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  1. Microbial control of the gypsy moth in recently infested states: experiences and expectations

    Experiences and expectations concerning microbial control of the gypsy moth in recently infested states are summarized. Initial experience included mixed results, but expectations remain optimistic. Public sentiment assures continued pressure for improvement in microbial control technology.

    https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/search?keywords=%22microbial+control%22

    Author(s):
    Timothy C. Tigner
    Year:
    1985
    Keywords:
    Source:
    In: Grimble, David G.; Lewis, Franklin B., coords. Proceedings, Symposium: Microbial control of spruce budworms and gypsy moths; 1984 April 10-12; Windsor Locks, CT. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-100. Broomall, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station. 31-32

  2. Symposium on microbial control of spruce budworm and gypsy moth

    The principal purpose of this Symposium is to take advantage of the CANUSA experience, which has engaged so many of us recently, to share and place in the context of our total experience, the current situation regarding microbial insecticides and their use. The exercise will be useful not only for information exchange ? the traditional purpose of symposia -- but also...

    https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/search?keywords=%22microbial+control%22

    Author(s):
    F. B. Lewis
    Year:
    1985
    Keywords:
    Source:
    In: Grimble, David G.; Lewis, Franklin B., coords. Proceedings, Symposium: Microbial control of spruce budworms and gypsy moths; 1984 April 10-12; Windsor Locks, CT. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-100. Broomall, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station. p.2

  3. Pennsylvania's experiences with microbial control of the gypsy moth

    Pennsylvania's first experience with using Bt on insect control occurred in 1964. For the next 17 years, various projects were conducted, in cooperation with the USFS and industry, in an effort to secure operational status of Bt for gypsy moth suppression. This point was reached in 1982, and the Governor was convinced that the time was right to convert most gypsy...

    https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/search?keywords=%22microbial+control%22

    Author(s):
    James O. Nichols
    Year:
    1985
    Keywords:
    Source:
    In: Grimble, David G.; Lewis, Franklin B., coords. Proceedings, Symposium: Microbial control of spruce budworms and gypsy moths; 1984 April 10-12; Windsor Locks, CT. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-100. Broomall, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station. 29-30

  4. Proceedings, Symposium: Microbial control of spruce budworms and gypsy moths

    Presents state-of-the art information on the development and use of microbial insecticides.

    https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/search?keywords=%22microbial+control%22

    Author(s):
    David G. Grimble; Franklin B. Lewis
    Year:
    1985
    Keywords:
    Source:
    Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-100. Broomall, PA: U. S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experimental Station Broomall, PA. 175 p.

  5. Microbial control of the emerald ash borer

    In June 2002, emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, a buprestid native to several Asian countries, was identified as the causative agent of ash (Fraxinus spp.) mortality in southeastern Michigan and southwestern Ontario. Currently, the only method known to control EAB is limited to identifying and destroying...

    https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/search?keywords=%22microbial+control%22

    Author(s):
    Leah S. Bauer; Houping Liu; Deborah L. Miller
    Year:
    2004
    Keywords:
    Source:
    In: Mastro, Victor; Reardon, Richard, comps. Proceedings of the emerald ash borer research and technology development meeting; 2003 September 30 - October 1; Port Huron, MI. FHTET 2004-02. Morgantown, WV: U.S. Forest Service, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team: 31-32.

  6. Microbial control of wood-boring insects attacking forest and shade trees

    Wood-boring insect pests that feed on the bark, phloem, or xylem (wood) of living trees pose unique management challenges because their immature stages live in cryptic, often inaccessible, habitats within host trees. The eggs of wood borers are laid in or on tree trunks, branches, terminal shoots, or roots. After the eggs hatch, neonates tunnel in and feed on internal...

    https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/search?keywords=%22microbial+control%22

    Author(s):
    Ann E. Hajek; Leah S. Bauer
    Year:
    2007
    Keywords:
    Source:
    In: Lacey, Lawrence A.; Kaya, Harry K.; eds. Field manual of techniques in invertebrate pathology. Chapter VII-10. Secaucus, NJ: Springer: 505-533.

  7. Microbial control of Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) with Beauveria bassiana strain GHA: field applications

    The effects of Beauveria bassiana strain GHA, applied as BotaniGard ES, on newly colonised and well-established populations of emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) were evaluated in the field using foliar and trunk sprays in Michigan in 2004-2005. Results from field trials at a newly colonised white ash...

    https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/search?keywords=%22microbial+control%22

    Author(s):
    Houping Liu; Leah S. Bauer
    Year:
    2008
    Keywords:
    emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis, Beauveria bassiana strain GHA, conidial persistence, field applications, microbial control
    Source:
    Biocontrol Science and Technology. 18(6): 571-585.

  8. Microbial control of Asian longhorned beetles - what are fungal bands?

    In Japan, the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria brongniartii is grown in nonwoven fiber bands that are placed around trunks of orchard trees for control of numerous cerambycid pests, including Anoplophora chinensis (= A. malasiaca). The Japanese company producing bands, Nitto Denko in Osaka, markets bands...

    https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/search?keywords=%22microbial+control%22

    Author(s):
    Ann E. Hajek; Thomas Dubois; Jennifer Lund; Ryan Shanley; Leah Bauer; Michael Smith; Peng Fan; Huang Bo; Hu Jiafu; Zengzhi Li
    Year:
    2007
    Keywords:
    Source:
    In: Gottschalk, Kurt W., ed. Proceedings, 17th U.S. Department of Agriculture interagency research forum on gypsy moth and other invasive species 2006; Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-P-10. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station: 47.

  9. Emerald Ash Borer Microbial Control with the Entomopathogen Beauveria bassiana GHA formulated as Botanigard®

    The emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), a sporadic wood-boring pest native to northeastern Asia, was found attacking ash trees (Fraxinus spp.) in southeastern Michigan in 2002. Despite regulatory efforts to quarantine and eradicate EAB, this invasive beetle has continued to spread...

    https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/search?keywords=%22microbial+control%22

    Author(s):
    Houping Lui; Leah S. Bauer
    Year:
    2008
    Keywords:
    Source:
    In: Mastro, Victor; Lance, David; Reardon, Richard; Parra, Gregory, comps. Emerald ash borer research and development meeting; 2007 October 23-24; Pittsburgh, PA. FHTET 2008-07. Morgantown, WV: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team: 48-49.

  10. Microbial control of emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) with Beauveria bassiana strain GHA: Greenhouse and field trials

    In 2003-2004, the lethal and sublethal effects of Beauveria bassiana strain GHA on emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) adults and larvae were evaluated using topical spray and fungal band treatments in the greenhouse and field. B. bassiana strain GHA was moderately effective against...

    https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/search?keywords=%22microbial+control%22

    Author(s):
    Houping Liu; Leah S. Bauer
    Year:
    2008
    Keywords:
    emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis, Beauveria bassiana strain GHA, lethal and sublethal effects, greenhouse and field trials, microbial control
    Source:
    Biological control. 45: 124-132.

  11. Genetic engineering of microbial pesticides

    Recent advances in genetics and molecular biology make possible the cloning and genetic manipulation of genes for insecticidal activities from natural insect pathogens. Using recombinant DNA methods and site-directed mutagenesis of specific gene regions, production of new and improved biorationals should be possible.

    https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/search?keywords=%22microbial+control%22

    Author(s):
    Bruce C. Carlton
    Year:
    1985
    Keywords:
    Source:
    In: Grimble, David G.; Lewis, Franklin B., coords. Proceedings, Symposium: Microbial control of spruce budworms and gypsy moths; 1984 April 10-12; Windsor Locks, CT. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-100. Broomall, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station. 133-136

  12. Interactions between microbial agents and gypsy moth parasites

    The parasite Cotesia melanoscelus attacks small gypsy moth larvae more successfully than large ones, and Bacillus thuringiensis retards the growth of caterpillars it does not kill. Together, both factors lead to higher parasitism by C. melanoscelus in areas sprayed with B. thuringiensis than...

    https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/search?keywords=%22microbial+control%22

    Author(s):
    Ronald M. Weseloh
    Year:
    1985
    Keywords:
    Source:
    In: Grimble, David G.; Lewis, Franklin B., coords. Proceedings, Symposium: Microbial control of spruce budworms and gypsy moths; 1984 April 10-12; Windsor Locks, CT. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-100. Broomall, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station. 87-90

  13. Spray swath patterns of small aircraft and vertical distribution of microbial spray deposits

    Each year in Northeastern United States over 500,000 acres of oak forests are aerially sprayed to prevent massive defoliation by the gypsy moth. In Pennsylvania alone 400,000 acres were proposed for treatment in 1983 with commercial preparation of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt).

    https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/search?keywords=%22microbial+control%22

    Author(s):
    W. G. Yendol
    Year:
    1985
    Keywords:
    Source:
    In: Grimble, David G.; Lewis, Franklin B., coords. Proceedings, Symposium: Microbial control of spruce budworms and gypsy moths; 1984 April 10-12; Windsor Locks, CT. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-100. Broomall, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station. 151-154

  14. Pathways of nucleopolyhedrosis virus infection in the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar

    Gypsy moth nucleopolyhedrosis virus polyhedral inclusion bodies dissolve slowly in host digestive fluids, in vitro. Infectious viral material is in the hemocoel two hours after ingestion of inclusion bodies. Hemocytes produce and release nucleocapsids throughout the course of infection, but in the fat body, nearly all nucleocapsids are enveloped and...

    https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/search?keywords=%22microbial+control%22

    Author(s):
    K. S. Shields
    Year:
    1985
    Keywords:
    Source:
    In: Grimble, David G.; Lewis, Franklin B., coords. Proceedings, Symposium: Microbial control of spruce budworms and gypsy moths; 1984 April 10-12; Windsor Locks, CT. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-100. Broomall, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station. 123-124

  15. The biochemistry of the protein crystal toxin of Bacillus thuringiensis

    The crystal consists of dimeric protein subunits. The monomer peptide chains are held together in the subunit and the subunit in the crystal by disulfide and non-covalent bonds. The monomer peptide has a molecular weight of about 130 kdaltons which, in the presence of proteases, is hydrolyzed to a protease-resistant-protein of 65 kda that is toxic both to larvae by...

    https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/search?keywords=%22microbial+control%22

    Author(s):
    Paul G. Fast
    Year:
    1985
    Keywords:
    Source:
    In: Grimble, David G.; Lewis, Franklin B., coords. Proceedings, Symposium: Microbial control of spruce budworms and gypsy moths; 1984 April 10-12; Windsor Locks, CT. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-100. Broomall, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station. 109-113

  16. Bioassay of formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis for use in forestry: panel discussion of the role of the bioassay in standardizing formulations of B. thuringiensis

    The panel discussed various aspects of Bacillus thuringiensis formulations and fermentations and concluded that the only means at present of standardizing these formulations or discovering more potent strains of the Bacillus is through carefully controlled bioassays.

    https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/search?keywords=%22microbial+control%22

    Author(s):
    H. T. Dulmage; C. C. Beegle; N. R. Dubois
    Year:
    1985
    Keywords:
    Source:
    In: Grimble, David G.; Lewis, Franklin B., coords. Proceedings, Symposium: Microbial control of spruce budworms and gypsy moths; 1984 April 10-12; Windsor Locks, CT. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-100. Broomall, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station. 161-169

  17. Overall aspects of Bt in forest service cooperative gypsy moth suppression projects

    Improvements in Bt performance and cost, coupled with public concerns over human health risks have elevated Bt to a viable alternative to chemical insecticides. Operational use of Bt in recent years has demonstrated that while foliage protection can generally be achieved in most situations, gypsy moth population reduction cannot. Efforts are needed to improve Bt...

    https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/search?keywords=%22microbial+control%22

    Author(s):
    Noel F. Schneeberger
    Year:
    1985
    Keywords:
    Source:
    In: Grimble, David G.; Lewis, Franklin B., coords. Proceedings, Symposium: Microbial control of spruce budworms and gypsy moths; 1984 April 10-12; Windsor Locks, CT. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-100. Broomall, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station. 35-37

  18. Developments in commercially produced microbials at Biochem Products

    Biochem Products is part of a large industrial and scientific family - the Solvay Group. Solvay, headquartered in Brussels, Belgium is a multinational company with 46,000 employees worldwide. In the U.S., our working partners include a large polymer manufacturer, a peroxygen producer and a leading poultry and animal health products company. Biochem Products is a...

    https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/search?keywords=%22microbial+control%22

    Author(s):
    John Lublinkhof; Douglas H. Ross
    Year:
    1985
    Keywords:
    Source:
    In: Grimble, David G.; Lewis, Franklin B., coords. Proceedings, Symposium: Microbial control of spruce budworms and gypsy moths; 1984 April 10-12; Windsor Locks, CT. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-100. Broomall, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station. P.137

  19. Commercial production of microbials by Reuter Laboratories, inc., for control of the gypsy moth and the spruce budworm

    Reuter Laboratories announces additions to its line of microbial insecticides with the 1984-85 introduction of a Bacillus thuringiensis, Berliner, variety Kurstaki (HD-1, H-3A3B) wettable powder formulation. Gypsy moth nucleopolyhedrosis virus, in experimental production since 1982, is scheduled for commercial introduction as a...

    https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/search?keywords=%22microbial+control%22

    Author(s):
    F. D. Obenchain
    Year:
    1985
    Keywords:
    Source:
    In: Grimble, David G.; Lewis, Franklin B., coords. Proceedings, Symposium: Microbial control of spruce budworms and gypsy moths; 1984 April 10-12; Windsor Locks, CT. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-100. Broomall, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station. 139-140

  20. Recent field research experience with B.t. against spruce budworm in the eastern U.S.

    Recent testing in the eastern U. S. has led quickly to the adoption of 12 BIU/acre as the best operational dosage rate, with operational spray emission rates reduced to a quart or less per acre. Some recent work suggests that older larval instars of the budworm are highly susceptible to B.t. sprays, and the effective "spray window" can be broadened when...

    https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/search?keywords=%22microbial+control%22

    Author(s):
    John B. Dimond
    Year:
    1985
    Keywords:
    Source:
    In: Grimble, David G.; Lewis, Franklin B., coords. Proceedings, Symposium: Microbial control of spruce budworms and gypsy moths; 1984 April 10-12; Windsor Locks, CT. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-100. Broomall, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station. 47-53

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