...

    Author(s):
    Daniel G. Milchunas
    Year:
    2006
    Keywords:
    plant communities, grazing, southwestern United States
    Source:
    Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-169. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 126 p.

  2. Influence of livestock grazing on C sequestration in semi-arid mixed-grass and short-grass rangelands

    We evaluated the effects of livestock grazing on C content of the plant-soil system (to 60 cm) of two semi-arid grasslands: a mixed-grass prairie (grazed 12 years), and a short-grass steppe (grazed 56 years). Grazing treatments included season-long grazing at heavy and light stocking rates, and non-grazed exclosures. Significantly higher soil C (0-30cm) was measured in...

    Author(s):
    J.D. Reeder; G.E. Schuman
    Year:
    2001
    Keywords:
    Carbon, C storage, grasslands, grazrng, great plains
    Source:
    Enviromental Pollution (2001)116: 87-93

  3. Sierra Nevada grasslands: interactions between livestock grazing and ecosystem structure and function

    Livestock grazing plays an integral role in the grass-dominated ecosystems of the Sierra Nevada. Grazing has been asserted to influence such key ecological characteristics as water quality, net primary productivity, nutrient cycling, plant and animal diversity, wildlife habitat availability, and oak regeneration (Belsky and others 1999, Kauffmann and Krueger 1984)....

    Author(s):
    Barbara H. Allen-Diaz
    Year:
    2004
    Keywords:
    Source:
    In: Murphy, Dennis D. and Stine, Peter A., editors. Proceedings of the Sierra Nevada Science Symposium. Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-193. Albany, CA: Pacific Southwest Research Station, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture: 111-114

  4. Cow weights and calf production for pasture 12-C Lehmann lovegrass grazing trials, 1982 to 1993

    The purpose of the grazing trials described in this paper was to provide information to aid in the development of grazing management strategies where Lehmann lovegrass has become a dominant species. Seven pastures were utilized from 1984 to 1987 for a comparison of four yearlong stocking rates to seasonal grazing rotated through three pastures. A second trial, 1988 to...

    Author(s):
    Phil R. Ogden; E. Lamar Smith
    Year:
    2003
    Keywords:
    Lehmann lovegrass, grazing trial, stocking rate, pasture rotation, cow weight, patch grazing
    Source:
    In: McClaran, Mitchel P.; Ffolliott, Peter F.; Edminster, Carleton B., tech. coords. Santa Rita Experimental Range: 100 years (1903 to 2003) of accomplishments and contributions; conference proceedings; 2003 October 30-November 1; Tucson, AZ. Proc. RMRS-P-30. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. p. 183-187.

  5. The effect of grazing intensity on plant composition, vigor, and growth of pine-bunchgrass ranges in central Colorado

    What happens to individual forage plants when subjected to different degrees of grazing by cattle? In what way does grazing change growth habits and composition of the herbaceous vegetation? Answers to these basic questions will help the range operator to properly evaluate his range management practices. Six experimental pastures on native ponderosa pine-bunchgrass...

    Author(s):
    W. M. Johnson
    Year:
    1956
    Keywords:
    grazing, pine-bunchgrass ranges, forage, cattle, livestock, vegetation
    Source:
    Ecology. 37(4): 790-798.

  6. Response of mountain meadows to grazing by recreational pack stock

    Effects of recreational pack stock grazing on mountain meadows in Yosemite National Park were assessed in a 5-year study. Yosemite is a designated wilderness, to be managed such that its natural conditions are preserved. Studies were conducted in 3 characteristic meadow types: shorthair sedge (Carex filifolia Nutt.), Brewer’s reed grass (...

    Author(s):
    David N. Cole; Jan W. van Wagtendonk; Mitchel P. McClaran; Peggy E. Moore; Neil K. McDougald
    Year:
    2004
    Keywords:
    Carex filifolia, Calamagrostis breweri, Deschampsia cespitosa, horses, meadow productivity, mules, utilization, wilderness
    Source:
    Journal of range managment. 57(2): 153-160

  7. Demography of Lewis's Woodpecker, breeding bird densities, and riparian aspen integrity in a grazed landscape

    Aspen (Populus tremuloides) riparian woodlands are extremely limited in distribution throughout the western U.S., yet these habitats have a disproportionate value to breeding birds. Aspen habitats are also considered prime sheep and cattle summer range, particularly in the semiarid Intermountain West. Such concentrated use has raised concern about...

    Author(s):
    Karen Rachel Newlon
    Year:
    2005
    Keywords:
    aspen, Populus tremuloides, riparian woodlands, Lewis's Woodpecker, Melanerpes lewis, breeding bird densities
    Source:
    M.S. Thesis. Montana State University, Bozeman. 101 p.

  8. Willow establishment in relation to cattle grazing on an eastern Oregon stream

    Natural regeneration and growth of coyote willow (Salix exigua Nutt. ssp. exigua) and whiplash willow (S. lasiandra Bemth. var. caudata [Nutt.] Sudw.) were monitored from 1987 to 1993 on a low-elevation eastern Oregon stream degraded by more than a century of heavy livestock grazing. Treatments were no grazing, moderate spring grazing, moderate fall grazing, and...

    Author(s):
    Nancy L. Shaw; Warren P. Clary
    Year:
    1996
    Keywords:
    riparian ecosystems, human dimensions, hydrology, ecology, history, restoration
    Source:
    In: Shaw, Douglas W.; Finch, Deborah M., tech coords. Desired future conditions for Southwestern riparian ecosystems: Bringing interests and concerns together. 1995 Sept. 18-22, 1995; Albuquerque, NM. General Technical Report RM-GTR-272. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. p. 148-153.

  9. Implications of longer term rest from grazing in the sagebrush steppe

    Longer term grazing rest has occurred or been proposed in large portions of the sagebrush steppe based on the assumption that it will improve ecosystem properties. However, information regarding the influence of longer term rest from grazing is limited and has not been summarized. We synthesized the scientific literature on long-term rest in the sagebrush steppe to...

    Author(s):
    K.W. Davies; M. Vavra; B. Schultz; N. Rimbey
    Year:
    2014
    Keywords:
    Source:
    Journal of Rangeland Applications

  10. Prescribed grazing for management of invasive vegetation in a hardwood forest understory

    Land managers considering prescribed grazing (PG) face a lack of information on animal stocking rates, timing of grazing, and duration of grazing to achieve desired conditions in natural ecosystems under invasion stress from a variety of nonnative invasive plant (NNIP) species. In this study we tested PG treatments using goats for reducing NNIP brush species and...

    Author(s):
    Ronald A. Rathfon; Songlin Fei; Jason Tower; Kenneth Andries; Michael Neary
    Year:
    2014
    Keywords:
    Source:
    In: Groninger, John W.; Holzmueller, Eric J.; Nielsen, Clayton K.; Dey, Daniel C., eds. Proceedings, 19th Central Hardwood Forest Conference; 2014 March 10-12; Carbondale, IL. General Technical Report NRS-P-142. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station: 220-232.

  11. Influence of 90 Years of protection from grazing on plant and soil processes in the subalpine of the Wasatch Plateau, USA

    Human communities in the Intermountain West depend heavily on subalpine rangelands because of their importance in providing water for irrigation and forage for wildlife and livestock. In addition, many constituencies are looking to managed ecosystems to sequester carbon in plant biomass and soil C to reduce the impact of anthropogenic CO2 on climate. This work builds...

    Author(s):
    Richard A. Gill
    Year:
    2007
    Keywords:
    subalpine rangeland, soil carbon, grazing exclosure, mineralizable carbon, hydrology
    Source:
    Rangeland Ecology and Management. 60(1): 88-98.

  12. Development of native plants under three grazing intensities

    The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of various intensities of grazing upon roots and root systems of plants native to the ponderosa pine zone of the Colorado Front Range. It was designed to ascertain the root characteristics of certain species of the plant community and any changes in root distribution induced by 17 years of moderate and heavy...

    Author(s):
    Joseph L. Schuster
    Year:
    1964
    Keywords:
    grazing, root systems, root development
    Source:
    Ecology. 45(1): 63-70.

  13. Deer and Cattle Diets on Heavily Grazed Pine-Bluestem Range

    We studied dietary overlap between captive white-tailed deer (n = 3) (Odocoileus virginianus) and cattle (n = 4) for 3 years on 2 rotationally burned, 54-ha longleaf pine (Pinus palustris)-bluestem (Andropogon spp.) pastures in central Louisiana. A third of each pasture was burned each year in late February. One pasture was grazed heavily (61-77% herbage use) yearlong...

    Author(s):
    Ronald E. Thill; Alton Martin
    Year:
    1989
    Keywords:
    Source:
    J. Wildl. Manage. 53(3):540-548

  14. Impact of cattle grazing on the surface water quality of a Colorado Front Range stream

    The purpose of this study was to quantify the impact and evaluate the local and immediate downstream pollution potential of range cattle grazing with free stream access. Emphasis was placed on suspended solids, ammonia-nitrogen, nitrate-nitrogen, orthophosphate, fecal coliform and fecal streptococci concentrations. Samples were collected at four sites along a 2.6 km...

    Author(s):
    Steven R. Johnson
    Year:
    1978
    Keywords:
    grazing, cattle, pollution, ammonia-nitrogen, nitrate-nitrogen
    Source:
    Fort Collins, CO: Colorado State University. 115 p. Thesis.

  15. Interactive effects of large herbivores and plant diversity on insect abundance in a meadow steppe in China

    The structure and dynamics of insect community in grasslands can be influenced by grazing management via altered characteristics of plant community. However, attempts to better understand the complex relationships among plants, insects, and large herbivores is still hampered largely by the interactive effects of plants, insects, and large grazers on each other. In this...

    Author(s):
    Hui Zhu; Deli Wang; Qinfeng Guo; Jun Liu; Ling Wang
    Year:
    2015
    Keywords:
    Grassland, Large herbivore grazing, Insect abundance, Plant Shannon-Wiener index, Order- and species-level
    Source:
    Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 212: 245-252

  16. Response of native versus exotic plant guilds to cattle and elk herbivory in forested rangeland

    Questions: Are exotic plant species favoured by non-native ungulate herbivores and disadvantaged by native herbivores in forested rangelands? Do the impacts of ungulates on exotic vs native plants depend on forest management activities such as prescribed fire and stand thinning?

    Location: Northeastern Oregon, USA.

    Author(s):
    Burak K. Pekin; Michael J. Wisdom; Catherine G. Parks; Bryan A. Endress; Bridgett J. Naylor; Ralf Ohlemuller
    Year:
    2015
    Keywords:
    Conditioned Correspondence Analysis, Conifer ForestManagement, Grazing, Non-Native Species, Prescribed Burning, Stand Thinning, Ungulates
    Source:
    Applied Vegetation Science

  17. Estimating influence of stocking regimes on livestock grazing distributions

    Livestock often concentrate grazing in particular regions of landscapes while partly or wholly avoiding other regions. Dispersing livestock from the heavily grazed regions is a central challenge in grazing land management. Position data gathered from GPS-collared livestock hold potential for increasing knowledge of factors driving livestock aggregation patterns, but...

    Author(s):
    Matthew J. Rinella; Marty Vavra; Bridgett J. Naylor; Jennifer M. Boyd
    Year:
    2011
    Keywords:
    animal position data, grazing, livestock, cattle stocking, seemingly unrelated regression models, SUR models, deferred grazing
    Source:
    Ecological Modelling. 222: 619-625

  18. Rehabilitation of an oak planting project on cleared rangeland using treeshelters and grazing: a ten-year saga

    On a 2-hectare site at the Sierra Foothill Research and Extension Center near Marysville, California, 1,440 blue oaks (Quercus douglasii) were planted during 1990-91 in an attempt to re-vegetate an oak woodland that had been almost totally cleared for cattle grazing during the mid-1960s. This initial planting of acorns, 4-month old seedlings, and 1-...

    Author(s):
    Jerry Tecklin; Michael Connor; Douglas D. McCreary
    Year:
    2002
    Keywords:
    Source:
    In: Standiford, Richard B., et al, tech. editor. Proceedings of the Fifth Symposium on Oak Woodlands: Oaks in California's Challenging Landscape. Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-184, Albany, CA: Pacific Southwest Research Station, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture: 839

  19. Non-grazing and gophers lower bulk density and acidity in annual-plant soil

    The effects of non-grazing on Ahwahnee coarse sandy loam were studied at the San Joaquin Experimental Range in central California. An exclosure, on which there had been no livestock grazing for 34 years, had a lower surface bulk density and lower acidity than an adjacent range that had been grazed. Bulk density averaged 1.08 gm./cc. on the ungrazed range, and 1.43 gm./...

    Author(s):
    Raymond D. Ratliff; Stanley E. Westfall
    Year:
    1971
    Keywords:
    livestock influences, soil compaction, central Sierra Nevada ecosystems, Ahwahnee coarse sandy loans, soil pH, gophers, soil density
    Source:
    Res. Note PSW-RN-254. Berkeley, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station. 4 p

  20. Grazing in central hardwood forests

    Woodland grazing is a major forestry and land management problem in parts of the central hardwood region. Most forest grazing is by cattle and, to a lesser extent, hogs in woodlands adjacent to pastures or feedlots. The practice is particularly common in the cattle producing areas of the Corn Belt where often 50 percent or more of the upland forest is grazed. Woodland...

    Author(s):
    Robert A. McQuilkin; Harold Scholten
    Year:
    1989
    Keywords:
    Source:
    In: Hutchinson, Jay G., ed. Central hardwood notes. St. Paul, MN.: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station. 8.14

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