Index of Species Information
SPECIES: Antennaria racemosa
Introductory
SPECIES: Antennaria racemosa
AUTHORSHIP AND CITATION :
Matthews, Robin F. 1993. Antennaria racemosa. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online].
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station,
Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available:
https://www.fs.usda.gov/database/feis/plants/forb/antrac/all.html [].
ABBREVIATION :
ANTRAC
SYNONYMS :
NO-ENTRY
SCS PLANT CODE :
ANRA
COMMON NAMES :
raceme pussytoes
TAXONOMY :
The currently accepted scientific name of raceme pussytoes is Antennaria
racemosa Hook. [6,8,13,15]. There are no recognized subspecies,
varieties, or forms. Antennaria is a complex genus due to a high degree
of apomixis, polyploidy, and hybridization [11].
LIFE FORM :
Forb
FEDERAL LEGAL STATUS :
No special status
OTHER STATUS :
NO-ENTRY
DISTRIBUTION AND OCCURRENCE
SPECIES: Antennaria racemosa
GENERAL DISTRIBUTION :
Raceme pussytoes is distributed from British Columbia south to Oregon
and east to Alberta, Montana, and Wyoming [13,15].
ECOSYSTEMS :
FRES20 Douglas-fir
FRES23 Fir - spruce
FRES24 Hemlock - Sitka spruce
FRES25 Larch
FRES26 Lodgepole pine
STATES :
ID MT OR WA WY AB BC
BLM PHYSIOGRAPHIC REGIONS :
1 Northern Pacific Border
2 Cascade Mountains
5 Columbia Plateau
8 Northern Rocky Mountains
9 Middle Rocky Mountains
10 Wyoming Basin
16 Upper Missouri Basin and Broken Lands
KUCHLER PLANT ASSOCIATIONS :
K001 Spruce - cedar - hemlock forest
K002 Cedar - hemlock - Douglas-fir forest
K004 Fir - hemlock forest
K012 Douglas-fir forest
K014 Grand fir - Douglas-fir forest
K015 Western spruce - fir forest
SAF COVER TYPES :
205 Mountain hemlock
206 Engelmann spruce - subalpine fir
210 Interior Douglas-fir
212 Western larch
213 Grand fir
218 Lodgepole pine
224 Western hemlock
227 Western redcedar - western hemlock
228 Western redcedar
229 Pacific Douglas-fir
230 Douglas-fir - western hemlock
SRM (RANGELAND) COVER TYPES :
NO-ENTRY
HABITAT TYPES AND PLANT COMMUNITIES :
Some species commonly associated with raceme pussytoes include bearberry
(Arctostaphylos uva-ursi), prince's pine (Chimaphila umbellata),
twinflower (Linnaea borealis), grouse whortleberry (Vaccinium
scoparium), heartleaf arnica (Arnica cordifolia), western yarrow
(Achillea millefolium), fireweed (Epilobium angustifolium), fleabane
(Erigeron spp.), showy aster (Aster conspicuus), dandelion (Taraxacum
officinale), scarlet paintbrush (Castilleja miniata), Virginia
strawberry (Fragaria virginiana), and pinegrass (Calamagrostis
rubescens) [3,12,16].
MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS
SPECIES: Antennaria racemosa
IMPORTANCE TO LIVESTOCK AND WILDLIFE :
Raceme pussytoes has moderate forage value for deer [21].
PALATABILITY :
NO-ENTRY
NUTRITIONAL VALUE :
NO-ENTRY
COVER VALUE :
NO-ENTRY
VALUE FOR REHABILITATION OF DISTURBED SITES :
NO-ENTRY
OTHER USES AND VALUES :
NO-ENTRY
OTHER MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS :
In Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii)/pinegrass habitats in central
Idaho, raceme pussytoes cover decreased after clearcutting and
shelterwood cutting followed by mechanical scarification; after
clearcutting followed by broadcast burning; and after clearcutting with
no subsequent site preparation [21]. It showed a similar response to
the same silvicultural treatments in Douglas-fir/ninebark (Physocarpus
malvaceus) and Douglas-fir/globe huckleberry (Vaccinium globulare)
habitat types in western Montana [2].
Raceme pussytoes is moderately resistant to trampling [5]. Pussytoes
(Antennaria spp.) usually increase in response to grazing [25].
BOTANICAL AND ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS
SPECIES: Antennaria racemosa
GENERAL BOTANICAL CHARACTERISTICS :
Raceme pussytoes is a native, perennial forb with creeping, leafy
stolons. Stems are 4 to 24 inches (10-60 cm) tall. The inflorescence
is a generally open cyme, but flowers may be more crowded at higher
elevations [13,15].
RAUNKIAER LIFE FORM :
Hemicryptophyte
REGENERATION PROCESSES :
Raceme pussytoes reproduces from seed or spreads vegetatively through
stolons. Seeds are light and wind dispersed. They are generally
not stored in soil seed banks. Raceme pussytoes seeds germinate on
mineral soil in partial shade; germination and seedling establishment
do not increase dramatically following disturbance. Vegetative growth
tends to increase following partial removal of the canopy [21].
SITE CHARACTERISTICS :
Raceme pussytoes is found on moist, at least partially shaded sites in
cool montane and subalpine forests [6,13,15]. In west-central Montana
it is particularly abundant on north slopes, where it may be found along
roads and in other disturbed places [15]. Raceme pussytoes is found at
elevations of 5,600 to 11,500 feet (1,700-3,500 m) in Wyoming and 3,500
to 6,800 feet (1,050-2,050 m) in Montana [7].
SUCCESSIONAL STATUS :
Facultative Seral Species
Raceme pussytoes is shade tolerant but is often found on disturbed sites
on north-facing slopes [15]. In central Idaho it is an early seral
species in subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa)/beargrass (Xerophyllum
tenax) habitat types [19], but is considered late seral in
Douglas-fir/ninebark and Douglas-fir/pinegrass habitat types [20,21].
SEASONAL DEVELOPMENT :
Raceme pussytoes flowers from May through August [13].
FIRE ECOLOGY
SPECIES: Antennaria racemosa
FIRE ECOLOGY OR ADAPTATIONS :
Raceme pussytoes colonizes bare mineral soil from light, wind-dispersed
seed [19,21].
FIRE REGIMES :
Find fire regime information for the plant communities in which this
species may occur by entering the species name in the FEIS home page under
"Find Fire Regimes".
POSTFIRE REGENERATION STRATEGY :
Initial-offsite colonizer (off-site, initial community)
Secondary colonizer - off-site seed
FIRE EFFECTS
SPECIES: Antennaria racemosa
IMMEDIATE FIRE EFFECT ON PLANT :
Raceme pussytoes is probably killed by most fires.
DISCUSSION AND QUALIFICATION OF FIRE EFFECT :
NO-ENTRY
PLANT RESPONSE TO FIRE :
Raceme pussytoes response to fire varies. It decreased in cover in the
first years following stand-replacing wildfires in
Douglas-fir/pinegrass, Douglas-fir/ninebark, and Douglas-fir/globe
huckleberry habitat types in central Idaho and western Montana [2,21].
However, it increased after fires in subalpine fir/beargrass habitats
and was often found in the understory of open lodgepole pine (Pinus
contorta) stands, especially where one or more light surface fires had
recently occurred [19]. Raceme pussytoes was present in increasing
numbers in the first 10 years following the Pattee Canyon Fire in
western Montana [24]. Raceme pussytoes was also present within 7 to 9
years following a broadcast burn in a western larch (Larix
occidentalis)-Douglas-fir forest in Montana, although it was not a
component of the prefire community [22]. Reese [18] stated that raceme
pussytoes is sometimes present on recently burned sites in the Teton
Wilderness, Wyoming.
Anderson [1] reported that raceme pussytoes was present "via vegetative
regrowth" in postfire year 1 following moderately severe fires in
lodgepole pine stands in Yellowstone National Park. No other
information was found on the ability of raceme pussytoes to sprout after
fire.
DISCUSSION AND QUALIFICATION OF PLANT RESPONSE :
The Research Project Summary Vegetation response to restoration treatments
in ponderosa pine-Douglas-fir forests of western Montana provides
information on prescribed fire and postfire response of plant community species,
including raceme pussytoes, that was not available when this species review
was written.
FIRE MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS :
NO-ENTRY
REFERENCES
SPECIES: Antennaria racemosa
REFERENCES :
1. Anderson, Jay E.; Romme, William H. 1991. Initial floristics in
lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) forests following the 1988 Yellowstone
fires. International Journal of Wildland Fire. 1(2): 119-124. [16008]
2. Arno, Stephen F.; Simmerman, Dennis G.; Keane, Robert E. 1985. Forest
succession on four habitat types in western Montana. Gen. Tech. Rep.
INT-177. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service,
Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 74 p. [349]
3. Basile, Joseph V.; Jensen, Chester E. 1971. Grazing potential on
lodgepole pine clearcuts in Montana. Res. Pap. INT-98. Ogden, UT: U.S.
Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and
Range Experiment Station. 11 p. [8280]
4. Bernard, Stephen R.; Brown, Kenneth F. 1977. Distribution of mammals,
reptiles, and amphibians by BLM physiographic regions and A.W. Kuchler's
associations for the eleven western states. Tech. Note 301. Denver, CO:
U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management. 169 p.
[434]
5. Cole, David N. 1988. Disturbance and recovery of trampled montane
grassland and forests in Montana. Res. Pap. INT-389. Ogden, UT: U.S.
Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research
Station. 37 p. [3622]
6. Cronquist, Arthur. 1955. Vascular plants of the Pacific Northwest: Part
5: Compositae. Seattle: University of Washington Press. 343 p. [716]
7. Dittberner, Phillip L.; Olson, Michael R. 1983. The plant information
network (PIN) data base: Colorado, Montana, North Dakota, Utah, and
Wyoming. FWS/OBS-83/86. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of the Interior,
Fish and Wildlife Service. 786 p. [806]
8. Dorn, Robert D. 1988. Vascular plants of Wyoming. Cheyenne, WY: Mountain
West Publishing. 340 p. [6129]
9. Eyre, F. H., ed. 1980. Forest cover types of the United States and
Canada. Washington, DC: Society of American Foresters. 148 p. [905]
10. Garrison, George A.; Bjugstad, Ardell J.; Duncan, Don A.; [and others].
1977. Vegetation and environmental features of forest and range
ecosystems. Agric. Handb. 475. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Forest Service. 68 p. [998]
11. Great Plains Flora Association. 1986. Flora of the Great Plains.
Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas. 1392 p. [1603]
12. Hann, Wendel John. 1982. A taxonomy for classification of seral
vegetation of selected habitat types in western Montana. Moscow, ID:
University of Idaho. 235 p. Dissertation. [1073]
13. Hitchcock, C. Leo; Cronquist, Arthur. 1973. Flora of the Pacific
Northwest. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press. 730 p. [1168]
14. Kuchler, A. W. 1964. Manual to accompany the map of potential vegetation
of the conterminous United States. Special Publication No. 36. New York:
American Geographical Society. 77 p. [1384]
15. Lackschewitz, Klaus. 1991. Vascular plants of west-central
Montana--identification guidebook. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-227. Ogden, UT:
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research
Station. 648 p. [13798]
16. La Roi, George H.; Hnatiuk, Roger J. 1980. The Pinus contorta forests of
Banff and Jasper National Parks: a study in comparative synecology and
syntaxonomy. Ecological Monographs. 50(1): 1-29. [8347]
17. Raunkiaer, C. 1934. The life forms of plants and statistical plant
geography. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 632 p. [2843]
18. Reese, Jerry B.; Mohr, Francis R.; Dean, Ronald E.; Klabunde, Thomas.
1976. Teton Wilderness fire management plan. Part I: Ecological and
resource description of the Teton Wilderness. Jackson, WY: U.S.
Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Bridger-Teton National
Forest. 123 p. [21064]
19. Simpson, Michael L. 1990. The subalpine fir/beargrass habitat type:
Succession and management. Moscow, ID: University of Idaho. 134 p.
Thesis. [13464]
20. Steele, Robert; Geier-Hayes, Kathleen. 1989. The Douglas-fir/ninebark
habitat type in central Idaho: succession and management. Gen. Tech.
Rep. INT-252. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service,
Intermountain Research Station. 65 p. [8136]
21. Steele, Robert; Geier-Hayes, Kathleen. 1993. The Douglas-fir/pinegrass
habitat type in central Idaho: succession and management. Gen. Tech.
Rep. INT-298. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service,
Intermountain Research Station. 83 p. [21512]
22. Stickney, Peter F. 1980. Data base for post-fire succession, first 6 to
9 years, in Montana larch-fir forests. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-62. Ogden,
UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest
and Range Experiment Station. 133 p. [6583]
23. Stickney, Peter F. 1989. Seral origin of species originating in northern
Rocky Mountain forests. Unpublished draft on file at: U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, Fire
Sciences Laboratory, Missoula, MT; RWU 4403 files. 7 p. [20090]
24. Toth, Barbara L. 1991. Factors affecting conifer regeneration and
community structure after a wildfire in western Montana. Corvallis, OR:
Oregon State University. 124 p. Thesis. [14425]
25. Tweit, Susan J.; Houston, Kent E. 1980. Grassland and shrubland habitat
types of the Shoshone National Forest. Cody, WY: U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Forest Service, Shoshone National Forest. 143 p. [2377]
26. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1982.
National list of scientific plant names. Vol. 1. List of plant names.
SCS-TP-159. Washington, DC. 416 p. [11573]
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