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  1. Toward a Framework for Conducting Ecoregional Threats Assessments

    Assessing threats to biodiversity is widely recognized as a critical step in conservation planning. While there have been recent advances in understanding how to assess threats at a site level, there has been relatively little consensus on how threats can be meaningfully assessed at an ecoregional scale. Drawing from numerous threat assessment studies, this paper...

    Author(s):
    Jamison Ervin; Jeffrey Parrish
    Year:
    2006
    Keywords:
    monitoring, assessment, sustainability, Western Hemisphere, sustainable management, ecosystem resources, ecoregional threats assessments
    Source:
    In: Aguirre-Bravo, C.; Pellicane, Patrick J.; Burns, Denver P.; and Draggan, Sidney, Eds. 2006. Monitoring Science and Technology Symposium: Unifying Knowledge for Sustainability in the Western Hemisphere Proceedings RMRS-P-42CD. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. p. 105-112

  2. The wilderness threats matrix: A framework for assessing impacts

    A comprehensive framework for assessing threats to wilderness is described. The framework is represented as a matrix of potential threats and attributes of wilderness character. Cells in the matrix represent the impacts of threats on each attribute. Potential applications of the matrix are described. An application of the matrix to the wildernesses in the Forest...

    Author(s):
    David N. Cole
    Year:
    1994
    Keywords:
    impacts, monitoring, assessment, Idaho, Montana
    Source:
    Res. Pap. INT-475. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station. 14 p.

  3. Chapter 25: Pollution and Fishing Threats to Marbled Murrelets

    The principal pollutant threats to Marbled Murrelets are chlorinated organic effluent discharges from chlorine bleach pulp mills located in California, Washington, and British Columbia. The distribution of murrelets away from riverine input of agricultural chemicals reduces the threat from these pollutants. Plastic ingestion does not appear to pose a serious threat to...

    Author(s):
    D. Michael Fry
    Year:
    1995
    Keywords:
    Source:
    In: Ralph, C. John; Hunt, George L., Jr.; Raphael, Martin G.; Piatt, John F., Technical Editors. 1995. Ecology and conservation of the Marbled Murrelet. Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-152. Albany, CA: Pacific Southwest Research Station, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture; p. 257-260

  4. Threats to riparian ecosystems in western North America: An analysis of existing literature

    A total of 453 journal articles, reports, books, and book chapters addressing threats to riparian ecosystems in western North America were analyzed to identify, quantify, and qualify the major threats to these ecosystems as represented in the existing literature. Publications were identified either as research, policy, literature review, historical comparison, or...

    Author(s):
    Boris Poff; Karen A. Koestner; Dan Neary; Victoria Henderson
    Year:
    2011
    Keywords:
    environmental impacts, riparian ecology, sustainability, water policy
    Source:
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA). 1-14. doi: 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00571.x

  5. Sociocultural perspectives on threats, risks, and health

    Sociocultural perspectives on threats, risks, and health are explored in this chapter. The authors begin with a discussion of the linkages between well-being in the Sierra Nevada ecosystem and public health and well-being to set the context of socioecological resilience. This is followed by a summary of how trust and confidence influence the management of threats and...

    Author(s):
    Patricia L. Winter; Jonathan W. Long; Frank K. Lake
    Year:
    2014
    Keywords:
    ecological restoration, socioecological systems, ecosystem resilience, forest planning, fire management, altered fire regimes, wildfire, climate change, anthropogenic disturbance, invasive species, water resources, species of conservation concern, California
    Source:
    Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-247. Albany, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station: 569-598. Chap. 9.3

  6. Threats and changes affecting human relationships with wilderness: Implications for management

    For wilderness managers, the ability to recognize threats and changing conditions is vital. While these threats are typically associated with resource and social conditions, they can also be investigated relative to wilderness relationships. This paper explores how threats and changes may be affecting human relationships with wilderness and the possible implications...

    Author(s):
    Robert G. Dvorak; William T. Borrie; Alan E. Watson
    Year:
    2011
    Keywords:
    wilderness, biodiversity, conservation, protected areas, economics, subsistence, tourism, traditional knowledge, community involvement, policy, stewardship, education, spiritual values
    Source:
    In: Watson, Alan; Murrieta-Saldivar, Joaquin; McBride, Brooke, comps. Science and stewardship to protect and sustain wilderness values: Ninth World Wilderness Congress symposium; November 6-13, 2009; Merida, Yucatan, Mexico. Proceedings RMRS-P-64. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Sta

  7. Mapping multiple forest threats in the northwestern United States

    US forestlands are increasingly subject to disturbances including wildfire, insects and disease, and urban and exurban development. Devising strategies for addressing these “forest threats” depends on anticipating where individual disturbances are most likely and where they might occur in combination. However, many spatial data sets describing forest threats are...

    Author(s):
    Jeffrey D. Kline; Becky K. Kerns; Michelle A. Day; Roger B. Hammer
    Year:
    2013
    Keywords:
    forest health, landscape planning and assessment, wildfire, insects and disease, wildland-urban interface
    Source:
    Journal of Forestry. 111 (3): 206–213

  8. Threats to the viability of California spotted owls

    The California spotted owl (Strix occidentalis occidentalis) is a species of conservation concern owing to threats to its habitat and populations. Verner et al. (1992) first assessed the status of the California spotted owl "The California Spotted Owl: A technical Assessment of it’s current status" (CASPO) and identified four factors as either threats or...

    Author(s):
    John J. Keane
    Year:
    2017
    Keywords:
    California spotted owl, forest management, fire, conservation
    Source:
    Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-254. Albany, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station: 185-238

  9. Spider size and guarding of offspring affect Paraphidippus aurantius (Araneae, Salticidae) response to predation threat

    We tested the hypothesis that the response of Paraphidippus aurantius (Lucas 1833) (Salticidae) to a simulated threat of predation would depend on a combination of spider size and reproductive status. In ponderosa pine forests of Colorado we located nests with spiders of varying sizes that were either adult female spiders guarding offspring or juvenile female and male...

    Author(s):
    Kailen A. Mooney; Jon R. Haloin
    Year:
    2006
    Keywords:
    size-structured intraguild predation, parental care, anti-predator strategy
    Source:
    Journal of Arachnology. 34(1): 98-103.

  10. Using resilience and resistance concepts to manage persistent threats to sagebrush ecosystems and greater sage-grouse

    Conservation of imperiled species often demands addressing a complex suite of threats that undermine species viability. Regulatory approaches, such as the US Endangered Species Act (1973), tend to focus on anthropogenic threats through adoption of policies and regulatory mechanisms. However, persistent ecosystem-based threats, such as invasive species and altered...

    Author(s):
    Jeanne C. Chambers; Jeremy D. Maestas; David A. Pyke; Chad S. Boyd; Mike Pellant; Amarina Wuenschel
    Year:
    2017
    Keywords:
    conifer expansion, conservation, invasive annual grasses, population persistence, soil temperature/moisture regimes, wildfire
    Source:
    Rangeland Ecology and Management. 70: 149-164.

  11. Forests on the edge: evaluating contributions of and threats to America's private forest lands

    The Forests on the Edge project, sponsored by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, uses geographic information systems to construct and analyze maps depicting ecological, social, and economic contributions of America's private forest lands and threats to those contributions. Watersheds across the conterminous United States are ranked relative to the...

    Author(s):
    Mark Hatfield; Ronald E. McRoberts; Dacia M. Meneguzzo; Mike Dechter; <i>et al</i>
    Year:
    2007
    Keywords:
    Source:
    In: McRoberts, Ronald E.; Reams, Gregory A.; Van Deusen, Paul C.; McWilliams, William H., eds. Proceedings of the seventh annual forest inventory and analysis symposium; October 3-6, 2005; Portland, ME. Gen. Tech. Rep. WO-77. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service: 135-142.

  12. What is the wildland fire threat to homes?

    The threat of life and property losses related to wildfires is a significant issue for federal, state, and local fire and planning agencies who consider the mix of residential areas and wildlands. The wildland fire threat is part of the more general consideration of human development encroaching wildlands. The March, 2000 edition of the Journal of Forestry reflects...

    Author(s):
    Jack D. Cohen
    Year:
    2000
    Keywords:
    wildland fire threat, residential areas, residential fire, urban encroachment, wildland fragmentation
    Source:
    Thompson Memorial Lecture, School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 10 April 2000.

  13. North Carolina's Emerging Forest Threats: Management Options for Healthy Forests

    Forest landowners are seeing increased pressure from threats like fire, insects, disease, extreme weather, and drought on their land and resources. The last decade has brought record droughts to North Carolina, increasing wildfires, expanding insect and plant invasions, and more intense hurricane and tornado events. Scientists predict increases in temperature and...

    Author(s):
    Lisa Jennings; Emrys Treasure; Jennifer Moore Myers; Steve McNulty; Sean Brogan; David Jones
    Year:
    2012
    Keywords:
    Source:
    Information Pamphlet: North Carolina Forest Service, Raleigh, NC. 4p.

  14. Eastern forest environmental threat assessment center

    The Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment Center (EFETAC) provides the latest research and expertise concerning threats to healthy forests – such as insects and disease, wildland loss, invasive species, wildland fire, and climate change – to assist forest landowners, managers and scientists throughout the East. Established in 2005, EFETAC is a joint effort of...

    Author(s):
    Southern Research Station USDA Forest Service
    Year:
    2010
    Keywords:
    Source:
    Science Update SRS-020. Asheville, NC : U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station.

  15. Prioritizing the conservation needs of United States tree species: Evaluating vulnerability to forest insect and disease threats

    Insect and disease infestations pose major threats to several North American forest tree species. Scientists and managers from throughout the United States Forest Service developed a conservation priority-setting framework for forest tree species at risk from insects and disease and other threats. The Project CAPTURE (Conservation Assessment and Prioritization of...

    Author(s):
    Kevin M. Potter; Maria E. Escanferla; Robert M. Jetton; Gary Man; Barbara S. Crane
    Year:
    2019
    Keywords:
    Gene conservation, Forest health, Insects and disease, Invasive species, Genetic resistance Threatened species
    Source:
    Global Ecology and Conservation

  16. Managing emerging threats to spotted owls

    The 3 spotted owl (Strix occidentalis) subspecies in North America (i.e., northern spotted owl [S. o. caurina], California spotted owl [S. o. occidentalis], Mexican spotted owl [S. o. lucida]) have all experienced population declines over the past century due to habitat loss and fragmentation from logging. Now, the emerging influences of climate change, high-severity...

    Author(s):
    Ho Yi Wan; Joseph L. Ganey; Christina D. Vojta; Samuel A. Cushman
    Year:
    2018
    Keywords:
    barred owl, climate change, conservation, demography, endangered species, fire, fragmentation, habitat loss, spotted owl, thinning
    Source:
    The Journal of Wildlife Management. 82(4): 682-697.

  17. Threats to wilderness ecosystems: impacts and research needs

    One of the primary purposes of designated wilderness areas is protection of natural ecosystems. However, the ecological integrity of these most protected of public lands is threatened by direct and indirect effects of human activities both internal and external to wilderness. Accelerated research programs on threats to wilderness are needed to realize the purposes for...

    Author(s):
    David N. Cole; Peter B. Landres
    Year:
    1996
    Keywords:
    ecological impact, ecological restoration, nature preservation, research needs, threats, wilderness
    Source:
    Ecological applications. 6(1): 168-18

  18. Identifying threats, values, and attributes in Brazilian wilderness areas

    The protection of relatively pristine areas in Brazil provides a great opportunity to recognize the values of natural ecosystems. At the same time, it provides opportunities for economic development. The growing interest in these areas in Brazil has stimulated techniques for management and research to study the consequences of human activities on the natural...

    Author(s):
    Teresa Cristina Magro; Alan Watson; Paula Bernasconi
    Year:
    2007
    Keywords:
    wilderness, biodiversity, protected areas, economics, subsistence, tourism, traditional knowledge, community involvement, policy, stewardship, education, spiritual values
    Source:
    In: Watson, Alan; Sproull, Janet; Dean, Liese, comps. Science and stewardship to protect and sustain wilderness values: Eighth World Wilderness Congress symposium; September 30-October 6, 2005; Anchorage, AK. Proceedings RMRS-P-49. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. p. 319-322

  19. Threats to private forest lands in the U.S.A.: a forests on the edge study

    The Forests on the Edge project, sponsored by the USDA Forest Service, uses geographic information systems to construct and analyze maps depicting threats to the contributions of America’s private forest lands. For this study, watersheds across the conterminous United States are evaluated with respect to the amount of their private forest land. Watersheds with at least...

    Author(s):
    Mark H. Hatfield; Ronald E. McRoberts; Dacia M. Meneguzzo; Sara Comas
    Year:
    2010
    Keywords:
    Ecological services, forest contributions, geographic information systems, fourth-level watershed, land use change, private forest, sustainable forest management.
    Source:
    In: Pye, John M.; Rauscher, H. Michael; Sands, Yasmeen; Lee, Danny C.; Beatty, Jerome S., tech. eds. 2010. Advances in threat assessment and their application to forest and rangeland management. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-802. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest and Southern Research Stations: 133-144

  20. Range-wide threats to a foundation tree species from disturbance interactions

    The geographic range of tanoak, Notholithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Manos, Cannon & S. H. Oh (Fagaceae), encompasses tremendous physiographic variability, diverse plant communities, and complex disturbance regimes (e.g., development, timber harvest, and wildfire) that now also include serious threats posed by the invasive forest...

    Author(s):
    Whalen W. Dillon; Ross K. Meentemeyer; John B. Vogler; Richard C. Cobb; Margaret R. Metz; David M. Rizzo
    Year:
    2013
    Keywords:
    Decision support system, fire, forest ecosystems, foundation species, landscape epidemiology, Notholithocarpus densiflorus, sudden oak death, tree disease
    Source:
    Madroño 60(2):139-150

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